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Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprim of trmie in raw |>ruduct8 lietweeu two ueiKlt- l^urliiL' r.i'iii-li I *<>iiili'i..ii- .IjoiiIiI '.iMMir iit a tiini' wIm-ii liniicrial «ciitiitH.>iit is ^ti'i'iiuilii iiiii;;, when till' iiiovc tur clii-i'T liii|N>rii!l trudu rt-lutiunit is gaining favour, uikI i<'>irnil(i In- nioiii|iir for Aii-ti;ili;i, ulio wii> iii ■ fiiliKuljli' in ri'uili'ring ii»istaniKtrtuniti<>s has bj-en sneh tliiit no ('niKiiliini tit'Mi- |i:iiil j| tent il 111 tn liuililiiiir up :\ t r;ni--l';ii'itii' tiinlicr limkiTa^'i' iiiiil slii|i|piii>.' liii-iiit'-<. Siii'li liii-iui-!- liii- ln'1'ii ciitirc'ly in the luiiicU of what aro rliirrty rnitrd Stnti's ci.nipiinii'-. .ind naturully they, tindinir a surplus or timlx-r for ^xpi'i'l .1 tliilr il."'r-. fonml it im .iilv niilMi;i' I iiii' to t'niiailii for -iipplii'-. l orliinati'ly thi- loinlition -him- -if;n- of ri^rlitiiiw: it-i lf. Canadian I'onipanii'S, propi'rly oniipiMtl to carry on a shipping hnsiness. arc now entering the field, with result- that cannot fail to In of In in'iit to Canaila. A ti'( nii-niious ovc rpriMliictioii of luiiilu'r on the I'ai-ilii- i'oa>t. and the dumping of tliis lunihcr abroad under iiin of •'oni|ietitioii ruinous to many of the pr.j- ilui i r- eii>;ai"i d in it, lia< re-iilted for several years frmii thr iiiioriranized -tate of the lunilifr iiiilu>try. Tl iiipitition lu>s so Ho<>de<] the Aii-tralian market from time t4> time that t'anailiaii mills have not Iieeu attraetcd to foreign trade. A stronger ol'gnniKation of I'liited States mills is now in effect, >vliii'li promises to prevent hiniher dumping. Til- Aii-tralian market is a growini; mii'. It uill IoH" i-ontinne tn lie second only to the inadian prairie as an outlet for l>riti>li t'olumhia luiiiher. It jmsfiessefi an addil' II iintmrtance. Should Oanaiia -upiily only one-half Australia's timber reipi ; , . iiient-. -In' will lay tin' loninlalioh of a |ioui i tul tin rohant mariiii' on the 1' tie, which will in turn exerei-e a pi-ot'oiind iiithiei.'c mi the dcvclopnu'iit of her ports and of sulisidinry trading aiid maritime industries. So Ion;; a- tin re lie-, m ro-- a I'ew tliou-and mile- of uati i'. a -lire marki't and that within the Kmpire, for all of \Vi'>terii Caiiaila's iii(»t < spicuous and super- fluous resources, so long fihould Canadian timber industries eo-operate in supporting Canadian exjwrting and shipping interests to secure that m.uket. ir. K. McMillan. TABLE OF CONTEHTS. PxfiE. T. Itilliiciii t' N:itn,- I'iiui.i r^ nil til.. Au traliaii Murkets '•• II. Tlic I -.'ot' Timlii i- ill Australia 1-^ ill. TimlxT liniK)rts of Australia 1" IV. Manner in which Importation of TiniU'r is ilaiidk-d V. Discussion of Australian Imports by (.'lasses SI VI. Canada's Position in Australian Timlier Imports 68 VII. Future Possibilities ''^ Kallinif Kurri Timlwr. CHAPTER I. Influence of Native Timbers on the Australian Market. Aii-tr.ilij lip 1.1 till- iirc-i iit liiriii-lii il tlir in — t i iiili. ti m n! ,.v, r-r;i- iiiiirki t iiviiiliil.!.' t-r til.- I'-r. -i i.i-.Mlurt< ..f tlir K-ii-lii- tir r. -i..,,. Tlir t-t^il rxp .ri- -1' luiiilM i- (iiliiiost wlwilly Dimjfliis iir) I'fniii tli.- N'-nli I'liriii.-" t.i An-tnilia duriiit;- ilf \s',H f„ Irtir. inclusive was " " M m " i I'. , i. iiii|>"rtiiiit !is thin (Hmsiinipti.m nf DuUfilas Iir iniiv liavi- In't n. it mn>\ h,- yi-^.n-Ari] only as the prclinlc to n steadily frrowiiiiar jrri-ater iloniand. Diiriii!; the in rhi.l r. I. riv.i tn. An-tnilia was Imrcly r.a.-liinK tiio threshold of her intensive niirieult'iral and indn-iiial di \ rlopnient. Meaiiwhil.' native forests of Australia mid New Zealand li-ivr h.rii -M iv,|ii,-,d l.y !iiv, l..i.'t;infr and hiiid .■l. iirinyr that they are no lonjrer aide t.i -iipply ihi- n.cd- ..f ill,- p..pii|ati..ii t.. llic -aiin- pi-Mportifmnfe extent as formerly. 'I'll,- y.Mi-ly iinp.irN h|' I)i.iii.|;i- ilr in An-tniliii iin- ii-.w i-ipial to the annual eon- i-ii!iipti..ii ..f llii- w I ..n ill,- CjiLidi^iii I'niirle. Allli-ni;li tli.- Canadiiin Prairie ruii~iiiM]il|.in ,,|' |),,ii(;l:i- tir limy .;i-,.\v I -r r:ipiilly tliiu ill.- Aii-tr:ili;iii .-.m-iiinp- li.iii diii-iiiii th,- iiiiiiiediiiti- I'uliin-. the- iiiid. rl.s iim' i>i-.i-pei-l- I'nr ^rruwlh are -iii-li ni Aii-ii-alia that the i-hiiid (-..lit iiinit ^li..iil.l lilt iiii.-iti-ly offer a fe'reatcr market for luiii- hcr than may I \|M-i-ti'.l .m tl..- ( '.-iiUHli.ni I'raine. A i-(.iiipiirativi-ly small an-a ..f Aii-li-alia. al..|i:.' tla- s.iiithu-.-T.t and ea-t .-..ii-l- only. is providt^tl with merehantahle tiniher. A larp. pr..p. i-ti..ii <.f the ..ri-iiial l..n-sl has lieen destroytnl. Sueh merehantahle fort^-t as reiia:iii- is i-..iisir and the hi(rh eost of logginR and 11,11111 t;i.-t nr. . 'I ll,, I'.ii-,--!- Aii-irali:i .in- aim, .si wholly mix.-.l hardwoods hi-louging chiefly to llii- i iii-alyptii- or aiiiii ami a.-;i.-ia .T l..,-ii-l lamili.s. Tin. I'l. rests (.f Aii~tr;ilia in .li-ni. l- rival I'a.-ilii- C.a-t l'..ri-t- in ~ize ami clear h-iiffth, uf irc-s ami am.. nut of timli. r pc-r acre. Tli,- km l i Ir. r.-.i. Ii .i li,-ii;lit of thri'e hundred tVct with a clear h'upth of one liundn-.i nn.l , iL;iii> ll.iili the Ui-rri of Western Australia, the messniute td' Viet,.ria aii.l N, w S,.iilli W'al.-. and tin- Line sum of Tasr-niiiin frtiiueiitly produce one hnmlri.l ami lilty t.. tw.. liiin.ire.l tli..n-aii.l feet [M'r acre. Kxeeptiianil instances are rcH'orded wlu-rc karri has scaled three hiimlnsl and sixty thousand ft^^t per acre. Sixty or seventy »p,.--, --i ii:; ill,- -aiiie ipialilii- e\,-,pl i ii- .liiialiility ha- bull eMin-i\.-ly expert. ■,! f..r raiitta.v. .ai-riaii.- hiiiliiiiiy ami imliistrial piiriieses. Other Kiiiii'. iri.iil.ark ami tnrpeiitin,. -Ir-ii-. |.,r,-d.> resistant and dlirahh*, find an a.-li\.- expert .leiiiaml l'..r piliiiu ami iiiariii. v\..i-k-. i'lic iiiiinerous species, while uniting in the ,-,)mni,.ii ,iiialiti. - el' ii, a\,\ ii;lit ami hardness, priwent a tri'mendous ran«i' ><\' ,-,,loiir and natural w..rkin(.' |.r,.pertic«. Although many Australian tinihi rs as indieated above are unex •■Ih-d f..r rail- way sleepers, wharves, piling, paving and iudtistrial uses where great strength, hard- ness, durability and toughness arc de«ired and whore great weight is not nn important • BrittBh Columbia, Washlngtmi nnil Oregon. 10 TRMtK .i\n < u\nn:nrf: ilisa.lvniitH(.'o. none (.f fli,.|,i :,r.' so suital.l.' m-; conif. r..r l„nl,ln,„ , i , , i ho t..n.l,.,,..y ot nil Au-,n,i,:,n u 1- ,„ „„, ,.,„„.k ,.,h,.,.,1v. ,h. diffieultv of "iMiilM T „t >,„.,■„ ■. n,„l iIr. ,..xtr..ni..!.v ini.x,.,l rhanM.t.-r ,.f th.. tort-sts. I 111' l.'irtrc rcimilM-r nl' ^iimi-l.x \n i. _ _ ■ ■ ■('M-nnii|(r trr.lt- I 1. l.u-,. :,u,MlM.r nl s,«-i..s in the fonwt. ou..h n.|,.iri.,tr ,litr..r,.Mt .. Mt hi,.-. r..M,h-r,.l It i.np„>..ihle for th.- .mall ..o„,„rv .Mills, whi. h i.r •h- .h...u..tu- lumlu.r .-uf. t., „ro,Krl.v mark.-t th.- titMln r. Altl,,,,,. , a t. w i,„„..,-t ,nt SP......S app..ar ■„ sj-voral re^Mons, oa.-h .,f th.. ...an.v h.,nl„.r |„.,„ ' iir;:;;t:;sr'a;^r;;;•;,;;-;:■.:/-::.,;;;- ' ; . ' ..i.^ .,.!.:., . „. „„.,.,.|,:,n, :,!.:,. ,„r,.>t an.a hav.. this forost hotween them i.r. a, "i ^„n'rr'' " M.,m„it.v. on,. .,f wh.we .-hicf imjustries is th.> M „, ,,„ „. ,„„ 1,,.,, ,„,,„„■, annually .H. t..,.t ,H>r h.'ad „..r y.-ar of E„ro,K.a„ a,„l ru, U ■att,.,. r,.„t hatt-n. an,! j„,>„-r.v. The „ative woo.J., tl,„„d, .l,. t. ■ iidnstry oriwinat...! in th,. ia,-,-.,l, ,,mI k ,,.,i r,,,-,. , .,■ u , C staniis of tl„. >. ; . , ..| \\.~t,rn Aii,t,.al,a « her., pur.. SLPPLEMEST TO WB^F.KUY BULLETIN 11 Tl... la.-k ..f su, l> M.n,nf.. lurin- rlii. ir.i. y s., lmnai.-ainH.d the use of the best ,.f th- K.-t. rn An-tn.li.., u.-,ls I., th- i.r. s. nt that .■v. n it. tho.o .■nsos where pi'bhc ...rvi.-s. s>„ h as railway .„rk sl,n,,s hav .l...i,v.l t. s.ntal.l.. .u.tjy.. >„, m quantities of o„e to two n.illio,, iVn t y, ar. th. y Lav,- to,„,.l rs.-.My .l.th.M,U to assuml of a .leHnife annual ,-up|.l,v .nanula. t,nv,| to tho n. ^ ~,n . ^i.oi. s aru spoeifjeations. Like ditKeulti..s. .•NiH ri..n.-ea hy oth. r h.rge l.ujvrs as wvll as by tlm raU- r..u.ls. have seriously affect,.! tho marketing of the lH>st of the timbers and afforded opportunity for foreign eomjictitioii. . , •, ■ i , ;„„ Th<- Coven.ment of the State of Vi.-toria lias n,.tall, (l .tat. ,iry kilns an.l P a..,n« nilU wla r.. tl„ ,.ro,lu< t of the hieal hardwuo.l is seasoni'd an.i numutaeture.l into -t„„i ir.ii/o.l tl.orinjr at a fixetl .-hwrire. The objeet is to provide a standardized native ,, n. 1. lor rol.lio works and to ,„.-oura«e private enterpris,^ to put in niodern s«-ast.mng ;.,„1 n,anuta.-,uriMK plants. Tla re are not over ten dry kilns in the whole of Australia. ISOKTWOKIIS OK Al STK.M.IA. ■|1„, „,ltw 1-. ol Aii-tralia. whirl, would atTor.l the kei'iiest eoiniK'tition to im- „„rt,.l snltu U an. v,.a I, w in ^ io. and lin.it..d in ranfre and -luantity available f„rrM>loilati..M. A.ido ir..n, a tow .qnaro n.il, - of lln..n pino in Tasmania. Australian ,„|-,w Is aro liMnto,l ninon-ially to ,■, „„para t i vrly Mnall MUantitios ot hoop pine, l.rown pipe. Bnnya Hunya pino a.al kauri pino. Th.-o tr,.,.- not lind a~ wnle a rantie „f usos as the iinportod s,.ttw i< and .lo not oxist in laruo ,.non^ h Muantitn.s to ,.N,.r- . is,. an important inlluonoo on inark.-ts. Tlu'se pin.-s aro found . luoilv u, Now N.uth Wall's and Qii.^-nsland s., s.-attere.l over inao.v-iMo aroa- .1 -untrs a.^ to ivn.l.r their exploitation sh.w and eostly. The total stand i. . -fiu.at, d 1.. i ..en tlinv and four billion feet and tl«> animal eut at two hundred million fe,.t board nu a.uiv. The eost of produeinn timlH-r is so great in Australia that in ii..riiml tim.'s In.th I),,n-la- tir aii.l I'.altio spru.v sell for less than the native woods. •|1„. tir.- railn.a.b'.! to tb.. .'oast must bo t,a„-,ort. d by >l,ip to tb,. uiark..t at an ...-ean fn-iitht rate e,iual t,. ..ne-lmlf the normal fn iul.t I no,, \ anr..uvor to Sy.ln. y. Th.- units both of h>winK and manufacture have Imimi small. 1 b.'iv ar.' v. ry f. w ,lriv..abl,' stn.am-, and none of the hardwooiLs will float without ass.stan.-... 1 bis f,,.,,„ ,„l,i,„.d will, Cn.wn lan.ls b-frislati.m in the eastern states, which restriete.1 ,1„. b.iblin- availablo f.o- auv on,- mill to as s- all an area as one th.msand a<-res and .. ,vo ,.nlln,. ri.1,1. .o, tbi~ an a for -Aon y,.. only (as is indi.-ative „f_ .•..n.htions in .\.>w South Wal... and VI. to.la, ba- ba.l tl,.' . Ib'- t of r.-n.l.Tin« nnprii.-tieiihle nillls .iiltini; ..ver l.'. dOO t.. JO.diK) f...t ,lail> iia. ity. I, win 11 uu,ts for mills of this tvp.. eoubl not bo ,l..v,.I.,p...l ..n tin. < I ■ non,i.-al -.-al... N-at,.rally wh.Te the units .;f m,innfa,.tun. a> . .all. . v . .-y -b^.-p.. -hat of tn,n-,.on i,a. l..^s t., t tniU. the produ.-t to th.. railn.a.l. as w.ll as .-awinj:. n.n,an,.la..tur,nfr. .Iry.u^', and s,. l.UK. is .lispr..iK.rt innately hifrh an.l in many imiH.rtaiit details of pro.lHcti..n the ,.ffl.'ien..y is la'low par. . . . ,. .,, The waste in nianufacturilift liar.lwoo.l l,iiub,.r in Au-tialia ,s t. rrili... Im.w un is apiM'ar to realiz." on over fifty per cent of the h>tt s.-ab-. au.l in many inst. s tl„. ,v,i.t,. ..u l..ps n-a.-binp the mill^ i« «ixty ,n-r .-ent. Th- wast,. ,s ,lu,. t.. ,.|,...-ks. d,.f...tiv,. b..art. ^rnni s.-aiu^ and p...-k.-ts. poor manufacture and b.ss tbn.uKh .■hocks aial warps wbib- s.-asoiiint; in Ibe yard. 12 TRtPE .4V0 VOMMERCK I'l w mills in Au>triilia I'lin imt hiiiilMT on liio market for l>er thousand and iiv»'. I'iir iiv. iMfjp cost is niiidi' up iis fuliiiW:-: — Jro-""^" *nS: KniMlit to iiuuka anil si'lliiin _L Total »» 1 , i,i;iM.v iii-i^ - til.- .-..-t r. :i.-li. ~ .f i:.. Thcs.. lire fur rouKh lumber and ^try. AnM M. Pitolll < Tlo\ N\Tivi: 'riMiir.i! IN Ai stkm u i AND 1913. Il.» \ Wli S\W \ ). Stut.-. Wfttiii A\l-triil Ne'.- Soutli Wall ^.'-.tf-^iisland Vit^tdai-ti.7:<".iii"i lIKl, 411S,1IIK1 c.it.riWt.ium 1 :«,84l.«i»t 1 13t, \\v< ill. I.v IiiiiiI.mI, probally ""t "ViT tliree or fimr million acres carrying forty billion te. t ..t' tiiiil.. r. .V lartfc pi..porti..ii ..f this tiniL.'r i~ ,-itnat.d at a coiisiderahle di-taii.v rr..in rail- roails, much of it in M-.itt. n .l nr. as whieii niiiy n.it jr-til'y r Mlr..ii.l !. nil. litis;- for a jiiviit in.iny years. Th.' ni.i-t iiii|.iirlant areas ..f tlii- -il'i.- w , .'■kul.l.' tiinh.'r ari. in W.'stcr.: Australia. ;!.(MMJ miles by water ami in a.Milion. on tin averatr.'. HMt miles by rail from the Australian centres of timber eonMiiii|.t 1..11. 1 iie m \t tno-i itii|..iriant areas are in Tasmunia, 400 to flOO mil<>s by water from the ma.'kets. The water f n itrlits on Tasmaniiin timber are stated in normal times to be *T.2<) l>er thousand feet, almosl /'/7,M/A\7' ■/'( ii f./.A/.j III i.i.rri\ 13 as niiu'll as trmn IJritisli ('(iluniliiii. Tlie remaining furot i^rl■a^ ni iniimrtanc-e in Victoria, Now South Walc-i and Quoensland will average over 100 miles by rail from tho nearest markets. i'ii>siiiii.i I n.> 111' riiiiDi ( Tiuv. The best of the rcniaininp Au>tralian I'.. rot is hum lieiiijr ''Ut. l''.X(MiPtint; in Western Australia, the areas of edmniereial l^n -t ar.- Iwin^' >er! .iisly overcut. Even if capital, which has not been fortunate in Australian timber, were disixised to engage ill iiieroasod ininber i)roilurtioii. lint few areas are available which could be oiK-n.-d In -nrh an cxtt iit as to atTi i t tlie annual production, unless there was a very sub- -taiili.il i iirna-f in )in'-rnl |irii-i'>. ii;rn :i-( il |irnilni't i. m i- |.i rniM ni iit ly ii..— iMi- in Wc-trrn An-tralia. Only nne- thiril. li..\vcM r. of tin- \V,~i, rn .\u~,nilia .iui|,nt tii»l- it- way \n the Ka^teni Atls- tralian inaiki t. The exports from W'l -irr.i Aii-tra!ia in 1!'U were Kxpoi M to- 1"" ' " i'- Kaston, Au.l.alM .IT.HOO.OdO ^iriii :is,i)"i»,oOO Imlia anil .\-y:un. is.nnn.nnn New Zoalan.l ' I'ni.eil KiDbilom 1 s. jmi.mho Belgium Argentine l.r.O0.M00 Others S.i m.6M T„tal Ii3,0iii),000 West Australian timber is exported chiefly for railroad sh-epers, docks, public works anil siie<'ial u>cs in railroad carriattc and ship building. The average f.a.s. value is aliont !?•".:". jur thcnisami feet. The freipht T.OOO miles to liie Easrern Australian niarkrt i- aUoiit >;1l'.-"0 per lliou-anil. l''i'r tlii- na-on the Wi'-t .\n-tralian forests liroilneiiif.' harchviiods only are not likely to seriou-ly eoiiipete with imported -oftwiiods in the important Adelaiflo, Melbourne and Sydney markets of Eastern Australia. si mmm;v. Ahhoiif^li lar-r .p'^'H'i'ies of tiinl.er e\i-t in --tralia. it is not -o suited for treiieral buildiii!.'- pnrpo-i- a> are the iniiiortcd -oft\v thi' .0-1 of plai-ini: it on tlie market is more tlian c'loal to tlu' e.i.f. i>o~t of fhi> iinporti>(l wood- and is likely to increase. It is to he expn tod that wliile .\n,-tralian woods will eontinni' to be exported for sleep<>rs and other special uses and will la' used to even fireater e.xleiit for inferior finish, flooring, furniture and mnnufaeturing in Australia, softwoods, the chief of whii-h is Douglas fir, will i'..ntiinie to Im' imiKirted in increasing nuantities and pro- portions for the needs of the population. 14 CHAPTER II. The Use of Timber in Australia. i;.».si,mi,l\uH of l.iimhrr TImh. r h, \ usi ,;>! i.i . lUI-i. l'-. . 1 It A! Willi.'. -, 1,1 ...HI $li!.">"»,'- ■ "T'liiMi nun -,^11. Mill liiys^ ■ ■ • I-,-, nil" mm f l.ii;il>.:;iMi Total 1 A Th..nv..rn.,.n„.n,nl ..,.,.-,ni,.,>,in ..i n.muf.Hinvil mnli.-r ,„ r ,„...„„ , i- „,it .o ^u-M n,i,ht 1 M..--a in . m v. ,.„„„„•> ,1„. ,,,,,m1:,,i.. ..lU f wl ; .ro fairly ..l,..U...l viM, ,. s. Tlii. .-,,,1, ,1,,,-. -.li 1, i. ... ,:,:„ a„.,l Australia i. a..>.itn,.. nf .r,-,- i- ,1„- r.n:„lK,„ !'---.-;'\. ' i T ,-ni.ni.. ..ai,mi;r M^.thiT l.an iy U i-r .vnt „l th- ,i„,iu,an.in ..t "'"'"tI,.. .n,nu-,l ,,. v . . |.i.a i-..„-un„,ti.in of w.iii.l in Australia, asi.l.. f. railway si...;,'.;", is IT. .hi. nl ,,.r -apita .■on.ump.inn on th.- tn...l..^s Cana.hau """i',;,:' Mn'.,.. .W s^aH.. ....nM,„M.ti.,n ..f tin,....r •'l'.:,':i'::.Hli.,i„.n. ami ,l,..i.l.,,,n„.,„ ar. ,.r .■■li,.. -.. ra,,i,lly in Au-lralia as in Cana.la. with tli. n-ult tliat a n,u,-l, -mall, r |.r..|.- :li..n ..1 n-w lanlil,,.^-. 1 ra.,-,.. .r, a- .|a;i\ . ti.m fai'ilitii-s an.l imlilw wi.rks aiv i i-...-tr.l Aln.o-t iwi.-tiltlis .,f tl... i«.|.ulatiun ..I An-lra,:a liv, - in -ix nln-: 1. l-. r ■■.•n .a tW t..-il ,...|inlati.in livLs in towns .•ontainint;- :!.U.K. ,,r n,...v |,.r-,.,i-. Iln- nrban tli.> tii' il iiii|inlatiiin iivi.s iii m.«ii- . .m.. ...... ..>. . . n- 1 ,.,.,n>la on .lo -s nut r.Mnirr t!,.. sam.. pmiMirti U.- nninlu r ul si.parat.. iluvl.ini^- an.l „„iliuil,liMsrs as an a;:ri..uh,nal i..iliulat= m. Sul.stituU- ar.. ,.v..r.vwl«.r.. us.-.l >n a t'r..at. r i.ro!>'>H i.m by an urtian than liy a rural i-uiMilatinn. tiiw wiiiiiuA iii'i sr>. Ovor !>: |..'r .-.•nt i.f ti.o |.. |.ulan 1 An-lralia i- ..I Unti-I. .1. nt. I l,i- Furi.iH.an iiMpnlatiou has transplant. li AuMralia a Kiir..|...an lypi- ..t i...n-i.; tl;.' w.irk.nan-s .-otta.'o of Lon.l.m. iJinninulian. ,ir M.n. h, r l,n..k walls, ti .■ ..r .r„n r..il ,n,il pla-ti r lini^h .•nv..rs -i.li.l squar.- inil.s ,n A.l..la,.]i., .\ ..ll...arn. ami Syiln, .s. No ,i;-tiii. tly \ii«tralian typ." of IHiihlinK' has Ih'i.ii dcvoliip...! .as in llu' ..I anail.i i ,w liiMiilivil vi ars iin tliis t..r..st...l ..ontiM..nt ha.s ..volva.! th.' vm.."}. n l.uililinL'. \V1m II ,'..i,-i.l. l in- Ih.. ..rr.-ilnn of a n..w ir.iihiinK thi' Canu.liau thinks i„ t. nn- of „„| ami th.' An-li-aliaii thinks in I. Tin- of hrick <.r stone. Th.; .m.' s.'ar.-hi.s for tii.- . „„1. ih,. i.lh. r -1 ir. I'.'s for th.- -nlislitut... ... 'I'll ■ -mall r,.iir-.inaiv f.ii r. .p. an typi .,1 i.ri. k .t -nair .luoliim; i- aiiapl. .1 i,. itia r t,i tho hut Australian -iininu'r .■linial.. n..r p. ih.! hioa.i Australian -pa.vs. A typo ot tinih.-r.^«l l.unf-niloNV wouW he cooler, mor.. livable, bt.tter lo.ikinjr and w..uhl cost le.<*. srrri KMKST ri» wuhki.y hi u.Kri\ 16 a 1 Tlii- ipfcd l-i i lrt-. w liiTi- hll'lll ll'ill lilcl with iTtiiiii iiiati'riiil is cvcu tliri>uj{liiiut tin- niiiri' fninu itl.\ i-k tliiiii utliiTwisi', tliout;!) «■.!;;■ 'II. 'I ll,- I jniri' - ■-. 'iii|ii'rtiil llij;lli r t • tliir. Ii 'irl. t\\:\\ li III. iIm' Ph. Ill U'V tlic'lii :iiiil till' lirii-k: mil cl tiiili~i liy ii;.'lii r I ■1 11.' . I iiiilii r luis I. liiiil'i r ill Au^tiMlin prrN.' il llir pii~iiiii> r ih ii'.nii.il liiiii- •(■II -T*!.'! !■! ■•>i;."' i"T IIm.ii^;i:iiI ii' <| il- t.'ri :ili-r ii-i r .r ImiMiiipr r ir ,-itli, T r'.i iiiiliv.' till' • .;l-t |i .i .it- .1 :<\ •■ 111 -iiliTlllil.v ir iii.niy Imild.T- fon-:'fil for 1.—- tluni rtut -., tlion-Mii.l. A l.i i. U li .u-r i- iir-uiill.v Ic.iilt iit 11 lit' ^:<* |MT riiim. Till' r.»t 1.1' 1. milling ii «u..iIim Ikhi-i ..f ili.' -nine t.vpt- is. li;iii l,v 111 |«T <'f It Ic-s. i; '.\izt;ii ili'iv nixKHiNc. • iiilv fi'iii'' IrlM- t,, ,• ■ otiii- , ; ,-.,tt;ii;.- . ::;i'\";iii 1. 1 II II I ..I |MII |i Wil- w i ! I i|' I with ;l I 'i: V. ill iiL.k.' :i Tin' i|ii;nil il.\ ir.iM i- thf ciiiiiiiiiui iiuiti-riiil fur fovriiKj >iifl'iii-i-. uhctln r it In- ;• -iiliii r. Wlu'i-f .•i.iiiiiiiiii IiiiiiIm r w.mlil W umiI in CinuKhi tor tiiilit r ...t-. r iiitiiif.' iir -iiliiifi «iiri li'iii-i -, \vork>lii>iw ur .iflicr i xli'ii-ivi" ' ir^ n i- ii-cil ill .\ii-lr:ili:i. Tin- rn-t -Ji'i-ts.wtisf triilviiiiizoil irmi t, i t lit ill' ■■iiii'i' iik till' win- nil . Ill s.'iii. TI o>t of liiiiili.r. iii.'lu.liiiL: .Mr:! hMiniiiy ti — ,ir.v. -iiiuilil.' for tin' -niin- -hll.v 1.--.. .\u-i|-iili:i;i I. nil. It- \'rr\\v tin- unlMini/.-.l i r. ■ li . nil-.' il :;!iI.T liiiiliir fniiiMMork. iIh> hil..iii- .-"-I of iipl.l.^ iiii; it li— mi'l i' il. i- j'.li tliiili roii;;li c iiiioii IuiiiIm r. of Killviiiii/.i-il ii'i'ii yi'iirly imp .rti il iiil i Aii-lriili;i to ii.