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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m6thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 THE PlCrOU COAL AND IRON CO., NOVA SCO ri A, DOMINION OF CANADA. REPORTS BY Du. J. W Daw.som, P.R.S. ; G. M. Rwvsov, Associate op the School of Mines, London; Walter Shanly, Esq.; Kbnnett Blagkwell, Esq., and Edwin Gilpin, Esq., M.A., F.G.8., Mining Engineer. TOGETHER WITH ESTIMATES AND TABLES OP ANALYSES. J. D. Crawford & Co. Brokers. OFFICES PICTOU COAL # IRON CO., Hospital Street, Montreal. |tta»tmit: PRINTED BY THE LOVELL PRINTING AND PUBLISHING COMPANY, 1875. c. «^c.<. 1 I <^ / u .^^ t-v#»^il» Bufland-EMWiti Miii^«phi « 6S 61 SHEWING POSITION OF PROPCRTY& COMMUNICATIONS BY BAIL AND WATER O ■• THE PICTOU COAL & IRON COMPANY Scale. af^i^fkakMiu in^apenaunu - . JDf pmoosed/- I^iceouCoa/^/nm fbtft^fo/^'s 2^jterh/ ■§ (AanuviA^ . . ... . _^ ^ M «6 U n 62 !n>»"Burland-D»«>)ar«t»lJS«)^»piiic Com5«nr. 7 ®tm>LAN SHOWING THE RELATIVE POSITIONS OF THE PICTOU COAL & ^IRON FIELDS, COLLIERIES & COAL RAILWAYS, ORE DEPOSITS & MINING AREAS COVERING THEM & LIMESTONE QUARRIES , SURVEYED LINE OF RAILWAY TO TAP IRON DEPOSITS OF THE EAST RIVER MARKED IN RED . L THE PICTOD COAL AND IRON CO., N OVA- SCOTIA, DOMINION OF CANADA REPORTS BY Dr. J. W, Dawson, F.R.S. ; G. M. Dawson, Associate of the School op Mines, London ; Walter Siianly, Esq. ; Kennett Blackwell, Esq., and Edwin Gilpin, Esq., M.A., F.G.S., Mining Enginkep. TOOKTHBIl WITH ESTIMATES AND TABLES OF ANALYSES. 7 J. D. CnAwroBD-A Co. Brokers, OFFICES PIVTOU COAL # IRON CO., Hospital Street, Montreal, PRINTED BY THE LOVELL PRINTING AND PUBLISHING COMPANY, 1875. THE PICTOU COAL AND IRON COMPANY, ' nova scotia, Dominion of Canada. This Company is formed for the purpose of acquiring and 'developing certain deposits of iron ores in the County of Pictou, Nova Scotia, held under Mining Rights and Leases, from the Oovernment of Nova Scotia, for a term of 21 years, renewable for three further periods of 20 years each, subject to a nominal royalty of 3 cents per ton, the whole embracing an area exceeding 20 square miles. These ores are of great value from their quantity, variety, rich- ness, accessibility, and proximity to large deposits of coal now being extensively worked. The coals of the Pictou Mines, as described in the Government Geological Reports, are peculiarly free from sulphur, and according to Mr. S. B. Coxon, F.G.S., F.R.G.S., manager of the.Usworth Colliery, Durham, and Director of the Albion Coal Mining Co., Nova Scotia, among other eminent authorities, coke equal to the best North Durham coke has been made from them. The Nova Scotia Government Railway from Halifax to Pictou Harbour crosses the property and connects with the railway sys- tem of Canada and the United States. The Harbour of Pictou- where Atlantic steamers take in coal, is 24 miles distant, and Hali- fax Harbour, open all the year, is 89 miles distant by rail. 2 I t The Iron and Coal Fields of Pictou are described in the Eeports to Government by Sir William Logan, F.R.S., F.G.S., Alfred Sel- wyn, F.R.S., F.G.S., Directors of the Geological Survey of Canada. They had been previously described and have been more recently visited and reported on for this Company, by Dr. J. W. Dawson, F.R.S., F.G.S., Principal of the University, Montreal, and by Mr. G. M. Dawson, Associate of the Royal School of Mines, London, Walter Shanly, Esq., and Edwin Gilpin Esq., M.A., F.G.S., mem- ber of the Newcastle Institute of Mining Engineers. These reports (except Mr. Gilpin's) have been submitted to David Forbes, Esq., F.R.S., Member of the Council of tho Institute of Civil Engineers, who states that this Property possesses all the elements of success. /^ The Iron Ore deposits, which Dr. Dawson states to be the most valuable at present known on the Eastern coast of North America, consist of — 1. Spathic iron ore, containing 42 per cent, of metallic iron, in a bed 6 to 10 feet in thickness. 2. Red Hematite, 10 to 30 feet in thickness, containing 50 per cent, of metallic iron. 3. Specular iron ore, 10 to 20 feet thick, contf^ining 60 to 68 per cent, of metallic iron. 4. Brown Hematite, 15 to 25 feet thick, giving 62 to 65 per cent, of metallic iron. Careful and complete assays have been made by Dr. Stevenson MacAdam, F.R.S.E., Professor of Chemistry, Edinburgh, and by Dr. T. E. Thorpe, F.R.S.E., Professor of Chemistry, and Public Analyst for the City of Glasgow. Other Analyses are to be found in the Government of Canada Official Reports. The supply of these ores, which are remarkably /ree from Sul- phur and phosphorus is practically inexhaustible. Di*. Dawson estimates the quantity of ore to be won at a depth of 200 feet only, which can scarcely be called mining, to bo not less than nine mil- lions of tons. The quantity alre&dj proved is estimated at two millions of tons, or sufficient to supply three furnaces for thirty years, reckoning the requirements of each furnace at 700,000 tons of ore. These estimates are corroborated by Mr. Shanly. The ores crop out on the surface, and are in most instances from 200 to 400 feet above drainage level, thus saving the cost of arti- ficial drainage ; and admitting of their being won by open-cast workings. Mr. G. M. Dawson estimates the cost of raising the ore '^f-^ Alfred Sel. ;;7«^ Canada. t \^' Dawson, ^'y, London ;; ^-G-S., mem- ^^'ttedtoDaWd ' institute of ssesses alj the ' ^® t^e most 'J'tii America, aliie iron, in "^■"^ 50 per ? «0 to 68 to 65 pe^ Stevenson ^; and hy ^d Pubiic *>e found Dawson -et only, '^e mii. of tons, toning- These ' from ' arti. a-cast e ore 8 I at 80 cents to 1 dollar, or 4s. per ton. Mr, Forbes considers half this cost sufficient. The price of coal in Pictou is $2 lo $2.50 per ton of 2,240 Ibe. Small coal for coking is $1 to $1.50 per ton. Many of the coal seams make an excellent hard coke, which can be supplied in any quantity. Wood for purposes of construction, and for charcoal-making, is abundant and cheap. Limestone is abundant in the vicinity, and is quarried and sold for 40 etc. per ton. Excellent fire-bricks have been manufactured in the neighbourhood. The County of Pictou, being one of the most populous in Nova Scotia, and already the seat of considerable mining industries, pre- sents great facilities for obtaining skilled labour, machinery, and supplies ; labour ranges from 4s to &s per diem. There is a large and growing market in Canada for iron of all descriptions, there being many