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His Majesty has been pleased to command, that, with a view of doing the fullest justice to Regi- ments, as well as to Individuals who have distin- guished themselves by their Bravery in Action with the Enemy, an Account of the Services of every Regiment in the British Army shall be published under the superintendence and direction of the Adjutant-General; and that this Account shall con- tain the following particulars, viz., The Period and Circumstances of the Ori- ginal Formation of the Regiment; The Stations at which it has been from time to time employed ; The Battles, Sieges, and other ISlilitary Operations, in which it has been engaged, particularly specifying any Achievement it may have performed, and the Colours, Trophies, &c., it may have captured from the Enemy. The Names of the Officers and the number of Non-Commissioned Officers and Privates, Killed or Wounded by the Enemy, specifying the Place and Date of the Action. i IV GENERAL ORDERS. The Names of those Officers, who, in con- sideration of their Gallant Services and ISIeritorioiis Conduct in Engagements with the Enemy, have been distinguished with Titles, Medals, or other Marks of His Majesty's gracious favour. The Names of all such Officers, Non-Com- missioned Officers and Privates as may have specially signalized themselves in Action. And, The Badges and Devices which the Regiment may have been permitted to bear, and the Causes on account of which such Badges or Devices, or any other Marks of Distinction, have been granted. By Command of the Right Honourable GENERAL LORD HILL, Commanding-in-Chief, John Macdonald, A djutant' General. P 11 E F A C E. Tub character and credit of the British Army must chiefly depend upon the zeal and ardour, by which all who enter into its service are animated, and consequently it is of the highest importance that any measure calculated to excite the spirit of emulation, by which alone great and gallant actions are achieved, should be adopted. Nothing can more fully tend to the accomplishment of this desirable object, than a full display of the noble deeds with which the Military History of our country abounds. To hold forth these bright examples to the imitation of the youthful soldier, and thus to incite him to emulate the meritorious conduct of those who have preceded him in their honourable career, are among the motives that have given rise to the present publication. The operations of the British Troops are, indeed, an- nounced in the " London Gazette," from whence they are transferred into the public prints : the achievements of our armies are thus made known at thb time of their occurrence, and receive the tribute of praise and admiration to which they are entitled. On extraordinary occasions, the Houses of Parliament have been in the habit of conferring on the Commanders, and the Officers and Troops acting under vl PREFACE. their orders, expressions of approbation and of thanks for their skill and bravery, and these testimonials, confirmed by the high honour of their Sovereign's Approbation, constitute the reward which the suldier most highly prizes. It has not, however, until late years, l)een the practice (which appears to have long prevailed in some of the Con- tinental armies) for British llegiments to keep regular records of their services and achievements. Hence some difficulty has been experienced in obtaining, particularly from the old Regiments, an authentic account of their origin and subsequent services. This defect will now be remedied, in consequence of His Majesty having been pleased to command, that every Regi- ment shall in future keep a full and ample record of its services at home and abroad. From the materials thus collected, the country will henceforth derive information as to the difficulties and privations which chequer the career of those who embrace the military profession. In Great Britain, where so large a number of persons are devoted to the active concerns of agriculture, manufactures, and commerce, and where these pursuits have, for so long a period, been undisturbed by the presence of ivar, which few other countries have escaped, comparatively little is known of the vicissitudes of active service, and of the casualties of climate, to which, even during peace, the British Troops are exposed in every part of the globe, with little or no interval of repose. In their tranquil enjoyment of the blessings which the PREFACE. vii Ciiuntry derives from the industry and the enterpriic of the Agriculturist nnd the trader, its happy inhahitants may be supposed not often to reflect on tlie perilous duties of the soldier nnd the sailor, — on their sufferings, — and on the sacrifice of valuable life, by which so many national benefits are obtained nnd preserved. The conduct of the British Troops, their valour, and endurance, have shone conspicuously under great and trying difficulties ; and their character has been established in Con- tinental warfare by the irresistible spirit with which they have effected debarkations in spite of the most formidable opposition, and by the gallantry and steadiness with which they have maintained their advantages against superior numbers. In the official Reports made by the respective Com- manders, ample justice has generally been done to the gallant exertions of the Corps employed; but the details of their services, and of acts of individual bravery, can only be fully given in the Annals of the various Regiments. These Records are now preparing for publication, under His Majesty's special authority, by Mr. Richard Cannox, Principal Clerk of the Adjutant-General's Office; and while the perusal of them cannot fail to be useful and interesting to military men of every rank, it is considered that they will also afford entertainment and information to the general reader, particularly to those who may have served in the Army, or who have relatives in the Service. There exists in the breasts of most of those who have f viii PREFACE. served, or are serving, in the Army, an Etprit de Corps — an attachment to every thing belonging to their Regiment ; to such persons a narrative of the services of their own Corps cannot fail to prove interesting. Authentic accounts of the actions of the great, — the valiant, — the loyal, have always been of paramount interest with a brave and civilized people. Great Britain has produced a race of heroes who, in mo- ments of danger and terror, have stood, " firm as the rocks of their native shore ;" and when half the World has been arrayed against them, they have fought the battles of their Country with unshaken fortitude. It is presumed that a record of achievements in war, — victories so complete and surprising, gained by our countrymen, — our brothers,—- our fellow-citizens in arms, — a record which revives the memory of the brave, and brings their gallant deeds before us, will certainly prove acceptable to the public. Biographical memoirs of the Colonels and other distin- guished O^icers, will be introduced in the Records of their respective Regiments, and the Honorary Distinctions which have, from time to time, been conferred upon each Regi- ment, as testifying the value and importance of its services, will be faithfully set forth. As a convenient mode of Publication, the Record of each Regiment will be printed in a distinct number, so that when the whole shall be completed, the Parts may be bound up in numerical succession. HISTORICAL RECORD or THE SIXTY-FIRST, OR, THK SOUTH GLOUCESTERSHIRE REGIMENT Of FOOT: CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OF THE FORMATION OF THE REGIMENT IN 1768, AND OP ITS SUBSEQUENT SERVICES TO 18 4 4. ILLUSTRATED WITH A PLATE OF THE COLOURS AND UNIFORM. LONDON: PARKER, FURNIVALL, AND PARKER, MILITARY LIBRARY, WHITEHALL. M.I)CCC.X1.1V. LONDON: ITARni!)ON AND CO., PRINTRRS, < "EGYPT," WITH THE sphinx: ALSO THE WORDS "TALAVERA," "SALAMANCA," "PYRENEES," « NIVELLE," " NIVE," " ORTHES," " TOULOUSE," « PENINSULA," TO COMMEMORATE ITS HEROIC CONDUCT IN THESE ACTIONS. THE FLANK COMPANIES ALSO BEAR ON THEIR APPOINTMENTS THE WORD "MAI DA," IN TESTIMONY OF THEIR DISTINGUISHED GALLANTRY AT THE BATTLE OF MAI DA ON THE 4th OF JULY, 1806. CONTENTS. Year 1 758 Formation of the Regiment Names of Officers .... . Embarks for the West Indies 1 759 Capture of Guadaloupe . . . • 1760 Returns to England .... 1763 Proceeds to Ireland .... 1771 Stationed at Minorca .... 1782 Returns to England .... Styled the South Gloucestershire Regiment 1783 Proceeds to Ireland .... 1792 Embarks for Gibraltar 1794 Proceeds to the West Indies . . . . 1795 Attack on St. Lucia 1796 Returns to England .... 1797 Proceeds to Guernsey 1798 Embarks for the Cape of Good Hope 1801 Expedition to Egypt 1803 Embarks for Malta .... A Second Battalion added to the establishment 1804 Second Battalion proceeds to Guernsey . 1805 First Battalion proceeds to Italy 1806 Second Battalion proceeds to Ireland ——> Battle of Maida Page . 10 . 11 12 15 16 . 17 18 19 20 . 21 Vi CONTENTS. Year Png* 1807 Second Battalion returns to England . . '22 First Battalion proceeds to Gibraltar . . .23 1809 Portugal . . — Battle of Talavera 1810 Second Battalion proceeds to Ireland Battle of Busaco 181 1 Blockade of the Fortress of Almeida 1812 Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo . the Forts of San Vincente, St. Cajetano, and La Merced . Battle of Salamanca . Siege of Burgos Castle . 1813 Battle of the Pyrenees Passage of the Nivelle — — ^— Nive . 1814 Blockade of Bayonne Battle of Orthes ■ Toulouse • Embarks for Ireland . Second Battalion disbanded 1816 Proceeds to England . Embarks for Jamaica 1822 Returns to England . 