-nl cliii lly 11- 11 -iil.;.titiiti' for roiniiiiiii luiiilK.r is iHniiil in coveriny: r-iipiu-ity t > Jiiri.tXMM)"*) t'i.t't of luiiilti'r. The iKipulatiiiii ipf Atistniliii, Im-iinsi' of it- iMiii'i'iitnitioii in c itii-. i> liio\i;.'lit umliT till' iiithn iii.c of rrstrii-tivo Imiliiiiitr rvduhitioiis to u (rrnitt r iMi iit tlinii is th.. CUM- ill any otlicr new ••i>iiiitry. As (Hiiiiti'il out ali'Vc. twn-tiftlis of tlic piipiiliitioii i- ii> tiv, iiirf i-opiilitaii areas varyiiifr in ixipiilation eaeli from l.iO.(M)ft to T4.">.(MH». Kaeli of tli, -r iire.is eoM-i-t- of a i-i iitral city a mile square siirroumliHl \,y several sulmrlian iiiiii!i.M|..i;iiii -. 'I'll.' -nl.iirlKiii iiuiiiieipalities eonlaiii the greater iwirt of the population. Tlio l.uiMlii;; hiw- f.r tl.e eentnil eity in tin i;i.tro|r(.|it.iii iiriii-, Ailihiiilo. .\lrlliounir. SmIih v lisi' of w 1. 'I'lii. -iihinliiin liiiiMiii.i;' law- p. riiiit Imililiiif;-. Tlie-e hiw- wliilo Hot -o -oM-r.. a- the iiatiM-iilly ill tho ilin-lioii of a 1.— er ii-i of wo .d, \\\\i-Vi- the p .piilati..ii alr. adv lliiiiU- in terms of -nli-t itiit.-. «ln io ilie o\prririire ot builders and an-hitee|s has linMi alim-t \vh..!ly with -iih-titiili-. wh. r. th,- niiiniifar- tnrers of .mil dealers in >nhstitiites are eon-taiitlv al wiik. and where, on the other hand, there are few tiinlier luerehants who are ii..| also -nhslitnt.' uu rehants. Then" are no wooden cities and few womlen t.iwns in Australia. The jroneral enn.-nniptioii of wood, outside the few poniiiiunitips aetuady in or near forest tnanu- fiielnrinir centres, is restrieti^l to use in tiiii.shi!i(r huildiiiprs built of other materials. 'I'll, iiio-i important uses are joists, studdiinr. rafters, roof battens, tliwiritiff and in a small, r pr..porli.m of buihlinirs ci'dinn, linin^r and weather!) lardiiifr. 'I'll, ar. a- .\el drvi lop. d few niannfacturintr enterprises in which wood is reqniivd a- a raw mat. rial. Tli.' t..tal n-.' ..f wo ..1 in fa.-t..ri..s i nsid.' from hnilditifr snppli.- aii.l in..lu.linw' l. .\i-) .1'.- n..i . n. .1 I lii.oiio.oon f. rt i...r y.-.ir. ..r a p. r eaiiita lis.- of ±2 f.-.-t ii. r aninuii. a< .■ompaiv.l with l'Jo f.'. t p. r .'apila p. r aiiiiiim in Ontario and lUi in Urilish C.lninhia. Th. percapila con-iiinpti..n .if w..od in .Vn-t'alia i- now pr..lialily ,it tli.' mininium. The eoiitiiiii...! .•oni.eiitrali. n of ih'- p pnlati t in .'iti.'- i- ..: v pM-ih!,. if maniil'a..- turins industries nre further i!.".-. !o;.-,.d v.hi.-l. in turn will l.-a. t,, an. iiiei-,.a-...l n-,. of timber. On the other Imud, a nr. ater distrihnlion of Ih.' p.ipnlation thron^rh the pouiitry ill aftricultural pursuits will also result in an inerea-sed demand for timber. I'a-c. .if the f.iiir most iinpiirtaiit iii.l l!i-i-l.aii.' i;n'atly ri'stri.-t the till' .1-. .iioii .if .1 -Ii.'.l w...M|i-n .•i iiiral app.ar t . I..- iii..vin,i:' Thi- i- 1 . I.,' I.Xp.'.'t.-.j. ll..Wi'\(T. 16 TRMtt: .4v/> < <>\i\n:Hrr. It nnv f iirlv ,M-. .-n..l tluTof-.r^. tl.nt in-r..- i.,t..>.six. ,lrv, l..|..n,.Mt o| ,1, nutry ,.. ■ ,.(• liir I' l. iti- <■..:.-(. is the ,U>vel..|.im'nt in Aiwtn.lm ot tlu- ti.nlK.ml " Thl. ;;niu.'.i'.M !.. „:uiv.. w is is so .....r the .H-ak th«t any nu-r.a^ u«e of tMi-.lH>r must \«- im-t b.v mi i-xtt lisiou of iiiit> .rts. / 18 CHAPTER III. Timber Imports of AnstralM- Tl.,. in,,"..-.- 'nnl,. r n Au-.n.li;. tnr tin >.;■!■ r.'i:; u, AisnuiuN TiMiiiii iMiM.ui.. li'i:;. m 'i v^''. I Atislniliilii l)t]irinl Fi'liiitx.i p,.,.^ ••tiaiitily. Hiiiijtli 1'iiiiUt |>ii'^ttit liiniiitT I 1- -I » k. . Sli.>.k- v. M.-. l- . .. I.:.tli- I'ictiiP- ami I'l' iiioul'liMK'" Stii%.-. I'i. k. t* Ill, k. TV Shiii;;!'- . r.t-iit uix"! D.H.r- ... . ■ ■ • ■ — .Vruhitruv'-K ;m'l niiml(lin>!« . M ft. .\1 -I- " I'it .M It. iMll I.1H. ft. ;Hi',i'f7 >•.!, 171 i;w .'i UL'7 |(>,:(:>T.ii" •J,Wn!,ii'. 111!). 4411 40, .St III 'l'>.4V< 111.,-iiW •.I I'llHI L'.U'.' I , 'ilHl U.1I7.T1-' Tla. coul.tri.- from %vl>i.-h the import timlnr trml- -f Australia is TuM U y.\ Cn muiis in VM-'.. (Aii)ifinlian Ollii inl i-'iyiin w. ' Cmitrv "f Otitrlii. " I Am .•■ i , 1 Vui.,.- i Qiiuiititv 111 I IVrii-nt j v„],„. |„.r M ft. 1 l.lt.^l Sl;lti-^. Ni « /i .iliiiiil. N,.r«:.v •I- Chllil'l.! l{iis--iu. In.lia Straits Si ttltiiii'nt" (Jtiii'iinv Ni tlM-rl:,l. !- I'llili'il Kii,j!,l"iii. *_'"».**.'.?-"-. 11*1^1 : 111. 1^7.111111 i iii.v4:ii.iniii I ■J'l (T.'i.lNHi I. -.,.sl^.i : l;(.-J7i,i« 11 II, i:f'*,i"Ki W.i.ln II 'ji',i;,iMHi I.'^I.IHtll i H.><,iillll j l."..miO '..lal. 14 4r)'J7,<«H» Il,s7»..-illll ! ■_>.ii7.'<..'4ii i l.nikini" : iCKl.'^m ; ■'L'l'.ll^'l :i";i.,"ii." ' K-).44ll ii.Mil lll,.-rf,t) 7.ii')<> l:f,.Vr2,»32 '.»< .i7 S.^i L'l 41 :i!i r.l INI l:!| i;r, .■i7 III isr> DM 1.V> SI St l'l'l.t:\lt:ST Tt W HKHIA hi U.KTIS 19 An iii.Trii,in« .1. |m ii.l. li.-.- u|h iil-iilr ~..urr.- ..f ti,nl"T -uppli' - i- HI ih I.I' im|i..rtiiti..ii ill thf i>a^t «lc.-aa.'. Kor. iKii tiiiiUr .-iilv \« v .•.nt „l vii-tr.iiiii's .•..ii.umi.tinii in Hton; l..v 1f»i:i it fillifl 4« \<*t .nut of tht- t..tnl tim»Hr II- «;iii,ttTii TiMiii.ii iMr.'iiT- \\\<> Ai-imii\ II!-. u mo:; n. I'.ti:'.. IMC. • Entity, i V»lii>'. '. liH'r l^r rent. l!ii:t..ur I . ,1,. , M ,Mf.. Kt. I! M. * Kt. r. M. * : I. . :: -mvka i."!>7.--t!> -is--' uli.-lml' - loml cf tlu' I'liil..! Stat,- in lr;iur .iu, to tli.' r,.ntrul i tluit lUitry of 1>oiib1ii> fir i-si><)rts. Ov. r |.. r .mt ..f tin- IiiihUt 111. Fiiiti'd Statt-s to Australia an> I)..ii»ili.- tir. Tlic I'liitfd Stat»^ .I '. ...<1, n si.ffwiHid of (jrovviiKT iniix.rtaiici' on the Australian market, ,i! 1 vini;' ill.' .-..niilrv"" i-X|ort i>osifii.ii. v],.irt~ t.. Au-trali:! softwoods, wiiitr and lirturi tniif. tiwtl «-xt«-ii- , ! : rtiir,'. -li. Kin-. liiiiiiu. fnrnituri' fartorirs and industriw. Tho .1 • - int.. Aii~!nill.i \vA~ tall. 11 otT hy ..viT jwr <'iMit in tho fivo . ars ! -iil.-niti f iiitlu. i:.-.- in iii.-r. M-inir t'I'o iiniM.rtati.ni of Pa.'iti'' .,;,,,-,|w... il- ..l' N' " /. .ilaipl. ' li;. ! 'f wlii.-li i- riliivi. ar.\ liow. vi-r. ! . s|.-.rl.-.l t ' Aii.lra!::i in in.-r.- i-riitf .in.mliti. - as tlic snftw.i.id ,, rii.- liar.l •. I- :ir. u-. .1 aim. -t h 1.. .lly t . .r fl. irinn and lilii ii^'. :|.i,l .-ni- ..f Niw /.alaii.l l'..iv-l-. whi.-li an- ..nl.v . -tinial.il t itaiii . ,mif,l,\ at prc-i'iit lat.- ..l' II-.'. will iir.'V. nt a ur. at in.-n a- ..I . Xi i' ■ t.. lilies- j.ri.-cs ari' snl.-t jnl i.in> iin-r. a-' .l. ■ at fa.'t.T in X.'W /faland's ira.l.- with An-tralia i- tla- A ii-lralian tantl a)ii'lyin(r to titnhor, oxtiMi.!..! to tin- si-t.-r I); iiiiiii..n. 'I'Ih- tarilT jriv.-s ■ id an advantajfi' ovor Caiiada wiiich i> in.li.Mt.d in ih.- l'oll..wiiit: tahiilar t ; - I iislnili'lit tiirtf on riimih llininls. Ta. ilT I"'!' Si I . i. s :ina I'.'umrv i.r I .l iMin. ^' H " \-.u /.,i!.,li.l ulat.- pill, ali.l li'mi *t jll I hill, D..\mlas fir aii.t spi u<- , , -. 5 4« . xt. . -ion of this tnrit orofiTciioc t.. in.-lii.l.' ..tlu r Dominions would 1«> a ill.' «:ri'ati'»t iniimrtaiicc t " tli.- Cana.lian t.'adc. S. \M'1\ \x I \\ TIMln li. X ;.im| >..., ,!. n t,.;;.'tli.'i' still supply to Australia nine tim.-s as miK-h timhiT y, ai'lx .,- .1...'- Caiia.la. Thi- li'.l.l- trii,' in >|uP' "f the fact that Scandinavian standing tinil.i'i' i- ni..r.' valual.I.- iliaii Cana.lian aial ili.> freight distan..-w are Rr.-ater. The ,|i,Tai 11'.. Ill i;a;t;, n- t-. Australia is Hi.tHHt inilus and tlie .iistance from Western Caiiailian p..rt> i- 7.1""' niil.'s. Tho Fm'..p,ans wh.. tir-t ,l,'V.'l..p.'.l \i.-Ii'. lia i n,| ■' .it. .1 lla .r " m'T sottwoods !,',,ni tl„' ,a,lv -,„„•,',■ with whi.'ii tli.'> lia.l .onn.'.'ti..u>. tl,.' \U,hu- ..lal th,' S.-andinavnni I'.'iiin-iila. Tin- tinih.T l.i'.'anio the standard softw.md ..C Aii-tr.ilia an.l ov, n y,-t it is till, .standard of .[uality for (■..ninion joinory. Tho standard ol' .iiin,.nsi..ii ml n.dii. . .i l.y the :i-in< h by O-imdi Unltii- deal ftill lingers to a certain extent. i:5f)74— 2i 20 Tini'i: IN" ' it\i\ii i!< i ,....,.,„., .ill, 111 «'"'>ii'.« " ....1., •^;'■;f::Lt™r s:;;;.]:;,;"::::!:;;-^ ::ixil::;;;lt::ult,:"tT''^rLs;r^^ iMiii tlie Hiilti"-. .I\fXNK»K l.>Ml'KTm"N. I,„..„ t. n ^, ar- .... .u,l «„ u. tW Australia.. li,ul«-r .-.M,.. 1,.- ■ < jMI.-ln. ^-v-ral uulik. Iv -n. ' 1 ra....k was U.l ,xp.,rt~ nl- inHl. r t.. A„-.r..l.., -^^ , , from (Wk arc . 'My „„ly l,y N..rw:,v an.! tl.,- 1 n,t, .1 Stat. . • 1 ^^^^^ Maritime l'r..vi.ui-«. l^T .v..t l>..„Klu. t,r a.al tu-nty I'V ■ ' " " ' i„,,-...liM-ti.m to the Au«tr..li..» Tlio tru.lp in the latt.T ha- 1.. . n , i..m-1> i-l ' ^ nmrk..t of .lapaneHC pino a.ul i'a-,!..- < h. u.. .hh -I s, ;, a„.l I'a.-iti.- l>.>rt., Kussias i-xjwrt* of spn'-v au.l I'n... 'I 1" 'I" , i:;!;. s:;;;;Lr^^.::i';:,. l,,„.lu I- vvlii. h will not Ih> n fa-'tor in tlu- tra.lr. ,„„„,.-t tl„ 1),,,.;, til,. M i-t •i..ni.l.. important r.'a.l.Iii-I..M i.l- l':'v- tak. pl:" • n • tin ;;•::':,,!!;;.■ :; At,nk. ti.nW ana i,, tl..... r..a.lj.M,„...i,. . aiiaila. -ha,v of tl... Iia.l- ka- ,k.. >va-...l l-th in Iiro,H.rtio„ a.ul totnk L, Mi.i;i. lMfoin> INTO A. mkm iv ^ -'i nthif-'* 'n Omiiti V >•( OiiL'iii. I^U.llltilV Ml ,,| IV. t 1! .M T.-lul Valui- perMft.B.M. lllit.. ri,.v.c.ri".»'> KlO,4<"l 2B1.77'.t r9,l»77 17f.,HlI.7'.t2 l* I'ts. 1 ! .M> •J,a»ii.-.'7H 1 1 •_•!» l'.l".7."".l VI :).■..:<■-' t . 4 17.\1«>-"' 3 172, 15!) 2(i.827 r>,77'.t '.1,427 4,3;o.05:t !< eta. 22 98 22 ."il :it 17 11 :(.". ;i.i k:' ;a 1:; 22 11 .->2 V ■i ll.. iii..-t -trikiii:;- f. atiin ti i. s il- till- hijJ i-'aiii hkmIi^ L.v : ami <'aiiaila, wlii.'li l"-' <'anass tlia Canada and v«.ssc»scn cmharrasf>injJr pf>s.-ilii (■ til.- -hifti' y all til.' li'a.li ■ivily, .N. w / ■<■■■ l.i.-h will li.. .. 11 >' ' 'i |i,.i-iali/.iii^ iira.'li'-allv ii.'W tho trade iinionjrst the vaii. ii- .-..1111- , : . •..miK'tinp, cxcopt .N< \v Zcalan.l 1 pxhaustion nf .supply and )„ , .-.•■..•den has hirftcly increased I, ,,t . the cxpitrt of dresst>d ,,.,,„. l,|.,.|i ,.|,..iied up in the : (- ,,,, iici' . XiL.rt.- to Australia, . ,.! ; .l. velopmont. has rpBchei>'. IJ.iiilfli luiiib r N, « /.•aland \- ■■ ■- 1 ii, il |iiiiil»-r. I )«»iirx . StiiM riniifli I'iiket* SliiiiKliK • llitkoi>- (iimlrii'»«t). . fwt . . . . • ■ ■ Ari hitravt^ ni.:- ,U!'..1.>' ' •i<>,777' :i2,(Ui'>^ ir.,7>;i \ t,.-.:4' 4,4<;4j I |-1.41f.| ;(.s7.."'(>i l,4lMi la'.i.iMi'.i' .V.1i,il'.l», ias,o>«<| .,4:<7,'."til 80,37H \„ „-,li , 1- , ,li-tril.i..inu P..i..t frn.n whi.-l. tl... Pa.-ifi.- I -hM.l- ^'^r mm,^ •! will, tiiiilM i- Tin n . s|'' ft- iiiM-rtr.l ' ililn r nn. .Ill t.tl tu -. ; V ,,• Tin- tr i.l.- i- i...t lik.'lv tn :,-ui.ir importni.t pr-i-nrti-n-. til., voluiiif ill 1!M:1 by n.untrip* "f ontnii. U .TS OK OKHTUX M.M , ^. .11111. Tou. K .M'. A. STBAUA, lOlH. Ar.oUDIvn To ColXTUY Of O.tK.IX. I Aii^lntli'iii Otli' iiil l-'i'jurfs.) ('..umiy 111 Origin. Valii... r. 1 ■■■lit t.'t.ii. I'llil' cl Stilt.- . . ttellliallV . . Strait- Si ttl.'m>-iit< Caiiaila N< trw ay I'liit. 'l Kint:.t"u.. . >,.'\\ /.. alaiul Swidin Ni therlaiKli' ... Friino' T..tal . .i4 5<'>,i'ili> 43.:i44 ■ l-.'.4«o i",7r>i> '.1.744 1,15-.' 1" ,1„ , , x, luMV.. .■..utrol now poss-.s.-l l.y that t-onntry of Au.-traha: unpurtatHm, i;.,;;: ,,i,.U..,: an,l sIu,.k1... an,l to 0... important int)„..n«. ...x.-r.-,...! on the Buppl.es of stavi'.« antl mouldings. 22 ritADH VnMVf.RVF. Hii»i;iV cxiM.rt- of iiiaiHifa. turfil woim1> ii j;... '!- t,. Austniliil consi.-ts only of thrce- piy aldiT. biri'li iiiul ciittiinwunil vcnwr, iiriiicipMlly altlor. (iiTtiiaiiyV trii.lc was two-thirils in picture and room lih iililiiiys, in wlii.U >hi' lifM a I'linnnanflinjr position in X\w Australian market, and i.m-tliird in tlim-ply ;ildiT vi'noer. CaHnda, wliil.' -t;in.|in!; iMtli r pniportioiiatt'ly i" nianufafturod goods than in InnibiT. I- n. v. i-tii. 1. " :\ poor fonrtli -.wuX witi- it not for !>ox shooka would be still l.,\vi-r oil \\u- li-t, Tlio nio-l iiii|".ri;iMt ii. iii- troui (':in;ida in this class of ("xports, aro in iho ordor ot t'noir iniport:inoo l.ox >liooks. .-taviv. aii:i l„.ll.- . . . 1 Dm,.,, L".s,:ijr, Stioi- . (pii'ii'sij •j:i.">.tH'J P'lk.ts (iL'll.lKtt Sliiiii{l''< . . . dill, ft.ll 2 T.st.IV'l Anliitiavi > . ... tii,o.^7 Latli- . . . . , . (pilTfr-l 2.(i2s,:',i;t) I'l. k.t- i:ti.;!i2 Slii,,;;!. , 1,2(10 :t,iK)() (|iiece»)l 13,22."> d'moi. ; t.-i Stavi'S . . . , .tpii'c")*! 2,121 .\rt'liitniM's Iliii. f' 1 ^ HI Staves . . .(pifctt ■ a, ISO Tilt -how- that Canada has not shared to any eMent in the immense firowth import- of niannfaetori-d wooil fiiuuU. Canada's :-i.iMind ten years ivfto ■d t.. an nn.-ertain fonrth p'.a.-,. ami lias lic-ii pastel hy Kussia and n,:,n.>.T in whirl, tiinl-r is inuK.rf.l. sold nnd di.tri\mt,.l in An^.n.li. >nust i'xiii>rt tradt*. msTHIBl TION OF IMPORTS BV PORTS. l.-,„.l, ,,n.. ,lrnw- tl„. Kn-aU-r part of its suvplic* from nl.nmd throu^'h one ,K.r.. iis is iiidii-iiti'd ill the tollowiiitr tnl'lc: - DLSTRim-TION OF .V.STUAI.IAS l.MPOUTS BV IMPORTIN.. SlALKS, l'..!:'.. SUtfx lur|iiirtiiig. Wi st Aiistralm . . . Tii'iiumia Totiil.. I,iiiiil»r liii|«iitinR IXfWcaMtlt*. ■ Mi-Uiuurnf X. w SiHitli \V»li«. . Vict..n:i .Siutli Au»ti»U,i pl' l'i'it- Kit'iimntlf . (ienililt.'ii. HiiUiit T.auiic''stnn. llri«Waii»' . . . . Pi r c i iit < 'Ui.ntil \ . .(i(io 43 lH3,0jl,i"«i : 4'i3,450,T0(t T|„. „nl, r ..r tl,.. .tatr. thry stuml at presotit aocmling to .puu.t.ty of i,„„. , t;.., ' .•...l> i- liU. ly n.nu.in nuAnu.,.A. E«<-h state has gr.at undovoloM , r/i „„i u,.,,l- ..ulv li.r iullux nl' ,-.pital and population to gn-atly ..i<-roaw ,ts lumlK.r ...'l-<;: , : i,,,,an. .rovvth. Th- dev..lop,m.„t iininil>ortaiit, art' UU' I> m. _u .i i i \,, tr ili-i in tli.' nc t ..f areaB and ,1. .-apid run,„u. up -|;;; ; ^'^ t , I.L; hnvo lipen more often coMM'.ni.'nt upon nunmt; a. -l ;;' str-^JhoniiiK of the timhor demand and tl,.. .liv.i-Mon ..l n.u na.l.. f. .i .aw port ?hi i pS^^^^^ true of the northern seetion of th u„n,..n,al e„a>,. .,x thonsand vSh," l.i.dv now from liri>hane to Oeraldton ,eee.. > n,. .Mnh. r ;>">• ' ta>„ . „. .,rea. n.inins boom huild up « Kr-al tunher ,leunnol la, v, .he ,.„w.h ol pa.toral. seini-tropieal and tropieal agneulture and alh. d ,n,ln-..,-,..s „i„ ,., ,„ „,, provide a market. This great rcK.on, ...ua .n .,rea to h- wh-j o , , ,. II l-,..v..,l l.e iwittl in resourees to the hind tributary to tlie ol p.,pulat. .l ( anada. helie\e.l M P. ';|twn'^»'_,|; „„„„|,„i..n. a la.'k . 1.1 lei :.l n. >|..w i.. ^tllil' i.t Mi'.xi.'... at p-.-.i.i ii-i - whii'li inn.-l ev.'iilnally l.e ,.vi.|-.-..in.'. All tii.'se po.-t> .,an,. .l i,, ' h. I ,;,,u,ei.st.i.,, whii'l, rar. ly taU,' l"'"' alm.ist wholly hy timber, solely beeause of laek of popiihit l...vi. table, ex.eptiii!.' (ierablton, llobart and in >teainer earffo lots, are in normal times fiup- ,,.,,t^ 'Pile thne ports named as exceptions. U^l^nriheiriimite.! demand, are u:mally supplie.1 l,y sailing vesse^ ain^ to a IS i.!t bVtr«n.hipme«t. There i« a strong po«.ibiHty. h.wtnor. that a. d«n ands .1. 24 rrnin: AMt nnniriirK iiKTi :!-!' ill .\u-tiMli;i. 11. .ir. .i~ nii.'ii ii|i, :iM i-lfarptl :iv,:i.v. iIkiI iiijii> . ..ii-iN i-. |...rl- \( ill j.p.vi.li' :i liiiirki t l"r -infill lot- of tiiiilnT. sui-ll lis 1„ , io|,,i,-:illy -ll|.|.li,.| l.v -.^lilill- V>,,.1- .MlTvill;; .Ml--or- oT t ll n ■( -, ) ll;l VtcrM ,,, ,,,„. l,;,lt iiiilli..n. 'I lii- In .11 ll,.' . ill X. w /,. ;ihni.l. »lii.-li in |.r..iioi-ti..n to ;ir, :i i- 111. .IV iiitrii-.l.\ 1 1. 1. .| i ! lliau A ii-l I'll I in. anil i- lil^lv l.i In- tlir i-il-c ill Aii-ti-.ilia. Sli.iiil.l tlii> .|. vt l..].iii. Ill o. i iir III. ir-ii.l.. will provitlo n wiilor iniirkot of «.lii|i|o.vmt iit tor till, motor <;iil vi ~-rl> iio« ImililiiiK- HlM\i; MKTIIiins. Till' 111. r. li:iiit- wli.. nil' till' :ii liiiil iiiiportrrs iiiiil i-arry in sfoc-k the routrli iiiul .|r.--. .1 luiiil.. 1-. Iiitli. -hiiiuli-. -liiM -. |.i.-U. t> mill otlicr (Mmiiiioditirs. arc ki'itt in touch \\;tli til.' loi-. iLMi ].r...liii-. r. \ili. tli. r l' ur..|.. jn. Kii^-iaii. .lapaiirso or North AniiTicaii. |..\ 1-1 -i.j. Ill ;ii;. iil-or l.i-..k. r- ill Aii-i I'liliii. Till' trrni- ..ii u lii.-li tin- hittor ilo Im^iincss ai'.' vari.'.l, aial in tli - .'a-.' ..I \..rlli An . la.-aii liniin r p.....!- . -|.. . iall,v. aro rliaiiiiiiiL;. I'-uall.v the n-iil.iil r..iiiiiii--i..ii li..ii-i' ..r inai, in An-lralia. v\i,-u .l.alini; wi I li I iinlirr oilu-r ili.-ni N.'Vlli Am. ri.-.'ii. that U. i:ml«-r fn in ■• •lii.iri.- wh n Hi- |.r...|ii.-iioii i- iiot f;iTal. r than tli.- .1. iiiaial. i- ;n:i iil loi- .■■■rlain |ir..iliiri r-. >. II- tli.' i.i-.i.lii. l ol' n.. otlior coiiiiH litivi- mill-. ..ii.l i.a- llif M.li. >.-liiii« rin'lit 1'or tlio mill- li. r.'|.r.'-. nt-. In this f»>f till' mill in Swo.li n .I.m-. it- ..wn .'Xii.irtinf.'. makrs il- ..un Ir. i.i^lit arranp'- iiii-iit>. iiiiil <|ii..t, - .-.i.t. tlii-..ii!:li it- am at. Tlii- «a- ..hit trii. al-.. ..f tlm Aii-tra!iaii inii>.irt> from tlif .N..rtli I'a.-ili.- i- a-t. At a tiiiio wlini ..v. r-i.r...la.-l;..n \\a- ii..t great, the himlxT was all rarrinl in -ailin;;' vosols. ami mill- iliil tli. ir own i liait. riiiK. At that liino tlio iiniiortiiiji in Aii-tralia wa.< in thi' haiiils of a f. w nu ri'liants wh(-» Wire in dirci't coiiimnnioal ion witl; mills ami iiurchasinl in fnrRo lots. I'lir jii-i at ini ri a-r in tin- niimli.T of mills cuttiiifr for thi- f.xport trade, the- (.assiiig of IT..— I'ai ilic hiiiil.. r lraii-|..irtati..n fr.mi tlio -mall .>^<-liooiu.r carryiMK four huiKlnnl tli..ii-an.l l.> lift. . 11 liiin.lr. .1 i li. .n-a i i.l 1. . t wlii. ;. «a- ii..t L... yrrat a tiiiani'ial risk for a mill !•. . liaftii- ,ii,.l ili.! n.a f.a.l la-l. r than a \n\.\ .-..ulil .-lit. t.. tin- -ti'iimcr oarrylii.i:- t\\.. L.ar inilli.ai I'.-l «;'i.'li ii- -in-!.' null .■i.'il.l I. an. II.- tiiiaia-ially .r I'liy-ii-allv, i-r.'at.-.l a (-..nilit i..ii ra.li.-all\ a'l.-rini; .■x|...rt ni. tli...|- tiii- -i.l.' .'t llu' I'a" i'io. ' At the same time th.' iiial.ility ..f i vi-ii the lari;e-l yard- in Au-lraha I.. a.-.-. |it Inr^re steaimT loail- of timlii-r. and tin f^r.iwin^ up ..f a larfrer iiiiiiil.. i' of -mailer iiier- clinnts, three in I'erlli and Kn ■ mantle, -ix in .Vdi laide. thirt,v-si.\ in Melhouriie, forty t.i tifly in SMlney. twelve in Newi'iistle and t\v,. to three in l!ri>liiiiie, ren(ler...l iieii's- biiry -..ine middleman at llie other or Australian end. Till r. -Ill, on thi- -idv has heeii tliat tin- diriM't i-onneetions with the Australian \,u\. v :it .a,, tini. |.., .1 !,\ th. mill- ha-, . x.-. |.l in llie .'ase ..f one or two mills, |ia--..l away, li .v-iil.l .lilli.ailt n. l.nild up anew -ii.-h .'..n ne.-l ion-. Tl xport id' Innih.a- ha- h.. n .li\..r.-.d fi'..|ii ma n ii I a.'t nri ui; ami far a- th.' ,\ii-tralian inafK.-t for N.irlh I'a.-ili.- Iiimhir i- c.n.'.rn. d i- n..w in I h. hand- ..f al...ul I. n I'liile.l Sl;il.'- '.liipl.iiii; .•..nipaiii.-. 'I'lie-i .■..mpaiiit- perf..rm tlire.. f iiii.'l i. ni-. Tliey l.uy the lum- hcr from the prodiieer. an.l l.> ih.- m. lli. .l- ..I th.'ii- l.M\in- .aval, a -tale ..f aieliaie eut-fhroat eomiief ition nnliii..\vii la.w in any other man in ... i uri ni: industry of liUe iinportaiiee, they eliiirter the ships and sell e.i.f. or e.i.f. and e. Australian port, usimll.v filianeinfi- a portion ..f the tniusiu-tioii until the earsro is aeeepted hy tin' purehaspr. Only ..111 i.r tw.i An-trali.in imp..rters make their own freiLdit nrranfremeiits. Till-. . x|i. aiiiiL!' .•..iiipanie-. uli.illy ..f the rnited Stir -. are the only enniK'etion h, l«,, ii th. iii.ihiila. ■Hirer aial lh.- imp..rt, ■ Thi v \m r. at one lime in direel .-..m nuini.al i.'ii with lh.' ni.r.-hatil in .\ii-lralia. witli..nl Ihe -er\ i.-e- ..f a middleman, ..:,.,,) ■.■::\:\r <.\::- [•■■■\\\v\i- liiid - o. ■< • i I i . ' : . 1 i . . 1 1 - Mi.i| .III..1..I ilir.'.-l III a few iii.-tanee- uilli llie larger and older merehaiiN in .\u-lra!ia ihi- en-l..in y. i -iirv iv, -. The eomnion praetiee now is either tliat tlu' exporter -.11- in AiHlralia thr.aiiih a ri'iin-setitative or agent who works on a eo«imi>*ion or fixed payment per thou-and .sf ri'i.EMKyr rn nKKKi.v nri.u ii \ 25 ■ """ - ' , ,,„„„„„ii,i,., i„ „.l.liti..n to luinlHT. In t1»- hrst ,.,„„;„,, lorvMHl. In 1,- • . ' , ,„ ,,,, „„,„ ,,.„-.,r.. arrivnl. or i„ whrrc only a imrti-n ..1 thr .