Eailwaysin course of construction, and to be built, including the Pacific Railway through British Territory, for which the Parliament of Canada have voted large land grants, and thirty millions of dollars. The total value of the exports of pig iron and manufactured iron from ports •f the United Kingdom to Canada dm*ing 1872 amounted to over $1 1,000,- 000. For 1873 to over $8,000,000. There is also a large importation of iron and rails from the United States. The high character of Nova Scotia iron is well known in Eng- land, and is thus described by Sir Wm. Fairbairn in his " History of Iron:" — " In Nova Scotia some of ihe richest ores yet discovered, occur inexhaustless abundance. The iron manufactured from them is of the very best quality, and is equal to the finest Swedish metal. Several specimens have been submitted to direct experiment, and the results prove its high powers of resistance to strain, durability, and the adaptation to all those processes by which the finest de-J scriptions of iron and steel are manufactured." From the richness of the ores of Nova Scotia, and the abundance and cheapness of fuel, coal, coke and charcoal, it is confidently asserted that the highest class of iron can be manufactured for less than the cost of ordinary English pig iron. The cost of producing Eessemer pig iron in Nova Scotia, for which some of the Pictou ores are suitable, will not exceed $15 per ton. In this estimate an allowance of 50 per cent, over actual cost is made for contingencies. From the great variety of the ores, Bessemer as well as ordinary Foundry pig can be made at Pictou. 4 Estimated - where 3re-clajrs ^ cost of 'rs with %ment assured eon tin. » Jrs. I ;#^ MEMORANDUM ON IRON ORES IN THE COUNTY OF PICTOU, NOVA SCOTIA, BY J. W. DAWSON, LL.D., F.R.S., Principal of the University, Montreal. These Ores, from their variety, richness, accessibility, and proxi- mity to large deposits of coal already extensively worked, are in my opinion the most valuable at present known on the Eastern Coast of North America. They were examined and in part de- scribed by me as early as 1855, and I have since revisited the localities on several occasions, and have kept myself informed as to the new discoveries which have been made. The areas referred to in this Memorandum, amounting to about 20 square miles, are believed to include the whole or nearly the whole of the more important Pictou County deposits, as follows: — 1.— SPATHIC ORE. This is a bed of crystalline Spathic iron or Siderite, occurring in the Lower Carboniferous series, near Sutherland's River in the County of Pictou. As described by Mr. G. M. Dawson, who prosecuted works of exploration in it last year, it is a conformable bed, occurring in the Lower Carboniferous red sandstones, and varying from 6 feet 6 inches to 10 feet 6 inches in thickness. It i» accompanied with smaller bands of the same mineral, and is associated with limestone and gypsum. This ore is a true Spathic Iron, granular and crystalline in texture, and, when unweathered, of a light grey colour. It affords from 42 to 43 per cent, of iron, and contains from 2 to 8 per cent, of manganese. This bed is only 4 miles distant from the " Vale " colliery. (See annexed reports by Messrs. G, M. Dawson, Walter Shanly, K. Blackwell, and E. Gilpin, also Tables of Analyses.) 2.— RED HEMATITE. This ore-bed where most largely developed attains a thickness of about 30 feet, and in places where it has been opened up by exploratory works, it has been found to afford from 10 to 30 feet 6 in thickness of good ore. The ore is a red hematite, sometimes compact and laminated, but more frequently of an oolitic character, occasioned by the arrangement of the peroxide of iron in minute concretions enveloping grains of sand. It crops out on several anticlinal lines traversing the property, and along these different lines of outcrop the bed has been traced for several miles, and, being of a hard and resisting character, it rises into some of the higher elevations of the country. Though not one of the richest ores of the district, its great quantity and accessibility I'ender it highly important for practical purposes. The analyses made of it show Ji per-centage of metal varying from 43 to 54 per cent. The foreign matter is principally Silica, and the proportions of Phosphorus and Sulphur are [small — one of the specimens analyzed affording none whatever, another .22 Phosphoric Acid and .29 Sulphur. (See annexed reports and Tables of Analyses.) 3.— SPECULAR lEOK This deposit is a vein of rich Specular Iron Ore associated with Magnetic Iron, and running through slates and quartz rock. It is of great extent and value, and will afford a quality of Ore adapted for making the best kinds of wrought iron and steel. The vein in some parts of its coui'se attains to a thickness of 20 ft., and has now been proved for more than a mile. Average samples taken from the thickest part of the vein yielded on an analysis 64 to 68 per cent, of metallic iron. (See annexed reports and Tables of Analyses.) 4.— BROWN HEMATITE, OR LIMONITE. This is a thick vein of Crystalline Brown Hematite or Limonite occurring at the Junction of the Cpboniferous and Silurian Rocks. The ore is capable of affoi'ding 59 per cent, of metallic iron, and is free a-om all injurious impurities. It extends through the areas COT jred by one of the mining rights for about three-quarters of a mile, and appears to extend over a second area on which it has not yet beefi opened. As is usually the case with veins of this mineral, its thickness is variable ; but, in two places where it has been opened, it has shown a thickness ranging from fifteen to twenty-five feet. ^'^tue, sometimes oohtic character '^ "-on in minute' P« out on several S these different ^^raJ miJes, and, f^to some of the e of the richest ^^'ity render it ^^yses made of '^ 5^ per cent, proportions of ^® specimens >sphoric Acid Another deposit of Limonite, apparently of great magnitude .cfurf on a mUg area secured on the West Branch of the East liver, near the Provincial Railway. • (See annexed reports and Tables of Analyses.) McGiLL College, Montreal, May, 1873. . ociated M-ith ■^^ rocJc. It ^'^y of Ore ' ^nd steel. 