IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 // 
 
 W 
 
 
 '■% 
 
 . ^ /> #5^ 
 
 A 
 
 y. 
 ^ 
 
 fc 
 ^ 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 |30 *^™ 
 
 ^ li" 12.0 
 
 |2.5 
 
 iii 
 
 1.8 
 
 IL25 III 1.4 llli 1.6 
 
 '71 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 /a 
 
 ^n 
 
 e. 
 
 
 V 
 
 /^ 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WcS MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, NY. 14580 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 
CIHM/ICMH 
 
 Microfiche 
 
 Series. 
 
 CIHM/ICMH 
 Collection de 
 microfiches. 
 
 Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques 
 
 i 
 
Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques 
 
 The Institute has attempted to obtain the best 
 original copy available for filming. Features of this 
 copy whicit may be bibliographicaily unique, 
 which may alter any of the images in the 
 reproduction, or which may significantly change 
 the usual method of filming, are checked below. 
 
 D 
 
 n 
 
 D 
 
 Coloured covers/ 
 Couverture de couleur 
 
 I I Covers damaged/ 
 
 Couverture endommagie 
 
 Covers restored and/or laminated/ 
 Couverture restaurie et/ou pelliculde 
 
 Cover title missing/ 
 
 Le titre de couverture manque 
 
 Coloured maps/ 
 
 Cartes g6ographiques en couleur 
 
 □ Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ 
 Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) 
 
 I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ 
 
 Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur 
 
 Bound with other material/ 
 ReliA avec d'autres documents 
 
 Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion 
 along interior margin/ 
 
 La reliure serrie peut causer de I'ombre ou de la 
 distortion le long de la marge intirieure 
 
 Blank leaves added during restoration may 
 appear within the text. Whenever possible, these 
 have been omitted from filming/ 
 II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajout^es 
 lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, 
 mais, lorsque cein itait possible, ces pages n'ont 
 pas 6t6 filmies. 
 
 L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire 
 qu'il iui a 6t6 possible de se procurer. Les details 
 de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-Atre uniques du 
 point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier 
 une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une 
 modification dans la mithode normale de fiimage 
 sont indiqu6s ci-dessous. 
 
 □ Coloured pages/ 
 Pages de couleur 
 
 □ Pages damaged/ 
 Pages endommag^es 
 
 I I Pages restored and/or laminated/ 
 
 n 
 
 Pages restaur6es et/ou pellicul6eL 
 
 Pages discoloured, stained or foxi 
 Pages d6color6es, tacheties ou piqu6es 
 
 Pages detached/ 
 Pages d^tachdes 
 
 Showthrough/ 
 Transparence 
 
 Quality of prir 
 
 Qualiti inigale de I'impression 
 
 Includes supplementary materi{ 
 Comprend du materiel suppl^mentaire 
 
 Only edition available/ 
 Seule Edition disponible 
 
 I I Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ 
 
 I I Pages detached/ 
 
 I I Showthrough/ 
 
 I I Quality of print varies/ 
 
 l~~1 Includes supplementary material/ 
 
 I I Only edition available/ 
 
 Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata 
 si.ps, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to 
 ensure the best possible image/ 
 Les pages totalement ou partiellement 
 obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, 
 etc., ont 4ti filmies i nouveau de fa9on d 
 obtenir la meiileure image possible. 
 
 Q 
 
 Additional comments:/ 
 Commentaires suppl^mentaires; 
 
 Filmed from a photoreproduction 
 
 This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ 
 
 Ce document est filrn^ au taux de reduction indiquA ci-dessous. 
 
 10X 14X 18X 22X 
 
 26X 
 
 30X 
 
 J. 
 
 12X 
 
 16X 
 
 aox 
 
 24X 
 
 28X 
 
 32X 
 
9 
 
 ktaiis 
 s du 
 lodifier 
 r une 
 Image 
 
 Th« copy fllmad hart hat baan raproducad thanks 
 to tha ganaroaity of: 
 
 Library Division 
 
 Provincial Archives of British Columbia 
 
 Tha imagaa appaaring hara ara tha baat q''ality 
 posaibia conaldaring tha condition and lagibility 
 of tha original copy and In kaaping with tha 
 filming contract apaclflcatlons. 
 
 Original coplas in printad paper covers are filmed 
 beginning with the front cover and ending on 
 the laat page with a printed or Illustrated Impres- 
 sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All 
 other original copies are filmed beginning on the 
 first page with a printad or illustrated impres- 
 sion, and ending on the last page with a printed 
 or Illustrated impression. 
 
 The last recorded frame on each microfiche 
 shall contain tha symbol — »■ (meaning "CON- 
 TINUED"!, or the symbol V (meaning "END"}, 
 whichever applies. 
 
 L'exemplaira filmA fut reproduit grAce A la 
 gAnirositt da: 
 
 Library Division 
 
 Provincial Archives of British Columbia 
 
 Las images suivantas ont AtA reproduites avec le 
 plus grand soin, compta tenu de la condition at 
 da la nattetA de rexemplaira filmA, et en 
 conformity avec les conditions du contrat de 
 filmage. 
 
 Les exemplalres orlginaux dont la couverture en 
 papier est imprimAe sont filmAs en commenpant 
 par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la 
 darnlAre page qui comporte une empreinte 
 d'Impression ou d'lllustratlon, soit par le second 
 plat, salon le cas. Tous las autres exemplaires 
 origlnaux sont filmis en commen^ant par la 
 premiere page qui comporte une empreinte 
 d'Impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par 
 la derniire page qui comporte une telle 
 empreinte. 
 
 Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la 
 derniAre image de cheque microfiche, selon le 
 cas: le symbole -^> signifie "A SUIVRE", le 
 symbols V signifie "FIN". 
 
 Meps, pistes, charts, etc.. may be filmed at 
 different reduction ratios. Those too large to be 
 entirely included in one exposure are filmed 
 beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to 
 right and top to bottom, as many frames as 
 required. The following diagrams illustrate the 
 method: 
 
 Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre 
 film^u A des taux de reduction diffirents. 
 Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre 
 reproduit en un seul clich6, il est film* i partir 
 da Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite, 
 et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre 
 d'images nicessaire. Les diagrammes suivants 
 lllustrent la m^thode. 
 
 irrata 
 to 
 
 pelure, 
 n d 
 
 D 
 
 32X 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 S 
 
 6 
 

 THE 
 
 Canadian Mac; a/ ink 
 
 VOL II. 
 
 FEEI?.-Lr^I^Y. 1094. 
 
 N.. I 
 
 JWih AMh^KICAN INDIAN ; VVHAI AM) WIlloNCh 
 
 IIV .KpIIN I AMI'lihr.I,, I.1..I),, r 1; > '■ 
 
 Sl.Nt.'K tliH iliHcovcry ul' this CKiitiiit'iit. 
 ill'' Ameiicdti Iii'liiiii lias licen m shIi- 
 ji'ct. of tal]iiiil();;i.a! stuily Militaiv 
 (Mlvfctitnrcr-', ami tlu' I'liKjiiirlcis ni 
 tlii'ir liii'iU, wrulc (li'-ii i|iti<)iis nf liim 
 M iMsiuiiaritvi iiMiiiiiilti'l to juipi 1 iiii'l 
 It) l)\e. piiritin^ pri-ss, i;rjimtiiar.s ati'l 
 vdcabulariis of his viirioiis toii;,'U(-< 
 Aiul enthn-^iaiiti, troiii the tiiiif <it' 
 Father l)iiraii, in the end of tin- -ix 
 ti.-enlh Cfntiir y, il>' i vim! him frmn Is- 
 r;i«l « Ten 'I'r-ihi's or sucli other ancient 
 stock as pJL'.iseii their fancy. A vol- 
 unit! woulil nut siiHico to .•-cL forth all 
 their tlioorici and the ari,Miiii(iit'' \<y 
 which fhoy sou^dit to justify them. 
 The Spanish ooloiii.st.s of Mttxico, and 
 MotaMy the ercleNiastic.i Hnionj^ them, 
 were ihe first to ijain nn expensive ne- 
 ijiiiiinlance with the many types pre- 
 sented by tlie lied Man, in ).'h\->iciil 
 Hppi'.uance, i('liL,'i"ii, cnltui" iinil 
 
 -p.e. h. Jedidi.ih .Molsi', A .N! , whose 
 f 1 1 nous II isfiifi/ 11/' A nil ri' ti,(>v (ieo^^ra- 
 pliN of the I'tMted Suites, was i,'iven 
 lo the world in \7>'J, contemled that 
 (lie ,\mer,caii-i were descended from 
 i!i.iM\ ditl'ieiit n.itions, innsmiieh :is 
 in .Mexico idoiie thirty live diH'ercnt 
 l,iii;^ini),'es hadheendiseovered. Tiavel- 
 
 ti^ and misMionarics.- Spanish ninl 
 PortiiL'oese in Central and Sonili.rn 
 
 Vnierica, Kreiieh and Knfilish in the 
 Noith, — \eaily added valnaMe I'lai,'- 
 incnts of inioiMiHti.ih eoncernini; the 
 
 «liori;,'ine^. In 17^-. < ' hi t de 1 Id.e- 
 lin finished his Miinl. I'mnilif', in 
 whirh he iiistitiitiil a comiiaiison Ke- 
 iwriMi tin; liiiiL:na),'r>i (if til'- New 
 Woildand lhe()ld, willioiit ;inv -:it 
 iHliietoi y irsiilt This was toljow. d in 
 ITi'V \<\ ]',. Smitli M.art.Mis \, ir ]';,,,■< 
 
 "I llir I Irii/I I, nflhr I nhi ^ n inl Xilhrnis 
 o/'yl mi /'ii i(. piililjshed in I'liiladelphia 
 Marly in the pieseni ci'ntur\ apiM ai..! 
 two impoita.it woik^, l)r. I'liehaids 
 /7( '/■./.((/ Uixlnii/ 0/ Minil.ihil, niel 
 
 AdelunL,'\ Milh.'iihit, < Thi- ti|,t of 
 tliesi- IS the foundation of iiiodein 
 liiioks on physical etljnolo;_'v in the 
 Kriijlisli lii!i;^Mia^'e 'i'he sec'irid, which 
 del ives its naiii'- from Mithridate^ \ I. 
 Kin^ of Puiitiis, why is repotted to 
 have spiikeii tweiil\ two lan;,'na;,'es, 
 i,'is>s a view of ail the known i.iii 
 i.'llii'_;e , of f he WoiM, iind Mliioii^' ihrm 
 of those of North and South Aiii'licn. 
 Vater, of Iierliii, and liaii'i, of I'aiii, 
 followed u|i the .1/ 17 A /•)'/■(/' )t with simi- 
 lar woiks. Then the scientific sliid\- 
 of our ahorit;ines frtiily lie^'iin While 
 till' artist t'atlin was tiavellin;,' anion;; 
 the Indians of the llnitcd States, 
 paintin_' their poiliaits and colleiliiii,' 
 their iiadiliom, and while Samuel 
 I)rake wnsnmasiin^ the materials for 
 
 his /?loi, / riyiA y 'Iik/ lli'lnry nflhr Iti 
 
 1/0; 1(1 (>/' ,\i rth Aiiirritii. live eminejit 
 workers III the firlil of Aiiieri''an elli- 
 nolo;,rj appeaicj, hiiponcean aii'l 
 
 f ♦ 
 
 
 ^4 
 
 1 
 
 U 
 
 
 1 ' 
 
 *- „ 
 
 t*i 
 
 ri* , V 
 
 t 
 
 .,' •> 
 
 J 
 
 1 
 
 "4 
 
 •a 
 
 1^-4 
 
 
 ■^^c 
 
r 
 
 Mr\ 
 
 I 
 
 '.J 
 
 n^p!. 
 
 ^.A- .m 
 
'W4'\, 
 
 I hit: (,i.v.i/>/.h\ MAi, i/jyi-:. 
 
