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No. 27.

The Workingman and Taxation.

It hM bean mada a cuua of oompUint
■gainst the Natiooal Policy that it has in-
creased the taxation of the people. Mr.
Blake has on several oooasions made this
chame. At Oalt, at Toronto, at Moutraal,
aii'l many other plaone, Mr. Blake has as-
serte<I that every workingman and his fam-
ily is obliged to take from his earainga the
sum of $4,') a year to pay the taxes imposed
upon Mm by the National Policy. He haj
on several oocaaions promised that ii' the
workingmen will sapport him,he will sea that
a less taxation than $4S is taken trom tba
average workingman's family. The promisa
is a safe one, for the taxation is nothing
like the amount he has stated.

It lias already been shown in the ool-
nmns of thv. Stab that tae worlrJngman re-
ceiver better wages .ind fuller employment
under the National Policy than he did under
the old tariff. It has also been demonstrated
that the pnrchaiiiig power of the dollar,
bs9 greatly increased, gpxierlaa, clothing,
coal, etc., etc., being mocli ^ower in prloa bow
than in 1878.

But if ttii« increased power to earn w,4ge8,
through increased price of labor and oon-
Btanl employment; if this decreased cost of
the necessaries of living are oSwt by in-
creased eiponditure in the shape of taxation,
tlien the gain is not so great as it appeared ;
tliore is an evil to beset off against the good.
Even if the average workingman's family
had to pay $45 a year in taxes to the Federal
• iovnrnmeat he would still be a great many
dollars ahead in the year. We contend that
no such sum is paid, that in point of fact
thero hfis been no increase of taxation as
reaper i the workingman.

Ml . Blake stated that $15 of the $45 were
profits charged on the extra duties by the
wtiolesale and retail dealers. That state-
uMnt has been proved absurt', because, as
lias been shown, articles of food, clothing,
lijjlit and fuel are lower now than they were
in 1878.

The remaining $30 Mr. Blake says is paid
directly into the Oominion Treasury as taxes,
lie is singularly inaccurate in matters of
acconnt. For instance, it uas beer shown
tliat in his Montreal speech he added ex-
jienditurea on capital account and on cur-
rent ar<70unt togettier, in order ,.0 find out
tho yearly expenditure required to run the
g<)veriimental machiue. A bookkeeper in
any tirm in IVluntreal who would add the
cost of the building in which the business is
carried on to the firm's yearly expenditure
required to run Uie business, would be sacked
on the s|Kit for his incompetency . The bus-
iness of a country is just like the business of
a mercaLtile firm in respect to the difference
between current expenditures and capital
outlay.

Mr. Blake makes the same singular mis-
take in dealing with the taxation. He takes
the whole revenue anil calls it taxation. Thus
in 1886, according to the Public Accounts,
the whole revenue amounted to $32,5(10,000.
i)ividing that amount by the number uf f.im-
ilies in Canada, Mr. Blake geb* $30 as what
he calls the taxation paid by t'.ie average
family of five persons. But the trouble with
Mr. Blake's calculation is that he starts
wrong. The $32,500,000 is not all of it tax-
ittiuii, though it is all revenue. The people
(Iif Canada own railways, canals and other
iitlier public works. There are stamps for
leltera which the Government sell. If a
rtian wants to trave'i to Halifax, he gets a
ticket over the Intercolonial which belongs
Ui the Government He pays fur it, but he
In carried to the place he desires to reach.
He has his money's worth for his money,
just as he has when he travels on the Urand
Ti'nnk. If he wants to send a letter, he pays
for a stamp and giils his money's worth in
the carrying and delivering of the letter.
Th IS is not taxation. It is not necessary
for him to travel unles» he thinks it will pay
him. It is not naoessary for him to send
the letter, uuleaa he thinks advantage of
aonin kind will rsaolt to himself or hi*
(rlanda.