-ariio w;,- -•M. I'l-'i-l.t "''■■ •n„. „ u.l...,-v i~ now for .■MK.rtrr. to a-.,l in Austral,., .l..-„„.l> .•. ,..v-. n,:,.iv.- -";^'"'V,".' V t,..i t..r or if. litions nr.. tr-mptinjr t,.r >i..-nla- „„t -,,1.11.. .11 ir„in^ .1 ;,„i;,..,t,.l til.' Au-tralnm r..i.ris<-nta- Hv.. .„;„.- . .-..r... for.v„r.l >P:-''^''i-b ;vu . .-^^ ,„ili/,„:. I.i< l.r..n.-l, orti.- ..r>r:,n./.;.t...n t- .l.v. iM ^\u■ ^ . I 1 • \;:7T:!;^,^;i.r n,..r..iu..„-. u... .„.i -m,,,., i.. n...... i im.; _ ,1':;:;:;':™: in.:.; -.'in . ...ition .o . -^.11-1.;,;....;... a- n lar;;v liu.v \v.i,,.l- wlii.'li uli, r, a- .-..tni arl.\ ill |.ar.-.l ti,- C.a-l liiiil.'i' 1- ~iii..-ioaii>< - I'c , ,„„i ,„„:.;„aii> MX ... .-iv .1- i-'i'"^ '"^"'^ . ,■ . ,1 ;,, ,,.,..t,iil tinii- liiiv.- raiiirotl from ,.i.r, „, ,....,-.0 .M.l. 1 .i- >o>'*-' „,■ ,„vi,m- 1.U1..1I mor. than his ..,..1.11- iil..-a-l. a- 1- -1 >'>"""• - ■ - ■ ,,iv.,i ta....u- |i..i.it. Au-tralian i,p..it..r. «l.o ...ay ..afh Hi- j'-'l " " " , „"-;, „V, ,,.li,.f fr.,m on. „,„.,„anii. ...ark..t inlh....... au.l ' ' ' i « ''t '1- priros. tlu'.v would not lit' all.. l' an 111 i'.i ir.. Ill a iKiMiKM, I-...- ■ . . 11 ..I ■ , • 111 ,an a- a lal-.v liuvr. This ,.,i..,.nrauv> th.' imp. .rial I. ... l.v -mall >ai.i n., titiv.. rotiph luiiil...r fr..ni S.^aialinax lan p..rl- ina> 1 , „, ,, •■iilTls HI pan-. 1 -l.ipni.'nts on th.. fr..|U.-nt mail aii.l Ir. idit iia-s ri r..;j no.)...- ~ "l^.tiv.. Th..,„,er..la.nt issucs_h.^.,nm^ .1. - i;;.;:; ..r ship. wh., m.„i,ir.. ..mi..r ,„. ,,|. l„.th. I...' l.'a.iii sclliii);. , II ■ , 1 )■ ,. \ ,. In- i. iiuii. 'l .■il.a.r n.iii'.«-> -'"i ■, ... . PI m IIASKS N..T AKKKl TKI. 1»Y Hl.al Hil l.. ins. , . , 1, ,,,, „ ,',„i,.l, th,. lu..ih..r fn.iBl.ts fr,.ni ll..' N-iVn Pa.^iri" 1, ...H.aiuall.. ' ^,,.,„i„^, „, ,.. ,!.,. ,S S'S:: i;.-i,:t*;r,.. .1 < i.-'i» p.iiifr on as in iionna! tma's. „.,,, „,,,i,, ,,, .nv -li^ln ^a1■iali..n in th.- -.hf. Th,- Anstralian n,..r.-ha..t u.. .a n i.la. . ' ■ , f,„,,, a faliill^; mark,!. 26 TftAin: .i\n comukkve Tlicn i> a ui..im1 in tlii- I'.t tin- |.r..ilni- i ..I I).iiii;la- 1ir and (.llu r w. of lii.- I'lifitic Coii.-t region. Tlic iii.-rcaM-> ..f m. an.l iiioic -liiUiim- vrr tliuUMin.l tVot wliii'h tin- Au-tniliiiii iiu rclmut iwiys in tim. - ..I li-in.; rn ii;lit without (limini-liiii!» lii- I'H.vinu' i iirlm»ia-m, woiiM W as -radil.v paiil if tli.y ucrc iinTi>a>< s in f.a.-. jirii-r-. It «-ou!il only !h- nn'iwsary to ii>suii' iiini th;it tho incri'iisfs would hr |» inianont or I T a li. tini*.' luriod and not t-miorary or !-ul>j.'i-t to rHpid tliictUiition. Tin- An-ir lian hnvi r .aniiot .-nilit tlio franii' of mind in wlrii-li tho Pacific ('oust ttiiiim- fai-l ui . r ~i iK. Aii-li-aliau Coa-l '..un nH Ti lianl-. lliroiii:li ulios,. iiands iill tiin1«'r imports passes, .■]■•■ -IP Hilly liandi 'l l.i^. t!ii-i' in .-iiy :.>-o.'iati-n-. (■■v Iim'Io fni'tliorarn'o and protective pii!]...-.-. I'ri.-o li-i~ liaM- l>i'.-ii niiif-rm am-ni;-! all n—.-.Mati.m mor.-liant- in I'a-li t-Hu ir. ,ith l.y month f.a- >..m.- v,-ai- pa-l. Tii. i-.- av.' f.-w m.-r.-iiani- .1-. n-'t 1„.|,,,,_, ,,, il,,.-,. o.-iali.-n- and '.■'a ii-t-i'.-. - hilt.- a--, .-ial i. .n pri.v - ar.- n.-t itia in I I n. .1. 1 n.-i-.a-i-.l pnr.-liar.ini.' (■o>t is jia— i-d dir.-.-tl> !■> tli.- .-..n-um.-r. l>..ni;la-~ lir r. laiU fn.ni -^ln p.-r lli..ii-and iV-et in normal timi-s t.. .ti;!* i..-r ili-.n-aml fi-i-i. in war iim.-. I i - n-f .if -iilistitnti'.-, lirii-k. stom-. i-.-m.-iit. til.-r-. .^lat.- an.l in.n have n-ai'lii-.l llii-ir inaxi- iimin. l).iti>flii^ tir is ..idy ux'tl \vli.-r(> it is n.-i d.-d and lia> no really el.ise i-oiiipetition. An iiier<-a>e of #4 iHT thousniid fi-et to the f.a.-. prie,- \v..ul.irtin(r is condwted lit the e.xiM-iiM- ■•{ ila- mill ovyners fur the henetit . f ll . \. ".-l owner- and Ausfndiiiii mer.-hant-. The priMlin-ers of lumber, I. \ fai ill. in i-t imp.irt int }rroui>. in memliers and tiiiaileinlly. eutniH-ti,' ajwiiist one i , till ;i i-.l.-r- an.l k.-ep the pri.-.-> .l.'Wn. The exjxirters, fewer in number ami with ,-..ni|iaiali\.-;> h n -.-ur.-e- ,-. .nip. I. aya i ii-l one aie-tlier for trnnsix.rtatiou an.l pat ih.- Ir. i-hl np. A pr.,p. |- ...nihi ii.i I -a ■■< \\u- luinh.-r pr.iduecrs wli.i eolltrid II i|> -nil.ilil.- tlinh.r .•- an in- ..li 1 avilhiM.- I.. An-lr.ilia. lik. -,\i-e th il.v timber ,. |.„|;iy whi.-h lninl..-r f|-. i^ht- fr-an X. ilh Am. ri.-a Australia tli.-ir value. uitli the exp..i-ti-r- wii.i po-,--. i!i,- ,.\p.irt -liippin- kiiMul.,!;;,- -li.nil.l he ahl.- p. k.-.-p export lumber pri.v- up t.i a f.iir ami na-.nal l.- I.-m-I an.l lamh. r- fv. — ht- al-.. at :i n.m-speeulativ.- and r.-a-..nahh- tijrun-. Th.- .-liinlnatim;- .-f th,- i.res,-nt frr<-at eli-im-nt .if speeiilation finm I la n-ra.-ili.' lumh. r fr. i:;hl- w.nibl eii.-.uiriiiro steadier biiyiiifr. in itself a iiii.re fav..uiahle eonditioii for the prod;-.'.-r-. I'lie repre-eiitatives <|Uotin>r t.i iiierebant- on Moujilas tir usually n. a^ent- for Senndiniivian tinder, ami in eertnin eu-es .Inpane-e and Kiissian al-... Ihe -|n-eies of tiinher -old is immaterinl to the airent. NOT 1"; siilNii I m i:i.As l iii. Th.-ri- an- ^ . i-> f.-w ain.iny-t th.- ai;. ni- - i' -. llim: , . pn -.-iit at !\ . - -..li.-ilintr .a-d, -i-s from .\u-tralian timber mer.-hant- Ah- im-h l>.-u-hi- lii- -mly. \.-ai!,\ all ar.- .pnte US keen to sell ndw."'d or Sw.di-h timh. i-. F.'W jiciple .-elliufi lloufrlus lir «r ..th.-r I'a.-ili.- r.ia>t w 1- i- m.-i-.-haiil- have m..r.- than a easual kli..wb-d>re of their (pialities or i>.i-sddliti(-s f.a mi r.- than r.iu«h .- .n-trui-li. n piirp..-.--. Few liavi' visited the reirion in wbieb it is pnaluiM-d. have .-(hmi ihi- niainifa.-liiri- ..f the wo.ids. or are aecpiaiiiteil with ri^-ent devehiimients in the u-o of wiHi.l- for vari.iu- indii-trial jiurpeses or for umre \ahi,-ihl,. and dei'..rntive uses in iiit.-ri.-r liiii-h. I'a.-ilie Coast timbers nre wdd not as a -pe.-ial product with eertnin ili-linite .iniliiii-- ami vain.-, but a- w 1. .-.iiiinion wood. The sizes of T>.m(;las fir fi-oni ,j\ fi . 1 h.\ - \ I'.-i-f are kii.iwn a- " iiink " As a r.'-nit of the uierehiinf's lack of ,|., ..j :| kn .li;.- .--.n.-.-niiii;.'. .-iml -l^ .-i.-il i t. I'.-t in D-aitihi- tir the (itlillitity sold is n-a .1- L;|-.-al .i- il niit;lil h.-, a- will h" p.-ihi. .1 ■ ill in ihi- r. p-.n. The r.-pr.--. ntali\. - in Aii-tralia -.llim.i im|...rti-.l tinih- r .pi..te on i n. pi i I'i,-- Wilt out by men-luuit-. 'I'll. \ r.-in-ly ir.i fin-ih.-r a'ld . n'|. .iv..ur P. initial.- a il.-niand by slmwillff eiliriliecr-. ar.-hil.-.-t- ..r imiiorl ia Imlhl. i- lhal aii\ parln niar « 1 has sjM-eial '''i'i\'- "' AM-tr;.lia. whos,> sol., .lut.v „ «, .-■ I- > 1" ami .-n-ato t, .Innau-l ui.i-l. w.ll l:il-r n„ !„■ n llu-t, a n, .,t. r -t^*"';" .i..- inn.,,. , uin-i, m i .1.. -i- -a- ,„ ,,.,Uv„...l in Australia has not mad,, it as attra.tiv.. a u 1 Im nit. >>.. u ■ . I ■ H ,. ,n-i.i..r..d in California. Australian a.-hit..,-.- ar. n,.a l...n.- -hnun l.> ; j: van,.,l and ,n<.r.. ..IvasiuK uiHhods of a.-pb in. .-l.-"- wood 1 rJult will 1, ....t,.,. ordors for r,.lwood and ..ons.H,m-nty snmlUT orders fur .l.a. •''•r"'"^':: ' ' , , . ,■; ,.„.,;..nla,.b if a ..lark... may not be built "' '""""■''""";;„iv.. i, to .tudy th.. nsos of tlu; wood in .Im; A.is.ra- _ (.ntioii liiav 1". s .•oriipirtr nlili/;ili..n ih.- mili nni luml.i r. \':>rt< ' A ;.::dl::!rbun.alow l.. > ...„..„.,. i.. -.....,.1, of Sydn..yvo drnmnstrate the bc.u.tios and ...-o,, v ,„ LuildiMr n, iv.lw 1. A .•aiupaigu 80 carried on is .-..rtain to ,nllu,. tl„. u-.. ..t 1 •- doHni... charalristi,-. and merits. Th- thr -l.-. - .'I - ^j' " ,, ; ' i Li,,.,- of a wood's sm-cess or failure in any ,n ,rUe,. 1 „. lm,M,-,-. tl . . . . .„ ..„.ineer are .iven a eonvinein., lastin. and oonlar a,.n>ons,n.,,,.n ' - „ . |,„ ae,-on,plisla..l at a deHnite r.,-t. The result, wherever the w 1 ean ..and -m iv:,::,,;'::;:::;.::-.'!!--^ ia,-in f about -'mmm i..^ au,n.aiiy hav.. .. ,, , •,,„.,., ,-,. tho ~al.. of their produet in eompetition with 1- an iiH.|'(.a-(. .1' l>ii-i ,1 u r 1 rehi...,., II. d:nly l,on,l.:,..l,.d l.y li„.n„u,.,.. .nnpl. toth. Australian an in.- ^^^^^^ ,l,.|„.„dal.le n-uils fi-oin. u-inj; . in- li ■ iii'i-t n t„ ,1,.. onvironment of substitutes in wha;h ho In- .nne. |tnu.,a- n, I lO I IM .lusi noi.oi .1 i„„.,.,.,,in^ upon him tho a.M-al.lny ol. ^ ...me substitute f..r wood m tinishin^' buildinj^s. A- a hnnian in- _ I I,.,. ; ,.,,o,.,u,.ily of brin,'in*r Australian arehMo.-.- -l"->v l„n^.a- l>, r „ 'i-i ,„„,il.ili.v will never iH.-ome a reali.y if .1.' P-d r leaves „e ,l,.v,.lop „;;,; ,,',„a,.k..,- l,i- l..-, material in the hands o.' VusU-ahan mei-han.. many ,f V l,,,iH -ii.c. l.n-ilvriiLia-c-d in iMi-himr sale ap'neies for ..stitute-. ':,,',■„„. .u,. -ul.mu,,. ,ne,.,.l,an,-. All ha.nlle .alvanu-d iron, tar^ wool ami paper ro„.,n^: -nany Mo,.U al., l.rieUs. een.en.. plaster, ironmongery, wall l.oarils and metal ceiliiifr^. I.l MBKU IMSTUIIH TION IS At STKAI.IA. , . , ,1 \ inli i i- ,.|.i...ived and distributwl by a All Inmher an. '''''';'-V7;. ; ''^ . , „ „a.ed. these tnerehant, e„n,n^„t.vely smal > ^ .:,..,a,i„n wi,h w. ll defined trad, re.u- n each eitv work eloM'ly tojxeiiier in ,i n n- „, „,,i,,« h,.il, tlu. ehief of whieh. a- f,,r as IMe.ti,. ..a.le , n,. .n,e ,. app.y to the n.ular maintenane,. of assoeiation eMahlished prie..-. ,, , „.;.,,;,„,., ■'.•tinito •ri,i. i, aeemnpli.hed by alh,eati..« to eael. mem „-v ot 1, a->." i.,t -m , , tu ,,,,„„', ,i,„. the total business handled by the men,!..,.-. 1„. a--... .n ■ l.,,',.,„„ the ,na,.Uet any exporter who i. m.t eonsnlered to ha^e ,net a-....a,,..n ,,„„„,,.„„,„. in -tandards of b,,siness^ ,,.,op,.,i,ion \ltlii.ii"li :i--oi.un Mi,.iiii.ii- .ii." not aii""Htr8inpdly in outside territory. 28 ritMn: .\\i> roMMKiivt: Till- -tall- of Ni \> Siiuth Wall - lia- .'pni. il up a tiliilu i- in Svilm v a- a -tati- i'litrr|iri>f. 'J'lii- varil iiiipniM- dlnvt. laiyiiii; tlirotiLiii llic -lali' iv|'i'i-c iilal i v. • in Sail Kniiiri-r,!. ;iihl ill ailMili.ai 1. 1 -n| |'l>iiiu tli,- iniii'irtaiil -tat.' i . , j ii i n in. mI -. .-nl.' - tli." opi ii si lliii!.' iiiiirki't in coiiiiH'titiun willi tiiiilu r iii. ri hiiiit-. Tin ^tati- .vanl appi iiM to iiiaiutain ii*->K-iiitii'ii prii-i*. Tlii^ state yanl lianillc* alM.ut l.tMni.(MM1 feet iii.iiitlily of DoUfrlas lir. ! I M la K f- IMMH III \:\ M I 111 II \\ I -. A jil-cal val-iil.v ..f l,u-iia— i- liaiidlr.l !•> l!i.' liiiil . i- in. r. liaiit- in lli. l"'il- llir.'imli wlii.-ii Aii-ti-aliaii iinp..rl- ar.- Iiah.lli il. I'l U ..T lla m. ai .1 tin - l.v in I', rtli. I|..l.art, l.imiic-i..-.t..M. l!ri-\ an. I I., a 1.-- pp.iM.ri i..iial. . \l. nl S>,in, y, ar.- a.-luallv . iiLai:.-.! ill till. lir.Mliii-ti-n ,in.| ma nii la. l nr. ..| Aii-!ralian liiiiil.. r. Alin.-t ail im-r.-liant- .arrv Au.-traliau \v..,.(ls in -l...-k li..ui-wi-. l.ii.\iiin lla m a- li > .1 • iin|...rt.-a u....il- in- pi'tilii.ti ..II till- <.|i.-n iiiark.-t. Tin' native \v...hU u- .1 in .-..a-t eitie- iwlm-li .-..n ttitnte l.y far tl..- ;;r. ai. -f luiiili. i- e..ii-liniin« iir.-a- in Aii-lralia i an- iiearlv all l.r .ii-lit to the in.-i-.-liani-. \ar.l- I..111: ili-taiu'e- l.v rail ..r l".at. Tlie i;reater part ..f the iiiiliv.- tiliil.. r ...ill. - t.. 111.- iiierehaiit r..iiyh fr..ii| tla- mill. A few ..f lhe>e eit.v nierehants brill::- iiaiiM- liiiih.-r t.. tli.-ir vards in lnus anil fe>a»' t.i uriler. Th,. lai-;;.-r liiinl..-r .li-tril.u|..r-. -..111.- ..f uli..iii . ..-.-a-i. .iiali.v ■■arry ..v.-r -tl .l'.".i'.<"'i> \v..rlh ..f liiMil.i-r ill -t...-k at cm- tiiu.-. havi- .-M.-n-ive ri-niamifa.-turini;- faeilitie-. iii. Iii.liiit: iiioilerii .-.luipped -aw-iiiill-. \"'\ taetnri.-. |ilaiiiim-inilU and w...m1« ..rkiiitf -h..].-. ri;, ...ii-i;.,,- lir..ui;!il in ar. pal inl.. ~l.;-k. lli.- iii^ii,. 1- ura.l. - v. • M -la.-k.-.l liii.li-l- >h. It. r. Mat. rial i- .Irawn I r -l...-k an. I r.-a\Mi. r.-inaniila.-l nr. .1 ..|- nia.-liin.-.l tn the .■ii>t..iii. 1' - . .r.l. r. 'I'll.' i!r..ufli ..f lla- laru.. .-iti.-s a\'.a,\ fr.'iii lla- •-. niral 1. ..-al i. 'ii- ..f th.- "1.1. r e-lah- li>lied iiii-r.-haiit-. I..;:i-fher with th.- fa.-ilili.- p..— .--.-.1 hy ih.- 11. -w -inalh-r dealers f(ir hiiyinu -inall.-r .•ari:-..e>. ha- re-ult.-d in the .|.-v.-l..piiieiit ..f iiiaiiy -iiiall. i i.-enis. The iiieri-haiil- p. > t— inn laiiif -axv-iiiill plant- in ad.lith.n t.. lUiiliinji their ..un retail trad.-. -.11 wh.ile-ale t" til.' >iiialU-r dealer- and tii ei.iitraet'.r- f..r win. 111 th.y d.. the iiianufai-tiiriiijr. Tli. ni.-i-.-li.ini- ill ill.- . hi. f p..ri- a!-, d.. a larji'e aiiLniiit .>f re.-Hwiiijj- and iiiami- fa.-l iiriia.; f.-r ill.- iiil. ri.-r l.."ii- an. I ull.-n;.--. ('. rtaiii inip..rl,inl in. r.-liaiil- ..I M. 11... urn. aial Sy.ln.y .j.-p.-nil iipi.n the e.niiitr.v f,.r ..n.-lall lii. ir -ak- . f ini|...rl. .i lanik. r. Tia .|iianlil\ ..f l'a.-i!i.- C.a-t Iniiih.-r, ehi.-lly |l..iii;la- lir. -kipp.-.l t-' lla- iiil.ri..r i- -1. -a. lily i n.-r.a-i 11;;. '111.- pr- .p. -ii k n flii- \\.. ..l n..\\ 11-. . I ii! kiiil.liiiiJ r.ili.iii- ii.l.iii.l in .\n-tralia ha- iii.-r.-a-.-.l ur. ally in till- pa-t 1. « \. ar-. Il i- . -i lin.il.-.l thai aliiii.-t ene-third ..f the Dmiy-lai tir 11. av iliipiirteil int.. Sydney i- >liipp.-.l I., lli.- iiileri..r. i.lj \lilM;. ■I'll,- Aii-lraliaii lin.l .-r 111. r.-liaiii in .Irawini: np -p.-.-ili.-ai k.n- aii.l l.iiyin:: ll.aiL'las lir .l.\..l.- a i;r.-.-il .l. al -.1 iiii;. nuil\ P. v. rkinLj -.nl m.-an- ..I -...-ii ri 1 11; a iii:;li.-r yrail.' ,,f liiinl.. r will, ..111 paKiia.: I..r il. Sp. .-i li.-a 1 -m- ar.- - ■ |.L.Mi,..i llial Hi.- iii.i-.-!i,intal.l.' when re-a\Mi vvill pr...lii.-.- th. iiia\i lull 111 ]. — ikk- pr..|.'irl I -.1. ■ i ..r L.-lt.-r. l-..r thi!« reilwMl >..ni.- imp.. 1-1. -r- tak.- l-iii.-li l..\ l>-iiii-h. iii-l.-.-nl ..f i:-iii.-h l.y II' in.-li. ' »tli, r- slioeif.v that their ..nler- inii-t if p. — il.k- he piireha-.-.l fr..iu -..in.- in.ll li.i\ini: la. rail- road .•iimieeti..||>. helievillir that fr..lll -liell mill they will li. 1 all I k. ilppi-l- «lii.-h other iiiill< are f..r the .\ii:-tralian Im.ver. when hiiyini; |..-.-i la-ai i. n .-..niainiiiu k..ih i ]i .\r i,r !e.-t r.inl na-n-hanl.-ilile. p. -pe.-if\ that th-- tii.-i--'lial:!,.kl,- i- 1-. k.- p.nn-ka-.-.l fr.iiii one inill ainl the -eleet-' er elear- from all.itlier in the hope that file tirst mill ill .■nlli. ihi- Ml. i-.-hanlahli- will let -eleets and elears pi into the enr»tr»: the buyer tlllls hi. pi-- P. u. l a .l.iul.l.- pr..p..rti.in of these desiralile jrrndes. SI l'Phf:Mh:ST TO WKKKl.Y HVIJuKTlS 29 Th,-.- I.uvliiii iiu'tli.."!- iirc „> l„.i,l u|. i. rrpuMtiou will. tl... AiKtralii... Imy.T- ^''\~^''}'\''''- ''"'^'^^ ruf..rlii,iat..lv wh.- M... Imiilu-r Axm^A \* M.p. ri..r i.i ciualily t.. tl,r ■■vM r„, ,|„. i„-|„.,.ti,.M ..,.rtiti,-at,. .lo,.. ,„.f sl„.vv Ihi. t.. !«■ tl..- oaso. WIm t.. ,M.-.-.-l.;n>t.l.l.^ ; r..r tl,.. i„-.i«-. ti rtiti. n..- lorvvar.l.-I stat.'. tl..- .-arfr-i t.. «• .■.■■r.-hatilabl.., ,.v,.„ tl,..,id, tl,.. iiTa.lr artuMlv -Lii.p.'.l ...ay '"• This pra.'ti.'.' l.'ads t.« fw.' uiif.irtti.iat.' i-. -nit-: („) Tl... A..stralia.. l...y. r .■...•.■ivi.iir a lii^i.-sra.K' .-aa-... a.al -rAws it .I.-.tiIm .I as ,„.-r>-l.a..tal.l.' it. an i„.p.-ti..i. .Mrtiti.-at.. ..rijri.iatii.ff it. th.' sa..u- l...vt ' 1,,,. hi. tavvill...(r t.. tak.- ... a..ytl,.i,L: lai. th.' i:.t. vvl,a...v,.r I.,. ,1„. ,m,p..-. i...' wl>i.-l. th. l.....h.T is i,.t,....V.l. 1 1- .■..nvm.-.-^ ,1,,, l.,,n.la- ti,- a,„l ntlaT - .la- I'a.-lli -t uv.^^■ s-ptar.- a<:ta>,.-.- ...ay 1 ..-l. -l "l,. .-.- a .•la,n, NNas ,na.l.-.m a Cana.lia.. .-arjr.. s..1,l as „..-r,-l.a.>taUl.-. xvhi.-h was .-.p.al P. ,„. >vl,au.a .1.- wa ,,a-s,..l a> „„.,-<-hautahh- l.y a., i.,s,....-t..r. l.ut was >...t ......al ... .h- .,a --. l,a,,.al.V U-u^U -hi,,p. .l l.v ,.tl„ ,- u,ill- at th,- ti...... A .-laiin was ma.U- a...l r.'t..s,-.'.l ' 'ai,a.lia,, t iiiihi i'. A„..tl,...- l.a-l f.-ult ..f tl,.. p.-,-.„t -v-..-a, ..t t„„-kiu. i„-|„.,.ti..„ .-.-rtiti-ates is that wh..., a hi.y.-r i- i„ th. ,ua,-k..t !„■ |-.-,..p...„tly -p. .-,!!.- a u„.,vhai,.al.l.. .■■p.a! t.i what h.. r.H-.-iv,.d i.. th.- .1/ 1 >■>-""•■ ".M« l-tore l>r„lml.ly the ™ of tl... M'>n, .\„„ was lifty al...v,. ,,,..,-.i,a,,tahl,- M-t „..i.l..-.- tl... mill ..or tl... l.«y.-r has a..y .h th.it.- .■.■.-r.l ... -h.s la.-t. la- ..r.h r w t,ll,.i ,1 „ri.„ is Kr,„l...t..l.hs an.l tr-H-s f-.rth. It .s .u.t ......spk-ml e.i.ial to the IIU1U..1-V of tlu- M'lril .1"". a.i.l a <-lail.i r.-..lts. Th.f.. i- ll,i- ... 1.,- -,,i.l f..r th.- Aii-ti-aliai, huy,-.-. Th.- i.r..s<-..t syst.-m of pnulin« ..Iv,- hi,,, v..>-v li.,1. i„l-..,-,„ati.„.. it .u. n.ls pla.vs rla- .-anr,. ahov.^ a .-.-rtain ^rmlo hi.o. ;i.„v,. whi.-h ;.-rv ul.l,. va,-,ati.,u^ af.- , ihl-. Wh.T,- tu„ „,..,-.-l,a„.- >,, .-m- tow,. .VTP i ,..,p,-ti.i,... a.,.l .-a.-h l...ys a -a.-... -uili.-i..,t t., la-t l,i,n >. v..ral ,u..,..l,s. th,- o,.o «ho r,-,-,-iv.-s th.- IK,oror ...irp, is iu a >.-,-i..u- p.-iti N- .oatt,..- h.,u .,,.,.1 a „,...-hau.a ,1. it ...ay \w. the poorer .-ar^o is to all i„t.-i,ts a,„l purp.-. - ,ul.M-a-r lu.uh.-.- hnvz a- tlu piKiil carfro is in the market. l!,.v..rs i.i Australia .lo i.ot now plnee serious d.-i,.-...l.-.u-e on tla- .usp.-.-tu.., ,-, rtiti,".t.- .-x.-.-pt as a ,.,.-at,s of war.linR otf eommon hunW and as ft nu-a.is ot tally...ff ,h,. a,„„uut iu th- -hip. A- it ha- w,..-k.-d -nt i . pra.-ti.-.-. si.tee over-produet...., has h,...,.„„. -,.ri,.u- i„ l)..uuh,- ti.- .-...i..,,. th,. pr.-.-.,t sy.t.-m of !rra.l...»r 1...H ^resulted i„ p,vv,.„tiutr a fair P,'..p...ti !■ -t.-i.-tly ,u...-.-ha„tal,l,. 1,.,„1„t fr..m e..teri,.K the \„' .;.„, „,ark.-t . ■..„a.. titi..„ au,..„u>t .-xport..rs has r,-sult.-d .n ord.-rs flowiuff ,.hi..tlv t., thos,. mills «h.. ". IV ku..w,, f. l-e shipping as merehantablo a gnule ......lam- iiifl a l.ijrli projMirtion of select and .-l.-ar. 30 1)1 Al.l 1 \ I'"' Mil. II. •I -r.„v . . .1,. 1.. -t in». r.>t- of ,!..■ n,untry. A. Inr^. a IH.rti^n of cout- „„„„ -1,„„1,1 1..- ..-,.,1 -.u,Mi,... r:^l- r- a.Hl r..„^h l«ml..T m hu.ld.ng a c.ty : N,.J's„.,.„ WM... ,„ l.nhli,. . -n,..l:„- ..,->■ ,n Uri,i-1> .-^n.^.. Jj^^ ,1 „>,.. l,..«vv..r. ()„.. n.n.l.. r:,r.v U.n: ,n >.v.lu.,v ,•,.„. -1 .mt n. 1 . m ,.|.,-,.^nm,.-.l .ti,.U-. tloorioK -lualify, ,.i.-U.>.l "Ut Iron, a nu-r-hanlaUo -'ar o. 1!,„.,„-,. ..f tl,o loo... i^ra.linsr -y-t,-!.. provailiufi o,, xW ra-it,.- .-oa.t. rW -ta.i.laui ,,|-l„,„!.r i- lii-i'-- ^i' A.i-tialia than ill tl.f < uiualian aii.l I mt.- I Maio- ( oa~t i-itii - vl'i i'r liir liiii;lii r i- i>roilu'-oil. i - i ii- i Ti. .l. niaial. cl Lv .la- u-. r h, Aii-lralia i- v.Ty fn^iuently too l.i«j.. ll.Jih ,ra.l. - ,1 wiar, , o'> a„ lo.l. Kvn at that for. nmy be lo„m n „.| 1 l.. r in.,.o,-.. .-- vanl a pil- of ,1... lui- h-,-,, ,a.;loa ot. tnm Ln-l tal.l.. a„.l i. Loin. la-M i..|- .vniauufaHun- lu.o ,lo,„- o,- ,,.,„..rv ot .m.. Tl.o «,H,rt..r i- M.Ui.ijr larp. ti>,.l.. r-. lo„ir tiiMl.r,-. >. UvN aial a,- to tho i„„„.v.,.r for th.. ,.ri,v of ,.o„,mon l.n„l..r. N-aturally >o lo„^^ a> tin- ''''Y'^';', , „„.„ ,■ will ,,,..,1 , o„in>ou i...nh-r. II.- i. now r-ttn.fi ..m>..th,n^' ho m..,l- uln.h •n,„ ,|,,,:,.„ltv will, for. i.i, n,ark.-t ha^ always h.-n that .t t....k to, httU „r t. .. h«. Tl:, ,,-o-,.,. -^-,.n, .ra.lin. i- .h , ,-, a-in. tlio ,.ro,>or..on of „u 1 run ,Lt i. a,.-,;,..al.l.- to tho Aa-llaliau laivov. I. i- l-l lo,v-t ..„n-.Tvafon an.l .t t';;..' i;::;:;:;ion ....rtiti,.a.,. -h..uM .l,... ..h any U na,.ti,y ..r ,.,.1, .ra.l.. t,.,t has .„„.. into a -hip. If rnor..ha,„al,l,. h.- 1 n ..all. .! for and ~ o,- .-l, a,- a -hi, 1 tlu^ in.pr.'tinn cortiti-at^ .^houhl >tat.- th- ninnl,.-r ot pt-.v^. ,1i;i.m,-i,.i. ..m.1 ., an. :hipp,/of oa,-h of tin- prmh^s. Tho lutycr w.mld th.., know ,u ...1, . a-o th.it r for >on.o r..as.,n had n.ado him a pros.'nt; and .o wouM ho -hip -r. |,„v,:, 1,1 „..t call for a similar oar.- aeain without oo.nnntfnjr Imn-.l l-jM'^ f.,r it It al! up,. .- ... in... .\.i-..alia woro paid for. thoy wouhl not W -. a,,, ,.,! ,,!,„„l ,,n-.in-. u..