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Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols ^»> signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbols V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film6s d des taux de reduction diffdrants. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est film6 d partir de I'angle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. ' t: \ * : 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 J ) i J SPEECHES ON THE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY AND TUB CANADIAN NORTH WEST, BY A. W^. ROSS, ESQ, M. P., AND C. F. FERGUSON, ESQ, M. D., M. P. FEBRUARY 1884. GAZETTE PRINTING CO., MONTREAL. ; Mr. ?n th< ence, tnri at iiit ^ of this tlie in idcntii Raiiwi some 1 heard Now, ore nee men V, I prop been n X) the *e Go ^ay fr ihat to .0 Port -hat ct )fa re wth a Hide Ithi Bd it f the : :► rapic 'o thot revion 3 Rail ifealis 1 SF E E c h: ON THE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY RESOLUTIONS, BY A. W. ROSS, ESQ., M. P. DBLIVBRHD IS THIO HOUSE OF COMMONS, OTTAWA, ON THW 19th of FEBRUARY, 1884. Mr. SPEAKKft. — In rising to address the House |n these Resolutions, I do so with much diffi- ce, inasmuch as I am a young member, jind as so many able speakers have preceded le and have exhausted the subject. But when we consider tJie importance ♦f this question to the Northwest, and that (Die interests of the Nortliwest are so nearly identical with those of the Canadian Pacific Railway Compan/, I think it but right that some member froia the Northwest should be heard with reference to these Resolutions. Now, Sir, a good deal has been said with ref- erence to the Northwest by some hon. gentle- men who are not fully posted as to the facts. ( propose to point out some mistakes that have been made. When this charter was granted X) the Canadian Pacific Railway Company, Jie Government had completed a line of rail- iray from Emerson to Selkirk, and east from iat to Cross Lake, and from Winnipeg west » Portage la Prairie. The moment they got ihat charter they commenced the construction )f a road from Portage la Prairie westward, ¥ith a rapidity that has been a source of >ride to the people of the Northwest. I RAPID RAILWAY CONSTRUCTIO.V. I think the hon. member for South Huron Bid it was a great disadvantage to the people f the Northwest that this railway was built :► rapidly. To a certain extent he is correct. 'o those people who were in the Northwest revious to the granting of the Canadian Paci 3 Railway charter, it has been a source of satisfiactioa and complamt ; and for this reason, that previous to the granting of the charter, there were two streams of imtnigratioa flowing into that country, taking Winnipeg as a fitarting point, one to the southwest, to- wards the Pembina Mountains and the Turtle Mountains, and the other by Portage la Prairie and to Shell River. The people in the southwest expected the road then controlled by Mr., now Senator Schultz, to pass their dooi> ; and the peo pie in the Northwest expected the Canadian Paci- fic Railway to pass their doors, because the Government in their maps laid down the line of railway they were about to construct as run- ning in that direciion, and the people therefon; settled ther(!. When the work contend, and whi( . they never experienced in Ontario. I would ask the hon. member if he would be satisfied to go back to the old days and travel in a stage coach, because his father did ? If the Grand Trunk had a strike on hand and an election were pending in Cardwell, and the electors were; as anxious as the hon. gentleman for him to visit the con- stituency, would he be satisfied to tak(! a stage coach, because his father in Ontario travelled that way? I think not. We must offer similar advantages in the Northwest to what the Americans offer, and that we are endeavour- ing to do. by opening up the country and making Ifiid laws and regulations to suit set- tlers. PRESS MISREl'UESENTATIONS. A great deal has been said with re- spect to th'j misrepresentations of the press. As •» reformer in the Northwest, I feel very stongly on this subject. I say that the re- form press throughout Ont4ario has misrepre- sented the Nortliwest. I have pointed it out to leading members of the press that they are misrepresenting and doing a great injustice, not only to the country but to the farmer, and that if they iulopted a different course, nine- tentlis of the people in the Northwest would be in thorough accord with the reform party. But they have adopted an entirely ditt'erent course. The Globe, the leading reform news- paper, was one of the very first to advocate the interests of the Northwest, and it pointed out that it had a great future betore it. But a change came over that journal. After the Canadian Pacific Railway contract was passed, some of the paper.s — I will not say all — misrepresented that country. Last winter the London Advertiser, one of the most influ- ential reform papers, started in circulation a report that a whole family in my constitu- ency had been frozen to death. It went into the facts that a blizzard came on, that the family were frozen to death, not possessing i ily ( (ipital KT thirigH there waK )rk, built crop, and go ar.fl ^y did not settler in es lumber Kuse, wire :ricultural iltieK with !t have t'> [perierued I. member to the old ccHuse his id a (Strike ending in mxious as it the con- ik(! a stage ) travelled fferKimilar what the Muleavour- juutry and to suit set- with re- the press, feel very lat the re- misrepre- ited it out it they are injustice, irmer, and rse, nine- est would )rm party, different jrra news- advocate it pointed it. But After the fact was lot say all ist winter lost intlu- irculation constitu- went into tliat the )OBsessing ^ % I any firewood. It mentioned the man' s name and where he came from — in Ontario. A long time elapsed before the truth was found out. The leading reform paper of Mauilolia, the Wiiniipeg Free I'reux, set itself to work with vigour and energy to find out what amount of truth was in the statement. It found out that there was no sucli man in tlie l)art of