 
 \ 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 |H l|l<i_'ii\ , (lallaliii, Scho'lciatl aii'l 
 Miili'. I'lie--' ail' till' |ii'i?\i'ci ' of 
 II ml. 'Ill siiiMititii- ii --i .iicli niiKiii',' ill'' 
 
 IIMti\i' llll'i'-. of AllliTll-k, Hill Mill' cil 
 ih.-r, Ml. llolUti.) Illllc, (.r I 'lintiill, 
 
 Ont., -!irvivc^ miiiiii_' us, an IuiikiU'I 
 ti'li'.vv di'llii' li'iiyil >iMii'iy uf ( '.iiiii'l.i. 
 HtMlly VMliifiil" ii.Mii^i'^ <'ii ill,' 
 Aiiiii ii'itii liiiiiiiii, 111-. Iiii^iiii.'i , t'lilk 
 li'ii', iiiaiiii'is itiil cii^liiiii-,, Hill ail 
 tiijiiiti's, liavi' |M->^i'l l'i'\iiii(l llii- 
 raiii,'t' of liiiii'iii'iU A >|M'('iai lua^ia- 
 /iiif, Till' A nil n<' II A I'l iijii'i ri'i II lias 
 (jrvoti'l it -. |ia_'i"- ii tiiiii. Ill' --liiiii's 
 ill till' ,iiitlii'0|>iilu:;i('.il i|i'|>ai I Mii'lit nl 
 
 Till .\iH'iii\iii .\iil II I III isi riio Hill • 
 
 I'HII 111 Ktlll|ol();.'y, lllllll'l' till' Slllltll 
 
 soiiimi lii>-titiilioM at \Va'4liiiiL;l'iii, piili- 
 li-lir-i aiiiiiiailN laiL''' v.iiiiiiu'N, jii .it'ii^i'- 
 ly illii-^'. latrl, ilraliiiL,' witli liiiii, uii'l 
 Willi liiiii uliiiii'. ( )t lni li.Mjks liai'lly 
 iiif'iior ill M]i|)i'aia!H'r, Hi'' tl">-i«' i-ii- 
 ntli'l (.'III ' rihiitioi'-^ lo S'irtli Ahfi-i- 
 • lit l!lh II iliKjii. lllllll'l till' a'f<|'i('i's 
 of tlu! I . >>. ( iiii_'ia|lii(al ami <ii'ii- 
 
 I.PLfical Siiivi-y iif till' K'M'ky Moim- 
 
 tillll ll'';:iiill Ml llllli'll ItaliriMl't, 
 lit Sail I'laiK'i-^i'o, lia- inoilnci'il i most 
 ilaliiii.it'' work on I'lu Siii" ■ liin^ 
 lit tin I'n 'III- Stn'i ■ In I'm IS il.cK' 
 i.s a Noi'ictv 'loin.,' j^oo.l v\oik, riititU'd 
 till' Soci'tr Aiiu'i icaiii'' if |- raiii'i. aii'l, 
 iiii'li'i il^ (.i).;aiii/ati(iii, tlii'ii' h IkM 
 aiitiiiallv , in ililli'iiiit ' iiii'^ ol i'Iiiri>(u', 
 a ( '. .ii:;i ''^ I ill ci national ilr-' Aliii'i naii- 
 isii-., ulioai'' now on a jiar witli tin- 
 di.:''' t'aiiiou- t 'i ii nlali^l^. Lil'luwi^-'s 
 l.it, i,ii I ri III A III ii'iiii A^' ii'iiji ii'il 
 ill i.iliiii'li H i-. l"'ili:,' -.ii|it;r>''.lL'il, NO far 
 a- N.aiii AiiMTii'a i^ i'onr''i nc'l, \>\ 
 flic I'oiiiplcti- l';t'lio;.,'ia|iliirs ol Mr. J. 
 < '. I'lllin.:. "t till' Aint'iiciM lliin'aii >! 
 l!i linoio;,'\ inclinliiiL.' liio-i- ot tlie lio 
 i|iioi.iii, .M;,'oiii|iuan. M U'-klioi."an, Si- 
 oiian, .Vi lia[ia.--iaii, I'lnnookin, Sali^- 
 liaii, aii'l 'iikini ' laii,ii :>;,'(■■-. Nor has 
 ( aiiaila iii'rii I'lir I'l'^iilc^ til'' mans 
 l''iiin'J li.'Hti>' - of Mr lloialio llali', 
 incliiilitiL; lii^ /r ./(/■..- l!.:iil. iif Rili^, 
 till' Fflu'li niis'-iolial H's. Iioiii lliL'tiiil'' 
 if l/alil'Hii in 17- ^. liavi' rniii'li''il our 
 tiii^cciit liteiainii' witli >.iii'li woikv a> 
 Mimrauli's lli^i'uif i/i s .'!'", (,(/(.>■ 
 
 I.aci)iiil'''ii ('rfr J>i tiDi'ii /, tile .\l- 
 
 j: 'll'{l|JI Hll'l lroiJII"i-> Slllllir> ot till' 
 
 .MiIm Cilo'i. tlio-af of I'.lit.tt oil till" 
 K>kiiiios an 1 tlir 'ruiiii'li Hiiil iiiaiiy 
 morn, ii|nally woi tliy ol nii'iitioii .sj.io 
 liy .tiiln witli ('iioij's Al'i'iiiijii I II 'r'nn/i- 
 ■>/!'( '• a|i|"'iii -■ I >r. I'atli'i -lon .N '■■"'Hav 'in 
 llic t'Minct llcolliiks of Ni'wfoiiiiil 
 laii'l, III I lit- tiaii-ai t ioiiv of till' lt'i\al 
 Sofiity. Till' li.'v A .S, Moiici', lii,.' 
 I'"atli'i P'tll'it, laki-i till' riiiic h 
 .XtliapascaiiN, or, a-- In? i-alis tlit-in, iIih 
 I'f^nr, f'li lii> tlieiii.'. ill tlic 'i'liiii'^af- 
 I ions of till' I 'atialiaii itixtiliilu. TIih 
 I '"million ( I 'Vi'i niiii'iit \\n> |ii|l'Ii^liri| 
 |)i-. Kiiii'l i liutiiinnr;^ III tin: Miciinir. 
 ami till! Collections of |)rs Tr.'lmie an-1 
 (ii'oifre |)ttWHoii oil the lixllaiis of J-iii- 
 ti^h ( 'uiiiiiihia, liavi- snn i.hi' lifjlit nn- 
 'hr ihc aiixjiii'e.i of tin; (leol o^n'al 
 Siirv.y of < '.iiiinla. In thi' latti'r tield, 
 hr Fia'iz liotti ha» luen woikin^f fijr 
 inuny yi'iirs in tln^ iiilijrt'hU of tliR Hrit- 
 isli .X'.^ori.ition. This Woi k has lately 
 I"-' II cai rit'il "11 hy !)i. ( 'lmin))''rlairi, 
 who^c iv|,ort on tli(> Kojteiiay InilianA 
 of So iili- wchlein Hritihh < 'olunihia is 
 wortliy to rank with his inono^^api) 
 on till' Mirt^is.sau'a.s of liakc f><'ii){og. 
 I»i. llojic ill Toioiito, ami lJr !5ryi'e 
 in U'iiiiii|pt'^, lia\tj lioiif a j^'reiit iIchI 
 ill till way of I'X ploriii;; anil »'Xci.-,Ht- 
 in^' III ancient ■•it''.s of alK>rijiiial lift-, 
 aii'l their example li;w Iteen followod 
 ly iiiany local anlii|uaiiuns, who have 
 conti iliiiteil to their collrctioilH. 'I'he 
 <)nt,iiio < ioveniineiit piililishiv, l)r. 
 
 li,)\l>'S lepoit-s ill ColiliiCtlon with the 
 ( 'aiia'li.in Insiitoto : th i^e of I )r. JJr^ cp 
 an I hiN rolha^'iiivi apj'i'ai in llic trari'* 
 ai'i.oiis of the .Maniioha tlistoiical and 
 >iieiilitic .Sociiiy, Arliik's of iiitt-rebt, 
 slati-tical, atitii|iiarian aiul linj.'iiistie, 
 \\n\ e a phu'i' in I he trun- ictioiis of the 
 Historical Society of (^m'liec anil ol 
 the Natural Hi-toiy Soi iety of Mont- 
 real, as well H.s in the ('anailian Prufia 
 ^.iti'la, or iiiis.sionary ina^ai/.ino of the 
 Koii.aii t'atlmlic (.'hurcli. It is thus 
 e\i.leiit that there is no lack of ma- 
 ti lial f 'I :;,iinin:,' an acijiiaintaiu e witli 
 the Imliiiii in all his varioiiK rela'ions. 
 In I '.iiiaila, we have ahoiit lUO.OOO 
 
i 
 
f 
 
 77//: AMI Kh .l.\ /.\/7. 1 \. 
 
 307 
 
 Fi\(iiaiix, lis against •JtiO.Oiid in tin' 
 I'nited Stdtt"-, ixc'InsiM' cf Aliivkii 
 riif IOO.OOOhiv vfiy fur Ikhii luiii:,' 
 lioriiogeriuoiis in jihysicul t'liiiriictciis- 
 lics, ciiltniL', laiiu'iiii^'e niui rclii^'imi. 
 'I'hey n'|irt'SPi>t a liii|,'<* iinmln'i of 
 trilx's, once n';,'ai<ii'(l lus fiiliri'iy dis- 
 tinct in ori^'iri, Imt now, fur nmii} 
 VfarH, I'lasHitipil tiy i'tluiolo<,'ist^ iiit'i 
 (groups IT fain I lieu. 
 
 Thi- two ;,'roiii>s with wliii-h ( 'ana 
 dians nrt> ^entTfilly faniiiiar art,' the 
 lii.sli^irifal JndiaiiM of rarly cDlunial 
 days, naiiirly, llic Alj.'nniiiiin-^ and tin- 
 lliirr)n-lr()<|ii(ii-i. I'lidii- tlic i^'iiutIc 
 mime Alt,'i)tii|uin aic fji'oupcd llicOjili- 
 licwas, or ('lii|ijii'was, tlio ('reus, ot 
 wlioin the Monla^jnui.s of the I,nwer 
 Si. Ijawrcnce are an otlslioot, the Mi^- 
 sissa;,'Hs, tlic Munceys, tlie Ahnnakis, 
 tlie Miciniirs. the extinct lleotliiks of 
 Ne\vfounilia;id, ami the lilacklfct of 
 the far weHt. 'I'h" !liir(>n-Iroi|uois 
 family eiiiliraces the six nations of the 
 iiiMinois.iindtiie M nruns, and with tlii'-c 
 .Mr. Hale haslat. ly elassi J tlw (Jlnio- 
 kces of the I iiited Slates, on [ler- 
 fictly li'gitiiiiati' phijoiojfical ;iroiiiids. 
 Tiie ( 'anadian LTroiip that follows next 
 in point of i|i(^'nity, if not in that of 
 tiuiiiher-i, is the Pakotan, or Sioiian.of 
 which the Assinihoins, whose name is 
 AlL,'oni|iiin, and the i>ukota.s, or Sioiiv 
 propel, are the chief C^Dadiari repie- 
 si-ntatives, although their trihes are 
 numerous across the bonier. 'I'hey 
 dwell aloni,' the tiaid;s of the Assini- 
 iiMine river. Noitli and west of 
 till- Western < "leo-i. I >.'ikotas and I'llaek- 
 Icrt, cxtiMcl till- lod;,'es ot the 'I'in- 
 iich or Atlia|ijiseans ii|i to the Arctic 
 I 111 ir, where they ari; the terror of the 
 l^kimo. west into Alaska, and Houth- 
 w "st into i'liti-h ( 'oliiniliia. I'hrir 
 Ihstkni'Uii tiiliis are the Chipwey- 
 aiis iinil .\tliiip.iscans proper, the (car- 
 riers, t'oppermines, Heavers, and D";,'- 
 lihs. hilt they are a family of many di- 
 visions, and their oflslndts are loiind 
 III ("alifoinia, and even in Mexico, 
 wliere the dre.ided Navaios and Apa- 
 che; still make their raids. Aloni: tin; 
 sterile shores of the northern ocean 
 
 ro\e the l-Nkiino. al'i a I'lnplr of 
 iiiau\ triiies, exlcndiii;,' Iroiii (Ireen- 
 laild in the east in tin.' .\siatic sia- 
 hourd if |lehrin:,'s Stiaiis in tin' west. 
 