„-lv i„ vaf.or-. -....Min,. and ront'h-l-oard fono.'S. Thon' i- r,...>n f..r ar.un.on. .>- to .h,. a.h .ili. v ..f -r.-atum' n..w_firHd..s to. tho \u.trdinn mark. , ^^it^ .ho ohj..,.. l...th of .-n.-onra^iii^' tho hi.yintf ot a larp.T pro- i'lrtion of iow..r .la.l. - .^nd tl.o ..•ouri-.B oi ad..,uato paymont f..r tho uppor. now iniportod ns nn'ri'haiitahl,'. i ■, ,. ,, Should, a. is oxp.x.t..d. th.. A.,-tr:,lia., tai-iff r.-nlt in a ,.,,n..nu..l a ,.1 i.nportation of fl-in.-h hy li-i.u-h >i/.os. tho sat.to ro.ult nn.lit 1..- >.-.,r,.l hy ,i,.„ a-,n- th,. .litT.niitial ill tho list f.r this tiinhor. . Su.h -.,1- .an ..nly Iw suoos.-f.d if ad-pt.d hy tn.lU oporat....r m '.ii.al.. 'Vl' i;':-;''l'.:!:ir,!:;l"^^^^^ of this in,portant foat..ro of tho oxpor. .ra.l,- ~h..nl.l 1„. f.,r a- v .- l;,„.w at ,..vs,.„,, Australia must havo Taoifio t m.st ■•r. . • J - ....nou!,,, i- .1 in C.ina.h, so .-a.i it ho us..d in Au.stn.l.a. and that s,. hi ih. „ill, ,.„..,„.,■:„. ... .o. .h,. a.-,r..n„.o ..f " l-r o..,t of tho W run ,n all '^^^^^T^ ' . av,.ra.. pvi,-,. I .nai.,- than th.. pa-. liv,. y,.,-- av.a-a.',.. t i.TO wouhl " "'^ . i.^ti, . s fro.n Au-,.alia .,..r .li.ninntion of or.hr-. It is only ..o.-ossnry tl...t tho n' ills 1, to...thor to tho ond that all oxports rm-iv.^ ..,ual tr..atmont as to prrado n.td prii-... s!rpi'i.t:\iK\r to wkkkly hi i.letis 31 CHAPTER V. DiscBuion of Autraliaii Imports by Claues. KOI (ill 1,1'MBKR. Tlir i,..-, -ilv ,,t imiu.rliiiK a liir«<> |'r..|„,rli t Au-lrJi..'- luiiil.rr iVMuiv n. nt^ p-urnaiv i..liuilt...l. 1.1 thr fi..- ..f ..vi.l.'nr,. lo th.- .■tV.-,-t tl.M wlnl. ,..-..lu,-....,. ii,.TriiM-.l from l'.Ht:l t.. fn.m :!T1 to •!>:! niilli..ii, imi-rt- i i..t, .1 n, H" -^"i"- tini.' fn.m ITs to V.\l million and oxiH.rts remain.',! aliri..~i .■..n-tant at H I m.iIIi.h. m lIMi:; 1,11.1 million in rv.-n tin- timlHV own. •- an. I -au inill pr.-iirl..!-- iv.-..t:- uwv til, ,1. |.. a.l. n.f of til.- n.untr.v on ini|».rt..l timh.r. Tli,' t.'. liitu "t Hn' .•onnlis i- Imw, V. I- ll.ai tin- timlii r ^li,.ul v -i/, -. "' iv i.r..i«.rtiomit..l.v furth.-r inwasi-d on tin- smalliT .!iiii, ii-i.'ii- in an.l a;:aiii in I'M 1. i THK CHANCKS l.V TAKUf. Thi- ,11-1. .11,- iiii ilV ir,:;,ii,-! til,- tlir,..' fliiff .sources ,.f rough linubi r, I'nitfil Stufi-.-. .lapan an, I ('ana, la now >tan,l> il-> fi>ll,iw.s: — I)ri-ssi',l lunihrr ItouRh lumlwr li-^s than 2}," x Tj". . .1" X 1'-'" ;m,l ,'V>-i . - . 1 thousati,!. N 1" 7 I II t.i til. 1.1 Now Zealand onjo.vs a tariff iin lVrfii.-r ov.r Canada am..niiiin.i. on riinph Ixmrds. ..r about (JO pvt ifiit of the Canadian f.a.s. vahw. \ taiitf of llii- natiir,^ i-^ tho d. vclopmont of th(> piwt d-M-ado in Au:^tralia. Durinjr li.i- ti„i.. ti,.. a.n .n.it „f duly on .lr.->-.'d as e .mpar.'d with r.^ti?rh timbt^r has b.-.-n cuu- >i:ii,ily in, i-,,i-.-.l. y, t tli, |,r. .j-ri i..ii ,.f rousih lumUT imimrti-d dn-lniod from -''b p-r nut ill VM\"< t.i >'l-'.' l>iT I'liit in V.^V'k T!„. i,r..viM n the tariff for tli, ii.-r, ..f tl:,. pr.-i. rti. n ..f tinib. r li„o..rt,..l in larso -'i/x-s has I n mor,- mi.-.m--! iil. In H"':; .■.il> :!:: - I" f ••' ImT enleriiiR Australia was .-ut in .iini. i.-i..,,- f. iia li,- l.v IJ in.-h,- iiinl L-r. ,.h i. ^ 1 i.. ,,r.,!..,rti.m of this ..la.-s of timluT h.i,l vi- n Ly VM.. t,. 4l.l> |nt ,-,"iit Sm,-,- . I- 1m- lat,-t normal ycai of trado, the dutv -.n lli,- .-nuilh-r dini.-n>ions has In-.-ii stil tiii-t lor 1 i-..|,..iti..natoly in.'roas.-d with the n-sult that a still Kroat.-r imporUitn-n may li.-r.att. r 1., , \|„ , t,-.l .if t) inch by 12 in.'h and itp. T„ til.-.- .-Iiai,-.- in tariff an- .hw tli,- i^ra.lnal .Irit't ..f Ani.-ri.-an <-arjro sixvitiea- ;i...,- « ,v in.ni lliat ..f t, ii M-ai- a-.-, in ulii.-h >niall -i/.- i.n-.l.uiiinatod to that ol ..le , ,,., „, „lii,.U .■..nt iin a lai-.,-r ,.n.,. .r.i i lar.-i- si..-. M-H-'n..- .-arpoi^ have . ..iitaii,, .! iiL.n- tinil..-- ami lar..-,- -i,-. - 1 1,. n Sy In. -v .-ar^- h -auso bof.,r,- the „„i.,„ ,,r th.- -t:it,-< M,-ll,..ni-n,- -,-i-- ,l a larit?- |.i . .i.- t . -1 t.-n-il..r> m wlii.'h an .-ffort was i,ein« mad.', by use .,f .■i,-f..ni.- .luii,-. I., bnll.l n,, a l..,-:,l n-~awi,i.ix .n,lu-try an. Sydney «erved a fn-e trade tcrrit..ry. 'Hi.- -.mi.- t inlT n..w nppli.- -.t .-...n--.- 1, 'tli ,«.rt.^.'bnt tho iutluenee of the old trade enst..ms i„rs.sls and wtul.- Ila- ,iiiu-i-ii,-.- b, tttwn Sydnev and Melb<.urno spt^dfipations is lessening, it still exists. 32 ritMiK in\nn:urr. IVKl I N' K "K TMilKF. i,. ,1 ... l.y ,1... A«-.rnlian taritT. Th.- h.thu.. t ,ln, tar. T ,m trade ,luri.,K tl„- ,.a,. >..ar- i- .l.-r-.-n. i,n,,..rta..t a> in.li.at.P« tl... tr...,.l -t ..H.nf,.-..- ti 1 n,.!,.^ ... . , ,„|:i .,,...1 , ,■ ,lut^ ,ll-,-rin,iMatintr at an a.l.liti..,.al -al.- •^1.-" I-'>' ll."U-n.;l a..,,n,-t ■,„„l. r .n.-l, - l.v IJ in-1,..- lia- ;r..H.. into .•tf.-.-t. Tl,. n-uli i- iL.t n.a.v 1... , ,,,,..,,.1 liM: .i,.. r..„d. InnilM V i.n|..rt.Ml int., An>tralia h.-r-att.T will m ,,,,„.|1 in , 1.1 in. -I..- !•>■ ll' iii'-la-. , . ,- . ' -Pii- in.-.'. ..I .lu'^ -">^'l' .lini. i.-i.."- r.'>i>-'l' " ^^'"''^ rw-m- ,„ „r ,1„ „:,. l)..n.l..- lir. M~ tl:l- i- tl,. ..i.l.v timl...r availal.l.' m nuaMlity t..r , , ,, I,, :,,„ „i,v ; II ii: iMu.iitit.v «illi.Mit arcally iii.T.->niv' ;r;".^,''''T;:,':,l; i,l l::^:.: K^-a^^^ - ' ^ ^^-^^fr x' u al.n.l. N-..i w.,v. Sw,.,l,n .n.l -lapan tin.l it airtii-nlt to ,.ro,h>.v .l-.n-h by 12-n.ch tiiiili.-is ill tlic Iciititli- iliinainli.l. .• , . ,.• 1 ,1,1, ,,t -,.n.iin^ tlx- wii„i.. 1..^ a;.ai„-t whi.-i. tl.- a.mimi...., .lu ivii.in. .-i..!' ,„„,..„.,ion of ....ninion iiLvitaMv ..In-. ,1. H-iM - 1-- ' . V 1,1- th- amount of u.ioi, ,.ro.lu.-o.l. in n-awin^r LoU^la. . l,„x r wi'l iii. vitalily ..,i.I.av..ur ,o .li-..,.v.T tl..- .-x,H,rt.n« m.lls (.1 li. n- 1. -'u ) ,.r. ,„ ,hi|, .•|-i...-l, l.y iL'-in-l, f,-,... f.-..n. .-..11 -1„.., r.-v.wu ...to .,.,-1. !...ar.K Tho .-oiintric-- Mipplyiii!-' ru.i«l. liiinlx r ■■. I'-M:! w, .-, ; ImI'oHTS or K.iM.II I.I Mlll li IMo Al STHAl.lV, T.U.'t. Cc.mitry ..f Origin. T.ii.l iiiiaiititv f.t-t. 15. SJ. IVr .-. lit 111 ti.nil. V.ilii.- l^nii.itity tliaii 'J.i. \ 7 sup. ft. Mip. ft**-!. t! \ 12 iiiitl ..\ir ?..ip. ft*t rnit'-tl SUtr" Nrw Zi-alainl (^iiuiilu Noiwav Sw.-ili-ii |{...-ia .I.II'MII In.li.i .In. I S:i:*ir.< S.. til. In. -Ill' .. Diit.li r..>rii.-n (ifTitiaiiy I nitwl Kiiik'jl.'.ii ■ ■ ■ . ■ OthtT fiirt iifii OtlitT Mritish l'i»st"l. r,.">ii.7il' . SMI. H.SIHI ti;:< •J.'). 1.114 2:1, 1.".:;, lll.tilMlj 7,ii21 . 2<.IO,!t70,:i."i2: % li.f)?'!.;;;!!! 7ii,i;ts.()tili 4 7,.".OK,:t5ri'; * •'i;ii, >7ii :t.:t84.;«i4j !,V... Ill 143, inn rj:i. ii'.ii 2t;'t,;i".ii 411. Sl".l 4!l,!f.1ll siw.tiu'-' s."i,8t)7 Ii.2'.l7 l«,!)ill 1,2S1 44.W)tt|. l.'-W! i 2,l«0j 2:1. 27H 3,672 l.".,l»«i .1 i.:»3 t.21lil| 127! 7,.V* 1 H2I 57, l»l,.'>i'."i 3.7;«.t«"i ."■.atii.ttiii :(.:i:".,'.t»7 I.v.>7.t;i(; l,iil7,:i:.-' i!;i!irjh, .^472 2.3t;r.! S.II'.IL' U,27«( 55! lL'3,4M,7ill 3,(ltiH,."H9 3..->l«.2'>2 21,248 1HI.777 I,. s;t2 4,301 31,7f<."> 4,121 !I7( /•/•/.Ai//. \ / /" iw./h/i mil, Hits till! inii >rtiiin coiiiilr.v. as iHiiiitcii out ubovi^ to r^•^lri.•t iiiiiH)rt= to large tiUiU'r>. effort wlii. h ill |.riK'ti«» restrirts the market for one-half of the total imports to t'«n«d« ami I iti'l Stiitt-s. i:ui-..p.- i- .li'cri iisiiii.' ill iniiMirtuiici- ii* a sonree of nmgh lumber. Eiiro|i.mi -iii'- uliirli \v, iv <; prr .-. lit i-f thf total ill r.»o:l wfre only 3.« iier cent in l!»i;5. Japan utii. h Mi|i|.lo-.l n..tliiiii.' ill ''•••••'i li;i'l '"vmi I'lir.'.'l -liipninit!' in H»13 and supplied over Ii,,it' ..t' i" i 111. 'I'll"' li'l'- "f 'r.iilr svliicli lui- turiii-.l towiinl N'orth America as a -..III. ..r r..ni;li InmiIh r l.ir Au-tnilia lui- not i|,.i,c- >o t.. ('aiiiKhi'- iiilvaiitaKe. While t|„. |,,,,|„,ili I r..ni;h IniiilMT -iippl> u..n l,y th.' riiitr.l St:iti> lia- riiiiaiiii'tl iitMHit Miiiit at -li iHT i-fiit. t Hiiadii"- -liari- ln'i-ii cnit in halt, falliiiy from l"-r i-t-nt to 4 p< r i-eiit in and — en lower sinet- that date. The ehief -j eeies of roiisth hiinlier liovv iiniiorted into Australia are sriven in tlic followiiijr table: — I'HIM nvM. sI'Kt IKS OK IJolcll |,1 MH1.H IMl'olMKK IMO Al ^IUMI\ 1^ I'.M:'.. ( Approximate i|iiaiifitie- i. S|irciiH. (Quantity. Ki. I;.M. I'l r oi iit ol 'I'Mtiil. I Ill ... Ni " /.' alaml nhit>' piiif uiiil riiiiii ie iIwimmI (Ciiliforiiia) (Ulii r XfW /tnlaiiH v.ihkI.- I'.:ilti, .. .. >( rut ' mil h' iiil"» k. , .I.ifi iiii-i'f I'llie Td i|>u :ll ItiirttvMHMl ... Total 23ti,Ti4,tMlii T" so.noo.nia 14 'JI,l)tlO,IK))) )> I4,2&o,ono 4 lo,ti(;n.iMKi :t ;?,iMM»,)-ti*i 1 l,i;7ii,i'Wi THtl.lKKI :<4u,uu. i-xiM'ii-.' of oiii' iif till- iiii'Vi- important -p.i-ie- n.iw <'oiiiprisiii(r 30 III r .. ii! of thr pur.'iia-i'- of rniich liiiiilu r fmiii alir.iail. Tin' pos.-ihilitii'S of --o doiiit; Ail i., |„.i,ii,.,| ,,ui when ili-iMi — iiiir llii' varloii- pn -i n! iiiip-n-hnit u-r- of l)oii;;la> fir. It will be noted that the li-t of rmiirli lumber importeil iiit" .\ii-tralia does not include Southern pine, yellow or piteli-piiie. the timber whi' li trivi - |)ou(rla.* tir the -troiiftiwt competition in Europe, Africa and SoutJi Aineriea. Australia uses trilbiifr 'iuantitii^ ituations where arohi- teets. euiiiiieer- and builders in a similar climate in South xVfriea, and in Europe also, reirard pit. h pine as necessary at any price. From this fact may \m judged the possi- hiliti.- i.ir thi- extension of the um' "f Douftlas fir in those regions now importing aliioiall.v |,|IMI.III10,(MM) t'eet of |)i teb-Illlle. I si:s Ob' Roi (iH iHH,(;i..\s kih. The chief use* of the rough Douglas tir imported to Australia are:- ilriuTal Imllding iiurposes MiniliK - ■ Structural timbers In irrigation. liriagniB. railroails, iiuav.v .onstrue- lioii .lolnery \Voml-u.slng industries Per cent. 75 9 1:!(>T4- 34 tJtNKUAl. HI •l.l'l'^'- Ti„ u . -.n.-ii.., w.,o.i y..t u.-a ... any ..u u> iu A"---;;';';;;;";;'!;;' ,„,1 South .v„MfMiM. Ill i!..- •••I'"- " . , „„,,. i„ |..„p.r l..„;.'tl. „,ul f,.r n.ft.r* wIutc li.itiv.- «-.^.a« !«■ t.k. 1. t" «.'n weight. lv„.,„n^ti..v 1^>U>M... I.. MMVK ... ..... .V 101:1. . Virt^ria ilirliiiiii::. llnir 'Wii i;.",i:n I i-T ,„ I.. I 1; M.. I'ft- f lit .'t N..« S..11I1 - . • ■ ■ ■'.l:i.-...«Hi ■> v,.t.T.a, 7-,..-.i,"<" -:: S. \u-ti..l.a - il,il.VM««. T.-MM...,,. . -.'.WI.W. ■r..tHi ;il«t,'.lH».40O iiiliii.tl , ;:;1,!;:J:^Sr;,;r.':;;;:.r':::::n,;i ..,r:::%rzt:^::"'r:r^^^^^^^ < proporti.... ..f it I- ..t „ jrra.i.. M.,., r,M "I^t I Thi- i- .r,..- ..t tl- ■;• -M..;.- - ■' ,.: „„1 ,.,1,.T .litnen- .,-,,1 .n.l th- timW r.^:.wn t„ ,,r.l,.,. U..u. n.-l-- ^ - ' : ; i, ■ . -ri.T ami N..rtl, Australia, at ,.r......t -par-, y ,,,,,>,.■ ""'f^-^^^^^^^ ^. Tttfrioii*. ,:rL;; ' t. ...^ Afri. ill iiVa SI rt'i.t:Mt:sr m i :Ki.y ni'i.i.KTi\ 36 ii,ir> wwaM u.M .iil.tr.llv .•..!„ r.'t., th. iv U ii j. .-il.i'.ity that in f-iii.' reKion> tha s„h-i,li;,rv l.uil.li„L'> w..ul,l 1... «■ I. Tl,.- ..u!y « I -uUM- U import,.! -,.ttw...HK Du.iKlas tir i« tin. u I u-.,l . lii. iK h r r,.t,. I.tm, -L-k, -aH'..i.li.w an-l l.rfl<- i„B ine«K-ti,.« ;>,„....■. ..nr l.n,|.ln,.-. 11-, ,,- ,.l-,„l„-,. .1., .ra.lr al,.,v,. r, „nr,.- ni.-lit. The menaiai.t «l,„ r, , , Ih, ■■r.l, r n„t ,.„.ii^'l, a !„rm M,.,;k ,„.i.r nmon prnd.. on iiaial l,. Mil it, l.ut , ..ini,l, l, v u wliat. v, r h.- n.a.v l,av. ,u In- var,!. ro:»iiwing it to on!,T. Wlu-re an umiMialiy n i .■ar!.-> lia-> r.-. . iv...l r, cctMl.v splendid liiffh ttrado timbor poos into tliis low (Trade temporary use. lJ,>ii.'ii Dnimla* fir t. r ,..n-rrn, piirpo:i<'s is ,old at the same price per Uiouaand ,,.,.t a- lU -i/.- fr.,i), ■■ Mi. l,. - Iv •-' iri. la- I,. \^ in.-l,.- l.y IJ i.irli.-* nny 1. iitftl. up to .••,11 |-,vt. .\u a,|,lili.,nal , li.,n:.- ..1 .fLM" 1" r ll.,,M-and lV..t f-r it!! tli.> ulwv- *|«,.-.fi<>0- ti,,ii- is mad.' r,,r l- uiitli- :;i l—l t,. to t<'.-i ii.clu-ivr. Ka.-li iidditi'.nal iti. li ..vr 12 luAxvy- iip I., ;« iii.-lu-* wi.l.- is ,]u\rn<'\ .-xtra at the rat.' i,f $l.i:0 pi r tliuusiiiid iV, t. Fv.'U if I'aritir (V>a-^t iiiamifaftunTi d,, net api.r.viafc lla- ii.li, ivi., vain,- ii, ;» ,„Ml,.r tl.al i>r..,lu,-.' li' iia.l, l.y 12-ili.-h >ti.-tis 4" f.yt •„ (..t \.>U'A. tin- ^alu.- U r. ,'.,!.MUzi il all,! ,1, iiiaiiili ,1 l,v tlii' iii'-r>-liaiits in An-lralia. iMiii K^ ,>r iiii-ki;ui;m »izii> timiikhs. ,ii-ii!i r till- followintf i-,,inpnnitiv»- statciufut tl M ,11 111 t^i 711 71 !■ Ml .0 ft. Kvr,. ,|, IIMII'I ,1 liv i;. l.-t |..i .M H. .< :! «i Ii IKI '1 (Ht !:! (HI ll.l-. )>i H t , .. I» T M Kt. 4li Ml i:i 2>i I "> W ■J' I 40 l..,tm- tiiiili, T- an- ■.iil.\ !.ur. l,a-, il wliiTc llii .v ai,- r,-,inii-.'il and wlicri' ni> sulistitutu •■ .n .'nlalil,-. .V iiua li liii^la' r jTii-.- may I.,' |,r..|., rly a-k, ,1 l-r -ii.-'a a tiiiil.,T than f,,r -inall,T ,liin,ai-i-ii that I a. a t,- a il. al, r In li.,' |,M.lii,v. '1 li, , \tra vaiao i f til,- i,aifj titnhiT is in th<- stiinipa;.',- and niatiufai tan- and nut in tlic liandliiiir. Th,. pri,v al wlii, li tinihi i's larfjvr tlian li-inr!i hy li'-ini'h aro >old to tin- piildii- sli,ai!d hi' illnminalinK to tho nianut'arturiTS : - 14' \ 14' ^ l*i ■ is- V IS" -'II ' .\ 211" E\li., rti/.,'. :ii»,v,> 1 li-t !«!,*•■. ^ i ,! Ii> niiuiiifai'tiiffi'. »(,'• ■ I IK) ■J rui :1 (Ml 4 00 Sviliii'y Imw iit.liitmary 1!<1.">. ct.s. 4ti Kvtra !il„,v-»' .'syiin»-\- lia-,' rtHfiv ,',1 l,y ,S\,l?i,'V liisliitiii. ' t.,r, -Ian. 1'.U.\ ■2 Ml 5 01) i;> ijy 20 OO i:!t!T4— 3i 35 TBAin: ASD ( OMUttHVH The. ...anuor i.. whi.-h ..xtra, an- .-harKed for « uud dear in Sydney is w..rth.v of :^ttfnti()ii : — Kxtra »l«ivi' Imw ill SytT il>ut..r ,;,; M |„.tu,..n n.u,t:la- tir mii.I nativ.- hardwoods, Uu- .-la^s of .i.nwX^':;:i: i:-:-'' ^^^^ iUustratod in tin' followinjr tabk-:— Pricks ok Kokhi r,i mbkk. Syi.nk^ . .1 \Nt ak\ . lltir.. Itiii»"ii»iim. r J* .(" mild run t' ;r 4" Ci" .')' 4'., I>".. s' IT' IT •Jit 211 I'rki- of DmiglU'. Fir. I'ner iif N<-» rt"iitli Walf..i llardwiKid". V,T M Kt. K.M. I'er M Kt. B.M. K 4ti m * FO 4(1 IH 00 S tl til .".„n.la- H. ill addition M ii-in. lo.,.,- in --—J: ^^^^^^^^^ uvaili.ni.. a. .1,.. ,.ri.- .."ot..! in any U-nix 1, ny U~ , ,,,„, i. ,.,.„uin.i in ,lv, , IK uMililil.' ill Irnirt IS under sixtiLM livl. WIu'h n.nn. ninoM , 1 ' , L ,1 r l.rii.- ttniM bo ,iaid and tl,- m„„,1v .m h tl,,.., rt.m. ,.„„l,',;\,„, ,,,„; „ S,v,ini,v, about $32 per thousand feet. I SI. i.h' l"il l.l V-^ I 111 I "11 ^11 " 1 • 1 . r \.. ivili-i 'w likriv In trail to a urn,- ot The Krowin« dairy ;„„;":,;;,, ;„ ..xist..n.v DouttUm tir ■■■iM,, i ;,n- iin^ali^liu-tory and „re ,.hi..rty pit* or budt with at. .. - ; ' ^ j,,,,,^;,,,. .,.|„ ,,„.,. >;vdi,..v mori-hnnts ooeasionidly BhtJ) l)ou^das fir s,l„ >laM-- tm m , n , u;,: !l , x"". I- .l.ro.iKh a ro,.re...nt«tivc are invosti.MvfnK .h- ,.oss,b,i,t,.s ot M^.. ill!? ' marUi't t'"i' redwood silo stock. TRAOK AS It COMMERCE SIIAVIJ»(iS THAT WOn-D NOT BIBX. 37 An instance of the l>up,,v-g.-lu.-ky mothods ruhnp u. lumber V^^"^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ afforded by the manner in which cit.v huilding inspe-tors ,„ Austr^.l a « ho absolut S rmin. what species are to be admitted to all puhli- l.nia.n.^s .,,.1 wIk. thus .^r..,tl> i„,i„,.,„.,. tl„. s,H..-i..s ustHl in private buildings, are aUnw...! tu a..,u,n tl„ >r ul. a- . „„- fcriiiuu I'ai'iHc <'(inst woods. i ■ i- , i , , •n,, ,.i,i,.f nuiMiripal insp,..'tor and ...igineer in Melh,.urne huU.uk at bouu , r.,lu 1 latti.T iV u.-.., If.- left the shnvi.iKs and »era,.s to l.ffht the aundry tuv. 'U,.turuin^ h in ,1. ni„., h. l.uud that the b.undry tire had relW to burn and had cnwsed uu„.l,l .l..u,. ~t;,. ,l..,an., u. uts. Stru..k w,th the ,dea that ^ ; ,,roof wood f..r ulii.b b.. bad 1h , n >..arrhinK, he hasten^ to expernneut further with what reinaiui'd ..t' tb.- n d«....d s<'rrtiis. . , , , The resuh lin . i.leut in lifibtins the lau.ulr.v hi.- i.;.- "-u liat building erected uud. r Ins .ui« rvi ",».,! nll..w...l and stairway-. , ,. i i i , i; ., ,,.r,„i n If there is ground for tliis ruling, pr..,«r >alesn,a„~b,i. «..uM ba\.. .Ii-.a ,,id . unvineed all pid.lie <,ffieials eoneerned years ago. . „ , If ,|„,v nr.. un grounds for their arbitrary exeluMon ot all other speep prop. - ,l, Muau-bip by tb..... int,.rest...l in a.lversely atTe.-te-t,-.l t- .Xu^.ralia for use iu mining operations. Import...! w I- f..,- ...u.. purp.,-.- .„■,■ u-, ,! -bi. ,i> n, S„u,b ^vistralm where ,b,.v are in.p..rt...l tln...ugb I'.Tt I'iri. f..r tbe llrok-u 11,11 unu..^. and tn W ctem Australia. wluT.. imp"rtHti.,ns are nw.l." tbrougl. Fr.vmantl.- f..r Coolgardie and hal- pi.orlie ffold field§. i .1 t The Qmvnsland mining distri.-ts. which are gr..wiuu n, nup..i t;ii.. .■. ai... ni..-.. Tasmania, deiK-ml chiefly on native timbers excepting wb...-.- hwbl_ fu; ver> 't'o';.^ timbers are reqnire.l. The prospects are that the nse of Douglas ttr will increase ... mining operati.ms in Queensland. . . i; One of th.- .^arli.'st us,>s of Douglas fir in A..sfral.a whs in tb.. g..l.l iH;nni^ .li- irl. t. of liallarat an.l li,.n.!iii.. Tbe pn..luction from th.se .•«mi» has gr.'atly deereas...!. nailv.. ti.ub..r still -uj.pli.'- a at pr..p..rti..n of their r.M,uiron.ents and the e..nsump- ti f til- i- u..\v .if littl.. iinp..r(aii... . ,,, ii . Ki, ba-. v. r, ;:iv, n lireat iii-laio-.-s ..f .lurabilily iu tb.' H.nid.g.. a.id IJallarut mill, s, laibliutr pb" '' I'"'- '^^''"O' , ■ .. . Tbr..u..b \V,.M,n, Au-.tr,.ba i- a ^.val liuib.T .^p.^tiu;: -lal... tb.- nnu..s ..f that wtate tin.l i't u.-.-. -a.-y t,. u^,- l)..n,h,s lir b....aus.. ..f .lu. h.r^'o -i/.'^ n, wbu-b ,1 .-an ^...•ur.Hl. a..d be.-aUM. ..f it- light w.-igbt iu .-..upari-.u uitb tb.. uafv.. ban'w..... s, a factor of gr..at iiup..rta>u... b..th iu tb,. .•ailr..a,l fn ,.b, t.. lb, iut,.n..r. ! war-.u haul from the railroa.l t.. the u.im- and the working of tb.- tin.b.>r au.l tb.; pbu inji ol it u. th.^ mine. The native hanhvoods average board feet to the ton weight and l>ouKla« fir averages S(l(> feet. . A few hu.ulre.l thousand U^i .>f Douglas fir are us...l annually ii. nuuiug operations lu \V..st. ru Australia, •■biefly in the form of 0-inch by n-in.-h for tin.b. rs. shaft au.l .'alb TV s. ts. It is ,.ousiil..r.Ml .lurable f.ir this uoe, , „ .i Tl„. luiu,.- buv ib, ir r...|uln.iu..uts as u.'.Hled through brokers or dealer* at I erUi. I!r,,k..ii lli'l Is fb,> ,.bi..f us.r ..f miuing timber in Australia. The mines, which us.. IS to 20 b..ar,l f.. t f,.r . v. iy tou ..f ,.re raised have had 28 ^^'^Pe^'f ^ Douglas fir an.l it n..w .-..nstitutes iiO ix-r .-ent of the timber uicd. About 18 to 80 million feet of Pougla* fir ore imported to the mine* yearl.r. 38 lltMH: \\l> riiMMUh'li: It il...-, -P.uii.l Imi- , li.-n.lw..rk^. nr.> l.iiis. stump iuill> ami U\\\<\- i„K-. liuilcliui:-. .Tr l.iM-. i,..Ml« .rk- v,-r tw-ntv-tixv ,v..„r- in th.- hot aosurat.i.u' elininto nf lirnkcii Hill jvi -oiind. The Kr.".l..- I.n'. ,.l tl,.. ti.nl.. , ■ i- .1 n,..|. r::r..nn.l uli. iv it i- 'M" — 1 »'•>■"•""• pn...urc for thn-,. ,,. M^ .n .„.!,- -h. .: Lurl. .!. I...n.l.- .ir i- ,.n l,_,n.,l t,.,- .. ull thf imi.<.rt...l tiiiilKTs yvX Wu A. mA t.. luitiv luinixv U l..r tl.^ i-.m-.h timt it .'hi'iilMT to hnn.l!.' iiti.l l.r!i.ls iiiiil Kivi's Wiiriiiiia: ln'tor.. l.VfiiUint:. V |.,-,,|.. rli f th.' I»..un1a- tir iiiii.infr tillil..T> nr.- UM'd in >.ts in =-halt~ iiiM ,lriv.- u~, .l t. i, t.. t«. „ts liN- v.a,-. It is ..stiuut,..! to an av. n.ir.- hto i.i suW, .:|„.,ti..n~ ..t 1,11.. n I.. t«.„n x. i,-- l'..u,^l,.~ tir '1-iiwlt h.v f'-i"'''' ^'imiro sHs i.ut_ m twuty .v..,.-s nu.. n,v Mill ~.„,..l. Tl- uioistur- ,-o„„„t .,f th. i,t.n..s,,h..ro. nv.-rauMini ubout ItMt \n-r i-i-iit. i- stal.lr ;,,,(1 -nLjc-t t.. variati..,,-. ■|'inil,. r u-r.l :,l...vc yr..ui,(i is |,larcil on couiTi'tc f....tiii;.'s. \I, ,,,„!„ ,- t.„- l!r..l<.„ Hill. k„.,vvn a- I'.n-t I'iHr .'arLrovs, Imvo so inipfov-.l ;., ,.,'„i,. ,..„,„., titi ,i:i-t rxi,..ft,Ts tl,Mt tl„. .-aff:...- i„.w l-eing r.-vivcl. ,l,.,„d, --,11 „„„i:,. a:v I , „■ tl„. M ,,:„-l r,,nal to m.r.-lmntal.h.. Th.. ;ra,l. l,i.l.. r tl, |,.,„,„,.l.-.l. at, tnini,,. .n,,!,- pr.vs atal |.nt to m.u.n^ iiM-s \Iii.