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CABOT'S HEAD 
 
 (I.AKK HURON) 
 
 CABOT AND CABOTIA. 
 
 BY 
 
 MENI<V ^^OA DDirsfO. D.D. 
 
 FROJI "ThK WeKK" ok NOVKMIIKR 18, 1802. 
 
 TORONTO : 
 
 I'kks.s of The Week, 5 Jokdan Street. 
 
CABOT'S HEAD 
 
 (LAKE HURON) 
 
 CABOT AND CABOTIA. 
 
 By Henry Scaddirigr, D.I>. 
 
 
 THE well-known remarkable promontory, which divides 
 the Georgian Bay from Lake Huron proper, is known 
 as Cabot's Head, and is so marked on modern maps. 
 Cabot's Head in situated in the county of Bruce and in 
 the township of Lindsay, at the east side of the promontory 
 looking into Georgian Bay, whilst Cape Hunl, situate in 
 the township of St. Edmund in the same county, forms 
 the western point of the promontory looking out upon 
 Lake Huron. In D. W. Smith's First Gazetteer of 
 Western Canada (1797), we are told that '• Cabot's Head is 
 a large promontory running into Lake Huron west of 
 Gloucester and Machedash Bay, and embays a large part 
 of that lake at its easternmost extremity, stretching itself 
 towards the Manitou Islands." In the maps accompanying 
 this early Gazetteer, Cabot's Head is accordingly conspicu- 
 ously marked in Lake Huron, as thus described. 
 
 Sebastian Cabot, son of John Cabot, was born at Bristol 
 in 1477. His father was a flourishing Venetian merchant 
 there, and greatly interested in the maritime discoveries of 
 the day. 
 
 The commission for making discoveries in the West, 
 issued by Henry VII. in 1495, was addressed to John 
 Cabot, the Venetian merchant settled at Bristol, and to 
 his three sons, Lewis, Sebastian and Sanchius. A supple- 
 
4 
 
 -¥ 
 I 
 
 mentary charter having the same object in view was issued 
 by Henry very soon after, and this was addressed to John 
 Cabot solely, reference being madt', however, to depu*;ie8 
 who might represent him, and, under this term, his three 
 sons mentioned in the preceding charter may have been 
 implied. The constant tradition ut Bristol has been that 
 the son fcjebastian was the leading spirit in the carrying 
 out of these expeditions, and it is a question whether John 
 Cabot in person accompanied any of them, his son Sebas 
 tian, being a practical mariner and pilot, effectively ta'dng 
 his place. 
 
 Of the other brothers we hear nothing, but they, of 
 course, being members of the firm, so to speak, would 
 share in the profits and honours which might ultimately 
 arise from the enterprise. The father cannot have long 
 survived, and it is to Sebastian alone that commissions for 
 discoveries are addressed in the following two reigns. It 
 is Sebastian that is figured in the tine portrait by Holbein, 
 on which he is styled " Primus inventor novae terrae {>ro 
 Henrico Septimo Angliae Rege '' — " The first discoverer 
 of a new Land for Henry the Seventh, King of England." 
 He is here also distinguished by the epithet Anglus, 
 Englishman, having reference doubtless to the fact that he 
 was born at Bristol, whilst his merchant father, John, was 
 a native of Venice. 
 
 Sebastian, as we have just seen, was, with his father, 
 commissioned to undertake a voyage of discovery, and on 
 this occasion he sighted the coast of North America on 
 June 24, 1497, reaching the shore of Labrador about 
 latitude 56', and then coasting southwards he fell in with 
 an island, generally understood to be Newfoundland, but 
 some say it was Cape Breton or Prince Edward Isbnid. In 
 an entry in the privy purse expenses of Henry VII., we 
 have a gift of ten pounds recorded 10th of August, 1497, 
 " to him that found the new isle ; " and in the year follow- 
 ing, 1498, we have the same king granting to John Cabot 
 and his son Sebastian permission " to convey and lede to 
 the londe and isles of late founde by the said persons in 
 our name an^ by our commaundemente," etc. It will thus 
 appear that the island of Newfoundland has curiously 
 
