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( THREK DEPARTMENTS: 1. MISSION' ■*. 2. EDUCATIONAL. 3. CHURCH EDIFICE. PRESIDENT.— Hon. E. NELSON 15LAKE, Mass. VICE-PRESIDENTS.- I '.'• ^- ^^Ff'.Vvrr^'.-^'^"";, ) K. M. VAN DUZEK, Esq.. Minn. TREAS.— J. GREENWOOD SNELLING, Esq., N. V, AUDITORS.- W,V;\^1'|V^''i?*^A^4m'",?PA ^r ^'- v v (CHARLES B. CANHELD, Esq., N. Y. COR. SECRETARY.— Rev. THOMAS J. MORGAN, N. Y. ASSISTANT COR. SEC— Rkv. ALEX. TURNHULL, N Y. FIELD SECRETARY.— H. L. MOREHOUSE, D.D., N. Y. REC. SECRETARY.- A. S. HORART, D.D. N. Y. CHAIRMAN OF THK K.XKCUTIVK BOARD, ] T. HISCOX, D. D. In charge of Church EJifice Work, Supennlcndent of Education, SKCRETARY OK HOARD. PARKER C. l'AL>n;K. . D. W. PERKINS, Esq. M. MacVICAR, LL.D., N. Y. GENERAL SUPERINTENDENTS OF MISSIONS. MUsiRBlppI DivlBlon.— III., Wis., Minn., N. D., S. D., Iowa.— Rev. W. M. Haigh, D.D., m Wabash Avenue, Chicago, III. Rooky Mountain DIvIhIoii.— Neb., Ks., Ok., Wy., Col., N. Mex., Aril., Utah, Cal.— Rev. H. C. \Vo->1., D. D. , Colorado Springs, Col. The French in N. K.— Rev. J. N. Williams. 615 Broad St., Providence, K.I. The OernianH.— Rev. G. A. Schultc, 320}^ Webster Street, Jersey City Heights, N. J. Tlie Vliineae. — Oea. H. F. N'orris, loii Mason St, San Francisco, Cal. DISTRICT SECRETARIES. 1. N. E. Uiatriot.— Me., N. H., Vt., Mass., R. I., Ct.— Rev. F. T. Hazlewood, D U., 2A Beacon St . Boston, Mass. a. N. Y. District.— N. Y. and Northern N J — Rev. Halsey Moore, D U., Temple Court, New York City. 3. PhilatielphinDiiitrict.— Southern N.J. , Pa., Del and D. C— E. B. Palmer, D.U , 1420 Chestnut Stieet, Philadelphia, Pa. 4. Lalie Ulatrict Mich, and Ohio. Rev. E. H. E Jameson, D.D., loC Smith Ave., Detroit, Mich. 6. Wabaiih Uistrict.— Ind. and South III.— Kev. Dwight Spencer, Lock Box 106, Indianapolis, Ind. 6. ChioHgo UlHtrlct.- N. III. and Wis.— Rev. W. M. Haigh, D.U., 122 Wabash Ave., Chicago, III. 7. Kefl KiverUlHtrirt.— Minn., N, D. and S. D.— Rev. T. R. Peters, 1406 7th Ave., N.. Minneapolis. 8. MiHHouri Kiver DiNtrict.— Iowa, Nebr. and Ks.— Rev. N. U. Rairden, Washington, Iowa. GENERAL MISSI9NARIES. W. Virginia.— Rev. W. E. Powell, 916 Swan St , Parkcr»burg. Wisconsin. — Rev. D. E. Halteman, D.D., Delavan. Minnesota. — Iowa. — North Dakota —Kev. C. H. Holdcn Fargo. South Dakota.— Kev. T. M. Shanalelt. D.U., Huron. Nebraska. — Rev. J.J. Keeler, Central City. Kansas.— Kev. I. D. Newell, Manhattan. Northern Indian Ter. — Rev. A. J. Essex, Muscogee. Southern Indian Ter. — Rev. J. S. Murrow, Atoka. Oklahoma Territory. — Rev. L. J. IJyke, Oklahoma City. Montana.— Rev. L. G. Clark, Helena. Wyoming. — Kev. T. T. Howd, Sncridan. Colo -ado and New Mexico.— Rev. Geo. P. Wright, Denver. Washington.— Rev. D. D. Proper, isij Washington St., Se.itlle. Oregon — Northern California. — Rev. W. H. Latourette, Oakland. S. Cal. and Arizona — Rev. W. W. Tinker, Los Angeles. Central Mexico — Kev. W. H. Sloan, Calle Norte 10, Num. 515. City of Mexico. Northern Mexico. — Rtv. 'Ihoiiia?, .M. Wcstrup, Monterey. GENERAL MISSIONARIES (Colored). Arkansas. — Rev. J. H. Hoke, Little Rock. Florida. — Rev. W. A. Wilkerson, Flemington. Kansas. — Kev. W, L. Grant, Lawrence. Kentucky. — Rev. P. H. Kennedy, Henderson. Louisiana.— Rev. H. II. N. Brown, \Ie.vandria. Missouri. — Rev. H. N. Houcy, Springh-.ld. North Carolina. — Rev. A. It. Vincent, ;\.ileigh. Oklahoma Territory.— I^ev. W. K. Boone, Lincoln. South Carolina.— Rev. E. R. Roberts, Florence. Tennessee. — Rev. W. H. C. Siokes, C(ivin:.;ton. Texas —Rev. A. R. Griggs, 328 Hull Street, Dallas. West Virginia. LEGACIES. Fonn of Bequest to the Society. — " I give and bequeath to the American Baptist Home Missio ^toie., . Tormed in New York in the year eighteen hundred and thirty-two, the sum of for the general purposes uf said Sociclj." \ ~^ He »«?»•// careful tit comply with the reqiiir'tueiitii of the law itt itiaki; g your will, A ItKTTKIt WAY, The Society will receive your money now, giving a bond u the pay;iient to you 0; an annuity during life, if you so desire it. I5P Coiiiniiiiiications rclniing to the worh and general affairs of the Society, shoiitd Ic ni/iiresseci to Rev. I'. J Morgan, Corresponding Secretary. J^*^ In the transmission of funds, nil Checks, Drafts and Post Offiie Orders s/iould tie iiind' pnyal'lc to Hie order of the ''American Haptlst Home :Mt«j.3 THE FRENCH CANADIAN IN QUEBEC AND NEW ENGLAND. Contrasted Civilizations. Two ilissimihir currents of civilization liavf contended, are contcndinij: tor mastery on this continent. I iiavc stood on tlic soil first pre>scil by representatives of these civ- ilizations— at Plymouth, wliere the Protest- ant Piltrrims Kinded in 1620 ; at Tadousac, l)V the junction of the broad St. L.iwrcuce and the j^rand Sa).juenay, where the Catholic Cartier landed in 1534, and at Quebec, occu- pied by Champlain in 1608. Here was to be founded a "New England" — there a "New France," New England is a glorious real- ity ; New France still a dream. Note the contrasts in spirit, method and results. Cartier's first act was to plant the cross with the French coat of arms affixed and dedicate the soil to St. Anne — the patron saint of Canada. The Pilgrims' first act was to kneel l)eneath the blue and dedicate this land to Christ and His truth. At Plymouth, the most precious thing is the Pilgrim's well- worn Bible ; at Tj'dousac, in the little old Jesuit cliaj)cl, the most precious thing is a small doll presented in 1747 by Louis XV., and marked: "The Infant Jesus." On the hill at Plymouth is the majestic figure of Faith, buttressed by statues of Law, Liberty, Educa- tion and Morality ; on what was a part of the Plains of Abraham at Quebec, is a recently erected Jesuit statue of Loyola, trampling underfoot a prostrate figure with a book in his hand. Here, the evolution of a new or- der ot things — there, for two hundred and fifty years, adherence to the old order ; heie,__siilendor — there, the shadows of Med- ia'valism ; here, separation of Church and State — there, the State for the Church ; here, freedoir, of thought and of conscience — there, repression, with mental and s])iritual servitude : here, democracy --there, clerical absolutism ; here, all mechanism for the pro- duction of the highest type of the individual man— there, man mercilessly ground up for the machine ; here, in 1638, a printing press whose first issue was a pamphlet on the Free Man — there, no printing press until 1764, or 156 y^ars after the founding of Quebec ; hero, at the time of the Revolu- tion, illiteracy the exception — there, illiteracy the rule ; here, an open Ifible — there, the Bible bound and burned to-day by jiriestly hands ; here, the doctrine of justification by faith— there, the reproduction of the "Santa Scala " of Rome, which Luther left as the light broke into his soul ; here, Christ ex- alted — there, the adoration of saints and holy bones and stones ; here, an indepen- dent nation — there, the " old man of the sea" on the neck of Quebec; the one a magnet attracting the world to itself — the other, repellant and shunned by the world's best blood ; the one a mighty current that has nourished the noblest characters, that has been as the water of life to the civilized world — the other, a sluggish, slimy stream, that has fructified nothing and given to mankind nothing noteworthy ; the one a civilization where Protestant principles are regnant — the other, a civilization where mediaeval Romai^ism is rampant ; the one a i. Mper — die other, a hindrance to Gospel truth, to the finest type of Christian man- hood, to the establishment of Christ's spir- itual kingdom on earth. Against the abhor- rent forces of this Romish civilization we are contending, especially in New England — the old spirit of Rome, masked, but essen- tially unchanged. H. L. M. »«» The French Canadian at Home. His home is chiefly in the province of Quebec, of which Voltaire contemptuously said in 1763, after its cession to England : " Only a few fiiousaiid acres of snow I" Superabundant snow, indeed, in winter; but in summer a hind that compares favorably with the northe-.-. regions of New England. The region south of the St. Lawrence, about fifty by one hundred and fifty miles, between Montreal and the boundary of the United States, is very fertile, as also some sections north of the river. Below Quebec the soil is poorer. Her great pine forests have been a source of wealth. I THE HOME MISSION MONTHLY. To one from the United Stales, accustomed to spacious yards uik! i>road farms and ro- inpf (lirtctly fnini tlic tidy, tiirifty, tasteful liomt s and tiirins and villages of New Kng- liind, Cana«liaii scenes present painful con- trasts. The rural resiik'iice is usually a small one-story l)uildinj,', sometimes white- wfislu (1, perhaps a dormer window or two in the ^jarret ; standint; liieak and hare to every wind that hlows. Seldom is a shruh or tree to he seen about the liarreii hduse. Between Montreal and the States there is some improvement in tiicse respects. The journey from Quebec to Riviere du Loup, one luindrcd and twenty miles below, and from Quebec to Montreal, about the same distance al)ove,toyether with side excursions, enabled me to see the general character and condition of the best part of tlie province. The farm-houses are studded along the Inghways like beads on a string. Farms generally iiave a frontage of about sixteen or twenty rods on tlie road and run back like ribbons, often iwo or three miles. This has resulted from subdivisions of estates for tiie children. Neighbors are within easy call and the social tastes of the people arc met. Tic village residence, ordinarily, is nearly on a line with the street and aiiytliing but attractive. In the country, you n>ay sec women in the fields, binding and loaduig the grai.i and doing other manual h.bor. In Quebec I saw about 7,000 people by electric light as they listened to t!ie marine band of the warsliip " Blake," and witnessed also the " Labor Day " parade. They were orui-rly, fairly well dressed, but in this respect as well as in their general appearance they com- pared unfavorably with what is seen here on similar occasions. Large FaniiUeH. Advocates of the Maltliusian theory may find food for reflection in these French families. Such families ! The ordinary family numbers from seven to twelve chil- dren. One of the Society's missionaries in New England, who was born in Canada, is the seventeenth ciiild and liierc are ninety- one living descendants of his grandfather's household. At Maskinongc 1 met a man who has twenty-one brodiers and sisters, and learned of three married sisters who were the mothers of sixty-three children. This prolific race is largely outpopulating the English, so that it is no empty l)oast of the priesthood that in another generation they will be a vast host to control not only Can- ada but portions of New Englanil also. And to maln. The French Canadians also absorb people of other nationalities and so make relative gains in population throughout the larger part of the province. For instance : A Scotch regiment was disbanded near Que- bec, after the war of 1812. The men, most of whotTi remained in the province, married gener'ally French women, for other's were ra'-e. Their children were French in lan- guage, tastes and sympathies ; their scru- pulous mother's under priestly intUience had them christened and confirmed as mem- ber's of the Roman Catholic Church and so the distinctive Scotch and Protestant element totally disappear'cd — except in name. This explains why it is that many French Cana- dians have English, Scotch, Irish ami Ger- man names. Intermarriage between French Catholics and others is discountenanced, but when it occurs every effort is put forth to keep the offspring French and Catholic. TUE HOME MISSION MONTULi. rol not only Can- Ulaml iilsii. And >r worse, aiH onl- H' (jlK'lilC I-t'ijis- actually vottd a ts of tlu' ptililic liiitcin cl'ililnn. UCl'llHIlt to the or a reward ot tear. OKI haclic- l)elow par in llit* 130 years there from France to French Canmlian ion to tlie L'niled . an increase ot )oj)nlation of tiie ars prior to 1891, 3f Larciy one i)er nic period. Tlie ccordiniuf to the , of whom 1,291,- The total popu- ahoiit live mil- the dectd was •ere added to the m ; 6,118 to the he Presbyterians; ;r denominations , some a loss. Is thily said : " The ■ the English race im, is aveny;ed by Montcalm." Iso absorb people so make relative i}.;;hoiit the larger "or instance ; A )anded near Qne- Thc men, most [province, married , for others were •c French in lan- diies ; their scrii- priestly influence onfirmed as niem- lic Church and so Protestant element )t in name. This any French Cana- ;ch, Irish and Ger- [je between French countenanced, but fort is put forth to I and Catholic. This proce.ss of al)sorption is slill K«)intr on. Hi'tiee, there is nearly complete soli- darity of the Frentli element in many |)laces. The tew ICn).