 (Jut of our lO'i.oOd Indians, more 
 than ;ir),ti()(i iiie natives of Hiiiish Co 
 lumiiia, many of whose irihes arecom- 
 pai.itivtdy iiiiknown i'!\clusi\e of 
 the I iiiiieh, iheie iiie no (ewer than 
 ten I'andlies ol ahoi i.'ioes in the plo- 
 viiice. Tin re iire the Thliiikils, also 
 foiiiid ill .\l;iska, a lieiee people, who 
 iiiidei themselves more hidioii- iliiin 
 iiatuie made them liy the use ut' the 
 lip ornament , the maiitime liaidnsnf 
 (,lueen ( 'hailot;"'-J Island^ whose I'i- 
 jian features aie depicted in .Mi. 
 I'oole's hook Mil tlie^e islands, «hile 
 their I'oly iicsiiin like carvinL;s in wood 
 aie illiistiated in l)r. ( leori;!' I».iw- 
 -on's report up'ai the same ; the eipial- 
 ly maritime .\hi-, i,f the west cuiisi ot" 
 \ancou\er, v. ho loldly attack ilie 
 whali' , the 'I'shimsiaiis, lar north alon^ 
 the coast het Ween the Nils- and Skei iin 
 I ivi rs, w ho made war iipnii the 'I'hlink- 
 its in aiicii lit da\s; the Salish, lon^,' 
 known as I'lathcads a name moie a)i- 
 prii|iiijite to tht! Chinniiks, and wlei 
 are inlamlers. dwelling; east of the l''iii- 
 sei liver; the NiskwalHs in tlie soiith- 
 we.stern coimi I'f the jirovinie nf 
 whose lanena^e .\! 1 . ( leori.'e (iihlis has 
 furnislit d a veiy full voialiulary ; the 
 less known Kwakiools. Hilhoolas, and 
 Kawitsliins ; and tinally the Kooten- 
 avs. aiiotliei iidand jieople dwilliiiL; 
 under till' Iv'ocky Moiintnins, aloii;,' tlie 
 slimes of the l\ooteiiii\' and I "liimliia 
 river.s.wdio ha\e lately heeii de.seiiheil 
 liv Dr. ( 'liamheilnin. 'I'he Kocifi.miys 
 have a trailition that they came fioin 
 the cast siile of the mountains If 
 tlii.s le true, they must have Keen 
 driven westward hy their malcst east- 
 ern nei;,diliiiis, the iil.ieklecl. 
 
 It is verv amusing to read so-called 
 portraitmes of the .American liiilian 
 ha^cd upon very |iiiitial ohservation. 
 No .such portraiture could he jjiveii of 
 a 'ierman.an l'^n;,dishiiian, or a I'rcnch 
 man: neither can it he truly fiven of 
 an Indian. "" \S hen it is considereii 
 
 Pij'^ 
 
 *S'-» 
 
 V' - 
 
 UK' 
 
 '1 
 
 
 
 v 
 
 ¥' 
 
 ^ 
 
 i 
 

*v 
 
 JO« 
 
 Tim C \\.\ni\S M.\i..\/l.\f- 
 
 .•J 
 
 ■■I'i 
 
 that lii^ <'i)iupli'\i')ii is liarki-r tliHn 
 that i)f 11 lviio|Muii, Hiiil tlial hi-- hair 
 !•< iihiii-sl jiivariahl y ■(traii,'ht Hii'l hlHck, 
 th^r<! ih 110 (>th) r Icatui-e to h<I'1 that 
 apjilics to llic whdic raciv All pure- 
 hl.Kiiii'ii Tiiniiiiai) |ifopli's, that !•> to 
 say, Hut lni|n.Kiir()|»aii, nor Si'iiiitic, 
 all- more or lf->H .lark of ('oiiipU'xioii, 
 nu>\ liavi' itiaiLtlit hlack hair Such ii 
 thit\jic of till- Norihi-rn riiranianH 
 of Silit-riti, Corca, iiiid •lapiui, ami hiich 
 is thi! Malay I'.ilyiic.siaii of tiii- South. 
 Sonic I'f llicrii III tiliciiilly hli-ai'h aiiil 
 fii// (lii'ii' hail. I'lit l>N' natiMi' it is 
 .slr.iii^ht mill Ijlack. I'l .ifi>sor A il 
 Kceiie, ail authority in ctliiiolo{^y, 
 tliiiis a tlitlcicrii'i' in tliti laniiii;i<, or 
 iiiolfciilar hiiild of iiativt) Aiiicrii an 
 liaii, as C'liiipaic I with tliiit ol Aiiatic 
 'riiiaiiians, hut, until wr know iiiiironf 
 till' \a;,'aiiis uf (lie Ami liiuii rhiiiiilc, 
 Wi' will <lo well lo allacli liltli' iMijiort- 
 lini'i' to till-- iiiiciii'jcopir ilislilirtiiill. 
 Ih. Miutoii. tlu! laic Sii |),iiiit!l VViUoii, 
 iiii'l otli'-r ciiiiiii'iii lucii, have -.ou^ht 
 to locate th" Aiiici lean skull ai|i| liasc 
 failcil 'I'liclc III!' sliDil heaiU iiiii| 
 luiiL.' licati'', lioai slia]iC.| h.-als nnd Hat 
 Inuds liiii'iii,^ our aliiii i;,'inc.s, just as 
 there ail! all this W'>rlil over, m> that 
 ciaiii"lo:;\' ^'oc-, for next to iiolliiii;^. 
 
 >ir William !),iwsoii nparcs the 
 
 pahi'H'Msinic hknils uf ( 'r"iua_;iion, Kii- 
 >^[H, .Neaii'ii rthal, w ith that "f a Huron, 
 or Iro<|Uois fiom the nite of liocliclnj^a, 
 ami hii'ls tlie ancient Monlii:ilir m 
 capnhlo as iMiropiiiii |iiihisliiric men. 
 I, )iik at < 'atlin's laniKiis pi(;liiit'M uf 
 many Iinlian tyjics' I'iierc is the 
 sleek .\l;,'onipiin, iiiipassi c ofaspecl, 
 of oviil fact), and iiioiler.iti- stature 
 Till 11- is the lai'i^ui, iiiiii.' hiirly. hroad- 
 faccd .shaL'i> -hair'd lrM.|Uuis, ie-.eiii- 
 liliii;,' tiic II iiiliki; nun wl Mo.ih \vlioni 
 Pn'iMiah slew. 'I'lc'ic ii_'ain is tii-- 
 dandy warrior ot ilie 1 ),ihotas, over si\ 
 fcut in liei^dit, with hair so loiiy that 
 liu can set his heels upon it, with a faie 
 like II half iiionti. and with hi.s aipiil- 
 ine nose, as unlike either of the others 
 as well (i)ulil he The .si|UMt, Ljrin- 
 niii)^ ( lomunche a luiiice of horsi'iiieii, 
 H anotlier type . and the Napeolonic 
 
 chief i'eialeiharo of the I'awnueH , ami 
 tho liiave, hut fair woman like (>!«ccola 
 of the Seuiinoles 
 
 Their characterH are ditl'eiiMii T|ie 
 Stoic of the Wd'hii, till' man without 
 a tear, it the AI;jon>|iiin, ii Malay of 
 thff Malays, who will noi lake dm lil>- 
 erty of |iiittin;; his hand un his hioth- 
 er even to awake liiiii when dumber 
 tlireaieii.i. Tlieri! is nu iiiunor in that 
 man. iiut.HiM) the Aih ipa-^c.in, full of 
 fun, Iau;,dit(U', and kiiaxor}', or the 
 p ilite, courtly lliiion. ea^ui to he on 
 ^Dod terni>, « il Ii all the w(U Id . or the 
 spoi t hivin^^r ('jiortnw, wh > rovid.s in 
 lacrosHD and chun;^ke. There ia an 
 ilument of (;l(K>m and ciiieity in al 
 mi>8t if not all pa;^'aii reii^ioUK, which 
 hiiM heon iinpiirted theiin- into peculiar 
 fiiiiu-i of Christianity, and thiscdoiii'tnt 
 was nuisl iiiien.Mc uiii'.nj^ ilic Mexicana 
 cifohl ; jet the hijj. ;^M<jd-iiaturod Pat«- 
 :;(iiiian.s, until rei-ently, had no other 
 faiih. Kuw |KM>ple could \m mora 
 linlike than the once i ivilite<l i^uichu- 
 as and ( 'liihiliaH of reii and New 
 lii.inada u\i thu <<nu hami, und the 
 alwavM savH^'c Tupis and (luaranis of 
 liiM/il on the other Oiu) of the ntust 
 widely ^prcad ahuri^inal ntockA of 
 Mo.vico '\H tho Othoiui, whose n&uie 
 has pHs^co into a pmverh, HMdid thoHe 
 ofihi' lio-otianM in lirccce, and thd 
 AUIerites III i'hracu. ao that the luore 
 iiitellijjeiit Aztec calls a clumsy {hjisoq 
 ' as Hti.pid afl an Othomi." ( bateau - 
 Iriand s picture ot tlie Nat<li($a i.s 
 dniihtle^s ovenlrawn, I'Ut the wide ijif- 
 forcnce in culture hetwoen thuin and 
 the iici.,'nhorinj^ tnhes on the lower 
 Mi^sis.sijifii i.s i^'oneriilly concecled. 
 I'hat nomadic horteniao, the wild Na- 
 vajo, roain.s over the plains in the vio- 
 idity I if the wallccl towns or PueLlos 
 of the. civilized Zunis Kven within 
 the limits of one family marke<l difler- 
 eiice^ appear, so that Catlin imajjiaed 
 the fair and hoMpitahle Mandans, wlio 
 were iineipu vocal DakoUis, to Ikj de- 
 scendants of I'rinco Mudoc and his 
 W'ld.sh f( llowers Among the lluron- 
 lioijnois. the Onomla^'as were cultiva- 
 tors of the Hc)il, the Tionont«to.M, or 
 
////: l.\ni<li .1 \ /.V/>/.< \. 
 
 V") 
 
 'rnliAPCO IrnlniliM, Well! tlll'lcl'^, liml llir 
 
 Mohawks, Niiii|i|y warrifirs. 
 
 Siiiiilm vftiiity ii|i|ii HIS in ihciriirl^ 
 No rt'iimins of Blii.ti^iiiiil Mi'lutii-tiiu', 
 properly mt ch\M, nrc tuiiiid iimiiIi of 
 th»,' HtaU'M iif Ncvnila, I'Uili, iinilCil- 
 ciiiiln, ni>r in tlm States t'> tlir ^iiilli- 
 east of iliusf What arc I'oiiml thr(iii;;h- 
 oiit a ureat part of tlic re^;ion rlinti 
 tiitf of true riiiriH, nn- nioimils arliHii- 
 ally I'onstructr.l, niaiiy of wliich, 
 usimI an lomhs, i onUiiii a luiriiil (Iihiii- 
 her, genornlly built of lofjs Imt oica 
 nurially of Htoiie. In thc^t- chuinlwrs 
 «keli't<ins have U-en foiunl, along with 
 iinpl«>m«ntH of ston<» and co|i|mt. |K)t- 
 t*Ty,gi)!<l ami n)p|)erornani<Mitv pearls, 
 fnv^racnlR of native cloth Mnd spcci- 
 iDona of maize and other vcL't'tahlc 
 pro<lncl«. Sonip of the Ian • i )iitHis 
 m'oin U) have heon fortiticaiionit, iind 
 were prohahly iro\ "tl with pnlisAdfH 
 that have lon^ cruiiiMed into dust 
 But most of tho largo inonmls were 
 fQiinilatioim for an ancient woodtMi ar- 
 chitijoture that included templi><, roy- 
 al palaces, fortified camps, and rom- 
 niunal villajjos, Tlio penshalilc wood 
 has di«app<>nrcd in North Aineiicii, as 
 it has from t)ic nioiinds of Japan and 
 Siberia. 'I'he foundation mound is 
 Vk'ry wide-Nprcud and very aiicinnt, 
 haviin; itd orii;in, in all prolialiility. in 
 the country lietwon the Kupliriites 
 and the Nile. Krected almost univcr- 
 aally on thn modern alluvia of rivcrw, 
 thoy. of necessity, lielonjj to historic 
 time, and in America connot date 
 much mor»< than i\ tliousand yoarH in- 
 to the jiasl That the mound served 
 the doulili purpose of a jirecaution 
 ;iL,Minst iiiuiiilalion and a defeneo 
 n.'ainst ho-itile nttaeks, is not unlikely, 
 but, whatever the orii/iiml motive 
 may have heen, the election of those 
 structures seems to have liecomc a tra- 
 ditional eustom in native architect ure. 
 riiieo commonrementH of mound- 
 I'uildini; have heeii found ; the most 
 iiottheilv in Alaska, the second in 
 \ aiicnuvcr, and the third on thi^ hanks 
 of the Co'umhi.i in ()reKon. The route 
 of t)ie first or most nortliem mound 
 
