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Dear Sir, The accon,pnnying description of the Sei.niory of Lake Metapedia- n beautiful and valuable country, hitherto too Uttle knou>n-is, at your request submitted by ' Dear Sir, Vours faithfully, RICHARDSON, BRADLEY & LUMSDEN, Chief Reporters to the House of Commons of Canada. Toronto, 1877, «»» o u o h E < o M < 2; o b X u o a 'A < m D O X < p s ...Hi../^ THE SEIGNIORY Of LAKE METAPEDIA. -»< m%» t< .t R^viN '"''^7'°"'''»' .'^•'"'^^y °f Canada, connecting the Grand Trunk Railway at R.vuNrc du Loup with its Ocean termini at Halifax and St. John, passes for a ZctTvlT : "' ''"^'' "^""-'^ ^ ""'""''y' "'"'^''' '— - pictureLiue its as- pect. ,s .kely o remain forever almost wholly unrcmuncrativc. Lofty mountains age and va uable frnber by oft-repeated bush fires, which have driven away even the game which might otherwise tempt the ardour of the sportsman, shallow i vcr beds and barren tracts of land meet the eye on every side, and offer an inducement to loi ter to none but the eager fisherman or the enthusiastic admirer of nature in hc'r grander moods. An exception to the rule, however, is to be found in a d st commencing some miles to the east of the height of land and continuing to t ent ance o. the Metapedia Valley. At this great elevation above the sea leve a plateau or table-land of considerable extent, which has been singularly favoured and comprises within itself innumerable sources of wealth. Th^hunter and the agriculturist, the fisherman, the lumberman, the tourist, the stock-raiser te quarryman the hme-burner. and many other classes may here find excellent sport, good timber, the best arable and grazing land, limestone of the first quality akes and nvers of great beauty and inexhaustible wealth of fish, islands suitabk' for summer residences, excellent water power, and easy communication either with the sea or with other portions of the country. The gr. ; . .• part of this favoured land lies within the Seigniory of Lake Metaped^ wnich IS situated in the county of Rimouski in the ProvfnceTf Quebt The ./..//,.« of this county is Rimouski. a town picturesquely situated on he Gulf of St. Lawrence, almost within sight of Father Point. It is a th fport that he Ocean steamers, bound for Montreal or Liverpool, have, since the openTng of the Intercolonial Railway, called to receive or land the European mails whch are thence forwarded to the west and east with great expedition' Th'tiglby of Lake Metapedia is only about 40 miles to the east of this important poft and 60 mdes west of Campbellton. a considerable town near the mo'uth of the R.Ver ChS. ' ""^ ""'^^ communication with the Atlantic by the Ba^ des a Sol?," f ""'"'!:' "'"'"■ '""^'"^ Rimouski. is for an hour or two carried through a bold and mountainous country, until he approaches Lake Metapedia when the •mproved character of the land and the timber is at once discern ble and rn a short ofThe' ^T/ "'' '^''^'^ °" ''''' ^^^"^'f"' ^heet of water, glisten'^ t thetjl of the midday sun, surrounded by the dark ^reen nf fh. fJ'^J'^ ^7 '^^^^ clustering islands of a lighter hue IT. ^^^4 I " ill • " ' ''^ ^''' -, cavKv.a ltj. ftiiis vvnicn require but the / % I LM?C'Sitt'ftt^^lf»^ '' ( « {I ;, cattle. This lake, until lately unk^'o^n o 'he to 7"?^'^ ^"' ^"^ -'^h few and explored by almost none offers trulv "'' '''/ '"^" ^^* ^'^'^^^ by v.ew. Timber-clad heights and fer'tile vall vf h T.'"^^""^^^"^ '^P^'^tacle to the green islands resting on the bosom of t fplacTd 2 panorama of unsurpassed beauty TheLr./ ^^^''' "^^"^ bine to form a latitude throw a purple ha.e over thi dfrk im" "'.""" ?' ^""^^^^ °^ ^'^'"^ ^'g^ water, broken only by the shadows of tie /h ' ':'''" -^'^^^ ^^'^^--^ ^'^ the islands which diversify the picture The o" "'' '"''^' '''' ^^^-^ - sportfr:::'::' mu^^^triht:^-: u^^^^^^^^^^ j^ ^'- -•'■•--•- and the ■ ardent disciple of Walton can find abundant fish ,^thr^""^!'"