(lish people in s.icli a com- munity, tiu'ling their surroinidings uncon- genial, unwillinij lobrini; up their families in lliese communities >vhere only French is spoken and where they have no religious uni educational ail vantages, still out to a French purchaser. Lands that for more than ii century were lield in free linglish tenure are now t'lled by French Canadian farmers who jjay their tithes tt) the Church of Rome. Inasmuch, therefore, as Quebec seems secure for Rome, the ecclesiastic.-* are not so averse as formerly to Canadian emi- gration to New Englanil where the church may acquire power without jeopardizing her interests in Canada. New France. Elsewhere I have spoken of the vision of "New France" that floated before the French colonists two huiulred and fifty years ago. The dream is not yet ilispelled. Systematic and strenuous efVorts are made to keep French Can idians compact, in their language, their nationality, their religio.i. After a century and a quarter of British rule there are jjopulous regions where the Eng- lish language is never spoken. What a mis- lake that Engkunl did not, at first, require iiiMiuction in English throughout tlie Do- minion ! There is a lesson here ic ■ the people of the United States. The numerous organizations known as The St. iean Ba;j- tiste Societies, have as their object the unifi- cation and consolidation of the French speaking people in America. Tlie open avowal is made that "New France's nussion ot civilization should advance as of old by an alliance for mutual iirotection between religion and the State." Men intensely in earnest are working in this direction. CatiMitlaii Loyalty. How dc'js all this affect the loyalty of French Canadian Catholics to Great Britain ? Ex-Premier Mercier, in fulsome terms on public occasions has proclaimed the fervent loyalty of Her Majesty': 1 French Canadian subjects. But they have denounced him as a fawning sycophant. The truth is, that in the depths of his soul the French Canadian does not love the English, because they are English and Protestants. With traditional politeness he may say to England: "My lather," biding the moment when he can thrust the tla),'ger under the filth rtl>, and take iio-^session ot what he- wants. The loy- alty of French Catiiidiaii Catholics is about in this order: First, to the Church ; second, to their own nationality for the sake of the Church ; third, to the Dominion as a valua- ble piece of civil mechanism for the Church ; fourth, to Great Britain itself for thi' shadowy memory of past favors and for protection in the enjoyment thereof. A gentleman of Quebec who has especial opportunities of knowing whereof he af- firms, says : "The fact is, here the battle is lost politically. Quebec is no longer British but ultramontime French." Pure, deep, disinterested patriotism for Great Britain is a rare article in the breast of a French Canadian Catholic. I know these are strong assertions, but those who under- stand the inside of things will affirm their truthfulness. Love for the French tri-color immeasurably surpasses that fi-r the British flag. In the "Labor Day" decorations of Quebec, 1 saw from Uiree to five French flags for every British banner flung to the breeze. The most influential Englishman in the intensely French city of Sorel told me that on a recent Dominion holiday the French flag was universally displayed and that it required a resolute effort on his unrt to prevent it being hoisted on the (.uurt house and post of'ice, instead of t'le British flag. Have these tilings no significance ? And have all these things no lessons for Protestants in the United States, who are so often bewitched and befooled by the olea- ginous utterances of professedly liberal Roman Catholic dignitaries? A FoSHllized ClvilizHtion. Naturally enoug! , a people thus hemmed in, corralled by the clergy, breeding in- and-in, with little cross fertilization, have become exceedingly narrow and conserva- tive. Careful observers have remarked that "Quebec is thoroughly French — not modern French, but French of the 17th century. The Frenchman remains essentially an old- world l)roduct." Centuries of life in America, tliOugh modifying his manners and condi- dons, have not essentially changed the old Normandy French type. He doesn't take eai?ily to new-fangled notions in agriculture, business or reHgion. It was only through tremendous effort that Mr. Ayer, of Mon- treal, indaced the farmers in the splendid pastoral regions below, to turn their atten- TUE HOME MISSION MONTH LI. tion to butter .•uul cheese inakinjj iiistcnd of goiny on in the sim|>Ie manner of old. The priests fhemselvts foiipht tliis innovation because they hared that their tithes from grain would i)C iesseneil with tl)e develop- ment of this industry, though now tliey ap- prove, l)ecause tlie people have more ready money than formerly. The attempt of an order of monks to es- tabiisii a model agricultural colony with im- proved mediods, as well as similar eiforls on the part of tlie government, have met with little success. Hence, too, in great business enterprises the Englishman outstrips his French neigh- bor. True, by the withdrawal from the city of Quebec of some English establishments, their business has fallen into French iiands. The people, compelled to work hard for a bare livelihood, to be frugal, and trained by the church in the spirit of obedience, usually make good and contented em- ployees. Among them, however, are not a few men of marked ability in all the professions. Indeed, I heard from Englishmen the re- mark that the ablest i7ian in Canada to-day is a Frenchman. There are colleges and universities, as Laval University, well equipped and with learneil faculties. Girls of the best families attend the convent schools in large numbers. Among the French Protestants are men of culture and power. Politieal Corruption. Political virtue and veracity are not shin- ing characteristics of the average French Canadian. That many good men and true are found, no one will deny. But the extent to which constitutional obliquity of state- merit rrevails is freely commented upon in the Dominion. And as to politics, these are tbe wo/ds of a careful writer in MacMillan's Magazine for May, 1893: "Every one you meet, without exception.will say that elecdons can be safely carried in no other way than by bribery. No veil that any Englishman could weave would cover the corruption of a Canadian election in 1892. To measure the country's morality by its politics would be monstrous." Sagacious observers affirm that if French Canada were to be annexed to the United States, and the people natural- ized in a lump, it would demoralize Ameri- can politics — which is saymg a great deal. Hiipwnttltloii*. The people generally are very religious, acconling to their conceptions of religion. French infidelity has filtered iiitt) Canada but little. Even the bloated and blear eyed passenger near you on the cars, mumbles his prayers to the virgin, at the ap|)ointed hour. Superstition and veneration of sacred things are almost unbounded. Sacred charms are bought and worn to avert sickness, adversity and all manner of mis- fortune, including perils to the faith frou) contact with IVotestants in the Unitfd States. Perhaps the Church of St. Anne de Heau- pre, seventeen miles below Qnebec, is the great centre of credulity ami superstition. At the Ursuline convent in Quebec they claim to have a piece of the holy cross and a thorn from the crown which in mockery was put ui)on the head of Jesus I Hut here is the wonder-working relic of all — a piece, or pieces of a bone of St. Anne, the reputed mother of the Virgin Mary. Long ago, at Auray in Brittany, France, the marvelous virtues of her bones were discovered. Here at Beaupre, a little village, the church was endowei' with a piece of the saint's finger in 1668 ; another relic being adeled about forty years ago ; another piece of bone about four years ago, and yet other relics, one of which enclosed in glass which the devout worshippers are continually kissing is de- scribed as a piece of stone from the cham- ber in which the Virgin Mary was born. Thousands visit this shrine of St. Anne. The papers stated that 3,500 went therefrom Quebec the Sunday before my arrival. Two or three times this number is not uncommon. CaHtuwajr CrutcheM. As we enter the large church, on either side are eleven tiers of canes, crutches, etc., the lower tier within a ring about four feet in diameter, the upper tier about two feet in diameter, die height of all about forty feet. Here are about a thousand discarded appli- ances for the lame and the infirm who were healed, as they tell us, by this bone of St. Anne. We look for this bone. Here it is, within the altar rail, under a gilt, gothic canopy, beneath which and rising from the base is a gilded forearm with upstretched hand, and in a rectangular aperture in the wrist, enclosed on both sides with glass, is suspended this little piece of the wonderful bone— dead bone which is supposed to pos- sess life-giving power ! PL' very rolitjioiiH, )ti<)iis of relii,'ioii. red into Canada .•(1 and l)lcar t-yed i- cars, muniML's at tilt' appointeil ncrationof sacred Diindcd. Sacicil worn to avert manner of mia* to tlu- taitli from the Unitrd States. Anne de Heau- i\v (2uel)ec, is the iind superstition. in Quebec they lie iioly cross and I'iu'ch in mockery Jesus ! lUit iiere ic of all — a piece, Anne, the reputed ry. Loni^ ajLjo, at :e, tlie marvelous discovered. Here :•, the church was he saint's fintjcr in added ahout forty e of hone about ther relics, one of which the devout illy kissini^ is de- c from the chani- Mary was l)orn. fine of St. Anne. 00 went therefrom ; my arrival. Two is not uncommon. oIieM. church, on either nes, crutches, etc., ig about four feet r about two feet in 1 about forty feet, id discarded appli- e infirm who were y this bone of St. bone. Here it is, der a gilt, gothic id rising from tiie I with upstretched ar aperture in the sides with glass, is ; of the wonderful s supposed to pos- THE HOME MrssrON MONTHLY. Wonlilp otnt. Ann*. As we po out and pa.«s around to the north side of the church we observe in the walls six large stone panels with \ I!ny;laiiil takinj; placf in 1760, on the Plains tit Aiiraiiani. The tornial ttssion was \>\ tlic Treaty of Paris, in 1763. Tlie French liad tli<' lead in Canada ahont 226 years prior to 1760, lliou)L;h their actual occupation was only about 128 year?. An Iin|iorlHiit K|iim li. Till' Treaty ot I'aris marks an important ejKicli in the history of the Koman Catholic Church in Canaila. Prior to that the church hud enjoyed all the immunities, priviie^^es and powers of the church in France. The hierarchy were quick to secure these thinifs to till' church under its new Protestant mas- It r. By till 27th article of capitul.ition, in I75(), (Ireat Hritai (.-nuited the free ex- ercise ot the Romish reli),non ; the obli^^'a- tion of payinfj tithes to the priest to depend ujiou the pii-asure of the kinp, who never interfered in the matter. A representative ol the church was sent to London to see that l>y the Treaty of Paris this stipulation should he confirmed. Success attended the elf'ort. But this was not enouj^di. In 1773 echoes of the nnitterings of discontent in the lower colonies were heard in Canada, and not knowing whereunto this thing would grow, api)reliensive also of future trouble from the thriving Protestant colonii's, the hier- archy muile assurance doubly sure by get- ling through the British Parliament, in 1774, " The Quebec .Act," whereby the old French laws, including the custom of Paris, the royal edicts and those of the colonial in- tentlants under the French regime were de- clared binding in relation to all property and civil rights, though the criminal law was superseded by that of Englanil with its trial by jury. The Seignories, wilii their feudal rights and immunities were also perpet- uated. Thus Rome got entrenched behind unassailable civil bulwarks in the Province of Quebec. King George and his advisers, seeing the storm that was brewing in the American colonies, evidently deemed it good policy to strengthen England's hold on her Canadian possessions by securing the interested support of the dominant and dominating powerH of the Komi^h Cliurcli. Bell, the historian, nayH : "The BritiHJi gov- eminent deferred until 1774 yiilding the points at issue, and it may be said that the revolulion which sa\t'ortion of this it is eslimaied that the church receives $300,000 annually. Originally the church receiveil, as tithes, every thirteenth bushel of grain harvested by its members. But about twenty years ago this was reduced to one bushel in twen- ty-six. The collection of this is enforceable by law, though it is rarely doiu', the people having been disciplined thoroughly in the matter. From this source an estimated revenue ot $700,000 annually is received, the most of which goes for salaries of local priests. The Bislio|» now has power to de- termine the location, character and cost ot church I'dilices, and to assess the expense thereof upon the real estate of the parish- ioners, the assessment becoming a lien like a mortgage, enforceable by law. This power is used mercilessly by bishops and priests ambitious to have fine houses of worship. The splendid stone structure, highly decorated within, towering above the small, cheap, insignificant houses and stores of the ortlinary Canadian village, and which is worth all of them put together, is a strik- ing comment upon tiie use of this power by the Romish hierarchy. For the erection and maintenance of church edifices al)Out $2,000,000 arc obtained annually. Gifts and legacies— prelates are on the alert for the latter— $3,000,000 ; fees for masses, funerals, etc., $2,000,000, making the annual revenues of the Romish Church in Canada $8,000,000. The property holdings of the Cliurch, aside from lands already mentioned, are valued at $61,210,000, consisting chiefly of 900 church edifices, 900 i>arsonagcP, 12 scm- ic KoiiiiHli Churc'l). "Tlu' UriliHli )4o\ - 1774 \i«l(lmj; tlif . Ill' s;iiil that tiic lif tily by bisho|)S and \'e fine houses of J stone structure, towcrinf,-- above the t houses and stores village, and which oirether, is a strik- se of this power by For the erection rch edifices about nnually. Gifts and 1 the alert for the r masses, funerals, le annual revenues Canada $8,000,000. s of the riuirch, ly mentioned, are nsistin;,'^ chiefly of larsonagcp, 12 sem- THH home MJHiSlON MONTULY. 