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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 4 ! i 6 ;; ■ . ,- ■ ANNUAL UNIVERSITY LECT DELIVERED NOV. 27, 1863. « t B J E T <( mm of i&AmM ]knn Pen in |5rili})h imrriin." BY J. W. DAWSON. LL.D , F.R.8.. Ac. [MoNTBBAi, Daily WiTNEst* RiiiMVttT u I i;„ji'..A\vi „-t A N N I A I . |liM\l']l!S|'rV LiriTllE. SI M .' E ( r ■ ".Diilir.'i of (l*diii';i!e.'l ]]mu\ .Hlra in i5rilifili .^InuTini" MY .) W. liAVVSnx |,;, u !• K «., .\o. iu 186!^, It wurf iiiitddt-il t.j dfiv,' »< h iM.iiit ot uuiti) l(j" uil uur ?!ijiitutif( tuiJ g»hJi..iie:» ;-- an ttiiaually rtc irriuii ocean iori dti wlr.L'l. tiuthfi I)!' iutfrfst to ail, and cotiwroinj? tlx- j^tm nil good of t.h* U'/iv«>r8iiy, mignt >(> Bfated; on wLicb, in iJio bej{itiniti>< vt the sfi^smu a.> ia the (onvocMtiuu Ht iis close, w<» inifiht. come fogelher as a uai'ed body, tmcl vovibw our tur(:*-H frepjiraui.')- to ihi- su i^gle cf ihM wcadeiuiua; ytftr. The utility of aucb i\ meeting no cue can reuiionably doubt , and if on tbesi" occaBiong tho Univtrsily .-ha!! couUr.ue to Se rppi^'seviU'd bj itij bfirfl n!<>n, arid its mudtuits '^rid gfiduntca to aaseiible in U>e irue spiri; of t^'nrii.'js and tbiukfcM, V.O may boji-i that the beuflitci to oa h\l wiil bo gre«ti»r tbaa, from tbt- ivifrfqii^fiu-.y of \heae occasions, mij^ut at tirat aigbl bi tiup- posed. J had tlie honor to deliver th« first of ih'Be arjnnal let;tur(i3, in Nov*:a'.oer i^^M , hud on that 'icnasion dirfcted your atiention ti) the early hJBtory of this Ui.ivctH'ty, and efl{it-Hally to ihe life and ;'iTaraot»r of /'•; foinidor. The Ht'cond lecture wt.0 ddivered bv the Rev. Vico-Priocipal Li neb, nn the " Priucif.lps oi Absolute and Relative JudtiLe,"- tboaf great (■nnciplffl on which are baaed the uiora! gov- en uuot of the worlo, and nil tne du'ieaof man to his feUow ruari. Pvof Jobceon followed in the tfucceeding ytar wilb bii elaborate and iiiatrue- tivo bidtor.",al vi. v, of I'uivers'ty education. Tht Rev. Prof (.oroish ntit ably din (.•tt:d your attention lo the ccnfiiiioi: of tdiu-atic ti among thf» ancients, — a moat inteiettting ani instruc- tive Bubject. The lecturer 01 lrt<»t year wae Prof . Tonanc* , who eloquently advocated ttie claims of clftfc-aicKl study aH a baeia for niodera liljera! efluoation. No* any of these leciurte has failed of good n-aultd to tbb I'niverflity. Wfc can CHcb of 113 rmvili them with pbas'ire iu connection with iustruc'ive innhs brought bt:- fore us, and healthy tueutul atitnulus I'ioaitnuni- catvd. It is only to bo rtcretted that thry have not yel been collected in a peiuiunent lo. iQ for reference, and iof the benebt of lbo8►^ who had not the bdittutug?. of hearing their. The 'I'liv of ;t/epari g the Univeraity lectiir? b ''ftiig ti,«HiQ (ifTolvtd oil ran, I bar<» cbo^en ad niv 8utj»-r. t, " r/" D'l'^ei^ nt h'ltt/caicd Younj M.'ii ■/! I'rltiali AineriC'ty The 3ulj» ct ia otii on which littie has beer, written, nud which I ma\, ttiercfoje, f-ndfiv ip to treat in an original 'uaiiticr, witbO'U hlariH' even from tbuse wh" m()>-(t value i ncedrJiis and most Bcrnp jloudly walk in the footiieva of auti<(>jity , ant, on the o'her liHitid, as being niviidf a uativu of Brifsb Atnericiv, J m^y vunture to speak of' hikI tu, njy coutt'.ryui.^n win a freedom which t>>f-y njiuhi not readily tolerate from one of aruithir oritfin. The title of my lecture lead^ m^, firs', to say i ii A wordd (f Brititib Ameiica, its preutnt cir- cunojiaoccs. a ,d it» 1 rosoects. Among ui and those who wian 'o please ug, there is already a oouvcntional style of treating; the aul j"ct. \r is to txpatiate en oiii' buiidltss territories, oar taei natural rebturces, our rapid orogrt^ss in pop.lanoM, wealth, and civilisation; and to picture a future in wbiob all the blePflin^a of i.a;ional greatnfaeard jrosperity wiU be [toured tipou ui, without Lbeir druwhackd. I prefVr hero to take a i^oinewhat dillertnt view, and to look Hi ci'rtair. aoV^i r realities of our p"i-ition, icsa fi <r'iut Tilly dwf»lt upon by popular &pfak«r8. ^ do ihia the Uior^ readily, bccsuse 'be view ord'nariiy taken dirtr'.s our aUen'i.n too stiongiy to merely material adv«uta;<fs, and prevcnta os froi;. regaiding a« we nbculd ihotH dilliculties ;(.n(' Irawbiitks wli'.i.b muei* be inpt by ihoughf, enery;y, and enter(.rise, It. iertil>j us to exa^rg'jra'e our arjv9rtag»?, and to forift t that these, bi-wevor great, canuol of ibeu, selves secure true prosperity. First, tbti;, I wviuld remark that British America is a narrow Htrip of tttii'ory, (le.-iituie of good natural boundaries, and hnmrned in b»^-- iweeu 'Le domini'tns of a powerful neigh l)or on the one hand and the dnmaio of B'erili'.v and frost on the o'htr. From Cape Rtce to Lake Superior, we have b belt of coutittj of irregu- lar width, but 30 narrow that arywbere no very long journey e.aHes tht^ Iravpller to pass entirety atrossii, while its eitrem^^s are widely Beparatcd and distant cmatries when the best 2 m«»»n9 of oniHiunicition have beftn ftstRb'i'shed hetwffftn tli"!ti. Theao cirrMfnutanocs present •li(> fltrori)ii;edl poBsihln barrii r to n*iioi'il 9«- virify rt'i'l ((rpafn^'Sd. Our commHrcp will tia« 'uiHlly lli)W iilonn the nhort'^flt linos to the 'iciffhbonng yt»t«B. (^ir Busrorn [mople will know ]«99 of oiir W"9rern people thtti (hny know of thepeoplflof FiritHin aiKl St-w Koi?