^ '''^^- '^''^"'°^t wh.le the encircling w, , shelter every n ciet '? ''' '')' ^"' '^^ ^'•'^"^-y nVers. nocent partridge to the vicious black bea wh" ^ ' "''"' '^' ^''"''^ ^are or in- most adventurous hunter. Thelumbern'a ' he! P"'"'.' ^°"" ^^ ^^^thy of the •ng his wealth by levelling these hitheT^o i:T;i °^ -"'-"-t, while increas- upon h,s country in preparing the fertile Zd for r^' T".'' ^°"'"^'- ^ ^^^^^t whom plenteous crops and increasing herds wo, M m' °'' "^''^^ husbandman, apace where the land does not yield mo e hard J ""'P'^- ^'"'^ ^^"'t grows the adventure in this district of thos^: lo :t;Te n^d' ^"' ''''' ^^'^ ^"-^ fru.t for wmter's use. Stone exists in qu^ntitre! .ffl ""' ^'''^^'^ '^' ^""^'"er man. and valuable lime can with ease be " c ^ Ct"' 1 "^'^'^ ''' ^-^3^- rushmg waters of the rivers, with their freauent ^.Z /' ^'^^'^"^ ^" ^^^ whereby machinery can be moved to prepare he '\ '"''''^'' ' '"^^"^ the world, and men and money are aTonTre ' Id "" '" ''^ ""^'^^^^ °^ supme and almost entirely unproductive into at '°"'""' ''"' '''^'°"' "°^ settlement. ^ """'^' '"^° a prosperous, wealth-producing HISTORY OF THE TITLE. - onl NiSrS::^ tlStm!;:t ^'-7-- '- tl. ,;th centum At length. however,-though b; v ^ L sTn^r' '^\' ^°"^''^^^^^^ P"-'' possess.on of Jean Baptist^ Raymond of La Tol^^ /"""'^ ^'^"^'^ '"^" ^^e 9°: -^ "'''°"^ ^ ^^"- O" ^'- 3rd August 170 Th ' ""^ '^^^ P°'"^ ^'^^ •■- Sheriff of the District of Quebec at thc^tV^?^; ^ P''°P"''^>' ''^' ^o'c. by the merchant, against Raymond, and was purchased v P ''^7'^'^' ^' ^^'-I for the sum of ^265 currency. The Ihlnf?! ll K . ^'"^"" ""^ ^^^''^^^ and contains some interesting det.ns ^Z . ^^'^ ^ate Sept. 26th, 1707 " This Indenture, madefhe 6th dav of's'"?''^'"'''^" ''' ^PP^'^ed :- ' ;797, between James Shephard, Es/sLwff ?f T n- '"-^'^^ ^^^^ ^^-^Lord ProvmceofLowerCanada oftheonepart andP^r^ Quebec, in the D.st„ct of Montreal, Esquire, of the othe" pa" '^^ "^'"''"^ ^^ ^'^^ ^^'^^ -cl -i^ercasH.sM,esty.s writ Of ex^u,ion,aring date the ,3 th day or >lt ^« ich last, issued out of the Cn„rt^ r^r i,'- . t, for the District of Montreal at he su.f o7 I ."m" ^°"'"^ ^'■^" ^'^^ '" -^ merchant, against the goods and chatt" land f '""'^ ^^^^ "'^ ^°"^'---'' Raymond, of the parish of La To'tu tV' 1 .-rn- 1'"'"'"'^ °' ^^^" «^P^'^*« . directed to the Sheriff of the DiS' ^f qIZc T'l °'/°"^"^'- '"^^^'-"^• the said Sheriff did seize into his hands :,nif.r ■' 'n virtue, whereof •said J. B. Raymond, a lake formerly call^ '" ^"^^"^'°" ^^ ^^'-g-g to the atabout ten leagues from Mattennejn h dTs S fofo'' T ^f'^'^P^^'-' --tuate itself into the River Ristigouche • w^th a 1.1! °/,Q"f ^^ ' ^^ich lake empties together with all the Isla^nds Islet's whch^r'''"^" ""^""^ ^^e said lake, title of a fief and seigneurie. hku^^oje: t Z: l^^r' i^'^ ^^"^^^ ^^ hunting, and trading with the Indians , ^ ' '""""^ "^^'^ °^ ^^hing, "And whereas the said Sheriff *' * » j-^ tised according to law to be sold anH .^- , T ^^"^^ ^h^ same to be adver- Court House In the City of Quebec ontl"^? '° .''" ''"^"'"^ '^''^^- ^' the • * and the said premLs be ntthen pi ^"t^' ' f ''' ^^>' ^^ August last, the place aforesaid, the said Patrick La„rn bei .T /" '^' "^"^^ "^^""^ '" -:j th^^^^^^^ confirm the purchase ba^ai^^iS v^rTt^- ::::,T1 ^r^^ ' * * ^-^ --e^. its dependencies as before described rnd iT . ^"^^" '^'' '"''^ '^l^^' ^^'th and also all and singular the r'ht' ritl. '^T" '""' ''^^''"'"^^ '^^''°"&'"^. whatsoever of him the said Sheril of „'dtrH ^'°P''''^' '''''" ^"^ ^'-''"^ parcel thereof, * * * under such rentrn .''