'ss of 20 ft., ?e samples JnaJj'sis 64 'limonite n Rocks. ^} and is e areas 5rs of a ^ it has of this it has een to / REPORT ON EXPLORATIONS OF THE IRON ORE DEPOSITS OF PICTOU COUNTY, NOVA SCOTIA. By Mr. G. M. Dawson, Associate of the Royal School of Mines, Jermyn Street, London. The following Statements relate to exploratory works conduct- ed in October last on the iron deposits of Pictou County. The object of these explorations was more fully to open up the depos- * its and to ascertain their precise extent and value. I shall confine myself in the main to results of these examinations, referring for other facts to previous reports on the properties. Spathic Iron Orb, near Sutherland's River, Merigomish. This very pure ore occurs as a bed in Lower Carboniferous rocks. The surface of the country is very deeply and uniformly covered by drift material, and explorations on the area have been attended with considerable difficulty, it having been necessary to sink and: cross cut in the enclosing rocks. The ore is very well exposed in the bank of a brook. At this point, and near the level of the brook, a shaft 14 ft. deep has been made, and the ore proven to that depth, and its general character more clearly defined. It is evi- dently somewhat nodular in structure, being softer and harder in some places, and its junction with the overlying and underlying- rocks having an undulating character. At the brook level the bed has a thickness of 10 ft. 6 in. At the bottom of the shaft this has decreased to 6 ft. 6 in., and it is proba- ble that the ore, as followed, will continue thinning and thickening alternately. The dip of the ore and surrounding rocks is about S. 25 E., at an angle of 60°, and underlyinj, the main bed of ore about 4 ft, was a small ore bed 6 in. in thir.kness. A small shaft was sunk both East and W st of t e brook exposure, and at distances from it of 941 and 215 ft. respectively. The measures have been cross- cut several feet North and Sotth in each, but as yet without dis- covering the ore bed. Small ttrings and layers of carbonate of ^f ^^I'OSITS OF h^ool Of Mines, 7^'^« condact. County. T^^ ""Pthedepos.- ^ «^aii confine '' '•eftrring fo^ ^ covered bjr ^«n attended ^ to sink and ' exposed in '^*^e brook '^«« to that ■ft is evi- ^ harder \n underlying. ^•. At the '/sproba- 'Jckenijig. 25 E, at )ut 4 ft. as sunk ®«froni » cross- ut dis- 'ateof 9 ron contained in reddish clayey sandstone were passed through In both places, showing that the bed was not far off; and in the forth level from the West shaft, when we were obliged to suspend )perations, the prospect seemed very good. This ore is a very pure crystalline carbonate of iron. Surface [specimens are of a rusty colour, but in depth and where it is un- [ acted on by the weather, it has a peai-ly-grey appearance. It would yield a very superior quality of iron, and will be specially valuable for mixture with the more silicious ores from others of the areas. Red Hematite. — This deposit is situated on area 101, and has, by its outcrop And surface masses of ore, been traced completely across the area in a general direction nearly East and West. The ore occurs as a bed in greyish and black slates, and on the whole dips Northward, generally at a high angle. The Western end of the outcrop, being on high ground and easy of access, was chosen as the part of the bed where information concerning its general character and thickness could be most easily obtained. In the course of the operations, about a mile of the outcrop has been well defined by trenching, and openings in the substance of the ore itself, from which a considerable quantity of ore has been blasted out, and now lies in heaps at the surface. In the furthest East trench made on the outcrop of the ore bed (marked A in Plan), it is nearly vertical, and shows 22 ft. of ore^ the greater part of which is of excellent quality, and almost free from intercalated layers of slate. At a distance of 594 ft. West- ward from this trench, an opening of some size, and going down about 10 ft. on the ore, has been made (section I). The dip of the bed is here N. 29^ E. at an angle of 58°. The upper layer of ore is 4 ft. 4 in. thick, and rests upon a second layer 3 ft. in thickness. Below this is a parting of slate 2 ft. 11 in., and underlying this a third bench of very good ore 3 ft. 3 in. thick. There is thus alto- gether, and deducting the slate parting, 10 ft. Tin. of ore. At 198 ft. West of this opening is a trench completely crossing the outcrop, and showing a section of the bed, measuring on the sur- face and including some small slate partings 27 ft. across. The dip is here N. 15° E. at an angle of 62°. Near this trench the out- crop changes its course, and bends sharply off to the North, passes round the nose of an anticlinal, returns nearly South, and then resumes its old East-West course. Both sides of this anticlinal have been explored, and the appearance of the ore is here specially good, both as regards its quality and thickness. In the opening 10 \ 1 on tho East side (section II., and marked in Plan), in which Uk ore bod was followed down about 15 ft. on the dip, the lowest bond of ore is of very oxcoUont quality and 6 ft. in thickness. Above this lies 3 ft. 10 in. of slate and slatoj' ore. Then 3 ft. of ore. Next a bench of 2 ft. 6 in. of ore, and above this three contiguous layers of ore, each about a foot thick. The slate roof was not actually reached, as the rock fell away rapidly under tho drift material. Tho total thickness proven amounted to 14 ft. 6 in. On the "West side of tho anticlinal a considerable length of out- crop has been bared of trees and soil, and shows ore of good quali- ty and groat surface breadth (about 30 ft.) though the dip, not being distinctly shown, tho precise thickness remained undeter- mined. At tho exposure (marked D in Plan) tho ore has resumed its old course, and runs nearly East and West. It is nearly v voal, and about 15 ft. in width. In the woods to the "West of this last opening numerous frag- ments of ore occur in the line of the outcrop of the bed, as indica- ted by the general strike of the slates. At the Western end of those indications a trench has been made and the ore exposed, though in the place chosen the bed is considerably fractured by email faults. Tho ore itself is a voiy compact, somewhat silicious. Rod Hema- tite. As the ground slopes rapidly away to the South, drainage of any workings upon it will be easy. The ore might first be extract- ed, by open cast, on the outcrop, and a vast quantity would in this way be easily obtainable. The ore, though hard under tho drill, yields easily to powder, and might, I believe, at the present value of labour, be extracted at from 80c. to $1 per ton. It will be observed that the ore has a general tendency to im- prove in proceeding Eastward, and in this direction is shown to exist quite across area 101 by exposures of outcrop and surface masses, as indicated in tho General Plan attached to previous reports. Specular Iron Ore.