9 JnaricM, 17 claMical coIIckci", 359 Imardinn Hclioojfi and ar.idemies, 68 hospit.ds. riHy- lutiiB, orphaiiai^C!*. etc. IndeeJ, a recent writer in the Forum exthnatcH the income of tlie church at $12,000000 and valu.itiotJ of church pro|)erty $120,000,000. Tln.'so are large figures for a ct)mpara- tively «mall populnlion. Kome's stronghold is the I'rovince ol (^utbec, in which »he claims nbout 1,200,000 out of a population of about 1,400,000. Alioiit 70 per cent, of liie Koman Catholic population of the Do- minion is in Lower C.-m.-ida, where they are iie.irly «5 per cent, of the entirj- popul.ilion. 'i'hose who do not avow themselves ;is I'ro- tcst.uits must help foot many of thi- bills of the Romish Ciuirch. A Money. ItlakliiK M<>rlinnl«m. Tlie Rom.in Catholic Ciiurch is a great money-making mechanism, grinding its enormous annual grist out of a comp.ira- tively poor people under the pressure of civil and ecclesiastical penalties. " Notinng but money and all for money— that is its m;txim,".says Doiitre, of Romish clericalism. Celibate "lathers" dwell in spacious and eligant resirotest;uit people and institutions of the United States she has no real sympathy. Here it will be i)ertinent to give An Interesting Jilt of UUtory that is iiot generally known. Why did Can- ada refuse to make common cause with the other American colonies in achieving itulo- |)endeiice of Hritish rule ? It would natur» ally be supposed th.it the antagonistic Frencli spirit, still smarting over recent de- feat, would have been realil It Meiiii ? idenlial? In what way ? ic may so interpret it in ; church, because it has imost absolute control of e been consolidated for d not have been under lightened mstitutions of How shall it be inter- estant point of view ? We it insuperable difficulties by the framers ot the ifting an instrument that ivergent views even ot a )geneous people, and how •t failure they came. Who t if Canada had come into liculties would have been 5sions ending in coidusion (•mething radically differ- me document which con- ition of this nadori's great- I A StriklnK CoiitruHt. Moreover, Quebec, under clerical domi- nation for the past two hundred and fifty years, presents to the world a pitiable spec- tacle, an impressive object lesson of what a people may tio/ become under Rom- ish sway, as compared with the mag- nificent illustration in the United States of what a people may become under free and befieticent laws and institutions. And was it not needful, also, to the best results that New England particularly, Canada's near neighbor, should be left unmolested by a people of radically dissimilar tastes, opin- ions and theories of government, and an un- assimilating element, to work out the granil results which have made its name lustrous? May we not see the hantl of Providence in these things? At Plymouth Rock and Jamestown two kindred currents of civiliza- tion began, at length blending into one that has been as the water of life to the civil world. At Tadousac, later and almost si- multaneously with the foregoing events, at Quebec, started a difierent current, which has fructitied nothing nor givento the world anything notewordiy. In the broad aspects of the case, was it not for the best that Roman Cadiolicism obstructed the movL- nient for union with the colonies from 1774 to 1776 ? For similar reasons the French clergy took the part of England in the War of 1812 ; gave no support to the leaders of the rebellion who in 1837 aimed to secure Can- ada's independence, and wiio to-day in Que- bec, as Goldwin Smith affirms, are hostile to annexation to the United States. He says: "The force adverse to vmion has been the priesthood, which wished to keep Quebec to itself, looking on American lib- eralism as dangerous both to souls and to tithes." There has been very little emigra- tion from France to Canada since 1660, so that Quebec, at the close of the nineteenth century, under unprogressive Romish rule, is essentially, with some modifications, Ro- man Catholic mediiEvalism —an anachron- ism in our American civilization. What of Aiiiitxiitlon? The Catholic Church doesn't want it. Neither do we want it with that Church and its prerogati\ js in the province. The Dem- ocratic party in 1854 were stoudy opposed to any scheme of annexation, lest the North should gain prejionderating influence in Congress for the destruction of slavery. Slavery in the United States has gone. The next great act of emancipation is that which shall free from mental and religious servi- tude the people of Quebec, and so open to them a new and nobler future. Then no- body will object to union. The JesiiitM In Caiiiula. The Jesuits who first came to Quebec in 1624 have been active in Church and State in Canada. A few years ago, by under- handed measures, they secured an act ot iii- corporadon for their order, since which ;v.*:.V Ig.natius Loyola Crushing out the I'hotestant Reformation. their activity and boldness have surprised Canadir I' themselves. Their influence has securer stronger legislation in favor of the the Catholic Church, but notoriously the passage of a bill to pay $400,000 out oi the public treasury, for the benefit of the order and of the Church, on the pretext of rectif\- ing a wrong said to have been done to the society by the sovereign of England more than a century ago. A recent act, which was exciting much attention during my visit to the province, was the erection by the Jesuits ot a statue of Loyola in front of the " Jesuit's ■H w I 19 TBE HOME MISSION MONTHLY. ( Retreat," in the finest suburb of Quebec. As the existence of sucii a statue liad been denied l)y a member of Parliament, I made search for it and found it. The accompanyinjj p cture, from 77/e Cana- dian Baplist is a good representation of it. The base is about ten feet iiigli and the statue about eight feet. Loyola is repre- sented as a conqueror crushing a prostrate figure with a most malignant and agonizing expression and holding in his right hand a book. On the panel above the base is the inscription : " Ad Loyolam Soc. Jesus Fun- dator," On liie coat-of-arms of the base and on the scroll m Loyola's left hand is the motto ol the order: "Ad majorem Dei gloriam." Without revealing my identity I interviewed one of the Jesuit brothers of the "Retreat" — a most gross, Habby-looking fellow of about two hundred pounds weight, yet very courteous. He stated, in sub- stance, that the statue is a reproduction of the celebrated statue in the Vatican at Rome, representing Loyola subduing the Spirit of evil in the world, the prostrate fig- ure signifying the spirit of evil oi' the devil, and the book signifying civil laws and doc- trines contrary to the truth of God. That, of course, means contrary to Rome's crooked interpretations of the truth. That monument, erected on American soil at the close of the nineteenth century, means a re- vival of Jesuit manipulation in American affairs and a wnw crusade for the Roman Catholic Church. That an order whose l)aleful intermeddling has repeatedly com- pelled European powers in self-defense to suppress it and banish its adherents, should now parade itself ojienly in Quebec is an evil omen for Canada. Not only was it able to secure the $400,000 against a tempest of Protestant indignation, but although lotter- ies arc unlawful in Canada, it also got a special act authorizing a lottery for educa- tional and charitable purposes in the inter- ests ol the church. Iluine'8 Old Citadel, the City of Quebec, is in her decadence. Montreal, her rival, has taken the scepter of her commercial power. Her numerous wharves, where scores of vessels formerly received and de- livered their cargoes, are deserted, falling into decay, while the undisturbed grass grows thereon. A small proportion of the population is English, besides the garrison in the frowning citadel, more than three hundred feet above the river, with the pre- cipitous cliifs on which is a tablet showing where Montgomery fell. AVIiat of ProteHtaiitlfiui In Quebec? Is it making headway against Romanism ? In the city of Quebec is a little Baptist Church, with a small house of worship on a comparatively unfrequented street. The Episcopal Church, under English patronage, has a large house of worship and the prin- cipal English congregation. A small com- pany of Methodists assemble in a large church edifice owned but unused by the Scotch Presbyterians. The Congregation- alists have no services in their moderate- sized house, which the Salvation Army oc- cupied for a time and then left. Enormous ecclesiastical and educational structures under Romis!- control make the city appear the fortress of Romanism, as its fortifica- fions are the Gibraltar of America, and so overshadow everything Protestant. In Montreal, the Metropolis of the Uutntnion, things are somewhat difterent. With the exception of one or two lines of business, the great commercial and banking institu- tions are in the hands of Protestants, who are a large and influential element in its population. Presbyterians have here their splendid McGill College. The four Baptist Churches are active and flourishing. Other denominations stand well. The Daily Wit- ness is an able, outspoken Protestant ])aper. IJAurore, the undenominational Protestant French paper is pulilished here, with a cir- culation in Canada and in the States of about 1,500. But here also, one is oppressed with a sense of the nimii)er of graml and costly buildings owned by Rome, chief of which is that uncompleted architectural abortion, the great cathedral, one-third the size and a l)artial cojjy of St. Peter's at Rome, concern- ing which Uoutre, in his stinging book, " Au Pays de Ruincs," says : "How many millions this cathedral fund has swallowed u]) nobody will ever know. It is the gulf that swallows the Catholic wetilth of Mon- treal — the inexhaustible purveyor of secret funds for the unceasing clerical struggle." French CKnadian PruteHtantg. The odds against us are fearful, and yet, numerically, not quite so great as formerly. It is commonly stated that there are from THE UOME MISSION MONTHLY. 