the constituency to which referenci was made. The man lived in Winnipeg ; he and his family were comfortable ; tliey had never seen a blizzard in their lives ; they liad never suffered from want of wood, and when- ever they required it they went to the market and bought it. I found that thi-; falsehood tra- velled not only through OnUiiio, but when I was in England last summer it was being circulated all over the United King- dom, and was being copied by the press. THK MAN'ITOBA FIIOSTS. The same paper last fall, when the re- j)ort was in circulation that there was very serious damage done by frost in the North- west, took credit to itself for being one of the first to let it be well known that serious damage was done in the Northwest. Tliis report was first started for selfish purposes by the leading grain buyers to make a tew hun- dred thousand dollars from buying grain in the Northwest. It is a falsehood, as far as the amount of damage really done by trost is con- cerned. The report was circulated at first by j the largest grain buyer in the country. It was conceived in greed and brought forth in iniquity, fully clothed and developed and set forth in tlie world by a petty party press. It was first circulated here, and is now being circulated all over England and being repub- lished througli Europe. That journal said : — " One of the rca.sons for a large wheat crop in the Northwest is the slowness with which it matures, but tliis is wholly duo to the fact that the ground freezes to a gfat deptii ; that it takes the Avhole summer to thaw out. The temperature of the soil is therefore kei)t at a very low point througliout the season, and the risk from frost is proportionately tjreater. If your correspf)ndent could prove that tliere ure no greater risks there than here, he would at the sarr e time prove that the produetivenessof the country, as a wheat region, has been grossly exaggerated." I would simply state that the writer's reason- ing is all false. To begin with he says that the frost goes down a great depth in the ground. But it is for that very reason we have an abundant harvest. The experience in Russia, which is the great wheat-growing countrv in Europe, is that when they have very little snow but heav}'^ frost during winter, in the following summer thert! is a heavy wheat crop. The same experience prevails in Min- nesota. In the Northwest, the frost goes down deep, and when Uw hot season ap- proaches the frost is coming out of the ground and sliniulat(;s the growth of the grain, and it is on this account that the growth in the Northwest is moie rapid than in any part of Canada. Sir, the whole aigunn-nt is a fallacy. He goes on to say in ancjther part : — " When our correspondent says that the wlit'at crop of Manltoha and the Northwest will average twi'tity bushels to tlie acre, we l)!'lieve he is altogt.'ttier mistaken. We are cer- tain tliat the winti'r wheat (!rop of tliis west- ern peninsula will not average an.vlliiiig liice ten bushels to th(! acre, and our iiiforinatioii convinces us that the estimate of our corres- pondent is altogether erroneous. One fanner fnun the vicinity of Turtle Mountain informs us that his average this year will he about twelve bushels, and the average beyond the boiiiularles of Manitoba in some plaites is re- porteil as high as twenty, but in others much less. Hut whether believtid to be more or less, is a matter of no eoiiseiiuenco. It eaiinot change the result." What has the average crop of one single fartxi in Turtle Mountain, or the average wheat crop of the western peninsula to df it. T would alfio pivo tho fvidonrc I from Ontario, who ciuuc up to *hnt ronntry (it Scimtdr SmlicilaiMl. who is a native of that wlio owiuti land 10 or fjO niilcHaway Croni tht) countrv, who has lived in it a lit'utinii'. and j Hcd Itivt r— I say T was astonished at their who informed me tliat lie has not seen askinj,' nie the folhAvin^ summer how many dania^'e hy frost for the last thirty years ; and feet of water waH on their land dur- if that is the case, 1 think we can safely say tlie nio mo that so far as any liahility to frost is con- cerned, we share that liability with the rest of Caiuula and a larj^e jKirtion of the T'nited States. UKFK.NDINd MANITOIIA. Now. Sir, there was a statement made in a letter to the (t'/nlif the other day to whicli I ■wish to refer. The writer naid : — "Tlie peojihMUKl rarlianient of ('anatla would do well to consider tlie nict tliut the I HI III lint,' of ' the Pacific Railway is a national speculation] at best. Tlu' Northwest has certainly not yet 1 l)Ocn |)rove(l ,1 country in wliiili iiKriculture j will flourish, fir he more than a most precarl- 1 <,nsocciiiiation. It 1H8'J and 1 MH;i were years f)f normal climate in .Manltoliii, «raiu-t?rowini: ! there Is a lottery with a very lartje (iroportlon of hiiodis. ISefore iiledglufi the credit of the count rv lor ,■?:!."), ()(l(),U(H) more, it would surily he well' to wait tV>r evidence that the frosts of 188:! mid the llood.s of ls8'J did not make them ahnormal years. Mr. Stephen says that his company cim fullll their ent;at;ements, hut if not L'raiited aid now must call a luUt for five years. A halt isjust the tiling that will suit the uencral interest. It cannot hariu any pub- lic iiUerest or any interest that jiarliament can legitimately hetriend, while it will fiiv time to Iciirntlie ti'uth as to the eapahilities of the Korthwcsl hcfore makiiif,' the expenditure of manv millions that shoukl not he ex|)eiided, unless the Northwest will certainly return the money, principal and interest." Now, Sir. that statement is most damnffinK. as ho attirms that suecesslnl agricultural ojieration in the Northwest is still an un- solved problem, and that fjjrain-frrowinp is a lottery with a large jiroportion of blanks. Tills affirmation is not only untrue, but with- out the slightest foundation to support it. With regard to the floods in the Northwest, that is ariotb.er matter which the news- papers have exaggerated to such an extent, that it is wonderful to find that their state- ments are believed by anybody. They had flocKls in Montieal the other