— This ore occurs on the square mile marked 100 on the Government Plan. The country rock is a blackish elate with occasional beds of quartzite, and it is with one of the latter beds that the ore is most closely associated. Tho strata are in general undulating, and in places somewhat contorted, but preserve a pretty uniform Southerly dip at an angle of from 60° to ■70^. The ore deposit occurs as a true lode but following very nearly. 1 ^*' not 11 '« thi'oe slate ^y under H "' ""' !;'^ ^««un,ed its oa/. *°"« /i-a^. numoj ■^^^' ^ 'ndicl ^^^«-« end o, ^"^^^^U'-ed by ^ the dr/i/ '•^««t vaiue' 'J' to iuj, SAoWr;, to ' surface Previous f^arted of tie ta are ' but '^°to ar/jr strike of the containing rocks, and, so far as our explorations vo gone, appearing to be as nearly as ponsiblo vortical. It has on exposed by trenching and proved by small shafts from the astern boundary of the area Westward for a considerable distance, lough as yet not quite across to the Western line. Of its oxton- ion across the entire area, however, there can be no doubt from phe indications, and the ore is known to occur on some of the other prcas both East and West of this, though its value has not yet been (Iprovcn by actual exposure of its thickness and quality. ,' At the Eastern boundary of area 100 the outcrop of the lode is fcxhibited in a trench (marked A in Plan) and shows a thickness of 12 ft. of ore, though with some thin leaves of intercalated slate. A short distance West of this is another costening trench in ivhich the lode is shown to have a thickness of 5 ft. 6 in. of good I and pure ore. About 900 feet Westward from this a shaft 18 ft. deep has been sunk on the crop of the lode. At a short distance from the sur- face a horse of hard quartzite rock, more or less impregnated with ore, encroached on the Southern side, but at the bottom this was passed through and the ore found passing under and cutting it out. The lode was cross-cut at a depth of 13 ft. and the thickness found to be 10 ft, including, however, about a foot of slate At the bottom of the shaft the lode was widening. From this shaft alone about 40 tons of good ore were extracted. In connection with the quartzite horse and wall a small quantity of iron pyrites was found in association with the ore. From this shaft 1086 ft. Westward on the course of the lode a second opening (marked C on Plan) was made and carried down to a depth of about 13 ft. At this place the true lode was missed, and quartzite and hard slate impregnated with ore continued to the bottom. By subsequent trenching (marked D) the lode was discovered to lie abou<. 30 ft. South of the shaft, and it there exhibited a very favourable appearance, and showed 20 ft., of good and very pure ore. The southern wall was not found, as the rock ■dipped away fast, and the water was troublesome. Thisdeposic of Specular and Micaceous iron ore is situated like the Red Hematite on high ground, and the course of the lode is cut across in several places by deep brook valleys, which, though encumbered by drift and presenting no good exposures of the deposit at present, will offer great advantages by allowing free drainage to a very considerable depth. LiMONiTE OR Brown Hematite.— This valuable ore is situated 12 extend ,„ a nearly North and Sonth dlTc'tinn V "^ '"'"<"'"'"'» distance on the North sido of the , . ™"''"" ''"• » considerable deposit have been unavoidably detainlrtT.i ,''''"'*"'''"' °" «'i» work ha, given a ™„ch lX:tnolM^^l^> '"^ '''''' '''y' went. The lode itself has been elTl 5 • '" •=■""•»<"«>• «>.d ••.ppears to run in a directiornearivT "?.'" " ™"" '"^''- «"■' 'ine of the indications. I wou M fherefo^ ""^''^ *" """ «'"""' its course will be found to chan Ij! !' "'^r^' P«>bable that been sh,f,«i by small fa Its tI .r^'r"""^' "' """ " <"« thickness of about 15 ft ' of Tl ™ ^"P'''^' «bows a that ascertained by the first „n<.„?' ■""' . °'' "^"'•>' <'<>»bIo spoken of in previous roporsweTr/ '" -^''''"' """^■"■ements bounded by a wall of somXI whn /..""^ ""^ '"' ">» »■•« '•' of the solid ore is followed down' L ' , *' ""''■• ''''^ "•« «beek 2 ft. 8 in, in „id,k „„,, tMlelint^' '""'" °^™"'='''«°™>-y ore the conc^tionary ore, or " ot s^vfrrf ' ?" '"""' ™" "^ «nd White clay, app„;e„tly olZtZt C'/"'' ^''*'^^ place. The "ore mavel" „•« ^'''"''"'^'oniposed in ore and the clay to^depth of 8 7"™,':^ '""" '^'"^''" "^^ "oM «nd the South cheek of "^the IL I 1 ' "'™'''" ^^' ■'" l«"g'h ; be almost precisely venifa^ ^stet^r r"^^"' ''^ ^-"^ '» 'n tbii'^rr ir^p^d rr V '"^-"--'' parts of the property on whicHv T "* """ ""''*■ »» other -y work, it one ^C ZlZuZZr' ""?" "■"""« '» "» ore, some of them weisrhiiS r^v^ . . ^ ™''^' '"'■«'""»''«o» of -posed; and ore mal et ^ Z™ or"! """ *" -™ P<""y across the aifa ® ""^ '*'* *"^o. extend quite of crystalline black oxide of ml ' """""""ble quantity The various oTes above I ^^''* '" "^"'^""^ with it. ^ tbe great coal djp llw p "u^r, '» "« "-gbbourhood of --t -er.a;dt:ratrttTCm-rttrn::^^- 'ft t I '""^ above «„ . S K to tw • """ ^"""^-i Cat f "*^ wa// Of [';!^]he solid '«« foam to ^* 00 other ^«^^e to da Masses of '^" Partijr ^^ quite ce fra^. ^^e 23ei'. ft. "^ 13 ranches with a single railway following the course of the river falloy. The valley is admirably suited for such a railway, being lat, and in groat part consisting of " intervale" land. The pro- )08ed railway would strike the Government railway near Hope- rell, at the forks of the East River, and here it might be best to ferect furnaces. Broad gauge colliery railways have cost in this vicinity from f$15,000 to $20,000 per mile, but should it be decided to erect furnaces at the Forks, and there to meet the coal brought by the provincial railway, a narrow gauge road would be quite suitable for the transport of the iron ores, and could bo completed for a very much smaller sum. Limestone of good quality and In great abundance exists in the valley of the East River, and quarries could be opened in imme- diate proximity to the railway. In a quarry just above Spring- ville, 15 ft. of very pure limestone is worked. Another bed not worked, but said to be 6 ft., underlies this, and still lower in the series is an immense bed of blackish limestone, said to yield a very strong lime. Any railway