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No. 27. 
 
 The Workingman and Taxation. 
 
 It hM bean mada a cuua of oompUint 
 ■gainst the Natiooal Policy that it has in- 
 creased the taxation of the people. Mr. 
 Blake has on several oooasions made this 
 chame. At Oalt, at Toronto, at Moutraal, 
 aii'l many other plaone, Mr. Blake has as- 
 serte<I that every workingman and his fam- 
 ily is obliged to take from his earainga the 
 sum of $4,') a year to pay the taxes imposed 
 upon Mm by the National Policy. He haj 
 on several oocaaions promised that ii' the 
 workingmen will sapport him,he will sea that 
 a less taxation than $4S is taken trom tba 
 average workingman's family. The promisa 
 is a safe one, for the taxation is nothing 
 like the amount he has stated. 
 
 It lias already been shown in the ool- 
 nmns of thv. Stab that tae worlrJngman re- 
 ceiver better wages .ind fuller employment 
 under the National Policy than he did under 
 the old tariff. It has also been demonstrated 
 that the pnrchaiiiig power of the dollar, 
 bs9 greatly increased, gpxierlaa, clothing, 
 coal, etc., etc., being mocli ^ower in prloa bow 
 than in 1878. 
 
 But if ttii« increased power to earn w,4ge8, 
 through increased price of labor and oon- 
 Btanl employment; if this decreased cost of 
 the necessaries of living are oSwt by in- 
 creased eiponditure in the shape of taxation, 
 tlien the gain is not so great as it appeared ; 
 tliore is an evil to beset off against the good. 
 Even if the average workingman's family 
 had to pay $45 a year in taxes to the Federal 
 • iovnrnmeat he would still be a great many 
 dollars ahead in the year. We contend that 
 no such sum is paid, that in point of fact 
 thero hfis been no increase of taxation as 
 reaper i the workingman. 
 
 Ml . Blake stated that $15 of the $45 were 
 profits charged on the extra duties by the 
 wtiolesale and retail dealers. That state- 
 uMnt has been proved absurt', because, as 
 lias been shown, articles of food, clothing, 
 lijjlit and fuel are lower now than they were 
 in 1878. 
 
 The remaining $30 Mr. Blake says is paid 
 directly into the Oominion Treasury as taxes, 
 lie is singularly inaccurate in matters of 
 acconnt. For instance, it uas beer shown 
 tliat in his Montreal speech he added ex- 
 jienditurea on capital account and on cur- 
 rent ar<70unt togettier, in order ,.0 find out 
 tho yearly expenditure required to run the 
 g<)veriimental machiue. A bookkeeper in 
 any tirm in IVluntreal who would add the 
 cost of the building in which the business is 
 carried on to the firm's yearly expenditure 
 required to run Uie business, would be sacked 
 on the s|Kit for his incompetency . The bus- 
 iness of a country is just like the business of 
 a mercaLtile firm in respect to the difference 
 between current expenditures and capital 
 outlay. 
 
 Mr. Blake makes the same singular mis- 
 take in dealing with the taxation. He takes 
 the whole revenue anil calls it taxation. Thus 
 in 1886, according to the Public Accounts, 
 the whole revenue amounted to $32,5(10,000. 
 i)ividing that amount by the number uf f.im- 
 ilies in Canada, Mr. Blake geb* $30 as what 
 he calls the taxation paid by t'.ie average 
 family of five persons. But the trouble with 
 Mr. Blake's calculation is that he starts 
 wrong. The $32,500,000 is not all of it tax- 
 ittiuii, though it is all revenue. The people 
 (Iif Canada own railways, canals and other 
 iitlier public works. There are stamps for 
 leltera which the Government sell. If a 
 rtian wants to trave'i to Halifax, he gets a 
 ticket over the Intercolonial which belongs 
 Ui the Government He pays fur it, but he 
 In carried to the place he desires to reach. 
 He has his money's worth for his money, 
 just as he has when he travels on the Urand 
 Ti'nnk. If he wants to send a letter, he pays 
 for a stamp and giils his money's worth in 
 the carrying and delivering of the letter. 
 Th IS is not taxation. It is not necessary 
 for him to travel unles» he thinks it will pay 
 him. It is not naoessary for him to send 
 the letter, uuleaa he thinks advantage of 
 aonin kind will rsaolt to himself or hi* 
 (rlanda. 
 
