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Mapa. plates, charts, etc.. mey be filmed at different reduction retios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hend corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent Atre film As A des taux de reduction diff Grants. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre raproduit en un seul cliche, il est filmA k pertir de I'engle supArieur geuche. de gauche A droite, et de haut an bas, en prenant la nombre d'imeges nicessaire. Les diagrammas suivants illustrent la mithoda. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 MiaOCOfY RESOIUTION TIST CHAM ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No 2 ^ APPLIED INA^GE Inc •6, .<^9 ■ '9S3 *..f. "A^' DEPARTMENT OF ACtKICULTURE COMMISSIONERS BRANCH - - - SEED DIVISION JAS. U. HOHKKTNO^I, « <>uiiiil»luni-r ut AKrlt'iilliirr aiitl DalrjIiiK l'Nrr«l DitUlou CONDITIONS OF THE TRADE TIMOTHIALSIKE AM) RED CMER SEEDS RESULTS OF INVESTIGATION 1902 HTJI.I^KTIJf X<>. ~-N-I.:^V SKUIl'.S I'l ni.isHKU iiv niRKcTiiiN OF THE Hon. Svpskv A. I'isiieb, Misistek ok Ai;KKTLTrRK DECEMBER 1903 m!mmmmu^iL,''t4i^mm^'^f^im£mm^i^ 1 tm.vHA, l)ecemJx!r -JG, 1<.>02. Tci the Honourable the Minister of Agriculture. SlK, — I bog to transmit herewith a Bulletin on the Condition of the Trade in Titnothy, Alsike and lied Clover See>eed Division. The information which it presents must prove useful to the farmers of Canada. I recommend that r't be printed for distribution. I have the honour to lie, sir, Your obedient servant, J AS. VV. ROBERTSON, Commissioner of Agri'^uUure and Dairying. l.l J3 i 1' r ■•♦ m fc>.;S2;-^:i-v^.^■-r•4•^i*'*:J[J^tI•v^-.^JJY3^^ . z^i T DOMINION OF CANADA |ii:i'\l!T\fKNT ol- ACIJKIIJI I;K - - - CoMMlSSIoNHll'S HHANCII sHi:i) 1)1 VISION CONDITIONS OF Tin: Til A DP: TIMOTHY, AL^IKE and KKI) CLOVKH SEEDS HKSILTS OF INVESTKi ATION, 15)0'-'. INTIIODLCTION. (lood hfod is im important factor in the production of fariii crop. . Tlic yPiirly rc'iitiil of till- liiiid M\.\ tho cost of prfpaiin.; it fur M'fdiiif,', are many limes L'reater than tliB cost of tlie seed ; Ijut, if only a '-mall i eicetitaj,'c of the seed lie capable of germina- tion, and that whi
  • e not true lo name, or if a large perii'ntaL.'e of the seed consist of noxious impurities, th'- expens,- incurred may result in a complete loss, or worse still, in a positive injury. The purpose of this bulletin is to call attention to the present condition of the tiade in Timothy, AUike and Ked l'!over seeds ; to jjive the P'sults of ihe an; i\ c- ,,i s(!veial hundred samples of these seeds obtained fiom local dealers and otiier suui- -, m the spring' of I'JOl' ; to pn'sent ,i summary of the inetlnMls of seed testinj; ■.,■' •. 1 cnntKil that have been adopted in other countries, an.l to publish other intoi loi, which may b) lielpful to seed grower.", seed merchants and seed consumers i 3 SOL'liCK OF sUrPI-V. The greater part of the seeil of Alsike and Keil Clover sold in Canada is i,'rown m < >ntario. Timothy seed is produced in linMtes4 nf ... .t :;U''":?r' -■•'■■'"■-'"'" - ■•..., , 'I'liii-r (itt...l u,.l V ^ ' «'""' '"■♦•'I. .irp u^inllv i„i. , ",' ""•*«'».ri...nii,x,, .i.ii ii • iM ID I, (|„, ,|u,„|,|,|,, ,-1 . '"^ " 'ii'irkid Ihi.H.' iM'oiili. ui<. -HI .l„.n> ,.ur !,..„ .,„,, ' '" ^'•""'•- >-.■ ..,., .cr,-.n„,«s, 1.^, ^,. ^Sir!a\il!r ilii'iii our l)..,i s.-cil ''"'"/".'"'■■" -C.lnp,.,,,,,.,, '';'/"'f"'""' ■■' ■< / //,•„,., "'•'". M,US( h,. . " , ■ , """I'-'-Mt 1„„,„, ,„ .„|,li.,„, , ;l"^'lo,„M..„t ,,f ;. ::;;:•''5v■^-;:::7:;,:::>:;.^£tr-'T'":•^"- "1 ilic I) (|,.r- iiatN fit' f'.. I .■ rl |;irrsoi t .iiimia. t.inii,.!., I..., "•'ler M-f 1 (inns i,, ( ■ • ,,".'""-'""" >'-, „.„ltu,al -iistn,,. T. , ."""" ^ ^*"<"' ^ev.i '■^...•.■M..J;;;\.:;;i;::;,;::;!:':,;^,--'V''"'' '''-;..! I :i:"^7n:';irr'iV'''' liiif -"" •■"■■■•■|.l..|.„,,| I' ' II-, "iLlilr.,,,- I\ iu,. "I 'I'l ",,y t,„ ,1 ,, ■ ' :""■ """ • 1 iit.i ,, ir.iiiU, ■I' ■^"■--^ .^1.. ;;:„;; |;,„„, I,. "-I" in. Ill ,,- ^^i^-j^'iTJi^m^ riMoTHY. .1/ v/AA- .i.v/» i;ki> 'ii>it:i; skkiis C.iiiii liitti Hii'iNiiK'ii I liiiin lliiit It i". ti'Mcs^iiry to [iiDti'ii tlit" l>y in-xiliii^ mi. Ii u I'l.uii"-, bflfiiust; llic "iimI they ■~,-\\ \~ i-M tUiiili tli<'\ li«ni' pur -lia-iil iiniMi' -nwil'-iiii'M til It jiiircliunTi tit jiffils iiiiijht imiki- iliiitnt fm ilinna^rH Ihthii^h iif i'i'"|i fujlllim, I'M'ii (.liimxli tip i.l v*rif yriiiiitii', (illii- ninl v it il now 71 M.nv IS \KKI-:(TKIi. Till" pi iiiiipiil iiidkiitioti iif x.iliKi ill iiin-.t ii;,'riiiill Ileal ■-•■imI is ihp pcdijjioo m- lii-t Iciiy (il till' >liii'k tniiii wliiili it riiiiir A liiijli pfn riitiii,'!' (if \ilnlity, in sfi'il nf • ■nlih iiy ^rain "f r'nl nnpH, is iml sulllciint pii«it llial tin- sfi^d it uf siipi'iiiir ijualit .' \\ itii >ui li iiojn it i^ a nrv \\ deal iniii(> iiiipm laiit lliat tin' hcimI lir iriii" to naiiii' and taken I'miii a nop tli.it po{ weed pests has ijiuwii to he a very iiiiportant item to the firimr The seeds of many weed pe.fs have, undouhteilly, heen introduceil liy u,i wittiii;!ly sowinj; tliem «ith .ji iss and cIomt Hceds. It wiiiild he iuipossihle to estimate the loss that is sustained hy fanners hecause of alniscs ill the seed trade. I'lop failures e.iiised hy the use of seed of low vil,ality are incoiisidcralilt! items of loss wlun 1 m .pared with llie serious injury that is done liy sowin:; see 1 which ((II, tains noxious weed seeds. If i' wi'ic not for tin- prevalence of noxious weeds in I'anad ' the net • ost of pi.Mluiiii;,' ij;ricull ural |iroducts would he veiv much derreasi d tioiis foiiie;imes make it dillicult to ripen seeds of Iteil t'lover. In some seasons u ;,'ieat de.il of