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Tous les autres exempiaires originaux sont film^s en commengant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'iiiustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaltra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, seion Ie cas: Ie symbole — ^ signifie "A SUIVRE ", ie symbols V signifie "FIN ". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film6s d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque Ie document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul cllch6, II est fiimd d partir de Tangle sup^rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant ie nombre d'images n6cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants lllustrent la m^thode. 1 2 3 [.' : t ^^ ■• 3 ^ 5 6 ■M s^tsmm^^am^aiie^ p=^ ^fssHin^psa^t.^'J PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. INFOKMATTOJS J — RXOARDINQ 1TB- CLIMATK, SOIL, RESOURCES, f Suitability for Summer Visitors and Tourists, &c., &c. PUBLISHED By AUTHOR/Jy OF THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT. OTTAWA: PRINTID BT MacLfAN, RoOBB, & Co. "WELLINGTON StREBT. 1888. I III I W %r \ % i | W H II W l i '^'lft-'a I . n ' '^m^ I ■ 1 1 1 w ,»' 'iif 1 ^ ^ ■» \ s PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND, Piincf! Eilwanl Islam!, tli« .sinalleat of the Provinces of (.no Doinidion of Catiadu, is sitnated on tho Hduthern part, of tho (iulT of St. I^awrencf, mkI iu sepftniteil frpiu Nova Scotia ami New lirutiswick liy tlio Strait of N'ortli- umberland, wliich varies tVoui seven to tliirty iuiIoh in widtli. This Island was discovered by Sebn.stian Cabot, on St. John's Day, 24lh Jiiri", I 107, and was called by him tl>(> Island of St. John, which name it boro until IT'JO, when, out of voinplimentto the Duk" of Kent, the father of Queen Victoria, at that time (.Com- mander of the forces in Halifax, it was clianged, by an Act of the Colonial I^egislature, to that of Prince Edwiird Island. It existed as a >*e[)arate riovernniPnt from the Ist May, IT6^(, to latJuly, I87;j, when it became a I'rovinceol the I)ominion of Canada. It was not, however, until the Tlh Julv, 1773, that the (joneral Assembly met, under Walter Patterson, its first Governor. Responsible Government was (conceded in IS5i, .^inoe which time the Executive has been distinctly recognized as responsible to the Legisla- ture. The Governmenl i- administered by a Lieutenant Governor, appointed by the Dominion Government, assisted by an Executive (\)uncil of nine members of the Legislature. The other branches are the Legislative Council of thirteen members, and the House of Assembly of thirty members, The system of Govern- ment i-^^^ the same as in tho other Provinces of th* Dominion, except that the Legislative Council is elective. The Island is divided into three counlies, each of which elects four rouiicillors ((/"harlottetown returning one additionnh and ten representatives to the Ixjwer House. There is no property qualitioatioii for members of the Legislative Council ; for its electors the qualifications are full age, and the occupation of property to the value of $ !2.'). The property <|ualifi('»; tionof a member oftiie House of A.ssembly is the possession of freehold or irta.se. hold estate to the value of $163, over and above all encumbrances. The quahtioa* fions of electors for the lx)wor House are full age, a residence ot twelve months, and the performance of two day's laljour ou tho roads, or the payment of seventy, five cents commutatiun money. TVio Island is represented in the Dominica Parliament by tour Senatfirs, and six members of tlie House of Commons. The Revenue, which, during the lawt three years, has averaged al>oi)t $254 ,(yX), is derived from subsidy allowed by tho I 'omuiion Government, moneys arising from the sale of Government lands, fees, ice , (the Provincial Government levies no taxation), .and is applied to education, the administration of justice, tho maintpjance of Public VVork.s and buildings, and of the Executive Government. Seen from the water, the appearance ot Prinr ,;:'-:!*v=7?- ST ■*\wt»r(»«.wa . 2 acres, an» ronnetiting daily wiili ports in Nova Scotia and Now Brunswick, and thus with tho various railway systems of Canada and the United States. Freight and passenger steainerH connect weekly witli Quebec, Montreal, St. Johns, Nt wtoundland, Halifax, Boston and New York, while, during tho shipping season, opportunitios occur of direct lieii^hts by Ht«^amer to british ports. Ordinary navigation ^'onorally closes about the njiddic of Iio(^ember, and re-opens about the middle of April. During thisi time communication is carried on with the mainland by a steamer specially constructed foru winter navigation. The various ettorls in this direction can so far, liowever, be regarded as experi- mental or,ly, the ditliculties attending it not having been fully sinmounted. This service ip supplemented by boats which cross to New Brunswick at the " Capes" a distance of nine miles. Branch railways have reconily boon constructed to Capo Traverse on the Island, and to Cape Tonuentine in New Brunswick, and there is no doubt that a permanent connection will be established between these two points, and that