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Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film6s A des taux de reduction diffArents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clichA, il est film* A partir de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite. et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. ita ure. ] 1 1 2 3 t 1 , 2 3 4 5 6 ■•iM FI Objests a Finance Division c Life at th< Indian Mi Eflucation Extracts : In Englc Examinati verts . FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE COLUMBIA MISSION FOR THE YEAR 1863. CONTEI'TTS. Objeats and Origin of the Mission- Finance 3 Division of the Diocese 5 Life at the Gold Fields 6 Indian Mission 7 Kducation 9 Extracts from Speeches of the Bishop in England 11 Examination Answers of Indian Con- verts 27 Visit of the Rev. R. J. Dumlas to Metla- Katla 34 Baptism of Fifty-two Indians .... 40 Children's Help to Missions .... 43 Future Endowment 44 List of the Missionary Body .... 47 Home Organization 48 Fonn of Bequest 48 rontributions where received .... 48 Audited Balance Sheet, 1803 .... 49 SOLD FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE MISSION. LONDON: RIVINGTONS, WATERLOO PLACE. 18G4. riavL ONE SHILLING. C O N T E N T S. PAGE REPORT. Origin and Objects of the Mission— Finance— Special Appeal— Encouragement— Neces- sity for the Fund— Division of the Diocese— Governor Ctymour's Opinion .... 3—5 MINISTERIAL LIFE AT THE GOLD FIELDS. COLUMBIA. DUBeulties and Encouragenients— Variety of Character 6-7 INDIAN MISSION. VANCOUVER. The Two Hearts— Shall the English Church or the French Romanists have the Hearts of theiJritishNorth American Indians? 7-0 EDUCATION. The Collegiate Schools, Victoria- Girls' Collegiate School 9—10 EXTRACTS FROM SPEECHES DELIVERED IN ENGLAND. The Climate and Prospects of the Country — Its Gold Fields— Other Resources of the Country— The Population— Characteristics of the Population— The Gold Miners, In- telligent and Generous— Assistance in the Colony - Travelling Life of the Clergy — Fading away of Native Races— Liquor Traffic with Indians— Tlie Indians and the Hudson's Bay Company— Indian Superstitions— The Spirit-Man— Intelligence of the Indians — Their Anxiety for Instruction The Bishop and the Indian Chief— An Indian Chief's Difficulty — Yearnings for Christian Instruction — The Planting of Christianity among the Tsimpsean Indians— Arrival of the Bishop amongst them — A Murderer Delivers himself up — Indians Waiting to be Examined— Visit of the Bishop to the Indian Fishing-Ground— Heathen and Christian Fishermen .... 11 — 26 INDIAN CONVERTS OF METLA-KATLA. Examination-Answers previous to Baptism 27—33 VISIT OF REV. R. J. DUNDA8 TO METLA-KATLA. Arrival — Indian Cliildren at School — Sunday S'^r.ice of Indians— The Medicine Work and Sorcery — Paul Legale and his Family — Cr.uuidates for Baptism — Examination of Candidates for Baptism— Answers of Converts— Baptism of Fifty-two Indians by the Rev. R. J. Dundas- Baptism of Indian Cliildren— The Old Village Site- School Festival— Singing and Tale-Telling -Wedding Feast — Taking Leave of the Christian Village 34—43 CHILDREN'S HELP TO MISSIONS. A Child's Offering -A Child's Prayer . 43 44 FUTURE ENDOWMENT OF THE CHURCH. A Plan Proposed— Loan Plan 44-45 Conclusion 46 List of the Missionaky Bodt 47 Home Organization — Form of Request 4S VuDiTED Balance Sheet 40 PAGE 3—5 6-7 r-o 9-10 11—26 34-43 K E P II '\\ . 43 44 . 44-45 46 47 4S 40 ORIGIN AND OBJECTS OF THE MISSION. The Columbia Mission was founded in 1859 by the muni- ficence of Miss Burdett Coutts, who provided the endowment for a Bishop and two Archdeacons. The object is to plant the National Church of England in the two Colonies of Vancouver and Columbia from their commencemont, by rendering assistance to the support of Clergy, Catechists, and Teachers, and the various machinery of Churches, Schools, and Mission-work amongst the European, Chinese, African, and Native North American Indian population. FINANCE. It will be seen from the balance-sheet that the contributions to the Mission for 1863 were 6,777/. Os. 7c?., the expenses, 444/. 18s. Od. In the previous year the contributions were 3007/. 8s. lid., the expenses, 711/. Is. lOr/. It is satisfactoiy, therefore, to report that while the receipts have more than doubled, the expenses are reduced by more than a third. SPECIAIi APPEAL. The five years' subscriptions, as promised on the Bishop of Columbia's personal canvass in 1859, being now paid up, and the Donation Fund exhausted, it has become necessary to make a fresh appeal. About 4,000/. of the sum collected in 18C3 may be considered as a result of this. The Bishop has continued his canvass in 1864, having attended meetings and preached up to the date of this report (July), by whicii information has been supplied and interest awakened in the subject of missionary exertion in general, and of this Mission in particular. It is to 1)6 hoped that this labour may produce for the Church in Colum- bia and Vancouver not less support than resulted in 1859, viz. 10,000/. in donations, and 3,000/. a year annual income. • -•■ ENCOURAGEMENT. Those friends who have aided this effort to plant the English . Church in a British American province, are not without grounds for encouragement in the results so far accomplished. By this Mission Fund the clergy sent out were multiplied threefold. Without it the planting of Christianitv amongst the A 2 4 REl'OltT. colonists would have been a failure. WitJi it we may thank God for imparting to the work a good prestige of efficiency and success. It has enabled the Bishop to obtain the assistance of superior and earnest clergy, who have steadily gained the respect of a very mixed population. The Church of England has taken her proper place at the earliest stage of the colony, and estab- lished a claim upon the good feeling of the people by her timely and efficient attention to their spiritual wants. It may almost be said that no one throughout the length and breadth of the land has been without some opportunity of the means of grace. Sound and useful education has been promoted, and already two congregations maintain their clergy and all expenses of worship, while others have begun to do so in part. The Indian Mission, small though the work has been compared with the call, has not been without fruits. NECESSITY FOR THE FUND. While every effort will be made to draw out the resources of the colonists, it is indispensable for the maintenance of the Mission at the present period, that the amount of support from home be not less than hitherto. The Church Missionary Society has been able to add only one additional catechist, making in all one clergyman and two catechists supported by that Society. The Propagation of the Gospel Society has been obliged to reduce their grant to 1,100/. and to promise its continuance only for one year and a half, while a condition of the grjint is that no missionary receive from it more than 100/. a year. The Society s grant, therefore, cannot he touched, unless there is a Special Fund to meet it. The case may be different with older colonies, but in the Diocese of Columbia at so early a stage, with an unsettled and alien population, high rate of food in some districts, with no State aid, as in Australia, a large deficiency in the income of the clergy must be met from an external source, while the maintenance of missionaries to the heathen must be for the present entirely provided from home. For the support of twenty clergy (being five additional) seven catechists and teachers, for education, churches, parsonages, pas- sages, outfits, &CQ.., after deducting contributions of the two above- named Societies, and what may be reasonably expected from the Colonists, about 5,000/. a year remains to be provided by the Columbia Mission Fund. Yet in addition to this there are urgent openings for fifteen clergy and eight catechists. It is earnestly hoped funds will enable some of these pressing calls to be met by the employment of additional labourers. Will none who read these lines volunteer for this important service of God, in a healthful mission field ? Will no one say, Here am I, send me? ' DIVISION OF THE DIOCESE, 5 DIVISION OF THE DIOCESE — GOVERNOR SEYMOUR'S OPINION. to The Bishop hoped on his return to England, to have furthered the division of the Diocese, but he has not seen his way to press the subject. Nothing has proved so effectual to cause increase of clergy and means in any colonial district, as the establishment of the Episcopate. A permanency is imparted to the work, which gives confidence to all concerned. A leader of experience is secured, who brings helpers with him. More local aid is called forth. The young Church is fostered in its early stages with more constant care and oversight. Not having to be away for many months on long journeys over a vast and widespread diocese, the Bishop can bestow more attention upon central religious objects in the chief town, where he resides. A subdivision of British Columbia and Vancouver is required on account both of their exteiit and rivalry. They are as large; as France and England. They have never drawn willingly together. The Imperial Government have recently yielded to this feeling, and sent out two governors in place of one, with entirely separate administration. The difficulty of uniting the two colonies in one diocesan action will be greater than before. In whichever of the two is fixed the Episcopal seat, an alienation of feeling in the other will be the consequence. The best in- terests of religion, as well as good policy, will be served by yielding to the colonial feeling, and by gathering up all sjTupa- thies in a division of the Diocese. Governor Seymour, in his address to the Legislative Council of British Columbia on the 8th of April, 1864, thus speaks of the importance of separate administration of the two colonies : — " And now I must notice your resolution of yesterday's date : protesting against any union with the Colony of Vancouver, T shall forward that resolution to his Grace the Secretary of State, and strongly express my opinion that British Columbia has grown too large for a return to the old system to be possible. Whether union under other conditions might hereafter be acceptable, I am at present unable to say. I would however observe, that from my short experience I am inclined to think that an efficient administration of tlie affairs of British Columbia alone would be enough to require the whole attention of a (.4overnor." Vancouver and Columbia beir g distinct colonies, with two Governors, should now have also their two Bishops. The foster- ing and organization of the Church, and the religious welfare of the people, are at least as important as the secular interests of the State. No time should be lost. The following step has been taken. At a meeting of the Colonial Bishoprics Council, 6 MINISTERIAL LIFE AT THE GOLD FIELDS. July 15, 1864, the Arclibisliop of Canterbury in tlie chair, it was resolved — "That the Council record their conviction of the importance of separating Vancouver's Island from the Diocese of Columbia, and erecting it into a separate Bishopric as soon as the necessary fund for its endowment can be provided." Is there no one, who reads this, to whom God has given the power, willing to respond to the call, and by a noble offering fix deep for all time the roots of the Church of God in that rising British province ? m CO It mi{ troub MINISTERIAL LIFE AT THE GOLD FIELDS. COLUMBIA. DIFFICULTIES AND ENCOURAGEMENTS. During the season last year, three of the clergy resided in the gold fields of Cariboo ; Messrs. Sheepshanks, Brown, and Knipe. The attendance upon the service on the whole was better than formerly. Mr. Sheepshanks writes, "As regards our congregations, they ho^'e been fair everywhere, and improving ; excellent at Richfield, in fact, three times as large as anywhere else." How difficult and anxious the work is sometimes may be seen by an extract from a letter from the Eev. C. L. Brown.* " I lived at Camerontown, in a smaU shanty some six by eight feet. It was so situated that the creek occasionally overflowed into it, and I have gone home of a Sunday night to find it full of water, with the planks of the floor, stools, pans, &c. aU floating about in a lively manner. " The mass of the people (with the exception of a respectable muster of Canadians) were reckless and ungodly. One evening I got a man to ring the bell for me for service, while I went round inviting men to attend. Going into one of the saloons, which was crowded with noisy gamblers, I called out that there was a bell ringing outside, in iiiso they did not hear it for the noise. Dead silence ; the majority had their backs to me, being gathered round the gambling tables, and didn't know my voice. That beU, I went on to say, was ringing to invite them to come to service. Whereon a din ensued, like Pandemonium let loose, and amid various rude observations, 'Take a drink,' &c. I made a hasty retreat. " One forenoon at Middleton no one came to service, and after Avaiting some time in great distress of mind, something of the spirit of the old prophets seemed to come upon me, so I got up and carried out a box * Author of the Goveijuuonl Prize? Ebsay on Brili«h Columbia. iDS. INDIAN MISSION. 