 7'<U(iMvn, on the other hand, h tba t«U 
 which ttie Uovamment take* from every- 
 ona' in some ahapa or other, to ba expended 
 for govammental or adminlstratiTe pur- 
 poaeo- -to pay the interest on the public debt, 
 tba ilaiaries ofotllcials, the cost of lighting and 
 
 heating the public buildings, the indemnity to 
 members of Parliament, etc. Everybody has 
 to pay his share of this. The earnings from 
 Government investments (amounting in ISfit 
 to nearly $2,000,000,) the earnings oflhs 
 Government railways (in 1885, $2,750,000), 
 the earnings of the post-ofBce (in 1885 $2,- 
 400,000,) and sundry other receipts, in all 
 amounting to $7,412,472, are not Uuafon hut 
 arerevenna. This sum must be deducted 
 from Mr. Blake's $32 500,000 before we can 
 get at the taxation as distinguished from the 
 rarenae. We see what a curious mistake 
 Mr. filaka, la his ignorance of business mat» 
 tars, made, whan he confounded taxation 
 with revenue. 
 
 In Canada, for Federal purposes, taxation 
 iaolndes only the amount raised by customs 
 and internal revenue duties. 
 
 Turning to tlin Public. Accounts we find as 
 follows : " Receipts from taxes 1884-6, $25,- 
 884,529 " Again, with this staring him iu tha 
 face, ona wonder* how Mr. Blake came to 
 oukkesnch a bungle of it as to declare that 
 the raoeipla from taxaa amounted to $32,- 
 600,000. 
 
 Correcting Mr. Blake's strange blunder, we 
 have, as the y~>arly taxation of the average 
 family of Ave persons, rich and poor together, 
 thesara of $24 or thereabouts, instea<1 of Mr. 
 Blake's $45. 
 
 But that is not all. When we desire to find 
 out how much per family the workingmen of 
 Canada are called upon to pay to the Govern- 
 ment as taxes, we must enquire what are 
 necessaries and what not Now, $8,450,000 of 
 the $25,500,000 is raised from spirits, a'co- 
 boiic liquors and tobacco. Kay workingman 
 who contributes to the $8,500,000, does so vol- 
 mitarily and not of necessity. He need not 
 pay one cent of it unless he chooses- Then, 
 $1,624,000 of the $25,500,300 is paid into the 
 treasury as duties on high clsss luxuries sui.li 
 as silks, satins, jewellery, etc., which the 
 average workingman may buy or not just as 
 he chooses. He is not com|>elled to pay any 
 portion of that. These two amounts iloducled 
 from the $25,500,000, leave $15,000,000, which, 
 divided among the families of the land, gives 
 just about $14 50 as the necessary taxation 
 which a sober, industrious workingman und 
 his family have to pay each year towards 
 the maintenance of the Government instead 
 of Mr. Blake's $45. This is the price he pays 
 for law and older, for the management of the 
 public affairs of the country. 
 
 Now, how does that compare witli other 
 countries ? 
 
 In England, the average workingman's 
 family contributes $24.26 a year to the 
 Treasury, iu the shape of taxes, and is much 
 less able to do it 
 
 In the United States, according to Mr. 
 Atkinson, the proportion of national taxes 
 paid by the artisan's family of five persons 
 is $26, or $5 per head, against $4.80 per head 
 in Canada, taking in both cases tlia taxation 
 to include the liquor and tobacco part of the 
 Bill. 
 
 In Franco, the proportion is '(.18 per head. 
 
 Now look for a moment how near we iu 
 Canada come to having a free breakfast 
 table. Tea and coffee are untaxed. Ifthey 
 were taxed at the same rate as under the 
 Cartwrigbl tariff, there would ho au addition 
 of $1,1'.'0,000 to tho taxes. The present Qov- 
 ernmont took off these taxes. Sugar aud 
 molasses are taxed much lower than they 
 were under the Cartwright tariff, and the 
 workingman gets the lieneUt by having to 
 pay only G cents a pound iusleKl of ftj cents 
 as in 1878. Wc i>ay leas in Uxes for these 
 two articles by $2,300,000 than iu 1878. The 
 other articles of tlie breakfast table aro raised 
 on tiiu farms and in the gardens of Canada, 
 and on these wo pay no taxes. The wixxl 
 to cook tho uiBul comes fn-'u cmr own for- 
 ests, and wo pay no tax to tho Federal Gov- 
 ernment on that If coal is burned, we pay 
 just the same price for it that tho people of 
 Boatou pay, and less than the [muplu ot New 
 York pay, for exactly the aamo article. 
 
 It will thus Ixjsetmtl.at the workingmen 
 and farmers of Canada aro loss taxed than 
 the same classes In other coiintriBS. Ii may 
 be potdowr. as au actual fact that the work- 
 ingmen and the farmers of i 'uiiada aro more 
 lightly (axed than tliopHi of »ny other coun- 
 try. It will also lie seoii how iiusal'e u ^!uid» 
 Mr. Blake Is in matters nf Ihii kind.