13 ;1, more lluin tluee river, with the pre- is a tablet showinf^ tlsiu ill Quebec? ■ against Romanism ? c is a Httle Baptist onse of worsliip on a lented street. The er English patronage, orship and the prin- tion. A small com- issemblc in a large but unused by the The Congregation- is in their moderate- e Salvation Army oc- then left. Enormous lucational structures make the city appear nism, as its fortifica- r of America, and so g Protestant. tpollii of the Uuintnlon, different. With the wo lines of business, and banking institu- s of Protestants, who jential element in its ;rians have here their ge. The four Baptist nd flourishing. Other well. Tiie Daily IVif- okcn Protestant paper. Dminational Protestant ished here, with a cir- and in the States of c is oppressed with a r of grand and cosdy Rome, chief of which arcliitcctural abortion, inc-tiiird the size and a ter's at Rome, concern- in his stinging book, ;s," says ; " How numy al fund has swallowed know. It IS the gulf itholic wealth of Mon- ble purveyor of secret ing clerical struggle." liHii Prote§tBiits. js are fearful, and yet, te so great as formerly, ed that there are from i I 40,000 to 50,000 French Canatlian Protestants in Canada and the United States. This statement may be taken to mean too much. Prolxibly two-thirds of these are but nomin- ally Protestants, having so avowed them- selves, like Papineau, to escape taxation for church purposes. They are detached from Rome, but slightly attached to any Protest- ant church. Nevertheless they are our allies, hi the Province of Quebec are about fifty Protestant churches. But there is one county in the province where there are only two Protestants to 13,742 Romanists ; three counties with only four Protestants, respectively, to a Romanist population of 13,819, 16,612 and 20,451, ard some others but a little better. Against these scattered and loosely combined Protestant elements is op- posed the mighty and matchless organization of Rome. Yet it is "not by power nor by might, but by my Spirit, saith the Lord,'' that victory is achieved. In the article on "Grande Ligne Mis- sion" we have mentioned some of the influences operating within the Romish Church itself as encouraging to Christian effort for the French Canadians. The ProceHH iif I)igiiit«j;rHtioii is irresistibly going on, notwithstanding al- most frantic efforts of the clergy to consol- idate and isolate their people. Such is the condition of things that a shrewd and saga- cious man in Montreal said to me: "With a million dollars at my com maud I could quick- ly shake Romanism in Quebec to its very foundations." Tlicre is now pentling in the courts of the province a suit brought by the editor of the Cnitatia Rcvxic against the Archbishop of Montreal, for damages be- cause of a boycott ordered Ijy the arch- bishop against the pa[)er, and in September, when the case was called, the judge refui ed to entertain the request of the archbishop for a dismissal of die case on the ground that his circular was a privileged communi- cation. So the law in this case may be helpful to the Gospel. When archbishops in Quebec are arraigned, people begin to think for themselves. Hence, while Ro- manism seems a most formidal>le foe of Gospel trudi in Quebec, there is undoubted truth in the remark of one of our mission- aries there : " The Church of Rome appears to be stronger than she really is, because of the hypocrisy and unbelief of a large num- ber of her adherents." We in the United States cannot be disinterested spe( tators of the issue of things in Cantida. For what Rome is there, she would like to be here— Mistress of the Nation. H. L M. The Feller Institute, at Grande Ligne, Canada. On tlie front of the three-story stone build- ing at Grande Ligne is a tablet showing an open book ; above it, " IN.STITUT Feller ;" at the left, " 1840 ;" at the right, " 1890;" un- derneath, -Fiat Lux" — most appropriate inscription. In the midst of deep intellect- ual and spiritual darkness was Feller Insti- tute set as a luminary whose blessed rays have reached into thousands of hearts and homes. " Lei there be light !" This was die word of faith, and God has honored the utterance. Near this building still stands the little one-story house, about twenty by thirty feet, in whose garret Madame F'eller, in 1837, opened her school for the French chiUiren of the neighborhoods. In the garret were two rooms which she occupied, one as her chamber, the other, kitchen, parlor and school-room. The rest of the house was required for the owner's family, 'here, six hours daily, five days in the wee -he taught about twenty children, and at lught a Bible school for adults. The H TEH HOME MISSION MONTHLY. heat of summer makin^i^ the i^^arret insuffera- ble, the school was held in a barn until fall, when, through the aid of friends in Montreal and Northern New York a modest school buildinj^ was erected. The rebellion of 1837 caused the suspension of the school for several months. Ear'/ in 1840 Madame Feller visited the United States, going as far as Philadelphia to secure contributions for a new building. So well did she succeed that in 1880 a wing for the girl's dormitory, etc., was erected. January 31st, 1890, the original structure was destroyed by fire, tiie new wing, how- ever, being saved, liy prompt and vig( rous efforts about $20,000 were secured for the erection of the present building, which was opened October ist, 1890 This is the signifi- LOG HUT IN WHICH MADAME FRLt.BR COMMBNCED HBR WORK AT GRANUE I.IGNE, 1835. cance of the figures "1890." The main building is 70x42 ; the wing, 84 x 42. Originally Madame Feller located a school for girls at Longueuil, opposite Montreal ; and the boys' school at Grande Ligne. These separate schoo's were continued Vi'ith many vicissitudts, until 1878, when the build- ing at Longueuil was sold, the proceeds be- ing applied to the erection of the girls' wing in 1880. Since then co-education has been successfully maintained. Why was the school planted in this coun- try-place, thirty-three miles southerly from Montreal, fifteen miles from the boundary between Canada and New York ; away from any village and three-fourths of a mile from the wretcheu railroad station and the half- dozen houses about it? The place was selected because here were some of the first converts from Romanism, and here an open liouse was found. Elsewhere the priests had caused all doors to be closed against Madame Feller and her co-laborers. Startlinf; Igiiornnce. The school was a necessity irt consequence of the deplorable ignorance of the people. Think of it ! In 1776, when Franklin and others, as a Committee from the Colonial Congress, visited Canada, they found in the Province of Quebec (including Montreal and Grand Ligne), that in a population of 150,000 Roman Catholics and 360 Protestants it was a rare thing to find one who could read — perhaps one in two or three hundred. The printing press, introduced into Cambridge, Mass., in 1638, was unknown in Canada until 1764, or 126 years behind its Protestant ne'ghbor and 156 years after the French set- tlement of Canada (Garneau Hist. Can., 183, 297). When Madame Feller went to Montreal in 1835, not one in ten could read. M. Olivier, who had preceded her one year, wrote in 1834: "The people seem to me to be sadly burdened, very sensual, and their ignorance is of the most repulsive kind." What Need of the School Now ? Much, in many ways. In the Province of Quebec there is a French population of aljout 1 ,250,000. About 50,000 are nominally Protestant. This is the only Bapfist school in the Province ; our only school in the Dominion for the French population. The Presbyterians have an academy near Mon- treal, and the Methodists one also in that city ; neither, however, equal to Feller Insti- tute. The system of public school educa- tion in the Province is mainly in the hands of Roman Catholics, chiefly the hierarchy. Where there is a considerable Protestant element, as in the larger cities, there is in- deed a Board of Protestant School Commis- sioners, as well as a Board of Catholic School Commissioners, so that separate schools for Protestants and Catholics are maintained. Elsewhere, generally, Catholics control abso- lutely ; Catholic text books. Catholic teach- ers, Catholic religious instruf^tion. What now can a dozen French Protestant families widely separated in a rural community of two or three thousand French Catholics do for the education of their children ? To send them to the Catholic school means their indoctrination in the Catholic faith, or these children are ostracized, despised, taunted as heretics and subjected to many indignities. For these few and poor fami- to lie closed ajjainst r co-laborcrs. gnornn«i<>. essitv irt consequence )rancc of the people. , when Franklin and }e from the Colonial ida, they found in the eluding Montreal and population of 150,000 360 Protestants it was ne who could read — three hundred. The iced into Cambridge, nown in Canada until ehind its Protestant 3 after the French set- Garneau Hist. Can., lame Feller went to 5ne in ten could read, •eceded iier one year, jeople seem to me to ry sensual, and their st repulsive kind." le School ttoMi ? 5. In tlie Province of rench population of it 50,000 are nominally e only Baptist school r only school in the ich population. The academy near Mon- ists one also in that .equal to Feller Insti- public school educa- 3 mainly in the hands ;hierty the hierarchy, nsiderable Protestant jer cities, there is in- tant School Commis- ardof Catholic School it separate schools for )lics arc maintained. atholics control abso- looks, Catholic teach- instruf'tion. What ch Protestant families rural community of 1 French Catholics do their children? To tholic school means n the Catholic faith, ostracized, despised, id subjected to many c few and poor fami- THE HOME MISSION MONTHLY. IS lies to erect a schoolhouse and support a teacher is ordinarily an impossibility. For many, therefore, Feller Institute affords the only chance of getting an education under Protest;eiich. There are eiifre communi- ties where English is an unknown tongue. Hence, the school has a distinctive and im- portant mission which is not likely to ter- minate for ihe next hundred years. It has lately taken on new life, put itself iii'.o rela- tions with other institutions, has rooted itself in the confidence of sound minded and excellent Christian men, so that there is eveiy reason to expect for it a future ot lar greater usefulness than ever before, if only it can soon be put in possession of resources at all adequate for larger and more effective seivice, H. L. M. The Grande Ligne Mission. The mustard seed planted in Canadian soil in 1834 has become a flourishing tree in 1893. The soil was cold and hard, the solitary shoot unprotected by favoring cir- cumstances encountered many and severe blasts of opposition ; but amid all (ii.«cour- I LY. THE HOME MISSION MONTHLY. Vi school; while near by Rpvs. Mr. Roussy and rnitifj from the cemc- j, rude iwo-w'iK el chaise ;ller was arr^ustomeu to uddini^ are some arti- t were hers. Her por- ills of the Institution, without, evciythinfj is . huleed, I was sur- dniiral.le arr.mgements ing. As the visitor wjlks scs ui;on nearly every ome individual, church )ntril)uted for the fur- i. hi this icspect Brook- ir which, as well as for things, the Woman's ation of that city must re of Feller IiiHtltute? id its value tliLie can t will be more and he process r mental icipation from .Romish A^ith proper accommo- e endownment, it might d Baptist academy boUi iglish students in the ich language is spoken hroughout the Province be spoken for an indefi- ng and preaching must e are er.tire communi- s an unknown tongue, as a distinctive and im- ich is not likely to ter- hundred years. It has life, put itself in'.o rela- nsututions, has rooted ::nce of sound minded ^an men, so that there is ect for it a future of lar lan ever before, if only possession of resources irger and more effective H. L. M. Ligne Mission. 3d planted in Canadian jme a nourishing tree in as cold and hard, the otected by favoring cir- itered many and severe but amid all discour- agements the few faithful souls who planted pnd v'ared for it remained steadfast in their purpose, believmg that their labor should not be in vain in the Lord. Few missions have iiad a more romantic beginning than this, hi i8i6, at Lausanne, Switzerland, a widow at the early age of twen- ty-six, highly accomplished, endowed with rare personal graces, having an ample for- tune, and withal and above all a deep religious spirit, applies herself with her pastor and his noble wife to the establishment of a training school for missionaries to foreign lands. Among the first volunteers for such service are the pastor and his wife who select Canada as their field. Within a year, to the amazement and against the protestation of kindred and friends, this Christian widow, leaving all that wasdcar,at her own expense, departs for the same field. The Lausanne Society withdrew support from their mis- sionary because he did rot devote himself especially to work among the Intlians. Un- dismayed, he remains, teaching for a liveli- hood. Broken health compels his return about a year later, leaving this widow, with a solitary helper who accompanied her from Switzerland, to contend with extreme difli- culties in her new field. No society supports her. Among the people for whose welfare she yearns, no welcome awaits her. I>rle8tly Opposition. The power of the Roman Catholic priest- hood is arrayed against her. Vainly, first at Montreal, then at St. John's she endeavors to establish herself. Finally at Grand Ligne she finds an open door. Here in a garret she begins her mission, teaching, giving Bible readings often lasting until midnight ; living in the niost humble way without a domestic ; on Saturdays doing her cooking for the ensuing week ; visiting the sick and prescribing remedies ; writing letters for the illiterate people ; compelled to fiee to Northern New York for two months in the •■ebellion of 1837 and returning to find the premises despoiled of everything valuable ; persecuted ; threatened with violence ; but through all unshaken in her purpose to give the Gospel to the people of Lower Canada. This woman was Madame Henrietta Feller wfio came to Canada in 1835, about one year after Rev. M. Henri Olivier and wife, who re- turned in 1836. Rev. Mr. Roussy was the remaining co-laborer. Impressed with the great needs of the field, she repeatedly and with success visited several cities in the United States to awaken interest and secure contributions for neces- sary buildings and for mission work. Grande Ligne Societies were organized among the women of Boston, New York, Brooklyn, Philadelphia and elsewhere. From 1835 to her death in 1868, she was the controlling spirit of the mission. For thirty-three