 t 
 
 9 
 
t 
 
 5 
 
 t 
 
 if 
 
 retained a8 its proper 'laint; an indrfiiiitc pliruao applied to 
 Cabot's discoverko in Henry VII.'h roign. So it has conn: 
 to pass that while to Coluialtun is due the discovery of the 
 West India lalandy and a portion of the northern coast of 
 iSouth Aiu(;rica, it ia to a native-born British mariner, 
 Sebastian Cabot, acting, as it would seem, for his fatlier, 
 John Cabot, that Europe was indel)ted for the discovery of 
 North America proper, that region having never b(!en seisn 
 or even thought of by Christopher Columbus. Someyiais 
 afterwardo (1517), in the reign of H(;nry Vlll., we have 
 Sebastian Cabot again sent ou an expedition westward, 
 and on this occasion he appears to have penetrated tirst 
 into the River St. Lawrence, and afterwards to liave 
 explored Hudson's Bay, and to have given Englihh nany>8 
 to some places th( reabout. He was subsequently warmly 
 patronized by Edward VI., and was instrumental in estab- 
 lishing a trade between England and Russia, but in Queen 
 Mary's reign he seems not to have been so high in favour. 
 The Emperor Charles V. of Germany, however, certainly 
 patronized him, and entrusted hiiu with some diuies con- 
 nected with marine discoveries. Where or when S»bas- 
 tian Cabot died, is not distinctly known. 
 
 1 am glad to have an opportunity of recalling the fact 
 that we ha e such an endunug existing monument in our 
 Province, of this most useful English discov irer, as the bold 
 promontory in Lake Huron, entitled now for at least. 100 
 years, Cabot's ilead. It were to be wished that some 
 one or other of our eminent landscape artis;ts would make 
 a point of presenting to the Canadian public a tine 
 characteristic drawing of this promontory which has so 
 much history associated with it. It would make a good 
 companion to the now rather common pictorial representa- 
 tion of Thunder Cape in Lake Superior. A most interest- 
 ing narrative, entitled "The Remarkable Life, Adventures 
 and Discoveries of Sebastian Cabot, of Bristol, the Foun- 
 der of Great Britain's Maritime Power, Discoverer of 
 America, and Its First Colonizer" was published in Lon- 
 don in the year 1869, the author being J. F. Nicholls, 
 City Librarian of Bristol. Pretixed to this work is the 
 iiue portrait already referred to, said to be by Holbein, 
 
of Sohantian Cabot seated bcforo a globe. A labt-l hViovp 
 him bears ihe inHcriptioa " EtKf^itH S(>baHtittni Usiboti 
 Angli, filii JohunniH Cubuti, Von«'ti, uiilitiH aurati, primi 
 invr.ntoriH t( rrac novao." The pious motto h added "Spes 
 Mea in Deo est." Th(! expn Haion "militia aurati " Heema 
 to imply that Uabot was a Chovalier of domo order of 
 knighthood, poasibly foreign. The chain of gold which 
 surrounds and depends from his neck in ihe picture may 
 be a symbol of this honour. A well-known bookseller at 
 Bristol, Mr. George, has long styled his establishment 
 '• Th(^ Cabot's Head," and th(! device of h likeness of 
 Cabot appears upon the title page of his catalogues with 
 the inscription appended, " Pro Anglis Novum Agrum 
 [nvenit, Anno Chrisii 1497." Ho discovered for the I ig- 
 linh people anew territory in the year of our Lord 1497. 
 Lieutenant-Governor Kirkpatrick, it will be remem- 
 ber<'d, at the late revi(!W of the trained Cadets of the public 
 schools of Toronto (Oct. 13th, IS92), appropriatfly and 
 happily referred to the tacts tii.ii I have just detailed. 
 He said very truly that the actual explorations of 
 Columbus were confined to certain West India Islands, 
 and a portion of the northern part of Houth America, and 
 that the revelation of the continent of North America 
 was chiefly due to Cabot, an Englishman acting under the 
 authority of the English Crown, The word Cabotia has 
 been more than once suggested as a general name for 
 the British possessions in North America. I remember a 
 large, tinely engraved map of these possessions hanging on 
 th< walls of Air. Fothergill's study at Toronto, years ago, 
 with this name attached in large letters as an appellation 
 for the portion of the globe therein delineated. And in 
 Lindsey'a " Life and Fimesof Mackenzie," Vol. I., p. 57, is 
 to be read the following note having reference to the general 
 name Cabotia : " Cabotia, a word ditrived from the di.scoverer 
 Cabot, and one which has been r<'garded as the best desig- 
 nation for the whole of British North America. While 
 Nova Scotia or New Brunswick would not like to sink her 
 individuality as pa'-t of Canada, she would not object to 
 be a part of Cabotia. Canadians, however, would object 
 to change the name of their country." The text to which 
 