-h P"»l -t.l, . t ;i,,.l -l.a,' - iiii.l. fi:i'..n,..l I.T pfoli-. Th^ usual s,„.,.i!i...,i,.,. llr..k,„ Hill i- -H k„..w„. -in-l. I'V I'Mhj-1, ;„,.1 P' ..i,ased in i-arno lots only. .iis.-harfr..,l al l'..rt I'iri.. an.l nul.-..a;lr.l s,.. .,,,1 ln„„l, niil. s to tlK. nii.i.'*'. wh..r.. it is n.t t.. >hai»'. l-aiV-' -to-ks aro .-am..! at I ..rt I ..f a„.l fair stocks at ih.' iiiinos. Vory litil.- ,,„ i,it ,1.1.- i~ >|.. .-iti.a; sntli.-iotit nion'tiantahh lu.'s in tiii' ininmir .^ra.lo. Su. i, n,. n-l,a„t„l.l.- i- s-'Hi"'! i~ i'"'!"- -" '" Iciiutiis. sizes not iuiportiMl in iiiinini.' 1. iiuth-. The aveia^'e annual lanvl.uses of the lirok-n Hill mine .lo.s „..t sl„,u any si«,, ..I increase an.l nn.st soo,. .le.Teas.. ^.riou^ly. The life ..f the tiel.l is est.mate.1 «t les. than tv..',,t\ >..U(rlas lir w-uhl .1e.Tonse tho amount iise.l. It i- iiil. i-.-tin;: t.. .■..uipare th.' uv of Doufrhis tir f.ir mininu purpo-. - al llvkeii Hill ,i„l ..II tlir liaii.l ill S,.ulli .\friea. two olimati.-ally similar r..fri.ms. Ih,- .\ii- t,. ,li ,1, F„. iKi.l- aiv „..t ii-.'.l t.. any .•xt,„t at Itrok. n Hill. DoUKlas tir bein-.r adopte.i. ,11 r„M,,i'- ,■..„-!, l. r..l a- tl,.' iii.-l -uital.l,' timb.T. On the Rand, on the other Imn.l. I,i„.l,,,i,„- an.l A,i-tr:,l,ai, K,i..,ly|.i - aiv .im ,1 to a rtvali-r .•xt.^nt than -OotiKW fir. the 1,,,,,, not l„i„^ .■,,„M,l. r..l -,„!l.-,. i,tly -.ln.,,L: .t .liirable. One s,„.-„., of Ku.-Hlypt iK. viminalisl. altlioii;:!, a „,inv,. ,.l Soulli A ii-t r.il ,., aii.l i,..l U-...1 to any .-xt.M.t in tl... miiu's of that -tat... lia- in -..in,' way be.-o.ne fav..in-al,I.N k„..wii t,. .nini.m' entrin.MTs in Afri.'a. an.l is ext...isiv..|y «r..w., in i.laiital i..ii- tor tl,e -iipply ..I !,ii,l..r-. t., the mm.-. I{r..k..n lliU niinintr men hav,- in -..m.. way fall.,, \i.-tin,- i.. il.. i.La that all (•«mi.li«n DoUKhls tir is heavpT tluin the Unit.-I Stat. - l>..nKla- lir. -.. tnu. l. a ava r that the. xtra fr.-ipht on th.' Canadiati PoukIbs fir, f.- .n, l'..rt Pin., t.. l.r..k. ii Hill, i- •. striou- item of ext«.!ise. It Is elflinM-d by pur.-hasiiiK nB.-uts for the mines that riiit...l Slal. s |),.n(-las Hr av. rau. s Tl'O board f.-et t.> the lomt ton of a.'>4tt pounds an.l that ( ';i,,;,.li,,,. H..II-1.,- lir i- ;,|.|.r. .'iiilily li. avi. r. Tlii, tl ry l,a- r.-iill. .l in al.-..lnl. ly barriim all Canadian .pailations on th.^ lust l.VMKHMMK) f(««'t of Doiifflas tir purehuBed for Hr.iken Hill. 39 1, l,„„l,l !,.■ i«.-il.U. to - in Au-tralia for imblic works . „.;,;:,.;;:„! l' 'mK ,„! l,........,,. .,,.1 .......rt w,.rks, .uUjv.. t..n>...r. Uvau.. „:,, .,., , u..,- -•;:r;,:rS::;;^ part t,. raiiwa, N;,nv,. tnul.r- has- u - 1 .x . j,^ Austmlm hitherto ;:::r.;;::;\;;:::'' n:::::-^^ irrt;.at.:»'Uive .... .... fr...« wh^eh ....uia ■;i:::'!:r.;:::i::;;;";:;- > • r;;,:;:';;::.-^;;::!^ -trn. ii..n (l- iM iideiit chiefly U|«>ii l»<^u^'lus tir. 11 „iln,,k is tor a wi.Ur use of Doujitas tir timber^. |i..„,l.„.k uoul.l I l' „ „,,,,„ , „„ , ,,|- tl„. fnnlMTs «s..a ar.. f..v te,n,H.rar.v ,mr,...ses. llemlu, k 1,1-,, \r a- ^-uilalilr as lt..\if;las nr. JOINKItV. •rii,. i,.iiM i-> Ha lf \v!iii-li . ^ K ii-iil l(.r liiiiliiinu' I'll'"!" iilliiii;-. ami "lia r plaiiiiifi mi oliaiit- wild iiii|>"rt and ' arrv liiaiiut'aclurr iina li tin- ' la-- Tlir jMliiiTv trad.' i- ahii..-t A,l-trall:i:; w I- -llital.l. I'T ll ,ver- the ...auufaeture lr..n, r..u».U .iml.,.,- ,.l all tiuisl., d .... „>eh as sash. do..,-. a,vlnt,-av,-. -ta.r od . 1 ,„„duets is almost alt..nether i.i the hau.ls ..t tlie uie - ,,,„.|<- at the ehief l^.rts. The Ma.r. liant> at the i-Tts - ,,| „.ai. rial us.d h.v the iMtfuhitioi, in the 'i'«Vr"""- ,, i,,.|v ,l, pel.d. I,t upoll imiH.rted woo.ls. I he le« „. ,,1. h iM l.. .-.mu' so rare ami vnliiahle that tlie.\ .. re hevond the reaeh nf tl..' . .rdi n,, rv i.ur.-lia-. i-. . days ,,r the ......h,- -;>• ;->'.;■■;;' ^^j ;^ t«rca or sidered .listit.etb- "..--tahle ...r dr, -- ..^ ■ - 1 ^ tinishe.1 form. Seaiidiuaviaii deal- I. . Hi le.l I P'"' ' « ' « dard raw material iiswl ill w..,„lw..ikii,ii >h..ps. i ,.,„■,.,,.. rti..nate use Kven yet the t.se of DoukI.- -i- i- .n the t. it iia n .i J :,„1 \l,.lh..nrne an.l n a. lies its hiph..st pro,>ort.o.. m h.vd,ie> ulief l«..uJa tit ,1, l..itv 1.. tiltv nrr eeilt of til.' idamilK mill stoek use.l. i;:,i: Li,e t.;w,, the attitude of individual mnuufaeture touaids l...i,.la- „i '"■'•rh '''■ilu';ti..n d,.n,au.l- a.„ n.,..n l.> l.,..i«W fir ma.u-faeturers. If a few of the 1 1, , ,„ii,iti..n n .H. „,,„„( a tiirers. formerly depoiident on Scandinavian 'i'::" 'iwiier^'io --H-;::. :: inip..vied ny for ^^^^y^^-r^:^ tii:s Hi... Hiat they , J-, . hi.'.iv .■•..n, -'-^-^t::'^?^: a «r«.le of •'-"^-fi'^f :;;.;'Xre is m:u:if..i; a l"-ihility l-y ^W«nlik.. -li ti.;iSi.^J-l"n "J JW r«„U nna of m«nuf«etu«.« from S^au- diiiuvinii dt>Bls to Douglas tir. An t^nd \].\\ i.f thinl ;i ni. \ n lu S^Mcitsh n ,1 iltnls uwilUiTfHiy in Awntraltft, Africa «ntl the l'iMi«'u*i;Mi tin>*"'r !« brand*"! in thi" nittmier. M.-itiy dcaitt aif U Aiu'y wiVHrttl mt\ nearly n\\ ti»ntAiit hi-»rt. 41 WlX>D8 rSKD FOR SIIELVISO. SluUiiiK. u 1,1.1. WHS a' ..,„. tin... wholly inip-irt^d dressed, is n.w dressed in the local planii.n mills from niuxl. luml.or. VVesteri. s..ft pi...- and r...■.! t.. «r. at ,M. nt now, on ;i.-.'ouiit of pri...'. U'iiiK dispia.wl l.y Dnuplns fir i.ii.l \v. >t.Mii ^pni.v. Th.' retail pric's ..f the iini>ort.Kl sliflvinp: tisod is i^ivet. 1h-1..w I'.'U'e MeUtouMit'. June. 1914. \\ lilt, i.iii. .. 90 on Wtsltrii siifi pint' ■ ■" .. 76 SO Ue.iW.ttlll ,, rr, HouBlas flr ., '-I;; -„ Xpriii-.- Ill Sydney native «-...m1s ar.' us.h1 to a great extent all ..f wlii.'!. .'ost i- I'. r llmiisand fe. t more than spruee or Dontflas fir. Then' is likely to 1«> a i'oiitiniion." increase in the use of Dounlii- tir nn.l spru. .' 4.elvintr. , . . , , 1 • It W..11I.I 1m- tn th.- M.lvaiitMtf.' ..f Canadian export trade it British « oUm.l.ia pro- .lii.-.Ts ,.< w, >t..iii ...tt pill.. «..ul,l .■..in.' t.. arranp-inents with Canadian exporters for the ■( u, -t.ni n.ft pin.. ^lielvinB and dear grades in AustnilKt. .\s I i.i-i...- .-.•Hi I... ..I.tiiii....! fnr ..xp.irt t.. .\nstralia as can W seeure.l in any otii. r nmrk.-l, nii.i ( au.uVa - ilitv Mipi'lv tlii- mat. riM w.iul.l i-t Can- adian' exp.irters ill nuiluiii:' up iiiix.-.l . Mi-i:...- aii.l Mii.plvin- all tin 11. ..t tli.' Aii-tra- lian purchaser. . There is also a jiossihility of working out a gra.le. say, ..t lin.- ^'rum. <1 y^^'"^' of a high degree of suitability for joinery stock, for which a higher price could be secure and Sydney. Douglas tir is being used in an amount less than 5 p»r cent of the total m Melbourne aii.l pr.ihal.ly ..i..-t.nith of ths total in Sydney since the war. Redwo.,,1. li.iw, V. r. i> ii>. .1 f.'r all classes of mouldings and Douglas fir for .inly a .•..iiiparatiM'lv liiiiit. il nuni'" r lim'-. Th,. p,.>Ml,iliti,.s t'..r iii. r.a^iii;; ili.' use of Douglas tir in mouldings ar- en..rmous. With an iii. r.as.' in the use of this wood in moulding will go an iwrease in doors and three-ply pa'-. Is. The clii..r .ili-ta.'l.- ill th.' way at p.-..M.iit i> th,- la.-l thai, altli.iunh l»,.ii>rla- lir moulding st.M'k g... > t.. planinr mill $1-' to *1.". .-la i]" r than n-.lw 1, l...!li ar.' >..l.i in nearly all .-as... at .a.-.mI.v th.- -am.- pri.-.-. Th. Au-tralian manutacturers see no advantage in letting the piihli.- liav.. th.. lu ia'tit ..f tl li. apri- u 1. Co-operation between tl... l>rodi rs of D.nifrlas tir ami varni-h an.l -tain .lis- tributors or manufacturers in Australia to demonstrate the hist methods of treating Douglas fir would lead to an in iii;ili~lii|i ii ul'i .itiT ii-i.' (if ri'ilu I. (»n (111' .itlur liiiiul. Uiiuirlii' lir. wliii'li imi-scssf' maii.v iulviintiijri-- iivir ridwiiml. iiotici'nlil.v timsf of <'liiii|itn'>^. rr~i-tiiiii-f In iiijiir.v uml Viirii't.v of i-ffi-ct> |iiis>il>|r. Is rci-fiviiijr 11(1 cxiMTt ari^ist;iiici'. Altlidit^rli rc(l\vi)(iil is Jlil,* til $17 hiiilicr in ci.t'. (ifii-c tliaii 1 )iiiitrlii:- fir. uml i< iiliniit liiulnT ill ri'liiil |iriiT I'nr rinif:li Iiimlirr. the i-n-t >•( tiir twn \v I- i< tin' -aim- In tlir Im.vi-r lit' iiiti-riiir trim. >iii-!i ^kirtini.'--. imih U. iin liitrav i >. .\uiiiii tlir ili^trilmtur ali-iirti- till' |iriitit ami will .hU .inliii;i' n. lln- iirmlm-i r. tin- ni.in iiiiikini; ili.' -ncritici-, (li |irivc~ I>inii;las lir ol' it^ i-Uifi \aliii' in llir .\ii-lraliaii marki l. it- i-lii'a|ini ~,~. 1IKM(I\STIHT|((\ llK TIIK TIKS lir IHI| i;l..\S Kill. .\ iMi 'il im ii M-i in llii- ii-i' i.l' |I..M;il.i- lir .■■■nlil l.i- iiiihn'i ii in-I -in-li i \|ii rt (|.-miin-t r.il imi. .'■^iii-li |iri,iui|ii-i - :i- riiiiaiii :n^:iin-l il- mailiinini; ijU.ilirn- inulil \k .ivi ri'.in r r. .lii.-i i| !.> ili in.ih-i r:ii in^: iliai kniv. - -i l Im' ri il« I inii-i In- |iui in a ijillVri 111 I-, iiiiiii i.,|i ('..r |i.inL;la- tir. Th--.- .ir.'liili .■!- wlm arc -frkin:: n lirl l'i'"iii tin- lii-ail l.r.iwn i ll'. rt- iniiimnn in n-ilu I inn ri..r- i-.nilil In- >liii\vii limv iln- man.v lini-ln's |iii~-ililc |.. Iliiuiilas tir iiia.v lir |ir..ilm i-il. .\ri-liiT. i l-- wlm i-\aiiiiiii il tlic tiiii^liril donrs sent nut li.v tile l!rili>li < '.ilmiiliia I''iirr>t iiranrli liail pri \ inn-l.x r. Iiiscd to U-lii'Vi' lliat sufh .striking and attraclivf roiilts wi rr |Kissili|f « ilii the uiind. A {Treat cxtcnsinn in the usi' nf Dnii^rlas tir tor joim r.v is |Hii.sililc it' liousc liiiildtTs are made aware of the lieauties of the wood t'or inferior finish. This iiiiTeaseil lrinle ma.v he secured iniite as easil.v if tlie e\|iiirtiiitr priee of the artiele is inereiis<>d as if it reinaiiied at its ]ireseiit level and a jrrade of liiiiiher for interior tiiii.sh and .ioiner.v is (levelo|ic(l. The Ih'st results are not possilili. so loiijx as the Australian inanufHetun'r ill |ii ii>K laryel.v on |>iekin»r his faetor.v stock for inferior finish from liierchnntahle sliiptiiciits. WllOll fSl.Mi INDISTUIIIS. The Wood iisinir industrii's of Austniliu. aside from liox factories and the phniiii;; mills discussnl ahove, are not ftnporlaiif. There is a prolmhilit.v that the.v will increa.se with the p-rowth of the emuitr.v and with the iiierea>iii>r tetidetie.v of Atistralia to inaiiii- faeture her needs within her own iHirders. The estimated eonsumptioii of timber in the wood-iisinp industries of the tim iit (aside from box fu<'tories) is 40 niillion (M. Only alMiut seven millitm feet of till- i- l>iiii;r1as fir. I'hr i liii I' industries u-iiiii rnuiili l>iiii;;ki- lir an- r.iilui.s -Imp- nr l a r l ni i l.li plant-, uii.iil pipi- factories ami inaltrc— fac;.iri.- .'small i|Uantilii - nf llic limlicr arc used ill man.v other imhi-trii -. Siranuc am. malic- • \i-t in llic ii-.- ..I l>.iiifila> tir in tin- inanufa.-l nrc ..I' railua.v pa--cin;cr and lrcii;lil c,ir-. In Wc-lcrii .\n-lralia, a stale pii--.'~-ini; \.\rii< .|nantitics of liai'ilwooil- iif -pc ic- c\p.irtcil 111 l''nclaiiil for ear eoii-triict imi linilicr, Idniylas lir is u-cil for frci^ilit truck sides and ilcckiiif;. In the hot, dr.v elimate of Wc-t .\ii-traliii, cie.ial !i> that iif South .\frica, v.lscrc lliniirla- fir is refiwd ir. favour of the more expcii-ive pitchpiiie, l)iiu>:las fir has (tiveii fiftivii .veurs" satisfactory wrvicc in the deekiujf sides and ends of ojien coal mid other tuoks. ThroiiBhout the other stat«'«. sl l'I't rUFM in Wh'CKI.y III 43 ,,|,,,v ■..UUI ..t Ih.- l^ivatrl- ^.-nrritv ;Um1 UlV.ltvr ..f hl.r.lwo hI tillllHTS til.' IHC ..t Uoiida- lir luiul.i I" . N|" .-t.'.l t.. 1h- lu-.n- ;r.M..Tiil f.-r fr<>iKht trurk. it is us.-, i,.., r . ar >i ri.iud- au<\ >ilK u|.|wT aii.l l-wcr lontfituaiimls uikI lor ruiiniu;; iM.ar.k In Mi. li iK.Mli.Mi it 1- -lai. .1 l.v 111,. ..iifrinr. tn iriv." v<>r.v satisfartor.v s^tvkv, one ruil- n.a.l LMvin^ ,t a,, a^. lai.,- Iil.^ ..I lhM-.> n. ..,'-. Tiii- is nuit nlrarv to the attitluU- ot railway ..m..iaU m S..ulli Aln. a au,l ..il,. i- i...iti..ii> ..f tlir Kminn-, where IK.ujflas tir is .•i.ii.M(I.Ti.ii. , Kven in .\u-nal,a ilu ..t K.m^ila- lir L..' railway work is not u"ii<;"i.. AlthnUKh in . V, r.v ..tl„, -n.t, ,< i- iiH .l l .r ■ ar . . .iwtruetion the New bouth Wales railwi'V.- vet admit il r.iU!.'li euiislnii-ti..n .nilv. Swe.ii.-h ra.-ti..e in pnrehasitifr KoUKlas tir varies anion;;-! the van..u- railway. S..iiie ourehasiiiir deiMrlnieiiN import el.-ar stoek, others -olr.-t li-..m -t...k. ..1 m. r. liaiilal.lr ■a id l.v mer. liaiit-. Insane,., were noted where sills and eant rails to W Let l..ni; , -a»i, in. Ill 11.. ivhai, table >t..el<. Tlii^ eaii only he th.- ease where the matmtaetuivr ,.x,„„t, .1 a vahial.l.- ^rad. ..f liml.. v f..r iiiu..li than it is Worth or where the n-, r. il. a. . . i.tiii:: 111. i-. liaiital.l.- i~ u-inii ■> --id.' L.r piirii..-.- for whieh it was never iiit.aal. .1. a p..ll. v ulii.-li .1... - i.'.t -iv.> tli.^ tinilu r a lair trial. _ .\ little pit.-h pine i- -till iiM.I in .Xn-tialiau r.iihvay- l..r imri....ses tor whieli -|H.i iallv .selected l)oii<;l i- tir wmild -iitil.-. . The piteh liiiie 11-...I in railwav • av l.inl.lin^ .-..-t in n..rii.al lime- .^.V. t,. if,:, per thousand iWt. Ituriiw tl,,. ,^al■ tl„ l.i i. . Im- ^ ■ ^l-"' 1" 'l.ou-aii.l. I luit a nnl l,...i ..r more piteh pine shold.l h.- um.,1 in railua.x «..rk-li..p- annually at tli.-e pru-es wla ii I>oujrlas tir at a fra-'tion of the pri.-e woiiM r\, i- ..i f the many illtistratious of the n.., e-sitv f,,r more sah'sinaiLship in marUetiiifj l>,,Uf.'las tir. An ind'i.-ation ,,f tli.. failure ,if the Douffias tir exporters to ur,- a pri,.- lepre- ntin- t!„- valii, ..I th. ir prodn>'t exists in the ease of the Vh^toria Slat,- railways. ,v|,i,.|, paN ,.iiK .sll p,.r tl,.,iisand feet f,- a srrade of Dousrhis tir fit for ear striutrers ,n,| , ant rail-, .i-- r, .|iiiriiiu - L'se ^rrained seh-'t and eh'ar stieks inehes h.v :iO luehes l.v Id lV, t-i;o f, , t. an, I pav at tli,- -am,' fim,' .t'l."- r th,,nsand for pitch pilio boards 1 in.-h l.v 11' in,-!,,- in 1. h;;tl.-. -nital.l, i'..r niniiin;: l...ar,l- ami .-teppiiifr. Th,. u-,. lir in i-ailwav -I...]- i- limit, ■,! .■lii-'tly hy Hie ih'sire to nse U'ltiv,. tiiiil.,a--. Naliv,- timln-r- i..-,- maii.v valiial.l,. .|iialili,- hut aiv ditlirult f,. -.H-ure th,.ron),dilv s,-a:-..ii..,l in tli,' ii,.,-,—ar> >i/,- ami .luantiti,- aii,l ar,- .lilli,.|ilt I., .■■ork. DoURlas tir is ,-li..ai.er. The railway ..tti,-ials eii,l, av,,iir ....'aiitly I,, u-,' iiativ, wri.-e should he inereaM .l. par- tieularly if a w. ll -.'h-e, ,1 (trade adapted to inaniifa.-turing purpo-. s i- ,...n-taiitly ,up- li'ied. . . |),,u..l ,- til- i- ii-,-,l I., a limit, -,1 .^xffut in furnituio, maftr.>ss and piauo fai'tories f,,, fi-amiiiti piirp..-,-. Tli n-nmptinn is v,.ry small h"t by dilifrent wlliiiR mifrht be in,.iva-,-. ULila- lir. Ch-ar r..iii:li l.....r,l- , hi. fly 1 ;-in.li hv linelie- are imported Canadian shipim-nt- ,-.1-,- th,- l.,-t r,-.-, iv,-,l up t,. tli. pr.-, nt. i n,- ,.oiisumption h i,^ h.-4.n up to 2.ri<"Mi.iHio per y,.ar. TarfT" toiai.titi,-- of niaiuilm.tup'd u,.,„l,-ii i.',".,l-. hrnk,- "si^.-t s. t,-,iT roles. lian,lles.''v.-hi,-l,-. ,.a-..s. furnishin^rs w,-ve i-,^|irn-,-,l t,. ,..|Mili th,. Au-tniliau tr.;..)!-. Il.,u>tht» fir and I'a.'itie const *.priiee. tlu- ela-aiiest. lijjhtest, m.ist easily work, -! timbers 44 :iviiiliililc ill any iiecdtHl sizes, were U8«l, but were f^radually cliiniiiated in favour of local species. Xo substitute could be found however for IXouglas tir for portable btii?n- injr sections. The wood-workiuK indu-stricM of Aui-tralia arc in their curly clcvclupmciit. The proper uses and treatment of the ftrcat variety of native timbers ims in few cases reaclud its tiiial (li vcldpnii iit. Xevertheless, Dmiirlas fir and -prui'c will nssiinie much greater iniimrtanee tiian iHTctufdre and opportunities exist even now for enlisting their jiale and use. imKS.SKII I.I'MBKK. Tlie dre>^iug and sea^uninf; of native woods beiiift difficult, the whole of Au.— traliaii requirements of dresse0 iHT tliousoiid on all dressed lumber, a very jrreat proportion of the flooring, eeilintJ, HniiiK. partition stock and weather bourdinif re()uired are imjjorted. In spite of constantly iniTi a~iii>.' ihitiis. inii">sed in order to foster the use of native Woods and to restrict iniiwirts to rouRh lumber only the quantity of dressed lunilM-r lias frrown rapidly, a.s shown in the subjoined tables :-- (^nuiitity of (In-ssfiJ ^ P*'rt-**nt ^'l•al■. lmiitH*r iiiiixtrU-d incr*-;. ovi-r j«-rMKt. I5.M. 1903. p. f. I'-Utt 24.7li4.(Km 190H ! 4»<,aj6, at pn x iit it is equal to oneHpiarter the volume and on«?-third the value of the rough lumber imports, renders it a class of trade well worthy the attention of Canadian shippers. The followinff table shows the amount and origiii of the im|wtations in l!ti:!. wlioii the duty was $7.20 jier thousand feet: — I miiiii l'ititiii m/ Df' sx.'jl l.iinihri- iniii A iisl riilin. !01.}. foiintii^sof Or.Kin \ '^"'"u.m! It. \nr\v;i> ... Svedva 23,f)7l!ai'.' I 'nitwl States I.'.(;t,s,ii: "if Aii-traliaii l)rf»»i(l 12 I '.MIS litis p. ■J8 THK KX.\MI'I.K oV >i wrilNAVlANS. The lu-hiev.nients of Xoru-ay and Swedtu in this particular b.ar a iiiural. par- ficiilarlv for Ka.st.Tii Canada and possibly f-.r Western Canada. Norway. I smsp of .liniiiiijiiiitr f.in>t resources, first developed the practice of exporting licr lumber in tl;, iii..~t Iiijihiv iiuimifncturod form. Norway had built up a large trado m dressed IumiIm r. wlnK Suv,!, ,, wii> -till cmiti-iin).' her efforts to .selling rough lumber. Recent liiiu LiMu-iii TO Sw.d.ii tl.r l.-iir of ovpr-dittin>r her forest resources and the ',„ ,M .-it.v ..t l.inliliii^' u|. rx|..,ii-. 1.. ! -o inu.'li by iiu-roiisiiin the volume as by adding iiK.n labour and ini rea>injr tbe value. Sweden has eous.Hiuently cauRht up on Nor- way, increasing her proportion from 15 per cent, in 1903, to 28 per cent of the total iii'uti;i. Thesis two countries, with inferi..i' I'.n -i n s,jure, s. by e,>n. c ntratioM ou niaiiu- faeturinfi methods have I'aptured the .lre.s.s..d lumber trade, not only of Australia, but of Africa ami South America. Meanwhile Canada has continued to export rough lunilM-r only. Tbe tinib. 1- Iron, wbirb Xorwrwiaii and Swedish dressed lumber is made is white -pruee (/'/. , „ rrrrhr) an.l a r. <1 iiiue (/'iriM* s),lee»tris). About ninety per cent of the Australian iiniiorls are wbite sjiru 'e. The trees from wliieb tbe lumber is eut are small, barely lartre enoucb to produce a :Miieli by ll-ineh deal. The boards are full of titrbt knots, an.l nnn,. are fr. e from sap. The manufacture and grading are ..xcellent. The lumber is all ctit .so as to be full -ize after six nuintbs air drying. There are no manufacturing defects, and the method (if ilres>iii;; in machines with fixed knives iiroduccs a smooth waxy finish. Ml Sean,iinaviaii .in --.^.1 -tiitT i< vei-y .■arelnlly firaded. Kaeh manufacturer has an iiulivi.lual bran.i lor eaeb irrade. aii'l wbile mannfai-turers diff.T a little in tl-e standard of firadinf.'. ea.'b adber. s to bis own standar.l witb sneh remarkable eon- sistcnev tliroufih lonf.' i«Tio,|s „r y. ars tbat tlu' iroods are sold ou brand alone. ( .■rtaui favoured braiHl> eommand a preuiium in prire. The liraial- are -tamppe-l on .-aeli ..t every board with a gelatine bamin.-r. Tbe boards are tie.l witb iatb yarn in l.inMil.- .,t six or eight, each bundle containing one length only. In normal times dressed timber is imported from Scandinavian mills, often tbiou "b l.on.b.n ajrents. both in parcel lots or in the frequent Scandinavian or Qeniian mail an.l t'rei-bi steamer lines, and in .