passing down the valley of the river would have to pass over the out-crop of those beds. The limestone at present worked is quarried free for 40 cents per ton. The coal of Pictou County has been shown by numerous analyses to be very free from sulphur, and is adapted for the manufacture of good hard coke. There are at present lour coal mines in active operation, and others preparing for work. The price has now for some time remained at $2 (8s.) per ton delivered on board ship at the various loading grounds. In connection with the coal beds are fire clays, and should a demand for fire bricks arise, in all probability .some of these will prove well suited for their manufacture. Fire bricks formerly manufactured from a clay in the neighbourhood of New Glasgow were considered to be of excellent quality. Labour at present commands from $1 to $1.50 (4s. to 6s.) per diem. 3IcGiLL College, Montreal, Nov. 18,1872. ijr EORGE M. DAWSON. TO THE PROPRIETORS OP THE PICTOU IRON DEPOSITS, NOVA SCOTIAl REPORT OF WALTER SHANLiT, ESQ., C.E. New Glasgow, N.S., 12th May, 1873. I have made a full and careful examination of the several veins or deposits of iron-ore specified in- the reports of Principal Dawson, F.R.S.,and««d about .;"^« ««ibraced ly'^'-' Since '^"- Tbeex- ' ««««factorv '^f^ ^'^ con- '* seems to ^^ selected ^oj^aitj. or 'y datura/ 'f on the ® ^iVer " within ^ble. ])f 'ai*acter •e bed. jIMONITE. — The Brown Hematite, or "Limonite" Ore-bed has m proved on the " Fraser Saddler Farm," in the valley of tha ist River, six miles in a direct line S. 45^ W. from the Eed [ematite at Webster's. The principal opening made here by Jr. G. M. Dawson uncovers a vein of 17 ft. in width, " of the very ist quality of the class" (Dr. MacAdam). It makes a most romising " show," and requires only to be carefully followed, it my belief, to establish the existence of a vast and continuous de- posit of this most valuable ore. The bed is on the East side of Cast River, and, for facilities of access, drainage and shipment, is ihe most favourably circumstanced of all the several deposits ^hich are the subject of this letter. Specclae Ore. — The area (one mile square) on which openings ;to prove the Specular ore vein have been made, lies on the West Bide of East River some 450 ft. above the level of the valley. ^ Three openings at distances of 900 ft. and 1,086 ft. apart re- spectively, have been sunk upon the bed, showing a vein of 10-12 and 20 ft. in width. It is beautiful ore, " a very lino, rich, specu- lar ore," as pronounced by Dr. MacAdam. The existence of a continuous vein, angling across the area, .is undoubted ; the quantity of ore practically inexhaustible. (Since this was written explorations during the summer of 1874 have been continued under Mr. E. Gilpin, M.A., F.G-.S., Mining Engineer, who has also made a survey of the proposed tramway to connect the coal and iron deposits. These explftrations have proved still further the extensive character of the iron deposits,^ and also the existence of a highly magnetic ore adjoining the principal Specular deposit, but not yet proved to any extent.) Accessibility. — With the exception of the Spathic, all the ore beds here treated of lie in the water-shed of the East River. The- Red Hematite and Specular outcrops at high elevations above the valley, but to be reached by rail or tramways without extra- ordinary difficulty or expense. The length of main line to be con- structed to bring the Red Hematite (the furthest-off deposit) to the Pictou and Halifax Railway will be from twelve to fifteet* miles ; the other ** East River deposits" being served by short spurs or branches from the main track. The Spathic bed is on the water-shed of the Sutherland River (falling into Merigomish Bay). It will require a separate and distinct railway from that in the East Valley, but it seems probable that the line contemplated (and 16 of the ore for one-half th.^'- . . " "''"^'■™ ">e transi «ve„tua% be determiLd 'hf s„ai— ''■ «'"'»™' ""« >n| -Uan .eara^o. dea,;;et!:rar;.::d;;;:^^^^^^^^^^^ SravEra.-! would recommend that » .,. ■ 1 organ^ed and put into the field earlyTn the ^^'"« P"'''^ ''I ascertain the most feasible line for Z ■, *""""'»■ as well tl M3.fordetermi„i„,th::;";.;:r4;:^^^^ the already selected areas. Some skni T 7 '^»"'™sof eachofi »oedcdi„ the selection of the mZ fit «perience will be termed the " main line" nZ the „ jnt J™"?- '"' "■"" ""y "o fax and Pictou line to the MHlZZi'?''''''' "'"■ "■« Hali- also be made in connection wUhZsmtbH ^- '"™^ *""''' was written the Vale ColliorT Kailt, 1 ? ''"I"''"- (^'^'^ this in two miles of this deS a,^dT ' ^^ """P'"'**'' '» ^"h- Mr. Shani, satisfactorii;r l/e^eVb; C ;i;;rr'"™^-' ""^ -■frtr;-^.t^--r^^^^^^^ eKtent of territory. The devvlo„r. I . 'P"'" '" >■<»"• wide certainly of n>ostVom,^i„tc a^c ter b"uf r" ''"" '"•^''' "" reason for concluding that equals ^1^ '" "* "" «««' «till to be discovercd^r«/,r!itM„ iT''' "'" ™'"* "-"'^ ■">* territory atill to bo exp lorll t T'^ ^"'"•^ "'"'^^ of Limonite exist on area M „« k *^ '"dications of a vein of I.-o„ Mines Eailway Z^ HXa^,:;";';! *» /"-««» of the be. «aiiiax and Pictou line is likely to -f a"sirf:r7he7:l1t:n7;lr:er ^r?'"'- - «>e selection carefully considered, and fhould be ubm tt'e/.T.""-"" '" '"' ^'^ -0 one Of large experience in « ^ bl^tr4.tV:,t~ oftrKrre^;Ti~^£"^'-^™^^^^ ^ably there he fofnd In^^ult^S^ X'; ^^^ ''"' P™ "•« ItacBean coal « ^"f^ervo the r * ' «" - -h olfl^^ .-„„ .^^O' each of ^''Pei-ienco will i> '':. «"• -hat :«; ,': """"With the Ha,™ ^ ^'^- evince thia '^-"^Piotedtowith 17 '7« '-«^gregat- " ! "^ yonr wide *^^^«e areas are ^^» be no good ^^'"^ i^ave not «q»are miles of ^' «^ a vein of "fiction of the '«e is likely to nient association with one another and with coal. Other con tions, such as facilities for getting out the ore and advantages of ipment by sea and rail, are also highly favourable. " The hole, or nearly the whole, of the Pictou deposits," says Dr. Daw- n, " are included in this property," and I cannot see any reason doubt but that New Glasgow is destined to become the centre a vast iron-making district, as it already is of the coal-mining dustry of Nova Scotia. Mr. Kennet Blackwell accompanied me in my examination of e property and has rendered efficient assistance. His know- edge of the Londonderry Mines (which I have not seen) enables jhim to make a comparison between the ore beds there and those in the Pictou areas, and generally as to the other features of the two