- l>tnii. Our fjrHHt ueitf^ibar on tho Smith hua, 'in'ler tht* p^^'^8llre if a Mirf i;ft'ion'»l ticofusifv, ilreaiy grow'i t'r >m b^'ig in" l^-ftfl' wurlike nution in ihfi wr»rl i into a K:r«Hi military piwer ; whiln if if, Bhonlil tbjnk proper to assHil us, no v'.onceival)l(! amount, nt'iuilitHpy r^-aourcoa could P'.otort till our lo'ig frdutirtr, Hud [irfvpnt our country from suff-ritift n Horne pan of it the horrors of inv.iHion. <Mi the other hand there s.'Pms HmHll iiroappct of our twin? Hhle to in- rude with the arts nt civilised life the deaolate reixious lyini? to the north of Uci. ^fo country so formed and Mi'uated ha^i ever 8«>oured and ni ait; tai tied a lUable national exifl- tenc«i, without nm'nent (jiialitie-t on the part of il9 people The i)ld seats of population on the Kuphrates and Tiizris were, it is true, thus rietnmed in between the Curdiah Mountains tiiid 'he Syiian iesert. Ecyi>t also was a siri;) along th»* Nile. The F^oruui provnu'i^H in At- ricft form'-d a band of populoti 'n between de- serts and the sea, hut the circumstances in all thi'Se caries were wid^dy diffi^rfnt from ours; and even in thepe, only ^leaier civilization and en- er(?y secured them n temporary prosperity, and want ot i 'ternal unity and feaia of invasion from abroad, r revented security, and led to ultimatH overthrow. I hold, therotore, that to a country like Bri- tish America, at; independent nat^ional existence, for any uaef 1 or good purpose, is a ditficult (kchievetnent, and in the present state of our population, impossible. We mii.st, in our liresetit condition, remain a dep.'ndenoy of the Mother country, or fall into the hands of the United Stales, This aitutttior, whUe it affords no present hope of threat political pro-eminence or military aucceari, 18 not without coutiterhal )\acinp advantage?. It, ((ivt-s uaa position of hum bie and paciti? useful ness, lespectable if not great ; and tendinp; to induce u3 to cultivate the arts and sciences of pCMce, rather than those ambitions projects whicb ii>;;itat» grt^ater stivlea. Again British America is not one state. It is a rope of sand, made up o^ a uumber of petty provinces, and peopled with dis8itj.;i!nr and ofte» antagonisttc races. Here again is small prosoect nf a great natiunnl exi3t''iu;e; and in the want of united action In matters of public concern, <■! ''^e j trrinc v^ w^ and liltle hostile local and r- cmiolictes of ou/ pieseni politic, we 3ee but » fcri'shttdowlng oi wiiat might befall ua, if present restraints were removed Even here, however, there is room for conso- lation. The rivalry ofrRccfl and locilitiei, if iinpleasant, is atiniulatiDg. It prevenla stag- nation, and so long as it i,^ conducted with ia- lelligence and honesty of purpose, it promotes g.^neral proanerity. Only when it places itself in op >08ition to public interest?, and ia diebon- est in its meaus, does it become a destructivo Duie»iic«. The states of G'eece, and the Rppiib lioa of Italy, rtir)rd us hiatoric inst.HinceB uf nation- al life oTthe highest order, amidst th'-seelementK of weakiiHgfl and disorder, yet with draw- backn and fmlureH which we shoiid not desire to imitate Hritaiu itae'f is an eminent itiBlance of the moat di-icordant and hostile population?, form<ii bv time ami Iraining inttj n harinon mu who'e, yet by a course of training bo Iodk ant painful, that wp would do well here to avoid hs auj'h of i' us We can Ajrain, British America •« a new country. (t is but a colony, not bef;iii.>iP any one forcibly kpeps ir so, but bec*i8<' tl la le its nature. \' i9 m>'re') an offshoot of the redundant population of other lands, with every ttiing new and in- comideto, without old ins'ittiliouB, or hfart- siirring traditions; desli'iito of nearly all thing! around which, in older countries, the popular mind cliug? as the centres of iis unity and patriotihm. The want is gnat ; but fhnn we have the advaiitage of the experience of the m')iher countries of our population , and we have our own history to make in '.he present and the fu'urt'. la doing so, on tli« one Laud, WB are tree to choope our own plan,-?, and, on the other, we can borrow a.>i much as we jjleaae from abrodd Canada has two emblems which have often appeared to some to point out its posit joa in these resp^cs, — the I'enmr and the Mufili. The b"aver in his sagacity, his '.-..dustry, his ingenuity, and his perseverance, is a most- res- peCnble animal ; a much better emblem for au infant cnutitry than the rapacious eagle or even the lordly lion , but he ia nlsoa typo of unvary- ing inat nets and old-world traditions lie does not improve, and becutnes ex'inci rather than chnnne Ida ways. The mmile, again, is the emblem of the vitality and energy of At.ew country ; viRoroiiH and stately ia its growth, changing its hues as the seHSoua change, equally at home in the forest, in the culiiva'id fit-Id, and stretching its (rreen boughs over the dustv streets, it may well be received as a type of the progressive and versatile spirit ot a new and growing country. Some of our artists have the bad taste to re- present the beaver as perched qu the muplw bough ; amofltuDpl aiuint fioaition for the |iO'>f anim d, »nd suggestive of the tho-ight that he '6 in the net of Kaawit;g through the irurk of our naticn.il tree. f'erhrt.;3 :>onu- more ventiir- otjp deai^'D'T may some day reverse the pofiiion, and represent the map'e branch as fa-^bioned into a clnb wherewith to k'lock the beaver ou the head. It is the pan (d a man of tas'e to avoid both extremes. In othv^r words, we nre placed in a position in which either unproj^res- eive stolidity or rafih innrivatiot', eiih(r blind adherence to or sflf confident abandonment of them mny be f.ital to us. The conclusion to wiiich I wi^^h to lead by these preliminary remarks is, that, in British America, »( ml^ and eepccially cultivHtod mind, ia the clief of th*^ natural r-sources of the country , that, with this, we mi hope to over- come all the disadva'itagea of oui f)oaition, and to achieve a greatness al! the more stable that it hM eoat Boraetbiiiur ; thiU, withoul thi.'^, we shHii bo poor ui(]e<d,— ft tnerw fi)il U' net off itj« Biijiori r liK'H ah J jiri»a)>prity ut' otb«r Inridu. Kilnniii«-d miad, Hrd, «ii )Vf u'i, 'be .'ducAiril n\uid id th'jdo youuK ui» u woo aie u»iuv(i«t ,/ the floil, — <vbo ttju-it own Hritidb AuKTiid »a tbt'ir ouuntry, — i3 tii-ilujoi. wliich. nmUr God'* blfHB'iijjT. w« niUBl cbuM) rely f')r prospw riiy Hod projrr^'BH, nuu wiib.nit wiicb «-v«d lho«' fToai n»kiiirKl r».'rfourc»s wbicb uur '•ouii- try pMBseespH uny bo uceleaa, or mny hm used oil I" by o'herB. liiK whtit \-i fdiOHtiou? Kuiic'UioD bai dif- ferent dtvrcfs I tmid to bn ijiii'ducai»d ihhd, tlioK" wh(Ht' oppoi Uifiilitthi'! li-iiihiiif{ liiiVfrb'fa limited '<j tbf ruTrt imilHlioa of lUcu !