1 824 Proceeds to Ireland 1828 Embarks for Ceylon . 1 840 Returns to England 1843 Proceeds to Ireland . Conclusion . . • . 25 27 28 29 33 35 37 39 40 41 45 46 47 49 52 i CONTEXTS. Vil SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. Year 1758 Granville Elliott . . . • 1759 George Gray . • • • • 1768 John Gore . . . • • 1773 John Barlow 1778 Staates Long Morriss . . • • 1800 Sir George Hewett, Bart., G.C.B. . 1840 Sir John Gardiner, K.C.B. 1844 Sir Jeremiah Dickson, K.C.B. Page . 55 . 66 . 57 . 58 APPENDIX. 1801 Lieut-Colonel Barlow's Journal of the March of a Detachment from Cosseir to Kene 59 1809 to 1814 .Casualties during the Peninsular War 67 PLA.TE. Colours, and Present Costume, to face page 9. :^l BIXTT-FIR8T (TEH SOOTH OLOUCE8TEH3H1RE) HFOIMENT OF FOOT, //: / a ^ HIXTV tlKST ,Tnii SOUTH OLODCESTERSHHiF, REumENT OF FOOT. [I'll fwc ItllJ' I HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE SIXTY-FIRST, OR J'llK SOUTH GLOUCESTERSHIRE REGIMENT o» FOOT. i»i!^) the second battalion of 1758 the Buffs was constituted the *' Sixty-first Regi- ment/' under the command of Major-Qeneral Gran- ville Elliott, from the Austrian service, by commis- sion dated the 21st of April; the lieut.-colonelcy was conferred on Major John Barlow, of the Buffs, and the majority on Captain Christopher Teesdalc, senior captain of the Buffs. The Regiment, being thus formed from the Third Foot, was permitted to assume the Buff facing. After its formation, the regiment was encamped at Chatham, with the Thirty-seventh and Sixty-fifth, under Major-General the Earl of Panmure. The following officers were holding commissions in the regiment : — Colonel, Majob-Genekal Granville Elliott. Lieut.-Colouel, John Barlow. Major, Christopheii Teesdale. James Patterson A. Singleton Thomas Hardcastle M. Brabazon John Acklom W. Peyton John Rowland John Waugh John Read N. Doolan Captains. Roger Crowle William Buckley John Barford Lieutenant!. Peter Maturiu S. Pearce John Poole William Wilson F. Blomberg A. Leishman Ensigns. John Keir Edward Crowe Samuel Homer Captain-Lieutenant. William Gunning. D. Gilchrist Thomas Brown G. V. Clietwode. R. Beatson R. KeUy J. Badger James Savage John Arbuthnot. John Skinner John Ireland Jarvis Palmer Chaplain, George Shaw; Adjutant, Wil'iam Gunning; Surgeon, Peter Johnston ; Quarter-Master, Samuel Grey. Towards the end of the year thr. regiment em- 1)arked for the West Indies, with the arriairient s'^nt TIIR HIM'Y-KIIINT FOOT. 11 againot tlic Frcndi WeMt Iiidiu IslaiuiH, under Major- 17''>H (Jenvral liupsun and Commodore Moore. On the IGth of January, 17^^) ' ^ troops landed l7r> embarked from Eg5'pt for the island of Malta, where it was stationed two years. Napoleon Bonaparte having assembled a numerous army at Boulogne, and made preparations for the inva- sion of England, the British military establishment was considerably augmented, and a second battalion was formed and added to the Sixty-first Regiment; it was composed of men raised in the counties of Durham and Northumberland, under the provisions of the Army of Reserve Act, passed in the summer of 1 803, and was placed on the establishment of the army on the 9th of July. THE SIXTY-FIUST FOOT. 19 The strength of the second battalion was aug- 1804 mented in 1804, with the men raised in the county of Northumberland under the provisions of the Additional Force Act, passed in July of that year. On the 10th of Octoljer the battalion embarked from Ramsgate for the Island of Guernsey, where it was stationed during the foUowiiig year. While the first battalion was at Malta, Bonaparte 1805 was elevated to the dignity of Emperor of France and King of Italy, and in 1805 he marched his armies into Germany to crush the combination forming against his interests. At this memorable period the regiment embarked from Malta, and sailed for Italy with the force under Lieut.-General Sir James Craig, designed to support the interests of the allies in that quarter. A treaty of neutrality had been concluded between France and Naples, by which Napoleon agreed to with- draw his troops from the Neapolitan territory, where they had been stationed since the commencement of the war with England; and the King of Naples was bound not to admit the fleet or armies of any state at war with France into his ports or territory. These articles were, however, violated; an English and Rus- sian armament appeared in the Bay of Naples in November, 1805, and the Sixty-pibst, and several other British regiments, landed at that city. This provoked the wrath of Napoleon; and the great suc- cess of the French arms in Germany having enabled their ambitious sovereign to assume the tone of a dictator, on the morning after the signature of the peace of Presburg, he issued a proclamation declaring, "The Neapolitan dynasty had ceased to reign," and denouncing vengeance against the family he had thus resolved to dethrone, in terms which left no hope of accommodation. 20 IIISTOP.ICAL RECORD OF Im 8 k 1805 The Russians withdrew from Naples; and the British, under Lieut.-General Sir James Craig, were too few in numbers to think of defending the king- dom against the powerful armies which Napoleon sent 1806 against that devoted country, in the early part of 1806, under Joseph Bonaparte. The Sixty-first embarked from Naples in January, 1806; the King and Queen quitted their capital, and proceeded to the island of Sicily, which was preserved in their intcicst by the British; the Sixty-first were landed at the city of Messina, on the north-east side of Sicily, and were stationed there several weeks. The Neapolitans abandoned their royal family to its fate, and submitted to the dictates of Napoleon, who Issued a decree conferring the crown of Naples on his brother Joseph: the city of Naples was illuminated, and the nobles were eager to shew their attachment to their new King. Insurrections occurred in several places; but the French arms were successful, and the provinces became tranquil. On the 26th of February the second battalion embarked from Guernsey for Ireland, and landed at Cork in March. It was important to England that Sicily should not fall under the dominion of France, and the restoration of Ferdinand IV. to the throne of Naples, Mas never lost sight of. Preparations being made on the oppo- site coast of Calabria, for the invasion of Sicily, Major- General Stuart, commanding the British troops in Sicily, formed the design of cutting off the French division under General Regnier: the flank companies of the Sixty-first* were formed in flank battalions, com- * The grenadier company of the Sixty-first was selected hy Major-General Stuart, for liis personal escort during the recouuois- sanccs which he made before the battle. THE SIXTY-FIRST FOOT. 21 manded by Lieut.-Colonel James Kempt and Lieut.- 1806 Colonel R. W. O'Callaghan, and being employed on this enterprise, they had the honor of distinguishing themselves at the battle of Maida, on the 4th of July. On this occasion the light battalion, commanded by Lieut.-Colonel James Kempt, of which the light company of the Sixty-first formed part, was directly opposed to the celebrated French regiment, Le I" Leger; the two corps fired a few rounds at about a hundred yards' distence, and then advancing simulta- neously to the charge, both preserved great steadiness until the bayonets began to cross, when British prowess proved victorious; the French faced about and fled; they were pursued, and great slaughter made with the bayonet. British valour was triumphant at every part of ihs field, and the boasted invincible legions of Napoleon were proved to be inferior to the English in close combat with the bayonet. The British minister at Palermo, writing to the Secretary of State, observed, — " The battle of Maida, "upon the 4th of July, will long be remembered in " this part of Europe, as a remarkable proof of the " superiority of British courage and discipline over an "arrogant and cruel enemy. Of the nine thousand "men whom General Regnier commanded in the "province of Calabria ulterior, not more than three " thousand are left to attempt their retreat towards " Apulia; the remainder are all either kL^ed, wounded, " or made prisoners. Every fort along the coast, — all the stores, ammunition, and artillery prepared for the attack upon Sicily, are become the prey of the vic- " tors; and what, perhaps, may be considered of still " more consequence than these advantages, an indelible *' impression is made ia this country of the superior " bravery and discipline of the British troops.' (t (C I >j 22 MISTORICAI. IlKCORO OP \ 180G In forwarding a vote of thanks to Major-General Stuart, and the troop under his orders, from the House of Lords, the Lord Chancellor stated, — " lle- " fleeting upon the disasters which have fallen upon ** powerful princes, and populous territories, under the " pressure of the vast armies of France, I recollect, " at the same time, that they were not defended by " British soldiers, and that, when the triumphal monu- " ments of Paris shall record the victories of Austerlitz " and Jena, it shall appear upon the less ostentations " journals of a British Parliament, that upon the plains " of Maida her choicest battalions fell beneath the " bayonets of half the number of our brave country- " men, under vour direction and that of the officers " who were your glorious companions." Major-General Stuart was rewarded with the dignity of a Knight of the Bath; and was created Count of Maida by the King of the Two Sicilies. Medals were given to commanding officers, — the first instance in the British army. The word " Maida," on the