7 iiiid put it at the corner of Hie principal saloon, ami mounting it de- clainierl against them, more peiliapsin the spirit of Mt»ses tlian of Christ. I finished by saying I did not know whether T had clone right or not in coming out to them that way. It might be I had not done rig]\t. It might be the will of God that since they did not choose to take the trouble to come and hear the Gospel, but preferred remaining in their sins, and following their lusts, they shoidd go without snlvation and bo lost, but I had come out and spoken because I could y\oI help it. "And it is worth telling to the praise of His in finite grace, and of that strength which is perfected in weakness, that these words (which I had forgotten) were repeated the other day to a friend of mine by a gambler who was present, to whose heart this abrupt, irregular message had come home, and who is now a devoted ally of mine liere. "Will you excuse my telling you the conclusion I have been ^d to by my experience in Cariboo. It is that you re(iuire for the work there men of no ordinary talents. They must })o very earnest and devoted, indeed, but this is not enough. To induce these men to listen to the Gospel, it must be preached with great power. " For myself, let me candidly own it, I have not succeeded." VARIETY OP CHARACTER. Writing of another place, Mr. Erown speaks more hopefully, while he exhibits the difficulty of ministerial work in British Columbia occa- sioned by the variety of character. " I am thankful to say that some small measure of success s(>ems to attend the ministration here. At the morning service, the church is in- deed very poorly attended, but in the evening it is better. It is won- derful the regularity with which some attend of whom one would last expect it. We have amongst those who attend few of our owii Church, but some of all posf^ible persuasions and o])inions : — Wesleyans, Pres- byterians, Roman Catholics, and Socinians ; Jews and Deists, Tom Painists, Phrenological MateriaHsts, Atheists. It can scarcely hapi>en but some good will come to some of them. I am very thankful." INDIAN MISSION. VANCOUVER. THE TWO HEARTS. SHALL THE ENGLISH CHURCH OR THE FRENCH ROMANISTS HAVE THE HEARTS OP THE BRITISH NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS ? For some years, on the Pacific coast, there have been French Roman Catholic Missionaries, who, since the Church of England has com- menced missionary work, have been increased. There are j)laces where the Indians have anxiously asked for Eng- lish Missionaries, but who, having been disappointed, have received French teachers. 8 INDIAN MISSION. The following incident may tend to quicken the zeal of friends of the Gospel. The Rev. Alexander Garrett is the gifted Principal of the Indian Mission at Victoria, and makes visits periodically to the tribes around. In a letter, dated March 4, 1864, he thus writes : — "At Cowitchen rather a singular scene occurred. One Sunday I went, as usual, to the chief's house to hold service. I met the priesL at the door. I asked him if he were come to have a service. He replied in the negative. I then saw him in earnest conversation with the chief, and they left Logother, while 1 entered the house. I saw in a moment that some influence had been exerted against me : no one seemed glad to see me : there was a constraint and unpleasantness about everybody. The boy who usually rang the bell waa tired ; the woman who used to spread the mats could not find them ; the various chiefs who habitually took their places near me held aloof; and alto- gether the matter looked very ugly. I of course was alon*:?. " I at length succeeded in overcoming the indolence of the bell- ringer, and got him out, to give, however, but a very feeble summons and an uncertain sound. When he left with the bell, every man in the house went out, leaving me alone with a few old women, who appeared too stupid to understand what was going on. I then debated what to do. To go out and see what they were about might betray fear, and to remain inside was at least unpleasant. However, I re- solved on remaining, and quietly sat down on a bench to await the issue. Presently little boys came running in to look at me and stand at a safe distance. I by degrees overcame their fear, and presently was surrounded by a very fair Sunday-school class. Ere long the men began to muster in force — old and young took their places, not upon the mats to hear my sermon, but round the fire in comical style. What was coming of course I could not say, as all were silent. I con- tinued teaching my boys. Presently the men began to talk. They discussed the (question among themselves as to whether they would hear me or not. The assembly was divided. Many urged strongly my immediate expulsion ; many as strongly urged reverent attention, to my words. * Judge,' said one young man, ' what he has to say : if it is good, and accordmg to the heart of God, hear him ; if not, tell him to go.' I now thought it time to dismiss my class, which, 1 must confess, for the last few minutes had very little of my real attention. " I accordingly stood up, and asked them whether they wished to hear the Word of God. This opened the controversy. I now saw that I had many friends, and many opposed to me. Por those friends I still thank God. One violent orator vehemently opposed their listening to anything 1 had to say. * There was a priest at Comiaken, tliey could go and hear him if they pleased, and they could stay at home if they pleased ; and they did not want to be interfered with.* Another as violently opposed him, saying many things about the priest — the time he had been there, the money he had received, the igno- rance which still prevailed, and so on. At this juncture the old chief returned. His son (my bell-ringer) had but recently shot another Indian, and the father had been allowed by Government to settle KIMJLATION. iriendu of pal of thu the tribes Sunday I the pries b k^ice. He tion with I saw ill ! : no one sasantness ired; the le various and alto- the bell- summons y man in nen, who 1 debated it betray vor, I re- Lwait the md stand presently long the laces, not cal style. I con- c. They }y would strongly ttention. to say : ; if not, which, 1 my real ished to low saw ! friends id their miaken, stay at d with.' e priest 10 igno- Id chief another a settle it with blankttt. 'I'ho old irmn «i)oko as follows ; ' I have two hiiurts, and both very Hick. 'I'ho j»ri«jHt at (.'omiaken is uiy father. He has been a long time hen*, uhd Wm\ to do ua good. True, he lives far away, and tl»e old people cafmot go to God's service, but the young and strong can. My own In^art winheH to stay with my father, and huirn the way to the happy land. This priest (meaning me) is very good. His heart knows the heart of Mr. J)ouglas, and the heart of (Jod. My second heart wi.shcH to ntuy with him, and to learn about (iod; but he is very far away at Vli^toria, One dat/ he comes and helps us a little up the hill ; one whole mouth he is awuy, and we run back fai- down the hill ; and our father at Comiaken is angry, and this priest (meaning me) is not here to speak strong for us. Tlius my two hearts are very si hear, 1 am not willing to speak. Judge for yourselven, mIhiII t Kpeak, or shall I not?" Then there was a grand discussion, part arguing jiro and y. vt con. At length the old chief said, * H' you come ant drawn imenced firy, the y, is de- dence of ■t I bear le Miss 1 regard ity, and healtliy, 3 degree iring to cessary, our in- odation , and a ted." School, 3olony, Clergy rent is .1 fund itution ly and EXTRACTS FROM SPEECHES DELIVERED IN ENGLAND. BY THE BISHOP OF COLUMBIA, 1863-4. I THE CLIMATE AND PROSPECTS OP THE COUNTRY. After describing the geographical position of British Columbia, the j Bishop went on to say that the climate of the country was much the ! same as that of England. It was the custom for people in the United States to pass over by the Isthmus of Panama to spend the winter in California, which was the Italy of the Eastern States. British Columbia held the same position in respect to Canada, being in fact the England as Canada was the Eussia of the British possessions in the West, So mild was the climate, indeed, that it had been the custom for farmers to leave out their stock in winter without food or shelter, both on the mainland and in Vancouver's Island. In America the population was steadily advancing to the westward. He was travelling through Canada ; some twelve months ago, and he met two railway trains laden with I Norwegians. They had been collected in Norway, passed over the Atlantic, and then into the railway trains at Quebec, and after that wore going a thousand miles to the Westward, singing as they went. Thousands every year passed through the Central States in the same way. Last year, no less than 100,000 people, with their ftimilies and wagons, disturbed by the war, had been moving over the plains, to make their permanent home on the Western side of the liocky mouniains. A fcM' months ago he stood in San Francisco and preached in the Cathedral, on a spot which fourteen years ago was a desert, Now there was a city of 100,000 people. What had accelerated this movement was the discovery of gohl. The intermediate territory between Canada and British Columl)ia was also likely to be opened up, through which might be an extension of the Canadian mil way from ocean to ocean. Already a step had been taken in this direction by the completion of the telegraphic communication across the continent. They ninv got British news at Victoria in twelve, days, and if a railway was completed, the jourjiey to Victoria would only occupy a fortnight. 12 EXTRACTS FUOM THE BISlIUl' S SPEECHES. !i From there to {Shanghai would take tliree weeks. This would con- sequently he the nearest way to China, and British Columbia and Vancouver would be the British emporiimi of Eastern traffic. ITS GOLD FIELDS. a ibundal was sei leaking itish. gratific^ fY\ inberl As they were aware, gold was discovered in British Columbia some f^j^yegti time ago. It was first found in dust on the lower sands of the Fraser lu^y. ^ Itiver, but its discovery immediately led to a further exploration, and ,11. ^. its source was eventually found among the mountains of Cariboo, in a ^ j^, loop of the Fraser Eiver, some 500 miles from the sea-board. It had f.^\y a mountain origin, in the quartz rock prevailing. The places where it rjQppe was found in greatest abundance were not very high. He (the Bishop) was up one day taking the altitude, when he saw two miners sitting near. They were very curious to know what he was about. He asked them whether they could give an idea of the elevation, when one of them, judging, no doubt, from the difficulty he had in ascending, said, "40,000 feet ;" and he was not a little surprised when he was told that it was only 6,000 feet above the level of the sea. The action of the atmosphere, the rains, the melting snow, and the torrents upon these quartz rocks, disintegrated them, hurled them down, and broke them up into smaller pieces, and the gold then became separated. There could be no question at all about the auriferous character of this region. It had been computed that the yield thus far had been double per man what it was in California and Australia. At present, however, the country was comparatively unopened. The dis- covery of gold, so far from morally benefiting a country, generally had People an opposite effect, but still it brought a rush of people, and caused a more c country to be quickly opened. In British Columbia it had greatly assisted in the formation of roads. In places where he had to crawl on his hands and knees when he first went out, they might now travel with a carriage. In one journey he then made, he remembered that for about twenty miles of it he fell down, tore his dress, wounded himself, and altogether suffered more inconveniences of that nature than in all his life before. He met a man on the way, and it was customary when they met anybody in their travels in British Columbia not to say, " It is a fine morning," which everybody knew, but very anxiously to inquire, " How is the trail ? " The man he met replied, *' Well, I guess pretty bad, but there is one advantage in these here bogs, that they have a bottom to them." And so they had the consolation and comfort, as they were sinking down in those swamps, to know that they would come some time to a foundation. But all this had had an end, and places wliich but a year ago presented these inconveniences were now well provided with good roads. OTHER RESOURCES OF THE COUNTRY, Another resource of British Columbia was the salmon, which existed in great plenty. One of our ships of war put down a net off an island there, and took at one haul G03 salmon. On another occasion, a few months afterwards, they did the same thing within a few. Besides the salmon, there were the cod, the halibut, and