communication during winter will, ore long, be accomplished with but little diHiculty. A subway has been proposed to connect tho Island with the railway pystems of the other provinces, and the matter is fairly before the Dominion Government, its complete practicability having been favourably reported on by many leading engineers. Surveys and borings liave been made by which the bottom of the fctraits has been shewn to be perfectly suitable to the enterprise. The following table gives the distances from some of the principal cities of Canada and the United .States and the length of time at present required *to tuake the journey : — Miles. Hours. Charlottetowa to Halifax, Nova Scotia 1 60 12 " " St. John, New Brunswick 200 12 •* "Quebec tiO » "Montreal 80(J 48 " "Ottawa %0 6,; « " Boston, Massachusetts 60O 3ti « " New York 850 44 A line of railway traverses the Island Irom Tignish, the western terminus, to Souris, the eastern, with branches to Charlotte town, Georgetown, and Cape Traverse, a total distance of 210 miles. The adoption of the shorter route to New Brunswick, via Capes Traverse and Tormentine, either by means of the Subway before mentioned, or by ferry Bteiimerrt, wonM not only |PHi*»n the timn nf triivel to the upper provinceM, Jico., but would givi! a iijroatcr impetus to ti'.Kl'*, and to the piHHoniJor trulllo in pur- ticulni-. Mails arfi dospatchf^d duily to ihft Miiinliind, and w<'fkly to Grout I5ritain, while adv(inta)r<' is titccn nf jntoi voiiiiii; opportntiitiort lua N'ow York. PIkto aro «.xc«llent postal faoilitias tlirou^jhout the Province, —po-it olHi><>s heini; ostahlinli- ei'va!s of thren or four inilos, au'i oi' iIum*' there are "J'.'?, or one ior t'Vory foui liiuidnnl inhihitant^. Thero is dirfi.st tflHjiraphic coiutnunioution liy siilirnarino I'iihh', and (eU*- graph ollicfafl uro OMtaldislied in all tlio principal tov\rn ami villa;i;ps, and along tlie line oT railway. In ad lition to this a Tol>'.phonii (>oinpany, which opened an cxchangft in Charlottelown in ISS"), Ims extendt'd it< operations into some parts of the country. Resides the internal cominunioation furnished l)y tlie railway, Hevcral small steamers and wailing packets, most of lliem Huhsidized, moro or less, by the Ooverniuent, ofler means of coayt and river transit. In the summer theie is no more enjoyable trip than a sail, either to Orapaud or Orwell and hack, by the Inland Navigation Company's steamer from Charlottetown, and a much hotter idea, and a nearer view, of the shore farms are obtained, tlian is possible from the Pictou boat. One or more of the denominations mentioned in the population statistics have places of worship in almost every district. Seven Newspapers are published in the Province, hve ot which are weeklies and two dailies, which latter issue weekly editions also ; three of the former aro located in Suiniuerside, the remainihr in the Capital, where, also, the Royal Gazette appear". The people are, on the whole, (Ontented and prosperous, and the farmers, though few of them can be called wealthy, constitute the most independent portion of the population. The amount to the credit of depositors in the Dominion Havings Bank on the 3(»th June 1887, was lp2,;5()."),5;5.),()'J, or $I9.;{7 for every man, woman and child in the Province. The amount on deposit in the five other banks doing busine.ss, as well a:: the capital invested in commercial ventures, which is very considerable, must also be taken itito account. The Law Courts of the Province consist of; — 1. Court of Chancery, of which the Lieutenant Governor is ex officio Chan- cellor, and t)\o judicial powers of which aro exercised by a Master of the IJoUs and V'ice Chancellor. 2. Court of Divorce, of which the Lieutenant Governor and members of the Executive Council are .Judges. 3. Supreme Court presided over by a Chief Justice and two Assistant .fudges. This court besides its sessions in Charlottetown sits, for the trial of civil and criminal suits, twice a year, both in Summerside and Georgetown, the chief towns of the other counties. 4. County Courts, of whi(!h there is one in each county, pr« ^roiinil i«>hi»>tt the plough, which is nrdina-ily uhnut the Mecond week in Doo»'nihcr. I ho cold fh«"n iucreaHet lapifJly, and tho >iroiin*tigf>H of froot Hptcdily vanish. Tlie ppriirg in bhort, and in the beginrringof June the summer liursts forth, arrd from thia tirue to rhe iMid of .Septi'rrr''er, the clitna(o resembleB that of th« Southern ooast of England. The tboMiiomwter, in calm weather iiidiotttes a greater dcu'rPO of Ireut, hut the sea hieezo Heldom falla to lijwer the teurper'ature, .so that little niconvenience arises from it AV)out tlie middle of September the autunm comruences. 'I he cold i.s neiHier so greaf in winter*, nor the heat so irrten.'-t' in summer as in the weatorn provim-oa of the Dominion, while the Island is almost entirely free from those logs to wliich the neighboring provinccraturo Lowest rcrnperature.. Moan of all lilglu^sl temporal iiros Men I) of all lowfisi loriiperaturtiH Amt of vain (Inclieej Amt. of snow (Indies) TotJil precipitation.. .. No. of fog!' (bserveil. Number of ttinnCI-0() MO-SO 86 70 >i.-40 M 10 sl-sO 81-70 78 NO ■1.1-80 -17-00 -u-;jo —16(H) -14"/) -1«;«) -•2010 -1(1-50 — l.