appoint- ments of the grenadiers and light infantry of the Sixty-first, commemorates the gallant conduct of the flank companies on this occasion. Shortly after the victory at Maida, the battalion companies of the Sixty-first quitted Messina, and proceeded to Scylla and Calabria. I8O7 The second battalion, after remaining in Ireland ten months, received orders to return to England ; it embarked from Dublin on the 4th of February, 1807, and landed at Liverpool two days afterwards. At this period the decrees of Napoleon, Emperor of France, for the annihilation of British commerce, were in operation, and the French emperor demanded that the court of Portugal should exclude British ship ping from their ports, and confiscate the property of British merchants. This being refused, a French army ;( .Ui THE SIXTY-FIRST FOOT. 2.] under MnrNhnlJunot, (afterwards Duke of Abrantes,) 1807 advanced to invade Portugal: when the Sixty-first Uegiincnt embarked from Sicily, with the troops under Major-Oeneral Moore, to aid the Portuguese; but arriving at Gibraltar in December, it was there ascer- tained that the royal family of Portugal had abandoned the country, and fled to the Brazils : under these cir- cumstances the regiment landed at Gibraltar, where it remained during the year 1808, receiving reinforce- 1808 ments from time to time from the second battalion, which was removed to Guernsey in the summer of this year. While the regiment was at Gibraltar, Portugal was delivered from the power of France by British skill and valour; but Spain was subject to the oppression of Napolcoi'j who had removed his brother Joseph from the tiirone of Naples, and caused him to be proclaimed King of Spain. In the summer of 1809, the regiment was ordered 1809 to proceed to Portugal, to take part in the attempt to deliver the Peninsula; it embarked from Gibraltar on the 9th of June, arrived at Lisbon in eleven days, and aiKancing up the country, joined the army commanded by Lieut.-General Sir Arthur Wellesley, at Oropesa, where ii was attached to Brigadier-General Cameron's brigade, in the first division, commanded by Major- General Sherbrooke. The regiment shared in the movements and priva- tions which preceded the battle of Talavera; and when the army formed in position, it was posted, with its division, in the front line, and near the centre of the British troops, with the light infantry among the underwood and trees in front of the line. On the evening of the 27th of July, the enemy made a deter- mined attack on the height on the left of the position, when the Sixty-first Regiment was moved to the n 94 IIIHTORICAL RRCORD OP ... f! i 1 1809 support of the troops nttnekcd, who repulsed their oppo- nents with the bayonet, and the regiment returned to its former post, having lost tliree men killed ; Major Robert John Coghlan, and three soldiers woundtd. Another attack on the left was repulsed early on the following morning, ' About mid-day on the 28th of July, the numerous artillery of the enemy opened a heavy fire, under the cover of which the columns of attack advanced against the British line. The French bullets smote the ranks of the Sixty-first with fatal eflfect, and one shell killed four grenadiers and wounded three others. The French battalions cleared the ravine, and ascended the position in full assurance of victory; but they were received with a general fire of all arms, and charged with bayonets with so much vigour, that they were speedily forced back : the Sixty-first closed on their adversaries with distinguished gallantry, and following up their first advantage, drove the French beyond the ravine. Having become broken by a rapid advance over rugged ground abounding with obstructions, the regiment re-formed its ranks under a heavy fire. The distinguished conduct of Corporal Rose, on this occa- sion, was rewarded with the rank of serjeant in the field, and a subsequent display of zeal for the service, procured him a commission. The French were repulsed at all points, and they retired during the night. Major Henry Francis Orpen, Captain Henry James, Lieutenant Daniel James Hemus, one drummer, and forty-two rank and file were killed; Captains Andrew Hartley, William Furnace, .Tames Laing, and David Goodman, Lieutenants Graves Collins, H. T. Tench, George McLean, and James Given, Ensign William Brackenbury, Adjutant Richard Drew, ten Serjeants, and one hundred and eighty-three rank and file wounded ; sixteen rank and file missing. 1^1 TIIK SIXTY-FIRST FOOT. M t I Licutcnnnt-Coloncl SauiidorH niul Major Co^hliui 180!) received gold medals ; and the royal authority was niven for the regiment to l)ear the word "Talaveka" on its colours, to commemorate its distinguished eon- duct on this occasion. At the battle of Talavera full proof was given of the qualities of British soldiers; but the superior numbers which the enemy was afterwards enabled to l)ring forward, prevented the victory being followed by ilccisive results, and retrograde movements became necessary. On the advance of the enemy, the Spa- niards abandoned Tulavero, and the wounded officers and soldiers of the Sixty-first fell into the hands of the French. During the retreat much suffering was endured from the want of provision, and while the army was in position on the Guadiana, a fever broke out which thinned the ranks. In the autumn the Sixty-first were gratified, amidst their sufferings and losses, by the arrival of Major Coghlan and Adjutant Drew, who had escaped from prison at Madrid. Three hundred men joined from the second batta- 1810 lion in February, 1810, and thus restored the regiment to its former numbers. In April the second battalion proceeded from Guernsey to Ireland. Continuing with the first division of the allied army, the regiment proceeded to the northern frontiers of Portugal to meet the French invading army, under Marshal Massena, who boasted that he would drive tlie English into the sea, and plant the eagles of France on the towers of Lisbon ; and he possessed so great a sujjeriority of numbers, that the allied army was forced to retreat before him. Suddenly the rugged rocks of fiuftaco were seen sparkling with British bayonets, assembled to oppose his advance, and the desperate attempts made by the French veterans to force the position, on the 27th of September, were met by a CA C 26 IIISTOttlCAL RECORD OK 1.1 1810 resistance which they could not overcome. The Sixty- FIRST were in position on this occasion, and the light company skirmished with tlie French marks- men ; but the regiment was not seriously engaged. The French having turned the position by a flank movement, the British army withdrew to the fortified lines of Torres Vedras, where the invading army found its progress arrested by a barrier which it did not venture to attack, and after halting a few weeks before the lines in hopeless inactivity, retreated to a strong position at Santarem. On arriving at the lines, the Sixty-first were removed to the fourth division, and stationed at the village of Caxaria, and it was in position every morning two hours before daylight to resist any attack tlie enemy might be disposed to make. The regiment was subsequently removed to the sixth division, with which its services are identified during the remainder of the war; it was united in brigade with the Eleventh and Fifty-third Regiments, commanded by Brigadier-Ge- neral Hulse. After the retreat of the French to Santarem, the regiment was stationed at the Convent of Alenquer, where several officers and men were taken suddenly ill, and the only remaining monk suggested, that it was proljably occasioned by the water, — the French having, on their retreat, cast several dead men into the well in the centre of the square, to save the trouble of burying them : on examination this proved to be true, — and the sensations produced by the discovery may be easily conceived. In a few days afterwards the regiment was removed to the hamlet of Arunda. 1811 Unable to fulfil his menace of driving the English into the sea, and having consumed all the provisions he could procure, the French Marshal retreated from his position at Santarem, on the 5th of March, 1811, THK SIXTY-FIRST FOOT. 27 and the Sixty-first were engaged in following the 1811 retreat of the enemy to the frontiers of Portugal: they were afterwards employed, with their division, in the blockade of the fortress of Almeida, and were quartered at the village of Junca, from whence they furnished a daily piquet near the works. The French army advancing to relieve Almeida, the Sixty-first quitted the blockade, and were in position when the French were repulsed at Fuentes d'Onor; but did not sustain any loss. Resuming its quarters at Junca, the regiment again furnished piquets before Almeida. An unusual noise during the night of tlie 11th of May occasioned the regiment to assemble at its alarm post, and march towards Almeida ; the grenadier company advanced to the walls, and Captain Furnace discovered a chasm in the works, at which he entered and ascertained that the French garrison had blown up a great part of the works, and evacuated the fortress; when Major Coghlan ordered a guard of one hundred men to take possession of the town, which was found much injured by the explosions. Lord Wellington having undertaken the siege of Badajoz, Marshals Soult and Marmont marched the armies under their orders to the relief of that fortress, when the Sixty-first proceeded with their division to the Alemtejo, and were in position on the Caya. The French armies having separated, the regiment again traversed the country towards the Agueda; and in September the light company, under Captain Owen, distinguished itself by repulsing, by its steady fire, the attack of several squadrons of French dragoons, who had driven back a body of British cavalry near Ciudad Rodrigo, when Marshal Marmont relieved the blockade of that fortress. After retiring a few miles before the superior ii 28 HISTORICAL RFXOllD OP 1811 numbers of the enemy, the regiment went into winter quarters, where it received a draft of two hundred men from the second battalion. Colonel Saunders being promoted to the rank of major-general, Lieut. -Colonel Barlow arrived in Por- tugal to command the first battalion, and Lieut.