day, and to talk about the injiny by floods in the North- west is about the samcthingas to say thatthe floods in Montreal injured the whole of Cana- da, the whole of the Eastern States, and nearly all the Midland States, as far as the Mississippi, and should deter immi- grants from settling in these states. The floods extended over a few tliou- sand acres along the line of the Red River, and were very licjited in extent. I was astonished at meeting some of my friends ing the Red River tloods. Their idea seemed to be that the whole country was cov- ered ; and w hen you take into account tho tact that the portion which was Hooded at that time was but the merest fraction of the whole country, and that even at places a short dis- tance away from Winnipeg, such as I'ortage lii I'rairie, Brandon, &c., the floods were lui- knowii, you will have some idea of the effect of the tioods, and the amount of damage that is likely to be done in the whole cotnitry by similar floods in future. KXI'OSI.SO THK (iLOllE. 'J'he Glohe says again in an editorial arti(de : " What henetr, litis Oidarlo derived thus far from the o[)ening iij) of lh(> Northwest, or what heiiellt is it likely \9 receive '.hat would justify the imposition of l.urdens so heavy upon oiir ])eople'.* \N'e have SCI n the very (lower of the youth of this province allureil to the West l)y what was said of the fertility of lluit region and of its vast resources, and we saw thousands of those you UK men, after much of their means had been wasted, foi'ced to return or driven wholly out of Canada, hy the monstrous regu- lations framed In the interest of speculator and monopolist. We have st'on the value of real estate in this iirovinci' f^reatly reduced because of the out How of tlie jiopulalion," Now. Sir, I maintain that a paper of the standing which the Globe has in Canada, ad- vocating the rejection of these resolutions, and giving as a ri'ason for so doing, that tho yotmg men of Ontario had gone to the North- west, and that, therefore, this i)rovince should not be called upon to do any more for that company, is something like the posititm the New York Herald would occupy if it argued that Congre.ss should not pa.ss any bills in assistance of a line of railway passing through the count'y acrc^ss the Rocky Moini- tains, simply because the young men of New York State, and other States, in the east, had gone to better their condition in Colorado and Wyoming, and that, therefore, it was a dam- age to the country. Another question has been referred to, and that is the colonization companies and the monopoly provisions, as they are called. Here is what the Glube of October 19th say.^ : — " A correspondent of the Globe is quoted ta prove tliat larger (pianties of free lands ready to be boniest eaded have been discovered in Lis- gar, and that there tias been a rush for them. That this discovery is made only now, shows how bad the mauii^jeuient ha.s been. That I ,1 it roil n try ly fiom tlio ['»1 lit their how iniiiiy liiiul (liir- riu'ir idoa ■y wiiH cov- (ouiit the (l(-(l at timt ■ th(! whole Hhort di8. iiH Tortugo s Wert' 1111- tlie t'ft'ect mage tliat :;oimtiy by ial article : i thus far s(, or what mid just I fy upon our WIT of the le West by hat reunion thousands licir means or driven rous regu- speculator ihie of real ed because per of the inada, ad- Kolulions, that the the North- province y more for le i)osition cnpy if it s any hills y passing ky Mouu- jn of New i east, liad lorado and kjis a dam- ustion has )lonization visions, as le Glvbe of quoted to nds ready ired in Lis- lor them, low, shows een. That there woH suoh a rush lor those lauds only provr-s that scttlcriu'iit would have proeeedt-ll more rapidly hatl it not been obstructed by monopoly." ,, lUtiS --- , Now, Sir, with regard to these very lands, I huvt! only to say that the\ have nothing whatever to tlo with the monopoly ; that they are outside of the rail- way belt, and that they are not covered by the colonization companies' giants. I tried my best to settle those lands years au'o, but could not. The people coming in then were deter- mined to rush westward, and nothing could stop them ; they weie bound to get ahead of the construction party on the railway, and when they reached the Rocky Mountains, and then only, did they come to the conclusion that they had better get lands in the eastern part of the Northwest. Then it was that these settlers wisely decided to settle on these lands within forty to fifty miles from Winni- peg. With regard to what was said by the lion, member for Grey, the (ttber evening, that some young men from his part of the country had gone there, and could not get land, I have only to tell him that to-day I can take his friends and place them on as fine land as the sun shines upon within tifty miles of Winni- peg, and that I can place settlers on these lands to the number of hundreds or thousands. The truth is, that I havt; seen people going up there like wandering .Tews, going over as tine land as could be found anywher(>, not once or twice, but live or six times, and they still remain uusatistied, and would not be satisfied even if improved farms were given them. These are tlie kind of men who try to find an El Dorado, who try to get perfect farms. I saw a party of them in the neighbourhood of the Souris Settlement, in as fine a country as there is in the world, searclung amongst thousands of acres of magnificimt country, and still they could get nothing to sr.it them. These same gentlemen have come ii[) there, and they have come back ; and if they ever get to heaven they will not be satisfied to stay there because some of tht choicest seats, m their opinion, are taken up. OUR LIBERAL LAND LAW.S. Another question has arisen with regard to the Northwest. Various newspapers have published articles to show that oui- land laws are not as favourable to settlement as those of the United States. Although some mis- takes have been made, I say that the land laws and regulations are more favourable than those of the United States. The Globe of the 17th of October last says -. — "The riuhlof pre-emption was one of the most elfeeiual