-.-OO ■lO-U.^ »7-.'i0 i,S'm;j 4H-II2 17 11) 47 .58 47 13 48 10 43 113 MO'OI ■iL!'21) :J2-I7 .t'OO ;ti-<>5 .n 07 MO:i ■1) S2 26 (Vi ■.vz-m 25-127 24-24r> ■29n\i 26'73.'} 30-70 80-07 3061 12M8 93-00 17(1 -06 i:.io U775 212-90 1-23-31 137-45 114 70 (M 74 41-71 ■1201S iX'oSfi 4;i-8()4 48 ()2;< 12-74 r.3-->i 12 08 ii»-m 13 16 10 21 s 15 20 15 2 7 t) 1« 11 U 8 7 •1 — « 14 23 It 11 !) 13 ft — ■21 19 10 It) 21 17 -23 20 » LAND.5. For nrore than halt a century what was knowrr as the "Land (Question" was, io uae a phrase thiit has become historical, " a fruitful source of discontent " Now, happily, it is pos.iible to write of our beautiful Island with merely a passing reference to this grievance, and to say that it no longer exists. Absentee proprietorship has been abolished, and tho Provincial Government having purchased the interests of the landlords, has taken their place, not, however, for the purpose of exacting the annual rent from the tenants, but with the object of nidkiii/j tht'iii ownotH of tlin freoliol.J of tlio hdiI wlii
  • \ fitr tlio nr«mti>r iii:ii)rily of tli»< toriflnls liaxo uvniU'il Mi'mhsi'Im's, to nuch an extiMit, iml'MxI, timt hi th'i olo«« ol lS8t), of til-' 7t'i,7(Hi aricH ai tiuilly r«»iiiaitiin>< unxoM of llm h|;(/,»s|, iturrhiwetl by tlin < i')V«M Militant, only ultout. on'< half t'K|.r»'HPtifHi| I, in I hoi' f by partes who hafl not, yt'l coinnienct'il to buy. 'I'h« reinaiiir mav l> • wot down ai tlie avail- able imciiitivHtfil and vai^'ant ()o\orunient lami. Those nonsiwt of forest IuiuIh of njediiim 'jualily, (Iip very host. bavin>j, of courno, lioen tak(>n up by tho tonantrt ill tho lirsil iiistHin'o, and (heir prico averav'''s about ont' dollar por a^ro. lUrtiPH deHiiiri;» to tettif upon tlioiii are ullowcd Ij a •h'lpo^it of not l«'«s than twenty pfr cent, of thu whole annum, the remainder bein>: (iivid->d into ten e(,iial uistalmenl.-. payabh^ annually, with tivo per Cent itUcrest on the balance lelt unpaid each year. Althouv'.i there is hi. parent ly little room for new ^et tiers, yet Prince Edward Fsland is a (Ipsirable tiold lor a certain class nf iiumi>;ranls, who, in search of a ready niaile farm, where Ibey may have the social eomfbrt" of life with.n tfieir reach, nr.i prepared to pav a hi;.'her price rather than ^n westward. Such farms can bo obtained in tlie l.-,land, aiid vario'is <;ircimntani.u'B have contributed to f)]ace them in tlie market The desire for chan^'e, an I to soo the world on a arger s(!al<' than m all orded theai at home, has led manv of Ih" yo jth to the great North-West, and to the busier life in the large cities oi the United .Stat(>3. Tho adoption of other pursuits has also, in some eases, deprived the farmer of tho assistance of his sons, and, liavin^ himself accjuirod a com[ietency, he is often anxiouB to sell and remove into town. Other-t. again, have been unfortunate, and are burd>>ned with debts, of which they des'ie to relieve tliemsclveH ami btart afresh. The price of such land varies much accor lin;i to its (juality, situ* tttion, and buildin^'8, but, with jiooil buildinij;-', a farm of ItX) a'lres cm bo obtain- ed from $20 to $5."), (£4. to L'7.) an acre. I'aeilitiei for travel and transportation are excellent, the roads a"e good, and few iarmers are as much as six md«>8 from a shipping jdaco for their surplus produce. All the necessiries of lif< can be had at very low rates. T,alnur savin;.' maolimcs of the mo t approvoti kinds can be purcJia.sed or hired without any dilHoulty, the competition iuthis branch being very keen. SOIL, CROPS Ac. The Island is noted for the fertility of its soil, and it may confi lentlv be asserted that, with the exception of a few bo;.;s an 1 swaiips composed of a soft spongy turf, or a deep layer of wet black m mid, tho wiiole Inland c )n8i9ts of highly valuable cultivable land. The .-.oil. wlii b is well \ atered with nunierous pprings and rivers, in formed for the most part of a rich laver of vegetable matter above a bright loam, resting upon a stifl clay and sandstone; the land, in its natural state, being covered with timber and shrub of ever\ variety. 'I"he under- lying rock through the main part ol' the Islan 1, belong.^ to tlie uji|)er rermian, capped about .New London anal crops raised are wheat, o.its, barley, jntatoes and turnips, of which oats end ]iotatoe8 are expoited in veiy large quantities Mr. J. P. Slieldon, Piofessor of Agriculture at the Wilts and Hants Agricultural College, Downton, near ,'^aIi.>-bury, who visited the Island in l.^>!0, thus writes of it :~ " In some respects this is one of tlie most beautiful Piovinces in the Dominion, ami it has probably the largest proportion of cultiv ible land. Th» soil genera'ly is a red sandy loam, of one character throughout, but differing in quality. On th^ whole, the grass land of the Island and the character of the sward, consisting as it does oi' indigenous clovers !mr of t to ProvihccM, with th«« oxrpi)linn of New Uruiiswiek. Tl»i« iit |»r')l>ul)ly o>vii)j< to II rooliT cliinitt*', mil Hn' coiilijjuily of lln" r.»'ii. I'nnco KtiwMrd InIkmiI im imvimimI vvitli li huiI tliHt Im ommv to cultivate, MOiititl ninl lionlthy, nii)»blo of giv iiijr I'xocllent ci<)| H ol ri)0(M, i/riiiti mi'l j^nmi* — iin lii)ip-«t noil tltftt will not full to rf'M|Mn)il to tli^ mUill of ilic l:iiNl)aiiiliiinn Tho IkIudiI ttioua v«>ry liOivl wlieat, ami piodnhly Itollcr oiitH tliaii riioiti other ihuIm >it tii«> Uoiiiitiion. Ml the ItnuHT lilt' ' rojiH are troin IH to ;^h IiukIh'Is aii latter 2') to 7l) !