years this remarkable Christian woman gave her time, money, and talents entirely and ab- solutely to the work. The founder and builder of Grande Ligne Mission was Hen- rietta Feller. Worthy of high honor, also, were such loyal co-laborers, as Rev. Mr. Roussy, Theo. Latteur, L. Normandeau, as well as others ofability in more recent years. In the galaxy of names, however, none will shine with a lustre like that of Madame Feller, Clinraoter of the Mission. At the first it was an individual enterprise. Then a few persons were associated in a ROISSV ME.Mi • lAL BAPTIST CHIRCH, GKANDE LION K, P. I}. general way for this purpose. The i>ersoii- ality of the principal laborers constituted die power of the mission. For about ten years, Madame Feller was unwilling to have it placed in charge of any missionary urban- ization. Christians of various deni.miiia- tions had become interested in this, the first Protestant mission to French-Canadian Catholics. Aid had been given by the Can- ada Baptist Missionary Society and especi- ally by the Foreign Evangelical Society which desired to adopt the mission, liut failing in this endeavored to bring it under the auspices of an allied Pedo-Baptist Society in Canada. This attempt led Madame Feller and her associates to make a general statement of their belief, as they had not hesitated to do previously in a less r 18 TUE ROME MISSION MONTHLY. piil)Iic way. Before leaving Switzerland she li.td l)oen convinced that baptism for be- lievers only and that by immersion was the true scriptural order. Singularly enough, Rev. Mr. Roussy while on his voyage to America in 1834, was led Ijy a careful study of the New Testament to the same con- clusion and upon his arrival in jVIontreal asixcd for baptism ;' id became a member of the Baptist Church. So that, as in the case of Judson and Rice and the mission to Burma, God gave to American Baptists the missionaries and the field in Canada, before they asked for it; nay, by his Providence He thrust it upon them as a divine call to engage in this work. From the beginning of the Grande Linge Mission, therefore, in- fant baptism was rejected as unscriptural and converts were immersed on personal prolession of their faith in Christ. When this statement was made, contributions from Pedo-Baptist sources fell off rapidly. The A. B. H. M. Socloty. In 1845 ^n alliance was formed with tiie Canada Baptist Missionary Society, whose aid, on account of financial embarrassment, was of brief duration. Madame Feller with the efficient co-operation of Dr. Fyfe ap- pealed to the Baptists of the Un.ed States. In 1848 the Executive Board of the American Baptist Home Mission Society sent Dr. Hill, their corresponding secretary, to visit and report on the mission at Grand Ligne. His report was favorable. A Provisional Com- mittee to whom the matter was referred re- ported emphatically in favor of an appro- priation to the mission. Thereupon the Society adopted all missionaries, and from 1849 ^o i860 made appropriations for their support, aggregating over $28,000. In the list of missionaries thus supported, we find the names of N. Cyr, L. Normandeau, L. Roussy, Theo. LaHeur, J, N. Williams, T. Riendeau, F. Lamoreaux, Chas. Roux, H. Tetrau, J. D. Rossier, L. Pasche. The largest number of stations oc- cupied in one year was 9, cutstations 34. Baptisms reported for the period, 195. The Society discontinued its support in i860, partly because of the complex educa- tional and missionary character of the work, but chiefiy because the West was making heavier demands upon its treasury. It was also believed that the mission would re- ceive adequate support from the voluntary organizations and from individuals who hud become interested in it. A Ulittlnctlvely llaptlnt (IrKanlxHtlon. The mission was incorporated in 1855 as " The I-^vangeliral Society of La Grande Lij,'ne." It had no distinctive dciomina- tional affiliation, though its constitution re- ♦piired " the baptism of believers only." While Baptistit, in general spirit and belief there was not conformity to Baptist practice in church organization and order. The baptized converts were loosely associated for the maintenance of religious services. This fact, militated somewhat against the mission in many Baptist circles both in Canada and tlie United States. Tlie grow- ing feeling of many connected with the work, that it should be distirctively and thoroughly Baptistic at icnp'th led to an ap- plication for radical changes in t!ie act of in- corporation, which was effected in 1888, placing the whole work of " The Grande Ligne Mission" — its present corporate name — avowedly under Baptist control. By this process ot evolution the mission to-day stands squarely on a B Dtist basi=. Within a few years at se^ cral of 'die mission stafions regular Bapfist Churches have been organ- ized, and others will follow. Rev. Mr. Therricn of Montreal has been in- fluential in bringing about this result. The entire mission now hasa warm place among Baptists in the Province of Quebec, and is rapidly gaining friends and helpers in On- tario and the Maritime Provinces. Receipts. For the year cndnig Jan., 1892, the re- ceipts for missionary and educational pur- poses were $17,772, of which nearly $3,000 came, from the United States ; and for the eight months ending Sept. 30, 1892, $9,- 172.92, of whicli $1,986.37 was from the States. Sometimes when the financial out- look has been very dark, God has honored the faith of his servants, in a striking man- ner, as in the following instance. The writer in September received a letter from President Ayer saying : " We had a peculiar -xperience the day you left. Our treasury had been emptied and there was not suf- ficient to pay our missionaries by nearly $400. We agreed to wait a day and pray. Before night there came a draft for £100 from England. We have often before had a similar experience." I Y. I individuals who hud I. tlitt Org^anUatlon. corporated in 1855 as L'iety of La Grande istinctive dc lomina- h its constitution re- of believers only." r*ral spirit and belief ity to Baptist practice n and order. The e loosely associated »f religious services, imevvhat against the ptist circles both in d States. Tlie grow- connecteJ with the be distirctively ami lenp-ii' led to an ap- anges in t!ie act of in- as effected in 1888, rk of " The Grande Escnt corporate name aptist control. By )n the mission to-day Dtist basi«. Within t Ihe mission stations es have been organ- How. Montreal has been in- out this result. The 5 a warm place among ce of Quebec, and is 3 and helpers in On- Provinces. pts. r Jan., 1892, the re- and educational pur- which nearly $3,000 i States ; and for the Sept. 30, 1892, $9,- S6.37 was from the len the financial out- -Ic, God has honored ts, in a striking man- ing in-tance. The 3ceiveu a letter from : "We had a peculiar u left. Our treasury [ there was not suf- ssionaries by nearly ^'ait a day and pray, me a draft for £100 ivc often before had THU HOME MISSION MONTHLY. 19 PMiilUr DiffloDltlen. The field was, and still is peculiarly difli- ciilt. F'or at least two iiundred years prior to 1834 Roman Catholicism hail neld almost ahsoliiii- sway in the province. The people were appallingly ignorant (see stat nient in article on Feller Institute). They could not be reached by books, papers or tracts. When Bibles were given to some who could read, it was a favorite pastime with priests to obtain and burn them. Bible-burning is of frequent occurrence among Canadian Catholics to-day. It was diflUcult to get a congregation. Priests warned the faithful, under penalties, not to set foot in a Protest- ant place of worship. This admonition is given to-day, so that good Catholics regard it a mortal sin even to enter a Protestant church. Hand to hand, house to house work was, and in most localities still is the princ'pal method of getting the truth before the people. Iligrotry and Persecution. Bigotry amounted . to positive hostility. Great prudence was necessary. Mission- aries suffered personal violence. Even within the last year, at Sorel, this has been shown. When Bro. Cote (formerly mission- ary of the Society at Marlboro, Mass.) went to this Catholic city, even with the cash in his hand. Catholics would not sell oats for his horse nor furniture for his residence. .So he had to purchase at Montreal, forty- five miles away. And only in August last a stone weighing two or three pounds •<7as liurled through sash and window iuio his sleeping-room at night. I saw the indenta- tion on a chair where it struck. Converts are persecuted. When a busi- ness man renounces Romanism the first step is to ruin his business by the with- drawal of patronage, and so compel him to return or leave the place. Hundreds have left rather than return to Romanism. The fartiier may withstand diis pressure better than tl'.e business man, the professional man or laborer. Many, lialf emancipated from their errors, and ready in ordinary cir- cumstances to accept the Gospel as held by us, yet, unable to dispose of their business or real estate, and seeing only ruin before tiiem if they become Protestants, reluctantly succumb to the awfid and merciless pres- sure, and for the sake of their families abide with tlie church. OatrMclNiii. Roman Catholic society ostracizes the convert to I'rotcstantism. W'itli few excep- tions, in the Province of Quebec, the high- est, and, for that matter, the lowest social circles are Roman Catholic. What a potent ftictor in the case this is tippe irs from the fact that the French are peculiarly suscepti- ble to public opinion, very sen<«itive about tlie estimation in which they are held by their acquaintances. The independent Englishman or American, having decided on his course, strikes out boldly, saying, " I don't care for these things." The French Canadian asks, " What will they say ? " He is conspicuously social and gregarious in his instincts and feelings. They freeze out the Protestant convert. Even parents dis- own their children and would rathc-r bury them than see them leave the CImrch of Rome. Here, near Grande Ligne, is a con- verted ex-priest, now a Baptist missionary of deep piety and special gifts as a writer, who is not recognized by members of his father's family or offered hospitality if he enters the paternal abode. Cases like these could be multiplied almost indefinitely. In the midst of these all-surrounding and overpowering influences the work has been necessarily slow. In 1837, at Grande Ligne, seven converts were organized into a church, nine others uniting a few months later. This was the first French Protestant Church in Canada. The good seed fell into some good and honest hearts and com- manded the assent of some well-educated men, who, risking all for Christ, came forth to proclaim with great eloquence and power the pure Gospel to their benighted country- men. To leave the Church of Rome in Canada is no trifling matter ; especially to receive baptism at the hand of a Baptist minister — the most cordially hated of all Protestants. Membership, Under these circumstances it is not to be wondered at that the number of Baptists in actual membership in the churches and missions of Grande Ligne is not large. They do not probably exceed five hundred. The strongest churches are at Grande Ligne, Montreal and Roxton, having about seventy- five members each. For reasons stated, many converts have gone to the United States, and, unfil within recent years, at least, many of these, uuinstructed in thedis- i 20 TEE HOME MISSION MONTIILY. tinctive principles of Haptists, were cauglit in tiie Conjjre^jational net tluit was set for them in New Engiantl. A small ptTcentat^'e, however, as shown in tlie article on our work in New England, are in the Haptist Churches of tiiose localities, while others, douhtlesR, have united elsewhere, unknown and not enumerated .is French Canadian Baptists. These mission (ields and the Feller Institute have also furnished some excellent laborers amon^,' the French in New England. Tiie indirect and intangible results of this work are incalculably great. The leaven is quietly but surely leavening the lump. Such a mental and religious fer- mentation as is now going on in Canada has never before been known. All this is not indeed attributable to the inthienceotCirande Ligne, inasmuch as other denominations, specially the Presbyterians and, to some ex- tent, tiie Methodists, have had a part therein, while other forces have contributed to this result. Hence, in conclusion, I mention some of The EncourHgfliiK InillcAtiojiR. The educational system of the province, even under Catholic control, has enabled the rising generation to read. They are reading. As reading suggests new thoughts, they are thinking, yes, even daring to think for themselves. Mental and moral slavery was their condition. From this they are be- ing gradually emancipated. Protestant lit- erature is finding its wrn among them. One great need here, as in New England, is more of thie and of a better quality. And they are reading the Scriptures. In 1891 the branch of the British and Foreign Bible Society