-art. .es. Large stocks are carried by many Australian mer. bants. some sfo.'ks amounting to 10 to 12 million lineal feet. These laetors tb.' familiarity of Australians witb the timber from the earliest (lays it. execlU-nt manufarlure. perfeetly si amhir.lized srradinjr. it- li^lituess and case uf uwrkinti. and tbeea.se with which small iiuantities, all absolutely true to u'radis may ho bought, have euabletl Scandinavian dressed spruce and pine tloorintr, ceiling, lining and weatherboarding to monopolize the market. A certain amount of native dressed timber is used, particularly in the markets i„ost a..r-^i!.lr from West AiistTaliH and Tasmania. The dressing of Victorian. (^K onslaml. Xe'v South Wales and New Zealand hardwoods, for flooring particularly, ha. iiKTeasi'd in proportion around Melbourne and Sydney. A few dry kilns have been 45 I HUH I \ ;< < '» \nirnrf: ,1 1.1 |.r. ii;iliv< \' .-h|,. :niii in .Mcll'i'iiriic ;i -liili' ilrv kiln i» ■iiii riiti-i| wluTf ii,„,iii,Lj 1- .hi.il ..r >iiaf|i;iM 1. Till- intiiiilily i>f iiiitivf wfxxls ilrr^st^l hii.« iiHTPii.wl iliiriii^ ill! w.iv. N.'M rill. I. - iin|...ri..i I~ tli.- 'ii.irk. I. 'Hi. |if..|..iiM iii whirh (jr.- -I'll IuiiiIm'I- I- iiii|...ri. .1 lli.' \ .iri..ii- -i.il.- i- -li..«ii in ili.- I'.ill.iw iiij; tulili-:— I iiilKH-lilti'm of />,..vv, ./ I, mill" I- III III' ri(/ /(iii\ SI'ih * iii lUI-l. >t.ili lms.-.|liiiv:. I'.. M. It, ■r..t..i. ri.i|...rti..ii .1 r.'Hk'li t.iT.ii.. I imirt.rtn fjikfn l.v tl.i^ StHt. . i..r , , * ' il'i.'K"' -'• \.wS.'..itli Wal... V K;i.l«ltl 17 s..i,lh A,i-lr;,liu ll.-fJ.IHHi I I UV,t Ai.-tialia ... ;i.i'.v-'.ii!i" I , T..-..uiim .... I.-.-"--"".! I', \.'» r.-mt.i> . , Iiii|>ort.'il >iirul>. I.iriu- lli.' iiiu-t iiiipurliiiil tlnnriiic. ii..t only tor Wnrkim ii's i'ottii;.'.-s. in whifli it i* thr n.iiMT^iil tt(>..riiiM'. I'Ht nUj for ii viT.v hireo )ir..|i..rti..n of lii'ttiT cki-^- hnii-i » iin>l iml'lii' ImililiiiKs, Inii.i.rit.l .j.'iiit ..r ImmiI..! -prii.-.' liniiiii iin.l .•. ilinir i- lin' ni'.'t cM.nmii-n lining, .•(■iliiii: anil pa i-i ■ I i. .i i ^u.,-]. In i,. ar!> all I .ill Mi iii;-. Siniilarl.v. ^pm.-i- WfiittiiTlioarilin^' i- n~i.l I.I a i;r..it .At, lit t lir. •uliIi. .ill lli I'l'.^ in .•..iiip.-titi..n with native Wi.oil-. I'aft l. iilarl> ill ill.' i:r.." iiil: i iiip..rta hi li'.i.l. ..I lii.' iiit. i i..i "t lla' .•••ntinriil, wli. r' rail Irriulil i- an i mp. .fi aiit !a. l..r, .jr. --. .I -i.rii.'i liuiil.i r i- ii-.-.l in y.^arly iinTc-a-ini; iiuanl itifs. 1 Iri.— cd -pni. ■■. i.. 11-,. . .1 W- .■..ii\ .■ni. n,-, . I .i- 1., ,ai ii-. ,1 !■ , an i ipp. .rl i nt .|. r.-. In iiliildilitr r«il"a,\ .-.in a.al a- !!,.■ ii lniil..a- i.,r r-unU -li.-at li i iiu w 1.. r. Iiinpiirary l"fti.-i-, pariita.n- wall- ai-i' Lnllt. 'I lii~ i.- part ;,ailarl.\ lln'i-a-,' in all. ilu- . N.-rpiiiii.' ,><.iiL'la- tir i~ ili-piai-inu; ( 'aiia,|laii iLii-rinL: i- nail - .at. il liy till- f.ill.iwini; >lati'iiii-nl ..l' pri. rnliiii; in tin- S\.|iii-y iiiarki t .la.iiiary. ll'l.'. 'iM't'nri' till- war's ftfi-ct- wen- I'clt ) t',.r lln' i liii-f -pi-.-ii- anil -i/.-s in ii-o: — I- ini-li. .1 -■/•■ t . IJ.-lMil 1 11. I 1 . ''I"'"-- ,-,.>,r it I'^-t « ,t-. N, u /..-ii!,,!..! lima . . I \ ; '<' >'<" i; \ i :<>: i > N.-u /., ;,|;,l|.l U;,,,i i t \ ^ ^1 I'l" r. \ : 7!' i; V i; '..s in .\ii-tr.,liiiii li.ii-.i«....| ... ^ - "' K.niirla* ni- . ... \ - -"'T < 4 \ ; 7 till ii.i'.ta ,-.i,.n ... ' ; «' r. V ; 112 40 r. X •• r.4 <"i i; \ U i 'W ii-i i 48 I It \ HI Wll riiMMHItlK All ll.M.riiiK^ .Ml 111 imihI.iiii li imtli~ "i ti'ii t.i t\vcrif> t,il .iihI \:\ru.i .iiiiiii- tit 11- .111^ .-pi-ri;il 1. iiL;t h .iri r. ■iiiin-.l .-iii « . |,,iru> .,t > l,>n ili..ii-iniil I- iiiiidi-. Till' variiiii- AiL-tniluiii nml Ni » /. .il.niil li.-ir^lu i- mIm h ^vll iiiMhut.M iiii. .1 .unl si'ttsourd ."lu'iilil fiiriii-li llir l"'»t .ivailnl'li- rl,i-> 'I ihiiic-. I'Ik! ii*<' "f IliHir ciiVi ritiKs ij* »" Ki in Tiil in Au?-ti ami tlif piililii' i- w tddnl to "iiftwinnJ ttiMir^, timt, takiiiK the wlmlf foiiiifr.v intu l•l>ll^^ll€•rl^ti^>ll. Itullii- i- by far the iimst I'ciiiinion tiiMiriiii;. Th<" witltT si/cv of lloi.riiiK .in- pn lVrri 'l, ouinu to tin if i in Liviiifj. Till' noujfliH tir u*«-tl is* lu-arl.v all run in Austntliu, fliicri.v t'toni iiiiporti'd stri|is in Syilncy :in(l from iorally sawn »tti\m in other jKirts. The Aur>triilian uiiinufiirttircd fir is inferior in (|milify to the ('anadian Mianiifat'timil. the work i* ro\i(rlicr. tlw timW i- 111* i>r..|ii rly M'Icctcil or drit-d iind Hat and I'difc trraiiiod aro fri Miicntty niixiil indi>»- 1 riiiiliiatuiyrlv. It l aniiot 1h' .■c,ii>icliTi d 'liat Moiijflfls tir tloorin^- lias yi t lie, n |ir..|«^rly liiarlii 1. 1| in Aii-tr.ili.i. Tla inip.irt.ii loii ..f Umii;!:!- tir tl -ini; i- >t,ili il t.. have d*><'liniMl iliiriii;: tlir pa-t tVu vi .n-. 'I'lic lloorini.' trail, in Au-tralla ii m i> imp.. riant in \..liinii. ami \alui ami tlicri.' an- luii p.i— iliilitir- |..r ('anailian ma nn !ai t nr. r-. Tin. . Iiii-I i . .im| .. I i I i. .n L. In' nn't i- tl-im-li l.\ J ill, h ami i; in. li l.> :-im-li wliitc lialti.-. a lull ''i i'li la - in «iillli uitlimit ihr toniiin 1 1 I 1- maiiiila. liir<.rs may rind it iinprnlitalili t.. maiiina. inri- floor- iiiir I'l.r I'Sport in ili. ■ \ai-l -i/c- in wliicli Haltii' i> n-iil in Australia. .\i-vi-rtlii.li.ss tile traili' is Mortli ~i i iiriiii.' . il l an lu st Im- 'ci'iiri'd liy inci tinsi I'Vt'ry dcsiri" of tlic < on- ^iiniiT. A widi-. Wi ll inacliiiic S..I1I ill Australia if landrd nt a prii-c "liii'li would I'liahli- the dealer to ■1 at u littlf less than the jiriee of Hiiltie. A !pcritii.atiiins as pi.ssihli.. 'riii. mail ami i-arLT.. ^tcann rs sailiiitr ri i;iilMrl\ t.i .\nstralian p.irl- allurd an rxcel- l-iit . .)ip. .rt liiiil.v ..l' f. .rw ariiiiiL'- i'arcrl -liipiin nl~. Tla. alm..~l im\italli- liiiilar priii- i.f Scamlimn ian \iliiti. l!....riiii; iliirin;: tin- la st ii « yi ar- lu i aii^i- ..f tlic lin ati r finilicr demand in Knr. p.. p.iinr- t.. tin- prr-i nt a- an iM'i Hi nt pcriml ti.r il( \i l..pinLr tin- traile. \\ times of iii.i nial t ri itrlit rati - sprmc LaUain. lii nil..i k. ami iL.imlas tir ll..nriiijr. delivered alontrside m— i I at ( aiiadi.in imrf-. in -i/i- iiii-lii.~ liy ; im-ln.- I.y s f,.ct to ■jn fci f. ramloni. ..ild ami i vi n lenjillis, at .ti'."! p>-r th..iisand feet. ;-incli charfred as 1 inch, -h.inlil timi .1 ri ad.^ 1 iitr.\ t.. tin- .\ustralian market. A .">-iiii'h or aS-ineh width, at slifrlit h>wer price, would he ai'ceptahle. Provided suitable shippinp facilities cxi-t, the spruce manufacturer^ of Eastern Canada who occasionally send rou>rh deals to Australia should l«* able to make exeel- leiil licadwav in this tloorinf; trade. II. trade ..xteiision UNIMl .SND I Kir.IM;. i^rain. a comparison of existing prices shows an opimrtiinity for Canadian Haiti.- Willi.- poi.-. N- ^^ '/.• li.lll'i « Mitt-. Kiiiiri h Ill Fiiii.sli.-il Si It.. l;al.l.. tt..l. \',.I.I'.V ..r v.. !■• > ...il.-.l I T .V I ; (• V t I. -I I- \ >'. II' \ ^ 1." . ir \ li'.-v r.I'v I.' IJitall I 1..., .Svilii.-i, >tanii:ii \ . I*n.% iMT M. f.Ht. II. M ;ij 111 :(:; i^n .w 411 IS II. I ."'I ml .is iO Ml (10 :«< (■)> .'Xt 00 SI /•/•/.f.'i//. vr ro n urfii.y ni i.u:rn 49 'i'li, . . .1 :ir«- for riiiiil"in. ■' ! I vi II 1' iiL'tli- > iii' l • - t'l Jii ill. Ill- l.iiiir. All i-Mra ■■hiiri;. j*1.^i> \wr tli.>ii-ni»l .t i- iikhIi' N'r -i>i-.-illi-ii «("«•!< il.iii! iln— "(l. The wiiltli- iiiiil llii>-kiii-.» »tiil"il :iri- full. Atii'ti'iiliaii iiiitl Ni w Zi iiliiinl himkIs iiff wM'iX for HiiiiiK oiil.v to u litniii'|H>r- tioii .if tli>- totiil. iiiiil '•lii.ll.v ill 'Ill-Ill. iiiia. \V(-t Aii*fniliii, Sy.liii-.v ami Bristmiie. Kt-i'wliiTi' till- ii-i "f Swi di-li i- 111 M r-;il. 'I'lir |i..iii:hi- lir liiiiiii;- ii-n; .ir.' run in .\ii-liMli:i Ir.'iii iiiii'.iih'l l»',inU. iiinl cnii-iili riiii: till- olT -i/i - mill tli.- im imI lii riiiK tluit till' l>ou;rlii- tir liiiiim- m>1<1 in tin- ."li-iii'-li i"y i iii' h at |.riiM-i t iii|ntc with till- liiillii- iiri' iiimli- in Aii>trnli)i, in .|imiititit's wliii li il.i not a'w f nil o|i|iortuiiit.v for ri iliii-iii« niiimifiU'turiii;; oor-t*. trr.ni iMnird-* imixirtcil umli r ;i iliily of .*>».to |,ir tlioii-nnii. tliiit full— izi'ij -tork i« iiiitHirtid. with i-oii-i-.(Uiiit loss in iliily Mini lii li;lit. will roil- llii' nmlv iii;imit'in-tiiri il liiiiiiKs coiilil lio iinportiMl at a duty .*'.i.t;ii. it ;ip|ii iii'~ tliiit tlii ri' i-iii 111' no ri a-on for not adopiiny: the chi-Min-r i'otir«c :iii'l . A|iortiii:; n'oiii ( '.iii.iila tin- n ady iiiai, ii I :h ! Mi-rd -t..ok iiv :lii- ronvi-iui-nt reffular mail and I r. -I. ain. r. Tin- iiio|-o n. ariy tin- -to.'k ran l.i- |pi-o(hicid to .■i;'!>roxiiiialo ill. Ill '-i 11- .1 -w" of l!;dtii- t'.-iii< li liy ^-iiii'h, A-iiirh niipnii'i' or l .il-.ini !•■;;- in coiini . li.'ii w iili a mill >pi'>-i;dizi iii; on tin- .■\ii.-traliali n i|iiirfiuriil- of dli --od liiailM-r. i'\<-.,\- Iniiilur i» not in-i'i--:iry and wouM not 111- aiiimi-iatid. It is t->i ntial lli.it knot- -liould In- sound. tij:li' and stiioi til dri-*iKl. lliiiilook with tlii>o i|iiiilitii- would '(c ai'i-i ptalilo. WK\T1IKKH<)M11>IM1. Wi'iitlii rli. .irdiiiu i- n-i i . n ni iii.v uorkli't-i'V .■.■ttiijio- in .Vn-tralia. 'I'l!.' iiiianli- tifs iiiiiHirt.'d anil '.dly aro larjii- in -pito of tlio fit . use of mitivo hardwood- for this !iuri»isi' than for liiiinirs and ttooriiisr-. Till' I'oinpititl.in to If nut tin- -upidy of 'v atliiTooardiiifr is iiidiiMtod luTe- iiiidi r . Kill. -111. I Siz.- .lali. 'I'.ll... p.r .M sujifrticiiil U'»'t. .s ct-. l„.i,.il. ,l, I ...It ,.1 1''- V 7'eliaii,f. ivil , III tt .- i„,..i. ,1 ,„ ,1,1,1 1.1. ,1 .ii-.-.ii. , . til I .|. ' lii-l,.' 71; Ml - ,,, ! pi I , . II. ,! . . tm :i' .,„ i I.,- «-' *> .Sp..,i,, r, iiiH ii.,oiv 1 l>,.ii.;l.i- tic U'ratli. rl...ar(!- in ii-i- in Au-tralia an. inadr in various pait'Tijs hut the hp-t pros- pc-.-t- f..r i\|...rl inn l>.iii;;la- tir and -pnii'i- fn.in C.'iiada wili h. a plain l.i\ ollnl hoard, -ipiaro rdf;rd. rut two out of li-ilirh hy 7-ilich, >-inrh or ln-ilich. Thr most i inporljint. comp. titiou to \>c iiiPt is th.at of Baltio. srliintf in nuniial times at about per thousand. The shelving iiiiports of Australia havr .l. ilinr.l in rrri'iit years. Tho most im- p.irlaut s<^>«r(f is now Xew Zealand, with tiie l iiited .States seeoiui. Ttie speeies im- ported and the retailed prices indicate Canadian ehances for eomiietition : — 13074—1 W'lnti iiine White . . . . VVfKti'in M»ft .... WVn't-ril '»n!'t pill** . . , Kh1«i...1 RHw.kkI IKmikIhh Hr. . . Koiicl:i» Hr . . . . l)iiuy^lii> Hr ( iif its < lu;ipii( -s i.~ iiicri iisiufr in iifc Wistcrii siinuv niiil lu iii- lock Imth liiivc Im'i'U tiscil and are likely tn lieeniiie more popular. l>RRs.'mil nt' (lri->rcl -In lvini; i- imp irti cl wilii iir<'— cil j:oo(U. Tlic dlit.v iin ilro-iil l.ijnl- ^'.'.I'.d per tlimi-MU'l ;i- ■•Mni]>;nv.l uitli In ..ri r..ii^li l.ciir.ls i;. imt siitlii-ieiit t.i iiKikr it pMlitiil.lr to cli-, -- liiiril" r ill .\ii-tr;ili.i. Tlint iii..-t nl' till- :-lii-lviii'; is lint (111— 111 ill Ati^tnili;! i> ilih til till- Ijrt tliiit till- Aii.-triili;iii iiirrcliaiit can liu.v liirjiv .-li iir pl;iiil>- mill llit'-lii - >iiK,ii ' t t.i :i l,.\vi'r rati' of duty at about the same priee Jier tiiciii-iiiiil :i~ till- iiiih li li-- \;iliiaMi ~iiialliT sizes. lletiil.., !; i- L;r iii^ in l n. nr in .\ii«tralia under file name of Alaska Shelving. Sprnee i- ill-, -liipp' ^l ^liii'pi' I uimIi I- llii- liiitiie. Till- ii-iuil -pi ■•itii-;iti.iii i- .ini--li:ill' ill IJ-ini'li. iini'-i|iiiirti r in 1 1-iiirli mnl the balance in Hl-iiidi and l^-iiidi widtlis, dre.-sed to 1-i It'i-incli and mi invoieeil. Western suit pine shelvin>r is also imported to a certain extent drps.«ed from 1-iiicli stock bdtli sides and iioth edjres. -S-ini'li and up in wili" an li.i m lii-a ppiil \i\ liiiili prinil -tiiiiipa;^.' c.f ail iiil'i ri'ii- i^radc, and \»li" p. i--, n.i adv .i iitaiii > in t vaii-p'Ttat ion iiavc drM'li'pi d an incn-asiiii: trad'' ic" \Vi.rtli iti:',,iHit(.iiii(i yearly, ('aniidians by startiiiL' with parcel ship- rnent^ liaM- In rc an iinrivaHeil tradi' o|H'nin(r \vlii<'li with the return of normal freight rates may be di velnpi'd. l.o(;s. 'I'lii- duty ri.iiihl -niiari'd l"i;-. |m r ■■cnl ad val 'i'i iii. lia- i'licoiira::i d in '■ri a-iii;r imports. Tin- l l adc lir>t n ic-lird anv iiiip'O lani'i- in I'.HiT. 'i'lii' yri lU I li I'l' tin- trade has been : — Vim tiuaiitily |riii3 21.1, nnn lioii .".22.nnii liiii.'. 177.000 jMiii; 1. 134. 000 1 ;mi7 , , 11', t:.2.iiiit> I ;oi V , I tl.r. vj.miu IHICi 1 1 .lllHl.iiiiii 111)11 1' I .I'a'.T.'iliii Ifvii :':t,:iiiL'.tiiiii l S4I 7li Wl ."i3 »• 57 ti<> HVI'PIEMKXT TO WKt'KI.V BI LLKTiy 51 The S4mrii> of the imports and the average value of the hiniher are in the following tnhle:— Imports of Logs to Au.itralia, 1ft IS. Origin. Kll>^tt» New /palaixi Other Countrim . Quality Ve«t B.M. 1 ! Av«r»){e ViUtt< 1 ! 8 OtK. 14,4'AOOtl 1 20 45 8.(iMK,(liil -r« iKins KKOM .I.M'AN AM) 111 >S1A. Thf iiii|ii>rtiint iiniw>rts are those of softwoods, eominK whully from Japan ami Uii!-.-iii. Ill I'.His two-tiftlis of the imports were from Rurwia, tl»e trade has recently iiiriitMl tn .(iifiiiiii'sc siiiirccs. 'I'hi' iImiIm r iiiii" 'i-iid i- ;i -oft pine, wciikiT tliiin - nii w l^it -iiiiihir tn. int'cricir M i-Miiil j;rci\\ih ulilir Tlic Idjfs are l'^ im-lics to iiiclii'> >i|uiin' and li' to lt> li l t li.iiii-. Tin- tr. .- nil- i viili'iitl.v rather crooked. The lojfs uro hewn with waney I ili:i- ruiit.iiii iiuMiv -iiiiiiil kiiiits. .\ hirui -;nA iiiiil w.i- iii'ar Mi'll'iiiinu uitli tin i l.jri i ..t' Iniililiiij.' u|i all ini- linriiiiii liiiiilii r M'inlc luiM'ii upon iiii|iortiii{r lo^;s. Thr iiiiii-|iri-i' lias not ,vet been sue- ••i-^-l'iil, 11. . i|iiiilit.v of lotrs irii|)ort('(l for thi-i mill, rliii tl\ Itussia, wei« round, uiilii wii ami Wi re snp«>rior iu quality to those supplied from Japan. Itistrihiilioii of l.oy.i imporleil info Aunfralia. 8tati' liii|Hirtiiig. \'ut"ii.(. X.-'l SmiiiIi WhI. - .... .. Si.lllll .\ll^t^illlil Wfj^terit Aiutraliu ' >iiMiisliin<1 'I n»iii»niii. Total K«-t li M. 14,21."i.iKill (l,21T,<«itl 2.0UU l.ono mid ItlHI L';i,l:tii,.sg(i IVr tTtit. «1 'I'll'' i lili l' ii~r oi' iiiii>..rti'il lofis lit till' pri'si'iit tiiuo i~ I'lr fhc' uinini I ;ii t iin- of liosi s anil i-oulIi i iMlinL;. I'lir IiiltIi tariff on liox sliook~ lia- liil -cm imI ini|portaiit \u,\ u-or-i |o iii^l.il si(U iiiilN i'mi- ilif niiinnl';ii liirr of I.hm- mihI r.i-i - l'r..in ini|iorlril l.iir~. It iloi~ lint ,ip|u :ir lli;it .la|ianiN,. |,,^'-, i|,,v\ tlir rhi. t jdt; inip.irt- to .\n■ IninluT; tlio i|iialit\ i~ li... !..« l.. .•..uipc-to uitli P.-irilio I o:i»t wooils and the l ost ol' the lunilier too (treat. Tlii' prii'i' ol tlie lo){s c.i.f. Sjdne.v ita- ill iiiiniial tinieA ulxiut $30 per thousand feet on a nieaxurenient pri>ducinfr about I J pi i- I'cnt over run. Tin' supply of tIniliiT ill Russia mid Japan from whieh loirs nin.v Iw drawn is Inrire. Tile iniportHtioii at the present is chiefly in lhi> hands nf one Australian company who nrt' npents for n .itrontr Jiipane.se e.Njiortinfr eompan.v. A ipuiniii.v of ilie lo|f« inifiurtiii are ouk mid ash fmui Japan to sawn for th» furnitur(> and like industricti. i:i tir r.-!-'i'>ii is :iMc.iuilly ,li„.u-r(l ill Au-lr;ili:i. '\'\ir '■\ur\ r. .i~..i! ll.iit -II. 'li ;i tiMilc 1ki~ lint Ipn-l) ilcV( l<)|M-ii.-li 11- Au-n-iiliims hiivc nut livcli I'lliii-iitccI tn ii-i', 1111(1 tliilt Au-tr;ili;iii'< iirr \\'>\\ -n-uriii^; :i liiiih i:-niilc of iiitTi'lmiitiililt' lit lit Ifii^t as low a prici' as any at wliidi tin y . oiiM import lojis, miw them and prfwln.M^ mixrtl mmmnn ami niprfhniitalilc limilior. Til.' cost of sawinfT in Aiiffralia i« IiIkIi. Hivakinir down O-inch by 12-inch flitchea into l)onrd> is cliiirtrod iit the rate of $t" to $s por thmisniid fci't. 'I'lio llop,. li:i^ fro'inciitly l.c n , \piT-o.l ^ii tlii- -\i\<' tlir I'.K-ili.' tliiit Aii-tvaliiiiis woiilil iiiipoi-l lof;s ;u„| thus roli. vr till- iiMvki t of 11 -iiuill ]iv.>|".i-iioii lit Ira-f of tlm .■.■iiinioii prodii 1 l.y tlir .-NptTt tnido. Tli.- n in. .ly d...- ii..t li. in tlii- direction.^ It lios ill ,1 i-.iinl.iiiatii.ii ..f rxportcrs siu-li ii- "ill i-i.iiipi-1 l'..n it;ii puv.'liiisors to lako a ti\cd ))roporti..ii ol' -..iin.l .-..111111011 with tli.' oth. r uradis. a prop..rli.m \vhi«-h oould ii!i 1'asil.y Un'iI in tla- l.iiildinn o|«Tations of Australia as in the huihling operations of (^nnndft. noOH STOCK. Aim. .-I all ill.. il.M>r>< UM'd ill Aii-lralia. nnlil al»>iit t iirht Noar- au... w. r.. iiiiporlod. Siiico that tiiii.. a -IK s-fnl otTort lia< L.ti, iiiadr Ly 111. an- liio tariff t.i ciiitiiif Australian piiri'lia-i-s ..f d.i.ir- to llio prodin'ts ol' d..iii.-ii.- fa.-t.irii-. TliiTo U'\niS prai't'cally no nativo tiiiilir in Au-tralia -uitaMi for the ooinnioii ■Tadt's nf dmirs. the iiniiortation o| iindr. -s. d .l....r -t . k . iit t.i -1/. has liwii onwurajred I. y a l..\vi r tariff than that applying to oth.-r roU}.di Ininhi r of small iliniensions. I'll., tariff 1.11 ron«h door sto.-k was. until Dooomhor, 1!»14. ^l.iO ikt thou.'sttnd, and II. .u- i- iTiT.L'o p, r tli..ii-aii.l. 'i'lic tariff on iln.ss..il ,idly: — V.'iir. I!..a._-li |)....r St,,ik lll.|...llt L'l.'..oa*i 7.WT :it Ht .<,llrted fMin Kunsia in 1B14. 54 Thf iniportiil ilui.r >t.i.'k (.'ncs wholly to S.viliic.v, McllMiunif hikI Atitntrs till' un alcr portion of tlic imports. The hijflicr r..-t ,,f i-r,l«.MM|. it< >.iftnr:-- :inil llic n -i riri. il riuiyc o|' ii-cjinii'nt- possible with it h:ivi- in I'l rmi yi ;ir- N d to n lllofr of lil'. 'I'lir i-hii^f ol.j,.-! ion |., llic il-r of l».i|l:;l;i- lir i- tliat iho l'( li( f i-xi-t- lli.it ii .•o>i. III..)-!- t.i worl< ; fin-i.iry iii.i i -lininli- that llii- < \li-i -t i~ lo to 1.". nr- pi I- ,1 ■. hi ~piti' of llii- .\ir;i hilmui- ro-t Doimhi- li'- iloi.r- i-.ii; 111- iiLiiiul .II I uri il irim-i- i lii ;i|il.v lliiiii mu.v ollu r mi tiir njiiritrneli-d nuardinsr the effects to he obtained by the various finishes mo>t suitable for l>ounlas iir. •Mtlioutrh the import- of door stock have bceii ini ri .i-ii.i;. tin- nianafarfurc of d'liir- I'roin ordinary' luniln r i- al-o inrrcasiiifi. 'llii- i~ pari iiiil:irly true of Idm^la- tir ill".!--. i-\i-i-!lcnl mall rial for wliiiii in.iy be M li ctrci Irmii rm I'l-iiaiilablo caruoi- Thi- ii-i iif llou;;!.!- lir for ifi,.!-- U niorr i-onimoii in Syi|ni \ ili.in .Ui »\!iiri. Ki ilwooil iliiiir -lock i- -old f.a.-. lor per ibousand. I'ln- ii-iial -pi citical ii m c.ill- for -cMTal -i/.i - of iloi.r-, but the l'-IooI by s-inch by ii-foo| by s-j,,cli by U-inch door constitute- luo-thirds of the total. The sizes ini|)ortcd for ihis door are: .V<». of I'k'i-t'S. Sizi' of I'li i i s I>(H>rs. Ki'i t H..M 2 .V X i; V X 1 » '• s'lii- V 'i" " - I. M !J" X 4J" .X 3'4J" 1 .S M 1 • \ ly \ 1 7 V I •Kl In •!■ l: li" X ii" : 2'H" 1 IT.J.TI I.. &B. R . J" X »" X 2 SJ" 1' K'ltii:!? Tiii.il fi.i iN iii:;:; .\t pi r ll -ami. llii- iiiali rial iiwceplinn |Mnu'l.<) co-Is on a o."i--liilliim fri i«lil rat. .si7.s| pi r I lii ui-.i ml iii i, or ''•I cents yet dr«>r. The inaiiufaetiiri'd door- sold in normal linn- for •Iti.TJ each. Although inquiries have been made for DoukUis fir door -Im k, i's|»>cially for the Sydney market, quotation- have Ih-cii ditiicult to gt^curo. It should, to enter the tiiar- ket. sell at a litth' h-ss than reilwiKiiJ. Sny [U'Mon d-.M!riii>r to I'lstcr this trade may fpeure itlquirie^< thrnuKh business firms whose nanu>s ai.d addresses may Im- ohtaineepartnient of Trade and ('om»m>ree, Ottawa. SI rri.i:\ii:\ i in 11/7 a /.) iiii.i.iriis 55 \Vi-t,-ni -..It pl'ic' .-I...-U i> iiU.i ill ■li-iii;iiiil mill iiuiiinrai-tiin r- in tlir iiitci-jor lli-iti-li ( ■..liiiiil.iii wlio riiii .ii liv.T thi^ iiiiitiTiiil I'.ii.-. Viin.-..iiv,.i- ;it .■<:^ t.. .tin per thoiisiiiul >li..ultl Imvc iKi (lim>-iilr,v iii ilisi«.siiiK "f it. ('Iriir >|.ii-k is ic,|iiir<(l Inv In. in pitch sftiin*, I)uii<1I(h| twenty pieH-ps to tlif ltuiit.wk is iisniiliy i..\i«irt.>il t.i Austniliii tofrt-thiT with IuiiiIkt carniH > in .|ii;iii- titii'- v:ii viiii: ti...in -ii.niMi tn nvi r lim.iHMi f,., t. The rcjiuhir ciirfi.i siiiliuK!* Irulil Hritish (■..liiiiiMii oll. i- MM .-x.-i'lli iit ,.