>ii»'li«N por aiM«. Harley, too makeH ii vmy nu e ito|(. Wheat, mI. tlu( liiiit» of iiiv vmi*, ^vas worth It per lniHhel of t'ld IIin., oatM In. '.^d. per hiivjit I of .i4 Hii ami hurley "Jh. fid. to3H. per hiibhel of -IX Ihx. The IkUikI in noicil l»ir ili laruB iTopn of exrollent potaCoeH, which not. uinominoiiiy foot up to 'JV) hunheln an acre oT Hue handHoiiio tiihera. Swodos inaki- a line crop, not uncotntnonlv rfaehlnj; TW liiinhelM per acre ot HOund and ^oiid hult)M." 'I ho following: lahlf ^'ivoa the yield per aero ami prcflciit pricei : — ( Wt per IiunIioI. •nibii. M " in - (to " IK) " r>i)*iioi>. if> to.'m «i)ti>ii() :<0 to 4^ i.')0 ti) ;m HHI to lIKN) \ Al Deolrniti. liK. Hierling WhOHt Out*' fOHOto ilV) (rjltii i>:)ii > IITAIIO Hint ' oiMlo o:)i 1 0-lJlo 16 Xh. Id 10 IN 2' In addition to the nnttirnl fertility of tho soil, tho jn-ont facility for obtaining tuamire maj ti<' set down as one of tho princiftal ad\ aiitagew. In itioHt of the bay^ and rivers ain found exten.sivo depiisits of unissol iinid, fotuied by >lorayed oyster, clnin and nuissel nhellH. Ihote (h'ptMitn vary from fivo to twenty feet in dejitii, and their surlare ia olten n-vond feet below low water level. Muehines placeil ip'on tlie ice. and woikod by hot.so power, aro used for raining this man- ure, .vhich i» Ihon carried off by sleds and di t,hi> i>overing ol 8no\v still leniain-i. I'rocuied in this way, in lar^;e <|iiantitief , and posK>ssin>? great fertilizing' tjUalities, it hnB vastly improved tho ajiricnltural status of tho island An eminent authority Sir ,1. W. Dawson, KUS. C.M.s proved this to tioof tho ;>reatost value. (2) jPeo^an 1 marfh niud&td tuawp soil. 'Ihfs** aflord organic matteis tothe runout soil, at a very cheap rate. (8) ticaweed, which can be obtained in large quantitie.s on many parts of tlie shores, and is of great nianurial value, whotlier Iresh or oom- pofcted. (4) Fish <}(f'ul. Ihe hea^is and tones of cod are ii>ore especially of much practical importance, (5) Liinesione. The brown earthy ii'iiestones of the Island aio of nnich value in atl'ording a sujiply of this material, as well as small quantities of j)ho.«|)hatea and alkalies. Where manures require to be purchased from abroad, those tliat will be found to produce the greatest effects are those capable of allording phosphates and alkalies, more especiHlly bone eaith, super- pbospliates of limo and guano j but when fish otial and seaweed can bo procured in <4iittl('i<>nt <|nivtititv, or whoti goo>l ilremittKit of the oy«lor dppOKit nr* k|i|>lin!if>>l willi, nt IomI lor nmny yi'ui.^.'' Ot titiit it ]'ror<'-!«nr Slii Mon HpnukM Ai t'ollowt : " I'lic hltitxl ii.tKNt'xMCii onry valtiiihlit. I nd'or now toitn thick h-'ilnol '' iuiimaI mud " or " oy-tor luuil " whioh ire found iii nil hnys and iivor inoiithn. I h« (iupoNit, whi< h JH (Uiiiiiuonly inuny ffe* thick, oonniittM of tlio orgiinK KMiiairiM ot C'lunth'M)* ;i;»'ii»»mtU)rM of oyntors, iriUH<<<*iH, iiluius. mid othor hi VHlv«»h 'f thitoct^An, mid ol iTUKtii<'«>oii» iiiuiiiaiM ^)>noi«ily. 'Ihi> «h«'ilH nn* nt'iiernllv nmi« or I«m intact, (>Mibcd in ii dciiHi< dciioitit ot mud like stiill, tvhitdi Ih louiid to )»■ » roitiH«'r of tiiifruiar Tidiio and potonry. TJU' >ii[)piy ol il i.s naid to ho ulrnoat int*xhiiiiHtil>lo, uit 1 it iM imirod a uli'l<^ nl wcmIiIi to th< idliind. A^o(xl d^•^^^ln^ of it roHtoriiH fertility in a Htrikin^ rimniioi '<< thti poorest Moi In — clover grown after it quit<" lu xiirK'unly, and, hm it wtTf, itidi;;«>iiou.sly — hv itii aid houvy crop' of ♦ uniips .1(1(1 potHtoci^ aro r.iisfd, niid, iiid«'«« re>;ard« tl an a manure of great vuluo, iitnl iippiical'lo to ;iuy kind ol crop. Nor in it soon cxhauNtml, for til" shells in it decay yeni hy yenr, throwiiu; oil'a littn of ferlili/inu matter." (^)f late coimi !'T;ihlt( ini|iiovcmpnl h.is l^een n\adein r lisinj' farm »tock. Tho Ifomett of the iNland enjoy a hi|.dt ri*]iutatinn, much ^itteiition having hceii bewtoweil on their hreeding. Owing to early (iov^rninont iriipoi tntion- of thorou>;M>red nnd cait stallionn, which have, mcie icently, hoen followed hy many private importatioiifi, tim horsen of I'rinct" , -ml Island are now regarded as among the b' st in America, and command it ad,» lo at good piiccf. L'ly les dales, Shire liorsen, IVrcherona and Standard hied 'liottors are tliobieedn gonor- ally rui.sed. Kor Kheep alno the Island is i cpecift'iy .snitcd, the 'imlton bein;.' of u very fine tiavoiii, and ilie exjiortof clicep M > lamL to th< i.mr provinces and tho I'liited States i.s jiHsuming ver> hii';;e pi wt-oition". Tl..