<eui()rj, — tli *»«■ wlio, prh-lH nlly, oaiHitl or do uot nud una wtuc la llx-ir own ram ht.-r tongue. S.icli poreoDH nuidt, wilb few ex eption*, dtiri wiih thn current. In lh« ir riabiid, ih«ir tastee, and lb< ir CH(»ii('ilie'i, tlicy will be wljul lti<ir |>r»-dt- Cedsora liHve ht'«o ; or, in ilu- more (rue bltitea of Bocie'.y, in renutr, setUed diairic'S, h IhiIb lower. hicb in- n m^y, by tbeir pbyaiotil powers, bf) of Bt-rvice to sucu'iy , bui, lU il.t prvseui SMigf' ot UiH worl'J'd (>ro)ircBtf, ih^-y nro DieiiMliy rtrid Diiiraily a dt.jid wci^hl [i\n>ii \' ; and tbe> iiie lititile ^o c)traL.t{«i dthitiu.iiB lii.d wild ex(?it< menlfl, wbirb uii^ki' Ibtm, und<-r crtui'i c.iicuiUHtttiK'eH, un unstable nnd drtiofei- ous mob. lo iheui, tiiuir oontitry bad to ;in.sl at)d no tutiire; tbeir lives (liiu tboutjbtB i-iinif to ibe present alon»,nn.i toihi8 in il.'i nwrrowt st 8pbere. it is to be boped that, in Britidh Aiue- rioa, tew persoas uow grow up in ibu cuiidi- tior.. To tbeBe we may add ftB pracfically iiuedu- CH'ed men, ibose wbose e'uorttiou bus faiUn ebort of enabliiij? oi iiiducin^ Uniu to aeqijire kiiiiWiedjiP by reafmur, or to tbmit tor ibtui- Hi Ucd ; or, hgain, tbo.se wbo, bavinn; abanaou- «•() «b»;'a(8elveB to rtsnsuHl and itnmoriii fi.thits, b«V'' tost all control ovt-r tbeir afipetilts >iud piiPsioud ; or, HkTrtiu, those w h» bav*-. tbrown tbeijijielveB into the vortex ot dissipation and fr'voliiy, and are wbir.td nround witbo'il any 8'.'ady peici'ption r,f tbeir true lut'Tedtd, or iboae ofonur.'?. Hu;.'b tntn may come out of ' ur eoboola and instiiuteci t)f higber I -arniu^;, tbouga tbe greater part of ttimn aiv, even iu ibis lea- peci, uneducated men. The edu'.'itted men are, then, tboee wbo, bitving bwn tntined to h- vuo Udelul prolejaiou, and pars iIuk this wi'b dili- ^'> nt;e atid nkill, are at tbe saroe liint familiar, loaome extent, wilb Beience anu literal .ire, and are Ki n posi'.io.i 1.0 exe'et.^e a doumS ami bon- eHi judjiuienl on then own "rtaira and those of tlieu- cou'jtry. Sucb njeo laay exist in vnrioua social pogjViong. Tbey may, or may not have lieen trained at fullered and bigber Bchoole ; bu', wherever erfui',ated, they HPf the true strendithof >» nation growing from infancy to maturity. It ia not loo much to PHV, that every ooiiejfe student aud graduate should be sucb an eocuted n'lu.. Ho, if any man, should be learned, usetul, enerjjetie, and tbouRbsful ; a leader of men, to be relied on as an • ffii-ii'nt member of our British American Comm uwealtb in this it3 critical fltaffe of forra*tioa and ffrowth. If he should not, he iiiUHt be re«tirded ad a wiHtrhid abort ion, H lailure in the ciroumvaiiCfti iu..«t tavorabic ty rturceia, a juece of wnrlblebs tnateritil, proved uu.H«)rvioeftbU) by the very meaun employed to raider it i.aeful. If he who has bi'en selected to rec.eive a culture not auc--Beible ii one iu u thousand, should t-rove uuwortli^ ot tbui cul- ture, a mere dra»c upon a pronreB-ivt- coiumuui" ty, tne conirabi between bu) opiurt.iniiirH and his perlormaucea only a^t^ravutej his faihirc, a:id inakea nim tbe more des|iioiible. To you, therefore, aiudenls aud irraduatej, as haviti»; etj 'Veil the bijjhest privileges, and, for that reauoii, having the gravest resp aisiiiiUiius, I wo'ild ^apt I ial'V addresB my pnictical deduc- tiouH as lu the du/ics of tbe educated uiaa iii tbio Hijiitry. l»t, tiieii, I would sav that our country ex- peitB of you that you should prepare you rselve.i , iboroug'ilji for, and pursue earnestly and per- severiiirfiv, ■<• trie ,is» Iu! walk m liti* ; bavii;.' due rn^ard m 'biB to youi o»n powers a: >, Itd't-rt, and to your hiKbegt usefiiinesH lOBOcieiy. yt'Ui relatives and friends, and to the ChUie ol truth and ri>ib'eoiJBn»'B.-' in tbe world Hriiis'' AiuTica baM no looiii iu it for idlers. Tii«ri> iu umre iban enough ol work fo) all, and if we do -loi fiiid It, it is* because we perversely iiul f)Uiyclvt:B IU tbe wrouti place. There is, pe: hapn, at ihf pie.senf lime too great a tendency to Bf-ek one or two profepsionti as the soli ave!;ueB I" nucctss in life, not T' inemberinjf, tba". iu any useful callinK there may lie ample aco',:^ for th. energies o( evKU tbe abiest and best edu- lai.ed men. There is also an unsettled ano reeiliSB disposition which inducea young mm to Ririve to enter into the active work of lile, bef.jie ti/"ir edu>.aiion ib completed, or th< ir tii- cnttirs matured, aud which in like maaner caiisen tb»-m readily, Hiid wuh aliniJt indu.c- meni to fi>ranktj one calling lor another. Tluc' 'bings 'ire iu tb..- atmosphere of new coun'ri', Tb- V ate incidental to uufuimed and i iun^iu,; sii •( of society ; but they tond often lo pei • man '. weakness and iuetTicieucy. V.,uiig men are, no doubt, precocious in Am- erica, Htul call judf/e for tbemselvcH at an earlit r jieriod of life than iu the old w.irld. There ih also less of that ]i'e3."*ure of labour to the U vd of the demand for it, which, iu older countiics, makes it so dilHcuU to obtain cli^fible opeuinj:s for youu^ men. He ,ce, perhafis, there are few- er misplaced ni'*n here, but aiill their number is too ureal, and much ol this is to he attribu- ted to the desire to * nier the bunincss of life lA too early a per.'U'l, and with too little [.repara- tion. One of the tiat duties of tbe educated youn>i[ mtm ia thus to find, it | ossible, his true place in our social eyst^'tu, the gap ;a the great aim y of progress whic he can beet fill, and iu wbicu be may beet do battle tor his country and bira- aelf. He will mo'jt certaiv.ly do this w.