seed ii harvesliij hefore il is fully inaluicd, and in consei|ueiue it is weak in vitality and vital enfr;,'y. I>urin;i sea: ms of low prices, j^rass and clover feeds am ciirieil over hy wholes.ile lirms from year to year. If these seeds he kept in a cool dry pla e they do not lose tlieir vitality ra|iidlv, but if improperly stored or if kept for two or more years the jiower to jjerininate and vital energy liecome seriously weakened. Oi-iii'ni of (Irmtili. — Few Canadiaii farmers consider whether orii;iii of ;;rowtii in jiiasH and il()V('r seeds m.da'.s any dillerence in their value. In a few localities only, is home 1,'rovvn seed preferred. The results of .1 iiiij clover .seed yiown uiider various climatic conditions was tcstevi hy the (iiiled States Depamnont of ,\;;iiculture iit W'asliin^ton. Plots were sown with s <(l fro'ii dilTerent varieties vi clover ;;rowii in Kurope anil also under various conditions of climate in America. In every case the plot.s from the imported seedsshoweil a lack of vijiour and succumhed to th(^ strong summer beat, w hile the plots that were sown witli home ;,'r(iwii seed thrived well throu;^liout tlie season. Canadian ^rowii .seed of tlie very best (piality is usually catalogued and sold in (ireat Britain at a few cents per pound l( ss th III the Kn^^lish j^iown article. lOnglish and Scotch farmers prefer a homo ;,'r(iwn seed of lower vitality to Canadian seed that would f^erininate IdO per cent. Althouijh there is as yet no exact data to show that changing grass and clover set d from one part of Canada to another has a tendiMicy to influence the resultant crop, general indications are that these as well as other kinds of seeds are better for having been grown in the jiKality or district where they are wanted for use. il: S^i"'- tach Canadian seed housf, h„<. ;► purchase,.. ^^ •'' '^ "-^ h a -eiiable seed Hn„, Z^a'^^^'^^^^, ' ^^ Seed Tfntiiig Sldtioni Th A ^.;r r tri'^ f --'^ ^^^^"'s^z.,:::^ ;-.i„^utio„. wiu. a wew •" -.twined, ;;,"::: :;:?■"' ""■ ^-"'-'' -unt-^tt .^ Lr'/T'^'"'^ '« ^o-d ......ed fo.. sale. ^'^^ "' ^™- - - U,e «enuinenes. pu^^:;^::;:;"-::!^^^^ ^ •■KKI) TKsriX,. IN- FO iN' fOlNTRlK.S. "'' "t;:;:!^^;; ;3™i»;H,:::^-,:::::;;-,;™|;.».i«^ •'anuary. lM.8, l.y th,. \ "■" '''''' '°'^""« ^t-Ui-ns is based on ,■ , , f^.^v TIMOTIir. A LSI KB AXD liEU CLOVER SEEDS m ' In Austria-Hnnajary there are sixteen seeii testing stations, some of whioli are private establisiiments, while six are supported by the State and two by agricultural societies. The most important of the Austrian stations is that at \'ienna, which is maintained by the Imperial Aj^ricultural Society and also receives a State subvention. ' In Belgium seed testing is undertaken at the nine State agricultural experiment stations. ' In I'rance, wheie seed testing has apparently not made much progress amongst farmers, there is only one station, at Paris, which is attached to the Institut Agrono- niique, and is supported by liu' State. 'In Denmark there is one important station at Copenhagen, which is sujipi^rted and man.iged by the Stale. 'The Swedish seed control stations, which number IS, are usually attached to the agricultural experiment stations. Thev are, however, supported by special grants from the Slate and I'rnm .societies (and in three eases from provincial funds), and work under the direction of the Slate Agncultuial Department. 'In Norway there are three stations, two of which are attaihetations at Abo and llelsingfors. ' The Scandinavian stations adopted uniform methods for seed testing in 1^90 in awordance with rules drawn up by a commilte' appointed by the (io.ernments of Den- mark. Sweden, anil Norway. • In Swiizerlund thert! is an important station at Zurieli, which is paitly sujiported by the State. ' Seed contiol work has not yet bren established on a large scale in the Tnili'd States, although many of the agricultural cxperinient stations have b;en engaged in seed investigation for n numljer of years, lifgul.itions for .seed testing, were drawn up by a committee of the association of American Colleges and Kxpi'rinienl Stations in January, Is'JT, and were published by the Unitetion of tlie United States is there any special legisLition rei|uiring seedsmen to guarantee the purity or germina- ti(m of the seeds sold by them, liut the agrci'ments signed by firms under the ' control,' of a seed-testing station are sometimes of sui'h a character as to bring the \()luntarv guarantee furni-.hed in accordance with such agreements within the jurisdiction of the civil courts, though an appeal to such tribunals is seldom neces-ary. In the United States one example, at least, is forthcoming of a >eeds law, vi/., in the State of .Maine, wliere an Act to legulate the sale of sei'ds has been in force since September, 1897. MKrllOnS OF SF.KD TKSTINV^. .1 I'niform rules for seed testing have been adopted in must countries where seed control stations have been established. This is necessary in order that the nietlu.ds of procedure at the various stations may be the ^ame and that the work of one station may serve to check that of another. In IS'.Ui the Association of Ameri'^PAKTAfKyr OF AGiaCCf.TUHK -. pur 1,,,„.,„ ,,.,,,, „, P . P :• ;•"..■ .,.. ,.„ h„„,,,fj ,e„,™„" «"■■»'" Puiitv an.l vit,ilitv"""\ViHV""'i ""'■'"'■," "'""'''•''^ "•'■'>■ rr,.,.ive,l n,,,!'"",' , ■ ■ "'" ' - .i:'i~;i;t;;';;;;,;;„:;". '"■•• ["•!■ ponn.l ,„• per Imi.I,,! TIMoTllV. TIMOTHY. ALglKE AXD I! ED CIMVER SEEDS u C)NTARI(). TIMdTIIV. Wii. .MailH'.l. \V,iKl,t Market "' I'"."- i;,'ili.>rial>l> S,., .1 i„ loll I'mIIImI- ISil.-li.'I. I'KIl f'KNI' I Jkhminatkin. D.n-. In l''i.Ullr. 1 Div-. Aot.ial Ci'^t NviiiiliM" uf I'ur.' Mf I.Uiiia W.