 Driti 
 
 liiiildi I was sMiiihvvaid . 
 ColuniliiM 'I'liat of the sicoiid w:i» 
 castw/iid and acio--s ihi' Itocky Moun 
 tiiins. wliiie it sli'ick tin liiaiiihis 
 of the Siiskal hcwiin, and ^o passed 
 alorii; the shc.ies o( W'innipc;,', Hiid tie' 
 Niiialli r lake s ailjoiniiii.', to the copper 
 til Ids of Superior in Wiscmivin this 
 line of mound uirhitecttiie icaclieil it> 
 hi^{li' t northern di-selopiin lit, The 
 
 route i.f tlie thild line wn-^ alsoiast- 
 
 w ai d aloii;^' the I oi mill 'ill to the water 
 shed whence tlow the tl ihutail'M o^ 
 the Missouri, and hy way of thesi- to 
 the Mi .i dppi. Thence it divided, 
 ono hranch following the ',,'reat river 
 
 down to the (!llf oC Me.xico, !'ie 
 
 ot'icr keerun:^ to tic I Miio ami ciil'iin- 
 atiny in West \'irL'inia. Thei<! must, 
 liowcver, have hcfn many otf-'hoois, for 
 Home mounds liav e heen found in West- 
 ern Ontario, and i'ri. lessor ('viuh 
 Tlu'iiias, the ;,'ie.it authority o|ioii 
 
 these structures, in lijs ('f/^(/.„/l/»• af 
 I'rihlilorii 11 o/7iv /•Jii^l of lid' Karl, If 
 Mmniiiti II-', enumerates several thou- 
 sands oicupyini,' till area from < 'anaila 
 to Florida, and fiom Mas-iirhnsetts 
 westward to llakola Mexico also 
 h.xs its mounds, and the loiite of their 
 huilders can he followed thiouj,;h 
 t'enlial Aimrica. and far into the 
 Houthein part of tho continent. 
 
 In tho VM'stern part of N'oith 
 America, remains of ancient architec- 
 ture in Htone hc^rin t^o appear in the 
 States of Nevada, T'tali, and ( 'oloiado, 
 and thitnee extenil into Mexico and 
 Centnil Ameiica, finally culminalin;,' 
 in I'eiu. In the Western States, ami 
 ill northern Mevico, there uie in ad- 
 ilition to mounds, three clas-ii s of ar- 
 chitectural remains, — ( 'litrilvveilin;,'s, 
 I'ueldos, and ( 'asas (Jiandes In W y- 
 omiiifj anil < 'olorailo, the ( 'olorado 
 river lakes it- rise, and flows throii;^di 
 I'lah and Ari/omi into the Hull of 
 (.'alifiirnia. Tliis river and its many 
 trihutaiies may he termed under- 
 grouixl streams, as they flow thrf;i!i,'h 
 caiions, or deeji rocky valleys Li'tc 
 by little, durini; ancient ages, they 
 l)avi> worn their wav throu^di from 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 )4 
 
 \k- 
 
 fi^' 
 
 \ 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
i I 
 
 ^lO 
 
 y/^/. CAX.iniAN MM.A/.lXr 
 
 fciiir tu >i\, iiii'l Mrt)"'!' I'liwcil siivs, 
 III Mjiiir ia-e> ten. thi)U>.ilnl ti it i)l 
 rock, riiu olills thus civjitt'd on ritlu-r 
 -.I'ii' of till liViM^. ail' ii'il, as H nil'', 
 III') pi'iiiiuMilar, ipiit, (iwiii_' tu tlif vaiy- 
 iri^ li;ir.|iii's^ ul tin- luik iDinuitinii 
 iin' liii>kt!ii int.p liTi.icis, siiii.L'tinu's 
 of (Mil i.lriiilili' wiilih I'j} ill thoi' 
 
 alllKlst, IM.ll'l>l'-.sih|f Id Till 'I'-*, lIllVCII, it 
 
 ii siiid, ii\' s.ivai:!' I'tcs ami .-.iiiiilai 
 (riliu-^ of \\\'- r.(viii;4 I'.nlticii (amils', ii 
 now ixiiiKt or iiiii^'iatc'il laci' of (.'lill- 
 • Iwilli-rs look iffii'^'r I'li'-y iNU vt^il 
 
 liiiMi ilwrillli'^^ out ot tlM'ioi'k, like 
 tlif Kriiihs ol I'ltiii .iiid Mount II. n, 
 III I'oiiliiiL: to li,'ilii:iiii's ]>.(ia>iic, aiiil 
 fai'i'il linMii witli ilrtailiL'ii Idotks (if 
 ^itoln', Nliiiwiii;,' no .--inall arciiilectiiral 
 Mkill. Soiiio ol' tlir--i' lioiisCH an; t'i;;iit. 
 Ininiiii'.j ftMt aliO\'' tin- \alli-y love!, 
 ami iiiii^l liavi' liicn loaiin''! in |>art 
 by laililci 1. Intt'ii.'itiii.; ri'lics of jiot- 
 tiiy auil ollir niiiiiufact iiics liavo 
 l.iiii foiiiiil in tln'Mi. wliicli iiv tlieir 
 p'liuial cliaiarli'i ' laiiii i(>liitioii^lii|) 
 
 \\ Itll till' work of till' I'xistili:.' I'llt'lilo 
 i ii'lian-. 
 
 in till' ii|Mirt ol tlic lliiri'rtii of Mtli 
 iiolii^'v lit \\ a~iiiii::ion. foi I'^Sii -^T, i^ 
 an ilalioiatr tiiMti-c liv Mr Victor 
 Miml.l.tr, cnliiiiil 1 Si'i.hinf r„.i.'„ 
 
 A I'l !■ Ih . I I r , I, Til --ll l/l I, II I..I I'l'llnla. 
 
 Ill l.')+(l ( 'firoiiiiiio il. 'SCI ill,, I till' 
 M'Viii liiii"^ of I 'iliiiui, I'Ut itiil il ii'i'i'iit- 
 ly timy W'-ii' iiitiii'ly lo>i i^'iit u\, si 
 that llio lo^t I'ltics of ('ihola wi-H' n-- 
 ^'urli'las inytlis aixin to I'lrtto -^ At- 
 lantis iihl till' Aialiiaii (lanli'iis of 
 Aiiiii At hist thi'V have I'l-.-u foiinl, 
 witli iii:iii\ liiiiMin_'^ 111 a similar cliai- 
 uil'i. Nil M ilnli'li li'-.iys: — • 'I'ln; lo- 
 iiiaiM- "1 I'm-i'l" aicliitrcliiii' art- fomul 
 M'.ilti'inl oS'^r ih. 'i-ai-'K of sipiaii! 
 mili-^of '111- aii'l II- ion of till' -oiitli- 
 NVi'slirn jilati a'ls This \a>tait'ain- 
 I lu'h's till- iliaina;,'(' of tin- Uio I'rcco 
 I'll tln'ca-t, aii'l thnt of thr ( 'ojora'lo 
 on till' \v:>t.aiiii cvli'irls fii'iii ri'iitral 
 I'tali on thr iioitli, ii.'yonii ih. limits 
 (if I III' I nilcil Stales MMiiliwaiil, in 
 which iliii rtioii il- lioiinil.iriis an; still 
 iiiiili'lincil 'The 'li'srciiiliiiits of those 
 who, at various times, luiili these »toiie 
 
 vill»:;(-s are few in niiinher aiel iii- 
 hahil alioiil thirty j.u.Mos ilistriLuteii 
 irii ;,'ii!ai ly over part- of the n-^'ion 
 foiiiierly oeciipi'jiJ' Krom ilit!thiit\ 
 inhahittil piiehlos I'aiiu; the speciiiieiis 
 of ^nacefiil nUji iirinal potti ly tliat in 
 |Miblic aini iinvate collccf ion-, now 
 
 .lapall'' 
 
 |Miulic ainl iinvate coiicc 
 vies with Kiriisiaii aiel 
 ware 
 
 What is a |iiiclilo ( !,ileiail\ il i- 
 11 villa;,'!', hut. 111 reality, il is a walle.l 
 town of peculiar eon-ti ueii m. /iiin, 
 the typical piiehio, siliiateil in wesiein 
 New Mexico, i- liiiill upon a knoll 
 Covering,' lilieeii a<'ie-, ainI, aci'oi'liii;^ 
 to the late Mr Lewis M ii;;an, oine 
 cunlaineil live th'iiisanil iuliftbitaots 
 lis walls are not riistinct from it« 
 houses, so that it re^nihles Jerietiool 
 oM froui the housc wall of which 
 Jiahali let ilow'ii the Hfiieit into tho 
 open lii'lil I*i')f»-»f> .r Short's brief 
 <li'scri|iti"ii is, ' ih') town is biiilt in 
 lilocks, witli trrrK'O-shapeil houftts, 
 iisualh' three .stori»;s hiyh, in wliHi 
 the lowi-r --tories ilo hervice aa tin- 
 platform for those iniiiiediately fol- 
 iowiii;,' them. Access i.s olitaiuoil hv 
 means 'f lahlers nafhin;' to the roof 
 or terriioe furme'l upon tni' lirsf ^tory 
 of each o! the hoiitieH. The whole is 
 iliviifiil into four Kqtmtet., and llio 
 liiHise^ in each are continuously juiiied 
 t'c'ethi r Tiif bill! Iiri;; miterial uni 
 
 tiloyed is ht'iiK*. pliiAK-reti with mud. ' 
 "mail), t}ie Capias ( irandes, or '4i(jat 
 houses, are found in Ari/ona on the 
 'lila Hivi r, an<l in tlie .Mi'.xican piov- 
 ince of ( 'hiiiunhiia Thcv were r'liiis 
 when tlie Spaiiiiii Is discovered theiii. 
 and, of eoiiiste, are Hiieh to-day Ihey 
 wi-ri! Iiiiilt of hjoeks of adolie, or iin- 
 liiiint brick, nnd 'he lai„'e.st w«,s orig- 
 inally .'»<•(» feel ill leii;.th, hy ?"(> in 
 Widili, mid ')!» i:i h'>i(,'lit They con- 
 sisted nt tlnee or lour s'ories, with a 
 C'litral tower, or citaJ 'I, and weri* 
 (■\i Ifciitly rtilitieil castle", diri'eriii|^ 
 entirelv frmn ilie piiehlo. Theputtery 
 foind III them is s'jp.'rior to that of 
 Ml \ico piopei, altlii)uj,di one of their 
 liaililions bears the name of Monte- 
 /.iinia. 
 
 i i 
 

 THI: .\MI:Kir.\S ,\IUA\ 
 
 ii ! 
 