Iproperties. I enclose his notes on the result of our joint explora- ^tion, and which have been drawn up wholly independently of my Pown remarks. I am. Yours faithfully, W. SHANLY. Notes and Memoranda on Pictou Iron Deposits made by Mr. Kennet Blackwell while assisting Mr. Walter Shanly in his examination of the above property, the examination being made with the chief object in view of confirming and verifying the infor- mation contained in the reports of Principal Dawson, F.R.S., and Mr. G. M. Dawson on the same. The question of the quantity of the ore need only be briefly alluded to. The openings on the several dej)0sits show the ores to be of a very uniform character and composition, and the samples taken therefrom have given the most satisfactory results in the analysis made, entitling them to the highest rank in the class of ore to which they belong. As regards the quantity of ore on the property, it would be impossible even to approximate a limit to the probable yield of the various deposits until further and more extensive explorations have been made, although the natural exposures and indications, as well as the openings already made, do now most certainly war- rant the expectatit)n of a yield to a certain amount, the extent of which may readily be assumed from the following :— Spathic Ore. — This is the first deposit referred to by the Messrs. Dawson in their reports ; the position, character and dimensions of the bed was found to be exactly as they describe it, and since the B II '11 ' it-,' 18 continuance of the bed has beer satisfactorily proved, by a second shaft which has been sunk on it to the Eastward of the first shaft on the opposite side of the brook, both at this point as well as in the shaft that Mr. Dawson caused to be sunk. A thick streak of Limestone was found to exist in the middle of the bod of Spathic ; this fact, of course, by no means decreases the value of the ore. From an inspection of the shaft and the small tunnel therefrom it could easily be seen that the bed is well-defined, although somewhat irregular in width, and could be easily worked as the material yields readily to blasting, and is not of a very hard texture throughout ; portions of it, however, are of a very gritty texture. This ore will, no doubt, prove a most valuable feature of this property. Hematite, Red. — This the next deposit referred to by Mr. Dawson after having made thorough examination along the entire line of the " out-crop " of this vein, and visited all the openings made on the same ; the general character and dimensions as de- seribed in the report were found to be perfectly correct. This " selected " area embraced the Eastern slope as well as the flat ground on the summit; the vein is here so well defined and proved in its general character and size that an approximate estimate may readily be arrived at of the probable amount of ore contained in that portion of the vein that lies above the level of the bottom of the valleys on either side of McLellan's Mountain. After taking the fact into consideration that this vein're-appears both East and "West of this area at elevations considerably lower than the sum- mit on area " 101, " and that the vein at these points is of a far greater ' width than it is on the summit, it will then be quite reasonable to take the average width of the vein on the higher ground as a basis for a calculation ; such a calculation would show as much ore as would yield one million and a-half tons of metallic iron. The most advantageous way of working this vein would be to drive a " level " in along the course of the vein from a point as low down as possible on the Eastern slope of the mountain, while at the same time a very large quantity of ore might be quarried from along the entire line of the outrcrop of the vein on the higher ground. Specular Ore. — The evidence revealed by the openings made by Mr. Dawson, and marked " A " " B " " C " '* D " on his supple- mentary plan of this vein, reveal a well-defined and regular vein for a distance of about 2,100 feet varying from 6 to 30 feet in width, having a southerly dip at an angle of about 65*'. The 10 •ovod, by a second 1 of the first shaft >oint as well as in A thick streak of le bod of Spathic; value of the ore. nnel therefrom it hough somewhat as the material ry hard texture y gritty texture. B feature of this n-ed to by Mr. along the entire all the openings mensions as de- r correct. This [well as the flat fined and proved :imate estimate of ore contained I of the bottom • After taking 5 both East and ihan the aum- ints is of a far then be quite vein on the a calculation nd a-half tons working this se of the vein tern slope of lantityofore ! 3 out-crop of I i If St opening, marked " A" on plan, has been made at the ex- jme East of the selected area, and the surface indications exist fiween the last opening made, marked " C " on plan, and the treme Western boundary of the area, thus proving beyond a [>ubt that the vein traverses the entire length of the selected rea. The direction of the line of this vein extends along an (&val-shaped hill nearly parallel to its major axis, the highest point the vein being about 440 ft. above the level of the bed of the East Eiver ; these facts would, therefore, probably render it neces- iry, in opening out the vein, to do so by sinking a shaft on the lummit directly on the vein ; the ores might then be conveyed ii-om the summit to the valley of the East River by means of a Bhoot. , LiMONiTK. — The openings made by Mr. Dawson to show the existence of this deposit, as well as the natural indications spoken of by him in his report, were visited and carefully examined. The only point where Mr. Dawson has actually exposed a vein of this ore was in the bed of a brook on the " Fi'aser Saddler " lot in the area " No. 5 ;" here the vein was found to be 17 ft. in wMth and of unusual compactness and uniformity. It would appear that Mr. Dawson was of opinion that a vein of this exists in a line crossing the base of the selected area running nearly parallel to the East River ; but the more recent finding of some ore gravel on the same area to the North-west of this first opening, together with the general position of the drift in this vicinity, would indicaie that there were several ** finger "like veins running at right angles to the course of the East River. The fact of this theory being proved would, of course, considerably increase the value of area " No. 5 ; " this, however, is a question that can