the herring in great every The racter. extent , perhap than from t' three ( had be their o sequen violenc fornia At on( touchi Franci in this a soci nessea As had a travel who i he gi him, some mon( he c that man, bed whei i«^0^ CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION. 18 is would con Columbia and affic. )lumbia some of the Fraser )loration, and Cariboo, in a )ard. It had aces where it (the Bishop) liners sitting t. He asked ivhen one of ending, said, he was told 'he action of )rrents upon 1, and broke le separated, character of lus far had istralia. At 1 The dis- enerally had ad caused a had greatly tad to crawl b now travel ubered that 3s, wounded that nature and it was h Columbia \y, but very net replied, 3 in these ey had the 30 swamps, I. But all nted these ich existed f an island sion, a few . Besides ig in great Abundance. He was at a settler's house one day, when a little girl was sent down to the water's edge with a bucket and a rake, and by l-aking in what she could at arm's length, she filled her bucket with Itish. Then the herring was very abundant. He constantly had the gratification of a herring for breakfast cured by a Yarmouth man. p.'imber also was plentiful of a peculiar kind, which recent scieutitic ^investigation had proA'cd, had some qualities more valuable than any other timber — he meant the Douglas pine. There was coal of excel- 'lent quality, with which their steam navy were supplied, and they were now beginning also to supply San Francisco. Vancouver was the only coal region along the whole Western sea-board down to Panama. Copper mines had also been opened. With all these resources, it had every prospect of becoming a most valuable colony. J THE POPULATION. The population which had gathered together was of a very mixed cha- racter. They had not come as to Australia from England, but to a large extent from California ; and California, though improved now, had been perhaps less distinguished for order, for religion, and for civilisation, than any other part of the American temtory, being furthest removed from the central Government. Such had been its condition that on i three different occasions the magistrates, judges, and persons in office had been overthrown by the people taking the whole executive into their own hands, in what they called " Vigilance Committees," in con- sequence of the utter corruption of the Government. Hence it was that violence was carried on to an extent unknown in civilised countries. People went about with revolvers and bowie knives, and nothing was more common than disturbances in which life was taken. Then (Cali- fornia had been the receptacle of people from all parts of the world. At one time it was such a prevailing custom for the crews of ships touching there to desert their vessels, that a part of the city of San Francisco was built upon the hulls of ships which had been abandoned in this way. Their object had been to carry Christian influences into a society thus formed, and to follow the gold-seeker into his fast- nesses in the mountains and every imaginable kind of retreat. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION. As a class, the miners were unused to religious worship ; and they had an inferior estimate of ministers of religion. One of his clergy was travelling up to British Columbia, when he was joined by a uiiner, who accompanied him for three days, and whose heart and confidcjnce he gained, as was usually the case with him. The miner said to him, "i^ow I should like to do you a good turn. I have been some years in California, and I think I can show you how to make money. There came a man to woik as a minister in California, but he could not make anything, for he began to talk against sin, and that would never do ; so he had to go away. Then there came another man, who did quite diiferent : he gambled and drank with the miners ; he did very well, and made a nice pile of money. Now I advise you, whtm you go uj) \>> * \riboo, don't talk about sin, but do as the others u EXTRACTS FROM THK 15I.SH0P S SPEECHES. I do, and you will make a good thing of it." Tho man could not inuigiuc any other motive, but a sordid one in any man's mind for undertaking tho service of God. Nevertheless the class of which lie was speaking had jjoints of interest. THE GOLD MINERS INTELLIGENT. One circumstance was their intelligence. Coming up to a group ot men engaged in mining, they would be seen dressed as " navvies," all upon an equality, witli pick and shovel ; but though they all looked like " navvies," some of them wore men who had travelled over the world, and were well educated. Among them is a lawyer, a doctor, a merchant, and educated men who have travelled over the world. All have come there by the force of the energy of their characters ; and, acting one upon the other, they present to you an amount of intelligence that is not to be found in any other labouring class — an intelligence of a sort not to be excelled perhaps in any society. We found books among them such as Macaulay, Gibbon, Plutarch's Lives, and Shakspeare. lie remembered preaching a sermon at the mines on the love of God, and, amongst other things, to show that love, he instanced the care and the patience of Almighty God in the preparation of the earth for man. The coal and iron-stone had taken ages to prepare, that this earth might be fitted for the habitation and for the comfort of man. A man came up to him afterwards and said, "I take great interest in your sermon ; what you say is quite true. "We know, who dig in the ground, that the earth is more ancient than generally supposed, and I am glad to see that that view so harmonizes with Christianity." They were also fond of reading. On his (the Bishop's) travelling excursions amongst the mines, ho was accustomed to use for worship two cards, in the absence of prayer books. Bibles, or hymn books. On one card he had hymns, and on the other selections from the Liturgy and suitable prayers. He circulated to every one two cards, and thus every man had his hymn book and prayer book, and they were very ready to read them. He was struck with the (quickness with which many, unused to the worship of God, joined in the services. At tho commencement, a few short pithy remarks were addressed to them upon what worship was, to solemni/e their thoughts to the occasion, and each part of the service was explained. He found that the in- telligence of the men recognised this mode as one highly suitable, and it had secured their acquiescence. Persons had come to him afterwards and expressed the interest and pleasure they felt in such a style of worship. They better appreciated now the eftbrts of the clergy, believing in their desire to do good. They even offered to assist in getting others to attend the worship of God, and men had been known to go about exhorting their fellows to attend the service, influenced evidently by friendly feelings, and desirous of doing good ; but yet blaspheming and cursing the people they spoke to if they would not attend. An instance of that kind occurred to himself. He (the Bishop) was holding a service in a drinking saloon, up at the mines, some 500 miles from the sea coast. After the service, a man came forward and wished to speak with him. He said : " This must do some good," and, pullii tho ta room,! curse(| I will was of blj stop apprep workJ himsi] were I ASSISTANCE IN THE COLUNY. 16 I not iinagiin undoi'Lakiiur vas speaking ;o a group ol navvies," all y all looked ed over tlio , a doctor, a world. All icters; and, intelligence telligence of ooks anion" speare. lie f God, and, are and the h for man. this earth 111. A man 3st in your ;he grcHind, I am glad They were excursions two cards, n one card iturgy and and thus were very ^ith which vices. At 3d to them 3 occasion, at the in- Y suitable, le to him in such a the clergy, ) assist in sen known influenced ; but yet ^vould not 10 Bishop) some 500 -ward and ood," and. 5 i pulling out a hjathern purse, commencoi^l throwing the gold dust iipon the table ; but his eye caught sight of the liritish Hag, hung up in the room, as a sort of pre])aration for the service, and ho fell into a fury, cursed it, and said, " Thougii I am a Protestant, I am a foreigner, and I will never consent to come under the IJritish tlag." His language Avas such, that even one of his companions, accustomed to that sort of blasphemy, saw its inconsistency, came up, and endeavoured to stop him. Here was a man who, with good intent, came to the service, appreciated it to a certain extent, was offering his money to assist the work, and yet his old habits were such, that he could not command himself when excited. Still, there was improvement, and the clergy were no longer received with scoffing contempt as they used to be, THE GOLD MINERS GENEROUS. A good feature of this class is their gencror'*^y. A gold-seeker will always divide his last meal with you if you are in distress. An instance of this occurs to me : A young man came out from Englr^nd ; he had been an officer of the English army in India. I thought when I saw him, before he went up, that he was just about the best specimen that could be found to fight his way successfully ; but, like many Dthers, he broivu down by the way. After travelling 500 miles, he was laid up with an abscubS in his side, his life Avas despaired of, he had not a farthing in his pocket, and was away from all his friends. The miners did not require to be told about his nationality, or, indeed, about any other circumstance but one — nauely, that he Avas in distress. They collected 50Z. for him ; they made provision that he should have all that he wanted, an attendant to wait upon him, and that, should he become better, he should be taken down carefully to Victoria and placed in correspondence Avith his friends. Many cases of this sort I could tell you, to shoAV the generosity of character among that class of men. • ASSISTANCE IN THE COLONY. They had endeavoured also to impress upon the population the great principle of Missions like this, that it AA'as exi)ected by the mother ('hurch in England, who aided these Colonial Missions, that there should be assistance draAvn from the people themselves — that they must, as early as possible, meet the assistance that Avas given them by their OAvn exertions ; but they could not expect much from the first settlers, Avho Avere for the most part poor men. "With them the first years Avero years of great struggling and anxiety. The forest had to be cleaved, buildings erected, fences put up, implements obtained, and stock purchased. It Avas a year or tAvo before the settler got a meal out of the land, and therefore much could not be expected from him ; but it was essential that he should be surrounded Avith the influences of religion. If they left their sons to go out there Avithout the in- fluences of religion, not having the ability to provide themselves Avith the means of grace, they Avould sink doAvn rapidly, not merely into a state of indifl'erence, but into a state of hardness and even of o])posi- tion to religion. It Avas remarkable hoAV often they found men there 16 EXTRACTS FHOM THE LiSHOPS SPEECH KS. become depressed, and, under that depression, become morbid and fnll into a state of recklessness, not caring what became of tliem, or what they did. Having passed through such trials, neglected by the Christians of England, a state of society followed, Avhich was not only indifferent, but godless ; and generations must elapse before they could recover, if ever, from the neglect to which they had been consigned ; but if, when they first went out, care was taken to provide them those who should call them to the house of God — if they had churches planted amongst them, where they could hear on the Lord's Day exactly what they had left at home — he (the Bishop) coidd tell them, as the result of practical observation, that the careless one at homo would become a thoughtful one abroad, because, while all else around him was strange, and new, and cold, this alone was like the worship that he had attended at home, and thus he was reminded of the dearest and best associations of his life. But it might be asked, " Why do you not dig up the gold, and pay your clergy, and build your churches 1 " People did not seem to understand that nobody could dig up sovereigns. The gold was only like the coal or iron obtained from the earth, and had to be con- verted into money. Besides, all that was obtained, if spread over those engaged in the Avork, would not afford much more than a common maintenance for them ; for the peculiarity of the gold-seeking business was, that the gold was found in patches. A man might alight upon a spot rich beyond expectation, but there were many blank patches to set against it; and hence starvation and death were not unfrequent among the gold diggers. Indeed, there was no occupation in the world that was productive of so much misery, of so much poverty, and so much death, as the gold-seeking business. He was, however, happy to say that they had obtained as much assistance from the peo])le as they could reasonably expect. Wliere there was one church in 18.59, there were now seventeen churches and mission-chapels, besides stations for service ; and the one clergyman had been increased to fifteen. Several congregations were also doing something towards the support of their own ministers ; two of them were already entirely supporting their own clergy and the expenses of worship. They had even had assistancti from foreigners. In one instance an Italian gave 3/., and a Frenchman 41., towards a Protestant (jhurch. Upon the list of subscriptions towards another church were ten Chinese names, who had given an average of 10s. each. A Chinese merchant had also given 51. to one church, and 10/. to another. As an illustration of the good feeling that might be established towards the mother country, he might state that two of the congregations to which he appealed for the Lancashire distress gave the sum of 110/. He believed that this was just an instance of the good feeling which would exist in the Colonies, if they only acted justly and Christianly towards them, and strengthen the best of all ties, the ties of Christian brotherhood in the Church of God. of a ycarsJ I well such hope thingi ractei of md I felt] preset count! strap I befor^ bacor TRAVELLING LIFE OF THE CLERGY. The work of the clergy has been, as you may imagine, both from the eharaclerLstics of the people, and from the difficulties of a new country, T id and fall them, or ted by the s not only they could onsigned ; hem those es planted ^ctly what the result become a s strange, attended sociations the gold, not seem gold was be con- fer those common business t upon a itches to frequent le world and so lappy to as they 9, there ions for Several of their ig their sistanco ichman iowards Jrage of 3h, and ight be of the 8 gave of the ' acted of all I TRAVELLING LIFE OF THE CLEUGY. 