- Colonel Coghlan proceeded to Ireland to command the second battalion. Lieut.-Colonel Coghlan had commanded the first battalion during two campaigns. 1812 In January, 1812, the regiment was employed in covering the siege of Ciudad Rodrigo, which fortress was captured by assault during the night of the 19th of that month. The regiment afterwards traversed the country to the Alemtejo, from whence it advanced across the Guadiana, and was employed in Spanish Estremadura during the siege of Badajoz, which fortress was cap- tured by assault on the 6th of April. After these brilliant enterprises were completed, the regiment retuvned to the northern frontiers of Portugal, and marched to sustain the troops which destroyed the French works at the bridge of Almarez. Advancing into Spain, the allied army drove a French corps from the city of Salamanca, which was taken possession of amidst the rejoicings of the inha- bitants, and the Sixty-first Regiment was one of the corps employed in the siege of the forts of San Vin- cente, St. Cajetano, and La Merced, in which the French had left garrisons. On the night of the 22nd of June the light company was engaged in an attempt to capture St. Cajetano and La Merced by escalade, when Captain John Owen led the assault with distinguislied gallantry; he had gained the top of one of the ladders, and was in the act of entering the fort, when he was shot through the left arm, which was dreadfully shattered, and the next moment another shot in the shoulder precipitated him into the ditch. THE SIXTY-FIHST FOOT. 29 Private Charles Carr saw his Captain fall, and leaping 1812 into the ditch under a heavy fire raised the fallen Captain, — called a comrade to his aid, and they carried their officer to a place of safety. The attack failed. Captain Owen was promoted to the rank of major, and on receiving the usual pension for the loss of his arm, he settled an annuity upon Private Charles Carr. The regiment sustained considerable loss on this occasion in killed and wounded, and among the latter was Lieutenant Given. Some delay took place in the capture of the con- vents, from the want of ammunition; but a supply having been received, they v/ere reduced before the end of June. From Salamanca the regiment advanced to the banks of the Douro, and when the French army passed the river and advanced, the British fell back a few stages. On the 22nd of July, the opposing armies ma- nojuvred near Salamanca, and the French commander making a faulty movement, the British general ordered his divisions forward and commenced the battle. For some time the Sixty-first were formed, with their division, behind the village of Arapiles, to support the fourth division, which was engaged upon a rising ground beyond the village; the regiment was exposed to a heavy cannonade; and the village was soon in flames from the bursting of shells. The fourth division being pressed by very superior numbers, the sixth division advanced at a running pace to its support, and on passing the village of Arapiles the Sixty-first opened their fire ; but the French soldiers were so min- gled with the men of the fourth division, that the regi- ment ceased firing for fear of destroying friends as well as enemies. The French carried the hill, and, elated with success, rushed forward with great impetuosity; PL III 'iOM 30 HlSTOllICAh UKCUHU OK 1812 but tlie Eleventh and Sixty -first gave three cheers, fired a volley, and charged with bayonets with so much resolution that the torrent of battle was arrested, and, after a desperate effort, the French were overpowered, and the hill was re-captured. Lieut.-Colonel Barlow, Major Downing, eight other officers, and about a hundred soldiers had fallen ; but the survivors pressed upon their opponents with the bayonet until ordered to halt on the low ground beyond the hill. The French rallied under a cloud of skirmishers, and ap- peared intent on attempting to recover the hill. At this moment the regiment was exposed to the fire of a number of sharpshooters, and a numerous artillery, it was threatened with a charge of infantry, and a hostile body of cavalry was manoeuvring on its left, yet it was as steady as on an ordinary parade; the surviving officers and soldiers formed four divisions two deep, and prepared to charge with their gallant associates of the Eleventh Regiment. Colonel Napier states, in his History of the Peninsular IVar, — "The "struggle was no slight one. The men of General " Hulse's brigade, which was on the left, went down "by hundreds, and the Sixty-first and Eleventh " Regiments won their way desperately, and through "such a fire as British soldiers only can sustain." The southern ridge was regained, and " the reserve of " Boyer's dragoons coming on at a canter, were met and " broken by the fire of Hulse's noble brigade. Then " the changing current of the fight once more set for the " British." In this second advance the Eleventh and Sixty-first drove the enemy before them a consider- able distance. The two regiments then halted, and being within range of the enemy's artillery, Major- General Hulse directed the men to sit down ; but the French fire occasioned many casualties, and the major- general called the commanding officers of regiments THE SIXTY-FIRST FOOT. 31 forward and directed them to acquaint their men with 1812 his intention of attacking the heights in front. This was answered by three cheers from the surviving officers and men, and an immediate advance, under a destructive fire from the French artillery and skir- mishers ; but the brigade pressed gallantly forward and speedily gained the summit. The French formed column. The Eleventh and Sixty-first changed front, and opening their fire, soon forced the enemy to retire. The officers and Serjeants with the colours of the Sixty-first fell under the enemy's fire, when the colours were seized by Privates William Crawford and Nicholas Coulson, who carried them to the top of the hill. Crawford was instantly promoted to serjeant; the same rank was offered to Coulson, but he answered that he was over-rewarded already by the cheers and thanks of his comrades, and the approbation of his officers. Serjeant Crawford fell a sacrifice to his gal- lantry in a subsequent engagement. Lieutenants Wolfe and Armstrong took charge of the colours, and the regiment continued to advance. The sixth division was engaged towards the close of the action, in forcing the French from the last height on which they ventured to make a stand: and when darkness put an end to the fight, the British were victorious at every part of the field; at the same time the broken remains of the French army were hurrying from the scene of disaster in confusion. The loss of the Sixty-first on this occasion was very severe,— Lieut.-Colonel Barlow, Captains Stubbs, Horton, and Favell, Lieutenants Chawner and Parker, Ensign Bere, three Serjeants, one drummer, and thirty- five rank and file, killed; Major Downing, Captains Oke, Mc Leod, and Greene, Lieutenants Falkner, Daniel, Chapman, Chipchase, Furnace, Gloster. Col- lis, Wolfe, Brackenbury, Royal, and Toole, Ensigns 32 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 4 : 1812 White and Singleton, twenty-two Serjeants, one drum- mer, and two hundred and eighty rank and file, wounded. Major Downing died of his wounds*. Captain Annesley, who commanded the regiment at the close of the action, received a gold medal ; and the word "Salamanca" was inscribed on the colours, by royal authority, to commemorate its distinguished . gallantry on this memorable occasion. Shortly after the battle of Salamanca the command of a brigade in the fifth division was conferred on Major-General Hulse, who took leave of the brigade he had previously commanded in the following orders : — " His Excellency the Commander of the Forces having " been pleased to remove Major-General Hulse to the " command of a brigade in the fifth division, the major- " general cannot leave the officers and soldiers of the " brigade he had the honor and happiness to command " for nearly two years, without assuring them how fully '• satisfied he has ever been with their excellent con- " duct, both in quarters and in the field, during that "period. The major-general wishes, most pointedly, " to express how much he feels indebted to them for " their steadiness and determined courage displayed in "the action of the 22nd instant. It will ever be to " him a source of the greatest pride to have had the " honor to command them on that glorious day. Never " did British troops acquit themselves in a more gallant style ! and Major-General Hulse hopes all will accept his best thanks for their exemplary conduct, and his " warmest wishes for their future welfare.'* «, «i ! * Casualties at the battle of Salamanca, _ Soldiers. a| 1 Officers. Strength in the iield . 