-U if he consults his powers rather than bis propensi- ties, hia duty rather tnan his seliich interes's, and if be regards the leadings of Providence, and takes counsel of tl-ge wbo have greater experience than he. 2u() h U the diitj of odiicAt<>d meo to rulti- »»if.e the hii/boHtttHndftrd of prof«"«t»ion>il ex pel- W.nno. ft IB disKraciifuJ ti th« ediirtitpd mnri to fink twlov^ othcra iu thin rfppirf, to b«» ■•(ini^-nl mi>r(*ly with tlje nan:." of exerclsjifij.' some ii«ffiil rillinn, and to be incompi'toQt to Mie proper dischftrn^ of its diitlen. 8iich cacs as tbi? nre rnrK ; but thern ««• olhor fMluren in vhls mfttter Bcarcflj h86 ciilpnhlp. Therf> nre Borne nian who nrc I'oniAnf with ♦ He Tn»^re rrtnthic ffirfonimncf^ >! the ilutiea tf their proft'ssion, who ftHpiro to nothing Iw'ond mediocrity, and aro in cotmequeni t*, tPtHpf^d to court eiicceH by mc-tn arta and peruooal iriHu- fncp, rattier than by in liontwt etfort to nirain to etn'Tifoce. There is a]j(> h tBiidbvcy to aettk for the caaieRt and shortest rnursM of profes- Biunal trHinltiR, to think iht» enti ih securt-d if au eiatninatiun id paM-^fd and a title paiMn'* and rhU kind of entrance >i:to profe.n:ional liff is frenerally followed by the dibooiy and in>'ffi- rien' proaecutiou of it to which I havt? joat re- ferred. AfT'iiu, wo arc loo ofti-n content, oven 't we Hupire above mediocrity, to limit our hop-^H to the level of those who have immediately prece- ded 118. Tiicro m >y bo circiinvi>tatK;<'3 in which this is allowable, tmt they rarely occur in oir lime and in this country. <)n' pre.<er«'n=tor3 h9v>' (f'^nernlly bad fewer aiivaotages »han we, or, if i^ot, these have, to a certain extent, been neiitr'»li7.-'d by the liitfifiillieB of an eavly ti^nii^. )tle in :\ new '-oiintry aad in m tried circum- Btantes If we are simply to i!o;iy ihem. we shall surely fill below them ; and the (roKress of the art.g and acienre? among 03 will b^ ar- rested or will give place to preriiai'.ire ■1»«eay. A mere imitator can never attain to exwllencfl. He who, in a coiintry like this, eels b'forc him- aeit only the etaii laid of a previous Ren* ration, will be a dw>irf ia the geiierMlioa 'o cora'». Ft 14 this consideratiou whicli best shows ui? the folly of those who, ia thia country, m^ke w*r ou out professional SJitioole, and wjnld narrow down profeuaional tramiot? to the iu«rfi serving of an apprentice tihip, Were our le^al and medical practitioners, .irourliod-surv^yors, for instaace, to be trained iu«irp|y ia thi,4 wny, they woi'ld, as a matter of couraftj fall b» lovr the love! of their masters ; or, if they atiained thereto, it would only be l)y superior ability or desperate eff )rta. The genera i standard of r.he profession would be lowered from time ti, time, Mere examioatiuua, however jevere in name always deaoeud to the profeasiou.Ll level of the. period ; and there would, conseipieritlv in the higher professions, be a gradii-U d«- cadeu'.-e, unlil we might with truth look b'ick wiih regret on byg'^ae 'iay?, aad mo^ru the intellectual giants wbo had giv^ n biiib to a race of pigmies. The true intnrests of a prof-s- sion require that some of it-i br>8t men should bf selec'ert, and r'urn'slied with every means Ov keeping op ftt\d exienJitig tl.eii- piofe^.^ioual knowledge and skill, and far com nuaioaiing these to others ; an •» that in this way the stan- dard of proli^sdiunal attiinmentslnald b^ raised progressively as the country and the world ad- vaace in civilisation. It may be a cause of rnoTtiticalion to lonie jealous tind set fiib ptnOBt that young iri«n bftter educated than they should enter into proie<i8lonal life ; but the triiljr patriot.c wil! rejiat all .ifjriB to repreis pro*eJ- sii^nal edura'i)ri, kr beiinj; st^i.^ bA<:kwnrd toward nied i'val burbariam. Nor wou'd I limit myself lifre to aohoola for the so CKllod iearn. d profesalonK We have not enough la British America of firt and pruoticul science Bcbooln, which c )old b>ar directly on the tine and uieful arts, and on the growth of our raaouftiCtures. Ii this roireraity we have end(!.i^ ore!, evi'o at the ri»k of ov«r»frp- ping at once o'lr means and our tr le fimction HH a cioUegiato i'lsti'uiion, in ev»ry way in our power to etiraulata public o(iioion in thia diree- lloo, atid 'o do some of the work onrsi'lves. In praetical cbemls'ry, in geology and miniiig, ic ellgiM^erial^, in tKo art nf teaching, in agricul- t'lre, we hive striven ti (connect scienlihc teaeb- ing wu.h the ansoflif'. We hHre Tiiet with somp succeBS, though we have lound that in H')me re",)p>vs this country is still be.low t'i« point at wli'cli the watit of good 1 raining is fe.lt. Hi«t this infant state of our society is passing «wfty, (lud the time may come s.ioner than we exp 'ct when Mriii.'h Aiiierir>< may have not iiiei-ely echoola of Law and Meduir.e, an t Rngi U'^ering and Ncrirnil schools, but Midiaty, Min- ing, Agriculniral and Technological ^chouln, and sctinols of fine m t and ornamerital d»fllga. The point tiom which I have been led into this dicresi^ion is the staienunt that the edu- cated man Fhniild not be content with profes- "ioa <1 mediocrity, but s'jould ri-ie as hi ah to- ward ' min'ue.o ii his profep'^ion us possible. I yhrtll close ibis part of my 8'lllJ^•c^ with impres- sing on you as a farther reason for puch ambi- tion, tlie duty of leaving your country V»etter th-ia you found it, of Ifuving io your wuik in life some imprint of a petmnu'nt character, which mav n ark that you have 'iffi; In a coontry like British Amer'ca, whethff a man can dig out aet^^m-'O'" a ?tump, or (mu iiitro- (inc'i n uhw art or profeasiou or build great im- provemonta on an old on'>, ii'> is bound to do his part in 'be work of pro|.;re8S, and thi^ applies with nceuliar fovte to tbo man of education. '!r.l. It ;•. the, ilacv of every erlu( :ited mu) to oxteid his culture mi Hold,* that He beyond mere- ly [irofesiiioniil pursuits To these la*t, au en- lig'ifeiied 9elf-iutere->t would bo thought .