^i-I s,,.,|- S,-,.,l ,„., p.r I'..UM.|. I'.'wIi.I. if -I I St. ( Jtli.il 111.- •J Oit.iw.i ^ili.i'.I , ■1 .. .•i H:Ui.ilt..ll i;t,.i,,iii,. . : lit:uitfMi,| , s llr,Mif..i.| .. '.IT.,1. lltM .. Ill St. I ' itli.iiilii'- n I'. i,,l.r..k.. . l-r.lll.l..li I'lacr l:! 14 l.-l Hi K. .tviU. . 17 r.in;.'. .. , 1> * ',11'lt. iWll . 1^1 M..l|..iyt..«ii ■111 i'..« a—all 4HI ,"»H SI) ■jii sn '|| ■.t n s 1 '.M !l.'i I :i| li; s 4 :ii; ii:t '■•7 117 ." Jl I -'S 4 ll.' :t '.H \ SI :>, i:; ■' nii 4 ;is 4 <;t'i .■| m 4 1 ■> 4 *M\ 4 •m; t '.t? lil.U-i-J l.4:!l r,:u ;!,:i:t:< li.liii •iij 7'.i.(Ki:t ■Jli.lMC.' isi 10. •_';)! I •J, lis I 7.i>7ii 4.1177 '.WW l.i;:il '.11 L'.-JiM li),.M() ■ III nil. jinoiit •_'(.! siiocii-s ot' wrf.l soeils wcio found in vniTinj; nuiiiliers in tlu- ( »ii. tafiosuiiiplt'-.. Hli'vcn siiuiplcs contained CimiiU't'oil ; ten, Sheep SoiTel ; nine, Mayweed ; eiylit, L:iiiil/s iniiirters : seven, Pupp(>r;,'niss ; ti\e, Cinada Tlii.stle and live FaNe Flax. iSliejiherd's purse. Coel">■-. |).iv,~. I'nri' ^iviIl^,. l'.llsli..l. \V....,| S.e.l., |»r round. l^-^t. Ilyat-inth.-, .■( Kanvii;. ' -1 ,, ..,■■' ■"'■■^t. Hyacintli.v 1" „ II Mar, .v ill,. IL' l:n-,.,r,l«,nn.. 1-1 l.">^tt- Ma, tin,' Iti ■■ 17 . I> .. l!)ll„.,-vill,. .. ») _-'l St. .I,,|,n,. -- .St. ( ■.a.suiiir. L'.-; \',.i„:,r|,it|„. -;. l;.aur,. -' l.,'nn,,\vil|,. H^St-.l;ri.lK,.|:a:t. -, \\.-,,|,,n .^t iti,,n -"■•St. I'lan, ■,,{,« ■ »» .. ■M . „ .•t-M..„„,..,i|,„ ^■' Vau,a-k.i . , !*■", KnoAlt,,,! .•)i; ■.\- ••NSt. ,loi,i„.' ■i'l ■■ 4" ■■" ■ ■ -tl ('lj.-,rt., t\iil,. 4-Suttin l.-i H S.itton .Jun,'l';on' • ■"' -MontriMl 4ii Van,.„Ka 47 4-^.-^r. H,nn. f[^t. (iahri.l,!,. l;„„,|„„ ■" l!,,\t,,n ['.ill. 51 Stanhii.lf..,. K;,-t.. •>!St. N,„!„.,, ■'^ Troi> Km. ri- ■V, Sl„.,l,r„„k,. ■iii^t. I'i.i-,,. . ;! 7.", .■> s.", 4 (Ml ( .■.(! ,'f SI I .'i l."l ;< 7'. .-) .-Ill :< iM) .f aj ;i (I.-, .'I i;.-, .". 7"» .'1 fKI .f (10 :! (K) :i -)i( 4 (HI •t s'l 4 L'li ' ."> ,,.'. ) SO 4 l.-| •■i 75 .•, Ill 4 Ml 4 .JL' 4 :V2 ;> s ( I (Ml 4 IHI .■( M ■A .SI :! SI 4 .-il' I ."ill I .-,11 t -M I :;,■, I Id ;) [id I (HI ) IHI ;i .s(i I nil .'! (id L' 7:1 i! (id I,1,H. IM! I d.l (i IHi 4 'i| ;i7 7l' 4 .",1 '.II .-. lid 11; i ii.', (s (i ici 1", 1 d I (lit 4 I.-, 4 4,5 5 4;f I ill 4 I.-, , 4 .-,; ;i SI I 4 17 1! dll ,11 4 Sli Nl 4 K4 UK 4 m d!) 4 (15 l.',if4d dIHI i'.07d l.L'lid HO l.li-ll 7l"d 1.44(1 (i:i were low in both vitality and vital energy. They were evidently taken from old .seed. NEW nurNswicK. TIMOTHY. When' IH Su^-,A 1 7."» 11 1 111 IL' - 4 .Ml l:i 1 111 1 1 !'• rtli Ciitri' ... t IKI l."i 4 IKI 11, \v,,,,astuii 1 1 :»! 17 '. \ L'S IS .. 4 'S' II) .. 4 ."II U>1 I 411 4 !lll 'S-'y I'arlnifNt \'tl!;)vr'. . . 1 :i-J •Jl ,"> 71; SI .h:! 114 s 114 117 .-i s7 ifj I ■11 '■<7 4 7.S 111' 1 '.HI ;is '.1 :is ss 7 s4 7."i s ,s-.> 1; SI •Hi L' Ml ',11 s .Sli Sli s .v.S Ss t s5 '.17 li '.IS '.IS r, !)S ^7 '■> 7!l i.m ;t 70 14,2-J) !Hi .-! !)") '.IS 4 I>1 ISO '.1.') ."> ■Jl 1.1 ISO lis 4 •J.I •M) 1 IS 3,7.sO 'M 4 04 . 1)11 4 .'II ' i-M llli 1 i:t ISO 7li li •_M1 450 .s.", 4 III! ll.MO ;)7 4 ii7 270 11:1 4 41 i .").40O iii 4 liO 1.1111 ii'.l 4 OS 'JO !)l 5 0!) 7--'0 i)S 4 ;*.■) •.m ;)'.) 4 ■M .■)40 s,s ."i 11 li.oio lis 4 .v» ii:!o '1.") :i (i.") :iii..">io IIS .', 1)4 ii:iii SI) 4 D.'i sio 1)1) S."| •.>70 Iii .Vbout sixty per oentof the samples received from the province of New I'runswiek were lepmtecl to have been taken fiom seed that had been obtained by the local dealers from Toront ) sped iiouses. A number iiaii iieen olitaineii trum Munlieai aiula.iert Iioin the I'nited States. Out of the twenty four samples analyze'l. eight bad over 1,000 weed seeds |ier pound. Sample No. 'J 1 contained no less than eleven different species of weed seeds, and sample No. 1 thirteen. Itotli of these samples had been obtained from a prominent seed firm, and there is no reason why the greater part of the.'-e imimrities could not have been taken out by the use of the machinery which is in the pos.st-a.-.ion of that seed tirm. 1 , : wim^SML4j:lki-i!:' u ^^'-■^'^TMEXTOFAaHlccri.TURE NOVA SCOTIA. TIMOTIIV. y. Wli.rr .il)taiii.,i. 1 ilalif^ix '^ Wl'VllJCiIlfli . . . * i; H Aiitig(,iii,«li !t 1" II 'f-' Vannouth . 14 15 1« n li'Digl,- 2(1 I'l^ Kii,i>,i.,i,. .; 22 lAni.r Kcciioiiiy. 24 2.-. Mill,vill,... 2li Anti>;,,iiis'h, .. 2i Miihi,arir« (.'oy,.. Mark.t price l«r IIiihIm'I. Actual Ciwt iif piirt. Ijiviii(f Si(.(| iH-r liuwln-l. N'llIIilM \\e,.| S, Mr ■.(JH l'"im(l. I I .lit 1,.S0() ■J (12 2I.li!)(l 4 24 IK) 4 SK 1,711) r, AH 4 (i7 2, .-,20 42,!i;ii) 4 W 1 i,X*> 5 20 1 540 \ ■") HI i 4.i<) 5 1(1 4 ,i2 4 .Wl 4,0.V) 4 \i) ll,4:fo r> 2() IS .12 4 4.-> i 2.i;i(> !i.:i(lii 4 X\ I 4 72 :f,2i.» 5 .ill) !7,(»I0 4 N7 72() ;t.iii;(> .")4i» 4 4S IHI 4 XA .'i.7S<) "l 4H t),;ai.v (V II .> ■ " tlioseof New MnT. "■, ^*'f "**"'■« "f thr impurities in ,y^f' Cinquefoil, Lambs- >o. -; contained over .•tc'oo.r eds'" ''';:V'";^' ''*''"' f-"' homegrown ei^,'" sI'"T" Mavwve. per no.mrl ^ i a .T , * *"'"" ^ «,,„ ^sample ■:.^m l^^HLKiH^M'iML^'Vj . »lJfcX '-^iihJ^. TIMOTHY, AhSlKK .iSD UK/) CLOVER SKBDS PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. 15 TIMOTHV. ■4 ■I I I I 3 W'hcrt' obtailli'd. 1 St. IVtiTV. , . . 2 Kri-r.ll r> St. I'.t.r'» liay 7 -Miirrav liivHr . . 8 KMcnB^lfiM . II .MlMTtnll Maik.t l»i- l.n-h.'l. * ctx. 4 :i2 4 Oil 1 M() :i in; 4 ."•-' 4 :tj 1 HO I Ml) 4 :i-.' Weight ,.f |inrt' uik) (itMiiiiiialilc St-i-(l iK-r 100 :lw. M)-i, I'KK ( K.NT, iFHMIV.M|l) In In I-iv.- Fni.rt. en l)avs. 1 )a\ !l|l IN'i !I4 •-' 0."> 02 4 0,) it2-7 i 05 SCi HS on 8 «7 02 -2 1 (in Ml -5 1 84 07 0.'> '.HI !«! ■,NI 04 0.-( 01 .\ctiiul C..»t of I'lirt' Living Se«-.l iH-r Iiu..li.-1. * CtH. 4 r)0 4 24 4 27 .•) 02 I I'lO .