at Montreal reported grants and sales, mostly of the New Testament, as follows: English, 15,357 copies; French, 6,909; in 1892, English, 15,864; French, 2,761. The Quebec branch reported, for the same period : English, 649 ; French, 3,039. The society employs quite a number of col- porteurs and some Bible women. Within the last three years a Bible woman, ap- pointed by the Grande Ligne Mission, has sold and judiciously given about 2,200 cop- ies of the Froncfi Scriptures, generally the New Testament. The approved Roman Catholic version is ordinarily used, inasmuch as any other, in most cases, would be instantly rejected or destroyed. Fruit may be expected of this sowing, fordod has said: " My Word siiall not return unto me void.' Tho ChiihiIm Itttvna. Besides all this, recent attacks against the Romish hierarchy, notably the bold denun- ciation of their corru|>tion and tyranny by the Canada NiTiie, have created great com- motion, have shaken tin- faith of muititutles, have broken the priestly spell over the peo- ple, and so arc- preparing the way for some- thing better. The |)eril, iiowever, is, as was the case in France a hundred years age, that many, throwing off the Romish yoke, know- ing no religion but that of Rome, having been taught that Protestantism was of the devil, will piunge into open intidility. Care- ful ol)servers even now perceive iliis teiul- ency. Hence, (piick and erieigetic action is demanded of all for the evangelization ot Canada at this critical period. Still fuitlii'r: the vaulting ambition ot Romisii priests has once and again ovn- le.'iped itself and i-reated a revulsion ot senti- ment and revolt against them. This is nota- bly illustrated at Maskinonge, whore the revolt ot an influential portion of the i)arish attracted wide attention as an unlitard-ot piece of audacity, and led to important results to the cause of truth and righteous- ness. In short, tiie story is this : The Story of Masktiioiig;^. Miiskinontre is a village of about 700 popu- lation, on tlie Can.'idian Pacitic Railway, 75 miles eatiof Montreal. The Bisiiop decided to build a new house here, the old one bt'ing at some distance from the town. Residents on the east side of the river gave an ample site, which was accepted and consecrated to church purposes. Afterward more land was offereil on the west side. Consulting with none ot the influential men on the east siile, the Bishop proceeded to build on the west side. Remonstrance availed nothing. In- dignation over their discourteous and dis- honorable treatment was imbounded. They at once erected a house on the first location, and asked for a priest. The Bishop refused their request. Nevertheless, they assembled for worship at the usual hours. The day for dedicating the magnificent stone structure directly across the river came, but two or three hundred people of the parish, in- stead of being there, were in the east side chapel. L\\ said : " My Wonl simll i-oid.' iHdn K«vn«> cent attacks a^jaiiist tin lotably tlif hold dciiiin- •uptioii and tyranny liy lavc created j^Tcat coni- itlie taitli of niultitiides. cstly siiell over the peo- ariii)^ the way for sonie- eril, liDwever, is, as was hundred years aye, that tlie Roinisli yolliip, tor which thire was no nt'CfSHily ami lor whicli hv wan to hv liiavily taxed. Near Cirandf I.i>,'n<' a new parish has been cut out ot thri'L" other parislifs, and under protest of the people un expensive Btone fdiliic, heavily hunleniiiij the jx-oide, is lieui^ tTtrtcd. Do tin y t;inuly submit ? GKNUUEAl' iN JAIL. By no means. They have taken (heir case to the civil courts, where, however, they can hardly expect justice from Romc;ii Catholic judges subservient to the i)ries(s. But it shows how the people are asserting them- selves, how the democratic spirit is animat- ing the ranks even of the monarchical Rom- ish Church. All this is hojjeful lor the cause of truth and righteousness. The Sorel I'erHeciitlon. The outrageous persecution of Mr. Gen- dreau in Sorel, a city about 45 miles east of Montreal, is also bound to produce a reac tion against Rome. The Montreal IVitness, a staunch and fearless Protestant paper, has spread the facts before the coinUry and de- nounced the travestry on justice. This man, for twenty-live years a colporteur of ('.rand I.igne, atid for several months laboring in •Sorel, wiis fal.sely accused of disturbing the public peace and "iolating a city by-law framed to drive the Salvation Army out of the place. Thoiigh he \.as ably ikfiiuled, llie l)igotLd Roman Catliolie Recoiiler inid thatdendreau w.is tlu'(i(<(/.v/V« ol the trouble, adjudged him guilty, im|)"sing a liiii' with costs amounting to $20, or 30 days in jail. An appcil was taken. I'ending this, oti Mon- day afternoon, September 3d, just before my arrival m Sorel, he was arrested on some fc( Inii- callty and thrown into prison, where, with Brother Cote, I visited him Tuesday h>reiioor., and on the seconii visit, having got the services of a photogra- pher and the consent of the jailer, obtained a plHitogr;i|)h of (iendreau standing by the ^f.-ited door of his cell. The place is one ot the d.irkest, most bis^oted ill the |)rovince. There are barely thirty English-speaking families in a Freiu;li-Catbolic population of 7,000. The priest is supriMiie. Tlii' Chief of-I'olice told Brother Cote when there was talk of mobbing his resi- dence, that in case it occurred he could do nothing to protect him, saying: "If 1 should at- tempt t^j protect you, such is ihe iiillueiice of the priest, I wouid at once lose my posiiion and would be compelled to go to the States." Such is Roman Catholic- ism where it is regnant! I met two of the leading' lawyers of the citv, one an Englishman, the other French, who ;iii act- ing in behalf of Mr. Gendreau, though ;ip- preliensive of loss of patronage in so do- ing. The French lawyer, a loyal Catholic, said concerning the outrage : " 1 am ashamed of my nationality, ashamed of the clergy." Others feel the same way but do not dare to say so. Nobody for a moment siipjioscs that a Roman Catholic could have been con- victed in Sorel for doing what Brother Gen- dreau did. When I told Gendreau to lie of good cheer, that the Lord would overrule r. THK TTOME MTSSFON MOyTHLY. 'J3 L' the country and lic- on JuBticc This in;ir), I colporttiir i»t (iiaiid I niontlis hilmrii)'^ in isnl t»f disturbing the oiiitiiijj: a fity iiv-iiiw iilviitiuM Army nut nt lie \.ai« alily ileftnded, itliolic Rfcordcf litld lUiit.sion »>t tlu" tmulile, imp'>siiiK a lim- with unitin)^ to $20, or 30 jail. An appeal was endin)^ tliis, on Mon- loon, SepteniliiT 3d, e my arrival 111 Sorel, •I'sti-tl on sonic tichni- 1 tlirown into prison, •ith Hrotli>r Cote, I \\\ Tuesilay loreiiooi;, e second visit, iiavin^^ jrvices of a pliotoi,'ra- the consent of tlie [lined a photof^raph ot standing,' liy the ^rateil us cell. The place is .' darkest, most liii^oteil )rovince. There are irty Kni^^lish-spcakin^i in a l''reiicli-Catiiolic 1 ot 7,000. Till' jiriest e. TheChiel ol-1'olice her Cote when there of mohhinij his resi- :it in case it occuneil do nothing to protect nff : "if I shouiil at- irotectyou, such is ihc of the priest, I wouiil lose my position and )e compelled to j^o 1 is Roman Catholic- jnant ! 1 met two of i of the citv, one an Dr French, who are act- Gendreau, thoui^h ap- )f patronage in so do- wyer, a loyal Catholic, utraj^e : " I am ashamed liamcd of the cleryy." way but do not dare to ir a moment supi)oses ic could have been con- ling what Brother Gen- told Gendreau to be of 2 Lord would overr'.le thin to llic ndvancement of Mis caunc in Sorel, and that his itnprisonment would ac> complish more tlian a year's ordinary lal)or, for all whiih lu' should sing songs in the night as i'aul and Silas did, lie answered, us tears tilled his eyes juid ours : "That is what I did last niirht -a sleepless night." Watch for great things yet at Sorel, wliere tlie four- less, energetic, tactful Cote .ilrcaily has gathered a goodly number of eonvi-rts, and where the spirit of iiupiiry is spreading. All of these things shall fall out to the further- ance of the (iospel. "The wrath of man shall praise Him, and t!ie remainder thereof shall Mc restrain."* KiiroiirMglilK HIkh*. Too long aluady is this article. Other grounds of encouragement, save one, must pass unmcntioned. There is great promise for the future in the person nc/ ul the men now composing the management of the mission ; in the te.ichers, as will as the more thorough work iilc! O Canada free ! There's a stain on thy sod. An egregious wrong that cries out unto God. True men of Sorel ! Arise in your might, lilot out the disgrace, this outrage on right ; For wrong, now exultant, ring out the death knell, Or the land will proclaim the shame of Sorel. H. L. Morehouse. fc_ 24 TEE HOME MISSION' MONTHLY. The French Canadian in New England. The transplanting ot a treelrom the dense forest wlicre it has received ample protec- tion, to an open field, in different soil and fully exposed to sun and wind and storm, tests its vitality and quality ruid produces marked modifications in its grappling roots licncath and its spreading branches above. Men, like trees, are affected by their environ- ment. How is the French-Canadian affected by his removal from a dense Roman Catho- lic French community to a Protestant New England Village ? What influences are operating to keep him unaffected by his new surroundings pnd to what extent are they successful ? Is he more accessible to the truth here, than in Canada } Is he here to stay ? If so, what part is he to play in our civil and religious affairs ? These are ques- tions of deep interest to American Cliristians and patriots. Their Number. The best estimates from the census of 1891 and from other sources show 997,596 French-Canadians in the United States. The difificulty in the census is that in giving the number who were " born in Canada," it does not state whether they are French or Eng- lish. The census gives 205,671 in New Eng- land who were born in Canada. The Guide Frattiais, prepared by Father Hanion, of Lowell, Mass., gives the following figures of tlie French-Canadian populafion of New England ; Maine, 52,986 ; New Hampshire, 47,682 ; Vermont, 31,467 ; Massachusetts, 165,325 ; Rhode Island, Z7,2,3?> ; Connecticut, 27,598 — total, 362,396. This inckules, un- doubtedly, the children born here of French- Canadian parents. He states that there are about 100,000 more in Northern New York, Troy, Syracuse, etc. Except in Northern expelled and others fiedthe country. These settled principally in Northern New York and Vermont. Thegreatinflux began about i860, when the large expansion of the cotton manufacturing interests in New Englruul oeated a demand for more lal)orcrs. The high prices during and after the war attracted many who were making only a bare living on their farms in Quebec. The French-Cana*- dian has not the spirit of the American or file German, or the Scandinavian to become a pioneer in felling forests and developing new country, so that while Canada presented opportunities for new settlers, there were iQw to take up new lands. The social and gregarious instincts of the French were against such isolated life as that of fiie fron- tier. The manufacturing interests of Quebec are small, requiring but few of the popula- tion. Besides all this, there was no litfie restlessness on account of the intolerable exacfions of the Romish hierarchy from which they saw no escape but by emigra- tion. VtTmont, where some arc engaged in agri- cultural pursuits, fiiey are concentrated chiefly in fiie great manufacturing centres of Ne.w England where they comprise a large per cent, ot the population. Thus Woon- socket, R. I., has about 8,000 French, and 6,000 Irish in a population of 23.000. Notices in public i)laces are in French and English. Nashua, N. H., has about 7,000 F'rench in a population of 20,000, and Lewiston, Me., 12,000 in 26,000. When and Wliy They Came. The first noticeable immigration was a re- sult of the rebellion of 1837 when some were At first they came for a temporary sojourn, intending to return after they had bettered their temporal condition. But, with good wages their residence was protracted. Then with increasing numbers of fiieir own kin- dred and countrymen they were less and less disposed to return. The civil aufiiorities of Quebec endeavored to create counter at- tractions in the province in order to retain the people whose exodus gave them no little concern about the depletion of the po|)ula- tion of the province. The Roman Catholic priesthood also endeavored to restrain em- igration, fearing that their parishioners in Protestant New Englaiul would be lost to their Church. They preyed u])on the super- stitions and fears of the people, selhng holy amulets and charms which should jjrotect the soulsof the dear people from the malign influencet lO which they would be exijosed. Nevertheless, the people went in a steady stream and have continued to come until fiie present time. How long this influx will con- tinue cannot be conjectured. The recent depression in manufacturing interests has temporarily arrested it and caused many out of employment to return awhile to Canada. But the superior business opportunities and advantages of fiie United States will prove an irresistible attraction to thousands for years to come. tic y ti in E in ec Ca I ce ; •>■'(, -: (.u en -1^ en 1 Ui tra wc hii -j tui 1 fin 1 est 1 ha 1 ne Y. THE HOME MISSION MONTHLY. 