17 ni the untry, of a peculiar nature ; but they have gained, in the course of a few years, upon the respect of the mining poi>ulation ; and the last time I went up there I had inquiries made of me, as I went along, wliether such and such a clergyman was coming up this year. They said, " We hope he is coming ; we like him much." This is a different state of things to what it was, which 1 attribute to the manly, enduring cha- racter of my clergy. A better, a more earnest, gifted, or enduring body of men I do not think could be found for that work. Often have I felt grateful to Almighty God that religion should have been at first jn-esented out there in such an aspect. You will see a man with stout country shoes, corduroy trousers, a coloured woollen shirt, a leather strap round his waist, and an axe u[)on his shoulder ; he is driving before him a mule or a horse laden with packs of blankets, a tent, bacon, a sack of flour, a coffee-pot, a kettle, and a frying-pan. He is a pioneer of the Gospel, on his way to the mines, live hundred miles ahead. He has considerable trouble as he goes along : he has the forests to go through, and fallen trees are constantly in his path — for these he has to use his axe ; he comes to a swamp, in which his animal sticks fast — he has to take the pack off, wading himself into the swamp in order to do it; he has to carry the pack to some dry place, and then take the animal out and re-pack. Sometimes an animal will lie down, on account of the weight of his pack and the fatigue of the journey ; then he has to be unpacked before he can be got up, and alter that he is packed again. I remember coming up with an American blacksmith one day ; he was driving before him two horses, on which he had his anvil and other things ; one of them had just laid down. I should tell you that it takes about half an hour to pack a horse properly, and it is a difficult business. The blacksmith unpacked the horse and got him up, and, after about half an hour's hard work, re-packed him ; when down lay the other horse, with which the blacksmith had to repeat the operation just described. Sometimes, when you come to your camping-ground, and turn your horse or horses out to feed on the grass close by, you look for them in the morning, and find them not ; and perhaps the traveller has to wander for days over the mountains and rough untrodden districts, seeking his lost animals. Such diffi- culties as these beset the pioneer of the Gospel. He comes, at length, to his camping-ground ; he takes off the pack, leads the horse to water, and puts him out to feed. He then comes back, and you see him with his axe cutting down a tree in the forest, to be used as firing for the night ; he drags some of the branches after him, and makes his fire. He then takes his kettle, which he fills at a neighbouring stream, and puts upon the fire. He will then cut poles and pegs, and pitch his tent, unroll his blanket, and make his bed. The water having become hot, he takes his pan, and, with flour from his sack, begins to make some bread. He will make two cakes about the size of the inside of the frying-pan ; he turns the bread over and over in the pan, then puts it beside the fire, before a large stone, to rise. After he has made his bread, you see him cutting pieces off his bacon, which he fri( s in his pan. Then he will sit down upon the ground, and eat what is his principal meal, bacon, bread, and tea. While he is so euuaged, the B 18 EXTRACTS FROM THE BISHOP'S SPEECHES. Indians are coming round him, and take their seats. As soon as he has done his meal, he puts liis things away, and proceeds to instruct the Indians ; and long after dark you see the crowd sitting round the fire, which casts a glare upon their faces. Their features are painted black and red, they are dressed in fantastic costumes, and they drink from his lips the Word of God, receiving thoughts to which they have hitherto been strangers. At last the hour comes when it is time to go, and one by one they disappear into the forests ; the minister having first evoked the echoes around by singing the Evening Hymn, and engaging in prayer, with perhaps one or two companions who have camped near. Or, if there are no Indians, as soon as he has done his meal he will go forth, with the Scriptures under his arm, to a camp at some distance off, where he finds a party of men travelling the same way, and proposes to them that they shall have a service. They look at him, and wonder who he is, as he has no signs of his office in his dress, but looks like one of themselves ; but they have no objection, and he begins the service. He speaks to them from the Word of God, and they arc interested, and their attention riveted. By and by you hear the sounds of prayer, and the Evening Hymn closes all. They say they have not spent so pleasant an evening for many a long year, and wonder who the man can be who is camping near them, and who speaks to them so beautifully. That is the life which I have often looked upon of my clergy, as they were spending and being spent for the glory of God and the saving of souls. It has won the respect, if not the hearts, of many. FADING AWAY OP NATIVE RACES. And now he would pass on to speak of the native race, that great family which once overspread North and South America. It was sad to think that within forty years of the discovery of America by the Spaniards, from twelve to fifteen millions of the natives were swept away beneath the massacres and hard tasks of the Spanish invaders. Since the Anglo-Saxon had set his foot upon North America, the Indian population had dwindled down from fourteen millions to a remnant of a few hundred thousand, a large part of which was in British territory. Now people said, " That is all very true ; it must be so. The savage must give way to the civilized man ; the Red Indian must die out, and the white man must take his land." It was even sometimes asked — " What is the use of sending missionaries to the people? they are dying out." But were we not all dying out] Were they to keep back the knowledge that would save their souls? Were they to be unmindful of their solemn trust because, a generation or two hence, the Indian race might cease to be numbered with the family of man ? Rather ought they not to be quickened to make haste and rescue as many as they could while they were with them ; and not let there be the blot upon the History of then Christianity, that this great race passed away beneath our civilization, unclaimed by the Church of God. But it was well worth the while of Christians to inquire what was the process of this fading away of the native races. Was there nothing in it to excil that misel All Chril long] weel heatl into I settli the: that] was livec 3. .8 soon as he ds to instruct ing round the 3 are painted id they drink ich they have is time to so, Qister having Hymn, and IS who have has done his to a camp at ing the same They look office in his 10 objection, ^ord of God, and by you i all. They a long year, m, and who have often ng spent for 6 respect, if that great It was sad rica by the rvere swept h invaders, n erica, the lions to a ch was in ; it must the Eed land." It issionaries all dying ould save mn trust ght cease they not ley could upon the y beneath was well >rocess of in it to FADING AWAY OP NATIVE RACES. 19 i excite their sympathy 1 It was neither more nor less than this, that the civilized man brought to the native race an accumulation of misery, and added that to the already crushing burden of heathenism. All afflictions pressed far heavier upon the heathen than upon the Christian. Listen to that wail — that howl which had been going on so long in that Indian lodge. We heard it last week ; we hear it this week. Ithasbeenheardformany a week. It is the cry of the bereaved heathen, forgyhcni there is no consolation ; nothing to appeal to. Go into that Indian lodge, see the heathen upon his death-bed, look at the settling of that dark cloud of sullen gloom upon that brow ! See there the foreboding of misery and wretchedness ! Romance- writers told them that the poor Indian had dreams of happy hunting-grounds — that he was going to his fathers, and that he would have j^lenty of what he lived upon in this life. That was all romance. There was no reality in it. In the death-chamber of the heathen it was all misery ; throughout the length and breadth of heathenism there was not to be seen or heard of one hajipy death. He visited one heathen village where the smallpox was raging, for the purpose of getting them to adopt sanitary measures, and bury their dead. He found seventeen cases and three dead. There was one corpse that had no friends. While he was waiting a canoe arrived, and in it a woman. It was the widow who had been faithless to her husband, but hearing of his sick- ness she hastened home. He should never forget the wretchedness of that poor creature as she wept by the corpse. He went away, and came again in about two hours afterwards to see if they had carried out his directions. He met the woman; she had now a pick and shovel in her hand, and she was going to dig the grave. She appealed to him to ask the natives to help her lift the dead body. He said, "Help that poor woman." No one replied. He asked why they would not help her ? They said she did not belong to their tribe, so they had no pity. A cruel selfishness was the universal characteristic of the heathen. Then take their superstitions. The leading super- stition of the natives of Vancouver's Island and British Columbia was, that every separate thing was a spirit ; a chair was a spirit, a table was a spirit, a canoe was a spirit, a tree was a spirit, a log of wood was a spirit, even the food they ate was a spirit, and they were constantly afraid of the spirit-world around them. That delusion of spiritualism, respecting which they heard something in England, was an old weed of America. Where civilization, Christianity, and religion were fading out, there came up the old weed of spiritualism, and it was found in full bloom among the savages he alluded to. They had their mediums, their sorcerers, or medicine men, who were supposed to communicate with the spirits. When anybody was ill they sent for the medium. If they wanted anything done, they also called in the same assistance. If any person was sick they did not say, " What is the matter ?" but " Who has done it ]" If ho were to go into an Indian house, and some days after one of the inmates died, they would say that he came and cast a spell which caused the death, and the Indian would be bound to seek his life, or the life of one of his race, to compensate for it. Heathenism was, indeed, a heavy burden, enough to crush out the life b2 20 EXTRACTS FROM THE BISHOP'S SPEECHES. of a people, depressing above everything ; but after came the civilized man, and what did lie do 1 He brought additional misery to all this. They knew how strong the love of home was to us English ; but the Indian loved his home ten times stronger than we did. He was the very child of homo. He (the Bishop) had been struck in travelling up rivers with Indians, how they would constantly stop paddling, attracted by something upon the shore which he could not see ; but it was full of interest to tliem, and they delighted to