|.p.irtiinitv ,.f niliiiir t'..rwiir iiri> imiutiMl. I>..iii;lii- tir "loors iilso iiri' ffo<|iioiitly piiiiiti il. Tliis rrciitiiii'iit of tl.f timlHT ili priv.s D.hikIiis tir of oiio of its >riv;itist n.lvim- tiiiros. its :ipp..,iniTi<'<-. Silliiiii it at tho sium- prii-o as rinhvooil dt-privi-s it of its other liih ;int:ii;i'. il- I ln iipih'--. I'aiiili il .lo.,i- iiinl p:iiiili il int. i i..rs iiiilitat.. amiiiist tlio use of Doiijrhis tir. Kiiorgy shouh) Ix- drvoto"! to pi.piihiri/iii^; stained Hiiishfs in Australia. ,||,,,iK<. .\liont 7.".,(li«i.oiMi «',.,.t .1 liiinl.i r i- iisiil aiiniiiill.v m An-ti-alia in tlir l.nlliT. Irtiit Mild meat pai'kiiijr iiidiisl l i. - ,mi.I in tlio ili-trilMili..ii ..f inniiiif-irtiiri il iiii'l "il pr.. In.-ts. The coiisiiiMption in Sydm-y al.nif i> oii.< ihMH t' fii t. The «ro\vtli in tii.' fniit ami moat indiislrifs is likoly to tic rapid and roiitiniioiis. \ali\. «.....!- alv n-i-il t.. a liiiiitc-.l oNtont ..lily f..i- L.iN sli.i..k-. KvoM in West .\n-tiMli;i an. I TaHiiania uli.T,. a fruit oNp .i-t Ira.l.. i- l.i inir l.uilt up ami iiativo woods ai-.- til.. . iH a]..-! an.l l.. -t in .pialilv. iiii|...rl..il u i i- ii-.'.l f'.f tli.' i;r. at. r pr. .p. .vtioii .f th, 'rii.. Australian » U aiv t.... h.^avy. -;.lit in naiiini;. "arp an. I L.-iiig .•"!.. nr. .1. an- n..t prrp..ssi.,a«e importing ready iiianiifaetured si ks and to iin|Hirt r.uitfh liimlier from which Australian hex fnetories will make shooki*. < ii\\<.r;s i\ TMiiKK. Suei-essive all. ral i .n- liave 1 n made in the turitT to aeeouiplish this object. The lariii on slionks iia> ri-i ii as f..ll..\vs: — Year. Duty 1.11 I'r. --. I SI u . in.) >t It. v.. M IIHI'-' tlNIK i'.ni i»it » a- 7 ai II 111 lull Miju rtii ial iii.' i-iir. 111. lit nil ilrrsMtl f:..-. -, I I J .... II 41. Iliitv .'11 K. ..ivli SliiHiU. |.. r M ft, II. .M. :i liu '.I t» 13 M 56 / /,' 1 hi: I \ /) i n 1; \n in i: With -lli-il ;l nil' ..I' liiilli'^ II imturnl t.. liml lliiit iiii|>.>i'tiit i. .ii": i'. .iii|ii'i-r a very sinnll i»r»*itt»rtion, li Sri tliim 7 IMT cent i>f the tiitul. The tiiiinirtiitiiiiis in I'.H:! wi-ri':— liiijiorts of Uii.i- Shnola info Aiixtiillin in 1!>I.I. IJiiiiuli Sd.mki. 1 >r<'«M'.| .''tiiiitk". i 'ittintrv of ( h tiriii. itii.i.iiti \\ Villi. iii.iiititi V\ V t.ii. 111 1. . t \'..lii. . 1" 1 M It. Ill li .t V.il.ii'. |» r .M It. It.M. I'>..M. II..M. It.M. s •■< ct>. « !l cf». •.',if.'i.'»«t n.'Vn!:; 11 'II Is, 1111.1 >(ii ii\ m; Noi w iiV . . .... l.»7!t,(»«' 4H,t;r:f til *ii *'ii(l:Mla 1 111 1 mill n;t 17 •"II.IH-" .~i 'I 1 1 1 111' II 1 " 1 'iiiicil StMtt ». I'.K.iii ii 7.i'i7'l .'t!t M (M'jHiini\ . . 11:1. IMM) ■' .::!•_> 4t .sii V.I. :!,:tl" -jo ■{■■•.,\ - . - - — 2. 1'.t7.iii.(i i;t."> l,:!7s.iiiiii ."ii;.iil':i t i M - i 11 1 ! >' ')'[ ;l 1 i" II' .'! r..tii:li *li"..|\* liii^f l.i i ii -i. ;ii|i!v 1 1. '. 'I'l 'ii^i im'. liii'\ vvi'i'r almiit 1 run.' 1 !i t',-i t ill 1 :i - mill -'.i>ii.i III! !. . I 111 l:i| 1. 1 \. r\ .\ . .. 1- -li iiii: a ili'i'liiii-. Sui i!. 1. .■iihl N . 'i-u Inn c 11 \Mi>- III 1.1 1- ^11 I'. i- . .'Ill ..|' llii- lra.|.'. i'lll' iltl|nirlill ii 11 ill' ili'i— I'll -liiiiik- .111 tin; iillii'i' haiiil iia^ .-liuwii innro I't' a li-ti.I. i.i'y t'l n iiiiiiii iiiii-tiiiit ami ill mil nai-lii'il its srn-ati.st tntal i'."'TJ.rti'il r..ui!li -li.M.k- li.iVf !ia\(. liij"ii ii-i'il rliii'lly ni tin' I'ruit ami raliliit |iai-kiiii;' ii!i|ii-l !■!!■«. Till' ili-tril'iiliiiii iiiiii'iifrst tln' variniis sintcs in was: - Sl^ti. '.111 Ultit> . I'l l r. nt. W.-t Ji.i I,."i.')ii,niHi j.- N. n s .mil W ill. . .s.sii.«Hi(i :;5 • ii- .-.1111111.. HHi.tliKi 14 s.iiiili Aii>tiiili.i i:u.ii(io t;i X'iit.'iii . . l:il.ti(iii :i « _ rill' 1I11--11I -liiiiik' i ri' ii-ril i liii lly tor iiii-idciii' nml nil cii*!'-; ;iiicl iiiii'kinsr liifrliiT :.T.i,|,' r,,,.,l (.i-imIiii-I -. t ill. iiii)N.i'lal ii.ii- in I'll ' wi ri. ili-trilmtril as t'nlliiws: • Sliili- '.I'litmiM . I'l r c lit. \. « S.Mlll W.il. - J.iils.mm 71 \ lc t..| 111 »24.0mt l.-i Si. mil Aii^iriiliii, irat.iimi 12 W.-i Aii.ir.iliii 1 1,)"") 2 >.. |..M_' .:- ill. iiii|...rl,ii i.'ii ..I -li.L.k- 1.. .\ii-lralia i- nialiilaim il. ' aiiaila, lii.i'ailsi; ..: .l!..,!. 1.111,I..T 111 il ri'ijiil.ii' I'.ir;;.. -ii i'im i' -ailiiii;-. Iia- llii' ln'-l 1 .|i|.i .rl unity in flu .\lf.li..iinii' mill S.\i iny niaiki'l^. I lii' .Xili laiili' niiM'ki l t'nr fruit Im.vi^ is al«ii a iinssj. >/;'/•// I// \/ I'l wii'hi.) iin.i.rrix 57 l.i'.ilv r..i' CiiiNiiliah , riif iiii|».iti r> |Hircli;i>i- liirnu^:li tiiiiin'r lin.k. i-- witli wliuiii ( 'iiiiiiiliaii ( \|i.ritir- iiui.v fri't in tourh hy vvritiiijr tin' Caiuulian Triitlc t'uiii- iiii— iiiiiiTs nt .Mi'lli(iiirin'. Till- ^liooks from Xorwii.v ami Su,-ili ii ^in- -pru.-.-. Tli.-i Iimhi CiiiiiMl.i :ni(l tlir I'liiliil Statr- an- s|ini ml iifiiil>"-k. i-liirliy lii'iulm'k. Uciiiluck -/im- -i-rviii- liiit siiriici- i> l» ttcr liki'il. Till' i-lilrf |i.i"il.ilit.v t'..r ( 'iiiKiili.in luiunit'iirlun r- i- in iIh' -"I'l'ly ll''''!"- ill.- Au-lr:ili;in 1im\ l':H-t. ir'u-. 'I'll.' f ii-.r, nl' A ii-l tmI -lirl, 1 :i.-t. .ri.-, .-.iiiiH r- Mild ki'l--. ail'iMil.v lliiiii nn.lir i-iili rnlii.ii. 'I'll, ii ,i iii.r. mi- -iii:ill.r u-i is arc -iipiilii'il liv 1m'.\ lai-li iri<- "iiriMtcil liv liiiilicr iin rcluiut-. or imrt iciiLirlv in S.viliii'.v. li.v sctiarntc Ixix inaiiiifacturiii},' i-uinimuios. Tlii'sf factorir« nt pri'«i iit ii-c Japain-r piiii- li'tf*. Kasti-rn ('anadiaii >priii'i' ;!-inch l>,v !t-iiwli deals, Xcw Z<-alaiid whlti- piiii' and \Vi>t»Tii spriu'i' and licndork. Tin? cnni- piirativi- prii'i> of thi-st' wmid- c.i.f. and <■ i- a?' Ih-I iw: — ! I'lH" |»1 M It. norm:*). N. « Z. ivlan.1 Wliif pill- 1 a.i.| 1 V' \ 12" x In' -ill j 2S f«l .l.lpani-if pitir : Jl ^K) \t: .iiti- -pnii'.'. . :t I 'i I>.;,1 \ :t> IKI 1,. .. .il riailtltinli K'lT" 11 pill' (."L's ... .1 211 IH) \\ . -1. Ill ^piii.. ,, 11.1 ii.ii,:. .1-1, II \ 12 .. 21 '"I w /.■.■il:iii.l uliili' pini' i- till' i ii-i .l 111 .\ii-tr.ili:. f.'i- liiiti, r L.-n,-. 1 111 ui. I la 11 ~pni.-.- ii.i> n..t .vi-t I'l-i-n tri.-.l iiimI 1- ii..t .-..n-iiliri .1 -,il i- t'j.'!. iry l..-.:iii-.' > I' lli.' ilaii;;. T ..1' liiiiiliiiL; lli.' l.iill. r. It uill pi..i.aii'.v 1.. . \t. h~iv. i.v wii. n lii. i'.i. N .ir. iiiadi' kniiwn I'dii.'. rninfr tli.' -ati-t'act.iry use t.ir luitti r li.i.sc- in Caiinila and I'l-i xviii-re. .laliano^c pine is used cliictl.v fur >i.ap and similar Imxci'. It i-; n.it i'i|ual in -trcnyrth or ipuilit.v t.. W.-Iitii <'aiui.liiin -prii.-o. Ka-liTii ( 'an, 1. linn -pnir.- i- tli.- hii:ln -t lira.lr li..\ liiiil.. r ii-. -l in Aii-lrali i. 'I'Ik' liitili pri.M' i-. li..\v.-v. r. an inlln. n. .■ a;;aiii-t iN wi.l. r n-.'. Small .piantili. v of i. .rally yr.'uii planlati.iii pin.' .ir.- la.u coniiny int.. tlir inark. t l'..r llir niaiiii I'ai-tiiri' of lioxc*. Tlii' supply lar a- it is tlu' lirst availaldo Imx :nati'rial for ino-t piirpoxs cx.'opi iim linttir. I'airly larjrc an'as ..f tlii- piiir il'liiim in.^iiiiiis) an- lioin); planted yearly l.y tiii' vari.m^ >lali' ir.ivi'rniii. iit- in Aii-lralia to [in. vide a loeal Mipply of^oftwo...! liiniln r. Almul lO.lMK) aiTcs of iilaiitatioii' now i xi>t. Till' K'l'ovvtii i^ very rapi.l: idaiitat ion- ■J'l y. ars old have averayinl tiO.iMHi Imard fii t per a. re. Til.- 1.1-1 -mil'.-.- ..r 1.1 \ liiiiil..a- app. .ir- I., l..' w. -ii rn -prii.-.-. It i- ii-t uell Uiii. \ii. Ii.i\iin; 11. .t Vet lueii u-.d I.v -"111.' ..I til.' larLi. -t la.'I'.ri.'- ami i.iil> 1.. a limit. '.1 .M. nt l.y .'tlu'r-. Shipmeiil-. kie.Hii a- l.'.\ t^ra.le. Ii.i\e I..-, n re.-. ive.l. Kx.-. pi l'"r .H'ea--i..iial lari;.' kii..l-. it lilU r.. i ii i n iin nl . II. nil... k will n..! .• 'iiipil.- \\li.;i -prilee Iieei.ine.s llmr'nmlily known. Ulile^~ it i> «old f..r Ie^« than >iiniee. The eliiel' ..lijeetion- to lienil'.i k ai'e its weight and liahility to split under nailiiiK "f lU'intinu'. The Anslralian Iiiler-tatc ( 'oinnii-.sioii after iiive«tiK:atin(f tariff eonditions r .iiinieinle.l that Cana.liaii -pru.'e li.' a.Imitted t.. Australia iliity free f.ir li..x liiakiiiL' piiip.'..-. Till- I'.'i' Mil. lli"!.. if a.h '.il. '!. "ill r. -nil in ihi' \vi|iinL;- ..iit "t' -li""k iiiip'.rl- ..1 all i la--.'- ah. I tli.' .'r.aliiiii ..I an iiiip..i'laiil .lemand t..r Wi'-l. rn ( anadian -priiei'. sci'i'i.t:\it:\ r to \\ ki:ki.\ hi i.i.htis 59 As i- iisiiiil in I'liiiiitrii'-^ wIhtc satisfactorv joinery ami iiain lliii;; wDod.-i arc cosily. vciUHT.s arc ii-i'il ill .\u-tr:ilij l^r iiiniiv I'lirpi'-i - wlirri' thin lin.inl-. ■•iiirlly u iili' driir-, woulil be use! in ( aiK.iln. I,:in;i- ■ i'l^ml i 1 ics ol' -".-lily vrtin-r an- I'l.r dail" pain |. iiiiT, ilncir |iaiirl~. pa--i-ii^( r i-m,i,'Ii lining aini I'T liriiiiij. Un kiii:; ami ilrawiT littiiii.'- iii ilii' i'lirnilun- iinlii-tr^ . AlHiut citrhly \H r i' indn^try. A ihri'c-ply 1mi\ aial i iii'lii-!ry i- hi inir di vi'l,.p,'cl. Tin' use of vcm-er has ftrown rapidly a- i;- rt>-fl.lHI«l {:i-J,i«Ki illM llilJV l.!llH,'l ] 1 , ;iils,iMi(i iiiwi llJl rill- rapid ^riiwtli ill ini|iMrt!itii>iis li as Ill-en due til a n-i- i«nitifiii <>{ III.- .-!„ apn. and uri'iiti-r durability of venwr as ciuiiptiri-il witli tlu' elt-ar piiii' and reiKvnud [lanels previously usetJ. Tile i-ituntrii-s supplying? three-ply venet-r- are: — <%niiiir\-. Kii^>iii ; ifi'iii;iiiy I'lUti'l Killt(<)nlll. I iiiti.l Statt'i S_«i-.|.ii Ni-llu-i-laiiiis . Appriixitiiati- i ipiantitv Mi|x'iticial | fi-i-t. I X..">44.00"i »H.00i> aia.iKHi 143,0(lit \'aliie. 2f>.!rJi -J7..SI11 1. 'i. ;i..Vi-.' .(Ws AviTa^e valaM !«iit'*^rtii--ittl ft-**t. .irjo in 7 , I i:to ii."i2 •117 itl>i Tlie :.:i-.i\vtli ill ihi- i;n->i:Mi -l.ai-e nf tin- trade ha- lieeii v. ry rajiid; in r.»'i> !Jus-ia supplied Hilly a little .iver t pel lit of Australia'- reipiireiiieiii-^. a< (-oiiipared with "4 jier eent in I'.'lo. Ilerniany's trade im-reased t'nrty-l'iild in the -anii time. Almost the whole of this thri>e-ply is aldor or birch. Simdl iiiianiiiii - nt' m ii,.. gany, walnut, oak, ash and othor oriiamvntal woods are imported i-hiotly from the rniti'il Kiii)ii|oiii. iliilland and the I'liited States for furniture mid railway carriasre- buildinp purposes. 60 I II I or 1 v/i I II M \ii:i;< i: I in jn,ft >i t,! 1 I III ' i\. Iir iiii|Mirtiiti(Mi I.I' M iK i r- N (li-lriinili il iiiiiimj;-t tin- Viiriiiu> >tiiii-. ;is iVillowi*: — Stiitf III. I II %»-litii itn(«.it).{ J. , 4.rM;s.iiii \.-\i\.i**l \ .-t Au-lr.lK, Mi».<«Ki '•I^'""-'""' :«I«.II.I0 I il«lii:ttil.i .*){* (MMJ Th.- fm-hii.Mv iihlii-tn li-i - li.ivi- |.|y l.iivh jii.l jMi riii il„ :; tijiii. ^nul t lliirliirrliasi.rs ,(l ■^l.ll ti. -tiMU p.T linii.ln il iV.-t l'.,i- th,. :; miri., .■iiiil ^l.'.tO t,. $-_'.:>S for tho liJlii. lir.-t iiualiiy. wliii ii is us.il »o a liiiiit.il , \ii iit only, v<,*{« twelve to twenty por cent morr tiinn ihr >ri.i.iiil i|iiiilily. .•^iiiail qiiiiiilitii.s i.t' .-I nun. aiiU « nun. ar.' ini|i.irt.',l. Tlic iii^avicr thirkn.-M-i an- ii^^cl for tal.k- ti-iH 1111(1 outsi.l,- in fiirnitiir... (I mm. wli..|,.>al>-* normally in fnll .^luH-t.> at iil.,,iit $:;.;,•( jMT humlrtMl. Tlw ■ N arr in s'vw fn.m :W< im-lifs l.y 4«> in.-li,.> imiMirti^il in t! mm. llii<'lrs. Seeoiid quality only is ii-..r |.ani l-. 'I'lir ,1 s uli. n in nse aro iiaiiit. il. riie e. i, f. pri.'e in n..rni.il tiim- f..r d • |.;iii,-I -t,,i-k wa- *:!.:'c' per hiimlivil for -.M-.inils^ and .tJ.iN r. i- lir-t-. .\i tin rlain imiHirt.T.s estiinnted the e.ist laii'li'il in tlir w.ir,-li,iu-i. ai i-riit- |.i r -.|uari l'....t. Tlir lai-, |..,,„-N aiv iiii|i..rli'.i I.Hii.r. .. > 1,1 >{ in,.],,.- fln.-k .-tf..iiiily li.iiin.l "illi -'i-'il' ii 'I'll.- .-..lit, UN ..f |!„. IhiihI:. .ii-i- i.r,,tr..tr.l liy l..w trrmlr slii'ds ,.f tliri-,-|.'\ |. .V, riiiy. Til,.,! • p-nii I arr iln-litly li,.!niil witli lath yarn. 'li'' "''I' l'i- "lii.-i .! an a.'tiv,- ilmiainl at hit:li prir. wlii, li prnviilcs a favour- al.;.. .■!.]. .rtiniiiy |..r ( aii.i.liaii iiiai. , l.irtun i - I.. ciitiT thf niarkot. f'anailian eottim- \M.i.(l. aldi r i.r hin li ^In.nld I... pi rfLTtly Miti-i n'ti.r.v. iirovidcd that the (rliiinfi is watcr- Iir.ii.l and fri'i' from hli-ti r-. that nianiifai'ture and frradiufr are even. Till' tl•an^[n.rtati.l|| fai ilitics. |. .rlicniarly from W. sti rn Canada, ari' exeeUent for tills tiarccl liiisincss. The namrs of Aii-tralian impni-i. i'. ,,\ thr, . ni,i\ l..- -iriiri'd fiMi. lln' Cnni- miTi-ial Int.-lliiri'iir. Dranoh .,f th.- I >, pailii.. nt Tfa.j. and I'.ninirnv, Ottawa. M... .(..1 ; ... . ! !.i I. , .. I ■ .■ 1 ...I , , ' ■ a:r: ; . 1 la .wr.y it;;.. .\ i; -; r., i ia i~ •■^l.i; ,,f vi-m . r ,irc n.i-k..nod fi.r i.ii-t..ms piir- p..-i - itii.. th, if a. -til:!! w I .•..iitc-iit ill lioaril fer-t, f..iir .-uix.rK.-ial feet ..f j-im-h Veneer i-.ii-l it 111 iim- ..111- li'.ar.l f....t. .V/ /'/•/.*; Mf;\r ■/»» wkkku m llktis 61 The hifrli pricf of till thm-ply itiui the ({reat difficulty of s.-.-iiriiik' mii>|>I1i - fr uii liu>»iii i)t aii.v prii-c has irivf!ii an unusual uppi.rtuiiiiy tnr l)oiif;las tir vein i r. Tlii- was fir.-t imix.rtiil t". An ■»-:.'; ft< r tin- iM'friiiuiiitr ■■f ili.- w .a- :iii.l i- now bi ini; |.la.\ ,l on till' iiiarkft in all tho < : ' )...ri It i-i iiicil ■•hii-fly fur |.. U nml t.. :i liiiiii. ,! i-m, m f..r ijoi.r 1<. ||, tiiial u-(- .if l.y ip. riir;ii,- . ,„ . It cmii ii. vi-r u.-u- with .il.l, r in |.ric,-. It (Mil iv;i,li It- !n;i\iiiiiiiii . ' 1 1'. . 1 i •; t , :i-L'r(— i\. -.ili-iiiai; - h i |. thm v(ill Ai-.\v ll"- r - I' inii].l, r- th.r ,1 i>r..|.rr!y -t.iln, ,| ,,ii.l i.uli-l„..l ii -n-al.y rM-.ls ■my ..tlirr |,.iin . f |..iih lin- an. I i- WTlh ili,- iii,Tc,i-fil ,;^-\. 'l hi> u-v el' l)oii!,'iii» tir "ii! •■' "ipany ,i wiii. r ii-i- ,.\ \)>>\v^\-a> tir for d. or~ nnil acconipanyinff 'lii- "iili-f ii>|. i- oiiiy po.^iliii.. if c suint-rs are educatpil \i, \U jkjs- -'l'ii''i< - I',. I .1. , iMior-' aru tainrlit the m«>.-t satir-f.i.-tory m. th-.J!' of ac-hieviiijr the in '-t all raoi i vc i-i -iilt>. So |oi,u a- iiaiiiliil door- ami |iainliil inli ri..r- ar. fa-liioi,:il)li'. thrif-i.ly iil.i,.r will Im- till- -laiiiianl niati rial for door piinfls and dado i>antls. Once thn bcaiitii* of I'oiiala- tir iniliiral tiiii-h are rccofnii/fil and appm-iatntl and p^intwl tiiiisli iKomnis iuifar.liional>Ii-. the use of I)»m»rla> tir will rapidly im-ri a-i'. The (froator part of tho Doufrlns tir thror-ply iniporti d lia* cnnio from ( ..iiaii Snudl qiiantitii'S of voiioor oiIut than tliri'o-p!y arr impoifcd annua My. 'Ih,. i m] in I!M.'! did not oxoc",! 1fi(MM10 .ii|M r(i,'iaI tVot. . .11. -hall' fio,,, thi> rnii.d Kin.jv,..m nii.l . rliT from tin- rniii .i Si.n, -, ii„ n inaiinl. r from Ci rniaiiy and i;a--i.i. The imp .ri.iti.iiii of ihi- cla- ol v,ii, ,-r. ln-iiiH di r.iivi- . cdiiotly. u-.-,l f r imnclinfr and furnituTi-, an- dorrca-iinjr yoarly. Laths. T!ip I Nli n-ivo 11 f plaMi r linl-li '11 .Vii-tr.iiia li-.i.l- i.. a I n-;;. ,|, iiiand I'^r latlj<. There are praelioiilly 110 native w 1~ in .\ii-tr:dia siiitaide for lath-. Tlie whole supply is met from imports. liiiiinrtD of f.alli<. IniiKirt.* have grown rapidly from 18..'i-.J4.O00 pieces in 19y3 to 46,.'JaS,(H)0 in 1913. iniport-i are almost whtdly from the Paeifie coast : — Nnliii.»-l> of I .\\t r.nft- Coinitry. Lath« im Total Valuf.| Valm- |»-r t"i>'''l- M. ,, . , i* < I int.il Htutf- ... Cl, llO.iHici IHL'.yir t I'l I iin.iimii r.wT, :i:s 72t.«i> 2..SS.-, :i :!i Tlio Caiiailiaii i \poii ,,1' l.iil,- i,, Au-iralia is le-s ii,,w tliaii it wa- in VMK'j. iHiriiijr -■'">'• porioil llio riiii, ,| .een made since imS. The Japaiie.-v lath.'i are n soft white pine. The lalh inifHjrts are di-trilmteil in the varirt«, litis. \. u .s.„„l, \V,,I.'> Soiitli .\ii.>tr.'ilu . . W«(t AuRtraliit. . . --•.n.r.aa 1 17.i7.').". 1:1!, i|i!iM :ii Miiiili . hii-tlv ill 1 in-i l-. u : liiiiili. i .'iir mjkI <'iii'nii-i' :iiil..iii:iIiiMil.v IiiimI.. r import-- I., th «'.x|H>rt- iniirht iil-i l"' riiisi .l I.- t'..r«;ircliiiir ' ' ■''"'I'"" ' '■'■f-'"''"' lil 1h>m»- Alrhouirh 11 iM.rti ■if till' liitli i- imiKirtrd iit br.iki ii -l.>w;ii.:' itc--. M'i .titir- • in .iT full fri'i>flit r-.'U'ft. Larti' luaii' lies I'f liitli iirr iiiiiiiiifiii-liin-"! in Mt !i»nirii. j .iriii-uiurlv. in.m ,ni- I«.rt t«. Tin- lath ijbmIo in ihi* inair or nri used f -r ctMUrB-'. Til.' tlll'v "11 Intli-. wliii'h -I...m1 at 'fi.-*!* p*T tli.>'.-ii!i«l pint* i'r niitirtl t.. fl>ii ill iiti.l to ^l'.4'> in Mitl l.lHMiS. Aii-i' iliiiii ill: rliilii.ii- 1 iiM.iilii r. iii.iiii |.r..' -hint iir..iiiMl 1.">0,IHM) t'.i't 11111I11..11.V. ' import. .1 nr. ,. flv [ i.-liir iiml nilivr roo n in.nililiiiKS. \.i imp.irt- .■..II : ( 'una. Ill . "Vi r l,.iir lli. n . .rts tr..m (i. rinnii;- iiiul om- • li- I'r'.Mj till- I >fiiti -. ( ■.iiiuiliaii pr...|',i. - r- iil' pii-turr Iriinic-. -tm-k. or oriia- ii! il inoiililint;- 'I'l t^''' t""'"'' "if* \n~'- .m iiiiiM>rtcr-- thmuK:h the Canadian 'ii'lo O'tiiniisfioin r at Mi llioiinii'. Till- (Itity on pii'tiirc and rooin luouidii-^'- ••'i i . r iMMit ad vali>vt>in, and on Hr<4»i- vf "kirtinys mid 'tlicr Mnnildiiii.'-, of wiii>-ii init>'>rts an' practically nil, ia $1.44 1 r liiindrcd liii'-al fivt. 'I'll, .i\ ■ lalilc oil iliiill-lr ■ - i;i\.-.. Tli 11 for liri-wrrii-i- . ;i-..'.| I., nil,-. ..r -lavrs. 'I'll, il ill rofi-iit vi , i... , ;il4.iKtti pi.-.'. ;!.t;4 liki-ly to increase with and tlic iiicn-asc of the South Sea tFadc. the followiiDi conntric- : — I ml. '\ Sr.. I. ( iinjil.i ,|i,.li N. w Z.ul.iiii| l>.'iiiit.trts StUfi' I'l.x-.-.. l,:liM"..ni.il 1, It:. IN .1 '.'■J.i.lllHI ■j; ill, IKK I l.'i,»»m lll.iHHI IVrcfiii. Ait'i'ii^'f T'.tal \ .ilii.. Value |»T M .Stawn. * ctn. :v. I J ■jii I- |."i.sr;i i:.ii •ji;.;iiii r.'.ric.i. liftT :« 6u Caiuidiaii -lavc exports liavf fallen otf lu'avily since lltl:!. Japan ' iu'irtin sui'i'lyiii- -ta\i- uithiii liv.' y. :)>•«, aiid in lltl!! di>i otn-rpiarter of the li,. -MVi - fr..iii till- fill!.. I State- iih.i Used almost fats and oils. SI /W.f.WA. Vr r»> wyKKI.Y HI LLKTI\ 63 I'h,. iitu^.rt ..»• ^fav... i- ......inKl rhirlU i„ S.v,liir.v. ,i, i, ,|„.„„ h, i|„. f,.ll..„ it.L- «tatein«>nt : - N' » -South Will, , Viitiiria. .%Mith AiwtraliH . Sij,i.. N". (if St.ni ■« Iiiipii'txl l'.»13. WM.Otxt Sti.vi- arc iti,r".rt.,l Uitl, u ih l,iml«-r .-aiv...- ;,imI !m iuiv! I-tn Can ,.l m, i,„ portors mtm^t.-l in this .•las> ..t ousi.u^- hav,- an <.!.p„rr ,v „r -I.inninK in r.-.-ui .r parcel ^.pment. i,. S.v,h„..v. Th.. Cana.li,,,, Tra,!- < .,-:„„„ , , MolwL "n put tanadlan mamif«..«plas pi.-k.-f^ i„„mrr..t ar- eut t., fancy ,.att.4« before Th.. m„..,rt.: ,.i u..,- hav, in,-r,.a^-.l, thouwit not rapidly a« tl.e innmrta- The ini-rra:^.' in rin- ini|«.rta?i..n ..f pt.-k.-ts has U-. ii as f.-Uows: — Va!...-. i-m. . jitia . l.«:i,:i-> '.'.aws.r-tH 9 IB.TtH •J!t,ti.V. -.11 17 'l'hrc.-(iuurters of the inn> .Hia.la om-ixth i.f ll,,- pi.k.t. :,np,.rt..l l.v Australia. ■I he trail- .liu-rl,-,! fr .n, Cai.a.ia to the I-„iti,l States, our onlv ia> -tea.lily in.-ri'a>e.| -inee that liafe. 64 TtHm .\\n ( UMMEUCK Iinpnrh of I'tck'fls in V.tll hii Couiitr'ut tlllK'Hl of I'liki'ts. I'i.*-.n. Tlltlll. I ,n.. a , 2,:il.2.tK»(» V»> C.illa.l.i 1 " Pickets ar.' |iur.-i,^,-. ,1 in i..t.- ..| ;il I ;i~ n I'^n'i "t' :i IiiiiiImt (Mrjro. The llMl:il ^lll■(•itil•;lti•l|l i- I l\ > I li in. li, - l.y :', li-i l 1 iii.-li. All iirr l»..iii;la- lir. Uuycrs (li',-iri' lu. k, ^.l .m nly cut tliat tli.To will he no loss in com t rliiiu lii. Ni into 5-10 laths to \«<1 on IS-incli eentres. Pickets ari' sliiiipcd tied in lunnlle^ of ton. 'riii- liMili- i- liki 1\ I'- r.iii.iiii l-r -..>n,. \,.ir- .ip|ii'"NiiiKit.'ly wlint if is :it jii-r-iiit. All pii-kct> arr iiui'.'iMnl n.ii;;li. The iliil.v i.i.-krts is sjSl.CS \n T liliuilri'il t..i- (lri'ss(iil and 84 cents per hundred lor roii^ch. 'l'\ir lll!ll....k I'l'l' - ill An-ll;iii:l i- l'k M|-l,V \> ■■.i; It i:. a !ajl|ilit native woikIs, firailiiati •! l.. irim. and an-, t.ikiiii: . lirainirT-s and ea>e ot hiiildnii: intij e..ii-ideration, !>alistii i|. '{'..wns and .-ii;,- ii, wiih iron, whioh is still u-i d lor elii-a|K'r cotratfes and all warehmises, and wln n [To^iHTity euuie settled iu :-late and till--. 'I'lu' ..ii'.y ili-iri. t- where -hiiiule- ar.' ii-nl to any e.\t.-nt art- in Tasmania, where nativi- w U are u-ed; .