™'' ""^ ^^'^'■>' P^'-t and mises are subject to. ^'' ''"'"' ^"'^ ^^'•^•"s as the said pre- " In witness whereof," &c Seal of Canada granting c;m mutatis tenu e oTe f"' ""'^^ ^'^ ^^^^^ .ng the whole into nine equal undivided shares « ' ^°^^^ ^' ' "PP^'-''^"" I8SS, and executed by the heirs of I^trfck LaLn fh '"''' ^'""^•■>' ^'5^'^' hands of Alfred Gill, of Hartford. Conn, by wh"m 0?;^" 'T' '"^° ^'^ acres, or one-ninth of the whole, were deeded tT^^' , I ^'^""^ ^^^"' '°'°oo in trust for the heirs of the lat^ D Steohen r '''^''' °^ ^°^*°"' remainder to Cortland Starr, of New London Sr'T'.'l ""'-'^"^^ °^ ^'^^ 1857. Starr and Crocker re-transferred thS fnt est t' G"!^ f ^' ^""^ '^^^• August, deeded the whole to Geortre M ZIT r '' '^^°' °" ^^^^ ^sth present holder. All the conside !Ln; n.7? T' °' ""''°'''^' '"^^^er of the nominal ($1 or $2) except "he cas^^^^ " ''"^ '^^'-" ^''-n^actions were which the latter paid $lo<^ A tra-^fer of T"''"" '^ '''''''''' '^ ^•''' ^- M. Bartholomew to HolLok. of Ha L^d A b>' George latter, the prop. rt. was sold b; the Sh riff ant 7' T ^^'^" ^^^'"^^ ^'- ■tholomew. son of Geo. M.. who now h^'r f^ ^^f, ^"f ^^^'^^ ^y George W. Bar- Alexander Knapp negotiated with Bartholom^;:: J! ^^^ Z T^ y r I d^ 8 chase of the j^roperty, and an agreement was arrived at by which a certain amount of money was to be paid over, but, when the time arrived to sign the documents, Knapp said he had no money, his funds being in England. Bar- tholomew sent the papers to his bankers in London to be handed to Knapp whenever the money was deposited, but, though he endeavoured to raise money on the property, and apparently partially succeeded, Knapp never deposited a cent. On the 23rd April, 1872, he sold to one C. M Cameron, for the sum of ^2,88o stg., a lot of three miles frontage, from the eastern or southern end of the Seigniory, running up stream, by one mile in depth. Since that time Knapp has disappeared. Cameron for some time endeavoured to secure po.ssession of his purchase, but finally gave it up as a bad job. The sale to Hoibrook, and the subsequent suit and resale were for the purpose of having the pretenders set aside. A petition was filed, and they were accordingly set aside, l^artholomew had originally taken the property from Gill in satisfaction of a debt, paying only a nominal consideration at the time of the transfer. The tenure, having been commuted, is now free in common soccage. In order to obtain the commu- tation of the old seigneurial tenure, under which Americans could not have pur- chased, the property had to be surrendered to the Government by deed. The surrender wa- effected in 1832, but it was not until 1855 that the matter was settled by the issue of letters patent comr-iuting the tenure. GENERAL DESCRIPTION. As described in the Langan title-deed of 1 797. the Seigniory of Lake Me- tapedia consists of the Lake itself, " with a league of land all round the said Lake, together with all the Islands, Islettes, which are in the said Lake." The spelling of the name varies. It appears formerly to have been Madapegnia, and then Madapediac. Now it is indifferently spelled Matapediac, Matapedia,'Me- tapediacand Metapedia, which last, being most generally in u.se, is adopted here. Lake .Metapedia runs from North-west to South-east, is about 14 miles long, and 4 miles wide at the broadest part ; it is fed by numerous streams, the principal being the Mattanne, St. Pierre (formerly Nemtaye), and Awantjish or Sayabec Ifivers, and empties itself by the Metapedia River into the Resti- gouche, with which it flows into the Bale des Chaleurs, an arm of the Atlantic Ocean. It is studded with islands varying in size from one remarkable rock adorned with a single tree, to those a mile in length, well wooded and fertile About the middle of the Lake is a cluster of very fine islands, affording views' "s picturesque as any to be found among the famed Thousand Islands of the L-i. Lawrence. The boundary of the Seigniory, three