27 420 ■ Killed and wounded ! • 24 342 ■ Remainiiig 3 1 Six ri'liofs of ofticei-s and 1 1 1 Serjeants were shot under the colours THIi 81XTY-F1KST FOOT. ,i.i After pursuing the broken remains of the Frencli I HI J army to ValladoUd, the Britisli General marched to Madrid, leaving the Sixty-first, and a few other corps, at the town of Cuellar, situate on the declivity of a hill in the province of Segovia. The French army being reinforced, advanced down the Pisuerga valley, when the British infantry removed to Arevalo, and the French took possession of ValladoUd. Lord Welling- ton returning from Madrid, the French again retreated, and the British advanced up the beautiful Pisuerga and Arlanzan valley to Burgos, and commenced the siege of the castle, in which service the Sixty-first were engaged ; many of the officers and soldiers having re- covered of their wounds, were again at the post of honor, and the regiment mustered about two hundred men, under Captains Sparrow, Greene, and Annesley, Lieutenants Mc Lean, Furnace, Wolfe, Armstrong, and Harris. Lieutenant Stuart was attached to the engi- neer department, and was severely wounded. For a short time the regiment was encamped about a mile from the fortress, but afterwards removed to the Hopital del Rey. Captain Annesley and a party of the regiment distinguished themselves at the storming of the outworks on the 4th of October, for which they were thanked in orders by Colonel Bingham, the field officer on duty in the trenches at the time. The dis- tinguished gallantry of Private Edmonstone, on this occasion, was rewarded with the rank of serjeant. On one occasion, the post occupied by a small piquet, under Lieutenant Armstrong, was destroyed by a mine, which killed and wounded two-thirds of the piquet ; the enemy at the same time making a sortie. The lieutenant was thrown some distance by the ex- ])losion, but was not seriously injured; and he took possession, with the surviving men, of some houses, and by a steady fire forced the French to retire within 34 III8TOUICAL RECURI) OP 18:2 their works; — Lieutenant Armstrong humorously ob- serving, " My cloak is on the post, and the French " shall not even possess that as a trophy." On another occasion, Lieutenant Harris and a party of the regi- ment evinced great intrepidity on the glacis. The concentration of the enemy's numerous forces rendered it necessary for the British to raise the siege of Burgos Castle and retire, and the Sixty-first shared in the fatigues and privations of this retrograde movement. On one occasion the light company, under Lieutenant Wolfe, was employed in retarding the pas- sage of a river by the enemy; and the regiment also aided in the destruction of one of the bridges across the Douro, The regiment arrived at the frontiers of Portugal, without losing more than one man during the retreat. It proceeded into quarters under the orders of Lieut.-Colonel Coghlan; and was joined by a strong detachment from the second battalion during the winter. 1813 The progress of military organization in Portugal and Spain, with the arrival of reinforcements from England, enabled the British commander to take the field in May, 1813, with a formidable army. lie drove the French from Salamanca, turned their positions on the Douro, and forced them back in disorder upoji Burgos, when they destroyed the castle and retreated to the Ebro, the passage of which river they were pre- pared to defend; but he turned their position by a flank march, and obliged them to fall back upon Vit- toria, where they formed for battle. The sixth division was left behind at Medina de Pomar, to cover the march of the magazines, and the Sixty-first were thus prevented sharing in the victory at Vittoria on the 21st of June. They were sufficiently near to hear the firing, and arrived at the field of battle on the fol- lowing day, to take charge of the captured artillery and stores. THK SIX'IY-KIUST FOOT. 85 The regiment was subsequently employed in at- tempting to intercept the French division under General Clausel, and when this I'orce had escaped to France, the regiment proceeded t,o Pampeluna, to take part in the blockade of that fortress, from which duty it was relieved by a Spanish corps, on the 14th of July, and advanced into the Pyrenean Mountains to San Estevan, situated in a beautiful valley, where it halted. Thus, after marching nearly six hundred miles in seven weeks, passing six great rivers, gaining one decisive battle, and investing the two fortresses of Pampeluna and San Sebastian, the allied army stood triumphant on the lofty Pyrenees, and the officers and soldiers panted for opportunities to acquire additional honors. The French army having Y. m reiniorced, and re- organized, advanced under Marshal Soult, and attacked the British posts in the mountains, when the allied army fell back to a position in front of Pampeluna. The sixth division, to which the Sixty-first con- tinued to belong, quitted San Estevan to support the troops first attacked ; but when advancing, Lord Wel- lington rode up to the division, and ordered it to halt for the night. It afterwards retired through the moun- tain passes, and bivouacked, during the night of the 27th of July, in a pine-wood. At daybreak on the following morning it resumed its march ^ and joining the army in position in the mountains, formed for battle across the valley in the rear of the left of the fourth division, its right on the village of Oricain, and its left on some heights. Soon after the regiment had taken its post, columns of attack were seen in motion to commence the battle of the Pyrenees, where the Sixty-first had another opportunity of distinguishing themselves. A body of French troops moved along the valley of Lanz towards the mountain at its extremity, and the Sixty-first, ^mi 3fi IIISTOIIICAL IIECOHII OK 1813 with two other British corps, were ordered to move nt a running pace and occupy the mountain. The Sixty- first hastened up the hill on one side, as the French skirmishers ascended on the other; but the British gained the summit first, and opened their fire with terrible effect. The French were encompassed in the valley ; two brigades smote them from the left, the Portuguese smote them from the right, and the sixth division forced them back with a terrible carnage. The enemy retreated behind the village of Sauroren. The Sixty-first, and two other regiments, advanced to a post near the village, and the fire of small-arms was kept up until dark. No serious fighting occurred on the 29th of July ; but on the morning of the 30th the British batteries opened from the heights, and a cloud of skirmishers advanced against Sauroren. The firing at this point afterwards subsided ; but was eventually renewed, and the Sixty-first had the honor to participate in storming the village and heights of Sauroren, and in forcing the French from a position, which, from its natural strength and advantages, appeared almost im- pregnable. The pursuit was continued until night, and many prisoners were taken. The regiment had seventy men killed and wounded; Captains Charleton and McLean, Lieutenants Wolfe and O'Kearney, and Volunteer Leebody, were wounded. Lieut.-Colonel Coghlan received a gold medal ; and the word " Pyrenees" was placed upon the colours of the regiment, as a mark of royal approbation of its gallant conduct. Continuing the pursuit of the enemy to the extre- mity of the Pyrenees, the regiment ascended the sum- mit of one of the highest mountains on the 2nd of August, and as the soldiers beheld the beautiful plains of France, which Napoleon had often declared to be TIIK SIXTY-FIRST FOOT. 37 inviolable, spread in rich landscape scenery before ]8i3 them, they experienced emotions of exultation in the anti(!ipation of future conquests. In the afternoon the rej;itnent encamped on a piece of high ground, sur- rounded by inaccessible rock, the only entrance to which was through a chasm; a beautiful stream ran along the hollow below, with a cannon foundry on its banks. Two days afterwards it marched to the vale of Los Alduidos: and afterwards penetrated France some distance; but withdrew towards Maya, and relieved the second division on the heights commanding the pass of Maya, where the soldiers threw up breastworks. The prospect from these heights was particularly inte- resting: on the left was seen the sea, and the fortress of Bayonne ; on the right the thickly wooded plains of Cias(!