tell about it, forgetting that the canoe was dropping down the stream. By and by they resumed their paddles, and did the like again further on. If allowed, they would dilate upon every rock, every stone, and every nook, but the white man came and took possession of the land ; he built and culti- vated and fenced these places all round. He warned the Indians to keep oif, not to come near ; and thus a barbed arrow was driven into their breast, and not removed while the white man was there. Then there were the diseases which the whites had introduced — the smallpox and the measles, which laid hold of them with a virulence unknown in this country ; but besides these, there was the vice of drunkenness. LIQUOR TRAFFIC WITH INDIANS. The Hudson's Bay Company, who had relations with the Indians over all that part of British North America, exchanged for the Indian furs useful articles of clothing, blankets, guns, and im- plements, and thus improved the natives, making them have a taste for some of the things of civilization, but they kept the drink from them, and why 1 because the Indian especially loved exciting drinks, for the savage had an idea that excellence consisted in physical excita- bility, and they loved the drink because it ministered to the wild in- centives of their nature, but the time came when 1 he monopoly of the Hudson's Bay Company to trade with the Indians was removed, so far as British Columbia and Vancouver were concerned. Then came in unprincipled traders, who knew what the Indians liked best> and who wished to get from them the valuable furs — their bear skins, beaver skins, martin skins, fox skins, and so on. These traders made a mixture, bad enough almost to poison whites, and which maddened to fury the natives. It cost Is. per gallon, and provided with this, they went and traded with the Indians, who brought out their skins. The martin's skin out there was valued at 16s., and was worth double that in England. If the Indian took the skin to any of the Company's places he got 16s. worth of goods for it, but the liquor trader gave him only a gallon of his abominable mixture, which cost him Is. At that ruinous sacrifice did the trader obtain the skins ; and if the Indians had no skins ho took their blankets. He (the Bishop) knew a village where, four years ago, the Indians were well clothed in articles of British manufacture, obtained through the Hudson's Bay Company, but when he visited them last April he found them in rags and tatters, the result of the present system. After the liquor trader went, then followed the Indian revel. Men, women, and children, drank this mixture, and the scene baffled any description he could give. A mad- house turned loose, with the inmates infuriated against each other, and ■*.^?i#>*5^'»V»?^^'^ INDIAN SUPEUSTITIUNS. THE .SPIUIT-MAN. 21 ihe civilized to all this, ill ; but the He was the n travelling p paddling, see ; but it t, forgetting ley resumed lowed, they )k, but the t and culti- ians to keep n into their Then there nallpox and 10 wn in this less. ihe Indians ed for the 3, and im- lave a taste drink from iing drinks, 3ical excita- bhe wild in- poly of the 3ved, so far m came in ■ best, and bear skins, aders made maddened with this, iheir skins, rth double Company's rader gave m Is. At nd if the p) knew a in articles Company, nd tatters, i^ent, then Irank this A mad- )ther, and I having weapons of destruction in their hands, would be but a faint imago of the scene, which, alaa ! he had seen so often. He had even hud dei)Utations from the Indians asking if something could not bo done to prevent these white men producuig all this misery. Such were the evils brought to this poor Indian race by the civilized man, and could they wonder that the natives wore fading away beneath all this misery ? THE INDIANS AND THE HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY. The Hudson's Bay Company had, indeed, kept up a remarkably good feeling amongst the Indians in British territory. Not so below the boundary line, for there were constant conflicts between the white men and the native races ; but above the line, in British territory, to be an Englishman was held to be a friend of the Indian. The Hudson's Bay Company in dealing with them had been accustomed to give pieces of paper, on which was written " for work," " for skins," or for anything which was obtained from them, so much, or so many articles of clothing, or implements of different kinds. These pieces of paper the Indians accepted, and took them, it might be, to the nearest trading place, and the paper was always honoured ; but unprincipled white men, knowing the confidence of the natives in the Englishmen's paper, had taken advantage of this, and at times had got work out of them, or valuable skins, and given them also in return pieces of paper. The unsuspecting Indian thought them as good as any of the other pieces he had been in the habit of receiving, but, by and by, when he got to the stores of the Hudson's Bay Company, he found them to be forgeries, worth nothing. Yet so anxious had the Company been to keep up a good understanding between the Indians, that they had honoured these pieces of paper, giving the Indians all they asked at their own loss, rather than lose the confidence of the natives. That good feeling which pervaded the Indian race towards Englishmen, Suood in the place of several years of missionary labour. INDIAN SUPERSTITIONS. THE SPIRIT-MAX. The superstitions of the Indians increase their miseries. Their principal superstition is a belief that everything is a spirit. A chair is a spirit, so is a table, or a gun, or a canoe, or a bird, or a fish ; the sun, moon, and stars are spirits, and a log of wood is a spirit — every- thing animate and inanimate they think to be a spirit, and they believe that persons have power over spirits. If any one is sick they think it is the spirit that is sick, and they send for the medium — or spirit man, or medicine man, or sorcerer, as he is variously called — who has power over the spirits, to come and heal the sick. I have often seen a mother holding her baby before a medicine man, who is howling his incanta- tions with a bowl of some mixture, which he uses occasionally. He has one or two other implements. The poor mother is all this time neglecting the proper remedy for the child while yielding to super- stition. We found a poor boy cruelly ill-treated. A man was sick : 22 KXTKACTS FROM THE B18110PB SPEECHES. and the Indiuus suid, " Who has done this?" and they fixed upon the boy, who they l)elieved had cast a spell over him. They tied his hands and knees together and put him by himself to starve. After about four days we discovered and rescued him. The cord had cut to the bones of his wrists and knees, and when we remonstrated with the ladians, they said, " We did not mean to kill him ; we only meant to break his power." If I were to go into an Indian's house, and some days afterwards a person were to die, they would be satisfied that I had caused the death, and they would be bound by their laws of retaliation to take a life, perhaps mine, but certainly that of one of my race. All this is constantly producing death amongst them, foolish though it be. INTELLIGENCE OP THE INDIANS. An Indian child will learn to write in half the time an English child will take. Aa illustrated spelling-book one day was placed before a little girl ten years old. She was set to copy a word in two different forms of letters. There was a picture of the object. In a short time she had made a good copy in two forms of the word, although her first» attempt at writing, and not only that, but that she had made a respectable picture too. Sometimes they will get a copy-slip and go away with it, and bring you a copy back ; occasionally the copy-slip will be tlie wrong side up, but they will re-produce it most faithfully, its position being quite a matter of indifference. I gave an instance in one of my sermons on Sunday of two Indian youths, who in about two hours caught a sentiment of Christianity I was teaching, trans- lated it from one language to another, set it to a tune before strange, and became then and there teachers of their tribe. They have been instructed in astronomy ; and were particularly struck by lectures upon the tides and on the changes of the moon. They had their own talk and ideas on these subjects, but when the truth was put before them they said, " That is right ; we are wrong," and with great intelligence they at once made that their own. clergj iorC beaut of th ready lican from went by m tutioi came away door out, in morn his s« miles take THEIR ANXIETY FOR INSTRUCTION. — THE BISHOP AND THE INDIAN CHIEF. They are very anxious to be instructed. One of our ships of war, the Hecate^ went to a place called Fort Eupert, in Vancouver's Island, and there endeavoured to quiet some disturbance among the Indians. Tlie captain said, " You must not take the law into your own hands any more. If any one is killed among you, you must not go on rete,Hating in your own fashion, for that leads to endless death among you; but you must act upon the English law, which is to prevaU now." A chief got up and said : " Your words are good, no doubt ; the English law must be better than ours. But how do we know anything about the English law ? you never told us. We are willing to learn. Why do you not send us teachers, and then we shall know what to do ? " They made an earnest application to him to send them teachers. That was a tribe which I visited ; and a chief got up, and, speaking of my visit to England, urged me to send at once to them one of the "JTit^H'^iol'^-^* YEAllNINOH Vnlt l-'HIllHTlAN INMTHUCTION. 23 :ed u])un the ley tied his ftrve. After I had cut to ted with the ily meant to e, and some isfied that I loir laws of it of one of hem, foolish an English laced before wo different short time though her lad made a slip and go 10 copy-slip t faithfully, an instance in about ling, trans- are strange, ' have been 3tures upon ir own talk >efore them intelligence THE ps of war, 5r's Island, le Indians. )wn hands lot go on ith among to prevail oubt ; the ' anything ? to learn. w what to I teachers. )eaking of ne of the I tlergy he had soon at Victoriii, that ihoy nii;,'ht not liavc longer to wait for Christian instruction. I whh U!(u;hiiig tlio Indians one day on a beautiful lake, between Dmi^hw and Lillooctt. I spoke with the chief of tho Lillooetts about sending; IiIm Hini to my institution, when it was ready, that the son might Ut brought up a ( 'liristian. I said I had heard that the Indians were not willing to send their children away from them, and asked if tluit wiw tho case, llo instantly rose and went across to a group of IndlauM, laid hold of a little boy, placed him by my side, and went back. I tk that as a sign that when my insti- tution was ready, ho wouM mnu\ nio his son. By and by evening camo; instruction ceased, Th^ Indinnn, having shaken hands, went away. "We had retired to our loiitH, wlion some one came to my tent door, and said, " Do you know uiiytliing nlwut this little boy 1 " 1 went out, and found tho chiofH mou waiting there for me to take him away in the morning, which wan niori! than I had bargained for. Next morning, Ospolow, tho chief, caino liiinnelf. llo besought me to take his son, and followed mo tho whole of that day over a lake of eighteen miles, as well as over a land Jotiriiov, hoping I Avould still relent, and take liis son to bring him up m a (Christian. AN INDfAN tlllKVH DIFFICULTY. On another occasion, a chitil' got up and said : " We want you to explain sometliing to us. YoJi nay that if we knew your religion, it would make us good. But avu not all those people in Victoria of your religion, your tribe 1 Thoy know your religion, but they are not all good. Many of them are worm than Indians. How is it, then, if your religion does not make all of you good, that it is going to make all of us good ] " YEAilNlNUM Vim ('JIUIHTIAiN IN.STUUCTION. The first time I went among those Indians, I spoke of Christ. They all acknowledged tho ( rr<'fti Father ; but that is a mere tradition among them. They do not believe in tho Great Father, or love him, or pray to him ; but it Mf'fve.q us to teach them of the Great Father, and His loving Hon, .Immih Christ. The chief points on which I dwelt on that occasion Wfiru con(;erning the Great Father, and of His love in sending His only Hoti in (Vui for us. They received that with great int<^rest ; and th Tfcfk,.**.' .r.i^'Av".--''^" •'*•• INDIAN CONVERTS OP METLA.-KATLA. 81 afraid of the lercy, and the ly God to pre. less. A por. He was led life ; he be- about God, nd leave sin. s. I believe and who is Jesus. The Te must pray will dress us to make us t, for I hope I die. If our oast us into scans. "Was to put away ve vomited. our Saviour. 3 must seek father and go back to 3ni. I pray pardon me. rom home, istian, said, de. I have g followed, rit of God. or our sins, we are His lecause He t, said, the from con- ome time i is right, the Sun- r let his isted the ill a medi- I believe who died want the all stand ^o one to Lki>qit-n'kesh (A t'hief.) Name. Age. Anmoers. be his master but God. I will not keep my eyes on the ground any more, but will look up to heaven nil my life. He has had to bear much scorn, and to go through much struggle. 