-ulfieient. to pnriiii; iitteotioti ; but :-ince this, eonu'tiinoa, fails of its ctTcci, we ueed 'ii>t wood-T that ;iiany men, siippojied to have been educated in their yoimger days-, contradict this beliol by a mcutal torpor iu tbeic luii'urer ycnrt*. The uned;ic;ited mm, who roitiains unti\iight, is sinipl) luojt or loss a barh.irian. The. edu- cated ti aa who stops short where the -chojl or college life cu.l-i, aud Ihoncefu'th devotes himself •'xchisivciv 10 rhe narrow ti jld of profo-t-ional lilo, is either a ineie speeiuli-t or a p^nlint. '1 here are count lies ia the world wlnsre the Bemi- bvruaiiiin m:«y be equal to the duties required of him by soci"ty. Tliero are, pcrhups, countries or eoudiiioiii^ of life, where tiie pure apecifU!?t, or the ped;nt nny occupy a usef il pliic« ; but, if so, Biit»«h America is uot one of those ouutries. ttu tr«>riii«>nt r|w!.yi ■; of (h.^**',!., , i|'. i ^--i,. | kiiiiJ^ o»' w.>rk nt'iotpil of nfulv ♦'T»«i_i >ii,i:!, itcinxiil m v»r»< 'J <»f iiif't'itn'lon, nnd II vi-firt'il'M ii i.*"?!--, Hiwi'or «.-v.Mi ihiin tliu' wlii -'i H'lili k>f> m < «-H«.|r v ii; t!it» ri'irf" advi«<;c >J c ci.iMU'pit •• < ( tlit <il'( Wftrlil. Oir fr)ii 1(1111(1 i« nior-' l,',, (hit "nn|i.« fliliwi «'fiCi' nl ih mrt »! ,. h I'xi -111 It, it|ik 1. 1'ioriJ" of Hiitinui;v, wh,»i h rr.un n.infl.i >ii> f<.i!|.'<| /roin flii^ ploti^h or tfi( *ii< »• |. (d-l, to ■•Mutiiimul li'Ol'OH Hlld to ll'K I tlHli't'^i'^ 't t.iiijllf •'.(!, lit du' Fairo lim ', 1*io iiiui*! liv •typ m.} iitpiivtiMy in- I oiigi'Uou* oni''cti III ll*'- "Ufe. It 1,1 u- lit» !h it ilii« !' hm Ik miliil f'liliiry in I ilirvnti-" OiM-i-ll ■"rtlc ; lii.t it ii oiu? ittf('[>Hi-ii Ic It (M ^lii iiiivfl mill v.^'oiftiidi ti;ii)\«'ti «.♦ u'tf mi,,.)tiH ^V1 ,l>-, iIu'm, «.iiO'i)i|->t ur, I', it til • i!ii >• 1)1 cvi^-t I'u'u tC' dim Ht oxcellTiT in hi- "pi'iiHt i''\il'ni; i» I* >ilii<> lii* •luty t(< ciiUlv'ii.' I,!-, ii,(.M'».<l f "Wi'Ct !>iur«- r^fnii •■ucly llm.i t'lH, Ht)<< to ti-«|iii" 'i' t'l.i', vi-i<,ni,il" V wt,i<l. iiiny Ti),il\r I, ill) 0*1 fill m HIV n ii> <ir il|i iiv.'i'iH" [.D ,'><i,» u> «•!,••', h" tinv }•:' ■• (IK if </rio wiy "t '!'>irn( tlii* i*, liv ntl )■(,; to !iu't"l\ piolOKHiortrtl Hli'li"-, ('h- 'ito . If 1 1 huiitV' liriioh ol III. r.i'iiic, Hfi.iit !• oi iiif i-,.'ni(M 'nl to (iiii .nsti'i. ir. rli". 'uttiti ,• ,t (•«. iJ-iiiuiiitti' ii! 'itortilire if'I -I'i't''', (i'-" pjl 1p ),i'u'i ili.-ui. 'nin ill.' i>"'irvc_\*, (II Ii-i'hi,l^ t\ < ',-'ti "<fs v'f |l|. JfCll'lltV-H Hli,l :lfM, tniV illh.r) I ' 'lli'i^"r (,.•(■ (,, iirolf>-*i('r'«l p!"!ifii> ; f'li', I M (••• !' )4i (,.ii., iMir t,i-tt>ilaii.< aiMl ("X tK, nil- i!iv, -f|;;i 111; I V,,,.,, ...^ •irj'l our !i'!i-r^ f'.i.i >ii' wm i', •ti-' , »wi '.' i- wiir'fiy too ii''ii'li to .li'iiiu, till, t; . 'Xtityii lOM-HOIilll I'i'Kll. of !iiir)i iiifii H'l' a: Vill (■ ',!,• It <ho (mI |>"i..; f^ji (,t o,i;- lMt;.,-r i M. ^- i,.il ii(,', iirt any Jitoiiv-ii.'Ilnl , M'j(~ r. P Ik''. I w)i;lils»y, I'n'ii tn ,.v, r> viln \(« '1 i, .i'> • m Kililii'Mi l«» t^(^' (r*':i':.tl (•;ili.v,ii''ii <•• In ,,i • ml' wliu'l) 1" ii»Ti!,j -i) iri ii<ritiiii y uhu'.i" ,h' 'IVM* UU(i to IIJiXlIllJ wiMl s ,i;!( ry, Pt'cit c(':*i,' liiiiit.cii OrmiMli o( s'u !y, (.ir u' ,iSi?'ul ,■< Mi'ii*. — \nl,i'» 1-1 hfti.ro v.) I wi'li ;i iho'ifti'i'i niitn I'l ' |)nli> (if o!i<;.in(il iii*i'-i- .•■,lio!', i:r. tins' vi'ir li 'i rrniHuJal ;-civnc<> m ii.'* .-n |'l^ -rtilon u> il',' •! t.- ot hfe wmiiH ninity luo'c < > Mv.it .l^. Th" (in.' mii »OI(l I'Tlll U!ft'lP,'l<il>;it ■ to l!ll^ caltiV tli II, (•/ t!V 'v Hiu.l -liill. A lid'ti lire 'iif JlciMii A lit . <• V, uii'l fjii iJiilitih Aiii'.'iAHii -uliifi'.ih-, i.-, (!;r iv, II!,; iif. uivt Hvkini; for 'li'l Alovi>>j,i, tht'n- ;vio ■.•o'.in'li".H «|)^.''-iiiiK"' J'"' ii-^t'fiiiiK.^i^ ill i'liproviiio r.li,. u.ciitd', II, oral .ml iv-liifiou- ■'"tiiliti"M ft' inr •,<'0)'l';, i.iul C( (lunili^' thou,t,'ht Hill t'MJiiiiy to i;iiil;l i!,- i.ji j)rosf:catiiifr tiu'in. ''an ^o i iioi tiii.:.iv ImIo om'- • if f! o«i- -JLiii' t ifi h.!^ ot fill, itui <;,,rj.;y, !)i,i! l}u.\^ iJo «im»'tli:n(r for ."i,ir . v iimv tjft m; ,i<l I ilint. Ow tiiisi-.<t. aii't iir:»l h iC''-'.-<-f il ,'!iO!ii*iO 'fl'o.'ii ihu^v WHO (fo tlio luo'.'i I' t' '.< VI- ly, •1. Tli';!KO t'ourii'tt raM'X.j iiiiiiraily It.til I.i t'w^ nv.M n*pcCi. ill whi. !i I ■lo'^io t*i ;iii -ent Uiin ni' jcct, naiiu'ly, thm if. is thi;. 'luty o) rtn; cd'iCi.Ail mill t<? I.iho'ir Idi' tin- ovti't^vi nii !,i. i;,| tl" I jh «"'ucatcil mii> .<«.•< iiri'M'. I tiim. It u on. ot ti'.i narroW'Ot.ijt'c'ioi.-- uiir-'t !!;;iiii>! ihv higluT iJ,\ ' Htioii, that il oi?i.i (ii- .•» tt'«' ii? lln' i »p>'ii:'t' cf the many. 'J'lut th ; if' ii(.'t tiL", i'i«" e-4f-iivho ^omwu by <;oiii^iil.;iii^ ihia '.\::: Mi|i[.ort of !li,s.i- (utt'g ot I'.ighfr leuiiong Cull-! in gipat jart, -.n tlio3o who are tlin'ink tiiut .IfL-J t>y Ui«-rn, nml tb^At tli« iuduoi't beiivfit^ i'< pi' vidiotr luotiis- Hioitii' nivti, tiii'I lit tful'i'i.;; iti.i. i- 'i. ni.i ft^^' well tfif liulior liiii'ri'Ki^ oi jwiiH} »Iit vii.,i||y irrffcf.er tliiiii fiif «M.i«i, of «'u 'i iiiJtiiiiti'.iM Iiiil(!«»<i if, xanr Ih' J i-ily iiiM, '}>m f.1.1' juh'U' li ; jfiv».Mi to lh« bi^hrr inrttit'itUiii.^ of U'ftinir.t; in lliit»'-h Arno* ri'-n, i« «llo|<. {lu't i"x[iPopi'rtii(ii.U to th*-; hmioftlH wiiii'h ihvv lri.|irp( ilj i:onl« i iir lU'' ppoiili.' Hut I wNfj fxTotu r»?j'inl ihc iiih;»<t from a fliff.'P' «;iit piliit of nirw, i.iirl to ""ho* ft, t!i>' rJiir.kK"! itiiii, thai 'I wivijMv <iti!i)^nili,n t> A' >u liiui l»)t to iMiUii" iiini.-t'll it, -^rltl.Jh '■fi'litViotu'i' lion; th'" ii.i:>rr«*u. »•' !ii^ Ivllow no-'!, hut. tc Icinl ihern all f'i,, '(ill thttl h«' I'iin in flio -Jti'iKfrlo, wliirh man In '•i(ii-iiiiifly o.akiiif,' iijj'iuiBt the cv'Ih tJi'tt tM'-.-t I'iiii ill llii« '^or'tl. Th" .'«iuc»t."i mill 9;i,)'ilil he a puhl'if op'rifrt'l n "p uti'l i'l fVCfVfh'iiu t.