- Shrojshire Downs, Leice^^ers and (/'otswolds are favourite ))reod8. " e increased piantity and g ,j»> I r tjuality of the fiidder OMuned by the aiarticularly, the Island appears to b«' well adapted, for the soil i^ light, dry, and sound, growing a thickset, tender, and niJtritiou.s herijiige. .Tor cattle, ioo, it is suitable, though, perhajis, less so tlrin for i«heep " For horses the Island has been famous for a long time, ami American buyers j>ick up most of those tlieic are for iale It is not improbable, in fact, thai, taking tliem for all in all, the horse.s of the Island are superior to those, of any other province , it seems to be, in a sense, the Araiii.i of Canada. The sheep, a>i a rule, are I'aiily g'^od, but open to improvement.' The following table sliovvs tho principal farm j>roductions of 1880, comparml >yith those of lc>70, aa extracted from the consus : — Artlcleii BuBhelB Wheat .. OatB Barley Buckwheat Peas and Beans Potatoes Turnips Other roots Timothy and Clover Seed Tons of Hay Lbs. " Butter " Cheese " Maple Sugar •• Tobacco •« Hops " Wool Yards home-made Cloth " " Linen Bus. Apples, Orapes, &c II u u II « 11 1( <( u « (I l( 1871. 269,392 3,120,576 176,441 75,109 1,325 3,375,726 395,358 mi. InereaM. t DeoniaM. 11.864 68,349 981,939 155,223 428,313 546,986 3,538.219 119,368 90,458 3,169 6,042,191 1,198,407 42,672 15,247 143,791 1,688,690 196,273 25,098 1,367 10.209 552,083 514,682 30.088 34,843 MM. I 277,594 418,36? '"Y5,S49 1.844 2,666,465 803,049 "57,673 3,383 75,442 703,751 41,050 86 369 ""!".!!!i'::.".v.:.. ^ We may here give another extract from the census of 1881 which containa Interesting statistics : — Number of owners of land 1 6,663 « It occupiers of land 1 3,629 acres of land occupied 1,126,653 " improved 596,731 Horses owned 31,335 «« Homed cattle owned 90,722 " bheepowned 166,496 " Pwine owned 40,181 " Vessels owned 267 " Tanneries 36 «' Curding Mills..— , 25 " Grist and saw mills 280 '» Limekilns 176 " Cloth factories 9 •• Printing oiBces 12 Shipvards 20 On comparing these, and other returns from the Island, with those from the remainder of the Dominion, (omitting of course the North- West Territories) we gather the following .- — One-half of the area of Prince Edward Island is cultivated. Only one twenty-fifth of the other Provinces is cultivated. Prince Edward Island has a population of 51 to the square mile. The other Provinces only 4'72* Prince Edward Island owns 55 animals of live stock for every 100 acres of improved land. The other Provinces only 3H. In jSeld products, Prince Edward Island raises, to the acre of improved land, 108 1 bushels. The other Provinces cily 61 |t bushels. From the Fisheries Prince Edward Island produces $17.08, per head, value. t^ The other Provinces $3.55. Exbibitionu of live stock, farm, garden and dairy products, and manufactures, are, and have been, for a number of years, of annual occurrence. Great public interest is taken in these shows, and thQ.Pvovincial Exhibition, held in Charlotte- town, although only supported by > wlikW public grant, is, from an agricultural point of view superior to any unr. ^al Show of the kind in Eastern Canada. FISHERIES. Prince Edward Island i., \>itIiout doubt, the best fishing station in the Qulf of St. Lawrence, but th«^ )^. bits and feelings of the inhabitants are 80 decidedly agricultural, that the fiai:>iries have not received from them the attention which they deserve. Tboy consist chiefly of mackerel, lobsters, herring, cod, hake and oysters, while salmon, bass, bhad, halibut and trout, are caught in limited quanti- ties. Their value may be appreciated hom the fact that, during 1882, there were taken from the sea \C),Q0O,UOO lbs. weight of fish food, and 107,250 lbs. from the running waters, besides 5,500,O(JO of eiiible fish used as bait. In other words, there were taken, at the lowest calculation, for food 8, 366,f)0 2,100,00 5So,m J 2,00 4,511,70 4,446,00 9,039,00 45,00 99,375,00 434,013,60 12,348,00 7,498,.50 3,315,(K) 5,000,00 $1^141,991.40 The oyster fishery of the Island is extensive and annually increasing, and though many of the shells seem very coarse and heavy, to any one accustomed to the "London Natives," yet the coarseness is all on the outside, and no more 10 delicate monol can be extracted from those celebrated bivalves, than from those of our own native growth, of 1880 with those of 1870 'J'he following Census statisticH compare the fisheries I 1870, Vessels and boats employed Men do Quintals of cod, haddock, hake and pollock caught Barrels of herring and gasperaux Barrels of mackerel Barrels of other tibh Barrels of oysters Lbs. of canned lobsters 1.183 J,, to 1 .'),64'.» 16,831 10,047 0,711 1880. 2,729 5,792 20,;^H2 22,4r;7 91.7^2 706 175,408 3,275,310 Increase. 1,540 4,140 10,743 5,626 75,745 3,268,005 It will be seen by comparing the above table with that from the F'iaheries Report, 1886, th^t 1880 was a very exceptional year with regard to mackerel, and it may as well be observed with regard to oysters, that, while tlie Fishery table quoted gives the quantity shipped, thi^, fr.Mu tlio Census, gives the quantity caught, thus including those lor home consumption. Apart, altogether, Irora their direct value, fiaancially and industrially, to the province itself,tho Island waters arc of immense importance, far transcending their mere extent. The mackerel fisheries, in what is known as the North Bay of the Island, are considered, by competent authorities, worth more than those on all the other Eastern coasts of the Dominion put together. EXPORTS. The volume of exports from the Province is very large, and few, even of the residents of the Island, are aware of the quantities of products annually shipped toother countriep, and of the sum of money returned to the people therefor. The following table, which has been compiled from the Customs entries, show their value for the year ended 30th September, 1883, to have been about three millions of dollars, more than double that of the year 1871 : — COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF TBE VALUB OF THE EXPORTS OF THE PRODUCTS OP PRINCB F.UWAUD ISLAND FOR TUB YEARS KXDBD RESPICTIVBLY, 31ST DECEMBER, 1871, AND 30t.U SEPTiSMBBR, 1883. 