 t^* 
 
 'J'lierf aio Miiiii. Hticiont stoiif b:iii(l- Ndva Scot;;!, Imvc I.tii jir. n •'itici.l 
 in^fs in Mexico nl ;\ (iilicn'iii lyjic, f(ii;,'i'i ii's. 'I'liri,. i- im lniiit td tin- 
 such as tilt; i)\raiMi(l^ at 'rrluiaiiliiK'c, f(,llii'<^ and falM'li()o.|> of wliicli an >/ 
 tiiid the [lalacu at Mill;;, Imt moit of /■rinyi ih)LriiKil:st may ln' guilty. A- 
 the architecture of tlii; A/ti;cs «(•( ms to a limit, r of f.ict, tln'ic w.i-: not. in t|,,. 
 have l>«>fn ill wood. In tlir ai <'a ot thu I'liitcd Statics nor in < an. la. whm 
 Hiiastec-Maya (.^iiiclie laiiiily ot' \'iirii- fhu-c ^tuni'^ wcic ili^<ii\ ii id. tin- 
 tan, ' 'hiapss and tiiiatninala— fhiii' knowird;.'.' i ((lui^iti- to foiijy thi lu. 
 MIT many noi^h- nIohl' niins, iiKdi a- I'oi sni'h (oi:,'fi\- in\olv(d two lhiii:,'s: 
 thos*' <>i I'alfii'iiii . iiiinM cvldlritin:,' tiic on., an ;ir.|iiaintiiiifc witli tl,.- 
 |i-iiiarkahli' skill :n niasi.mv, ^' uip- antcri'di'iit iM'-cn|ii iMn- i.t .l;i|';ui ;>ihl 
 liirr and jiaiiitinrj, Theii aiialo;,'ii's S.iiitliri n .'-^li'i'i i.i . ilif otli.i.a kn.iw- 
 arc with KaNtiT Island and othiT !i'di,'c of tlii' Airkiiic .l.i|.;in.-i', \> i i(.li 
 I>oinls in fhi' F'aiific, f he ;,'t'n'iaKi\ Ir thry yndd \ili.n !■ d With >li'_dit 
 ofwhichran In' fraceil hark to .lav.i v.iiiiiti'in,, nii-iiiL,' lioni i .ide i\. i;i 
 and th<' Malay Ai(liipela;,'o an .i whole, fiuii, the ehiiaetirs 'il ihr •^lones iiidi 
 riie rie.Xt ^tolie area i> thatuf I'lril, eated a' i- I li'' >- iiii'' a- I Ir !-■■ 'pf .■inii''nt 
 whose cvclo(ieati hiiildinijs lia\e lM.(.>n .Ta|iaii iiiil d" ."^d n i.i In \iii.ii.;i .i^ 
 described liy Kivenj ancj 'I'^cliiidi. in the ( •!! U'oi |.i the iii-ei qit ion . w.ic 
 'I'hc-sp hiiiliiii;,'', challenL,diit.' coinp'ui- the woi k oi ,h i.ii.-ily . ;i-tr nl' -eiil"'^, 
 ■^on with those of aiieii-nt ( lie'cci-, are oii^inal'v IlieMlii^t^ Man\ iiivr^ti- 
 •-aiil to have hei'n the work not. of the ^.'i.tors uf Aiieririn .iiiti'iiiitii ^ have 
 
 ',>in'hua>, or niliiiL' t'ile, hu! of ih'' f"'iiid ti.o ' l^el lhl^nl "O thi^ en- 
 
 Ayiiiara-, who nl I lahuanaco, ni'ai iini';it in \.iiioii fi.iin^, and lia\c 
 
 Lake 'ritir.'ica set up .'in .\iiiiii(;iii a>kc>i| w 1|. nri. t In s i-.inie Tin- answr) 
 
 .'^t,f)iie|ien;,'e Like the Iii-.li giants is that they I'.iini- fi mi tlw I'lir.iiiian 
 
 dance and the erection of Wiltshire, it Kitn-., wle>. ,\y, 11. -d fi.iin linlia in tie" 
 
 is faille. I l.i have liecii s, t, up in a fifth (•'■niiiry ..f tie ( 'hi i^t lan .i.i. ear- 
 
 sin;,'l.' night hy an invidl.h' hand. All ri.d their liinhlhi-iiM tit-t to ili.> hunk-- 
 
 of thes.' hnildiiiLTS or.' found aecoiii- of lie' ^ eni>'i in Siln'iia tlii'i.'.' to 
 
 paiiied with works of nil. att.'.tiiiL,' .1 ('m.-a an! .Japan, and tinally, fiiiiii th.' 
 
 citisi.lerable d.'^ree of aliori;. iial cnl- ei;,dilli .■.■ntniy onwiirU. into .\ h,.'i i.'.'i. 
 
 ture, an.l, j'ven whin- the w.)."l. n .'ivil- It ni.iy he a'-k.'.l \\ hat ii.i.'.- ..I' 
 
 /.•iliiTi has disappi'ar.'d. as in l'an;>jna .lapaiuM' !anL.'iiai,'.' and .oliiir.- are 
 
 and New t Jrenada, the.'-e iiiinoi ii'Cords foim.l in this coiinti\ ' a \eiy peiti- 
 
 of eiiitiiii' ur.' still exhuiiied to he the neiit .pi.'sti.in, .unl on.', lli.i. f.n.., 
 
 • iinaiii'iii-. of mails iiiuseuins. In tin d.iiian.lini,' an ;iiiswer In ii'.j,'n.l ti 
 
 rep..rl ol till- I'iiimmh of l']thiioloL;\ for laiiLruaL''' tlial .xt.n-^i v.- taniily e.ill. d 
 
 l.S'^^I iS.'i hi W II llolineshasiinarti- the M nskh...,'i'aii. win. h .nil.iae.s ,1- 
 
 'leofinneh intcr.'st on A ucifiif Aitnf its ihi. f ni.nihei ^ th.' ( 'i.M.k. or Mnsk- 
 
 '''.' I' fill] II' I ,if ('III r'i'iiii . f^ilii hil'iii, ho.;.', tie- I'liMctaw. tie- ( 'hieka^ iw, 
 
 "liich will h.' a levflatioii to many an. I th.' S. inin..!.-, h:il ii-- -p.'.d\i'rs 
 
 I. .,1.1, -I- li.'eii hiiilid ill Asia iii'-t. a.j of Aliii'rica. 
 
 Iliu,'h as \\;i> tin' ei vili/.at ion of the won 1. 1 ha\ I'l.e.n alliii.iti'.l at on.-.' with 
 
 eaily .iweileis in .Mexico, Clitral th.' .lapaii.'se, the l.oo ( 'liooaii. aiil th.' 
 
 America an. 1 I'erii, it has heen assert". I .lialect . t' the pi.iple of the M.'ia-ro- 
 
 ovi'r and over a^aiii that they di.l n..t, .'"^hiiiiahs. In t'lanimai and in \..eal.ii- 
 
 possotvs the ait of writini,', save in th.' lary, the Mnskh.'U' an .iialeets ai.' -iiii- 
 
 rii.le pietoi,'raphie sta;,'e. < >n the ply liialect.s of .lajiancM'. The f.ilL.u 
 
 toiin.Iatioii of this(» /.rno i assumption, intr Inief eomparison of .some (.'hoetaw 
 
 sev.'ial inNirili.'il -tones, foiin.i in ami .lapainse words indhates the 
 
 iii.uiti.ls or ilsfwhert! in lowa.tthio, id. ntity of i.i.it Hti.l tie' .lialeetie \ at ia- 
 
 West \irj^ini.'i. Mrt><s,ichusetts and tmn of the t wo laiiL:iiHL;es 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 !| 
 
 t" 
 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 
 p.*'')**- j^ 
 
 it-^ 
 
 J 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 4 
 
 * 
 4 
 
■i^Jf- 
 
3'- 
 
 FHi (. I. vj />/.;. \ y \(.AZi\ii 
 
 ■\\ 
 
 it \y 
 c ■ 
 
 
 .(a|iaii('-t . 
 
 ( Jlim-taw. 
 
 Mmi. 
 
 hUo 
 
 Ifiltid 
 
 Wvv,- 
 
 illlil 
 
 /i iiiml.. 
 
 S:m.l 
 
 ■••unn 
 
 Hhinuf.-. 
 
 Di.v 
 
 nil' hi 
 
 nilhil,. 
 
 Mill 
 
 h .«// ( 
 
 Iiiliik 
 
 < Jrav-i 
 
 kuK'l 
 
 /. iisfinl. 
 
 Fiii;.-(r 
 
 l/lll'i 
 
 ihhid- fliaiiil) 
 
 lll.||<IW 
 
 1 lira 
 
 flml III . 
 
 'I ill- villi. iliiiii III tlic last csiiiaiilc !•< 
 iii'c )iiiitc 1 for \<y till- f ut tliiit. while 
 .lai'iitirsc has III) hrtttT 1 ('imctaw lia^ 
 11(1 I I'Ih- .Miiskhii:,'taii fiiiiiily \in> 
 [iic'-iM A 111 iiiiiii' |iiiii'ly tliaii any other 
 Aim I icaii slock tlie chis-^iiMl. or writ- 
 Uii, lanmia^'e u\ their unceslois ; Imt, 
 in >|>it4' of iiiiuiy vaiiatioii.s in ^raiu- 
 iiiiUical anil lexical tonus that Haiii<' 
 speeeh can be Iraeed in those of niiiii- 
 U'riess trilies from llif K-ikiiiio ot" tho 
 Antic t 'ircle to the l''iiej,'iaii^ olC'a|)e 
 IImi'ii In Asia, till.' Koriak ami 
 T iinktehi, the N'eniseian, \'ukiihii iaii 
 aiiil Kaiiiiehatilale aie clusscil with the 
 .l.ipHiiese, ajtliwii:;!; ilitle.riiit,' .is widely 
 tioiiiii ill ijii'ii [iic'^eiil foriii as any 
 Anil iic.iii iaii^ii.iu'O "f the class wliieh 
 
 I have naiiieil Khiiaii. The Tehuk- 
 tchi-- aiiii the < 'hoctaws. .i. i-- tIa'V 
 call theinselvi'--, Icliekto ale loallv 
 
 'lie tlilie, yet the l.ilii,'linL;e of the Si- 
 
 hi nan 'iiv i>i'iii i-- fai iiiore ili\ tiT^ent 
 from tlie .lijiaiu'se thani^ that of the 
 .\nieric.lll Ti'lnkto. ( 'oiieelMill;.' the 
 
 Tchukfeiiis aid Koiiak^, Mr. Keiinan. 
 Ill hi- li'iit Life ill Sil.i.'iia, sa}s thc\ 
 
 h.ai I lie cluiesl reseliil ija lice to ulir 
 
 Willi lii'li.ins 'I hi' hakoUi liears a 
 iiiiiililieij form of the Ti'hiiklclii nniiie. 
 aiiil i- I'f llie same laCc Nur are nili 
 Huron lioijiiois of ,ill\ other slurk 
 As the itiiliv iiliial N'eiiisi iati-'eall thetn- 
 selves hli'f, a 111 til. tliciih\ cl.iimiiiL; 
 alliaiic'- with tin .hqiiin-e //(.'o ami 
 
 Ch'iCtaw //'i//.//., so iille of tlieil chief 
 
 I I ilie- is th.it of the l\f nil I ■;■ ii;i. or tlint 
 ]ieii]i| ■, iMhl they ai" llie I Hi 'I hers, tar 
 relii.)\eil ol liie .Mohawks whose true 
 ti.iiiie I'- h'li II ii "I'l . the lliiil men. 
 .VMmki, the w.il ._'oil ot tie- Koriak- 
 allil the lelali'il .'^lln liali-, i> the tin 
 
 I oii-iroiiikH~ Aii-koiii, as WH- iiiiii- 
 
 tateil hy Mr. .1. Mackiutii.vh, in his 
 Ori'jiit tif the Ni'vlh Aiiiiricini In- 
 i/mi»i-, jiiihlisheil l.y W. ■! Coati s, in 
 'rorotiio, ill IS.'it.. Mr Mackintivsh's 
 hook, [uihiishe.l, like those of mnn\ 
 oii;,'iiial students, in aiUancc of his 
 a^e, is a p(;ileet the-aiirns of farts coii- 
 iiectiii^' part of our Indian ]io|iiiialion 
 with that ol SiliiMia. 
 