«"ivliin{ to popular <mi- ''^•ii'i niii" n' nr\ fraini'if, in which h\^ hi;{h t nirp'il .iiitii'i i'na'iI''N hiin to b" rnoif t>l^.;i»"it ti ii; o^Uif, Ip' • loiilil 'le toijint i<( lii~. poft ft-i a II' ••Ih'K IIP iiibi I ofUij HOi'i il itj'ifi 111, ''■',(•(< UP "■•no lii'.t'f.'j'^ ill pirt'.piil.\i ill wliiofi till* i-. I' I'lM'i'l'IV till' CilM', I w • '- p'li't to \l^^ I iti all ihii«o :n)pli(.aii()n«i ( f -iiii'iic • (,' t.].r r«"'',, i«rt.« whi,'h ■" ri"ifli (IIk (PioiHii .1. I tin c. Tfu •inp'lu(uU'>i f'l'iiiot iiviii! ilii'fiH.'lvvM !>• (';i'4..- it'i-'iout a.«'i.'.t.!uu:- Thi'v '•','' of'i I r^i, III tic 'ii L'ciMi.'iliou t-.i ;;• iU'ratU'ii, parirni;.' 'ii-p' iv,' iiii'i|io.|. i-i i|"iri'ly iiii|iiricil iMiiPp"!, .'(iitl fallii,t{ •"■iiil;." niiil faitlur liiliiiul ijic |tr(i}(. ,-,4 , t thf III?, 1 ')(■ c'ip'./io.'d 111 II, can i''i;;i:'i I'p'in •It,' •' •!..- pi', b» Hho.siiijr »ho iiyp.; ot ;i<'\v i icthi,'!- ,i'iil hv iiitroiiiiriiig i.n (■r','. I »fi. To lo il. Ml- notiPi', T.iii;, in- in n t>ij lo'.'il uf i\ii I!,' III!' 'I'lier, ir.if ri'lirnliul im a t.l,<'.nsT .III'! .1 «i-i i|.:«ry ; inil, lu t'li) op^l, hii vi^'*" «, i'' wi'j) I'l 'ir,ili 'I, anJ iviudiv miil jH'M<s'ore iiiijlr 111 f't, >\.!l |.'"vii;i I !:'nv, ]■>;• ii;?:aii«.'- I'l IMS i'l »h li.'uii "t 'iiipr<v->i:,j^ "ii the yt.'uiion ( CIV siu'li'M'-^ il' !* 'I'Ti* thf rlufy wtiip.h '''tifM on i',"rii, ,'■', I'liDw'inT iic.i!Hthirj» of iIp; pliy- i-i 1. 'v cf p'-in' ., iu ,| thi' ii'l.i'iun-- uf pl:int;^ to '.'ii Ji i!, tl' i.io'iK'' ' ill i.^*' iinprov, in,>n'-i oi ii..'ii c li un' 'v|)i' Il nil.'. aiM' llu; iiiij'Ox "ii>liiii"!ii ot '.'.:■ ij, i' ''■ lioii'' \s<'\ l'..;pl (o llii' j^n.' I'tT rnr- f.,uii(ia,i,! ii' • .i^Mi'ilu.i ri?turii ol our i',|tivat id iT";,-, HI! I tl' fli- .M,'v,iriip of iiL;ri''iilr iri' to its •i'ti(« , ''p.'ij ip^ 1 M'ii 'iMlv: art. T i-i is oiip o! iht- •H I'.' i-i w'.ici tlui t-tlip-nti' 1 II. i:i i :m hi; ii^ijfui ■p, tip.* Y*H •,.'«•!,. ) i.illiei, ill'? i!i!',c I'l^'.i mat; gh-np.! "lo al! In h\^ |.i.'V(c ,i, p.ornit" IIP, I iiiipi' vi' iIp i il'ioaliop \>\ Vn' v.»i!i,t! I lowe pii il.-'-" to uu.Jfi'rutp the coi'i^.tiuii of pip plcippt iij eil'jpii'oii, or thi> ••^tl.iflf! o!' tho.<o wli.i ''a'.-i- ll'.oi'il, atl'.] iro lilt,'.)»* iiij.' f'ln i .^ ii,ii/i'c\' ra"!)t : liP.t. ii. il.r ;;h"i liaort, iti- f'llty to a'p;!, i. n 'jyi'.i p.' il.-^ ui.pi'rtL'C- ii,"K. 1'. i-t n'arf.',?!v lo » iiv.icl: I'l "••; . t'lO, owing to ii'i'i^a.-ily of ttMci it-., fJ*ifCt,!l ,iii I (li'lii.i''i;"ip.« in 1.!..? niiiciial of eJ.ipjticn, ar'"l .'Ii'.mi.p-'.'J of th--- tn I" (1 'Vii. ,1 to it. ip't hall <if' 1)111' yiHiii;'; pt''4'l"^' !''c..i?i! mn ..'I .iiii!i!Cur\ 'rai'iiii;: ailtjuaU' l.o thi;ir H'.iiijii in life'; n;it: .irn luimh ii-ctiivy '^lucb liiiiiliifi; IS to i'i'.'p any 'oti! litonry tait-f-, or that IIP p.t il exj'.-.. i.'^i'in ntcp^is.iry to pinbli'. th.im t(- (xer''i"<; 11 ;.-oufpl nrijriii.il iii'l,s;mrnl in the luo.-'t iiiiportHtit alViii" of '.it'\ Evi'u iii our tie't uml higip'-'t. SL'tiOftla, iHirit'titfiblp lief'-ci*' tsi.si, 6 rtliioli can he noireou d only hy bringing to boar on tht'in t)ic fonre of au ■;nlii.'iil'''nMi [.uMj.' opi- ri'oii. F tpi.'lievi' t!i«f., If tn<' ♦■liuoHtcii iin'ii iml women of thi"! ^•oiintiy w«.t»> u> study thih siiojert, Hti(i ciiusto their intiucnce to fie felt on ii, <iiir <cli(>(ilsi would he '•ovolu'ionized, ami « more hfHlihy lUrfiiUl md i.ioirtl torn I'oriHiiaiiii itfi! to ♦ lie hi.'8t (>f thiuii ; mWuo the more soiubl'inCL- of (•(iuoatioii, io Uh! (•h.-'u of a liirtj*' protmrtion of ciiildri'ii, would no longer he tolerafed. Thti ed'icatfd men, who urn to coti.^titute the apex of tin' isocirtl pvriiiiiid. owe it to tlii'inHelvetii iinil to tlifir fellow Minn nore narrowU t'> in>tpoct the ruiibish imd stubble which are daily being bniit into its foi.iiilAtion. r>. Tie eiji:c:iled Tiian should especially ai>l aud prumoto the lilulu-r liberal ediieition, as d-,-'iin- pin^'i'-'l from >hrtt «hicii is (lurelv pro(i.'s(<'oual, uiid ihii' wnich is merely t'lementary. l! i-! this whie.h, in a new c<'Uiitry, ip lea^t ap- ineeiuteii, an 1 wl-ieh .'un^eiineutly aio^t cailb for the aiil of f'iose w|io ean uinlerHlaad n-* value. Mori: espe/iallv it* Ihi.^ the eai^e with regard to that form of tl'.e higher education represetit^'d by the Kaciiltie-" ol Arts in our llnivet^itieH, and which conr^tiiutefi iho highest ment.il culture ncces.-ibl'j to our youni; men. ThiH, the truly edueated nian yhouid steadily proujoa- an f /.'-ix- i nisly guard, a'^ the germ of the future iniellee- tuai life ol O'jr eouijtiv, — not for the few onl>, )jui lor liie many. 1 S'ueiy need icarcely add that every ediicited man aiioal i no; only remenitior with gratitude, but sulietunliaily aid, the infUituiion 'it which he has himiH'lt been iiained; .;nd I woidd desire luTe to say to our own graduates tliat 1 liiiiik ihe time billy eamt whoa they should, a^ a body, do .-omeihing for itti advautuge. Ili'lierto, men wlio -luve not received iu-» educational benefi'.s. have been toiling and m.iiiiug «^ciili';e.« for its maiutenance, and hmi(l.-«t ni.>ny ddheulties have b-'en developirig its powers. If )ts giadimtes would now endow one of itt* chairs, or eritabiish a iiuisar'. fund to :iid poor s'udentH, or give it the nicaus to ineroHse its library up to the : ^- (piirtinenia of the u".iver.sir.y atid the city, they would not oidy do a graceful and Vi.seful thitig, but woulii earn a tieiter title lo have a voice in the management o' it,'< aiVurn. Ff our graduites liave not already dones^uch things, it is not be cause they ate too tew, too poor, or two uninfiu' eiui'd, but bc'Cause they have not thought of them. Their nlucau Uial umtluu' expeet.