■| 2<) 5 2!l Number of Wt't'il ..eeda Pound. 2,070 450 ■Ml l^iO 3,070 1,0H0 .■)40 3,;«0 :u,47o Only one sample, No. "J, obtained from the province of Prince Edwanl Island was reported to have been local grown. It w&s found to contain Cintjuefoil, Cliickweed, Shet'p Sorrel and Ciiicory which were its only noxious impurities, and none of those excel t Chicory arc considered dangerous weed pests. In sample No. 1, 1,100 Ergot sclerotia were found per pound of seed. This sample had been obtained from a Charlottetown seed firm and it is quite likely that the seed was grown on the Island as this fungus wa.s seldom found in samples from Quebec or Ontario. Most of the seed obtained had passed through the hands of Charlottetown toed tirms before reaching the local dealers from whom they were obtained. \ BRITISH COLUMBIA. TIMOTHY. L Wli. 1 Mi>-.ion., 2 \''in'tn . , :i 4 l,an>,'l.-y.... ."> \'an(-iHi\rr , t; t " > XanaitM) . . Victoria lo- ll I )uni:an.< . 12 ]:t.Al.lMt>f..nl. 14 Cliilliwack . 1.-. olitaini'il. I'KIl KNT .Market Weight ,,f (;kii>hn,\tic >N. Aetual Co.st XuniiK-r of Weeii seedr* I'll'" 1 ieintinable In of Pure Liung r.U^llel. l.Kl 11.-. Imv,- KoVU-teetl liushel. I'oumi. Days 1). lys. .* C!s, Lbs. •■* ^■'»- 4 80 81 8) 4 :« !H) 4 80 2.-. 8 14 211 is 110 4.'iO .■| 28 sj 81 8,1 11 28 1,2110 •HI !l 02 04 3,S70 !Hl 1 0,") 8 02 :io 111.200 r. :'» 07 4 08 OS n 42 1.1120 4 32 07:t 08 08 .-. 4:i 1,080 11 72 04 8 97 '.•7 7 08 ! 4,9,")0 4 80 74 2 !»"> ori 411 ' 123,7.% 4 80 fKVO 73 " 7 .-.5 102,870 .M^^-m^^tim^m^t^i. 16 "'''^'''T.y,-XTo,',a„c:;,nr,t ALNIKK. "'0 '^''' *»ith W;;:i;'nj!^'''''r;''.^ '^ -^ '-y'^id cl„ver ..cxJuce,, b >,..„,,.„,,::;' :" ^~ -"" "--'r':^-;-— :; , ,»„„ :;;! ' ;::' :•'■' ■■' "■■■ "•• -""--,■« ,•?'*• - - 2Sr:w !;^sri;:'" ~~^>**^ 's;"y'~ r ^"?'-';^ "■• -'r ■-.., •■"I "■■.si.., .„,,.,":"';; t:" -"-i'-. .r,.i .„. I^i*:?;:"'"''- ,;n»,,rf.„, SO'na ili/cuKi, II... IT.. , if"-'"' '' ilie tl„„h„| ,.„..„ "'""' ""i.il.niv l.i ,i„ l';i»«h.» l«.f,.,,. I,. , ;,, "S '"I" -I.iol, ,1,. il,i;.°. ";?""•.'" ""■'■'»■•' i».r F -i- -^ vSiio l™ ^- V "7"" •"«- '"'>•■ ,, ''"'"'-" P"- •"■•■<■ is fre,,uentlv „1, ' ^""""' ^■'"'" -''^" :^'jM. TIMOTHY, AI.SIKE A XI) KEO CLOVK'H SKSlJS 17 many lots of seed were not in keeping with their actual value, because of the prevalence of Timothy and HeiJ Clover feed. The following i.ables show ii Mumiuary of the results of the analyses of samples of Alsike see'I S. ..,1 in In III l-r Urn It..- Till.,. '1,11 1 >ay<. 1 lays. S.-.il |..i- llll-ll.l. r.mn.l. 1.1.-. 1 OtlaH ■ . . .' Ilia. If.., ■.!,... :iT..|..iil.. IDttaua. , . r)T..r..iit.. i; liralilt..r,l. .. rHaliiill..ii . ,S I'.iiil.n.k.- ... IMIalt 10 II. Ottawa. '- ■■ ■ l.'i u 1.-, I'.liil.lc.k, . ., ii; Hiiiti.w. 17<'arl.l,.n I'll,-, IS 111 ■M K. jiiptvill,- . . L'l li.iri, -- Mall. 'I \ t..\Mi •J.'i I'. .wa^-an . , , M 411 11 ml 10 .".0 '.t I'll! *t INI s IHI s ."lO 10 Ml !l .".0 11 IJII rj (III ii> Sii 10 •Jl> 1-.' IHI 10 L>ll ~ 'Jil 10 L'O 10 •JO III 111 7 Ul) .s III 10 SO '.III IH 4s i;ii '-';,' 71 1.0 CS 7;t SI 71 SI 711 ,s'l s7 si; ,."0 SI lij 74 St S7 ■S'_* ss 7.S ~~ "0 o:i r:i so 10 ;t.s .•.,ir,i( '.!") 11 70 -72 01 11 no •V7J i;r. ■JO 4-> lt,t'.«' If, 10 IHI l.!Mi;« so 10 m; lo.smi 7ti i:t 07 l.'.i-.w SJ 1.-. GO 14,.-c's ~\ l.% s;t U.iMli "^ It ."ii •-':<.. -lV; 7S 10 00 sl.-i s7 11 S.'i •j.L'oa St 13 07 i.;wi sil \-2 01 ■J,.S0O 0.1 i:i 70 isl si; I'J 75 .■(..•i;i;i 75 11 07 S,.S7'J .so ii; t."> r.L't.s '.H) IL' It :',71S '.H 1'.' 4:i :i.7ir. s:( •_>:t i;.7iH "•» 1,-. S4 ".7S."i 70 17 14 7.0IO The twenty-three samples y.„;u/rr,.rc,,-K' QrKltKu. AI.NIKK. y. ^^■''•rr,.l,iai,i,,l. 1 Tiin lnjiiiii'. •■* •*'''■ M.irtin,'. ■ "^l- lly.u'iiith,.. :' Kmivill,. . "'iKiihuii.iid 1 - St. CaHtihir, ... '•'< \'atnii( hiclu- '. Ij l/iii-Ui' Y^>^i. Kran^-..i»,|,. |i,.a,'i I" jyvr'"" •'*'•""■"•• l_l|Si,.. ,S,.|,„I;,,ti,|Uf '.■.', -I St. KraiicuK. --' I/iiiii.s.'virt.. '-■^ Varnjii.ka. ^'< St. .Ia.-.|u..». -■> Kli...>|t,,„. •M 2SSt..1uv,t.: :M) .. •'•' <'liartiirvill,. 3-' St. .\,„l.,t. •■'••< Mniittval. . |MVarna-ka.. •■f'iSt. M.nn ;;. St. I),„„i,.., ,|.- I!,un,l,„ •■■''H.,\t„„ Kail, .... ■'■'!,..,< \in„.r,.s.. ■«0 Sh. rl,r,„,ki- ^I St. I'l.rre Mark.f I Til-,. |» r llM-li.l. 7 ,"iO VJ m 111 Lll In so III Lll III -jii I.") 7:. Ill 7-. \J «( ]'J (Ml !l (ill 111 211 !i ;«i 111 so II «i Id s<) '■I IKI 10 L-O !l '.HI III IM !• (ill II till Id Nd 11 !ld IJ Oil Id Nil U' 00 i; (HI Id ,S0 12 00 H Id 10 .S(J I !• !H) i !l fiO i f 4(1 I 10 m I 'I IN) ' !l 7."i !l lid !l .''d fid \\VI,.|,t I'f pur.' aiHl '•'■riiiiinl.l,. S.., ,| ,„ liKi r..mi.N 1,1.,. X, II Nl .1 NO 3 II'' "» Mil ( ■•.t ,•■ 7.< I m; 1 !"• I! ST .") HH N! •SI ^ 711 .) m; SL> 7 H4 I Kl 1 , I'Kii <'t:Nr. l(MI.VAT|i,v. m L' 113 ii;t !i 01 I Nl Nil -J S« II Lll :i N4 7 iki I St II mi ;i i;:> :i HL' L' SL' i;ii i: In TIm,.. May, L'l N| 111 OL' HI N,S HI 7:i N| N.N N» H!l Nil n;i hl* m: N.H NL' 111 !H| si; .sit .'U !i;i "('' si; i;l' S,s SI I 7s III r.ri i >a\ ,. .'Ill Ml 01 ii;t ii«; SI HI !K) HI Ol' 0.1 01 s.-) OL' Ot S'* oF 01 ' .V.tiial (■,,,1 iif I'un. r.ivilE); S....,| l»r lillHh.l. •■< It.. Lll Nl) i;t 00 II tL' 11 i;7 II Id IL- Lll L'l .\S 10 .ts l.t L'l I.'. -,] 10 !17 11 ,^!) 1" SI 1.) Lll IL' I.-, IL' .-..■, Id .ss IL' UN 11 III II 7.-1 II 111 I.') L';f ii; On Id .si; U 0.) 1 1 L'l i;f .■,.-, i; .'17 i;) ;t.i ! l.-i OL' II L'l IL' IL' IS 7i; I 11 ;« i:i HO IL' .s7 111! H o:t 12 04 II :t4 I."i S4 J i Niiinl».| ..1 \^i il .S.. ,|, I'.! 'UMil. I.ll."id l.liral ."'.Old l^'ld .\Illd L'.'>.L1N| L';),7iid ;i.7si ^..^iLid l">,L'ld I4.d|ii L'.(;id 4.liS0 :i,.T(d .">,7iid i.;i.-,d L'.i<;d I7,7.«) .".40 .">.4dO .'i,7Sd 4,o.'m ."i.L'Ll) ■"..■tro 7,7."iO .Sll.llld l,17d IL'. (L'd .■■..till 7.L1KI I ),,s.