-hiiif;ii - are rart-ly used lor roi^tini; in the other states. ImIUHT.S of .slIINtiLE.S. Til' -hiimie- ii-e.i :ire ii. ari.N j\] .n. il. Shiiii;;, - ai le- . I' tho few timher lienis in whleh ini|i"rt- have not u'rown. The iiii|> 'rial ions have heen: — ■ Yiar. ricci'!'. j,,,^., 'J.T^tl.iMiri 1/1,,.. ^:'.l.*'ii,t \\,]:] ,,','','.'.,,'...'.[.[.......... 1 .r.::T,i"Mi ()ne hundreii \n v cent. the shingles ari' ffoin the I'liiti'd States. In iv;:! 'ni|i .11 in de n turn- were: — StiMn:!' - t* »t. i l i nt. Value. l lllteil Slate ('iiiimla. . . I'iwei.. Xolic 10f» 1II..VW Noll- SI pi'LKHKyr TO }yf:KKf.r BL u,ETiy $5 S.mIim v i- till, rhicf market for .^liiiiiilcs. The distrihution of imports in i;tl:! was: - Stiiti-. Shintrlert f iii|Hirt*-<) . I'l r ii iit. NVw Sinith Wiil*'^ , 1,527.000 too 111 I'M I -mall i|iiaiiti!ii- w^ rr iiiipi.rt. il i.. \'ii-t..ri:i mp. i nin. Till- .-hiH' iva-i.ii for till- Thiti .1 Stall ■■ i-..iiif..i ,,\ ihat the Austrnlian |inri lia-i r w ill i,..! acrcpt i-.dar >liiiifilf.-. An ..xi'i.: Ii-iit ■-- i the extent to which |iii jii.li I l; \. Ill- in the UM' iif tiiiilter iinuluet^ i< alTu'-. .e Austrnlian tradition llial n iKv I -liiiisrles are siiperinr tu cnlar >hin(;les. The redvviiiiii -hiiisries iiseil are Kl-ineh six to \wi< i-liars |)iit up five bundles to the thuusatid. Sn ai-eu>tunied are the eiiii-iiiiii i- t.i shiiiffles five liiliidles ti. the thi>u»aiid that an iniiMirter \vhi> reeeived a «aniii!i- -lii|iini nt nf ei.i!ar -liin;rlis put up fi.ur lmii.lle« ti> the thuusand I' d that altli..ii;.'h lli.- la:-.- l.iiinl!. - i.f i nlar -liiiidi- were iifFiTed at the -aim- prii-e a- tlir -lual' Luiidli - ..(' r. .1\vmm,| tin y \v..iili| ii..t iii.ive. Thr l.ii.vi 1- liirlaiv,! iliat ||„' !ai-r l.iiiiilir- «. iv liaril.T t.. Iiamllr and w.aild n..t l.iiy a l.iiiiilli' m| l'.Mi -liin;;!i - niili -- it ua- ..iV, r.-d ■•li. ap. v than a Imnilli. i- .niainiii}; L'l'" iv.lu 1 -liiimli-. ^■'"'1- ..t till' -ainiiii - ,.|' c iiar -liiiii;!, - -i iit ij .un l'i-,,ni tin- I'niti d S|alr< have hei ii p. ..fly inaniilai liiri i| and | 'ly t;i-a.l, d an.) has - iiiirt tin- r. piitati.in m|' i-edar. ' "inlili. n c \i,tril in New Zi aland hut i.iir di aa r in Aueklaiid. iinp.irtiug M i;... il i;faili' ..f Canadian i-edar sliin^rli wa- alili- t.i drivr n dwnnd out of liii. -i ction lit tile inatket in wliieh 1 pi rated. I'lii- dealer was al>le to demonstrate that cedar shinu'ies ai'i- hetti r than ndwm.d. It it 1- wi.rih tthih' for any ('anadiiiu shipper to do so. an opimrtunity exists, hoth for ini ii a-iiiir the use of shinjrles in Australia heymui the one eily wliiTe they aro now u,i d. and for iiitrodueins the Use of eeilar in oouipetitiou with r. dw 1. .Shinjfles lire now iisjkI wholly f„r praldes and in phiee ..f weatlur li..aidinL;- .^hinsrli'< are tn,, ex|N.nsive f,.r r.u.Hn^r. 'I'lii- faet. in .iuin-l i..ii with tlir pn iinlie.. aU'aitist any ty|N. of wood r....r. i-mder any u-r -Iiin-a- f..i- i-....!in;;' vi ry inipi-l.alilr. On aeeiiunt .4' the greater lali..r .-..-t and iaii^i-f i|naiitity ..f liiinli. f n. i.. --ary a -liin-le r,„,f |.,,-t- .+ lll.«.o piT -i|iiaiv. wh, IV a ti'i- r.iMf ,-..-1- ..nly .*lo.sil and a -aivani/iij iri.ii ■*T.L'o. A- ha- l.i i n p,.inti il .mi , !-, uhi ri ili, n-.. ..\ th.- hiin-ali.w Ivpi ..f e,.ii-tni.-t i..n '■.lii.-alii-ii. ailM rti-in- ami -ali -nian-hip h.' im-ri a-ed in An-traiia. The per-i.n- t.i ri ai'li ar,. tlir a n h i I. rl -. the -p, , ii iat i\ ,■ l.unwal.iw huilder* and hi'tliT elass house owners. .\ny iinrea-e in l.iiiij..ali.w eoii-ti-nrti..ii will mean an inereaso in th»' \X»o of flliniia -. Hill It will h,. Jill inerea-e in the u.-e of redwood ^hin^tles unless some Canadian inaniil'a. liiri r >eeure« for hinis Mippli,.,! hy pareel -liipmenl- ..n the roLnilar linn- lr..in ili,. Western Canadian eoast. If inti-lliHi mlv h.,n,|!,,| th. tra.l, u..nM Cunudian Cethir is now tniKnoun in .Vn-tralia. It- iiilri.diii-ti..n in the toriii of shinffles wouhl iindouhtedly lead L. its n.,,. f,,r other piirpos,.>. Redwood shindes are -old f,,..l,. i,, m urad.' hnnwn as , xp.,it i;iMi|i.. at a e..n-taiit liri.-e of r,i,t- p..- I.nnill,., lix. hnnilli - I., th, tlani-and. Mi.-, -hiniilrs in earlv I'.tl.-i ivtailiil in Sydn.y at *l.>o per luindle, ifli.oo j„.r thousand. The duty i.s $J.20 per ih..ii-,,n.i . li,.. freit{ht ami ItimtiiiK eluirjn's kiw than fl'.liO p»>r thousand. l.ltiTJ .-. 66 rn\i>i: I \ It cini Mi in t: At these prices a jrood itkaro of tlip present 1>1L',ii i ll.' il.'i.rs imported an- eliierty from the TuitiKl States. Ilie division of trade in H»i:! wiis:— <'"Utitr)'. Unitwi Stati-s. Cuiada * 1.IV45 Avt^age V»Ill^• 1 AH 1 .13 In 190;!. when imttorts were gn-ater, the trade was divide*! between the United States and Sweden. Theie imjiorts include sciwn as well as other doors. » TARirr. The tariff "ii dimrs now sfaiuls: — ■ IJ" l!»irk and under each. $1 Over U' thick and under IJ".. •• 1 44 IJ" thick and over '• 2 04 Till- I.mmIIv tii:iiml':h liircil i|...,i'>. m:u\>- in uliich not suficent Volume of liii>iiH <- to ju.-^tif.v tlu'ni a full enuipnient of nxiiicrn niai'liiiiery, are not equal to the ilo.ir- to uliicli ■ c are accuf)toine p.Hnel. «• »" X J' S" X U" IS 4(1 8' 8" X 2' S" X 1 }" , r, (!4 Bolertlon moulded Hto«'k pattern — 5 panel. «' 8" I 2' \- K li" »!, U.r- , Ntra tor th,- ,|,,„r. i„ su. l, . ,.ns,. is a " All the Aii-rr:ili:iii an-liitccts with wlioni vo( 1 or piiii- (lours in use Mil with tli.. rinishtnl siinipl.'S iir:iiicli. mill n;;ric(l flmt if sueh doors could ..•II three or t'lmr months, in sets as required matter of little iniM>rtini<>p to the hi d.. ni .\,i-tr,,i.,, ev epiiMfr ,h, ma. - U -order ornamental eabinet woods, and nffonl the areliiteet il„ van, ty ..f .l«-orativo tnm for which he is lookimr. The only iH)s.sihility for door export is in this direeti(,ii. This onportunitv is vvorth t,.llow,nK up-Wh for the door market and for the ex.ra market it wo„|,l furmsh for DouK las. fir three ply whi-h would be in demand the interior trim in the style and Rtnndard set by the doors. A do..r ,Ma,n,faeturer with s-.-eh rejrular shipping. faelli,ie< as are offered from Inrr^'L T '«'':.:''''''T'*."^ Melhoume an,l Sydney by someone who will keep Douglas fir three ply doors alive before architects. iri(l74— .'.} 68 ritint: iv/» rouuHKrr. CHAPTER VI. Canada's Position on Australian Timber Imports. It has Ih'cii I'viilriit in cviT.v iiiii>'>rtiiiit ilivi>ii>n iif flio I mliin' i-Ni)t til Aii>tr:tli;i tli;it ('iiiuitliiiu tniii-iictiotis liave licon ai)|)riiiii'li- inp tlio vaiii.-liiiivr imiiit. Tlir ri M-iiii (I't tliN iLriiiiiMiiii<.ii« i-niiilitimi I'armut In- -niijrlit in natural i-niiilitiiiii-. So f:if J- \:itiw- i-..ulil i;... f'aii.iila i'i|in|ipiil in -iii-li ;i iiiaiiniT a- tii In' alilf tn nUMlMli i'i/i' llsr All-llMlijIl Ilihlr uilll.ilt I'l - 1 IM i h i h IllT Pl-^l I TCI MillinIlS of afTi'-; ..t' viriiin I'm-i-i -till -taml to tlio uati i-'- iiliiv alonir liiinilrciN of iiiiU's »£ WHttT- xva.v- ;iimI -li.-i'i' I'r.'iil piiiil il'ul'y -u|i|i;h 'l u illi li:irl' ir-. Til.- r;in-i' I'l.r ( ',111.1. l!;lll . Ii -.l 1 1. 1 1 . ■. ill tllr llllll!"!' ,\p.rl trihl.' IIHl-t lir -..Ui^llI in till- iiilliii-m-r- iiiTi i-i 111::' tin- .•li.iniii-l- nl' inuli- r.-iiln i- tlmn in I.m-U "f iln- nnliir.i! fidvant.im- ami ri -.ii.ii-i - with wliii'ii to maintain ('X]i .ft-. Till' 1 xti iit I" uhii'ii the ( aniiilian in-opi Tt ion ,,|' Ininl" r . lia- lii i'i'ra-i-il 1- sliowii in iliamani- lin patrc 7. Tlji- ili-i'n--i. n ot' Viu'i n- •lii. r ola— i- ot' tiinlicr ini|>irt~ lia- »lio\vn tiiat mir |Hi-itiiiM lias ~iiniLirl.v wiakiiuil in aliiio-t all liiu's of timluT jroinls. IM SFS l oll Km I.ISK iif 1 WMllW TIIADK. r.rii ll\ till- .-liii f rau-1- l.ir llio iln lim ( imnl-an tvailo ai'i-: 1. ('anaila n.-w •j.n jl a ■)■ .1 1 !■ .n ol' tin- i-\|i .r'iiiL' ini'i- a- »a- tin- CIlM' in 1 -'.M. Al" lit l^'.il uh. n o."i |ii i' l i nt, .if .\ii-traii.r- 'ni|i.|-l- ..f luail.. i- li'.ni llio .Xi.rtli I'ai'ili.' oanio from Canada aliiiit '•!> pi-r I'ont. .■! lli. .sport lumliir pr. i.lii.nnir mill- W(>ri' in Uriti-li ''oliimliia. Tlio iilt.' aihani-. •! .li \ ■ 1. iprm-nl - ami Liri-aiir population ami uraltli of thf I'liitiil Stati - In,- !. .1 i.. a ni..ri- rapiil im-ri-.i-. in o\p..rt mill luiiiilini;- in that c .nntrv than in l anaila. 'I'hr ri-iilt i^ that Caiiaila now ha- luit ♦iflci ii pi r l i nt, of till 1 \port mill oapai-it.v of ihi' raritii* i-oa-t. It slimihl lie linriii' ill iiiiinl, hmvcViT, th.it thi- tiftii ii )»T nMit iin-i'iitriitiil on oxnort luisiiU'ss, otnM fill nil Ati-tralia's (li'tiiaiKli-. ( '.iiLiilian mill- whm tlio cxii.'rt trailr I'liamai'il from -ailrr- -Ii ami r-, ili of Illl-illl sS. - M \ M I i:- i.n !■! M I - \n I M. x i --i i Till 1 .\p .rt iraili, «liin ( .inail.i ili.l .in iiiip.vtani -liar. I it (pri..r n. ali..Hl lltltOl ua- a'ni -t i\.-!ii-n I'.v oarrioil .'ii in -allini! m --i !-. Sniliim m --i i- in l-'-M fnrricii alioiit Ti pi r i inl. ..f all North I'm ili • ..v. r-i a- liirnln r i ipiipinrnt-. S.iilini; Vt'.sj-fl i-aruo"'» W'l ri- -m.i!l iiiiil-. la-ilv miiki li.l. It ua- imt lu-voml thi' ahilit.v of a Sil«mi'l i-..mpan\ t.. i liart. r -aiHni; vi --i l- in. .nth- ah. :'.l. -pi ailati' in -ovi ral trip chnrtcr- ami il:-p..-i ..| tin i-ar;^. i - r. i. f. Sailor- wori ;.iaili li il llio nil.' of ."iii.iMiii to l.MMHi" I'l l I iliiil.v. rarolv tho 'alti r liKiiro. .\ »avvmill l ouhl taki- -i vi ral :-aih r- nii. I'lnsi'ly ftilliiwin! iiiii' iitiiithiT williiiiit ri'iiuirimr prri-iit «tJ>riiirf >{>»•■>■ >a--i'il out as n liimhrr oarrn-r to .\u-iralia ami hy I'.M I mifx pi r i i nt ot ail tho loor-i a- ini-iiii -- WHS ill -ailor-. Au-lni!ia in I'.ilo lo..k marly tho uh.'io of In r impTt- in -traiin r-. If) _» y m z < in' I- ci o m 77 P u < (A o a o 2«» a o X a'* ill U- O/ a u C CD 4_ D U _i E so 06 in SB 09 Si o< ss n I. 09 tliat althou^'h till' i,T,Mt. r part of tlio tra.lr I- .loiio in stoaiia i Caiiadiaii mills an- not so %vell ailaptcci Tor -l.ann-r Im-inr-^ un- I'nit.M! Slates M\ill- an.! llimt'ori' arc s) handi.'apiH'l m ■■,,inp.riti..n that they aro f..r.-.-,l to .-af r t . llic -mall -han' of th.' trade still ielt to the -ailin- v,-el.. .\ll^t^allall traile may he n-anhd as u jxTinanent -teanier l.nMne-- ' i',,,a(lian mills ijesire to e,,inpete in Au-lralian Imsiness. they must h<' ahl. • the siiine ilospateh as <'iin In- sc<'\ireil from uny jfrot.p of mills in the rniteii StPaniors entirely ehant; .1 e^>entials of the hii-i,!, Th,. trip rharieriir.' of stoamers wa« too ureat a < iraet for sinjih- mills; mill- e,.nlil no lonuvr in.li- vidiially fonfri>l the tran^p..rtat inn ..f their produet. Sieanier> lo^iKd :.>(iii.iiimi |,, 4 feet |H>r liay ami iMrr:<-.l .i;rli hir^'c i-aru^oe-, .".'HI.imhi t.. ."..immi.iumi feet, liiat the mill e..ni(! raivly i.ik,. ih, l i-k -I' a-nmimr n -i^.n-iliiliiy f^.r tilliinr a eonipl. !.■ cargo. X.. mill c.iuM ri-k ati.mpiin- t,, till two -tea r- arrivimr tMy-.thrr. l-'iirlli. f the forcicn hnyrr iM n-t .i--iime v.-pi ,ii-ilii I i ly for nor take ili'livery .if a fnll ear).'... TIic mills eoiilil 11,1 |..ni;< r ileal direct with the Australian or other hiiyer; the mitldloman liccanic necessary. The middleman was ne. e— ary to make future frei^Iit .irrani;i rn' nts. 1., !■ in, responsible for charters, diyide earjtoes between neij;hhorin!i .)r .■,,-,ip, rai im,' mill- so as to oMisure delivery, and -iiuilarly at the other end throutrh his selling orptanization. distribute earsrocs ain,inL'-t -evi ral buyers. riif,,rl,!i,.itely will II it |„,-;i !M,■e^^ar> that ('ahj,liaii , \p,,rt mills sli,.ul,l devel,ip tiirlii,'!- ..r-aiii/;iii.iii ;i;;il ,,|!iip tlieiiiselve- to handle .-teamers, tluir atttntiipu was diverted Ir ^ni iIh ,Np it n ; i, by the meteoric rise in the d.miestic hinib(>r nnirket. The rapid . \pMii-i,,ii . I W.-Ptii ( anada. the iMpiippim; ,,f half a continent, all in the space of n few yc,ii--. with ilwellin;r-. town-, i-itie-. railways and public works, mon- tlian e.\hau-.ted the eapacity of Canadian mills and U'll to the im|Hirtation for a few years of larpe quantities of lumber. Xew mills were built to meet this demand. In their .uililini;- the prairie wan the only market in view aii.l in. tli.imrbt was iriven to the exp..rt Ir.nh-. l"iif.irtniial, lv ..iii- im p, i : i ,, the Il.iiida< tir r,-i.'!,.ii ^f tl„. rnjled States were free ed to jjive steamers the despatch demanded by the owners. .MilU developed in groups on the Columbia river and Paget sound, groups that could work together loading steamers of any capacity ijivinir a despatch of 400,00(> f, et ihiily. rnited States t r.nl ;nir ■ ,ii;an i-at ,11- jrrew up, spei-iali/.im; iii liinil,. ■ i'lir, lumber tran-porlal i,,ii aii,l liiiiilM r di-tribntioii in forei^jn eoiintrie-. Th,>,' e.mi- [lanies ah-,,|iii. iy -ii|, , i, 1 ih, practise of mills engaging transportation and selling direct to tin n-nmei- ,■. i. f. The Cainnlian donu'-tie market for iMiiiber has slackened to tifty per cent of what it was in 19I2. The mills still exi.-t however that were built to take care of tlie demand. These mill* are in a bad iiosition. They find the ITnitid States exp ini.i,' companies so strongly in possession of all overu-a.s markets tli:'' n.,i witli-ianilini: thai the Briti.sh Empire took in IIMI, fi j |wr cent of all knilH r . xp..rii-.l fi i the raeiii,- Coast, entnpanies have their headipiartcTs in the I'ni', ' Slates, in ndditi.e, to hand- ling all of the lumber exported fr,>ni the I'nited State e\p,.iied in \'.>\.\. il'.t per cent of all lumber sent over-, a- fr.iiii lirili-li ( olundiia. Cniled Stat, - , ,,iiipaiiies iibMdutely and completelv ■lominat,- -hipioeio-, from Hriti-b Cnlumbi,! ;■■ Aii-tralia. The ri,it, ,l Stale- Im,I ,.i«aiii/i ,l to meet the new demamU improretl by gtenmer transportation and Canaiia had not. CP" c r. o e r* c- c ICQ: 72 <'!lllilllii>ll mill* l-.iultl iii.t frivr ,l.-|.iit.-ll r.|Ulll I.. In lt ^iv, II In tih I'liil, ,! SiMt.s. Persons r.'>iMiiisil>lf for oliiirt.-r- tr;ir il. iiiurriifTf in < ':iii;i.lian |...rt-. tlirn lorr prcf.T. wlirii pri.-.- iMv .•.nnil. i.. pi-,, ,, nr.l. r- in tli..-,- I nilnl Si;il. - ,A|„.rtii,i; ,li-iri. |. wlirf -lr..i,i; ,,f |u r.itc in fnrrii-liini.' llm .mi-i;... ""■ ''I'ii' '1' 1 Ill iliih- ill liriti-li (•..luiiiliiii <'.|iii|.|„ ,1 I,,,- iiiii,.|i roiriaiiu- fni'tiiiv ..r liuiil., r til,, r.iil tiM.lr ^iiv not ii- .vononiiiMi Miill- m ui.irl, |,, proihii'.. lurnlH r i. r , mr nuiiiv ..t ili,. nii;!:- in llio rnitnl Suit.-- Imih lor ii >t«''Hfr •lopi iiiii 111 1 fho i-aryo irmlo. •■!. ('..iiliiif.' :irranf;vMirnt> aiv not c.n-itliT.Ml l.y s.,ni,. vo^vl opprat.irs to 1k> us sati-ta.-tc.f.v in CnnaiKi n> in tl.r rnitcl Statis. -Many >t. imi carjro .•arrit-r- umli.uiitcill.v i-omc to ( ■ainidi.in port- i.. l.unki r. Xrvi rth.-Ios .litT.Toht im|».rtant o|NTator- ..f tiHi.-.-hai-t..r.-.i v,—, U in tli, Imnl., r oarr.vin>r tra.l.' w.-re in.-t. who ,i, .-Imiv.! i|„- l„ii,'>,.|'- ini.l null- .,n I'li:;, i S,„in.l «, iv so .-onvonioiitly |..,Mt,.,i )■..,• ni|M,l ,1, -p.;,,-!, ,],.,, .„.;, ,. 1„ „„,,,. ahl.. t„ „-n,I v,.~-,.K t,. I'lii,,.! s I ,,, ,1,,,, ,,, ,-,,i,„„i,i, , „|, ••oal 1- lii::l„ r m unul,., it i~ n,,.,-.- .Ap, n-ivr jii.l in^,,i^,■. ;, I..- .,t -.-M nil li.,nr. or a •lay III i;,,ii,L. t.. l.iiiiki r-. '■ ' "wiH r-hip .1 pr,.|i,.,H!. iMi . , ..I tlio IuimImt ,-arryin>r -ailiTs < '"""ii^iii iiitriv-t-. A pr,,| ,.; ,„.,. „,• i,„„i„.r 'iii-n, II' was ,arri..l In -Mil. r.. I'a, mania. ank a froi^-lit of .;.( ,„.r 'ynt to ,Mr tl.ousan.l foot hi>:li,.r f.,r loailinir in a . l- mid dnrin- tl... pn-t t, ii v. ar- iin'-.xXi T ovor iir..du.-:ion in tl„. TniP d Si;,„ - ,|„„,..n,-,. ,„,,ri„ , li,,,, ,„ ,|„. ( ■., nadian. has rosnltod Ml I riitod St.n,- f.a.^. pri,-, ~ 1., in:; l,v,|ii,.|„ly r than Canailian. Anstraha, as .■.,„st;,utly p.,in,,.,l ,„ii. i;,k... ,„,i, ,i„. I,;..], j^rado portion of tho lofr. l(on!.rhiy, .io to ,0 p,T ,-,.|ii ,,r ih,. mill pi-,Mln,.r n,ii>t !„• ...|,| in somo othor ninrkot. Tho .lom, si„. r:,il „i;.rk, t n..t , ,„,„^h ,,, „|,„„.|, ,|„. w],,,].. tl,;^ ^,rafl<.. Xcver- thi Ir-.. It li;i~ l„ , n III.. ,.nl\ market availiii.l.. t.. CjiLi.lian c'X|Mirtors. Ill- I hit.d St;, I,., i„,„v favoural.lv Mtiiai..!. Tnitod Statos tradiuf? rompnuios ""ix'i-ts of South Amorica nnd China. These two o..nnlii,-. Ill, r itli < a Ii r„rnia. which Iniys .•hioliy low fmul,.. took in 1!U.'). jht ■vnt ol th liiiiil., r >iiipp,.,| |,v wat.>r fr,.in tlio Xorth Paoiti.- omst. \o Canadian mill parti. ipato! in tli.>.. slii|,ni. iits. 'I'll.. p.,sscssi..ii .,f tlw^- mark.t- f..r low .Ta.l.. undoubtedly helps many I"nit."d States, mills in niakin- pn. . , |,.r ih, , Np..ii m."iki t Overi>rori.vs in th.' two .•ountrn.s will liann..inz,.. it has fn..p,..ni |y l„,.n -sil,],. ,„ s..,Mir.< lower pri.vs III III" ' i.i'. d Slat. s than in Caiia.hi. whi..h has ^ix. oreifrn l.uyers the impri'ssion " "" ' (pn-sumuhly for unknown natural eauw^) thi' only markei w.irlli inv.>iiiratiiiijr. Mix,-.! .■aiu... s lu,v.. 1 II ..asi. r t.. s, , iirp in the United States: Ii h;i- I.,, II th. haliit of the Australian bu.vers to have Dowlas fir. redwo ~" ll"lt. l.-.l ill.' Illllll..r lAp..!'!- Il-Mlll ill.- N..i-lli I'ii.'ilu- thiit lAcr.v l.u.v.T ihiiiU^. Iiilk- iin-l a.-l- in l. riii- ..I rini.'.l Sl;it.-- mill.-, ports, tnidint; fi.liil'iiliii'- :iii.l li-I-. K.v.'li 111.' -I "t III.' t. w < \iiia.l..iii . Ni...!-!- .-..111.' |..i-v> ai-.l ..ii iiiv.ii.'.' t'..nii- lu'iiriii;; ill.' iiaiii.'- "I rnit..! Slal.'- linn-. ."^.'V.-ral ..I.I iiii.l iiii|i.. riant .\u-lraliaii l>u.vrr> .li.l ii..I kn.iu thai ili.- in..-t tain.nis ( anailian nulls w. Tv not ii. tlie I'liitril St.'iti'-, iimi at li ii-t .III.' .\ii-lraliaii .inner ..t' liiiiil.. r ■ r: ", ini; -ail"r- iliil imt kii.'W tlnit t«-.i ..t' I'.rilir.li ( ■..Iniiil.ia"- ..l.li'M liitiilx'r -lii|ipii l i rl-. Vaii'LUM r and ('lii'iiiiiiniH, ill wliii'li liiri vi'>.-<'l hail l.>uiii|)aiiirH iiiiil imliviiliials ari' I'l.ii'.tiiiiti.v vi^itinu' llii' iiiurkct. ('iiinnlian (tiiniMinit-s nn! iir.' iiiikn..»ii. Aii-lraliaii l'ii\. r- Iia\' I..-.' . iih' a' .|iiaiiit >l uitli. iii'l -111'.' ..f. I'liiti'il Stall- -lii|>- !„ I- ;i I |ir".lii'l-. r!i.'.\ t'.'l a ii.itura! Ii. -! i .il i'lh -■..lit .l.'|ii'ii.liii::' W|..'ii ''ana. la, ulii.'li tl.. ^in-atiT nuiiili.'r .it' i.r.'s.'nl .\uslralian l.ii,\. i'- n.iw I'l'yar.j a- a ii.'W -..nr.' ■ of supply. S. WliiTr pri'juiliri- I'XiHt it>;iiiii>f ('anailian liiiiil.. r no oiu^ is on hanil to tijilit it. .\ iiriiup of ImviTs liiipplyiiif; lirokcii iiill ininrs havi' talHXH^I ('Himtliun lumber f..r ..v. r six vfars. Tlicri' iH'inft no f'anaiUun (>.\|K>rtt'r n'prfsoiitcii in Australia, it was I., n.. ..11 ''s inti'ri'st to tiinl tin- inmlili' ami ri'iiiovr it. Tin- Aini'rioaiis n-iiri'sfutod w. r. ju-' a- i.:la.l 1.. I. t ( ana. la'- l.ail ri'pntation stainl anil -I'll Aiiirripan liiml«'r Till- i- a lair in-lan.i' ..! ili.' I'litilit.v of ili'lH'inliiiir ui«m a roni|)i'titor to ilrvrlop anil maintain tin- ('anailian oxjiort inarki't. 76 N' /•/•/./. i/^\r /" lu/M.j iti i.i.t:ri\ CHAin:ER VII. Fatvre Povibilities. Till- prcsoiit ciaulitiiin. of no AiiMralian trade fur Canaila. \-: largely n^iilt iif luck of rutifiii aiitl fon^iirlit on tlio part •>{ (°.in:iil!tni IhkiImit miinnfiiftiiriT'. Tlio jiro«i-tit I'ondition. nnsuti-ifiictorj- as it may \n\ will rontimii' unless constructiw nption sufx-rxHlo^i Ictliartry towani* tlip cximrt inarkpt. 'I'll, -ii ]!- it i~ Mi-ci— aiy to laki- arr f> w ; 1 i':iiin.liiiri iiiilU inu-t In- (KiiiipiK i| anil niaintainiil to (fivp a dofipatch ecur«Hl. t'. A frroup of i'..-o|« .■un il, " A I ^iii.i.li.iii .Aj^.r! iiii.' c..ni|':iii,\ -1i..u1iIIm. l.iiilt up. ("aiijiliaii nimnit'.i lun r- wiil i .it :i .li-:iil\ 1..;,- :i- ii,,y :,, ti,, Au-lralia]i nrs should po-opcratc with United States niannfaeturprs to pniitrol thp pxport market with the oliject of main- taining a protitalilo price level, adjustincr the srul. - s,, tl,:,t the cn-amer will ;,'et what he can n-e, anil yet will take m..re of the i..L'. and expL.^tini? the market t'..r I>olijr!as fir and other Xoi th Paeitie w.>rids. i