^j, in her preseiit stiuggles with narrow circuujstances, s-uch traits ot her pa>f labors I may also call your attention to the fact, known, perhaps, to s(>tue </ you by experie'jcc, that the laws of this country attach too little Viiliif to a superior edtication lor public eninloy- nieiite. aud in other wayt ; and there appear to be among our public men some vviio would even t^ike awiiv the little vah.o th'.t such distiuctioiii? have. If we have any piovision tor educational (jUftliiications in the civil atid military ser\ice of this couutry, it is a dead hiiei ; aud my attention was oidy a few davs ago called to the fact that in Ijower Canada a university graviuate has not even the poor ^.riviiege, accorded to a nun or eccleL-iadtic, of icuchiijg u school without a prt. liniinarv examination. This i* also a matter af f^^|•dlng some scope for the notion ttf our elucate.l Ui,en, on Seb-df ot our higher iustiiutions. (Jur educated iricu should not be insensible to the sociil ind poht:cal intiT-'sfs of iln'ir coijnir> . This onens a wide fi.dd f )r usebd exfrti< o, rung ing fi )ni winU may b<' do;ie to iinp'ove the sani- tary at)d 'ionit'sM'. condition of o,ir p'Mr<'r peoi.le, up to the highist dep irtnieiits of the public policy of the country, All matters of tianitary and Boeial arrangement are in this country in a very crude state. Our pt i>ple have th-eii !'.uddle<l to- gether from Tar) )i.m places aud stato ol .-ocii'ty, and have tiot yet settled down iiito auv regular system of social order Our civic regulations, the drainage of our streets, our kdgiogs for tiie la- b ring cla-'ses, lujr luean.s ol contioliing vice, our a.-rangeinents lor instructive (w h'>,dt;i ul re- crt'aiion, iro all in an impeitect conduion. and many zealous workers aie needed to bring theui to a K'spt'ctable level. The-'o are all matters claiming the atteniion of the * enevoleut and thinking man, lor they ail tend largely to-vard tlie sum of human happiness or misery. The sphere of poti'ical li^e is a i.rt.'ublesome and anxious om;, an<i r.heai.iii who selec's this lor nis held ol action is, perha^irt, in'ilie preaeiit state of tnis country, less to be envied chau those who devote them.Hdves to more quiet departmeuis of ex'riioti. Still some mu;U woik here, audi is a field s[)(riull_v demanding the services o'' the truly educated man, who, wliether, properly sjieaking, in [lolitical life or not, sh(»u!d always lake some interest in i'lblie affairs. There are two great evils incident to the Hbrts of a young, ! oor, atid partially educated country to govern ifsi If, which Hiuinently merit the ai- ttuition of rcfieciing men. I mean the inflaence o. pri judicesainl of mercenaiy uunivus in our provincial councils. I do not wish to insinuate that these are the exclu.-!ive possession of any political paity. On the ontiary, it i.s certain ihar. in a country s^-lieieu populutiou is scattered over a wide area, wtn'ie luncli of it is uneducated, wliere it has been derived fruiu the most varied origins, there must of necessity be a mass of local and tribal feelings, destitute of sound rea- son atjid of expedien(;y, yet itiliuencitig men in their political relations, anu aflording great lacili- ties to the designing dematfogue. It is cqutily certain that where m^arly ail are poor and sirusr- gling, and wheie men'.-' ai^tion is dol hedged round by class di^tiMCtloni^ and by oh] t>recedeiits, and especiallv where there is not a s.druiini leadii.g and thinking population to utter a lu.ited nndj -^t pulifK' opini (IJ, lliere v*ill be a lendtiiev for liuman -elti^miess to mistake [icrgonal f.ji public inieresis, or so to mingle tiie two, that the boundaries between political integrity and dis- honesty may be. readdy overpasS' d. It i> the part of '.he truly cduc.ited and patriotic to contend agdnst the.Sv; iiidueuces, and to stiive, however apparently hopeless the case may bo, for th" influeaco o( r<'usou and justice in our public ttUairs. Another pha.we ot oar British Ameiicaii [>olit • cal liie nierits consideration here. An aimo,-t universal eullrflge extending over a population where uo clat-s lifies far above another, onaurtd itiati' ;in.v ertiiiu t.'reil jiried Ilrt3 ot i rua- eii in liii'ili- |i;iily ilMlt!', Lifiu i: iieti ji!, for pu'>lic polit • aiinot^t the full weight t)f tht popular iTiitri, wbHtovfr it iiuiy \)'\ in (Hir public counci'i. Sou sw-h a popnlHtion may be in any om- of thieo stalest. ICenliidy untHinctiteil anil itrnonint n( pnhlic af- i.'iirs?, it rtMi>iiiti8 in ti stnlo of vIi-ImI quifiuiie, untiiovoii by flio gr(-al»;.-t I'vil.-, hva\ Drily stimu- liiti'd 1,0 ftrtioti when »'xc.it<d l>y the leadi'rsj in whoni it confidorf. If a littlo fntiluT auvtinrfd in intelli<T('n"«' it bfcunn'iJ I'M-irnlik', (pii^^k. to .Hf'tioii, iviidily tiiovi'd by iver> m-w turn ot pub- lic HtTiiirs, and broken into iiiuuy confiK-nn^ p.ir- tief ; a si.ate of maiiory oltcii more ditticult to deal wif.h tiian the iiiOi<- ilebased coiuliiiun ot (Otal ifjuoranee. thouirh ^l.lll to be ri'i;aided a^* r, .^tHge of proyretiS toward thu! euiighteiied pubiii; opinion which ean proceed alone tioni the judg- ment of an educated cotjirnunity That we in r.ritish Ani<frii'H huNe iriiveil at tnici IhHt stiii^e it >*ouid be r«ti!i lo alliim, that we Hhiill leach it I Oilievp, but not, without strtnuo.is ex'jiliona and much seU-saorilife In the present impel tVot state o^^ooifcty he>e, ai :n other cuutiir!t'<i -iuiilnrlv -^itTjuted, we nmy ex- pect public opinion to run into violent exireniee, and perhaps its oidy law to be, tli;it if it pet.* very strongly in on« direction to-day, it will be pretty sure to set in the op[lo^•ite wav tt»-iiiCiro*, — S'ill, .1) all this il^ere is iiu re hope ai.J pr(';:resfl thun in mere Ptaeiiation. The cu'rent ol oui ^'o- loinal feeling i.-^ like ibut of ene ot our great rivers — rushing troiu side to yide of its rocky bed, now ui one :ii:ect,iori, now iu rtuoiher, now gliding quietly along, nmv lacliing itself inic foaiD- ing t>iliows, We may not arrest its* course, nor w it desirable to do so ; but we may lead il.'