7'<U(iMvn, on the other hand, h tba t«U
which ttie Uovamment take* from every-
ona' in some ahapa or other, to ba expended
for govammental or adminlstratiTe pur-
poaeo- -to pay the interest on the public debt,
tba ilaiaries ofotllcials, the cost of lighting and

heating the public buildings, the indemnity to
members of Parliament, etc. Everybody has
to pay his share of this. The earnings from
Government investments (amounting in ISfit
to nearly $2,000,000,) the earnings oflhs
Government railways (in 1885, $2,750,000),
the earnings of the post-ofBce (in 1885 $2,-
400,000,) and sundry other receipts, in all
amounting to $7,412,472, are not Uuafon hut
arerevenna. This sum must be deducted
from Mr. Blake's $32 500,000 before we can
get at the taxation as distinguished from the
rarenae. We see what a curious mistake
Mr. filaka, la his ignorance of business mat»
tars, made, whan he confounded taxation
with revenue.

In Canada, for Federal purposes, taxation
iaolndes only the amount raised by customs
and internal revenue duties.

Turning to tlin Public. Accounts we find as
follows : " Receipts from taxes 1884-6, $25,-
884,529 " Again, with this staring him iu tha
face, ona wonder* how Mr. Blake came to
oukkesnch a bungle of it as to declare that
the raoeipla from taxaa amounted to $32,-
600,000.

Correcting Mr. Blake's strange blunder, we
have, as the y~>arly taxation of the average
family of Ave persons, rich and poor together,
thesara of $24 or thereabouts, instea<1 of Mr.
Blake's $45.

But that is not all. When we desire to find
out how much per family the workingmen of
Canada are called upon to pay to the Govern-
ment as taxes, we must enquire what are
necessaries and what not Now, $8,450,000 of
the $25,500,000 is raised from spirits, a'co-
boiic liquors and tobacco. Kay workingman
who contributes to the $8,500,000, does so vol-
mitarily and not of necessity. He need not
pay one cent of it unless he chooses- Then,
$1,624,000 of the $25,500,300 is paid into the
treasury as duties on high clsss luxuries sui.li
as silks, satins, jewellery, etc., which the
average workingman may buy or not just as
he chooses. He is not com|>elled to pay any
portion of that. These two amounts iloducled
from the $25,500,000, leave $15,000,000, which,
divided among the families of the land, gives
just about $14 50 as the necessary taxation
which a sober, industrious workingman und
his family have to pay each year towards
the maintenance of the Government instead
of Mr. Blake's $45. This is the price he pays
for law and older, for the management of the
public affairs of the country.

Now, how does that compare witli other
countries ?

In England, the average workingman's
family contributes $24.26 a year to the
Treasury, iu the shape of taxes, and is much
less able to do it

In the United States, according to Mr.
Atkinson, the proportion of national taxes
paid by the artisan's family of five persons
is $26, or $5 per head, against $4.80 per head
in Canada, taking in both cases tlia taxation
to include the liquor and tobacco part of the
Bill.

In Franco, the proportion is '(.18 per head.

Now look for a moment how near we iu
Canada come to having a free breakfast
table. Tea and coffee are untaxed. Ifthey
were taxed at the same rate as under the
Cartwrigbl tariff, there would ho au addition
of $1,1'.'0,000 to tho taxes. The present Qov-
ernmont took off these taxes. Sugar aud
molasses are taxed much lower than they
were under the Cartwright tariff, and the
workingman gets the lieneUt by having to
pay only G cents a pound iusleKl of ftj cents
as in 1878. Wc i>ay leas in Uxes for these
two articles by $2,300,000 than iu 1878. The
other articles of tlie breakfast table aro raised
on tiiu farms and in the gardens of Canada,
and on these wo pay no taxes. The wixxl
to cook tho uiBul comes fn-'u cmr own for-
ests, and wo pay no tax to tho Federal Gov-
ernment on that If coal is burned, we pay
just the same price for it that tho people of
Boatou pay, and less than the [muplu ot New
York pay, for exactly the aamo article.

It will thus Ixjsetmtl.at the workingmen
and farmers of Canada aro loss taxed than
the same classes In other coiintriBS. Ii may
be potdowr. as au actual fact that the work-
ingmen and the farmers of i 'uiiada aro more
lightly (axed than tliopHi of »ny other coun-
try. It will also lie seoii how iiusal'e u ^!uid»
Mr. Blake Is in matters nf Ihii kind.