means of iiromntlnR settlement In the Western Stales. This was aliollshed l)y statute last year. The etlecl of such abolition must be to discourage srtiiemeiit." Now, Sir, I hold that pre-emption, as it is known in Canada, does not exist in the I'liiteil States. What is called pre-emptimi there is an entirely dilfcrcnt thing from that we have in Canada. I wish to sct- tl(! this matter once for all, because a great deal of discussion has taken place upon it whi( li need not have taken plai'e. 1 will read the laws of the United States on this subject : — " Heatls of families, widows or slii;,'le persons (male or fiMuale) over the a«e oi twenty-oim years, citizens of the Ignited states, or who have declareil their lutentlo:i to become such under tlie naturalization la ".s, may enter upon any ottered or unoffered IukIs, or any unre- served lands to wliich thi' Indian title has been e.xtiniiuislied, and pureiiaM-, not e.xiicediny lOO acres, uniler pre-emption laws." Now, Sir, theie is no such thing as the privilege of getting a |ne-emption alongside of a home- stead. Any man who gets a iirc-eniptioii in the I'uited States cannot get a homestead. The United States law further says : " A pre-emptor may submit proofs of resi- dence at any time after six mouths and obtain title to his land. At any time before expiration of time aiiowetl for proof and paymeiii. the set- tler may convert his pre-einpllon claim Into a liomesteiul. No person who abandons his re- sidence upon lands of his own to reside upon public lands in the same state or territory, or who owns IJ'JO acres of land in the same state oi territory, is t'lititied to tiie beuetils of the pre-emption laws. The latter provision does not apply to a house and lot in town." Now, Sir, what is the meaning of this law ? That if any man wishes to take up land in the United States he can do so, and he can get that laiul in one year as a pre-emption by paying for it ; but he must not own 1520 acres in his own right, and, moreover, he cannot leave his homestead and take up a pre-emp- tion, for a homesteader must live on his homestead, and a pre-emptor must live on I his pre-emi)tion. Therefore nonii;iulation — and supposing that each one cultivated HO acres, yielding twenty busliols an acre, that would give IGO, 000, 000 buhhols. If we cannot do this in seven years wo can do it in twelve, for there is certain to be more than 100,000 there then. Take the wheat grown in India. It is not ten years ago sinc<. wheat was be- gun to be exported from that country. In 1H75, 1,.')00,000 liushels were exported from India to England ; last year 35,000,000 bushels were exported. From the American continent tJie ex|)ortati(m last year was about 7.'),000,000, making a total of 110,000,000 from India and the whole Aaierican conti- nent. I am satisfied that under favourable circumsUinces and with the progress our Northwest is making, we will be able in twenty years at furthest to send as much wheat to Europe as was sent from the whole American continent and India in the past season. This means that the Canadian Pacific Railway will not be able to do the work in a few years, and before long they will be build- ing a double track from Winnipeg to Port Arthur ; in five years they will have more trade than they can carry, and it is im- portant that other outlets for the carrying trade should bo provided, for the growing trade of the Northwest is not confined to wheat alone. OTHER UESOUnCES. We have a large cattle trade in th© ranches of the west to develop, and lumber trade, and the minerals and mine to be developed, which will furnish a large amount of traffic. Next sea- son, I am satisfied we shall have 10,000 men prospecting in the Rocky Moun tains and opening up new avenixes of trade Look also at our large coal fields. In one section of land alone there are 11,000,000 tons. And when I say that we have thous- ands of those sections, you will be able to .a some idea of the vast amount of coal in region. The lumber and coal trade will furnish a large traffit foi the railway, and those i)rodiictK will bo nil sorU to the oastern and middle parts of tho territory, while the cattle will bo Hont to Eastern Canada. OTIIKll OI'TLKTS. In view of tho rapid dovolopmont that is going tt) take piuco in tho Nortiiwest, it is mor(! necot.sary to tlio people of Eastern Canada that the roal is part of > . only now ' spiration ■■) us, and b ' we hope , begin to dour. I power oi a mighty future, will be felt and Eastern Canada that when that day power is felt by Oncq going t in that farmer Canada and the rest of the n Canada will take pride recognize the fact that it e common heritage We are inning to feel the dawn of in- ur tuturc greatness coming over ' 1 it rises into meridian spb idour, i people of Eastern Canada will I some faint streaks of that splen- . pe and trust they will. COST OV TRANSPORTATION. lion that comes home to us is, what is c the cost of transportation of grain iintry ? Is it to be so cheap that the i the Northwest can make a living ? 11 that curing t would rot r ; and that it is the case irn slope of ds down to t do not un- i that coun- I part of the nk I have e best parts id so much as in the ountry that in Pacific that vast 10 people of not com- ! in eastern ream about, em to think est because ly know no e clear and ey have of ^hey have a ey must go re they can lat coun- /aried, that have not tuation and for us. In swaddling rhaps, but a mighty 11 be felt vn Canada that day felt by st of the take pride that it We are awn of in- )miiia: over spli idour, lanada will that splen- iB is, what is ion of grain ;ap that the :e a living ? If not, then the country is a failure, and the Canadian Pacific Railway is a failure also. I find that the Canadian Pacific Railway Com- pany will be able to take grain from Winni- peg to Montreal, wta Port Arthur, for 25 cents a bushel at most. Take grain in Chicago. It takes about 9 cents — 8c to 9c — a bushel, take it year after year, to bring grain fr6m Chicago to Montreal. Now, the grain in the Northwest, our hard wheat in the Northwest, is worth about 1 cents a bushel more than the grain