^ wa'irs P':?iitl.y aside, ami make beside it? most a.iigcrou? mrid. peaceful highways (or our couiimici^ In oihei words, no num can ui a country like this check ur control or repre.ss the will o( the peo- ple, but any wise man m.-ty guide it. to uscluleuds. Eveiv wi^e man may some dep»rtmeiit to this result, lUit to do this etVectuiiliy,the wine and good nmn, while sympathising with every popujar emoticm, tiiust keep himself above the lueit' driltuge of ll.e ..uirent. lie must not be either rejieih-d or seduced by the VHrvii>g courae of the imstal>ie wateis He may find tlior<e who to-day .-ee fiad'ty ami progress only in union, to-monow r<Hdy to q'.ariel with rheir nortiest iieifiibois or g<'t u| a strife o' races — thost; who io(ia\ ari' anr.cxulion- ists, to-morrow clamorii g f'oi' .tn American war— those who now would orcck every link of con- nection wiiii the mothfi-country, lo-ni'Miow leaity to submit to oi welcome a despotism. N\i one who has lived long in this countr\ is with- out such exp^'rienoe.s, antl when we tliink ol them mill at the 8nme time ol the Itvtal tllVcts ol such Aimileri gus's of public opinion in the case of ether countries, we shall be thankful iliHt wo have been prevented from yielding to these im- pul-ts, aid shall lie d'tiposeti ti> euvioavor to ex- eici.se a sound and cal.u judgment iu such, mat- ;ers m the future. Om tiie precise position of the educated mm, w.th rigaiu to these shifting phases tt our poli- tiial lite, 1 wou!'l not uarr in venture into deuuis. I ina> , however, .^tate two resulis o( some thought uu thi.- sui'ject. Ono is, that we ahould strise 'o ot. tribute .soinetliijig in form na rapidly an possibl.', a inily pnIightP''o'f| public <ipinion, a.*< distin((uish>Mi ('r<>n inc-ely local, pergonal, race and cla."** |)rcjudic«'8 and uitcresirt. Just as tht engii iMir, in every cnvv{\ which the surface ol the jounlry obliges him to thke, turtii as rapidly asi he cmi back to lii» ftmight line leading to the point fie has to rcadi, '-o dhoulil the true lover of hie country make the moral aiul mental piogross of the jieojile as .i wl ole. his line of direct (Ml. It may often seem the Ic.hs di'ect way, i>ui it is the oidy one that can 0>3 truly succe-^sfiil. The second Is, that iu our pre- pcnl siHge we should keep constantly in view tliti link^ of connectiori which bind us to the gtiut Briti-^b Enipire, ami atrengtheii tl em as lar a?j may be in our power. It is no small thing to ita members of an orgitnieation the most staoie and powerl... ill the world, and, at tlic same tune, tliat which allows trie greatest auniirit <.ii litiettv. Iiidepen'iently of nil national prejudices, or patri- otic feehngB, or differoiice of origin, we cannot bv' too thankful lb' tfie [irivi eges we thus enjoy ; aiid if we ran desire anything Inrther in ihis respect, it seems to me that it should be sought, in eudeavtiunng more complet>'ly and closely ti> unite all the mt tubers of the Empire in one gieat coloi;:iil ,uid imperial council, having its .-eat hi the m,; ri*polis ol th( Empire, and binding to- gather hU its Pcaitered parts iu closer union with one another, and with our common head. Hut liu<tly I would direct yo'ir attenrion to th,j duties (il the educated tuan in his teLtion to his (.ind, and to the ex.miple that he set'- betore his lellow-man. The religious life of a people is ltd oijly true lite. If this ip wanting, or if it is viti- .ited t<y infidelitv, by superstition, or by any of the idolatries wliich are «et up between man and hi.s Milker, nothing will avail to gi\e firo.-'- perity and happiness. On till- grcht matter it i.s the part of the edii- chie 1 rniiii, if .)) inv man, to exerci.se an inde- pendent judgmi'iit. Himestly, solemuly, and as ill a matter uf lU'ir'! concern than any of the pa.^sing things of earth, he must Sft himself to form fixed and cerfaia < pinions, which conuiienij themselves to Jiisuwu calm judgmeif and con- science, and which h" can vindicate f)efoie others, on hia own uiomI relations' to the Supieiue Judge ol all, and on the way which He has fixed tor attaiumg r<i n-ippiness and !;eaven. The man. who ha-i not ti-oaght of these things, i,s not nii educal. i man in the higheet sense, because he is not t oicflted lor eternity, and be(!au.se tiiiling thus, he lack-i the greate-u, and nuhlest motive lor good — the lo\e of liis (iod as a rcconoile'l father, and the lovo ol his brother man. The rude and ignorant unbeliever, lU- '.he de graded votary of an habitual superbtition, \< tfimpiy an obj.-ct of pity. The educated man who pretends to doubt that which ho ha.s m^t humbly ai d carefully studied, or who is content I'lmdlt to follow others, wheic (iod has [ilaccd the truth l)elo-'e his owti mii.<l, •'carcely dc^ervv:- ir pity. I do not speak hero of th<' mere ;^i rsiiulist. I' there is any y^ung man so vile, .-o unwtuiliy cf bis high calling, a-^ to devote hiiii.selt to viciou< pleaHUK.'S, to waste the !]o*^er c>i his youth and the piiriiu of h'.s life iu sinlul indulgences, he is not to be reckono} as tt\Ay edi'OttfnJ, hut onl}' is one whi> has tioililt'U fliifpodrl v;!i(lerhis ket, and who UiuiH to tt'nr the Jioarts of th'i.x*' wl'O ha»e sought ill THtii to eTii.ch him. I Hpt^aW i ot, o< ruch >i itmri, l>ia of thoi-f' n ho, hoNVcvtr liijjh Uifir stHtulanl of conventional morality, yot f«il sliorr, oCtbc hij.licp' fiyle of Viiriiiii'ify, thnt df tho truly rlirJHtiiui nod <1oii-ft);iriiig iiiun. Hi thie i-)mr- AvAer are i^unnuod up nil tho love uiitj purity, aU th(; polI'Jeniitl find < arnt'Hl t»x<iU'->n, -ill the Crt?tv fijl thought and .-ouiuiiudgmem, all tho ci.ituro of our lilghebttiidowjtieiitH, which [ a«k of our ftiutatcJ young intvo, ami wlikh. if ilu;v Wvro thi.' (onnuon pojiea'^ion ol u!l Uio jouof^ in«M> o{ British Aujorjcik, w-aiM bo to us* iho siirest j'ua'- ante*.' of Ooil's blt^-'i-m^' of our owr hignoat .-.uc- rcjis, and oi'il\« luMut gre.uiue.-)B uf uur btloviid tountrj, ♦■•'»-' .rtrt;- tuio our *v.ro m (>{