miles distant from the Lake .shore on every side, has been properly surveyed, and the actual limits are accurately laid down on a plan, certified by the Commissioner of Crown Lands of the Province of Quebec. The lots are to be laid out in three ranges, each lot having 3 arpents frontage, by one mile depth, or 84 arps. to a lot. The first range on the south has been surveyed and staked out ready for .settlement. Although de- scribed in one of the later documents as containing 90,000 acres of land, Eng- lish superficial measure, the Seigniory does not in fact comprise more than from 70,000 to 7S,ooo arpents of land, excluding, of course, the area of the Lake. The quantity of land staked out is about one-fifth of the whole. \v i i \N / ( il < I On the north and east of the Lake the land, is hilly, and in some places •even mountanun.s ; but at the sununit a fine plateau i reached, co st g o ma,n,ficent arab e and .razin,. land, strotchin, back beyond the boundary o nfcnor. A few settlers are scatte.ed alonjj the soulhcn half of the Seigniory but .cy are n,ereb^ squatters. Not one of them has a title, and but one a pre^^-rin- t.ve right to possession. This is Mada.ne Urochu, widow of I'ierre l^rochu the t'^;;r:;d"'; " °' '" '^■'■'"'"^' '^°"' ^^"'"'^ "'^' '^'^'- -^^ '•'-•-• '^-i- ' 1 1 a.n.andoher pouUs, are named. The Hrochus have been in occupation of the.r land for more than forty years, and. as a l,olding of thirty-six yea s g ves a prescnpt.ve nght to ti,e land cleared at the end of that time, they are now legally locatees of some 400 arpcnt.s, fish !" "'^^'f !°" ;° 1-'*'^*-^ Metapedia itself, numerous smaller lakes, aboundin-^ in hMin .> i "^--t ^-^-est end, though some of these lie outside the seigneur- If tlmthe^InT"^-7 ?""'"' "'''" '''' '"""' everywhere, and from some o them the Intercolonial express trains frequently replenish the cisverns of their passenger cars. Some persons are sanguine enough to anticipate a discovery of the precous metals in this region, and a party of AuK-ricans have recently been pro.spectmg for gold in the neighbourhood. Without, however, tak ng Uo ac unt any possible discoveries or prospective additions to the ..lue o'f he d - general attention. No longer remote from the centres of commerce since the railway has brought it within its magic circle, teeming with wealth w"cl bu MEANS OF COMMUNICATION. created by which .hey can L Z^Jl^l^^::^ Z'T T ''. 7' the,r produclions. Direce communication by ra" or Iter iAhe T T, ?' age and i„ both respects the demand is answ'^.red in t S iii';" tT' "' "'t r::ra;^i aT:r^hiTdir;;/if ,f r",\"^ ™t" "^^^^^^^ three stations wi.h^ it „S Sa;l;'eVat:t f mit eTsrirRinT T """ through the wL:\tdei'„„^°::fj;:\tTr "V"' "^ ••°^'' curves. This old road runs from ™H , 7 r .u ^"^^ ""^ """Pessary places somewhat overgro^ ^Jbrthr; nf d m^uT,^: ^etof ^ '" .afethrighth dri:r":Tair-Sid:rorriits^ in the m^d/ofi^mer-aVtatTtrip ^ftel;""" ''"'" "" '"'^ '"=— I I i ; h-- i b." I on > I o w C c Q < O ui H W IS s: Pi W > o o u c 1' ' About five mucs from Sayabec Si. >or.. the Intercolonial Railway apuroa- - hcs the shore of the lake, along which it runs for the rcmain.lcr of its IcUh wo miles further on ,i Cedar Hall Station and settlement, the name being derived from tlu abundant.' f cedars at this spot N-.t onlv is the timber here of excellent ciuality, however, for the land is more than iisualK' fertile ind there is a ,,uarry of very fine limestone close to the water. For seven miles more the railway coasts the lake, nd at ci^ht miles fro,., Cedar Hall reaches Amqui a small settlement adjacent tu the Anu,ui River, which flows into Lake M * ,'. pcdianear its outlet. Amqui is favourably situated. h.in^ surrounded with ^jood land, and not only near the lake, but closet, some of the best salmon fishing on the Metapedia River. The