in Chicago, showing that they have only a few cents the advantage over us in the wheat-growing trade of our country in the future. Take the prices to-day in the Winni- peg market. First-class grain that has not suffered from fr»st is only 1 3 cents a bushel less than wheat sold in Chicago. If that is the price to-day, if the Canadian Pacific Rail- way sees fit m their wisdom — and I believe they will — to build large ele- vators for the storage of grain at Port Arthur, elevators which will store millions and millions of bushels, to bring it down in the winter time and store it and send it on by lake boats in the summer, I feal satisfied that grain can be taken in that way from Winnipeg to Montreal nearly as cheaply as it can be taken from Chicago to the same port, taking into account the superior quality of our grain. Thus, I believe, that tho farmers in the North- west, if they get over their present troubles, if they get upon their feet again, and the Ca- nadian Pacific Railway Company acts with wisdom in regard to that country and in pre- paring proper elevators for the storage of grain, have a bright future in store for them, even if no other railways were built in the near future. IMPORTANCE OF C. P. R. TO DOMINION. The opening of the line north of Lake Superior is very important to the people of Ontario. By that line grain urgently re- quired by eastern millers will be conveyed, and a large share of the implements required by Nortliwest farmers purchased in Eastern Canada will go over this line be- fore the opening of navigation, and the amount of passenger traflic will be very large. A great many people have said we are building this road for the Northwest. We are doing nothing of the kind. The people in Winnipeg are satisfied even if the money is not to be spent there. Not one dollar of that money is to be spent there, but mos*^ of it on the line east of Port Arthur, in the Province of Ontario and the Province of Quebec, or at least, it will filter through those channels. We may get some of the money spent in the Rocky Mountains. Judg- ing from the past, it will be only a small por- tion of the money spent on construction, that will be spent in Winnipeg. But it is not for the people of Winnipeg, but for the people of Canada that that road is to be built. In the Province of Ontario, the railway is opening up and developing 8,000,000 of acres of ara- ble land along the line. We in Winnipeg do not grumble at that. We only hope it will open up 80,000,000 of acres of arable land., and so make it more successful than it other- wise would be. THE N. p. AND DISALLOWANCE. We have been bearing our fair share of the burdens of the country. We went into confederation knowing we should have to bear our full share of those burdens. We are prepared to do so. We have paid more per capita than the rest of the people of Canada. We have put up with the national policy, and this is the first year we have ever grumbled, because the people of the North- west believed that in the interests of Canada, the national policy was necessary, in view of the vast expenditure of money which was go- ing on, and they were getting their fair share of it. As all the rest of Canada believed, in its wisdom, that the national policy should be passed, we did not complain, though we were the principal suflerers. The farmers of the Northwest were buying their implements, but they did not complain. The increase in duty was made last year and the result was that the farmers, who were suffering from other causes, who were suf- suffering as well from severe frosts, found the duty a grievous burden, in their opinion, and it is only now they are beginning to complain, and wish the duty thrown ofi. We are prepared to take our fair share of resi^onsibility in connection with the building of the Canadian Pacific Railway, and we ar-^ not so interested as some people in Eastern Canada imagine. A great deal has been said about the monopoly clause in the charter. That is not so important to the people of the Northwest as some think. The monojioly clause does not affect the old Province of Manitoba, which was exempted from the operation of that clause. This is held by the company, by the Government, and we hold it in the Local Legislature. But the Government considered it for the best in- terests of the country, and saw fit in their 12 wisdom to cancel some of these charters. But if you struck out the monopoly clause it would not make the position for Manitoba any better, because the Government could still exercise the power they have under the British North America Act, to cancel any charters connecting our country with the other Provinces, or with the United States. To do away with the monopoly clause would be of no benefit whatever, unless we had an assurance from the Government that they would never exercise that right again. But there is only one line of railway outside of the proposed Hudson Bay Railway that can at all begin to compete with the Canadian Pa- cific Railway, and that is a railway that would come down to Duluth and reach the nearest port where vessels can be leaded with grain. Therefore, I do not think the interests of Manitoba are so much affected that the monopoly clause should be struck out, because the Government can still exercise the power under the British North America Act. NECESSITY OF AIDING C. P. R. Now. what would be the conse- quences of rejecting these Resolutions ? The consequence would be a general paralysis and stagnation of business all through the Northwest. To-day there are millions of mo- ney in England ready for investment in Ca- nada, but capitalists there are waiting to see what we are going to do with these Resolu- tions and watching the coming season in the Northwest. In the past, English capitalists have invested in Canadian securities only to a small extent — except Government securities. They have invested in Grand Trunk securi- ties, and we all know the result. They were dissatisfied ; it is not a paying security ; and the consequence is that English capitalists have been disinclined to invest in Canadian securities. They prefer to send their money