-.<» ."'.IW ls,.ii;o L'.r/.'o .s.OLII because ,,e..,,t;:r::;:trt:'i;::;:-^-'^^ -d i„ ^u."v::^i:i';r^i^jz. .'^ainple S„. -J.i, which «as h.-in- re(ailp,l ./ u ' ' """'' «cnerous respons,- ohtamcil b.v the local d..,»ler fnit» ^nTn /Jt '" '''»'""''" -"'« f'^>- pnund .at.l (nd •,,,,„ (;..t^2UU(^, TIMOTHY, M.SIKK A SI) HKI) CI.OVKK SKKDS 19 Clover MeedH. The seed in uropleM Nos. 1 and 3.1 h«d not been fully ripened whicti account!! f >r iU low viulity. •A 4 WhrnnliUiIM'l. I I'Vi'iltrictoii, •.'St. .I,,lin,.., ;* SuHs«'\ 4 NKW imUNSWICK. ALMIKK. 1 1 W.-iKtit I uf piirt' IVk< KVT Artniil ' • imiMIV ATJi.S. ('.,»t N'miiiI.t Matkf-t ..f I'miv ,.t pri.'f i-r liiv in^ \s i'mI Sf'wln S.-..! in 100 l'..lillil<. Ill Thi.'.- In -r.n IVhIi.-I. * <-t«. |»T l-MU.ut. j I.lw. 1 >iiy». liuv-. i 1 S ut- 1 10 '.Hi ,S4 11 HI'. ito I'j on •-'.1110 ' •> IXI Kt !» Wl •.i;t 11 41 H.'IKI \> IK) Kl 1 Xi •4 •-ii (kt L'7,.V40 IP HO 111' « 77 7!t It ■*) l).;«K) Only four samples of Alsike were obtained from t lie province of New Hrunswick, and thi'sc contained eleven species of weed seeds. tSheep Sorrel, White Cockle, H'ack Medifk and CHniida Tliistle were the most comraon impurities, iSnuiple No. 3 contained •-'1,000 seeds of Sheep Sorrel per pound, and had evidently bi.y». DaVK. 1 < t:U. I,l.s. •s fts. 1" SO .V.I 7 .".11 1 li'.i IS lilt I5.:ioo 1-' I'll! SI r, S7 IHI 15 44 l!,.'t4o '.1 00 7S S7 1 !KI 11 .Vt .-..■no !l (Hi .so ss , '.Nl 11 25 '-',7(«) 10 .Ml 1;.") 7s : SI ir. 61 4,i;*o s 40 s7 :io '.i:i 1) 115 .54.0110 •.I 1.0 K. 81 94 n 70 I^.IKX) Out of the seven samples ol)t;iine>^J ■^'itiZA AI.MKK. Ul„ Mlrk.i I'll-. |.i "Kilt llNI I', rial, I, i; il III iimI. I Ml I'.,, ,. -'\^.■•- I). > .'I MimIiJi t,,H I \liirr.„ I! ■•■ l:iil..n li,|: r aiimii.,,, I.I.. Ill 1.11 III jii Olit.l •Mint th, A. iu,,l l-r l(u,t,..|. I:' IN K 1)1 1. 1 :i:i • W i'li "■'' '>• 111.. IcmI -o-.I •'^ nf..iv,Ml fr,,„| 1 wliici I w.is iv(>,,r|,.(l t., inercli.intH fi .'""■"• Kil«nr,| |s|,in,| llllllx «,,,! .■|,.-i|il ■K'.l.K) Imi.ui Iii,^;• I I.V WLiKl.t of .ai„l '''Villi,' ()\1T |.S() iiNd Vfi V (Jim l.c-m :)l L-l |>iii II Cliiir), 'laiiii'il t'r iHctltU I «i'ii' r<'|i,„|,d (,, |,i •''i'llv..|,'. ""I'lirf, .Will lont.i if S|„ cn„rn,-(,.,Ht,c„f il„. M,.n,| „.„,| f|l N.M.-I I Tl II' iiiipuritii's ill •■i.xlt'cn, '••I- ["Mlll.l. S.-|,„,,|p, .\,„ , ' iiiitiiiiii'il '•'. ill ailijit '1 per on to VCfltcril 'I ml .spv I'lllH. tl .sp,. i,,, ,,f '^tl'll I'lli.'lK of s,.r,|s of '■■'""'I'^ii ru.r.MiM. AI'.IKK. 111! Il Wcic "I'I'li H..,.(|i n M.ik.i I'M- |.. I llu-li, 1 'Kilt " • 'I III I l'"i|'"un,|., Tl. I>.. A,l„.,| llu-l„ 1, \i,ii,l„ I r.. i.i... .•{..Mil 1^ K., 'I '"1- 'l-fi.l.l li II. 1.1 ;fii l.llo Thr list, •iiivaii, forty saiiipl iii'ii'kf't pri,',. p, lii'iau.si- tl if 111, I'fic.. (It whicl ••''III/ pir poniul. \o inf, 1 the .-eeil iple "if actual *"«■ -, •! anil I. I, viiijple ^o.s. 1' m iiiiiation rc;,'ii "^I'vciilecn halt wai sold i 111 I'.i |iouii.| saiiipl,. f evidcntiv ron, ii„. aiiove " iiuatititv. Th,. pr fry iiiucli I III cost of pure and d 4 wcti. vi 'iving .seed i er l,u.sl i'hn« til,, tiiarkrt pr K.ln.. ..C ..1 . * ■prcies of w,.,.d .■^.^,^\ ICC was r, K'l' i|IIOt,.d «■( ciiviil with ••ylo* in vitality which would s were found in the ei.-l Illy It i:ct(a.se TlMDTI/y. AI.S/KK AM) IlKli Cl.i>\ Ell sKKhS 1(KI> CLON Hil. AIiIkhikIi ill rt< iiif *vrral viirit'lii« i»f Hcil (Movit, .mly two distitul vnrifitii's uri) Will krm» II in CiinHdii. t'liinriioii lied Clover ^ 7''-i/(i/i«/in>'). ari' i|uitf exteri- »iM'ly grown in Otitnno iind (^UflMu' nnd to some extent in the Maiitinie Provinces iind in till' V'lhl. TlieiMi two vnrieties are oU'ere | in llio markets under ii lar),'c nui!il)er of lonfu-inR niiiius, and iiltliouyh inoHt farirers ar-' aic|uainted with the nature ot' j;rottth ot the »wo varii'tien, clilliiulty is very often cxjw ieiui'd in j{ettin>; sei(J of the kind ili»iied 1 eiiiUKi of thi^c liieal tetiii', Coiiiiii 11 h'lil I'liii-' r is a de. ply looted l)ieiinial (ilant rarely ap|rt'arinx in i|'iantity afl> I (he deniiid vear, although, if the after urowlli he not eut oi closely pastured, it f n 1 ( , re seeds itself anil fie.|»ently eoiitinues in the hay erop for a nuiiilsT of years. Till sti 111 is shortir, and it is from ten days to t«o weeks tini liei than I lie Mamiiiolh \,iriet\ . MitiiiiiK'lli A'.i/r.r /'-a Viii' Chin'r is elaimed to he a short li\ei| perennial for inoint eliniates In a dry inland climate it seldoiii priKlines a protitahle crop after t'le second viar. It is very hardy and is considered ahetter variety for liu'ht soils than the f'onunon lied. Its riMits an more tihrous, and its stems are loiter and weaker. It is in some respeils till- U'sl v.iiiily to sow with yrasse.s. It matures at ahout the -ame time a TiMiothw and the ;,'ias.«es help to keep its weak stenis fiom trailiii;; on the mound. .Witiiir iif Si,il. It is practically ini]ios^il]|e to (listin;;iiisli the Common Hid from the Manimotii Ked seed, lhou>;h in ^ome cases ilie -eed of the Mammoth shows a slightly higher .oloratioii. < »i e pound of cither v.ariuty contains alimit .'!.5<),tMi(l seeds. When sow alone from ten to sixteen pounds of seed, according to the nature and condition of the soil, should he used |iei acre /'nii/iirlion of Set'd. — Kcil Clover seed is prixluoid from th(! second crop the second year .ifler it is ,sown. NShcri the crop is to he left for seed it is usually pasture I until ali,)ut the midille of J.mr, or cut for hay early so as to allow the .second crop to get a V iiioroiis :;iowth. The yield of si'ed tluctuales ,iccordiiig to the season and it is very dillicull in any year for seeijsmcn to get reli.ihle information regarding the possilile ■iioily until much of the clover has heen threshed. I'rrttl'-. ilicii. -The fell ili/al ion is accomplished chirljy liy insects, lau on account of the Ion;; luhular corolla of the Mower few insects can gather nectar from Itcd Clover, and in coiisiMjuence fertilization i> left to a few species of insects, the mo-t important of which is the common 'humble bee. It is stated on good authority that the reason for seed not forming, e.