39 When young was brought up in sin. No one ever told me the good news. Cannot tell how great a sinner I am. I believe in God, and cannot tiini back to any of my old ways. The great Father Almighty, Maker of the earth. Jesus Christ, the only Son of God, died for our sins that God might pity us on that account. God is a spirit, full of love and good- ness ; but we must jiray for God's H(jly Spirit. We must all stand before God. God will know who are good and bad. By and by I shall know if God hears me. My heart is dark ; I cannot clearly tell now. A long time I felt I was contrary to God, and when I heard the good news I gave iip evil wny.s. 19 I wish to put away all sin, lies, drunkenness. Have erred in following num. Must now try to follow God. I believe in Jesus Christ, who died for our sin. God's Spirit prepares us for baptism. We shall rise from the dead and see God's face, if we arc God's children. I am wishful to serve God as long as I live. ^.'t I have made up my mind to live a Christian. Must try to jmt away all our sins. I lielieve in Jesus Christ, the Son of (iod, who died for our sins. (Jod is good to us, and made us. God gives us His Sjiirit to make us clean and happy. I ])ray to God to clean my heart, and wipe out my sin from God's book, it will be worse for us if we fall aAvay aftei- we have begun. I repent I was not baptized a j'ear and a half ago. QlJ-TL-.NOH Kl,\M FEMALKS. Nayahk . . 30 I have been a great sinner, but God has opened my heart to see good, and I am resolved by His help to put away all evil and live to God. I pray for pardon and God's Holy Si)irit. I feel unh.appiness now amongst my heathen friends, and have pleasure oidy with God's people. Her husband has been sent away. She remained ; although at the cost of much privation to herself; but she would not go back to heathenism. lieplied well as to the special work of each Person of the Trinity. Nayahk ... 25 Answers well and clearly upon the separate work of e'lch (VVifeof Lapplighcumlee, Person of the Trinity. Prays for pardon— lor the a sorcerer.) Holy Spirit. Suffered much from the mockery of her husband. At her earnest demand he gave up devilry. Under eighteen months' regular instruc- tion. Been consistent in the midst of opposition ; adhered to the Mission when many were against. Has been a blessing to her family, all of whom have renounced heathenism. Her husband, the sorcerer, laments his past life, and would lie the first to put his foot upon the evil system. 32 Name. LoosTi . . INDIAN CONVERTS OF METLA-KATLA. A f/e. 25 (Widow of tlio camiilial Chief who dicil penitent.) A nswfiVH. I know how blind 1 have Itecii. Wa8 first turned to Ood l)y the news of tlie Savi.;!r. Was struck that Ho eanie down amonj^st us. Ood is a Spiri't full of h»ve. Christ came to carry away our sin.s. We must pray for the Spirit to lielp us. I confess my sins to God and cry fur pity. I pray for my friends. After death the judgment. We must stand before (Jod. Jesus will answer for those who trust in Him. Upheld her husband iii his wickedness. Was turned by his turning at his death. Ai>nAii-KiiTi. . 25 (Wife of a Christian Indian.) I must put away sin. I know I have been making God angi-y, but must put away all my old ways, lies, and the evil of my fathers. Goil gave us commandments. Ciod wouhl not hear us till we put away our .sins. .Jesus would nuike peace for us and add His Spirit. Am resolved to endeavour to live to God all my life. Was much moved last fishing at my sinfulness, and then repented strongly, and resolved to walk with God. I pray morning, noon and night for pardon and God's Spirit. Had opposed her husband, who is a Christian. SHoonAiisL . . (Wifeof Clah.). 30 We must give up all sin God sees and knows us all through. .Fesus died in our state because we were bad. By the Spirit of Jesus we must learn to walk in the good way. I feel struggle in my mind, but persevere, 1 pray for ]>ardon. Will do all I can to keep God's way. God's own Word promises that he will hear. 16 Have been sorely tempted. Jesus came down from heaven to save sinners, and to make our peac'e with God. Jesus shed His blood for cmr sins. Jesus will bo as a ladder for us to heaven wlicn we die. We must stand before God. We must cry to God before we die and not ])ut oft". I pray for a clean heart to God. Made a toucliing confession of her sins, when applying for baptism. Wah tee boo Paiek .... 25 (Wifeof Slulloh.) Wahthl ... 40 (Wife of liCgaic.) Want to fintl God. I repent of my sins. First led to think by the shock of my father being shot in the house by another Indian. Sought peace and came to Metla-katla. God is almighty, full of goodness, and truth, and love. Jesus, the Son of God, died for our sins. Asked what we should ask God for. She said, light. The good will dwell with God for ever, the bad be cast away. I wish to put away evil and have a clean heart. Feel the pain of the remembrance of sin so bad I would sometimes like to die. 1 want to seek Gotl's face, but feel little hope ; still I determine to persevere, though miserable. Loss of relatives, and finding no peace and rest, and feeling in darkness, led me to look to God. 1 know that God .sent His Son Jesus to die for our sins. About nine months under regular instruction. She is evidently anxious for her soul ; knows the truth, but her sins are a burden, that she has not found peace. She has been anxious her husband shouM go forwards in good. Laii.si. INDIAN CONVERTS ()F METLA-KATLA. .33 miiod to rjod lick tlmt Hf. ; full of love, e 111 list pi-ny ^ sins to Cioll After (leatli (^'od. Jesus liis turniuff making God lys, lies, and inandnients. ay oiir sins. ilis Spirit, all my life, ifulness, and walk with ■ pardon and :nows us all ve were Itacl. walk in the t persevere, keep God'.s ivill hear. RK AND SOUCEUY. :^." ATLA. ngs during thing more rney, com- Diincan on us, by the istables, in ) see — the le surtout, [)e on each irough the ) you, sir." rge square se circular 700. Like ^ to work, w f)laying up to the ley ranged ad, led by } back in Some had equal to we went vhere the generally received as a resident who conforms to the laws laid down by Mr. Dnncnn, and renounces all heathen practices. Th(; conversion of .such is of lourso a work of time. Much pleased with what we have seen, we returned on board. SUNDAY SERVICE OF INDIANS. Sundai/, October 25. — It was a pretty sight to see the whole popula- tion, old and young, at the sound of the bell, thronging to wor.sliip God. No need to lock doors, for there is no one to enter the cmi)ty houses. Every soul is assembled in the one place, and for one purpos(>. As they entered, the men took the right and the women the left hand of the great circular hall. I was surprised to learn from Mr. Duncan afterwards that he had never bidden them to do this ; they seemed to have adopted the arrangement instinctively. Service began witli a hymn in Tsimpsean. He led with his concertina. The air was very plaintive and beautiful — sung by some 200 voices, men, women, and children ; it thrilled through me. Then followed Prayers in Tsimj)- sean, at the close of which all joined in the Lord's Prayer in English. Then followed a chant : one of the Psalms he had translated and taught them, to a fine old Gregorian. His address, or sermon, of nearly an hour, was upon the story of Martha and Mary. His manner and gesticulation was animated and striking, very much after their own style. Their attention never seemed to Hag throughout. He asked me to address them, which I did, shortly, upon their present light as compared with their past darkness, and the difficulties they mu.st expect in their new cause of Christian discipleship. Mr. Duncan interpreted for me. Before separating, they sang again in Tsimpsean a sort of sacred air, which seemed familiar to me, and was exquisitely beautiful. I found afterwards it was the anthem, " I will arise and go to my Father," somewhat altered and made more Indian in its cha- racter. It suited their voices admirably. I closed with a short prayer in English, and pronounced the Benediction. The service was most striking. It was hard to realize that three years ago these all had been sunk in the deepest heathenism, with all its horrible practices. "What hours, what whole nights of wrestling in prayer, have been spent by this single-minded faithful servant of God, in humble supplication that he might "see of the travail of his soul," and how has he been answered ! There is nothing too hard for the Lord. Service over, Messrs. Duncan and Verney joined me in partaking of the Holy Communion. After the Bishop's next visit there will be, I hope, Indians ready to communicate wherever opportunity is offered. THE MEDICINE WORK AND S0RCI:RY. Monday, October 26. — I should explain to you the medicine work, as far as I can. It is the great imposture among the Indians, having its force from their superstitious dread of evil spirits, which only the medicine-men c^n bind and cast out. Physic he has none. His operations are all a course of exorcism and incantation, intended to drive the evil spirit out of the part or limb in which he has taken u[) his quarters. If the patient is seriously ill, the violence he is sub- c2 *'/; ..)!) VISIT OF TIIR RKV. R. J. DUNDAS TO MKTLA-KATLA. joctcd to fro(|uontly omls his iniHevy. Tlu; modic^ino-nioii protend to have power over tlio souls of tlie tribe. They (.iiu take; uway Ji man's soul, and imprison it in one of their " soul-holders " (of which I have j n couple). This gives them entire power over their vietiiiis, whom they can destroy at any moment hy a woril. In the case of women or timid persons, the fright caused by this is sullicieiit to unsettle the mind, or even bring about death. To the other horrible features of the medicine-work must be added the cannibalism, which is i)art of the same system. To the Tsimpscan tribe there bchmgfd two cannibals, the chief of the medicine-men. On one occasion, at Fort Simi)son, a young lad died whom Mr. Duncan liad l)een visiting. The morning of the day he died, the chief cannibal had haon with ^Fr. Duncan for some time talking to him. He describc'l him to mo as a ihic-looking, intelligent Indian. Scarcely two hours after he left INFr. Duncan's room (who then lived at the Fort), the sound of the medicine-drum was heard in the cam]) ; and the too-too of this horrid instrument, with all the horrible yells, told of some- thing about to take i)lace amongst the medicine-men. Mr. Duncan was on the gallery of the stockade ; soon ho saw the band of medicine- men, in their paint and feathers and hideous masks, rush from the village on to the beach, headed by the two cannibals stark naked, besmeared also in paint, and looking more like devils than human beings. While the band of followers kept up a howl, and worked their rattles and danced about, the cannibals prowled about near the bushes, sniffing out the dead body, which had been previously placed at a certain spot known to them. Soon they ma- medicine-band. Still Ik! held on, bitttling against it in (.lod's strength, and he has conquered. The |»rinci|/a| cunnilial of the tribe died last year, a contrite yet believing ('liriMtian. It was no death-bed repent- iuice : he had been gathei'ecl out of IiIh heathen darkness wliih; in strong vigorous health. But so gi'i'ut sv(im the effect oi' bis dying wonls upon the tribe, that since his death no ono at Kort Sim[>son amongst the heathen has dared to fill his place, (Vuinilialism is now extinct amotig the Tsim[»seaT) Indiims, and tlie whole medicine-system of ini- ))()stur(! io likely to die out too bejbro very long. 80 much, then, for that. PAUL legak; ANI/ niH iamilv. I ])aid a visit this afternoon to the wife (»f tin* chief, l*anl Legaic, of whom I spoke in a former letter, when 1 mentioned our meeting the Missicm schooner, lie it was who nearly took ^Ir. Duncan's life, at the head of the medicine-band iitlacking the school. They were both baptized by the JJishop last, April. liegaic was the wealthiest chief of the Tsimpseans at Fort Kimpwon. Dc nas lost everything — has had to give up everything by bin (conversion to ( 'hristianitJ^ It was with many of them literidly a " Ibrwiking of all things to follow Christ." His house is the niccist and ]u'ni situated in the village, A very little labour and expense in way of internal fittings would make it (|uite comfortable. He mid his wife have one child only, a young girl of fourteen. She was a modi-ntdooking. jileasing child — very in- telligent — on(^ of the lirst class in hcIiooI, Siie did not look lik*; one who had ever been ''])ossesHed with a devil ; " and yet tiiis is the child whom three years ago her teacher mw Jial<<'(l in the. midst of a howling band, tearing and devouring the bleeding dog. How changed ! She wJio "had the unclean spirit" siti how at the feet of Jesus clothed and in her right mind. CANDIDATP.B loir IJ.M'TISM. l^nesdai/, Odohrr 27.