to India, Australia, New Zealand and the United States. If you go to London you ' .11 find a great many business houses exclusively engaged in financial operations in these coun- tries I have mentioned, but very few engaged in similar operations with Canada. But to- make tlic country his home, and a livli- hood for himself and family by honest industry expressed himscjlfas perfectly satisfied, and as having no wish to go back to {;)ntario. I did find a few growlers — where did I find them? About the piazzas, bar-rooms and read- ing-rooms of the hotels; and I will venture the wager that 95 per cent, of the growlers were this class of men. (Cheers.) True, my i)rofessional friend from Grey (Mr. Landerkiu) the other night, gave an instance of one or two of the supporters of the hon. gentleman, now leading the goverment, going out to that country and not finding where to place their feet. They could not find a spot in all Monitoba, in which to-day there are more than 15,000,000 acres of unoccupied lands, while west of the boundary line of that pro- vince there is a country capable of supporting •25,000,000 or 30,000,000, without involving any denser population than we have in On- tario. And yet these informants of my hon. friend, these strange kind of tories, could not I Id find where to lay their heads in. (Hoar, I hoar.) T ciunn across one or two men who said they had always heen efniscrvatives and voted with tiie conservative party, that went up to that country and were disratistied ; on iiKpiiry, T found that tliey expected something,' from tiit; otlicers of the de- partment, contrary to tlie expressed sta- tute, and did not get it. (Hear, liear. ) The law was achninistered so fairly and properly in tlie interest of tlm actual settler that these men had to comi; hack without succeeding in tlieir ohject. Many of tliese men were unsuccessful business men — unsuccess- ful newspaper nuMi — or, perhaps, tluire was some chap who had been unsuccessful in run- ning an election, and who thought that if he went up there and selected a valuable pro- perty, he could get it in some way by bulldo/ing the government, and immediately realize a handsome sum and return hom(; in a tew months pecuniarly happy. These were the kind of men wiio said they were tories, and who growled. (Cheers.) These were the only class of men whom I found there growling. THK LAND REHULATI0N8. I a.sked: ''Well, what is the matter?" " t)h, it is the land regulations." "Well, what do you objisct to in them?" "Oh," they say, " it is tlie land regulations." Now as to the land regulations, their advantages were explained so fairly and so fully the other night by the hon. member for Lisgar, that it is unnecessary for me to make any long refer- ence to them. But I feel that our land regu- lations are so liberal, so generous, and so in- viting, compared with those prevailing in Dakota and other western states, that I cannot refrain from mentioning a few of their features. Hon. gentlemen know that on«i of the first things that meets a Ciinadian or any other man who goes to settle in Dakota or Minnesota, is the oath of allegiance, especially against Great Britain. (Hear, hear.) Do we impose any such conditions upon any one who goes to our Northwest? No, we say ; you give us your citizenship for three years, and we will give you oui land ; the American term of resi- dence is five years. They exact continuous residence, with us only six months in each year of the three years is required, a special iuivantage to yoimg men without means. And with reference to pre-emptions, no settler in Dakota can get a pre-emption until he gets a certifirate of his homestead, that is, has ful- filled his full year's occupancy and performed the statutary improvements. Th. result is, th.it h(! is then often obliged to locate liis pre- emption ;u) or 10 miles away from his home- utei d, thus separating his family by long dis- tai'.ces a great source of inconvenience which iK'ed not occur under our system. (Cheers.) In oiu' Northwest, the moment a man makes his hom»:.-^teae obst met ions and it attraeted many of luir people; heiiee tlie settlement of Canadians in the noilhwesteni States. I know many ol' these old men were stroni;' in their iillei;i;inee to to Ihitish insti- tntions, but ihey went there for the saUo of jtei'imiarily beuelitinij. tlieinsi'lvesaiul families, .nid they livid and died Hiilish subjects. 1 know some lo-day who lu vei went to poll a vote; though their sons voted, they did not. (Hear, liear.) What 1 want to point uut is this, that the youni;- people of to-day are just as stronu in thtir attachment to Caiwula as tlu>se old men to whom ] ri'fer ; and when we have a eoiintry n.ore extensive and as ac- cessible, and more fertile to otter to these ])ei)ple, we will not have many more of these American settlements, ]irovi iil)()iit the I till- i'lVrctrt )(! (lifruiilt to I those pt'o- s coiufortiiltle Uut it liiis iintry, tliat pt'iictmtes iiul tliaws out food nK'iiU'iits flow upon it, to the store HI ajjiii'ultur- as you ap- lu! north, even )ta, where tlie a great dejith, thwest, fi«jni us \oni; as the ry would pre- )roduc'tion, for does not i)eue- sub-soilinghas ■ plants do not not been loos- state that the lenetrate into et in searcli of nderstood the us production and thawing lost important lumer without the 13ri isli for themselvi^s ,t southern see- n under culti- s eause, is not through new will preserve at uiuler enlti- tated for many it a miieh less ur neighbours, led for a much 21 CHAUACTKlt OK TIIK (iilAlN. 