1871. ARTFOLKS. QUANTITIES. Oats '1,229,174 bush's. Barley . Wheat Flour and Meal . . . Potatoes Turnips Other Vegetables . Starch Hay , 28,030 31 355,048 25,870 II i<8S tons VALUE. 1882--3. QUANTITIES. 511,635 1, .52.5,000 bush's. 18,605 ,11, OU) •' '55 9,900 Oatmeal 99,S44 4,560 277 5,392 1,345,000 33,000 2,140,000 lbs. 380 tons. VALUE. $ 610,000 8,000 1,.500 336,500 (•),6U0 5,400 64,500 6,500 n Ai.rici.fj.s. Seed Poik Beef and Mutton Preserved Meat r^rd and 1 allow Preserved Kinli Mackerel Oysters , . . . Dried Finli Other Fish Fish Oil Poultry Eggs..' Butter Cheese Horse.H Cattle Sheep ... . . . Swine ... ; Hides and Miins. . , Leather Wool Woollen Cloth Lumber an1 Il>8. (J6 lbs. 40,740 Ibe. 5,3o4 11,770 147,0S5 ll'.e*'.; 57,181 25,03'J ?,061 1,410 S8,313 V2 ?.0,;".3() 12 ,21 17,200 1,1 Oj 11,700 1,000 13,120 586 915 2 10, WD 1,587 $1,478,045 18,110 bbls. 8l,v35 1bs. 97,225 lbs. 1 ,53(i 1,77C. I2,53'.t lfc(t 57,295 11.3. 2,000 272 500 10,500 104,0(K) 17,000 470,000 20<»,U0O 30,000 17,0 12..^(K) 12,(HIU IO,(K)0 2,000 128,0,000 Value of products $3,500,000 In 1882 two cheese factories were put into operation, and one creamery, for the manufacture of butter and cheese. The production of that year was about 2,000 boxes of cheese, va'.ueil at |il:',OL«», or £2,40J stg. Now the number of 12 chet^se factories liiw inoreaHotl to four, and the owners f xpo(!t to place in the market about 5,000 boxen. The quality is pronounced excellent, and it meets with a rea;)U or £18,000 sterling. In addition to the above, there are three large machine shops, with accom- panying foundries, a smaller for repairing guns, sewing machines, Ac, and for ele^^troplatinfr ; several furniture and tobacco futorics, two high class cloth factories of considerable capacity, a boot and shoe Caclory, steam biscuit factory, three largo woodworking factories, and numerous otht^r minor industries, all in full employment, while a "roller process " Hour mill with a capacity of SO t)arrele per day is in course of completion EDUOATION. Tho a Iministration of the educational interests of the Province i* vested in a Board of Education, a Chief iSiiperintendent and Inspectors. Each District has a local Board of Trustees, elected annually by the ratepayers. Jiy the roport of the Superintendent for 188(), it appears that there were then 437 pub'ic schools compri.sing .'iO'J departments, 4'JS oi which were in full operation. These are divided into three classes, Primary, Advanced, Graded, and Ifigh Schools. The salaries of the tieachers are paid from the Provincial Treasjry, but may be supplemented by local assessment, in which case the Treasury ))ay8 a further equal amount. The Government subsidy varies, according to grade, from f 180 to f4.')0 for uivile teachers, and from $130 to $580 for female teachers. The amount paid for Kduoution, by the Government alono, for the year 1886, was $11 1,992 21, over £23,000 sterling, or about 44 8 ))er cent, of the average revenue, while the supplements .to. paid locally amounted to $,'!''),780,75. A special report of the Chief Superintendent states the following : — " Up to 1852, the Schools of this Province were mainly s'lpported by volun- tary subscriptions, and such lo(>al etlorls as ciuld be secured by m itual cooper- ation. In 1852, the PVee Education Act was passed, under which the salaries of Teachers were paid almost entirely fro.ii the Provincial Treasury. The stimuhn thus given to education resuUed in the establishment of the Provincial Normal Sohool in I85C, and of the Prince of Wales' College in 1860. From I860 until 1877, very little was etlected in the way of legislation for the improvement of th« schools, although the admiulatration Avas very elTective during that period. In 1877 the Public Schools' Act was passed, which provided for the establishment of a Department of Education, and intro luced into our Public School system many of the most approved principles and most modern methods of other countries. In 1S79 the Coll<^ge and Normal School were amalgamated, and ladies were admitted for the first time into the former institution. Many improvements in the administration of the educational affiirs of the Island, tor the advancement and encouragement of the teachers, and for the grading of the different schools, have been introduced since 1879, and are now beginning to be in effective operation. The effects of the different changes and legislative enactments will best be represented by giving the statistics for each decade since 1841 : — Population Schools. Pupils. of Province. 