— I went on MJiore in the afternoon, to take up my (piarters with ]\rr. Duncan. AbunI, fniir o'clock the bell was rung, ami the whole village assend)led at the ^^rjioolbouse, wlnni ^Ir. Duncan told them that on the f(jllowlng Sunday. tlio«e who desiriMl it, and also on examination approv^ed themsiilves, would be admitted to Holy Baptism. ( 'andidatos wore t^ a<5scnd)le lli.d. evenin;^ at seven, to give in their 38 VISIT OF THE REV. R. J. DUNDAS TO METLA-KATLA. names. In his address to them ho was very pointed and stringent — fencing in, as lie afterwards told me, the door of admission — so anxious •was he that only the really converted should ofler tlicmselves. Ho told them the strict uncompromising requirements in those who thus sought to join themselves to ('hrist and His service. Better that they should postpone so solemn and awful a step than come to it unprepared. At the hour appointed the candidates were assembled. Fifty-five gave in their names. Several were absent who would have come forward, had they been there ; but, as my coming was never anticipated, at least 150 to 200 were away for their last hunting and fishing excursions before the winter, and would not be back for some weeks. EXAMINATION OF CANDIDATES FOR BAPTISM. Saturday/, October 31.— The Grappler came back this forenoon. I was hard at work with candidates the whole day, from nine a.m. till eleven p.m. Out of fifty-five who offered I accepted thirty-eight ; twenty-one males and seventeen females. I M'as strongly impressed with the real earnestness and devotion of those who came forward ; and with their acquaintance with the simple saving truths of the uos|>el message. Some cases were indeed most touching. ANSWERS OF CONVERTS. I made my questions simple. I aimed at drawing out their know- ledge respecting the Persons and the work of the Holy Trinity, and our need in that work. A few ansAvers may interest you. Comkah(/wu7H, aged about twenty-five, a fine young man. To the inquiry, what led him first to think of Christ, he said, " It was the wint-er before last. The new school was built at Fort Simpson. Mr. Duncan asked all the Indians one Sunday to eome to church. I had never been. 1 went then. He told us of our evil ways, and of God who loved us. It was good to my heart ; I was deep in the ground then ; but now, when I heard this, I waiitad to be free, and to love God : that was the first time I thought of Him." In answer to the inrjuiry about Cod's view of sin, and His feeling towards sinners, he said, "(Tcd's heart is against sin, He is angry with it. But He pitied us. It was all for Jesus' sake." (What did Jesus Christ do for us 1} " Jesus came down from His Father to die for our sins on the Cross." (Is He dead still?) "Oh no ! He roee'up from death. lb; is in heaven now. He is working for us there. He is sprinkling us witb His biooil to make us clean." (What ffust we leave and do to be Christians i) " We must leave our sinful ways ; v/e must have new hearts ; our old hearts are bad. Wo must b(dievo in our Lord." (Who Avill help you 1) "Jesus sends down His Holy Spirit to strengthen our hearts ; v.c nuust keep praying for His good Spirit." (Do yc . pray for it I) " 1 am always working in prayer for God to pity me." (If you are tempitd, what will you do 1) " I will light my sins. God will help me lo fight." This poor man has been a murderer in his heathen '^*ate. Three years ago he was provoked by another of the tribe and wronged in the same wnyr He watched him «.>ut o| now broud Oil wholl k . «*•». -'«h » ^TLA. ANSWERS OF CONVEKTS. 39 stringent — —so anxious selves. He se who thus er that they unprepared. fty-iive gave fue forward, ticipated, at excursions )renoon. I ine A.M. till lirty-eiglit ; f impressed e forward ; ths of the heir know- nnity, and 5. To the It was the )soa Mr. 5h. I had nd of God he ground id to love lis feeling ngry with did Jesus lie for our 5 up from e. He is nust we Eul ways ; tt b(!liovo His Holy His good >iaver for " 1 will has been I'oked by bed him % i vmt of the village at Fort Simpson and then shot him dead. It weighs now upon his mind nmch. Surely out of his darknetis he has been brought to gee light. One or two answers from candidates will serve as specimens of the whole. *' We must stand before God when we die. When the good die then they live truly. They can't live so truly here. God Avill measure all our ways ; He will cast the wicked into darkness with bad spirits, but the good will live with Him in light." Another said : '* God showed His love for us by giving us His Son. Because His Son came He pities us. Jesus died on the Cross. We killed Jesus. Our sins killed Him. He is in heaven now ; He is there to save us ; He is making a place for us, to give us." Another said: "I pray every day to Him ; I say to Him, Oh, my great Father, pity me ! I am poor and weak, help me ; wipe my sins out of Thy great book." Another said : " Jesus is now an Intercessor. He stands between us and God. He died for our sins. His blood is strong to take our sins away. We must take hold of the hand of Jesus." These are some answers of an elderly woman : " I want to take hold of the hand of God. He is willing to pity me ; our sins killed Jesus; but His blood saves us. I must leave all my sins, for Jesus suffered for them. We shall stand before God ; we nuist see God's righteous- ness. He will give His hand to the good, but He will put the wicked away from him." This woman, who cannot be less than fifty, has had no instruction from Mr. Duncan, save what she has heard in church. It has come chiefly from her own .laughter of fifteen, who is one of the Mission-liouse inmates, and has been witli Mr. Duncan for four years, his best and most promising young convert. She has been baptized by the Bishop, and has now been the instructress of her ])arents, both of whom will be baptized by me to-morrow. From two or three elderly men I got of course answers less full. It is hard for them to remeraher truths so as to give d'^f.nite anpt^vers in words. They feel and know more than they can explain. In a few cases Mr. Duncan jaid, if I would allow him, he would not i>ut any questions to theni formally, but would leave them to tell in their own way why they sought for ba])tism. And very touching it was even to listen to tiiem, though I could not understand them. One, with tears streaming down, said he was very old, and must soon die ; but he wanted to be at pe;ice with CJod. He knew his ways had been bad all his life ; but he had had no light ; and no^/ he wanted to belong to Jeops, for he knew Jesus loved him and died for him. Of course I could not hesitate in such case, and .gladly accepted him. Some I rejected, because, being capable of instruction, they hardly came up to the standard required, and it was better that they should be more fully taught as eatecluuuens before admission. A few who satislied me in theiv knowlecige I rejected, because their character for steadiness and goodness was not satisfactory ; and one young woman, of about eighteen, I refused to examine at all. She was guilty of a gross act of lUshonesty last summer, and then left the settlement and returned to the heathen at Fort Simps/, Kovemher 2. — On one of the old Indian sites we landed. It ha<^ been the principal village of six, the siuos of the others b' -; all Vi. ;' ironi where we stood. Legaic's father was the cliief, a powotrj 'Av dreaded warrior. The Indian witli us pomted out the remains o ' 'ii> lodge : tAvo or three enormous beams, four feet in dia- meter, which once lay on upright posts of equal thickness, but now lying on the ground and overgrown with weeds, were all that was left. The posts are generally st^uared and gaudily painted, carved sometimes Avith grotesque liguivs. If the cliief is a great one, to show his wealth and resources, he erects each i>ost of lii:^ house upon a slave, avIio is knocked on the head, throAvn in a hole, and the post planted on his blc dhig body. A little excavation on these old sites AV'ould bring iM-hy a human bone and skull to view. Near this house the Indian poiai jd cnt a solitary fir-tree ; this they told us had been looked upon, in the days Avhen the Indii-PS lived there, as the bad spirits' tree. Bad spirits sat on every branch of it ; and it Avas death for any Indian to go within a hundred yards of it, still more to touch it: none but the medicine-men ever Avciit t(j il, and then only Avhen thi? spirits 42 VISIT OF THE REV. R. J. DUNDAS TO METLA-KATLA, began to grow very tumultuous. Under it, on the rock, near the water's edge, was roughly scooped out the impress of a human figure. This they used to believe had been done by Traimshaara, i.e. the devil. SCHOOL FESTIVAL. — SINGING AND TALE-TELLING. In the afternoon the school was assembled : about 150 juveniles were brought together by the sound of the gong, and were informed by Mr. Duucan that in an hour they were to return with their spoons, dishes, and mugs ; the occasion being a feast, which Lieut. Verney and I were going to bestow. They came accordingly, in great glee. Tlie banquet consisted of rice boiled, and sugar, treacle, and biscuit, that had been, specially prepared on board the Grappler. The order was considerably greater than I have seen prevail at similar festive assemblies in England. There is one custom, considered at home bad breeding, which here is the rule. It is not with the Indians " eat all you can, and pocket none ;" on 'i ^ contrary, it would be a sign that your feast was despised, if the gui ' ^ \ not carry away more than they ate. Before they dispersed, the ^ ig folk sang to us. They have several English songs and rounds and catches among their list. Their singing of " God save the Queen " is excellent. WEDDING FEAST. My feasting for the day was not yet ended. In the evening I was invited to a wedding feast, given by two whom I had that d)».y married. Chairs were set in the centre of the room for myself and Mr. Duncan. Eice, berries, salmon, sugar, with thin flour-cakes and tea, were set before the guests, who were ranged all round the large room of the host's house — not, however, squatting on the ground, as their usual posture is, but on seats temporarily made of plank. I contented myself with bread and tea. The latter I found to be a beverage in no respect connected with the Chinese drink : it was what is called Indian, sometimes Canadian tea, or Labrador tea ; from a shrub that giuws plentifully in the forests of North America, and I daresay elsewhere too. It is used as a substitute for tea by the Hudson's Bay Company's voyagers, in their journeyings tlirougli the Company's territories. To me it tasted very medicinal, but I daresay that among the swamps and snow of these inhospitable regions, a tired drenched traveller might have worse tilings to recruit and warm him. Supper ended, Air. Duncan brought out his concertina, and played them sundry tunes, after which followed a regular talky-talky. They asked riddles, told fables, and discussed the morals, with a degree of intelligence that very far surpasses that of many a rustic assemblage at home. They have some curious and striking fables among them ; here is one : — ** A beaver and a martin were together, playing. * Come to my house,' said the martin. ' I don't climb well,' says the beaver. 'Oh, never mind,' said the martin, ' catch hold of my tail, and I'll pull you up.' So the beaver caught hold of the martin's tail ; but halfway up the tree the treacherous martin whisked his tail away, and down tumb bump go to says shoul deep shore to olc [ .A, near the lan figure, n, i.e. the juveniles informed jir spoons, 'ney and I lee. The icuit, that order was issemblies breeding, you can, your feast they ate. VG several ir singing ng I was ' married. Duncan, were set m of the eir usual ontented ige in no 1 Indian, at giL»ws Isewhero mpany's ■ies. To swamps traveller ' ended, sundry Y asked 'gree of blage at them ; * Come beaver. I'll pull balfway i down children's help to missions. 43 tumbled the beaver. * Ah, ha ! ' laughed the martin, * the beaver has bumped his stomach.