25 d the country. Tliese Nortlicrn New York ■eat'infliix hci^an about xpansion of the cotton sts in New England • more laborers. The after the war attracted ng only a bare living iCC. The French-Cana- it of the American or andinavian to become )rests and developing 'liile Canada presented V settlers, there were jnds. The social and of the French were life as that of the fron- ;■ interests of Quebec )ut few of the popula- s, there was no little unt of the intolerable mish hierarchy from escape but by emigra- :)ra temporary sojourn, itter they had bettered ition. But, with good ; was protracted. Then bers of their own kin- 2n they were less and •n. The civil authorities :d to create counter a*- •ince in order to retain )dus gave them no little eplction of the popula- The Roman Catholic avored to restrain em- t their parishioners in '\m\k\ woukl be lost to preyed upon the super- the people, selhng holy , which shoukl jjrotect people from the malign they would be exposed. 2opie went in a steady tinned to come until the long this inllux will con- njectured. The recent ufacturing interests has it and caused many out •eturn awhile to Canada, siness opportunities and Jnited States will prove iction to thousands for Here to Stay. It is a generally recognized fact both in Canada and in New England that the French Canadians are here to stay. They are not merely laborers in the cotton mills, woolen mills and other manufactories ; they are entering into many branches of Lusincss and thus permanently establishing themselves. In these lines of business they can rely gen- erally upon the patronage of their country- men. A glance through the Guide Francais, a volume of 956 pages, giving the names and the business of French Canadians in the United States, shows how they are rooting themselves in the business world. In some cities there is a " French Quarter," solidly French ; a community by itself, where the people may feel as much at home as in any city of Quebec. NattirHliziitloii and l>oIitic8. For years the influence of the Romish clergy was thrown against the naturalization of French Canadians. They hoped for their return to Canada in the interests of " New France." At last, however, they have sub- mitted to the inevitable and "as wise as ser- pents" are advocating their naturalization in the interests of the Church in New England. The Quebec Chronicle, during my visit to Quebec, the last of August, contained a strik- ing editorial on this subject. It says : " The stand taken at the French Canadian Conven- tion in favor of naturalization, with, at the same time, a definite policy of parochial or- ganization, and the use of the French lan- guage in the family and social circle, is dis- tincdy on the lines of Father Hamon's advice in his report on the French Canadians of new England. Having found the repatriation movement a failure, those who had succeed- ed in the United States refusing to return to Canada, while the thriftless ones who ac- cepted helji to that end were often inauvais sujets who did no credit to dieir country (native or adopted), or to Uiemselves, he has eml)raced the only alternative. In fact, resid- ence for a certain number of years in the United States has generally the effect of so transJorniing Jean Baptiste, for better or worse, that the ties of sympathy which bound him to his former home are frequently rup- tured irreparably. When he returns, he finds himself in a milieu from which he is estranged ; his early dignity and politeness liave given place to a sort of spurious smart- ness and the free and easy manners of his later associates, and a state of things which was once good enough for him has become intolerable. There are, of course, excep- tions ; the new environment sometimes brightening the intellect while leaving what is most pleasing in character and manner unimpaired. In this case, the alienation, if less strongly experienced, will be equally deep-seated and virtually invincible. This was Father Hamon's experience tuiil he be- came tired of attempting the impossible." Rome in Politics. With Quebec secure for Rome, 85 percent, of the population being Roman Catholic, the clergy perceive that they may utilize this French Canadian element in New England lor their Church there. And as Rome every- where is in politics slie wants them as a power to promote her interests through this channel. So the process of naturalization goes on rapidly. It is stated that in 1887 there were in New England 16,806 French Cana- dian voters ; in 1889, 28,465 ; in 1891, 33,663. The fresh impetus recently given to the nat- uralization of this people will greatly swell the number of voters in the years to come. It is pointed out that even now, in every New England State except Vermont, die sohd French vote holds the balance of power if turned from one party to the odier. In die last election in Massachusetts the French Canadians voted widi die Democratic party, mainly on account of their prejudice against the McKinley bill, which is most unpopular in Canada. In several cities these voters are so numerous that no man can be elected who is not acceptable to them. Singularly enough, however, the French and Irish Catholics, though of the same faith, do not always pull together in politics, the Irish, with their remarkable propensity for office and for ruling everybody but t'lemselves, generally getting the lion's sliare, even though in the minority. But when any im- l)ortant issue arises, in which the Romish Church is interested, they will all pull to- gether at the behest of the hierarchy. Nun-Assiiuilatlon. It is the definite and earnest policy of the Romish hierarchy to preserve here the French Canadians as a distinct people, in respect to race, language and religion. The Montreal Herald oi August 29th, contained an interview with ex-Premier Mercier, soon after his return from the French-Canadian k 26 THE HOME MISSION MONTHLY. Convention in Ciiicafjo. There was present also Dr. Fontaine, of Worcester, Mass., Sec- retary of the Convention, who was asked this question : " Is the French language maintained in its entirety and the Catholic religion and tiie traditions of your race pre- served as jealously as here ?" He answered : "Yes, indeed! In fact, we cling more tenaciously to our birthright than if we were at home. We have our own par- ish schools, as you have here, and our chil- dren speak both languages." The Bishop of Springfield, Mass., recently said : "The best method by which the Can- adians may preserve their faith is to conserve their language, (o remain attached to their customs, and to instruct their children in the maternal tongue." A Close RomUIi Corporation. "Our language, our nationality, our reli- gion," is the motto of the St. Jean Baptiste Society, which has two hundred local or- ganizations and thirty thousand members among the French-Canadian Roman Catho- lics of this land. This is a close Romish corporation. The Chaplain must be a priest. If a French-Canadian becomes a Protestant he is thereby debarred from social or cor- porate privileges among his countrymen as if his presence were contamination. As the Quebec Chronicle says : " The clergy know that if they divorced religion from national- ity and admitted to convention and other privileges any French-Canadian, whatever his creed, their influence would soon wane and ultimately even the sentiment of race would yield to the overmastering force of environment, as it has done m the case of all Protestants of French origin who made their homes in the United States." Accord- ingly Father Hamon, in his book on the French-Canadians in New England, warns them against "the dangers of assimilation," fervently exhorting them to remain true to their old race and religious traditions; the vision of independent Quebec or " New France" still floating before his mind, and the hope that somehow in that future day these unassimilated French-Canadians in New England may become allies in the fur- therance of a great Church-and-State scheme on the continent of North America. French Itoiuanlsni in New KuglunU, According to Roman Catholic statistics the French-Canadian Roman Catholics in 1891 numbered 302,659. Dioceses for this people have been established in every State in New England. There are distinct churches for the French and for the Irish. A recent writer in Harper's Magazine has compiled the facts as follows : In 1891 Ver- mont had 8 French-Canadian parishes and 18 mixed (/. e., French and English); in the diocese of Springfield, 22, and 10 mixed ; in the diocese of Providence, 14, and 4 mixed ; in the diocese of Connecticut, 5, and 26 mixed ; in the archdiocese of Boston, 9, and 6 mixed ; in the diocese of Portland, 17, and 8 mixed. luterentiHg Figures. Father Hamon states that they have built in twenty years 120 churches or chapels, served hy Canadian priests ; 50 great con- vents where the religieuses from Canadti give to 30,000 children an education that is Catholic and French. From the Giiidi Francais I obtained these figures : There are 27 priests in the diocese of Boston, in- cluding Lowell (with 7), Haverhill, Marl- boro, Lawrence and Lynn. In the diocese of Providence there are in Fall River alone, II priests; in Woonsocket, 5 priests. In Fall River a cathedral is being ertcted at a cost of about half a million dollars. The number and imposing appearance of church buildings, schools, convents, asylums, etc., was to me a surprise. French-Canadian Romanism is already strongly entrenched in New England. And Irom the Protestant element no small sums have been procured for the erection of these costly structures. For business and ^ rofessional men as well as politicians are given to understand that if they do not contribute for these objects they need not expect the patronage of French Catholics. Koine Couflflent. There are several weekly papers in French published in New England by men who, though liberal in their views, find it pecuni- arily advantageous to keep in favor with the Romish Church and to denounce Protest- ant missionaries among the French. So Rome has her forces well in hand and by every possible means intends to retain her hold upon them. The French Roman Catholics are about one-third of the adher- ents of that Church in New England — the whole number, according to the latest sta- tistics that I find, being 1,005,005 ; of winch Maine has 57,548 ; Massachusetts, 614,627 ; hii TEE HOME MISSION MONTHLY. 27 Dioceses tor this lislied in every State riiere are distinct li and for the Irisli. ■per's Magazine has •Hows: In 1891 Ver- aadian parishes and and Englisli); in the 22, and 10 mixed ; in ice, 14, and 4 mixed ; inecticut, 5, and 26 ese of Boston, 9, and J of Pordand, 17. and Figures. s that they have built :hurclies or chapel?, nests ; 50 great con- •rieuses from Canaila an education that is From the Guidi :hese figures: There iocese of Uoston, in- 7), Haverhill, Marl- .ynn. In the diocese re in Fall River alone, ocket, 5 priests. In is being ertcted at a million dollars. The- ; appearance of church nvents, asylums, etc., se. French-Canadian f strongly entrenched [id from the Protestant IS have been procured lese costly structures, fcssional men as well ■n to understand that if e for these objects they ; patronage of French >oufl(lent. -eckly papers in French England by men who, ir views, find it pecuni- 5 keep in favor with the 1 to denounce Protest- nong the French. So s well in hand and by IS intends to retain her The French Roman one-third of the adher- 1 in New England— the Drding to the latest sta- ging 1,005,005 ; of which Massachusetts, 614,627 ; I New Hampshire, 39,920 ; Vermont, 42,810 ; Rhode Island, 96,755 ; Connecticut, 152,945. And yet, notwithstanding the efforts put forth to keep this people isolated, American ideas and the free spi-it of this land find entrance to their minds and hearts and are effecting considerable modifications of char- acter. The rising generation especially will show the difference between the French- Canadian of the United States and the fossil French of Quebec. Of this more will be said in the article on our missionary work among them. The Future. What of their future ? M. Mercier in- dulges in some characteristically extrava- gant figures about their coming numliers and influence. Making his calculations, presumably, on the ratio of increase during a little more than a century, he beholds a great host within a half a century. In 1763 there were about 70,000 French in Canada ; while now in Quebec tliere are not far from 1,200,000 and nearly 1,000,000 in the United States. So he reckons that in fifty years they will number 9,000,000 in Canada, and 15,000,000 in the United States. That the hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church