1841 121 4,350 47,0 ;4 1851 1<5 5,360 00,457 1852 Free Education Act })as8ed. 1850 Normal School established. 1860 Prince of Wales' College opened. 13 PchcolB. rupil«. Population of Province. IM'.I 302 12,102 Hl.iHM) 1871 381 15,795 '.'4,021 iH77 Public F(^hool8' Act passed. 1S7'J College opened to ladies. 1x79 College aiui Normal School, amalgamated. Scliools. PupilH. Population of Province. IS81.... 486 21,()01 10S/.»81 Ir will be observed from the statiBtics here given, that during the period previous to the introduction of the Free Rilucatinn Act not more tlmn one in twelve of the population attended .school. Kroni the period l)et\veen the Casing of the Free Education Act, 1852. and tho etinctnien'. of Public School W8 of 1877, the attendance was one in (J of the population. Under the Public Schoola' Act of 1877 and its auioulraents, the attendance was one hi five." In the abovi Htatoment the departments are counted as st'parato school.s. The Prince of Wales' College, which includes the Normal School is situated in Charlottetown, and itsstati consists of a Principal and 3 Professors. Attached to it as an adjunct to the Normal Department is the Model School with two 'I'eaciiers. In addition to these public sources of EduciiMon, there arc, in connection with the Komun Catholic Church, Saint Dunstan b College in thi> vicinity of Charlotte- town, two Convent schools within the city, and eeveral others located in various parts of the It-land, In all these, both boarders and day scholars are received. St. Peter's school in connection with the English church of that name, also gives means of tuition to children whose parents are willing to pay for the samt;. ■ , CHARLOrrETOWN. Charlottetown, the seat of Oovernment,i8 pleasantly situated upon a point of ground, at the confluence of the York, Elliott and Hillsborough rivers It con- tains about 13,nCM) inhabitants, and is well laid out with wide streets, which intersect at right angles. Its affairs are managed by a corporation, consisting of a Mayor and ten Councillors. The haibouris large, deep and well sheltered, and is said by Admiral Bayfield fa standanl authority) to be, in every respect, ono of the finest harbours in the world. It is the principal port of shipment, and has a very thriving trade. Many improvements have been made in the city in recent years ; originally built of wood, it has suftored, like all such, from numerous tires, ^ome ofc.on- eiderable extent. As a result of these, most of the business prenilM-.s destroyed have been rebuilt in brick, and in a style of architecture that would be creditabK^ in more pretentious places. The city has hitherto depended on limited sources within its own liorders for its water supply, but water works are in immediate contemplation and the recent discovery, by boring, of a copious supply of excellent quality, within three miles, gives encouragement to their construction during the ensuing year. Handsome private residences liave been and are being erected in various locations in and about the city, some few of brick but the great majority of wood. A large hotel has recently been completed in addition to those already in existence. There are two hospitals, the Charlottetown hospital, in charge of the Sisters of Charity, and the Prince Edward Island hospital, managed by a general board of directors. The shops in the city arc generally handsome and commodious, and ample, well assorted stocks will be found in nearly all of them, and owing to small taxa tion and low rates, prices are generally very rea.sonable. Gas is supplied by a company where required, but the sti'eets and many of the principal stores are lighted by electricity. The Merchants Bank of Prince Edward Island has its ofhce on Water street, and agencies of the Merchants Bank of Halifax ami Bank of Nova Scotia have been for some time in operation . :^ f S'otjiety, wlipre pt-r II HUiuuiur unci fall, 14 A luanch of tlio Youn;; Mon's Christian AsiOciation lias existiMl horo for tlio liwt tfiiity years. It has a wt-li mipplioiJ reading room. iSoverul teinpiratirc aii;iatiorM are rcpn-Hented bf)tli in tin- » ity amlovrtr tli«» Uland. 'Ihe U'^icvolent l^i^.ll Hdciety, the ('aledoniaii Club, KoroBters, Masons, <.)ddfellowi<, Society of St. Vincent do I'aii! and other le^tH foruial ehiritahle afsocia- tions are 'aiiizitioiiH in othoi parH of the country . '{'here iaaMmall theatre owned by the Benevolent Irmli formaiii-es are j^iven oe.'asionally by travelling companies, and by the Drauiatio (-'iub o' tlie Society in tlie winter. ('oncertH, vocal and instrumental, either by one or other, or a co.nbination of two or more ol'tb'i Amateur Musical ('lutis and ChoirH, or by jfoo I profoBsionals (combining the pleaHiiro of a suiunu-r trip with enough work to pay expenses), BaaaarH, I'ublic Teas, Church and other SooiaLs, Lectures, ito , ifec, meet a wide range of tastes in the way of sojial and lit'jrary amusements. Queen's Scpiarw, tho large public Hquaro siurrounding the Dominion and Provincial buildings, has, within the hat few years, been laid out with hard, smooth paths and well trimmed grassy lawns, planted with trees, and orabellish ed with numerous beds of llowers and toliago plants, which, during the season, show a marvellous luxuriance