()ny, interspersed with towns and villages; in front was the French army ; and in the rear of the right and left, the lofty Pyrenees crowned with the tents of the British army. On the 1st of September the division drove the enemy from two heights in its front ; ana on the 9th of Octoljcr, it again attacked the French, to favour the operations of the British troops which had passed the Bidassoa. Three companies of the Sixty-first were engaged on this occasion. Invigorated by the mountain air, and impatient to win the fair plains of France before them, the soldiers received with joyful anticipations the orders to advance, and attack the enemy's positions on the Nivelle. The Sixty-first descended from the mountains by moon- light on the night of the 9th of November, and lay concealed near the enemy's piquets until the following morning. The day broke with great splendour, and as the first rays of light gilded the summits of the moun- tains, three guns gave the signal for the attack, and the French beheld "ith astonishment the allied army rise 3H HISTORICAL RBCOKI) OP 181.3 from its concealment, and rush to liattle with an impe- tuosity they were not prepared to withstand. The Sixty-first passed the Nivellc river, and marched 'trough a rugged country towards the bridge of Amotz, to attack the works at that place ; the skirmishers of the regiment were in front under Lieutenant Harris. Advancing up a difficult ascent, covered with bushes, under a sharp fire, the regiment drove a body of French troops from a semicircular breastwork ; several officers of the regiment outran the men, who had knapsacks to carry, and first jumped into the works : — Captain William Henry Furnace, who had repeatedly distinguished himself, fell a sacrifice to his gallantry ; and Lieutenant Christopher Kellet was killed about the same time. The regiment pressed resolutely for- ward to storm a redoubt at the top of the hill; its commanding officer, Lieutenant-Colonel Coghlan, re- ceived a shot through the cap, which grazed the top of his head, — several officers and men fell, but the regi- ment continued its rapid advance, and Lieutenant Harris jumped across the ditch of the redoubt, when the French fled in dismay, and many of them were intercepted in the rear of the redoubt. Lieutenant- General Sir Rowland Hill came up to the regiment, and thanked the officers and soldiers repeatedly for the very gallant manner in which they had ascended under the enemy's fire. A second redoubt was captured at this part of the enemy's line, and afterwards a third. The Sixty-first penetrated the enemy's camp, which had been abandoned and set on fire. The light company of the regiment was detached on this occasion, and distinguished itself. A decisive victory was gained, and the British army established itself in tlie French territory. Captains James Horton, Marcus Annesley, and Hugh Eccles, Lieutenants Robert Belton, and Archer Toole, were all severely wounded. TIIK «1XTY-FinST FOOT. 3U le Id Lieutenant-Colonel Cojriilan received nn honorary 1«1.1 distinction ; Major Oke was promoted to the rank of licut.-coh)nel ; and the gallantry displayed by the regi- ment on this occasion, was rewarded with the word " Niveli.e" on its colours. After this success, the regiment occupied quarters at Ustaritz, which was found an agreeable change ; the bleak summits of the mountains, on which it had been long stationed, having become extremely cold. The moral and physical energies of the men were in full power, and nothing could have withstood their con- quering progress had the weather been favourable. Early in December a forward movement was ordered ; and on the morning of the 9th of that month a beacon lighted on the heights above Cambo gave the signal for the attack, when the passage of the river Nive was forced, and the enemy driven back towards ])ayonnc. The sixth division passed the river on float- ing bridges. The advanced-guard (in which was the light company of the S i xt v-fi rst, formed in a light bat- talion under Captain Greene, of the regiment,) evinced great gallantry, and surprised the first French piquet, which fled in dismay. Some sharp fighting occurred ; Captain Greene was wounded, and Captain Charleton was sent from the regiment to take command of the light battalion. The swampy nature of the country retarded the advance of the division, and gave time for the French troops to effect their retreat towards Bayonne. The enemy advanced and attacked the British troops on the three following days, but were repulsed. At the passage of the " Nive" the regiment earned another honorary inscription for its colours; and Cap- tain Greene received a medal. Its loss was limited to Captains Greene and Charleton wounded, and a few private soldiers killed and wounded. L iLlB.^ i !L-.'J"ag ' IiJ-> ' J 40 HISTORICAL RECORD OP 1S14 The regiment was stationed at Ville-Franque from tlie middle of November until the 22nd of February, 1814, assisting in the blockade oi Bayonne. On one occasion, when the regiment had gone out for field exercise, leaving the officers, bat-men, pioneers, and the quartermaster-serjeant in quarters, a heavy fall of rain so swelled the stream of the Nive, that the pontoon- bridge of communication was detached from its moor- ings, and was seen floating down the stream. Quarter- master-Serjeant Rose (who distinguished himself at Talavera) and Private Thomas Dawson got hold of the bridge, and, at the hazard of their lives, succeeded in securing it, by which much inconvenience to thfe service was prevented. The quartermaster-serjeant was re- warded with a commission, and a sum of money was given to Private Dawson. Quitting Ville-Franque, the regiment advanced up the country, and passing the river near Bereux, by a pontoon-bridge, on the morning of the 27th of Feb- ruary, it afterwards ascended by a narrow way between high rocks to the great road to Peyrehorade, which brought it into the presence of the French army, under Marshal Soult, in position near Orthes. The action commenced in the forenoon. The third and sixtli divisions won, without difficulty, the lower part of the ridges opposed to them, and endeavoured to extend their left along tlie French front with a sharp fire of musketry. On the other flank the French defended their post with more resolution. During the early part of the day, the skirmishers only of the Sixty- first were engaged, and the regiment was in reserve; wlien the French army gave way, two fine battalions were seen attempting to cover the retreat, and Lieut.- Colonel Coghlan led the Sixty-first Regiment against them at a running pace. The two battalions fired a volley and retreated, pursued by the Britisli light cavalry. THE SIXTY-FIRST FOOT. 41 Lieut.-Colonel Coghlan received another honorary 1814 distinction for this battle; and the word **'Orthe8," on the colours, commemorates the gallant bearing of the regiment on this occasion. Its loss was limited to one Serjeant and ten men, killed and wounded. Pursuing the retreating enemy on the following day, the regiment took some prisoners, and, being in advance, discovered part of the French army on an eminence near St. Sever; the enemy again retreated after dark, and was followed on the succeeding days. On one occasion the regiment lost a serjeant and seven men in a skirmish; and Lieutenant Furnace, of the light company, had a narrow escape, a ball having passed through the collar of his coat. The regiment again came up with the enemy on the IGth of March, near Tarbes, and had a few men wounded. The weather was fine, the soldiers healthy, vigorous, and animated with their uninterrupted career of success, so that they were ready for any service; but the French continued their retreat without hazard- ing a serious engagement. Marshal Soult concentrated the French troops under his command in a fortified position at Toulouse; and on the morning of the 10th of April, the Sixty- FiusT Regiment was in motion with the fourth and sixth divisions, under Marshal Beresford, to turn the enemy's right fiank. The regiment being halted be- yond the river Ers, while Lord Wellington and his staff reconnoitred the enemy, Lieut.-Colonel Coghlan took that opportunity to address the officers and men in a short and animated speech, which made a great impression on their minds. Immediately afterwards the regiment advanced; it^ crossed the river Ers, and marclied along the left bank exposed to the enemy's cannonade. On arriving jit its destined point, the brigade was wheeled into line by Major-Goneral 61 i> 48 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1814 Lambert, who led it forward to attack a formidable height occupied by French troops. The enemy de- scended with loud shouts to meet the advancing line, and opened a heavy fire of musketry; the Sixty-first rushed forward without firing a shot, the officers ani- mating the men by their example, and answering the French shouts with a loud and confident huzza ! They carried the height with fixed bayonets, but sustained severe loss. Many. of the officers having outrun their men, who were retarded by the weight of their knap- sacks, entered a French redoubt at the moment the defenders were quitting it, when a number of French soldiers turned round and fired with fatal effect: of the Sixty-first, Lieut.-Colonel Oke, Captain Charleton (who was calling to the enemy to surrender), and Lieutenant Arden, were wounded, — the latter mortally. The regiment advanced along the height until it was ordered to halt under an earthen fence, which par- tially sheltered it from the enemy's guns. Early in the action its gallant commanding officer, Lieut.- Colonel Coghlan, was mortally wounded*. In the afternoon the regiment, much reduced in numbers, supported the attack of the Scots brigade on a range of redoubts, from which the enemy was driven with loss: and the Sixty-first were directed to occupy * Lieut.-Colonel Robert John Coghlan was a most distin- guished and gallant officer, and highly respected and beloved by the SixT YFiBST, who chcrishcd the memory of his exalted virtues with peculiar veneration. The regimental record shows the number of times he led the corps to battle and to victory, and the honorary distinctions he had acquired. The Duko of Wellington directed liis remains to be removed from the grave in which they had been hastily laid, on the field of battle, and honored with a public funeral, himself attending to pay the last tribute of respect to departed valour. A marble slab, placed by his brother officers in the Pro- testant churchyard of Toulouse, murks the spot where the remains of this gallant officer are deposited. rilE HlXTY-FIUaT FOOT, 43 le ;he one of the captured redoubts. The French advanced IBM to recover the redoubts; when Major-General Lambert directed a division of the Sixty-first to cross the road, which was commanded by the enemy's fire, and reinforce the troops in another redoubt. This was a perilous movement ; but Captain Cmarleton, whose wound was dressed in the field in time to enable him to rejoin and command the regiment in its second attack, placed himself in front of the division, exclaim- ing, "I will show the way!" Serjeant Fra^er stepped to follow his captain, and, encouraged by this example, the division made the movement at a running pace; several officers and soldiers were, however, hit by the French marksmen. The regiment defended the post committed to its charge, and the French were driven from their works, and forced to take refuge in the suburbs of the city of Toulouse. At the termination of the action, the surviving men of the regiment were brought out of the field by Adjutant B . assisted by two ensigns and Serjeant Robert He . hose name merits notice from his zealous exertions during the action. The Sixty-first was included, in Lord Welling- ton's despatch, among the corps which had sustained severe loss, and were highly distinguished throughout the day. Lieut.