* Next day, the beaver meets the martin. < Let's go to that island,' says the beaver. * Well, I'm not a good swimmer,' says the martin. * Never mind,' says the beaver, * you shall sit on my shoulder.' So they started; but halfway over, the beaver dives in deep water, and leaves the martin struggling in vain to reach the shore ! " The moral is easily discovered, but the fable would do credit to old -^sop. TAKING LEAVE OP THE CHRISTIAN VILLAGE. Friday, November 6. — Up anchor, and started at seven. Mr. Duncan came off in his canoe to say good-bye. The Indians ran the ]>ritish ensign up as we passed the flag-statf, which Lieut Verney acknowledged by hoisting all his colours — red, white, and blue — at main, fore, and mizen. And so I bid good-bye to this most interesting place. It takes its position noAV as one of the civilized towns or villages of British Columbia. But it is more than that : it is the enduring witness of the faith and patience and lo\e of one unaided Christian teacher, whose sole reward (the only one he has ever coveted) is the souls he has been the honoured instrument of bringing from darkness to light. " I have seen Missions in various parts of the world before now " (said Lieut. Ycrney to me) ; " but nowhere one that has so im- pressed me with the reality of what has been accomplished." CHILDREN'S HELP TO MISSIONS. As it is important to encourage the early growth of interest in Missionary efforts, the following incidents may not be out of place in this Eeport. A child's offering. During his tour in England the following letter was received by the Bishop of Columbia, dated May 18, 18G4. "My little girl, having been much interested in the Columbia Mission by the account you gave of youi work there, last Siuulay evening in St. Mark's Church, begs to forward the contents of her money-box to aid in the good work. I must apologize for troubling \ou with the order for the amount, but my child being mly seven j-ears old, could not easily understand its reaching you through an indirect channel. The order (for 16s.) is taken out in the little one's name, ' Rosa.' " The Bishop's letter to Eosa : — " My deak Child, I have received your offering for the Mission-work in Colum[)ia. 1 am sure it has God's blessing upon it, for'He loves to see children try to make known His name and sing Ilis praise. There are many poor Indian chiltlren in Colunibia who 44 FUTURE ENDOWMENT OF THE CIIORCH. ai*e tau{?lit only hatred, cniclty, and diuk arts by tbeir parents, and who grow up ignonmt and Hava>,'o. JUU Christian Missions have rescned some, and now they are qnite different ; they hive God and try to follow Jesns. They sing sweet hymns to Christ, ean say beautiful prayers, and repeat their Belief, and portions of tlie Word of God. How ha])i>y ought wc to feel in heljiing on this bright and lovely work. I am glad you have now joined us in it by this gift, and I hope as you grow older you will inorc and more pray and work that the blessed gos]iel be preached in all the world, that those now sitting in darkness and the shadow of death may Hnd liglit, and peace, and joy through knowledge of Jesus Christ, and dwell with Him lor ever. That God may bless you, my dear child, is the prayer of your friend, mi, . ., The Bishop of Columbia. 10 IvOSA. A child's prayer. Another letter received by the Bishop was as follows, dated April 12, 1SG4:— " After you left us on Sunday evening last, and my children had gone to bed, I was surprised to liiid, on going up stairs, tliat one of tlie lit tl(> girls was not asleep, and thiit she was reading. (Mi closer ins]H!ctiun I tnuud slie was reading a ' Prayer tor Missionaries.' I am desirous of telling you this oidy because I feel sure that the ])i'ayers of little chihlren will send you on your way rcjoi(;ing, and you nuay find opportunity of telling some of your people that little English ehil(h-en do pray that your efforts may be yrowned with succesii, and for thoir eternal happiness. " "T si^iriti 1)ccn c "B ill the conie Colon new c made this V of ab the 1 ever FUTURE ENDOWMENT OE THE CHURCH. A "'LAX PROPOSED. An P^ixions subject in the early days of a Colonial Church is the provision of a futuie Endowment. The Columbia ]\Iis.sion Fund, during the last five years, besides meeting the annual in(!ome of the Clergy and other charges, has been used in jnirohase of land, Avhich niny ultimately be of value to the Church. The extent of property so acquired is about 1,200 acres of land, and 24 town lots ; but this may not become profitable for some years. A proposal is lierc; inserted, which exhibits both the good feeling of the colonists to the Mission, and their zeal for the Church. The loan plan is on the principle Avhich has been profitably carried on by several restfctable Couii)anies, of investing in the Colonies money borrowed iu J'. ^ md. In the present case, instead of the profits going to shareholders, .i Committee of leading gentlemen of Vancouver and Coluuibia, offer their services to mamigo the investment, and secure the advantage for the Endowment of the Church. Whether the scheme can be adopted remains to be seen. The notice of it here may interest some of our readers, and x>ossil)ly draw from them practical suggestions, The following letter contains the proposal : — ■■ LOAN PLAN. 4n ho grow up d now tliey sing Hwoet ml i»oition8 ork. I am V older you d in Jill til u 'find light, th Him i'or •LUMBIA. ted April anc to hod, lis wiiti not las rending ansf I foi'l i'^ing, and English ,1 for thoir PvCII. 3h is the besides lias been e to the acres of for some eling of irried on I money ts going ver and 1 sfunire Iier the Bre may ►ractical I *' New Westminster, 4tli April, 18(>4, " My TiOni) Bishop, " The great oilorts made hy your Lordship to raise funds in England for the si)iritnal care of these Colonies, and the suecess with which those elfort.i have l)cen crowned, are generally an(l gratefully a<;knowle(lg(;d. " Hut while the meiiibers of the Church of England liave much cause to rejoice in the blessings thus secured for them, they cannot hut feel that the time must conic round when assistance from the Mother Church will altogether cease, new Colonial Bishoprics will be created, and the alms of the faithful he drawn into new channels. It .a]»pears, therefore, very necessary that some attemjit shouhl be made in the early da.ys of these Colonies to secure an endowment which, when this vast Diocese shall be more thickly populated, will jnovide a litting number of able and earnest Clergy. If trust be ])laceil entirely in the voluntary system, the result will be a body of poor and dependent ministers, with congregations ever tempted to be capricious and exacting. "We, the iiiidersigncd, therefore, strongly impressed with the advantages which will spring from avoiding future difficulties liy timely exertix)ns, beg to ])lace before your Lordship the following plan for providing an eiidownienl for the Church in these Colonies, trusting, that should ir meet with your approval, you may be able to obtain the required capital during your present stay in England. *' We have the honour to be, " My Lord Bishop, *' Your obedient and faithful Servants, [Here follow Signatures.] LOAN PLAN. 1. That a sum of n6t less than 10,000^. be obtained in England from the friends of the Church for a period of ten years. 2. That the money thus borrowed be placed out at interest, and a return of six per centum per annum be made to the cajiitalists. 3. That the capitalists have in these Colonies an agent, without whose sanction no investment shall be made, and who shall half-yearly transmit to them an account of the fund and a report of all invest- ments made therewith. 4. Tliat all interest in excess of six per centum per annum be invested to form a futrie endowment for the Church of England in these Colonies. 5. That the interest invested shall be the property of the capitalists until such time as the loan be paid off, when it shall be made over to the Bishop of Columbia as an endowment of the Church of England in these Colonies. G. That the following gentlemen form a Committee to assist and advise the Bishop of Columbia in carrying out the above plan, viz. [Here follow signatures.] 4(; CONCLUSION. It remains to express hearty thanks to the many friends who as Treasurers and Hon. Secretaries in the various associations have ably forwarded this good work. To the Clergy especially is the Mission indebted for having amongst other pressing calls, found a place for the Columbia ^und. Such sympathy will not be in vain. The distractions of society in America, and the prospect of further troubles in the dismembered States, render it of the deepest moment for the British territories to be well planted now with the best Christian influence of our country and church. No one can estimate too highly the blessings to future generations by a wise and solid foundation of religion now, in a country so likely to become great and powerful. Happy indeed are we if we may contribute to the enlighten- ment and true happiness of mankind. For this did God reveal His word, and bring salvation by Christ. It is our part to further with our might this blessed purpose, and in using the appointed means we ii ay remember it is written, " My word shall not return unto me void, but it shall accomplish that which I please, and it shall prosper in the thing whereto I sent it." And again, " Go ye, teach all nations ; lo, I am with you always, even to the end of the world." 47 LIST OF THE MISSIONARY BODY. CLERGY. 3nds who lociations r having Columbia itions of es in the t for the Christian mate too -nd solid become ilighten- )d reveal further ppointed ot return ie, and it in, "Go a to the NAME. FI.ACE. MISSION. The Right Rev. Geo. Hills, D.D..Victoria Bishop of Columbia and Vancouver. The Ven. H. P. Wright, M.A New Westminster. Archdeacon of Columbia. The Ven. 8. Gilson, M.A Victoria Archdeacon of Vancouver. ' The Rev. R. L. C. Brown, M.A. ..Lilloet Missionary. The Rev. E. Cridge, B.A Victoria Rector of Christ Church Parish. The Rev. R. A. Doolan, B.A. ...Metla-katla Missionary. The Rev. R. J. Dundas, M.A. ...Victoria Rector of St. John's Parish. {Principal of the Indian Mission; Assistant Minister of Christ Church, and Minister of Cedar Hill District. (Minister of St. Paul's Church and the Indian ( Mission .Alberni Missionary. , The Rev. The Rev. The Rev. J. B. Good Nanaimo C. Knipe, M.A. .. R. L. Lowe, B.A. o . . (Minister of North and Soufh Saanich, and Sa«'"*='» i Lake District. The Rev. A. D. Pringle, M.A. Boys' Collegiate of Craig Flower .Hope Missionary. (Vice Principal of the The Rev. W. S. Reece, M.A Victoria < School, and Minister \ District. The Rev. H. Reeve Yale Missionary. The Rev. J. Sheepshanks, M.A...New Westminster. Rector of Holy Trinity Parish. (■principal of the Boys' Collegiate School ; The Rev. T. C.Woods, M.A Victoria < Assistant Minister cf St. John's, and ( Minister of Esquimalt. CATECHISTS. NAME. FX.ACE. MISSIOK. Mr. W. Duncan Metla-katla Fort Simpson, Indian Mission. Mr. R. Cunningham Metla-katla Fort Simpson, Indian Miss:jn. Mr. J. B. Cave Nanaimo Indian Mission. HOME ORGANIZATION. Rev. T. J. RowsKLL. Sir Hakuy Verney, Bakt. M.P. Rev. Canon Nepean. H. D. Skuine, Ewi. RoBEUT Smith, Esq. T. Brightwen, Esq. Rev. H. R. Nevill. Hugh Hammeusley, Esq. G. P. Arden, Esq. Rev. T. K. Richmond. Crcasurer: Hugh Hammebsley, Esq. Messra, Cox & Co. Craig's Court, Charing Cross. eitticalSbtcvtiarji: The Rev. Chaelbs Cbowden, M,A. Has Sittvetatv: O. P. Aeden, Esq. Halsteatl, Essex. Office o£ the Mission, 1a, St. Helen's Place, BisLopsgate Street, Loudon, E.G. Contributions may be paid to the account of the Columbia Mission, at Messrs. CocTTS & Co. 59, Strand ; Cox & Co. Craig's Court, Charing Cross ; Smith, Payne, & Smiths, 1, Lombard Street; Robarts, Lubbock, & Co. Mansion House Street, City ; 79, Pall Mall ; Bank of British Columbia, 80, Lombard Street J and at Messrs. D. La Todche & Co. Castle Street, Dublin. N.B.— Post Oppiob Orders, on Bishopsgate Street, may be made payable and forwarded to Rev. Charles Crowden, 1a, St Helen's Place, Biehopsgate-street, Loudon, E.C. FORM OF BEQUEST. I give ami bequeath unto tlie Treasurer for tJie time being of The Columbia Mission, the sum of , to be raised and 2)(f^id by and out of my ready money, j^lcite, goods, and personal effects, which by law I may or can charge unth the payment of t:*'. ame, and not of any part of my lands, tenements, or hereditaments, to he ap27lied towards accomplishing the designs of the said Mission. ffommittre: Permanent Chairman. I The Rev. T. J. Rowsell, M.A. Rector of St. Margaret's, Lotlibury ; 20, Finsbury Square, London, E.G. I 00 49 "^ trt CM <>» o o o -# o CM I, Finsbury 4) .2 '33 tn Cross. aon, E.C. it Messrs. 3s; Smith, ). Mansion , Lombaru lyable and [ate-street, ^ of The 6e raised personal '.:■*'. ame, is, to he 30 EH 03 U i H .o CO o CO o 2 CM o CO g.2 O O zi -3 3 a s ce t-i ^ ~ gF « OT -g -g "^ *J . O O eO " pH r-l O t^ O 00 -^ CM CM W5 CO CM «o le ^3 to \ -2 Q S ^ o o to ^^ ja fl « tr3 ti, >^ OT •5 a •3U 3i. a: i) CO - 3 = <^ •^ % ■*'3 ■2 £.2 § t^-g 5 ^ » 2 S lis 3 2 — o 3 ■" > a s MO a;> ' IX 0.2 ■^3 O "= •r; J o ? a> O -3 ^ =- i W ^►3 50 NOTICE. TO HON. SECRETAEIES, TREASUREKS, AND FRIENDS. It will be esteemed a favour if any errors found in this Report are pointed out to one of the Secuetauies. Contributors who remit money through the Banks, or the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, will rendu important assistance, and prevent mistakes, if tliey will kindly, at the sann time, send particulars, with list of subscribers, to the Lay Secretary, G. P. AliDEN, Esq., Halstead, Essex. It is particularly refjuested that, when monev is paid in, the navic and address of the person payinj,' be given to tlie Bankers. AGENTS TO THE MISSION. MESSBS. HENDERSON AND BURN A BY, 17, Gracechurch-street, Lond.-n, and Victoria, Vancouver Island ; who will give information about routes, passage, freight, and take charge ut | parcels, goods, packages, for Vancouver and Columbia. R. CLAV, SON, AND TAV'LOR, PRINTKRS. LONro\> EKS, are pointed ney througli , will rt'iuUi at the sauii retary, G. P. when monev e Bankers. iet, Londi>ii. ke charge ut I