o( growth. There is also a Public Park, containing about forty-six acres, to the west of the city which, besides a number of drives giving varied views of the city and harUiur, furnishes the Military Parale Ground, Football Grounds, an excellent Cricket Field, several Lawn leunis Courts, gool picnic places amoiig the trees, and, for winter ninusenient, a lofty Toboggan Slide, arranged to connect with the harbour ice when foimi^d. Though the winter may seem pretty long, yet the much larger proportion of bright, sunny weather which distinguishes it from the same season in Britain, gives a greater /.est to outtloor exeroises, and to tho various amnsomentfl popular on ibis Bide the Atlantic. Resides the tobo^anniug previously referred to, Skatini? and Curling, either in the rinks, or on the ponds, or harbour ic hiipiilicn, and o«'t uhiomiliy for ulu'lter. Kor this Inltoi purjiose it ia th«< only liaihour uvailaMc on u long Btre tfh ot rofiht, iinl iMoi tx mio bring nuide tn (|e«»'jten tin' ( linnn*'! over lui bar to adfipt it lor hirgcr vc-seis which unptovouH-nt itw tnulo dcHcrvt's and ri (juiroH. J'h*' vilhigi' is dry, airy and healthy, and is IriMjUfntrd by qnito a nnniWr of funiuiiM- viHitofH. OEl^ROETOWN. Georgfttown, the chief tov\n of King's County, .'!i> niilp« •^ast of C'harlettown, is situat«!d on a loiiir pniniontory loinit.'ii.l trade and the Ixauty of its harbour and Hitiintion, itn Kouting and batliing t'acili- ticH, and many other ndvantagen, must bring it into prominent notico aa a very deairable location for cither jieruiancnt or Hiunujei rosidenoe. SOI'RIS. SouiiK,lhf eastern tenuiiuis of the railway, M raile> eaftt of Charlettown, is the outlet for the exports of a largo portion ot Kings County. Ft also pos.seBHes a tine harbour, which has, of late, been considerably improved, and the volume of shipping trade is large and increasing. It ih beautifully eituated and is also an inviting .siiramer resort. Other villages there are, such tion,) at very moderate rates. Sportsmen have ample oj)portunity for indulging their passion ; the rivers teem with trout, while very many enjoy going out in the bays with the boats mackerel hshing. (iame tliere is also in abundance, such as wild geese, brant, du k, partridge, plover, wood cock, snipe, hares, &c. To families and others ot comparatively limited means, the Island offers u haven of rest from many troubles, as, owing to moderate house rents, ranging in Charlottetown from $80 to $150 or £10 to £60 sterling, the low cost of provisions, fuel, iScc, and the moderate style of living which obtains here, an amount of comfort, enjoyment, and freedom from petty cares, can be gained from an income of, say, £250 to £300 sterling a year, impossible in Britain. Of course a I 16 Urg«r income wouM jtintify k««ping horneit, oarringes, &,<)., thougli many rMidenU. by careful ia;iriiigem«nt, enjoy that luxury on no more than thn above stated amounts. A fair iiloa of thfl retail market prices of a number nf artioloa of ordinary n8umption ami uho will be gained from the following list : — A IITIOLES. Beef, small per lb " quarter " Mutton " Lamb " Pork, small '• " carcase " Turkeys, each Oeese, " Ducks, " Fowls, " .... Chickens, per pair Butter, fresh per lb. " salt «' Eggs, per dozen Flour (Island) per 100 lbs. " 1 niported per brl. of 1 96 lbs. Wheaten bread per. lb Oatmeal per JUt) lbs. Hay per 100 lbs. Tea per lb Coffee «' Sugar " " (white redned) " Molasses per gall. Rice per lb Pearl barley " Tobacco " Vinegar (pure) per gall Coal, per ton of 2,000 lbs, Grey Cottons per yard, White " •' Tweed, (Scotch) •' " (Canadian) " Horsea 03W8 Sheep i)OU.A.M. .^cts. to 12 OtH. 4 •< 9 <' 5 " 9 " r. '< 8 " 10 " 12 " fl " H " $0.75 to $1.25 40 cts. to m uts. 30 " 40 " 20 " 2.> " 30 " r,o 'I 18 " 25 " 16 " 25 " 10 " 25 " $2.50 to$;ilM) $5.00 to $6.00 'i cts. $2.25 to $iM> 40 cts. to 60 cts. 25 '< 40 " 35 «' 50 " 6 " 8 " 8 " 10 " 40 " 50 " 4 " 4 " 32 cts. upwards 60 cts. $2.60 to $3-80 3 cts. to 10 cts. 4 cts. to 28 cts. $1.00to$3.lM) 40 cts. to $ I.. 50 $60. to $-50. $20. to $50. $3,25. STRBLIN'a. 2Ad. to 6d. 2d. to 4, Id. 2^1- to 4k. 2id. to 4il. .5d. to 6<1. 3d. to 4d. 3s. Id. to 5s- 2d. Is. 8d. to2s. 6d. Is. 3d. to Is. 8d. lOd. to Is. Is. 3d. to 2s. Id* 9d. to 1». 8d' to la. .5d. to Is. 10«. to I2g. 6d. £1 to £148. 2d. Ud. 9s. 2d. to lOs. 2d. Is. 8d. to 28. 6d. Is. to Is. 8d. Is. 6d. to 2s. Id. 3d. to 4d4 4d. to 5d. Is. 8d. to 28. Id. 2d. 2d. Is. 4d. upwards. 28- Id. lOs. lOd. tol5s]0d. 1 ^d to .5d. 2d. to )b. 2d. 48. 2d. tol28. 6ti. Is. 8d. to 6s. 3d. £12.K)«.to£5J.108. £4. to £10. 13p. 6d. Being of such limited area, and its inhabitants ho much devoted to domestic pursuits, it is not surprising that but little is known abroad, and in Britain in particular, regarding Prince Edward Island. Uowever its fame, at least on this side the Atlantic, is increasing, and, now, instead of being characterised, as it wati in the latter part of last century, by a very prejudiced English writer, who had never seen it, as a " rascally heap of sand, rock and swamp, occupied only as a military statiou, and producing nothing but potatoes," the Island has been aptly termed and is admitted to be *' The Garden of British North America.'' »d 3.