-Colonel Coghlan, Lieutenant H. Arden, and Ensign W. A. Favell, were killed on this occasion; Major J. Oke, Captains W. Greene and E. Charleton, Lieutenants A. Porteus, N. Furnace*, T. Gloster, D. O'Kearney, J. Wolfe, E. Gaynor, W. White f, * Lieutenant Norbury Furnace had fought with his regiment in every battle and skiimish in which it Ixad been engaged in the Peninsula and South of France, and liad, lost two brothers gallantly combating in the same cause. + Lieutenant William White was on his way to join the rej^i- U 2 44 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1814 J. Harris, G. Stewart, and J. H. Ellison, Ensigns J. Wright, Cuthbert Eccles, and S. Bartlett, wounded. The regiment had also eight se'-jeaots and one hundred and fifty-three rank and file kiUecl and wounded. Medals were conferred on Lieut.-Ce^'Miel Oke, Captain Charleton (who was twice wouiiojd), and Adjutant Bace: and the vord "Touvhse** was added to the inscriptions o i the colour:i of the regi- ment. The French retreated frjm Toulouse, followed by the British army, and at I5t. Felix five officers and seventy men joined the Sixty-first, from the second battalion in Ireland, und he was promoted to the rank of major general. He died in 1778. SIJ CCES%ION OV COLONELS. 57 Staates Long Mou.uss. Appointed Uth May. 177B. ^ ^ ^ T.„s office, served ^^^^^^ ^^ "^^ ^^ IJ^e George II.; was P-n-ted to U ^^^ .^ ^^.^ ^^ ^, Thirty-sixth Regiment ;« ^^^^'J^^ ^j^^,,,, nnder Charles, ,„.ployod in the exped.t.on to St. ^^^^^^^^ .^ ^^^ ^^^. Dulco of Marlborough "y; /„ ,f ^hich he was ap- „.ation of the l^^^S^^ V" \Sant in (3ctober, 1759 : he pointed lieutenaut-c.lone— ^^,3^ ^,,, ,t was Urved at the head of tl"« J ,,„^ „f cohmel m disbanded. He was V^^^^^.^l^^^ . ^.d in the following 1772 ; to that of -«J-S7;^ XelcV of the Sxxxv-..usx year he was nominated to the . ^^ Ueut.-geueval Regiment. He was advanced to the .^ ^^^^ fnV, and to that of general m 1796. Sxu George Hewett, Bart., G.C.B. A«»oin<.^ 4trs, of 850 men, including Indian &c., ^^' , „n mv iournal of the very fatiguing Before I F^'^^f ^^^^^^T/ention a few observations upon „.arch I underwent 1 shall ^^^^^^J^ ., ^,n known as a Cosseir, in Upper EgyP • J^ ^^^^, ^.^.erable spots m of UPF' Eaypt. A^""' ' ^'^,,\;,,cr» tl.e Indian arn,y »=« t^Jara of it, «a» the g onnd > ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^„,^ a arid, not a Uado of any k« d » /^ „^„Un '-and the weaned vvhich bound the m^w ^ g CO APPENDIX. country appears quite unfit for the existence of human beings : nature baa furnished it with no sources of fresh water, and that indispensable necessary of life is only to be obtained by digging wells in the sand, into which oozos a kind of bitter salt water, the most offensive thing to the taste imaginable; and its effects arc no less noxious, — as people who drink it are always (at first) attacked with a violent vomiting and purging, which is accompanied by the nvist intolerable and burning thirst. Oui soldiers wore nearly to a man, in a more or less degree, afflicted with this disease, and though it only proved fatal to a few, still it handled very roughly all those who were under tlio necessity of using this detestable water. The heat when 1 was at Cosseir was almost intolerable. Provisions were plentiful and cheap, — the fish excellent ; but although i\w i::habitai)ts possess as fine wheat as any in Europe, tlieir bread w;i3 detestablf, being a kind of dough cake half-baked, or rath- r burnt, in the du)^ty I'-ihes. July inth. — Every preparation having been in^.^lo, I marched at six o'clock, p.m., >vith the troops, I'olli/vvers, drivers, &c., a** already stated; avkd our lino of inarch was considerably iucreaseJ by a number of asses, the property of individuals, wIjo had loaded these useful animals with an independent supply of water. We continued our route, keeping a large range of n^cky and burnt-up hills on our left ; a very fine moon shono only to render this dreary scene the more awful ; the setting ssun brought us little, if any, relief as to heat. After marching; about five miles we came to some springs, or rather a black rivulet of water, very bitter, which crosses the valley through which the road leads. I endeavoured in vain to prevent the soldiers from drinking of this infernal brook ; thirst was too imperious^ and I soon four d that my orders had been disregarded by all the rear. Many of the men soon felt the ill effects of their folly, and began to fall back faint and oppressed, and this was much aggravated by the very extraordinary closeness of the boat : what air did exist, was like the breathing of a furnace. At twelve o'clock we reached the new wells. I reckon the distance about thirteen miles, where I found a subal- tern officer and a few Sepoys stationed to take charge of, and protect them. After placing the necessary guards, &c.. APPENDIX. 61 I ordered the detachment to lie down, and we enjoyed a most refreshing repose for about three hours. At this time the captain of the rear-guard came up, and reported that a great many stragglers were still behind. I ordered the drums to beat half an hour before day, when tlio camp was pitched, and the men sheltered from the sun, which rciso with a most blazing and fiery aspect. From nii'ijnglit, imtil a little after sunrise, the air in the desert is del i! and refreshing (I mean compa- ratively witli tlx: iCSt v\' i .iC twenty-four hours); nature, I suppo .;», has kindly ordained this comfort to the unfortunate traveliers, and still more miserable inhabitants of this dreary waste. yfuli/ J9th. — It vvas ?^te in the day when all our strag- glers oame up. I was much c(mccrned to find that the mus- saclcs* (or w.ftor-bags) had leaked considerably, and that I should bo unci:", the nocessity of replenishing them from the wells of this poSt. I must hero observe, that General Baird had caused, both at this and other posts on the desert, wells to be dug, in order to procxire a supply of that greatest of all necessaries of life (in such a climate as this) — water. In these scanty sources, it was thick and muddy; however, oven this, could we have obtained it in abundance, would have been reckoned a luxury ; but, alas ! a very limited supply was all wo could get: therefore, at half-past five, p.m., I inarched. We passed for some hours through a long and winding valley; high, brown, rugged mountains, with here and there a solitary eagle perched upon a projecting crag, were the only gloomy objects that presented themselves. We continued our route northerly, through the same desolate wilderness, and at one o'clock I judged it necessary to halt ; but this halting-place was not to be distinguished from any accommodations, not from a spring or rivulet of water, not from any shelter from the scorching sun, and more suffocating hot wind, but it became a place of repose merely from the total incapacity of the troops to move a mile further: hero then I ordered the baggage to be unloaded, and the detach- ment to lie down to rest. I never suffered the tents to be * Mussacks are largo leatlieni bags made so as to 'lold water, and are placed on the backs of camels like panniers. (52 APPENDIX. pitched until just before sunrise, as I found tho soldiers always inarched more refreshed by letting them take their rest the instant they halted, than to undergo the fatigue and confusion of pitching their tents in the dark. No di-w falls in the desert ; the air is so greedy of moisture, that the least wet is instantly absorbed, and sleeping in the open air was here a luxury. J^dy 20th. — I was much grieved at daylight to find that about forty men were still behind. I trembled at tho horrors these poor fellows would be exposed to, should they be left destitute and forlorn in the desert. After seriously reflecting upon this most melancholy circumstance, I sent for the chief Arab, who, as a kind of sclieik, had some sort of control over the camel-drivers, and ordered him to eollcct some of the principal ones; as soon as they came to my tent, I told them the apprehensions I was under, and proposed to them to return in the track we had come the day before for at least seven miles, and promised to reward them lfl)orally for every soldier they should bring up. All their attention was called forth by the mention of money, and they became eager to be useful. Twenty camels set off, and my brother, Captain Frederick Bailow, SiXTY-FinsT Regiment, very humanely volunteered, notwithstanding the Intolerahle heat, to attend the camels. I filled a cag with a mixture of port wine and water, which he took with him, and it proved of the most essential service. At the distance of from four to six miles from camp, he picked up twenty-one poor exhausted fainting wretches, who, without this assistance, must have died in a very few hours : some not able to speak, and the whole totally incapable (»f walking a step further. One fine lad in particular, was so far gone, as to lay stretched out on the sand as if expiring ; but upon pouring some of the wine and water down his throat, he gradually recovered, and he was brought into camp in a man's arms on a camel. Water, and afterwards some wine, soon restored him to sufficient strength to enable him to proceed on a camel, with other sick men, that afternoon : before two o'clock all the absentees got into camp. This day we contrived to dine tolerably well; but for want of water to wet the bags, our wine was as hot as milk immediately from the cow, — the water we had to muncrous '. would ^^;^j;'Zy^Xv^ZJ^ ,vaH postod at; and the -f 7i",,,,ehed, and just before bo got from them. ^'^'\^'\^,^,^, proved to bo a ion. We continued our route o^^^^^^^^ J;„,,„ ,vere excessively .vaste for seven bour« wlu.nl found ^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ fatigued. AcH^ordmg y { J^_;7;ji,tance between the mnc bad not arrived at ^l^^^-''^l% down upon a large and „,ile wells and Logattah. AVe U y ^^ ^^^^^ , ^j^^ , extensive desert plam, and at (^^^ - '^^„,,i or - omedary iCtched. n-^t£t^' '«^-'^ «^^*'^""^' ''"^' to Legattah with a lette > ^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^ ,^^^ requesting him to send a up >y ^^ ^^ ^.