'I'here is anotlier feature to which \ liiaw at- tention. Every iion. geiitleman who has paid attention to tiie /one ludts of (iu- earth in which food ct^reals are produced, knows that it is in the north temperate zones Ihdt nearly all the grains are grown, and the nearer the nortiiern limit of that belt in which grain is matured peitectly, the better is the i|iiality of the grain. What I wish to illuNtiatt? liy this is tliat we, having to-day in the North- west Territories, a larger area of the northern Ifiiipciate wiieat-producing belt, lit for culti- vation than any people in the world, when we get a fair proportion under cultivation, we will pro\n' to do, and 1 state what I know is a matter of fact, when 1 say that wheat near our own boundary in northern Dakota is more valuable than that grown further south. Why is that ? Simply because the grain is of a better (juality — it is what is techni(,'ally tailed, by millers, of a llinty character, and, when ground, will jirodiice more flour, and is also used to mix with the softer grains grown in the southern wlieal belt. (Hear, hear.) In the southern belt, the same wheat cannot be grown more than three years successively, because it so softens that the germinating proijcrties are lost and half the seeds will not sprout. A large quantity of our wheat, even as early as three jears ago, was taken down to that region for seed wheat, as the lion, member for Mar- i|iiette well knows. The ultimate resu!^ of this will be that when our country is fairly under cultivation, when it has a population of (iv(!, six or eight millions, its [uoduniera will be so great that when exported either by tlie Hudson's Bay route, hy the Canadian I'a- ( itic Hallway or Port Arthur, I care not which, and launched on the Liverpool markets, those who schedule the breadstulfs and make lip the prices for the season will not only ask how much is the production in England, in Russia, or in India or the United States, )ut the great (question will be what will be the expf)rt from Canada ? (Cheers. ) The ju'o- duction of Canada will regulate the prices of the bread markets of the world. This question has been dealt with so long and so variedly and hy so many lion. h ntlemen in the house, who have many years ago made their maiden speech, that there is verly little left for me to say, and I feel that my remarks will have perhaps less interest than they mi;;ht have had at an earlic.' date. (Cries of go oil, goon.) Hut th<'re is one thing, in speaking of the ((iiintiy west for settlement, wliieh 1 think is very important, aiultlie reason I meiiljoii it is that in reading, as 1 always do, carefully the reports of the geological surveys. I lind no mention is made of it, luw is it mentioned by any Kurveyor or others who have travelbd through the coun- try, as far lis my iiifoiniation goes. I think, therefore, that I am perfectly Justilied in drawing attention to the tact that in the ex- tremi- Northwest building material will be so cheap thai the difticiilty mentioned by the member for .Marquette with refenaice to Imild- ing timber will be easily remedied. So on this (piestion 1 also (piite disagivt! with him. 1 am satisfied — 1 know it — that rilK CUKAl'KST HLiI-l)lN(i .MATKUIAT/, of the most durable and beautiful ipiality that exists on this continent, exists in that North- west Territory. I referreil a few minutes ago to the large deposists of almost pure clay. Thost! beds art; the deposits of the (lisintegra- tion of the hill rocks, long before tht; country was settled, anyway, by its present in- habitants (laughter), and the lime which the rocks contained has been carrit'd otV while held in solution. The clay, almost pure, is dejiosited — and I refer especially to the coal regions — in immense beds over the coal. The only substance that these clay beds contain, aside from the clay, is a silicate .sand which is insoluble in water. What drew my attention to this was, that I saw at various places on the river banks, natural brickkilns, burnt and almost ready 1\ . tla; carter, of acres and acres in extent, it came about in this way. The deposits were made over the coal beds by the action of water. In the course of time, ravines have been formed and cut through the coal beds. Eventually the grass grew over the ravines, and, by some accidents in prairie fires, the coal caught tire, and c(mtinued back for acres under tin; surface, converting tho whole super- incumbent mass, from 150 to 20(J feet, into one mass of beautiful brick. (Hear, hear.) It is to the OIIARACTEK OP THE BRICK that I wisli to draw the attention of the liwuse to at this point. It is a brick formed from the clay, entirely devoid of lime, containing a silicate sand. In burning, after mixture, there is no expansion from particles of lime. The brick is almost '1! 22 pcifortly conipivt. It is a RilirloiiR brirk. It in ji rnidi' kIuss, iiii|Hivi(iiiH to wiitrr, iind iiliijosl, iii(it'slriiitil)l«' by iitmosiilii'.ic iii- lliicriic. I fotiiid IiIocUh in tlic Suskulclicwati iiiid ill tlx' lw Ui\ci-, iiiid 11(11 til in tlir Uni Deer KiviT, wliii'li iiiiis) Imvc lain tlirrc, pri-- liups, lorn (iioiisiiiid vi'iirs^wiiiTc tlify liiid fal- len otV, liy the action of wiitiTiind woiitlicr, into tin- livi'is. 'I'aliiii^,' tlicni up and iin-akiiif; tlii'in witli niy liat( lict, I fniind llicy writ? pcift'ctiy dry inside, 'I'aiiini,' up or- dinary linu'Stoni) pol>l>It'sand sinaHliiiif,' them, I could Hot; (evidence of poro- Hily and ninisdin! there, conviiieiiiK' me tlia( tlial l)ri( k was more iin|i('rvioUs to wafer than our blue linitistonc. I found, wlierotlicy liad drifted down tin river for many miles, tlicy were ns sniootii as any slate I ever saw having l»een polished l)y the action ot tlie water. So much witli referenco to tlu! biiildinj,' material. 'I'iiere i.s a warcity of wood, it is true, and trans|)ort will Cost some- thinjj:, but in tliat <()untiy yon tind tlie clay alinoHt everywhere overlyiiif^ the material for convert iiif,' it into brick — the coal beds — yon tind it over the wiiob! country. 'I'liis clay may b(f mouhh'd into any form rccpiired for the construction of beautiful and sub- stantial ediliccK, pillars, corners, lintels, moiildinj^s, itc, and converted into inde- striutihh^ brick on the spot by tlie coal that is always fiiund underlaying these tlay deposits. There is another feature, that, when burnt, this biick may be polished, because it is so compac.t, and I saw thousands of evidences of its capability of being polished from the action of the water, as I mentioned bef(a'e. That is iKit all, but these clay beds vary from 25 to !'