\cipl to a limited extent, in the first crop is because only the 'lUceii 'bumble' bee lives tlirouel the winter, ami her tirst brood is not li.itched in time fur the young bees to fertilize the tirst crop. ■J"hc harvesting ami threshing; of Hid Clover is managetl much the same as Alsike. Neiirly two huiidreii samples of lied Clover .seed were examined, and scarcely any of these were free from the seed of noxious weed pests. Tiie results of the investiga- tion, as is shown by the large i|uanlity of weed seeds, explain how weeds become rapidly disseminated from field to field and from province to province. The re;!i!!:\crativc price; that have bee:! offered for !«i!h Aliike and Red Clover seeds during the last few years, has encouraged their production o:i farms which are foul with weeds. Much of the seed which is grown in Canada is handled by the wholesale firms who buy Iwith direct from the farmer and from local seed buyers. In the whole- sale houses it is gnuled and re .sold on samplfi to local seed dealers. .Although in the letail trade two or three grades may lie kept and oflFered by local seed dealers, with the difff renee of from 50 cents to .s^l per bushel between the lower and the best grades, the actual value of the lower priced seed is usually from ?2 to $4 per i DICI'AHTMt'XT OF AalflCCLTVUE l.us he less than that of a No I article. Many t.-nant farn.ers buy the lower grades of seed, th.nkmu' that, so far as th.Mr it.t.Te.st is eon.erne.i, there is l/ttor value ia the l.nv pr.eed arlR. e, whereas, in.iepemient of thc^ i.oxi,.us weed p>>sts, ihev .nay ho .-ettin.- not .noro than ..(.percent of pun- livin, s. e.l for which they are usually charVd D?) e cent ot the cost ot the best (|uality of seed. ' ' The seed of Curled Dock, Cana.la Thi.lle, White Cockle and Kibgrass is very similar .n s,.. to that of He. Clover and it is practically i.nposMble ,o re.nove then, af e I e crop has been cut. .Many ,.f the seeds however, which are co,n„,on t.. He.l Cl„v,.r could suee, r" " ■^' ''""""""'''y •'•''■•"""^' "i"' •'■' oi.liniry fa„nin« mill well e,|uipp,.d with ','"'>■ ■■' f'"^^- ■^"•■'I'l''^ ^'''>«''''l --^ «i'r.Miu ai.,n ..f Ics. ,h,tn .'.O per cent, and those c.n a.ned a l,.r;,-e propo:ti.,n of nomature see.ls. M„.,t of the s.onples an.tlv/cd proved to haw. a h,.h decree of vjtal ener.y as ,s indicatcl by the perceot'a.e .ernonat.'n duri,,. . htst three days 1 Ins .s a very nnport .nl factor because if tl... ^.'crn.inatinn be slow- inde. cotul.ti.ms wluch are n,ost tavou.ablc such as wa.s secured in the Standar.l Seed (.e,Mu.,ator, the piobabilay is th:.t und.T le,. favnui.ibl,. ,-.,„dilions when ...nv,, in the soil Miucb i.f the sci'd wuidii be ii.-.ele.U-. |),a- •■t Ml I- ..■ \\.,.| .s,,.i, l.viriK |„i S.r,||„, I'Mitn.l. r.u^l. I. I (l!I.,u., , •j'I'.ilMI,!.. :;.S!. I 'ith, ,,,.!. ■ I ,. i;r,ihIlMi,| le I ltt;i« II ll:,!i.i;i..Ii IS r.l I'. :iii.|..k.,. L'll K. ii,|.Hlllr •Jl ll!l:,„:i. ■_"-• |•.■^,l.|.ik.^ l.';f|-..|..l,t,, L'l P.i„l,i,l... L'li I;. III!, w. •J^lCiiri. ti.n Vlu, 'M M .'tl I '.iintMun . ;tl M.ili.nt..uii X, l'..w,,.-!,i, , I '^1 c i;o 1. i;ii s| s| ,sll ft- ..H 7 -11 Sll 7 L'll ll.l 7 -" '.Ml 7 .'.M '.H \\ Mt 1. IM 7.L'r. ■• 7- \^?. i; i>. . -,., ", 7 --I i:i.iiii,-. W .>| t'. Isii 7 11 III. Ill s (Ml 1.1711 .*< Tti In, 1:11 .;i|ii ^ 47 ■2. 17.". s ;;s l.;;.i;. 1" 71 ,':i; ..I'll! >• 'J 7 1:;. IT. s II r.lln ;i (Hi :i.'j|ii ^ hi; 1 i.;ri .^ i;{ .'iiii \\ t of t ic samples. which was su iplc that wius absolutely lis of (iricn pplied lirvit trom a proinini lit Toronto .^ced house is the only tained seen lely free from weed seeds. Thirty one out of the thirty five, oon- " l-'oxtiul. Twenty two samples contiined Miryiiij,' ■lUaatitics of White Cockle seed. Hih-rass or Chiiies.' IMaiitiin. Curled Dock, Miecp borrel, Uan.ida Tlii-llc/l.amli's quarters and f.ady's ihuinl. also occurre.l very freiiuently. Kitly per out of'tlic s implex coiit.'iined twelve or more specie-, cf weed seeds. t,>n;i!i:c. i:, ii I i,o\ i;i:. ..l.t.iiii. li. M,. I'l i: CM Wn^'llt I IKI.MIN M l"N. |,IM , I •„<■ .11. 1 ,..,■ i;.,,„in..l.!.- ,„ ,„ .X.i.L.I I '..-t ..f r..,-h. 1. r.....,.i f 'i I.I.- 1 M,.l.' Mil.' :;1'.ri. 1. .iin. :i Van ,,~U, rr. n.l...iii.. ; .--I,. M..111 m It i:; 1,. 1 1 Si, .'m.'i'i 111 i;, V:. ir. lli.l-k.l 17 I" 1'^ iiMi:.- ■'n Si .!..,■., 1 ':\ II. 1! ,. •JL' .St .l..-.lll •s •JH It. tm!!.' ■Jl Si .I..1.1.. ■J". -Sr .1 ;,..,. . . •Jl. SI r..~i;i 11 ■j: ^ in.i.'h. ll ■_>> 1 *\ ,1., ,■ ■J'.i St Krmi. ..1 . d.- 1'.. ;un.- ;;i. S tiia^k: ;fl St 1m.,i, 1.1 - :«,l.. nii'.w 11 :u ■x< w ...I. .11 St ttioii »; :)> ii'i In N ilh.'k 11 St 11' r. . , S.-li 11.- lii .1; IT i:< II V ,lu;ir.U i .s I" ',1 III) r. ::ii 7 '.'" 7 •'" -. Ill i; r.ii i; :iii i; i.ti 7 '-11 .". 7*1 i; ml s I'l 7 :t,"i S III 7 Ml r. ^111 ^1 lit '.i:t II.". 7 III M s m;i >,'.i|ii \ !i 17 It so l.si.", ,; -- 7.;.". -J - '(7 t.i.::.'. t) S (IN !I.-J.".ii s 1'. :!l."i l.i.ii'i r' ■^ 17 s.imi 'I'l 7 ^'- l.L'Ifll I'.t 7 '.'Tj II'HI 11 s . "7 i;!..".iH) III s.'.Hn t;i.ilii."> IS 7 71 11 IMMI i;i s ii7 •j:i!:'.lii tt; 1,1 'u 1.7711 iS > :is ."ix". -fi 1L' '.1.1 r',7'.m '."• ; 7 t;.". 1 .'.I.MI •1 ; HI ll'i lii.:i:Ci y.\ 1 7 "ll 111.:;."." n ' 7 71 s, 1 1,-, >i 7 II 111 10 i- 7 .-l l..".:iii '( 7 .'