 » ' 
 
 
 Si 
 
1 
 
 i 
 
 thifl noto iH appendod ia a portion of tho Diary (Dpc. 
 Utli, 1826) of Mr, W. L. .Mftcknnzic liimHclf, aiul in 
 reniarkiible hh containing an ailinirahlc fore shadowint; of 
 Conf(3derMtion, both colonial and impf^rial. " VVc liav«> 
 writt«m much and oftt>n, a IvocaLing an ctff^ctive and unitod 
 government for tlv ColonicH in the l)ondH of amity and 
 relationship with Eni,'land. \Vt; have nent hundftnls of 
 copies of our journal to Europe to distinijuiHhed persona 
 with that projf'ct specially marked and noted, but \v(!re 
 always afraid that the idea would be treat(>d as an iiUe 
 chimera, even by the best and wisest of British statesmen. 
 It would, however, be the best and safest policy ; for Eng- 
 land can continue to hold Cabotia only by the ties of 
 friendship, amity, and mutual advantage — ties which, 
 with the divine blessing, would b" greatly strengthened, 
 were the tahmts, the resources and the enterprise of all the 
 Colonies fully brought into action in a liberal, enlightened 
 and united general Government." ft is here plainly to be 
 seeu that Mr. VV. L. Mackenzie was in 1826, and long 
 previously, greatly in advance of his age in his ideas of 
 Colonial policy. His words admirably express the noble 
 objects which the advocates of Imperial Confederation have 
 in view at the present moment. Mr. NichoUs, in his in- 
 teresting *' Memoir of Sebastian Cabot" already referred 
 to, puts the case of Cabot and his discoveries, as compared 
 with that of Columbus and his discoveries, in a nut-shell, 
 as it were, thus (p. 77) : " Were poetical justice done 
 to Sebastian Cabot the whole of the northern continent 
 should be called Cabotia ; for from the 68*^ north latitude 
 to the 30°, or from the northernmost part of Hudson's 
 Bay to the Gulf of Mexico, he was the tirst European who 
 surveyed its coasts or attempted to colonize its deserted 
 shores ; whilst the southern continent, or at least the 
 Western Indies should bear the honoured name — 
 Columbia." It is evident that Sebastian Cabot largely 
 divides with Columbus the honours arising from tirst dis- 
 coveries made on the Continent of America ; and it would 
 be well if the astute personages who give us to understand 
 that they have power to regulate such matters, were to take 
 the merits of the latter into their serious consiueration. 
 
8 
 
 SohaHtian (Jabot would oortainly h., round to hav,, boon a 
 
 man of .co lent principlos unci very l.i.h ain.H, as sl.own 
 
 i>y hiH model hook of inHtructioufi dircctr^d hy him to bo 
 
 read onco a wook on board of evory Hhip during hi^ latrr 
 
 expodi ions. as may bo so.n at lari.. on page l;>(i of 
 
 N.cholla' work. Our Continent mi.d.t th.n :■ 'reaftor havo 
 
 tho heneht of a '.wo- fold K..)orint.ndenco ca,ri..d on oon- 
 
 jointly by Hamtly agency, Homowhn^ after tho manner of 
 
 that oxoroised over maritimo interests by the Dioscuri of 
 
 old he Gomm; of our zodiac, tho ''Twin ConHtellatJon " 
 
 the lucida Sidora " of H. race's famous ode