only be proved by more extensive explorations. The samples of Limonite that I have seen from this locality compare very favourably with the best ores from the great Londonderry Brown Hematite vein, while at the same time the circumstances and peculiarities under which they both occur are very similar ; this leads me to a com- parison between the relative important features of the two proper- ties, and I am of opinion that the subject might be pursued to he advantage of the Pictou district. In the first place it must be admitted that in the aggregate amount of ore already proven on the two properties Londonderry has the advantage ; but London- derry, on the other hand, does not possess any other class of ore in suflScient quantities than the Brown Hematite ; there is there most certainly a great superabundance of this class of ore, while 20 Pioiou will undoubtedly have abundance of this class of ore, and at the same time a great abundance of Bed Hematite and Specular, ' as well as the bed of Spathic. As regards the proximity of the two properties to the coal, and the facilities for shipment of the manufactured article, Pictou has again immense advantages over the other. Until the Spring Hill coal areas are more fully deve- loped, and a communication established between that and London- derry, coal would have to be taken from Pictou to the works at Londonderry (a distance of 62 miles), while, on the other hand, the Pictou ores would simply have to be hauled about 10 miles, on an average, to the smelting furnaces, which would, of course, be situated as near as possible to the coal pits. With Pictou, the shipping point by sea would be Pictou Harbour available to the largest ship afloat, while Londonderry would have to look to Great Village as a shipping point ; this place is situated at the entrance of a small tidal river to the Cobequid Branch of the Bay of Fundy; the navigation up to the entrance of this river is bad, and the river can only be entered at high tide by vessels drawing not more than 12 ft. of water. KENNETT BLACKWEL. New Glasgow, • May nth, 1873. MI 3«tnd r ®^ ®'e» andl and Specular] fximityof thei FPment of the ^ntages over' K« ^I|F deve. ; jt and London- [the works at IJher hand, the ^ miles, on an >f course, be EXTRACTS FROM A MEMORANDUM FURNISHED TO MR. POOLE, GOVERNMENT INSPECTOR OF MINES, NOVA SCOTIA, ST MR. EDWIN GILPIN, MINING ENGINEER, ieinff a summary qf exploratory work done and new depotitt diaeovered in the summer (j^l874. 'tou Harbour ^ouldhave ^ee is situated 'd Branch of oi* this river f® hy^^essels ^KWEh. MINING AREA NO. 5. ;S, Limonite. — The Great Limonite vein has been traced along the i|3aat bank of the East River across this area. Trial pits have been 'sunk at several places, and the width of the vein proved to vary from 8 to 17 feet. The pits sunk this summer have been substan- tially barred so that further work can be done in them. The vein of Red Hematite subsequently found on this area has been opened by a cross-cut. The width of the vein at the South extremity was 14 inches ; it gradually increases to the North, preserving in the Silurian slates a course roughly parallel to the Limonite. Work has been commenced at a spot where from surface indications it would appear to have largely increased, but unfavourable weather prevented the work from being carried far enough to furnish data as to its size at that point. MINING AREA NO. 13. Sm Limonite. — The surface coverin gis unusually deep at this place. After a good deal of prospecting the point of junction of the Silurian and Carboniferous systems, considered the seat of tho Limonite, was ^imiled to a width of about 50 yards. At this point operations were closed for the year. MINING AREA NO. 12. Hematite. — A bed of Red Hematite has been traced obliquely across this area. Beginning at the centre of the North West line with a width of 6 feet 9 inches it extends nearly to the centre of the area and then turns toward the North East line, where it is exposed on the property of J. H. Kennedy, where its width is 3 feet 6 inches. Another overlying ferriferous band 12 feet wide was proved in three places. Apparently underlying these two ill III ) 1 i.ii 22 beds was another with 8 foet of Red Homatito. The relation o this bed to those already mentioned was not clearly ascertained. ' MINING AREA NO. 6. Specular. — The vein alreadj' proved on the Eastern side of thi^ area was examined in two places by pits sunk about 30 feet. Tlu pidlh of the vein varying, as j^roved by last year's work, from 6 to 20 foot. The ore was found to improve in quality to the dip. A set or' levels have been run and a suitable place marked for begin- ing Ji tunnel, which would give a vertical lift of about 200 feet of vein rock. On the West side of the property a new metallic vein possessing tnagnetic and polar properties was discovered and traced a short •distance, its width did not exceed 2 feet where uncovered. It was accompanied by much decomposed Carbonate of Iron. MINING AREA NO. 22. Specular ore. — A deposit of vSpecular ore, of the same variety as that already known as the Weaver ore was discovered. There was also a second deposit of the same variety uncovered on this area ; they appear to be separate, but explorations were not extended enough to settle this. The width of the first deposit appeared to be about 20 feet, the second was not proved to any extent. PROSPECTING AREA NO. 102. Ilemjtite. — A careful search for the selection of mining rights was made on this area. A five foot vein of Red Hematite was traced over a considerable part of the right, and cross-cut in several places ; it appeared of good uniform quality. Its general course was North and South, and followed the bank of the brook, emptying into the East River at the Upper Settlements. MINING AREA NO. 21. ^ Hematite. — What appeared to be the continuation of the last mentioned bed was traced into this area, but no openings were made. MINING AREA NO. 1. Indications of the continuation of the Blanchard Hematite ore bed were found, and the crop of a 4 feet 6 inches vein of Red Hematite proved near its North East corner, also pursuing the N°. 10 E. course of the Blanchard ore, A right to work will be taken out to cover the Northerly extension of these deposits near the foot of Lake Murdoch. L,;, "^^' from 6 tn • ^«rked for 4,„^ p'>out 200 feet or ;;;yf " possess/^, "1^ *^-««ed a short "covered. J* ^ ' '^^^ variety as ■ -liiere was '•^^^'^ this arlr ';."