railway-the n,„st ni„dern. and the forest- bordered path-the most ancient, are not. however, the only, modes of transit in ► this Seigniory, which is traversed by a very good gravel road, solidly constructed! by the Provincial Government of Quebec. Along this road many tons of ston from the quarries of the Seigniory were conveyed by teams during the c nstruc tion of the Intercolonial Railway, and it stood the severe test then applu .1 to it In addition to the facilties for transport by rail and road are those by water" Lake Metapedia is deep enough to float a large schooner, but near the shores there is a good beach at which small boats can easily land. Near Ced ir Hall .s a wharf, and there, as at other .spots, rafts could 1 o formed of wood, or even loaded with stone and floated down to fde-water. 't has already been found possible to get them as far as Millstrcam, which li s below the most difTicult part of the river. Thence the raft could proceed dzv n the Metapedia to its junction with the Restigouche, and by the latter to the IJaie des Chaleur. and the Atlantic. In any case, the Seigniory is. by rail, but 60 miles from C ,mp- bellton, which has direct communication with the sea, and but 45 miles from Rimouski, where the Allan steamships call both inwards and outwards • and is on the main line between Halifax and Montreal. LAND. i, of P' ''"?''!'■ '^","'^f" i^eigniory-mountain, island, t. ole-land and plain- of the very best qualUy for agricultural purposes, with the .ception of a small tract known as Cedar Swamp-though the name must have been given on the principle of /^^cus a non tuccndo, for there are no cedars there Cranberries and other fruit are however, plentiful. This piece of bad land only about two miles long by three-quarters of a mile broad, and is the solita, . exception which proves the rule. Even the mountains on the north and east are easy of as nt and are neither high nor rocky, but consist almost entirely of ,ood arable and grazing land, while the table-land at their summits is admirably adapted for set tement. The soil on the south shore, especially that toward, the eastern end o the Seigniory, from Cedar Hall to Amqui, is equal to any in Janada. Some of the squatters a^eady referred to have settled around these r.o points and though like most French Canadian kabitants, unused to the improveS moderof cultivating the soil, and working on the plan pursued by their anc' stors a century ago, the generous e.u th has a hundred-fold repaid their tardy labour The clear- Z sk ffl r k'' T"' '""'^ °" ^''^ P''°P^'-^>' '''"' '^ ^how what ample returns the skilful husbandman might expect. Grass grows wild in the greatest luxurl ance. and the stock-breeder could find no better country in which to rai h be f u for exportation to the European market. There is no country in the world to excel this as a grazing country, and it lies within easy distance of the means of transatlantic transport. Sugar bushes are plentiful in various parts of the do- main, sarsaparilla is found in large quantities, and an herb somewhat resembling tea in its flavour, and generally known as Labrador tea, grows on the mountains. Fruit is sufficiently abundant to warrant the establishment of a fruit-canning in- dustry on the property, as cranberries, blueberries, strawberries, black and red cherries, currants and gooseberries grow wild in great profusion. TIMBER. The quantity of cedar and spruce on this Seigniory is of almost inexhaustible extent. It is found everywhere, awaiting the inroads of the lumberman and the settler. The cedar is not large, but is of the finest quality. It borders the Lake, extends back to the boundary, caps the mountains, grows on the islands, lines the rivers, shades the roads— in short, is ubiquitous. Untold wealth lies in these vast forests, as yet secure from