>> x\ i; (IS |l.!M."i .'7 s -Jl •J.iiln s7 .'^ 7 ■ ' 1l'.7mi 'H') 7 '17 in.". '.M s "7 ."..clip s 17 lii,7sii ■J. "J.".! 1 'X\ .s SI ; lO.llll.l 1)1 S ;i7 l<.-.'7ii !»•_» II .sti lii.'.ir..". ^M\ 7 ."ill ■.'1,1. '.Ill '. 1,". !i 'j:t '.1.1 :'k". It'.t 7 4'-' l:i."i !0 '.1 ii:i L',11.'. •.'."> > 17 4, mi.". !'7 7 11 isl) i*5 -_ I 24 liSr.iHTMEXT OF AiiRlCV'..TVRE (QUEBEC- RBi> CLW%\K— Concluded. \\li-r.'..l,t.iiT..rl. 4"i N'air:i>kj , . . t'iSt. Fiiinii'iM *' 4> St. .r.icini .. -til Vi.nu,-ku ... ."■OSt, .InliJ,. M TiL' •V! C'liaitl. rull,.. .■•I St. .\,„l.,.rt.. 'itl .SllttMll -"l" SultMll Til! ,, '■■" \. -k.i.' i;i f^L'St. Il.„ti l-'i H..\t,„, lall- f;i Ti..,- |;ni,.,,.< i;.- si„,i,iu,,k.. CC i,iii. I.,., Ik^ St. I',,.,!.., 1 1 " "~ ' ^ Maik.t 1 1 \v. ■it.'lii iif f*Klt Cknt 'Jkumination. Actiiiil NumUr )>li(C |.U1, ■ ii.i.l . — — "f piiri' of piT lil III iiluil.l.. 1. I'ivin^f \V.-,-,| s,-.. I'.li.-lli-I. Sci >i III In In s.fd IIMI 1' iiiiikIm Tlii-.-,. 1 V . . T.n IK-I 1 "iind. 1 i>it> s. 1 »;'.vs. llii.sl,.!. 1 •■< I'tK. 1 u «. ■•* et.s. (1 lil) N] 7 -"0 !I4 HI s H 7 :i-l 1!I,1S.-| 4.) 7 Lil !i;i K 1 *M\ 7 IM 11. Lie. r 111 !KI -'I !).'» 7 71 4.liMI i; i»i !lli !'.'i S 1.(1 LMiiKf 11 IK) !><; i'7 11 .s7 ir. II (-.(I i; Ml 7 Lil S4 S7 Ml 1'4 '• 17 11 4- 7 "is 4..^!ri 14,1110 iti.iii.-, 7 LNI Ml ss .s.S 7 ~\ 1. I.V. 7 Lil 1' \ n 1 .'', 1 7."> 7 Lil s~ 111 Hi 7 71 •"..17.". t> ;ii) !'J .'f ICt S ;.'7 Lil. |i;.-, 7 K> !t;j .' 1 !lli !l'i llii 7 .')0 \.>a\ 7 .'< < s. Mm H III 1*^1 <(', ■■^ 11. U.S.-) li lil) urt '■1 !i n;i ■"..17.". 7 "i."i Sji !lt 7 ;<;; ''.iiL'.". i: :ki S(i ss 'V'' s ;,t l,li".1l li ."(1 i: till .si7 !i;f !Ci 7 <>7 1.1711 :il.-. li HIP M IM 11.") M 1 7 !t.i ."..71.-. li IH» HI ss .' I * ( ■** ix.liliii .inly low .rati,. s.,„,.l... won 2; .e, wtj ' "' 'V'" ''TV?' '''^''-i^^^ "' <>M.ari„ oftered. " *" < "nMiJcrr.-i an rp,,r,.sPntativo of the v.ariou. <;ra.l,.s ,. ^'i'in.::'; wiii^r:::;:::^;;!^;::--! ;7;7'p>'^in. ---^e <. „.. .^^,, l.tti,inaiivanc,.oftl,o(),,tariopHc' T ^^"" 'f ^^ '"'"•■'•s '« tho retail trade, Is a ;^>r.e,. ,,.antiti..s t,at the -.Uar^^'fl^.e^l'^r Y I^^ "^f'p^li''^;'''' -'"P--^^ ^ inoviiioeot (),itar()isusiiallviai.i!efli„.|. 1„ ) l ^ "" "^'<^*^ , "' '""'' C.lu\er .seeil m the drstricts in n,„hp, „„,, , . ^the Z l "' ''•'': '""•''■^'' *'"'^''"' -'"-'-r''^ i" '>>«nv P- 1IOU.KI, a'n I usually in .;;u;i,,7,,:;V '''• '^ ''■'"''"' "' ^'•"'" '" ^""^ '" ''^ -"'^ .n J!: ihS'::;.::;::::; C oi.;;: -f ^v.;:;:;;:!;:;-^!^ -^ •"'■ ?-• --« ^^ tho. TIMOTHY, ALSIKE AND RUIJ CLOVER SEEDS 26 NKW BRUNSWICK. RED CLOVKR. 4 g WhtTf nlitailH-ti. Markrt I'rict' i«'i cpf pinv hikI (jt-riuinaltlc Mwd in i'kii iknt. (Jkumination. In tlirw In t.n I )ays. s ct». Lb.. : St, .l.,hn 7 ;c. '.10 Hit 7 50 , tCi s:f :i l'.:itlmr-t 7 20 i;i> 1! nil ( ,. ti *KI Sll IK) " MiilcUi' S..iitli:iniiiton 7 :.M . 7S .-> Sll list. St.'|.l].-n ,s 40 Ill '.12 7 Sus^f\ .s in 1 III 110 >• « 40 1 KO |i."i 7 20 ! ■s.-, 111 In liatliui^t N 40 Sll SO 11 ,. .s 40 : 411 37 IL' .. i; IK) lit 114 l:i INitl. 7 .><0 ;»2 115 11 I'.itli <'. j.trc 7 SO Sll Hll 1.-) WMHl-tMck 7 20 .Sll 111 n; ,. 7 Sii !!.( nt 17 7K0 112 114 IS M ■ ■ ■ H 40 7 W) ll.'t !»7 '.i:i I'.i .Vn.hiv.r IW ■>ii 7 200 s7 S S2 14,H50 no in HI :w,:f4o i« 11 07 21,210 Sll II 1: 17,145 114 II 2:i 4,:fil5 li:i II 2:1 I,'*!:") IIS II 711 ■2.KV> 112 s 47 11 1,1:: 1,-, INI II i:i 2.4*1 71 17 11 4ii,i;;i") 05 11 ;(4 22.~> 117 .■< 17 ii,ii:«) 111 II or, S,."iO."> III roviiice. Sample No 11 was reported to have been grown liy a Carleton county fanner. Practically all of the Ued Clover seed offere I in New ISrunswick has lieen obtained from Montreal and Toronto wholesale hnuSC''. One lot obtained from Bathurst, simple No. 11, was very bad. .V ten gram sample (about one-third of an ounce) of this seed contained tiie following weed seeds : Lamb's. luarters, 80. "ceds; Stickseed, t ; Canada Thistle, -Jl : Catnip, 17; .Mayweed,"!: JSarnvard (Irass, 1 : Curled Dock, 41 : (ireen Foxtail, IW-i ; Yellow Foxtail, 3 ; Panicum glab'jm, l.'i: riantain, S; Bull Thisth-, 1 : Black Medick ; .n."), and Black liindweed 1': hi addition to having 9 seeds of White Clover : L'l'iof Timothy and \tn:i of .XUike. Three of the samples contuned Charlock or Wild Must.ird, namely, samples Nos. 2, .t and 15. Three of the samples, Nos. J, 3 and 11. each conUiined eighteen or more species of weed seeds. With the exception of No. 11, all the samples showed a high percentage germin- ation during the fust three days, only a few of them, however, were reasonably pure. Twelve out of the twenty one .samples contained over '■>,000 weed seetis per pound, eight of which contained over" 10.000 weed seeds per jiound. Their g' neral appearance a^ well as the results of their analysis is ipiite in keeping with the statement made by one of Toronto's prominent seedsinen ;— " Cert.iin districts in the eastern nrovinces are •an excellent dumping ground for the screenings of the wt-stern grown se.'d. " ! f 1' as /^h'PAJ^TMKXT O, A.^RICULTUEB I i NOVA SCOTIA. RED CI.OVEIi. Sample No. 8 from Yaiiiinuth l,„ I ■ • .,A«#1.f,'. TIMOTHY, ALSIKE AND RED CLOVER SEEDS 27 Whirc ulitiiim-il. 1 St. I', t.rs. :i I'liiilv;. liiwli I Mo,,-II ,1 St. I'd. r's Hiiy li ,Mil'-r;l\ lii\fr : KI.1..I1 l'..lf:l>t s All»-rt..ii III PRINCE HOWARD ISLAND. HKD CI.OVKK. Muikit |.M,-|' i..T liu.hil. WiiKl.t (,f ptiri- iiii'l < M-rniiniiti!i- S.-.l ill lOO ruuiicl:-. I'KIl I'KNT. tiKli.MINATIo: III Thn.- Days. Ill T.ii l>,i\>. I,li. A.tii.il (\ttit , Nuil.iKT (►f piirf "f I^IV illtf W'rfli m-ikIh SmciI |i 7 :'.;; 4. t.Vi !L' :« > .s •-'- 11,7»0 Hf) si; 111 .".1 . i;i,;!riO Hi; 1 ii.'j .-. IW 1 LIV) '.!.") ti7 ' .s 21 •.>.."ltM It-' IW .s ■>: .•>,175 '.i;t III S IH i,;«K) HI ih; 7 -"17 i'>:«i ,s7 '.Kl 12 .".'