«t extended ««'* appeai-ed to ^ exteiit. ] ^";"'«^ rights '/e«iatite was '^ ci'oss-cut in '• -^ts genera] ^''^ the brook ents. ' 28 - Slight excavations wore made in the bed of ore known as the ^'ebster (mining area^ 18 and 8), The di.scovory at the depth of 41 few feet of a 10 inch seam of the same ore of very superior ■quality leads to the expectation that the deposit will improve Away from the surface. SUTHERLAND EIVER AREA. Spathic ore. — An opening was made in this deposit and about 60 tons of ore extracted, it was found to maintain its uniform quality. Several areas have been surveyed and lines run to establish the fTelative positions of the various areas to the East River. RAILWAY SURVEY. A preliminary survey for a Railway to connect the East River ' Areas with the Intercolonial Railway below Hopewell has been made during the fall. A feasible route has been found following the West bank of the East Branch. A branch line of 2^ miles, start- ing from Bridgeville, connects the Specular areas with the /nain (proposed) line near the Limonite on area No. 5. A lino of ten and a half miles will reach the three varieties of ore. The above is a summary of the work done and deposits discovered by me during the season of 1874 in the Springville iron deposits. EDWIN GILPIN, Engineer in charge, H. S. Poole, Esq., Halifax, Nova Scotia. Government Inspector Mines, Nova Scotia. December 12th, 1874. "" «^ the Jast ^"'■«^s were '^ hematite ^'° of Bed '«"^ng the ''^"^ili he >08its near lii TABLES OF ANALYSES OF PICTOU IKON ORE& By Dr. STEVENSON MACADAM. (See also pages 44 and 45 Qeological Survey qf Canada^ 1874, /or Corroboratin Analyses.) Analytical Laboratory^ Surgeons' Hall, Edinburgh, I'ith December, 1872. ANALYSIS OF HEMATITE ORE, Received in enclosed box, signed on the lid " J. W. Dawson." * Oxides of Iron 76'67 Oxide of Manganese 0*52 Alumina 0*45 Carbonate of Lime 2'44 Carbonate of Magnesia .• 0-98 Phosphoric Acid 0-22 Sulphur 0-2» Titanic Acid trace. Silica 19-43 100 -oa • Equal to Metallic Iron, 54'36. An excellent red iron ore, containing fully 75 per cent, of the oxides of iron, principally the red oxide, and capable of yielding 54| per cent, of metallic iron. ANALYSIS OF SPATHIC ORB. * Iron, Carbonate 88-48 Manganese, Carbonate ^^ ".. 185 Lime, Carbonate , 2-34 Magnesia, Carbonate 5*82 Silica 1-51 100-00 • Capable of yielding Metallic Iron, 42-71. • This is a Spathic ^Carbonate or Sparry iron ore, being jnfttf ofti M ^^ onEs S5 fery rich in Carbonate of iron, with a good proportion of car- ' >nate of manganese, and practically free fVom impurities. It of the beet quality of the claae. ^orrod, oratiu ^^^r, 1872. •67 ANALYSIS OF SPECULAR ORE. * Oxide of Iron 9201 Oxide ofMangunese 2*16 Alumina 0*21 Carbonate of Linie 1*27 Carbonate of Magnesia 0-48 Phosphoric Acid 0-08 Sulphur 016 Titanic Acid trace. Silica 368 10000 • Equal (0 Metallic Iron, 64-41. This is a very fine and rich Specular iron oro best quality and will undoubtedly yield the finest ir< ! I is of tho >0 cent, of able of ANALYSIS OF LIMONITE ORE. * Oxide of Iron 88-92 Oxide of Manganese 0-78 Alumina 0-71 Carbonate of Lime 1-44 Carbonate of Magnesia 0-82 Phosphoric Acid 034 Sulphur 0*24 Titanic Acid trace. Silica 2'14 Moisture 4*61 10000 S * £qaal to Metallic Iron, 62-24. A Crystalline Hematite, containing (88-92) 89 per cent, of red oxide of iron, which is equal to 62^ per cent, of metallic iron. There is nearly five percent, of combined water in this ^ sample, so that the actual proportions of oxide of iron and metal- 26 lie iron in the dry ore arf, l-20th higher than those given in thej analysis. A high class ore. (Signed,) STEVENSON MACADAM, Ph.D., F.R.S.E., F.C.S,, Lecturer in Chemistry. ANALYSES BY DR. T. E. THORPE. Andersonian University, Glasgow, December 20th, 1872. ANALYSIS OF THE RED HEMATITE ORE. Metallic Iron.. 434 Oxides of Iron 65-26* Oxide of Manganese traces. Sulphur none. Phosphorus none. Alumina 5-59 Lime 1-88 Magnesia 1-05 Silica 23-68 Loss on ignition 2-54 10000 * Containine 9-20 per cent. Protoxide. ANALYSIS OF SPATHIC IRON ORE. Carbonate of Iron 88-59 Carbonate of Manganese 2.85 Carbonate of Lime 1-53 Sulphate of Lime , 0-55 Carbonate of Magnesium 3-48 Insoluble matter 2-70 99-70 Metallic iron = 42-76 per cent. This ore bears great similarity to the Durham Spathic Car- lx)nate; it contains no phosphorus, and but a small quantrt^ of Bolphur, as sulphate of lime, and is suitable for making the finest quality of steel. IE. '5^0W, >0 27 ANALYSIS OF THE SPECULAR ORE. Protoxide of Iron 0-89 Peroxide of Iron 96-63 Sulphide of Iron.™ 0-06 Phosphorus none. Silica and Insoluble Matter 3-20 100-78 Per-centage of Metallic Iron = 68-33. This is an exceedingly rich ore, consisting almost entirely of pure oxide of iron. It is capable of yielding iron of the finest quality. ANALYSIS OF THE LIMONITE ORE, Peroxide of Iron 9309 Manganese Oxide 110 Ferrous Sulphide 004 Phosphorus , none. Lime 0-91 Insoluble Matter 4-80 99-94 'ar- of bo This is one of the finest Iron ores. It yields 65-2 per cent, of metal. It should afford iron of great purity. (Signed,) T. E. THORPE, F.R.S.E., Professor of Chemistry. Analysis op Limestone, made at Newcastle, England, by order of S. B. Coxon, Esq., F.G.S., one of the proprietors gr jUftmsm 28 of the Albion Coal Mine, Nova Scotia. Carbonate of Lime 93.90 96.2$ « « Magnesia 2.45 2.33 Peroxide Iron 69 .57 " Manganese 56 .56 Alumina » 12 ,10 Sulphur .03 .02 Phosphoric Acid 03 .03 Silica 2.10 1.99 Moisture ,18 .17 For analysis of the different coals of the Pictou Coal Field, see the Government Geological Survey Reports, passim. u 29 ANALYSES OF FOUR SAMPLES OF PICTOU IRON ORE, made at the Works of Messrs. Vickors, So..s & Co., Sheffield, by request of Mr. W. L. S. Ben.on, of the firm of Naylor, Benzon & Co. No. 1— UMONITB ORE. Peroxide of Iron -^^ 81-19 per cent .. 5G-83 Pure Iron. Moisture ^^ ^^'^^ Lime -^ '^'^ Oxide of Manganese -= '20 Phosphoric Acid — '15 Sulphur Traces.^ Insoluble Residue ------ 4.26 No. 2— SPATHIC IRON ORE. „, 09.11 i^pr pent --. 89C4 Pure Iron. Carbonate of Iron == 8J 11 pei cent. " Manganese -= 4-70 . Li,ne == 2-37 - ''^ '< Magnesia = 9-06 " Sulphur == 1^ Phosphorus None; Insoluble Residue = l"^^ it (( No. 3— HEMATITE ORB. Pure Iron Manganese Lime Sulphur == 45-47 per cent. None. == 3-03 None. (I u Phosphoric Acid == *20 Insoluble Residue == 25*82 Analysis Incomplete. No. 4-SPECULAR IRON ORE. Pure Iron ■■== 6106 per cent. Phosphorus None. Sulphur Traces. Analysis Incomplete. J. IL HUXLEY, School of Minet, London.