the devastating flame, and untouched by the lumber- man. In scarcely less quantities than cedar is an abundance of valuable spruce ; birch, tamarac and maple grow to a somewhat less extent ; and on the islands elm and poplar are found. Pine is scarce. The two chief products of the forests — cedar and spruce — exist in such an unlimited degree and are of such magnifi- cent quality as to make ample returns to those who shall clear them from the soil. Nor are the means of preparing the raw material for the market wanting, as there is excellent water power at various parts of the Seigniory. On the River St. Pierre, both at the railway bridge and at the Lake ; on the River Mattanne, which enters the Lake on the north side ; at Amqui, close to the railway track, and at many other points, mills could easily be worked, and every facility exists for transport. Rafts can be floated down the River Metapedia to salt water, or advantage can be taken of the proximity of the Intercolonial Railway to load cars direct from the mills. Tanneries could also be worked to advantage, as any quantity of b.irk for the purpose is easily to be obtained. No more suitable country for the operations of the lumberman could, in short, be discovered, and of all prospective inhabitants he is the most required, as the pioneer whom the hardy settler will follow to cultivatethe land which he has cleared. STONE AND LIME. Good stone, when easily acce.ssible, is of great value. The cities in which stone buildings predominate possess a beauty and solidity which may in vain be looked for in streets of brick or villas of wood. On this estate are several large deposits of limestone of excellent quality, lying ready to hand on the surface in huge blocks. Though not sufficiently extensive to at all interfere with the depth of soil which prevails over the Seigniory, these limestone deposits are large enough to afford ample opportunities for quarrying for years to come. Already a great deal of stone has been taken off" the domain for use in the unsurpassed structures of the Intercolonial Railway, but the loss is unappreciable. During the construc- tion of the road, some of the stone was conveyed on rafts down the most diffi- cult portion of the Metapedia River, while still larger quantities were teamed on the Government road. The erection of a few lime-kilns would provide the means ,1 *-WJ T^tifiHt-rur-' t- z o o w p: C CO w < w a: H 25 O > Pi < CI w c H W Si •< ( i ( it "l- l 12 for obtaining the choice white lime, which is so valuable for manufacturing and Xe'rty. '"'""''"' which is produced with ease from the dtsitl of this FISH. Tel^' Thn ^^ , *^"/"S'^'"' ^^^^'■'"s •" the rivers and lake to a limitless ex The latter somewhat resemble trout, but are fren.i^ n,l„ „ i 7 ?""'""'• mg in weight from .olb. or ,51b. li 30 b or ever more ?h °' """"■ "'"^- tendant on landing one of theL fresh^at. „:!: e^ralmo .^r;;rr'tha'; :r ntrrrunrtfe'shtt'^? Sar^*" "T- .^^--t-t' i^lands, while trout are .0 1 tnd ta ,= Ss :? 't^: Lr'attf"" °' '"j more particularly near the cluster of islands'™ the m idd e of he firmer Th""' ;^^,'r:™;^:„rzfd::a^^^^^^^^^^ »•»— — GAME. .^.^ ^v ?r ^''^'"^"'■°"« sportsman, th^ is no finer country in the world than rise at the feet of the saunterer through the verdanTglTde ha e chaHen "^^ su.t. moose and cariboo roam the mountain-tops. and^bears are plent^^ ^P"" otter. beaver, sable, mink, wild-cat and fisher are all to 1../ T ^^u ^^'' or by the rivers' banks, and wild d:ckrh over ro^^^ ^ ^ At alTt""^'": the year the sport is sufficient to reward the daring hunter but'thf °^ the^fall. when the hills are alive with game, which tifl '^ LtenlirinTeXed CONCLUSION. thfrlt'n?! "' '■' ' !"'^ u.^?'"* country;^ming, as it were, the base of or key to the Gasp(5 Penmsula, which lies between the Gulf nf ^i- t "'.or i