 'l"he mounds of Siheriu and .la|iaii, 
 and notahly the hiiiial inouud oi 
 chaiiiheieil t iimiihis, ale identical with 
 those of the American iiiininl huildeis. 
 From Siheriacainc the snow-shoe, the 
 hirch liaik I a not! and hid;;!', head and 
 i|iiill work, wainpiiiii iults and many 
 tilings looked upon as the peculiar 
 property of tlie American Indian The 
 editor of this ma;,'a/ine ha-s kindly 
 commiinicatoJ to nie tlit experience at 
 a laciossi! niaich in Montreal of two 
 straii'jeis, a Kienchman and a WekS- 
 man, who had just come from Ytjxfco 
 in .lapai:, and who, npver liavin^ s«on 
 iii'iiaiis, nor the ^'aine iKjfore, iti 
 Amerit a, recoi^ni/cd hoth as of Ja|«n- 
 cse i(ii;^in Martin Saner, in hi" 
 account of Hillin;,''s exploring expetii- 
 tion in I7h.'>, mentions a game of the 
 Iciiuktcliis of Ilehrinf^'u Stiait.s, whieh 
 he cotiiparci with that known a-- 
 I'lisoner's Mar.", and this may havt^ 
 liei'ii the Canadian national ^aine. 
 The Iia.snue« of the Pyrenees who are 
 
 11' iW ;,'eliciallv allowed to he IIIDkL 
 
 closely related to tht^ lro<|Uois, and 
 other Ixhitaii tribes in point of lan- 
 u'li i^'e, play lacrosse to tliu present 
 day. Aiu;ient folklore indicates that 
 the i^'ame is as old as the I'yramidK of 
 I'.irypt The illiisinoiii Hiimlioldt, in 
 Ills New World Htiidies, touiid many 
 ( 'Id World analosjies. Fn his Views of 
 Nature, he has compared the reli(;ion. 
 the ;roverniiient, and the circular tjold 
 plates that passerl for money, of the 
 I 'liilnhis of New (Jianada, with the 
 s.iiiie aiiiiiii^,' the Ja| aiic-.e. In the 
 ace Hint of ( "omiiiodore Ferry's expo- 
 dition to Japan, the astronomical 
 Hysteiii of the .lai^ani"-" is declared to 
 he identical with that of these Cliib- 
 clia--. Turniiij; to leliu'lon. it appeant 
 
 <n.i i 
 
t>l. 
 
Ill: .\MI:hH .l.\ l\/ /.l.\ 
 
 II.? 
 
 thiit, thf naliuiial reli^'ion of the 
 Japanese ,nd the n^lateil |ic(i]i|cs nf 
 SontliP I Asia, is Sintoism, a CorMi 
 tliiit thp iritriisi\i> piincijili'^ ,,f I'.inM- 
 histn nt;ver <'(^n(|iii'iei|. It is 1' ilvtiic 
 iMfii, tlnj wor-<)iij) iif maiiv t,'ii(U, m 
 'iivine anc-'Mtors, at tiie ln'ft'l cf wIkhii 
 >tan;'.s flic Sim It was very likelv 
 that tills wnr-hip .in;,'inat<,' I in K^'vpt, 
 where the rharanh- of old cilj.il thi'in- 
 sflvot Sons of the Sun. and wim thtTinc 
 tr.iiisfeni'd to India, in which thiifi 
 were S^lir and Lunar dynasties. (Iiir 
 ;,'rcat Ai<j()ii(]iiiii f.uuily never wm 
 shipped the lord of day, nnr did the 
 ci|'nilly extensive Huastec-Maya-(^iii- 
 che fiinuly of Ojntriii America, nor 
 the Mhaya-Ahipoiio family of the 
 Ciian <'haeo nf .South Anvrica. The 
 same miiy l)e saiil of many other 
 Indian i^roup-^ of trihcs, hoth icirtli ntid 
 wiuth. Hut the Hiiron-!rn(juiiis and 
 tlie I)akiitas wore .-.m-woisliipppis, 
 and Buch weie the Muskhoi^eans, the 
 Padiiras or Shosliotu'sc family, the 
 Pueblos, till' Sonora Indians of Mexico, 
 th«' Aztecs, the ( 'hihciiaH, thi' IVruvian 
 BTid the (.'hilcnos. All the t;rcat war- 
 like tribes of America are or were sini- 
 worshippers. The ancient Huron, Nat- 
 che/., ( 'hibclia, and F'eruviaii kin^s or 
 head chiefs were reverod as the Siiti's 
 (lescenilants. jnst us the I'liaroahs anij 
 the .lapanese monarrhs were More- 
 over, the Royal or Sniar family of Loo- 
 Chuo, a Japanese colony, were known 
 a~^ the An/.: t, a term coric^pondinL; to 
 that denofini^' the same ;,'ens In I'ciii, 
 namely thi! Iiioas. The resemblance 
 in Lj'oveiiiiiient indi atedby Ilmiiboldt 
 i'- that b\- two chiefs, the one sacted or 
 pri'silv. the other Heciihir oi' warlike 
 which no lonu'iM- obtains in .lapan, lail 
 which once rhai toterized manv Amer 
 ican communities, besides the ( 'hibchns 
 of New ( Iifuiada. 
 
 Man is natnrallv a historian, an cn- 
 • piirer into, and a chronicler of, the re 
 cords of the ]inst. History, whether 
 it be told in prose or in ver^e, cii;.M.'i\'ed 
 \tpoii a monument, or cnmmitted to 
 niemoi V, is the earliest foiiii of lit.<'r- 
 atiire Did oiii native Indintis piesei ve 
 
 any siicti iicokU' It ha^ ali^ady 
 appeared thiil the nioiiiid builders, 
 who-ic \M)ik alti'.st^ their kinship with 
 the former itdiabit.mts of .Sjln'iia and 
 •lapan, possessed and made intelli:.rent 
 ii^e of the Siberian al|'liabet, in rather, 
 it should b' said the Silieiiaii >ylla- 
 bai\', inasmiicli a-^ evei \ chaiactei de- 
 notes a simple syllaiile eiunposed i>f a 
 consonant and a vowel Vei y few 
 insii i|itioii-, ill this ehaiactei have 
 conie t(/ li:,dit, but it is not impiobable 
 that the tiinleis of others h.ive wi-^cly 
 kept silent i eonrdini; their discoveries, 
 which, in the pre i nt t' inper of 
 American arch;eoloirical ilo;,;iiuilism, 
 would o||l\ win for them the odious 
 reriroaeli of fori^'ciy. Those that have 
 Iieeri publi-hed reveal the fact that the 
 art of writiii<» with syllabic chaiaeters 
 existed as late as the thirlcriitli cen- 
 tury, hut, at the time of the .'Spanish 
 ('oni|ue^t, the .Mexicans weii' found 
 in tiic pO'-Se-,sion of an extensive 
 literature, nf whiidi many cndices oi- 
 manuscripts suivive The cliaiacteis 
 they in.ide n^e of weie Iiieii)j,d\ pliic 
 representation-, of pails ol the human 
 body, of anim.ds, birds, ve|;(table 
 forms and iiii]ilemeiits These were 
 not employed alphabet ical'y, as were 
 most oi' tile I'lLjyptiiin hieroj^'lyphics, 
 nor ideo^'iaphically, as were some of 
 the F]<,'yptian, and all of the ( 'hiiicsc ; 
 but syllabically. The Spanish mis- 
 Hiotiiiries nmsU'ied the Mexican system, 
 and made use of it in leaehint; their 
 (oiiveits tliepra\crs and other ollices 
 of the church. I'o write the tiist two 
 woid-i of the I'ater Noster, it beiiii,' 
 leniembercd that the .\ztec or Mexican 
 has no r, they used the hieM;_dy jiliies 
 
 till)). ."/('(". hllll'ltl thi. sldllf. A (hl'4 
 
 is jiiiiill 1 , iin Indian tiij, )inr)illi, and a 
 stone, /»//, iie\ eithelcHs these hierogly- 
 phics wcic not read as /"(/', litl ho'li 
 trll. hut as simple syllables of two 
 letters, jiiifr liiilf. Some ot the Az'ec 
 codices that have .sii ised are puzz- 
 ling; pictoi.Maphs of which Lord Kin.'s- 
 bol(iiij;Il and othels have ),'ivcii fanci- 
 ful interprelKl ions, but there should be 
 no ititficultj' in ilecipherinj; tlmse 
 
 ^~m 
 
 !;: 
 
 I' 
 
 !: 
 
 ;, 
 
 t 
 
 4 
 
 i 
 
 W-' 
 
 
5i» 
 
 Til' M \.U'/.I.\ M.\(;.\yiXH. 
 
 wiit|i-h ill til.' niiliimi \ 111 ri)^l\|'liii' 
 'I'll! |rt'ciiliai Ai!t<(; cuiiiIhiimiiou '/.hhjh 
 />•'/, a --tniu', I, fiitl H iii.iiiii'jim, '/.i'/«, 
 till ill, 1-^ iially not |nrii|iiii i.itliat Imi- 
 ;;iiii ■•'. for- it !-, fi.iiiiil ill till' ii.iitli' \M-i 
 t>lii |i)ilt^ iif ill.' Ciiiti'.j Mate."., ami 
 111 p III Siliciifi. all. I III till' I iinnisuv 
 < 111 I'lliipai iMiii w itli ii'lal.-.l illal.i'l> III 
 tli.'dl.l Wi.iMiUi.l I),.. N.vv.il l>l',iiiii.l 
 In l.i' an .•\|iiM|i.iH fi.i III.' - .nil. I ot llu; 
 iin>-.iii;,' I, iiii'l ul iiiirf ill. A/i..' t'all- 
 iillo ill.' ciit.'i^'.iiN' ..( ill' KliUill 
 lalli^llUL''^ 
 
 It is ■'.iraiiMii il,,it II,, i,iiiain- of 
 wiiiiiiL,' lia\.' I.c.'ii r.iiiii'l 11111..11:; il,.' 
 ciiliiiii.i I'd ii\ i.iir- will, all' -.ij.l I') 
 haw iicoi.leil i-vcnt-- liy iiii-aiis of 
 kimttiil (1)1. is calii'il ijii t f)ii,,!<. 'j'liut 
 ill' y III1I-.I iiiic' lia\i' |Mi--si'-.s. .| till' HI"! 
 i? |. lain tV. 111! ill.' lad iliat lli.ir nii,'i,i- 
 /./> .'I wis.' iii.ii cm 1 .■>!". ii.li'.l |iii'.i-.il V 
 
 1.1 till' II iin, r,iii,/ 11,^ HI ■.■111,.- cf ill.- 
 
 .\if\i.alis. Ill i',iiiial Ann Ilea, lli." 
 foiiMli ic^> lit' \ iiraiaii .iii'l I ■iiatriiialii, 
 
 till' ll'.lll. . Ill lli.^ Iil;,'lil\ (■|\ lll/,.'.| 
 Ilnasi.c Miya i,»iiii''i.' laiuiK, viciil..! 
 laiL'.' iMiiiili.i'. i.t' iiiaiiiisci ij.ls, tlic 
 liii:;.T liait ..I wliicli li-il in llu' lii,^ 
 
 iik.^ lln' l,..,l|,-, .,{■ I III |,,11~, ;l| ts III 
 
 I'.l'li.'^it-- tlii'iiiL;li ill.' ir, iiiii. Ills' 11- 
 /.'.il III I'.is'i ,|i l„iii'l.i aii'l lik-- 
 
 llllll.ll'l |i|. 'lulls 11,,' t'.'W c.ilu',-, 
 
 tli.il III \ i\ .• ai .' Ill fliiiia.l.^i ■^ siiiiiliir 
 t.i thus,' ~cill|'t iiinl '.u I nliillii. Ill -, al 
 r,il"li.jii. , I 'ii|i III, aiiij ( 'liiiluii ll/!i. 
 'I'lii'V all' lii.'i .i_'l\|,ii;.', aii'l lli.' 
 liH'i.'.:iy|.|iics arc piin-iv i.|.'.uni|'liic. 
 lliil.s (lifliiiiiL; I iitii.iy 11 1)111 ill. L;i.i|iliic 
 .s\ si. 'Ills .i|' ill.' A/.l.. s, ;i|,.i ill.- iii.inicl - 
 
 l.nil'lcis, 'I'll.- i-.i.lii'c liav.' II'. I I'l-i'ii 
 1 '-a. I, l.ni ill,' ii|'|i. -,- I iiiiicii iii.iri' 
 aiicii-iit iii-,|iiiiii. iital i.i-.-r-U '_;m Lick 
 hull- laillitn lliaii llic lui'LII" of tl,, 
 lill.'ciitli ..hliiiv, tclliiiL, til.- -I ,iy ..| 
 I I'l' I i--.- iif I !ic ( 'iM-lii.|iicl . iii|.ii. ii|i ,ii 
 lilt,' mills ot till ■• ..t til.' Ma\;isaii,| 
 <,Mii. h. s. Til.- lilci..-ly| 111, • .il ill.' 
 