>() feet, which were deposited ut several spaces of time, and are of ditTeront colours, the colour liaving been given, no doubt, by the character of the vegetal)lo growth of the count y at the time the deposit was made, and the colour fixed by the silic acid in tlu; sand, which, I think ilu! hon. the minister of linance, from ) i.j knowledge of chemistry, knows tliis is the acid that ti.ves all vegetable dy(;s. There you find, in one stratum, a clay which makes a beautiful garnet rod brick ; in tlie next, a nice brown ; then a beautiful golden yel- hiw ; and, at the tup, a snow while. (Hear, hear.) There is the material and the charac- ter and the profuseness of this supi)ly. I am satislied that when the country comes to be settled, the towns and villages there will be the handsomest, the most (hnable, and the chfftpnst that wttre ever con- striicled on this continent, and that wc will have ornamental biiildingH of material much more beautiful, becaiistt it i.ikesa better polish, as ind<-structibh! as the New York brown stone, and at much less cost to the producer than the ordinary limestone rubbl(( wall of Ottawa. So miHih as to the building material. VKdrtTAIILK I'UODUCTIO.NS. I have given my vii^w of the watiM' and tlu* fuel, and have stated my opinion as to the Soil and building material. 1 visit(>d the In- dian and other farms and saw the re- sults In wheat, barley, pease and oats. Let me detain you a moment longer. TIk* baripy of the Northwest region will be the sebict barley of this continent. During the time of its grain matiirition,llie atmosphere is dry and clear,aiid such a thing as a bag of brown barley will never be produced. And, if my friends from (.Quebec will not take olfence, I will say thit, as for pease, the region is unsurpassed on this continent. I plucked peas(!, whole bundles of them, six miles south of Calgary, when 1 could count the pease in the pod 20 feet from the* fence I was standing at. I forget to mention as to the vegetables. I mysidf plucked and pulled cabbages, earrott^, turnips and beets on the 7th August, seven miles south of Calgary, took them on the buckboard to my tent, had them cooked and ate them, and ci • thus speak for the quality of them. I found one garden which would astonish some hon. gentlemen here, containing 15,000 heads of cabbage, and there is not a liead in this house as largt; as any of them. (Laughter.) THE RESOIiUTIONS llEPOKB THE HOUSE. Just one word in conclusion as to the reso- lutions. As having had the honour of a seat in the house tor a number of years, I think I am able to read between the lines, and to un- derstand the cause of the opposition to these resolutions. If my memory serves me aright, and I think it does, I have heard it stated by hon. gentlemen opposite in this house — or if not in liie house, in the vicinity of it — that all the money capacity of 4,500,000 Canadians, backed by the endorsation of Great Britain, could not build tliat road in the ten years specified in the original contract. Now, we have almost indubitable evidence that within half the specified time the road will be constructed. And by wiiom ? Under whose auspices ? By the conservative party. Hence the feeling of antipathy. Is that 2;j ever coli- illld lllllt; )uil(linKH «>f 1, Ix'ciiiiKc it ictiblt' ii« ll"' it imuli ICHH the onliimvy ni. So miK'li. INH. WIlttM' lllld tlu' ion us to the kriHitnl Uif In- Kiiw till! ru- nt I oats. Let The barley II 1)(( tlin Hi'lect iiifj; the tiin(( of ihcre is dry and Dlhrowii barley 1, it my friends nee, Iwlll say is nnsurpassiid d peases whole ,th of ('alf?ary, I in the pod '20 inj^at. I forget jles. I myself carrotti, turnips t, seven miles L the backboard and ate them, flityofthem. I astonish some ig 15,000 heads a head in this (Laughter.) MIK HOUSE. iis to the reso- Jonour of a seat y^ears, I think I lines, and to un- losition to these Ijives me aright, Ld it stated by [is house — or if ly of it — that all loco Canadians, If Great BriUiin, in the ten ,'inal contract. Stable evidence i time the road [whom? Under lervative party, ithy. Is that feeling patrinUe ; is it stafesmiinlike? "So. I must suy that it would, perhaps, liiiv<> I n bett(!r If there had been no neiM'ssity for making this loan. It would have been better if (in MiniKtuut'es had not pliiccd tin- idnipiiiiy in H i)OHition that obliged tlicni to ask for this loan, liut since they have come baik ti) us and have p'ainly, distinctly, and, I have a right to assinne, honestly iiml fairly, laid be- fiire the government, and iliegovi-riiment be- fore the houKe, the caust! of the ditli- ciilly, r think they are entitled to favourable consideration. I look at the matter, not from a Canadian I'acitic lluilway standpoint, not from a |iartisan standpoint, but from a broad national standpoint. Whatever (piestion ther(! may hav(( biien under the old contract as to the security otlered for tlu- per- tbrmanco of the work, this new arrangement makes it iiilinitely better. So that on the ground of security, my mind is perfectly clear. IMPOUTANCK OF" EAIIIA' CONHTHUCTION. As to the object to be attained by the earlX constructiim, I an) equally clear. It is well known to every lion, gentleman in this house that both the Canadian racitic Uail- way Company and the Canadian (rovern- mont, ihrough the Minister of Agriculture, have advertised in ev(a-y country in Euiope, T believe in almost every language spoken in Europe, in a manner and with a profuse- ness that has never been done before. The re- sult is that wc arc attracting to-day the atti-n- tionof the people at a specially opportune sea- son in Europe in our end(uivour to procure im- migrants. It is well known to eveiyone who reads the newsjiapers that ther(i arct social commotions in all the over-crowded districts ill Europe, such commotions as never existed before, — land difficulties in Ireland, and land difficulties in Scotland, too ; Communism in Germany and Nihilism in llussia. These people are looking for some escape, for som<' coiiii- try where tiny can go and reap the reward of their labour. NVe have ho adrertiscd the country, we have so directed allentioii to it, that the earlier we ;,'ive tlieina lliroiigh Cana- dian route, uiKinliarraHsed and unobstructed by rival land a;,'eiits, or liin