.1 i 11,070 Cliailook or Wild Mustard seed was foutid in larcre iiuiitititie.s in .'^aniple.s Nos. 3, I, 7 and 10. To insure the identity of these seeds, ii jjrovvinf,' test was tonduoted. Samf If No. 4 contained sixteen species of weed seeds. In general the iiuality of the Hed Clover seed obtained from Priiirc I'.dward Island was better than from the other two niiiritinie provinces, ami the market price |ier bushel was lower. Wli.rr ..litaiiic'l. 1 Mi-iMii L' V. in.Mi .-. I.MnKl..v, '.I NaiiMilnn , . . . lo K:iiiil.Hi|... 11 ll' I )iiiu-ui-- K'' M' iiuu 'J'uhiiif. I'.MTISH COLUMBIA. IIEI) CI-OVKli. M;irk. t |Mir,. |i,-|- r,ii-h.i. \V,ii;l,t ,.f ,.„,.■ aii'l * ;frniin;il»h .•^.■,,1 111 lIKI I'.illM.ls I'Kli CKNT .Vitual 1 Ikiimin.mion, III To Tlir,-,- Till lav-. Uav-. t'.i-t NiMiili-r .,f riu. of l.ivuijr W.i.l s,....l S 1 l-i- per P.'MIl'l. I'.U-h.U I.I.- 111 ;;i| '.I t'O 7 ">o IS no u'l 00 •-'I i«i 10 LM '.1 liO •n S7 ill s7 ill SI H7 •■< civ sil 11 .v.i l;Ci '.U Hi iv; 'M '.17 1.) INI ■-'70 7 '-'7 l.H.sO '.i;> 10 Hi L'70 il.:i7o :!l."i i.r> m ■Jl lis H.tlHI ss •-'7 .">s -'70 tNl ■j-i .-.:( 2. .Si.-, '.t.'t Ill ,s.^ 21 H) •M U IJ ll.lW i: * With the e.vception of samples Nos. li, 9 and l:>, the i]uality of the Hed C iver seed obtained from the province of British Columbia was exiellent. The most of the samples obtained were from Windsor and Toronto seed houses. Samples Nos. md 13 1» J-. 28 DKI'A HTM EXT OF A ulUCUI. TUUE ••ontuinod twelve and ten sp(>(l,s resnortivplv <>f fn..-i ,„i ii"i ■ .. f..un Jl:: JS'z^erolr ^;:::;'^;r:;:r:;r Tr^^Tz "' T- '-'- ^'-' '^-•^ N \MK i.h Wkkh. I'K'I (KNT Of SamI'I.Kn IN \M|i,p| hKKI'S ,,K W KKIW NAMKIi HKIIK Mil SI,. ( 'niniiit'ii. Tim. .til' Al-ik. li...l (• I'.Uck .M..li,k <-.irl..| |),„k. •■.ni:i.|,, Thisll .l/'./.r-if/.. /i,,,i,/,„„, 1, '■' '•' ■"■'■"-.' H..tfin Kn.ii |-,,M 111, I..i.lV-tl.mi,l., I,:uiil.'s ,|ii,,it.|-. M.IVH I >.,, I Hil.L'r,i-, . >l.. I'li.-i-.i-. |,i„.,. Sh...|,S.,r,. I . Wi.ii..|',„ kl, , \\''ini,-..| \|i,-ii,,,! V.l!..u l--,.^,„,l . HI.,!. ('..- U, ,. , , ''<•■ ' !,,l ,,i, I ,1,1 . ';'■'""/'» /■"'■/""■"i.Tnl . I ■n:i,ln,n m!u.i, Ciaiil/, t',i/n.,-:iiiii,i I'l ■\<,,;iri,i I, n„„..p..,;,„,., .,11,,,,,. r. Aulh,,,,,, ,;,l,,!,, DC f).,-,,s.,ntl.., ■,.,,„ /.,,„•„,„/„„. S..„rl,„, „,■,,„..,_ I, Ah,n,;,,ith„^ r'tru'l. ,-,,„ r. I'';,il;.,., ,„„/,„■. I, ' ■ /.■,,„/, „,„ )•,..,,,,,.„„;, I,.. .1 ' il'fisi'l i,rl, t„,y,.,, ,'.,',,, I /■'../,/.../.. /:,,„,„/„/„;i. . ' '••llf.ll,, lln'f, p., M, •,-,<. \I,.,. A'./,,.. ,■ |,v/„.,//„. I, '■■'■■'"■'■■ ••^l~rl,„.,, Sil.tli. '':'■"■■"" '..•'•..-..'/...,.^,, I, .V '..,,-1 .,.,.„,„, :;, ,,,1 «M. I. ri.'l, 11 .1 l.S ;■) :i :t 1^1 :< 4 i; i:) L> !i :t 1 .i IL' 11 'J.' '. .*< li I) i o 7 r !• I :tl I ; .•1,H t i o ■ II i; III II \:\ :i 7 II i: II :t( 1 ) 1 17 s L'N 11 ii.i :! 4i> II .■| i; HI ■■■~\ 1 :.'ii II It I 'HI II 7ii 7 II I 4 \\ 'j;i s 7 u i; I s !i| h .11 I II i; 1 :' 1 u' lij L' ."ij I :.:i 1 1 1' 11 II iiih.ii I- tr.i 11. llllir,-t 1,1. '^' -'M/li.'.i 1.. S:l .,,.'.„■„. |„ Tl... ,u. TIMOTHY, Al.SIKK A.\I) HKD ai.OVEK SEEDS i CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS. 1. The trade in grass and clover seeds is an exceedingly fruitful medium for the dissemination of noxious weeds. 2. The relative market prices of Timothy, Alsike and Red Clover seedo are not determined by their actual value- Competition in the seed trade has been too largely confined to prices without due at- tention to quality 3. Too many local dv,aler8 dabbling in the seed trade, are incom- petent to safeguard their customers from the dangers connected therewith. Under the present conditions it is advisable to purchase seeds direct from seed firms that are known to be reliable. 4 Ignorance on the part of farmers, as well as ignorance and a lack of progressiveness on the part of seed merchants, are respon- sible for most of the abuses connected with the seed trade Ignor- ance is an environment in which fraud flourishes. 5. Many of the most noxious weed seeds cannot be separated from grass and clover seeds by mechanical processes, therefore it is highly important that seed growers should thoroughly clean their fields of weeds before the crop is harvested. 6. As long as Canadian farmers are content to use cheap, low grades of seed, without having any definite knowledge of their real worth, so long will the best quality of our home grown seeds be ex- ported to countries where the seed trade is conducted on a more businesslike basis 7. There is a great need for wise measures and energetic and per- sistent efforts to protect Canadian farmers and their fields from the far reaching and Icig continuing damages which arise from the sale of seed containing noxious impurities. 8. Much permanent improvement may be accomplished by dis- semmating information regarding the conditions of the seed trade, among seed growers, «3eed merchants and seed consumers, through the medium of newspapers, bulletins and agricultural meetings. This process of education, however, is necessarily slow and will need to be supplemented by other measures, if the evils connected with the seed trade are to be checked in the near future. 9. It is not unreasonable to ask seedsme^^ to test their seeds, to grade them as to quality, and sell them accordingly ; and it is not too much to require seed merchants to furnish a statement showing ; I ^^ k/fi...- 90 "^■'•■'f^rAnyrofA^.'RiccTr^f; strioted or prohlbild ■ ""' ^"'-"'" S»w.Thl«l "ahouMbrrl o.oviLra°orrS!;,r;xr;r T'^' "" »™<""» .ra« and adopted for Canada. Anv «^ """^ard. of purity and fS. S "o. be repraaentod'or t^iV/^^Z^^r^o^ '-PumS'rtl?! f^M?-\ '^«>?^:.i;^7^:.--:U',i!i-'c»: mmsL^mi^m..:^ i^^t