 I Inastc. -.M.'iyii f.hiici.cs aic in. ^i n. ai l\ 
 akin t.) ill..-.' r.iiiii.l 111! Ka-t.T Islaii'l 
 in t III- S.iullii I II I'a.itic, w ill. Il ar.- 'ii- 
 piclc'l ill .nil- 1.1' l.a.l\ I{ia----\ ■> lH(..ks, 
 an. I ,'K,-\vli. 11', aid wlii.li hi. ('aiMll 
 (if ilic I', h 11. siaii .S')Cii'l\ ..I \c\v 
 
 /.I'll lull I I iir'sscs I.I lia\c lr«ii-Iat('.|. 
 Till' uiilv tv\() j^t'iiimic NVMli'ins lit 
 iltii'iciii wiitlli;; yet i'.iiiii.l in Aliicrii'a, 
 arc I lie kliiiiiii III its liicri);,'ly|iliii.' i.i 
 Mc\ic, III fi. rill, aii'l in its cnriiMit tn 
 iiKiini I l-iiillcr cliitracU'i . "ii ilic on.- 
 Iiaiiil, all. I ilic ('ciiiral Aimi icaii, ci 
 
 I I iiiisti'c - Maya - 'I'niclic s\sl''m ..I' 
 '_'i iiii|M'.| i.lciii;ra|ilil<' liiclu;,'l\ pl.'C.s uii 
 lie 111 her. 'I'licsc tWii s\ stems set 
 Imlli t\\.) la.lically (li.stiiict ;jiiiii]is of 
 laiinui.ics, lit which the I'.iiliiir claim-, 
 klii.lieil with .liiiiali an. I Ni.ilhcin 
 Asi.i, the latt.'i with l'..lyncsia aid 
 tlie .Malay A .('lii|icla;^.i. 
 
 Ali'iritji iml . I ((//(.(/> is till' title of a 
 loo little kii.iwii hutin.isi interest in;.: 
 little hunk, hy i 'r. !•. 'I. lit int. 111. of tli.' 
 I 'iiivci sily .if i'.'iiiisylvaiiia Ni.l.u.ly 
 in .\ni.'iiia lia- such a cnlh ci i.iii of 
 • 'ciili.il Aiii<*ri(.iM iiiitivc literalnio, or 
 kill. ws it as ho ilix's lli-i own vuluiiics 
 
 III ihe l.ihiaiy ol Ahnii^iiirtl .\iiipricnn 
 Liieratiiu'. entitle. I, Tin- ( li khiu Ifs ot 
 III! .1/..7.(.« Till- Aun'it.H I)/ III- Cui lii- 
 '/i"/". anil '//'( CiiiHiilif linllit 01 <iii«- 
 ■ ii'iitii. Willi. II in iho N ieaia^iiaii jiii- 
 ^'uii, aie e\ iiienccHuf his ( 'eiitial Aiiic- 
 inan sclmlai -hip, lilt oiio is sirjiri.sfil 
 t.i liii.l hiiii thu aiithi.i (it all.. tin r \<>\- 
 nine (if the selit's, iiaiiiely, Thr J.< ii<i})e 
 II ml till ir I.I fji ii'l", \iltll the full L«>Xl 
 and sv nil .-I . (if the Wiilimi Oliii.i or 
 llistdiy .it th. l)('lawarp.s. liithesHme 
 lit (if [iiihlic.itioiis ii|i|niai Mr. flule's 
 
 // ■■//'../>.• /;.-.;/ .-/ Iil>iH, illl'l Ml. <i*l- 
 
 -.-hi'l'- Miijiiiliiiii I.igi inlof ll't Cifrl-n, 
 'I'll.' Al.l'.' I'ra.s-eiii lie l!<iilili<iuiu'. ID 
 hi( III Jii, -./,>/ l/ii C i.Uuil Siilnni.s 
 
 "' Mi.iiiii mill (iiilr.il . 1 7(1' ri. 'I, rt.'- 
 
 f,'.- 1 . ,-i |i.it'.ct lililJll\ iif leXts, A/te<', 
 Ma\a. i^hiicli.- an. I t 'aclii(|iu'l texts 
 wiitt(ii I'V iiati\ I s, after ill.' c.in.iUfHt, 
 ill the I'lni I iji.aii charact.'i - they 11 ai 11- 
 (.1 liiiiii ih.'il .S|ittiiish tcwliers, hut 
 traii-l.ii.'.l III Rii at |fait from hicrni;!,) - 
 l'''iu' .iii.ii'.m- .'^til! aiKither ;;ri.at 
 -l.)i , -hiiiisc ct infdi Illation rcyaiilin:,' 
 ihi- ancient lileiatiire is f.)tiii(l in the 
 hi-t.>i leal .'i.llectMiirt (if Mr. Hiiheil Kali- 
 ci.'ft. I'll.' can lianlly think ihat<iar- 
 ('ila>s.i ainl Montesinos, witli tlioso who 
 fill iii-l.ci Ac'.-tii anil l-iipe-; with their 
 
 ^fe 
 
-^m 
 
 ■*■. 
 
 77//: JJ//' A7f ./.\- /.\/)/ I.V 
 
 .•^i; 
 
 
 iiKiteriHl for tin liistui v of I', in, ilc- 
 ^♦•n'l'il allMi.'"'tli<r ii|i()?i niciiKny loi 
 ttic-ii flints, iilllinM:;li the \['iilinii ilhiin 
 of tlic l)ilawMi.s ami iIih //'."y""'^ 
 It ink nf Ri'i - W(Ti', so far .-is is kiiDWii, 
 (irHt writtrri in Kuri)|ifaii clmi.icti i -, 
 lmvin){ Iti'cn |iit'vi(>iisly piiculiitr.l from 
 II nil I fi to fill. 01" sill 1 1 IV imtiiri' i^ all 
 ilii' .Viii'iiiMii li'i •atnre nitsi.li' of 
 .Mi\io(i aii'l tlif I'i'iii nil pHii of ilir r.m 
 liiii'iit. It is, i)f roiii^i., nliini,!, iiliip. 
 ^;itlii I III tin' -liaj.. of Colk lull', I. lit 
 
 li'w iirf Hw.irc liow fvtcnsn u iili- 
 
 niiifinal Tlk Imc is l'rnL,'iii<Mi ■. of it 
 
 :iH' iollll'l III tlic WliUllU's of < 'll.ll li'- 
 
 \oix, ( Htliii Kohl, I'owt II, CJnt>clni. 
 
 l>aWHOII, I llHIIli.rrlaill. ||| Itlllllnil- 
 
 lli-ro M'/ll-, mill sihiil.ii |Mil)licatioiis, 
 liiit it Is inw a liliiaiv I'itik iiml 
 o'lnis liMVi- toil I ilii> tales of tin l>'|i|i- 
 
 iiiiiiix , l''iiiol Hii'l Moriic, til" f 
 
 till' riiiinli ; Silioolciiift is tlir ant Imr- 
 ity oil tin- .\I.Miiii|iiiiis . Moi _Mii, .loliii 
 son, ami tin? Into .Mrs. I'liininii' Smiili, 
 on the Iniijiioi^ ; |)or.Mc\ an | Ki^"_;soii 
 t'l.' Dakotis, .Mattlii'W ^ liinl .■st-viii- 
 .'oii on llii; .\n\ji|i)- ( 'ii^^liiiii,' ami Mi» 
 .Slrvi-risoii on iliii /iiiiis loiiimll on 
 till' InHtktt'i'i . I iiiiil>ai' nmi < ii ininil on 
 fin Pawm iM . 1,1 iiimj ami Kiimi on tin' 
 Mii'inai - iiinl I'l iiolisrol ^; r.iiiiton mi 
 till .MiivM'*; Mii'lf on till Imli.iiiH ol 
 liiitish (Jiiiiiiia; II iiti' on tlio^i.- of tin' 
 Aiii:i/on : Marklniin on llm i'l'i ii\ iaiis, 
 iiri'l Ki> till' li.st nii^'lii ^o on iiiilrtiiiitcly 
 Our aliiiii:,jini',s linvi' spokun tliioui,'li 
 
 ill cllis :iii.l till' |irll . of nia|i\ l.'llioi I- 
 oii- ^tinlilits of iiiiiM\ laiiiU iiinl tln-il 
 sloi i.s, hk,. tlnisi' of ( )-sjaii, liin of I li" 
 ■lavs of oM. 
 
 .V -I'll I fi. .11 of iiliipi iL;iinil Aimiiiaii 
 (•1,1- ir- \Miiilii ill! Itnli- 111"' l{i>''l, "I 
 l\.l. - of \\.. lio.|i|oi. ; till' ll'-(/"/ii 
 illiiiii if till' I >fl.iu aii'S ; tlif Miiii'i- 
 <l,:ih,, , Lfij. ,,il of tllf ('irrks; lllr 
 
 M- II,, lit ( hiMiii, I, ^ of l.\tlil.\(M'liitl 
 ami Tii/ozoni'ii' ; tin' Miif/n C/nnnirlis, 
 or /<oo/,,so/ I'liihii) /i,ihiin, (he I'lfoi 
 
 r.'A of till' <,»i|ii'lirs; til.' Ili^/,'!-'/ lit 
 
 t'l,' (', 1, 1111/111 1 1, or Ml iiiDi in! ol 1 1 ('I'aii 
 Aiitlan; tin- Nicai ajjiinn CuVi^'i H'll- 
 lii 1)1' tJiifgiiciu-n, ami tin' I'.'iiivian 
 I'm,,, It of Ollniiliti/. In all of thfsi 
 
 llii' liMti\ I' iniml La r\|'ii'^ 'I it-i'lt, 
 ami it is \\i itli wliili; kmiwin,' svlmt 
 tlnil nalivi' niiml \v i> r,i|'alili' of I'oi 
 :i loii_' tiiin' till' Willi. I \v.'i'> III i.'iii.i 
 ancr .i| I III' 1 1 I'll nil's of t I'll ic li'i'i.i 
 
 llllr. I I Isll .111.1 I iiii'lir \\ rl ,ll .'III. I 
 
 t..'oini>li iiinl IW'rtoii It is not loin.^ 
 -iiii'.' till' I'iniii-li l\,il,t ■! 'il'i iiinl till' 
 K^tlioiii.in l\itli ii'i I ,,. I \\\\ mii:lii'iii 
 
 r|iii's, caillL' III ii'jlil. ."s,, al 1,1-1 11 1, 
 
 known ili.ii \n.. lica lia-i a iialiM' liti' 
 i.ii III I', a liii'i.'i' 111.' I li.il iii;i\ III' . .lllr I 
 n il'lr, llli'l .'It I mil's to l.ill ' 'lii'all I'.'il s 
 
 ^I•.ll^s.|lll', l.iit iliii i-lackin:,' milliri 
 ill llii.ii:;lit III. I 111 .li_'liily. Nor ai.' 
 iiiir ali.'i lu'i^n's Lit' );,'ii to tin liln il ui .■ 
 
 (il till- W.ll.l 'I lit' Llli'.lt.-t I t ..f till' 
 
 I Mill''! Stall , ill lil^ I tlili..|iiL;ir.ili\ 
 cnntii^.' I 'ill |ioi'ln'allv ciin-ist' nt ;iii.| 
 
 l||li'|l|.' //|.( ■' ''/..(.ll.'ls ili'all so|rl\ Willi 
 
 till' Kill Man . Iia.|ili..ii I'liati'au- 
 l.iiami, ill Ills .\'.''. A. . ,'in'l .Mai monlil 
 in liis ///. .(>, lia\ !■ I. Hill. I lii'n a till in_' 
 siilijict for ill' II |.i..-.' |i .l'nl■^ .\ii.l 111' 
 li;!-- Ill <'|.ir,;ill lii-..i\\ii, ill I I.I .1 r."o ./ ,'■( 
 ..I I'iirilla. \\ l.iili \'oltaii' |.la('i'.| I., -ill. 
 till' i'|.ic- of 1 loiiii'i aii.l \ il L;ii, of I iisso, 
 ( '.iiiiii. IIS, ,iml .Mill. 111. I i.iiil.tl.s . ilii' 
 aiillior of till' //' I,,',"!, , aiiM.iiis |.. 
 ',;i\c all L.'ii':il nations an i'|.ii'. I.y s.li'ii 
 iiiU' lliis .S|i:inisli |ii.i la, sojtrm .1 liis 
 own till'. Till' A riiii'ii II'' may l.ikr 
 its j.liii'i' Willi till' //I'lu'oc/.', aii'l \\ifli 
 Lilian's I'll,' in il til in tin' sn'oml i.n.k'. 
 Ancient ti'.Nis aro lieini; ilis.iA cii il eoii- 
 tinimlly in K;:ypt. m I'ali'stiin, in 
 A'-i.i Slim.i, on iIh' l.aiik> ..t tlie 
 l'iii|iliiali'^ ami ii^iis. 'Ilicn' is no 
 li'a>on wliv resiaii'li '-lionkl mil Iniiu' 
 to till' lii;lii .if ilay nion- aiUMeiit ilorii- 
 liielits tli.'in wi' y. I |i..ssess wiitli n l.\ 
 oiir iilioi i;^inis, iiialti ial- fm tin' coni- 
 iili'te liisiorv of man mi tin' .\nii i ieaii 
 I'ontin.'nt, wliicli eveiy tun' stinlein ..f 
 liiimatiily IniiLts to iia\i' In fore liiiii 
 