^ ,,,, g able to „,areb to that place; 7^';^ .^d the nninsaeks before I comply with my request, I nnpt^^ ^^^ ^^.^st we had cfttb- clreary ^-^\-^"^'^;" 'birched from this abomi- asyet experienced. ^ ^ ^^r six hours' march the men nable and bum ng ^r** , ^^ fto,n the want of water, and I Lean to complain f ^«^«"^ y/^er at Legattah had not confess I almost f-^^;;\ tX-l^«^'^^^""'%'^''r"t found it possible to -"d a supi^^ i„,,pressible f if f ^ ^ a little aft^r midmght, I haa t j _^j^^ ^.^t thing ; ceive a large «-«'\?^"*'"?, rglittering of the Sepoys Tat attracted my -^'^'^llZV\^!^onr,--y^^^^^^ F^^^^ *" arms, the moon shining m groa sp^l^o ^^.^^^^ ^ ^ Ttienty-eight c-^^^^f ' ^^^^^^^^^ when I rode along expressthesensations of our po ^^^ ^^^^^, ,. „ th! line of '"a-^\*^""^"^''";^^^^^ front. I halted, and upon inquiry ^^^^^^^ .^ ^,^ ^^ i^ ad fallen behind ; after Bupply"^g * ^^^ ,,,en camels t!ly, I caused a captains g"-^;;^; \t and unloaded camel Toad of water, together wih ev ry g _^^ ^^^^^ ,, ^r^ng up U could spare to ---" ^^^^ ^^^ that those able to march the stragglers. 1 then told tl r ^^^^^^,^ ^^^^ ^ ^ ,^ a „,gUtgoonwith m,^^^^^^^^^^ aistant "j- ^ ^ J, 1^^ to push on tor i^e^'^" >^ capable ot proctt h the treasure and those of the trooi 1 ^^.^ ^^^^^ la To my great surprise, ajmos the w ^^ ^^^ ^ ^ LcWrom the comfortable JP^J^;^^^^^ ,^,,,,,,e, after APPENDIX. (55 tornn, ono Burgeon, tho water and camels aa ahovo stated, I continued my route, and after two hours' march had the natiHfuction to come in night of thv lights of TiOgattah cam)i. 80 fatiguing was this forced inarch, th;it I was frequently in dangf^r of falling from my horse from sleep. An officer of tho Tenth Regiment f<-11 from an ass he rode, and hurt himself conHiderably. I got in just Ijcforo the dawn of day, af/ of uh excwdxTnyly exhausted; and it was not until three p.m. that tho captain with the rear-guard and stragglers came up; this made it impossihl ■ for mo to leave the camp until tho evening following, — the poor fellows who dro])jH'd in during tho day, jianting and fainting, wore incapable of further exertions. Tho thermometer in my tent was here at 114°. At Legattah wo found a largo detachment of Sepoys, under Captain Mahony, of tho Seventh Bombay Regiment : ho behaved to us in the most attentive and liberal manner. Wo were supplied with every necessary by this officer; and ho fulfilled the duties of his post, not to the strict letter of his orders, but to the fullest extent of every humane and hospitable construction of them. Tho ensuing march t(» Buramba was to bo a very long one ; and I found it necessary to make it in two, as follows: at six p.m. of tho 2()th, we loft Legattah, and continued our route for six hours and a half by my watch, when I ordered the detachment to halt, caused the treasure camels to be unloaded, and directed tho rest with tho tents, baggage, sick, &c., to proceed on Buramba. I then ordered the detachment to be served with plenty of water, when we all lay down and enjoyed three hours' most refreshing sleep. A little before day the drums boat, tho treasure was reloaded, and we proceeded, and arrived at Buramba at six a.m. of the 27th. Here we first saw verdure: this agreeable prospect opened to us imme- diately upon the dawn of day, and infused spirit into every- body. This village seemed to us a little paradise, and, like sailors arrived at a shore of plenty and ease, after the perils of shipwreck, distress, and want, was looked upon by all as a blessed haven. At noon I despatched an officer with a report to General Baird, Commander-in-Chief of the Indian army, who was at Kene on the Nile, of my having reached Buramba without the loss of a single man; and at two o'clock A.M. on the 28tli. I marched (having previously at midnight Gl P fjf5 APPENDIX. sent on tho tents and bnggago). Shortly after daylight we passed two niiserahlc Arab villagos; wo then found ouraelvoi in cultieated ground, and were eagerly looking out for the glorious Nile, whoso direction wo could easily trace from the duto-trees and vegetation api)arcnt upon its banks, although wo could not see that noble river; shortly afterwards we got sight of Kene, and a mile or two from it wcro met by (ienoral Daird and his suite. Me ordered mo to proceed to the banks of the Nile, and at seven o'clock we encamped about a quarter of a mile westward of tho town of Kene, and fifteen yards from the brink of the river. One cannot picture tho joy wo all felt lit arriving amongst our brother soldiers, after tho ten days of uncommon fatigue wo had just oxjieriencod. Kene abounded with every kind of provision, such as mutton, poultry, fish, milk, vegetables, &c., tho whole at the most reasonable rates. Tho heat in this eau)]) was excessive, certainly greater than at Cosseir. The General ordered tho troops to be in readiness to embark in d'jirms, already collected to convey tho army down tho Nile, and which were to rendezvous at Cairo, where the Ooncral meant to collect all his army, in order to carry it entire to Rosetta, from which place ho could make every arrangement for our junction with tho English army before Alexandria. We embarked on the 2nd of August ; the SixTV-PinsT Regiment, about 900 strong, was allowed seventeen d'jirms, and fell «lown with the current. Tho distance to Cairo is about 400 miles. Wo arrived at that celebrated place on tho 11th. Tho army encamped on the island of Rhoda on tho Nile, between Cairo and Gaza; and on the 28th, tho whole being collected, we re-enibarked and proceeded towards Roaetta; and on the .Slst we landed and encamped at El Ilamcd, four miles to the southward of that town; two days after which the General changed his camp to Aboumandour, so called from the tower which stands just above the Nile, about one mile and a quarter to the S.E. of Rosetta: it was from this tower that Pousseilgue made such accurate remarks upon the memorable battle between the English and French fleets in Aboukir Bay. .1. J. Barlow, Lieut -Colonel, Gist Re(jiment, APPENDIX. SIXTY-FIRST REGIMENT. Return of i .^blalties during; the Peninsular War, from 1809 to 1814. 67 Total LoM. 1 NAMU-S OF OFFICERS. 1 Place and Dato J . of Action. 1 a 1 Rank and Killed. Wounded. _ t 1 File. Major R. J. Coghlon Captain A. Hartley „ W. Furnace Buttle of ni^AI AVITBA Major II. F. Orpen „ J. Laing „ D. Goodman KlUad 3 1 46 87th and 28th .fuly, 1801). Captain II. James Lieut. G. Collins Wounded 11 io . . 186 Lieut. D. J. llomiis „ II. T. Tench „ G. Mc Lean MlMing •• . a 16 „ J. Given Ensign W. Brackenbnry Adjutant II. Drew Storming the Killed -i and \ Forts at Captain J. Owen 1 1 i% Salamanca, Lieut. J. Given 2 1 12 22nd June, 1812. WoundedJ Major J. Downing (died) Captain 8. FavcU (died) „ J. Oke „ W. Mc Leod „ W. Greene Lieut. S. Folkner Lieut.-CoI. F. Burlow „ II. Daniel Battle of Salamakca, 22nd July, 1812. Captain G. Stubbs „ J. Chapman „ P. B. P. Ilorton „ J. Chipchase Killed 6 3 1 36 Lieut. A. Chawncr „ J. Parker „ T. Gloster „ N. Furnace Wounded 18 22 1 280 Ensign II. Bere „ J. CoUis „ J. Wolfe „ W. Brackenbury „ J. Royal „ A. Toole Ensign W. White „ J. F. Singleton Siege of the Castle of BuRoos, Lieut. G. Stuart Killed and I 10 in October, 1812. Wounded. G8 APPENDIX. Place and Date of Action. NAMES OF OFFICERS. Total Loss. 1 1 1 I 1 Rank and FUe. Killed. Wounded. Battle of the Pyrenees, 28th July, 1813. Captain E. Charleton „ G. Mc Lean Lieut. J. Wolfe „ G. O'Kearney Killed \ and > WoundedJ 4 • • 70 82 8 Battle of the Nl/ELLE, 10th Nov., 1813. Captain W. H. Furnace Lieut. C. KeUet Captain J. Horton „ M. Annesley „ H. Eccles Lieut. R. Belton „ A. Toole KUlcd \ and > WoundedJ 7 5 Battle of the NiVE, 9th Dec, 1813. Captain W. Greene „ E. Charleton Killed \ and \ WoundedJ 2 Battle of Orthes, 27th Feb., 1814. KUled \ and \ WoundedJ •• 1 • • 10 4 At Tarbes, :8t March, 1814. Wounded » • At Grenada, 2nd March, 1814. Killed Wounded . . •• • • 1 4 Battle of Toulouse, loth April, 1814. Lieut. -CoL R. J.Coghlan Lieut, n. Arden Ensign W. A. Favell Lieut.-Col. J. Oke Captain W. Greene „ E. Charleton Lieut. A. Porteus „ N. Furnace „ T. Gloster „ D. O'Kearney „ J. Wolfe „ E. Gaynor „ W. White „ J. Harris „ G. Stewart „ J. II. Ellison Ensign J. Wright „ C. Eccles „ S. Bartlett Killed Wounded 3 16 1 7 13 140 rotal Loss. Rank and File. 70 2 . . . . 82 10 13 140