count upon this wonderfully prolific people to out-po]Hilate the native American Pro- testant stock, is well known. But we do not believe that this distinctive population will attain such proportions, for it must melt away continually in contact with the trutli which is finding an entrance to their hearts. We are warranted in believing this, even though present changes, naturally enough, are not marked. In any event, here is, and here, for a generation at least, will continue to be a great and needy field for Christian effort. And he who aids in this serves both his country and his God. H. L. M. Baptist Missions to tlie French in the United States. Baptists were first to put forth organized effort for the evangelization of the French in the United States. The American Baptist HOMi Mission Society, while assisting the Grande Ligne Mission of Canada, in 1853, ap- pointed a missionary to the French at Mooer's, Clinton Co., N. Y., near the Canadian border. In 1859 and i860 other missionaries were ap- pointed to Sugar Creek and St. Anne, Ills., and in '863, at Detroit, Mich. The Society began its vrork in New England in 1870. The Congregationalists and Methodists followed sev- eral years later. In 1875 a missionary was ap- pointed to the European French at Stryker, Ohio, where now is a good self-aupporting church. Others were appointed to a large French settlement in Mulberry, Kansas, in 1888; and to Western Pennsylvania in 1890. New Knglnud. The principal work has been among the French Canadians of New England. The first missionary there was Rev. Narcisse Cyr, who, from 1870 to 1873, in his capacity as gen- eral missionary, labored at Rutland, Burling- ton and St. Albans, Vt. ; Haverhill, Salem, Worcester, Springfield, Lowell and Fall River, Mass.; Concord and Manchester, N. H.; Woonsocket and Pawtucket, R. I.; Baltic, Conn.; and Cohoes, N. Y. In 1873 the Soci- ety appointed Rev. J. N. Williams, who had been one of its laborers in Canada, as general missionary to the French in New England. His residence in Canada from early youth, his education at Grand Ligne, his knowledge of the French language and his understanding of the French-Canadian character, together with his ability, wisdom and devout Christian spirit have made him an invaluable laborer among this people for the past twenty years. The story of his conversion ' -\d the striking inci- dents in connection therewith are of profound interest. Special Fields. The cities and districts where most work has been done are Montgomery, Enosburg and Burlington, Vt.; Lowell, Fall River, Worcester and vicinity, Holyoke, Springfield, Boston, Marlboro, Lynn and the Westfield Association, Mass.; Woonsocket and adjacent places, R. I.; Putnam and Danielsonville, in Ea'^tern Con- necticut; Nashua, N. H.; Waterville and Lew- iston, Maine. Many other places have been visited and cultivated to a greater or less ex- tent. The work in Vermont, which nt one time seemed very hopeful, w;is suspended sev- eral years ago. In the other States, at mostot the places named, missionaries are laboring with gratifying results. The number of mis- sionaries now in the service of the Society is fourteen. Some of these have several preai h- ing stations. Partial BesultH. The Society's missionaries have reported the baptism of 769 French-Canadian converts from Romanism. It is believed that others have 28 THE HOME Mission MONTHLY. been baptized by pastors of American churches, and that a goodly number of children of French- Canadian parentage have also become members of our c\ urches ; so that it may be a safe statement to say that at lenst 1,000 French- Canadians have been added to the Baptist churches of New England, upon profession of f.iilh and baptism ; while a considerable num- ber beside have come from the churches of l!ie Grande Ligne Mission. The present number connected with our mission stations is a little less than five hundred. W^Tterville reports 90; Worcester, 55 ; Lowell, 47 ; several other places from 20 to 35, and scattered members else- where. Our Policy. The Society's policy has been to bring the French converts in close relations with the American churches ; rather than to organize independent French Baptist churches. Their unfamiliarity with Baptist principles and usn;4cs ; their instability of residence ; their need of counsel and sympathy, and of aid as well, in maintaining public worship, are some of the reasons in support of this policy. Where, however, we have a goodly number who are permanent residents and who have been faithful members for years, as at Water- ville, Me., and Worcester, Mass., there are " branch churches " of French-Canadians. These last named have good houses of worship in which they hold regular services on Sunday and during the week. But the American churches, either directly or through a judicious committee, act upon the reception of French converts who become members thereof, even though they have a branch church with almost the same privileges, in other respects, as an independent body. At Woonsocket, and per- haps elsewhere, the French brethren are rep- resented by one of their number, as a deacon in the American church to which they all be- long. This seems to be a desirable arrange- ment wherever good men can be found for the office In all cases, separate services in French are held ; sometimes in lectuie-rooms of Bap- tist churches; sometimes in rented halls; in one instance in the Y. M. C. A. rooms. Anotlipr Policy. The Congregationalists adopted the policy of organizing separate French-Canadian churches wherever practicable. The idea was rather populir among the French and for a time seemed successful, but in the long run, as nearly as I can ascertain, it has not met their expectations. They have also built several ex- pensive and attractive houses of worship. *>ur NeedH. Chapels are needed for our work at Lowell and at two or three other points where our French brethren are compelled to meet in un- tidy and unattractive halls. Sunday-schools are held separately where a sufficient number of French children can be gathered and competent teachers obtained. But the lack of good Sunday-school literature in French is a hindrance to this work. Then, too, the children, generally, having some knowledge of the English language, prefer to attend the large and attractive Sunday-schools in the American churches. For the older per- sons who do not understand much English, classes in P'rench are provided. Not many children outside of the families of our French converts can be got into the Sunday-school. Roman Catholic mothers and priests are very vigilant to keep the children from attending Protestant services. Ikluslc In Worship. Considerable attention is given to inusic in public worship and in the devotional meetings. There are several evangelical hymn books in French, including a selection from " Gospel Hymns." The congregational singing at Worcester is excellent. At Waterville there is a very good choir. Good music o*" this char- acter has its attractions for a people of musical tastes, but for whom the Romish Church pro- vides no congregational singing. The hymns and tunes of our Protestant churches are to the Romanist a pleasing novelty. ClinrHcter of the Convrrtfi. When a man leaves the Romish Church which has been his religious home from birth, and through which only, as he has been told times without number, is salvation possible; when he turns his back on all its rites and cer- emonies, and counts for nothing its ancient traditions and glory, to identify himself with a Baptist church — the very opposite of Roman- ism — the act must be most radical and revolu- tionary. As we shall see later on, it means social ostracism, persecution and perhaps pov- erty, and often domestic discord. So far as this world is concerned he has everything to lose and little or nothing to gain by such a step. Strong convictions of duty, therefore, are behind such a change. Hence, the con- THE HOME MISSION MONTHLY. 29 it has not met their also built several ex- >es of worship. r our work at Lowell r points where our pelled to meet in un- l separately where a ich children can be teachers obtained, day-school literature to this work. Then, rally, having some language, prefer to ctive Sunday-schools . For the older per- tand much English, •ovided. Not many milies of our French the Sunday-school. and priests are very Idren from attending Vorttliip. is given to music in ; devotional meetings, gelical hymn books in lection from "Gospel egational singing at At Walcrville there ood music o<" this char- for a people of musical : Romish Church pro- singing. The hymns :stant churches are to ; novelty. ;Iie Cimvertd, ; the Romish Church gious home from birth, r, as he has been told is salvation possible ; on all its riles and cer- )r nothing its ancient identify himself with a ry opposite of Roman- lost radical and revolu- see later on, it means :ution and perhaps pov- tic discoid. So far as 1 he has everything to ling to gain by such a ions of duty, therefore, ige. Hence, the con- verts generally are very decided Chiistians. Perhaps their earliest inclination is to denounce the church which so lontj deceived and kent them in ignorance of the truth as it is in Christ. This is natural. Then, too, as a missionary said: " It is often easier to get them out of Rome than to get Rome out of them." r I'edobiiptlHt Av(hiI(I have heard him otherwise. It was ou' privilege to be in Nashua, N. H., when he ua, there with the wagon, helping Bro. liiiei, in his work. A service was held in the afternoon and another in the evening. Two niglii^ before at the meeting the horse and wagon were stoned and CNcrcises seriously distuilicd by the Roman Catholics. The leading offender was arrested, convicted, fined and told by the justice that if the offence were repeated the penalty would be far more severe. This had a quieting effect. At the services m the evening there were present in the wagon, besides Bro. Leclaire, who made 32 TllE HOME MISSION MOMULY. \> the principal address, and liro. E. Legcr, who effectively led the sinking, Pastor IJricn, Pastor White, of the Anicricin church, Bro. Williams, three ladiis who assisted in singing, and my- self. As we reached the appointed place and paused under the incandescent lis^ht, the music began and several hymns were sung at the outset. The crowd quickly increased until nearly or c|uitc a thousand were assembled. An InterPHlInK AMneiiibly. They were mostly men, operatives from the mills. They were comparatively orderly and attentive as Bros. LeClaire, Williams and my- self addressed them. From a tenement-house near by a man blew several blasts from a horn to annoy us, but aside from this there was no disturbance. At the close of the service it was surprising to see the eagerness with which the people presseil forward to get the literature that was offered. Those outstretched and upturned hands, standing out against the black back- ground need at least two or three hundred on hand all the time for tegular and special demands. More and better tracts also ue greatly ner ded. It is hoped that some new ones will soon be brought out Funds are required (or their publication and dissemination. And especially is there needed a religious periodical in French that will bj a bond of union for our Baptist converts, imparting to them the facts about the work, indoctiinating them, and also informing others about our views. The Congregationalists have such a paper, toward the support of which their Mass- achusetts Board has made a liberal appropria- tion yearly. Our French Baptists have noth- ing of the kind. A number take " V A urn re," printed at Montreal. It is hoped that some- thing may be done soon to give them the needed periodical ; perhaps in connection with our French Baptist brethren in Canada. '■ The greatest need is a deeper conviction of our duty at this hour to this peculiar peopl>, who have been sent among us. It is gratifying to note the quickened interest of New England Baptists in this work as shown by the hearty co-operation of .some of the State Conventions, most largely that of Massachusetts. Unless New England arouses- itself to the gravity of the situation it will incur the penalties of neg- lect, as the deepening shadows of error that in Quebec have eclipsed Gospel truth, shall envelop the land of the Pilgrim and the Puritan, and its lustre shall become only a memory. We owe it to God, to our land, and especially to the people themselves to give them the truth that shall make them free indeed H. L. M. NOTE. The foregoing art clea f.om The Baptist Home MisBiou Monthly, December, 1893, were prepared by Dr. H. L. Morehouse, Field Secretaiy of the American Baptist Heme Mission Society, after a peraoualtour through New England and Canada iu the Summer and Fall of 18a3. Ttis pamphlet will be sent fret) to any desirhig it for themselves or tor others. Special contributions to this work are solic- ited. Read, reflect, give. The favorable time to press the work of evangelizing this people is NOW. i \\ m Wtukoop i Hallbxreck, Nbw Yokk.