 Noltaiie -aiil lliiil as tin' Alnii^'liiy 
 nnnli' till' tlii's of .Vnieiica, llieie is no 
 rrasoii, wliv Hi' -limiM mil liave nimli' 
 the men also, ( ei lainly, I lure is no 
 reason, i' vrini i. 'mt si iintitic iiive.sti 
 1,'iition fiirnislii's many. 'I lie ''Volii- 
 tionist tiinls in tln' alis.'Pce of antlno- 
 ])oiil apes iiirilii- Amerieiiii eontii' nt 
 
 l»» " I 
 
 IT 
 
 '•H' 
 
 
 4 
 
 
^1 
 
il^ 
 
 //// ( .\\Ai>/.\:: u.K.A/tM 
 
 ttli hl;^lll 1. Ill I',. I ilillMli^' 1l> p(i|Mllu- 
 
 iiMii fjciiii ihi' i.l.l uiiilil. Till- ilililiiMl 
 
 HJlll|M)lc.|.l;>iM UI_MH > H.'llin>.t llll'tl.C 
 
 'iiv ol' Aiiii-iic an |>ioii(|i|.i-.iH friiiii On' 
 i|i<c(riiii' III till' iiiiit> III' (III' litiiiiiiii 
 raci', uii<l aMtlii(i|iMl(,^ists III (^iiinal l>c- 
 lifvi! in ilii' iiiiiiy iif tlif s|,cciis 'I'Ih' 
 
 llllKt llllltilllM |)|lll^llo;;|^t■, lill'l III) lll'li- 
 
 iwil (li\iisity I., tw.'ifh til)' jaii;,'uiij,'i s (,!' 
 tlic iwi( liiiiii^iilicn's Tilt' iiicliat'ojii- 
 t'l^t ijix'uvi'i^ nli'iililv lit (li'.-^i),'!! anil 
 iMcuiiiiii in till' wi.iK iif flic |ii(liis- 
 l> lie |Miiii|i'. i.r (lie cii,! ami llic iiln- 
 li^'ilii'S i.t till' Wi'sl. 'i'liici' inic-liiiii>, 
 llnli'fiiH', iclllilin, ijlli -itiiill-^ tlillt ll.lVr 
 
 aii'i'ailv liccnaiiswfit'd in pint, 'i'lic.'^i' 
 luv How iiifiny III i^rjii.'il stocks fm- 
 niHlii'il our Aini'i'ican |iii|iulMtion prior 
 to ihf aii|n'aiHnct' of llif rJM(i|M'aii, 
 wlnl 111 r Noi>;i'iiiaii iprS|iaiiiai il .' W'lici r 
 iliii tliey ronii' IVoin '. an<l Win re ijiil 
 tilt')' st'ltlr' In aiisuiT to ilii' (ii^i 
 i|nc'stion. it iiiay If ^anl that if u <• 
 kiicw till' lann^iiaL.'O'i of all our iilioii;,'i- 
 lu's, not onU in vi calailaiy, Imt aUo 
 in ;,'i;iiiiiii.itiral foiiiis,aiii| cuiilil a'-irrt 
 I lint noiii' I hi' I lii>t tin iidii'.'inal aJi. ccli, 
 a^ -o iiiaiiy l\iiiii|i(aii lln'iiaiw aii<l 
 
 ( 'ell-; |iH\T ilolli' wi' inliM :ln^Wl|■ it. 
 
 .\>- it is, till' i|iii' I inn laii oiil\- 111' 
 aiisuiTi'il api'i wMinatrly. W v know a 
 u'lcat many iiiilian laiiL;iia;,'i's in tin' 
 way iiiiliiateil. aiii| tlir.sr tali into two 
 u'lcnt 'li\ i--ion^ wliicli aii' loL,'i<'ali\' aiid 
 llu'lrj'^iii' ;^'laliiiiialirally ili^tinct. Tlic 
 olilinaiy iiM'li'i nf a Kniopian lan- 
 '_'iiaL;i', l'ji:,'li^li, I'Vcncli, (Iciiuan, 
 Latin or ( li'i'fk, calls a ci-rlain class it 
 woiils cjcnolinj,' iflation liy tin- nami' 
 yiCy >('-('/ tini. a III! lie iJocn su i i:,'lit 1 v, lie- 
 cansi' in the i'\ I'rwliiiiiiin:^ iiiajniiix ..f 
 ca-i s tlii'V .III- plari'il Krfon tlir wunl 
 tln'y ;,'iivciii \'i'ry rairly appi ai surh 
 ninsiruciiiais as t 111 l.iiin hifiim aii<i 
 h'Hiii, tilt' l'.li;.'li-li //" trinih iiLjI.t 
 ihi'iiiijl,^ an>i ' ill' < ill ii ail 
 
 " Norli li.irrlc I 1,1'lllilulli II |l ilnliil'lll. hi 
 Dlf \\ i-li ill I il. TKiii inl>;i'j.'i II, 
 
 Tlii'\ nil' lan- exceptions in all lielo 
 i'iiiiopi'an lani,'(i;ii,'« s liiit I he Saii-ciit, 
 till icfoie a woiil li iioiiuu' iilaiii . is a 
 picposition Now, il is a siiaii;.'e 
 
 tiling', yet trill', that (iI'iImiIiIv liaif t)it* 
 lan„'iia;,'es of the woi liMn not ii>f prt'iio- 
 ■iition.H, tliey cinploy won! (It'iiolin;,' 
 Illation, Imt they placo tliein after the 
 ;,'ovi'riiiil woiil. .i() tliat tliey am tio 
 inori' prepositions leil postpo4ilions 
 'lliis ilistincliiiii is as njil an tin Tower 
 of I'taliei Till' alieleiit l!_'\ptlaii alnl 
 tlie Semitic of I lialiiea aiel I'alestinc 
 Were |irepo'<itioiial lali'^na^es , the 
 Turanian, wlietlicr Aicailian. Siisiaii, 
 orilittite, Were ptistpo itionnl 'I'he 
 !'!;,'}■ pt ian, t lie AHsyiian, tin- ( 'ell, the 
 
 lMlliipi:ill, tlie I'lih llesiail. till' AI„'on- 
 
 i|uin, ami tlit- Maya ;.'ave, uml, so lai 
 a« tliey Hill vivc,lia\c yiveii proniineiico 
 III tlie lir.st place to the alistiact U;rin 
 or preposition. 'I'ho llittite.the Has()ii(', 
 the ilapHiU'se. tins lioi|Uois, itkI tht* 
 
 Aztec ;,'ivr ploniinellie to the coll- 
 
 cii'te term which is the won! governed. 
 'I'liis Kidic.il distinction in tlicunler of 
 thought riinMall through tin; system of 
 the respective (ougiies; liiit this is not 
 the place fill ti-aching eompoiative 
 _'iaiiimar. Acior'iinu' to this diht inction 
 the hi st known American languages 
 niiisi he I la-Milied 
 
 The hest known pn poHitiotial Ian 
 giiages in Aiiieiica are the liirgi' Algon- 
 ipiin family in the east of I 'aiiada and 
 the I 'lilted States, tin- iliiast«c- Maya- 
 '.'iiirhc famils' ill the east of Mexico 
 and ('intral America, and ih« Mhaya- 
 Ahipone family to the east of Chili in 
 South .\nieiica 'l"o tlie lin.'iHtcc faiii' 
 ily hilonged the now extinct aliori- 
 giiicsof the West India Islands. Why 
 are all these in the east ( Ihd they 
 come from the east tft Amuiica ' The 
 Miis\M r must he in the negative, for 
 the jieople spr.iking the.su lanLjnages 
 lia\i' tew atliiiities with the natives of 
 Afiicaoiof Kiirnpe. Their languages, 
 ill grammatK'al aiel veihal foi ins, art- 
 Malay rulymsinn, ainl siich are their 
 insular lie.iven their g'ids, their cn:a- 
 lii'ii myths, their trihal namea, their 
 I ill's, maiiiiors, customs, and their 
 1 haiactii I vi ntiirc to say that an 
 intelligiiit ToiiLra islander, familiar 
 with dialects would ha\e litt le trmihh; 
 ill imdei stiindiiig an Ahijione. Ihe 
 
 j'l:; 
 
rill: AMl.^li AS I\I)IW 
 
 v: 
 
 nrcliitcrtiiro Jiiiil rivili/.ation mI Vuc.i- 
 taii ami <Iuatoinala ronncct witli .Iiun 
 iiriil other isliiiuls of the M;ilay Archi 
 [lelat,'!) thr(Mit;h iIm: < '.'iiolirie, nri'l (lil 
 i)eit Islamls. Navi^^'iitors, .M,ii()iit.-ias, 
 ami l-iistcr Islati>ls, in all ol uhich 
 niiiiilnr work** aie found. A noithi.in 
 Mal.iy-I'ob ii»*siati roiito wus tlmt of 
 the LailrnncH.Murslialls.anil tlio Smnl 
 wich islaiiilH, whioli ai-io idniiiin le- 
 iiittins of ancii'iit ml I>ri\iii Kit'|p hv 
 rttC|) (Voiii till ir i'ilanij nfug's \\\ Iion 
 tile trilH'-., tlio i'iiiii,'iiintN tihiillv found 
 their way to the weslern shores of this 
 rontiniMit, whence tlusy weie. in tiirn'. 
 exfiolled by Htronijer warrior hawils 
 de^ceiidiiij^ fr<ini the north, who roni- 
 [(f-lled them to withdraw to the east- 
 ern p.irts which they H''"' iie(ii]is. 
 Their |>re-<ent [losition, tlniufoie, is the 
 result of disphiccrnent These Indians 
 ofin^nlai' derivation were not oii,;in- 
 .•lily scaljiers, nlthoilirh the AI:,'()n(|iinH 
 HiHjii learnecl that avatre uit. hiit were 
 deeapiiators like their Malay aneeslor-, 
 and HH the iJeothiks, the furthest dis 
 placed of all the A iu'oniiiiin tiiiie-^, 
 ciintiniied fo ho till the en<l. In the 
 prevalence of the lite of cir(;uin''isioii. 
 the use ol an intoxieant pi^jKired 
 like the III I'll ^ in the almost total ah- 
 aence of pottery ainoni,' the Hnastee- 
 Mayn <,)iii( lies, and in many similar 
 tliiiiL'-', they ditl'er from tli-: WMrriMl■^ 
 who de-tc'Tidecl from the !iorth to di'- 
 place them, and ai^ree with the inhahi- 
 tarits of l'olyiie-,ia The .M^'ompiin, 
 hy more infimati' cuiitMct with these 
 warrior tiilns, hecame, 11..11P or h vs, 
 Hssimilaii I to them in ciist miis and in 
 iirt>, yet all his atlinities are with the 
 peoples of Centiitl Ane'iiea and lli'' 
 < Jian ( 'iiai.'o 
 
 Alreiid\- !i larye nniiil m- of IndKin 
 tiiiies li;i\f liei^n associated with the 
 •hipaiie'.e family of noi th-casiei n Asia, 
 throiiirli tjieii postpositional --uitax, 
 their vo. ahnlai V, ti ihal nanies, wor'-hip, 
 ;,'overn;nent and arts. The only Asi. 
 tie works thai -.hed any liirht npon t.e- 
 cause of their miu'iation, aiethos.- ot 
 Japan primariU , and secondurdv.tho" 
 of I'oren an I < liina. I'lie hrief mon- 
 
 umental records o!" Mheii.i and iJiid- 
 dhi^i liiiliaaUoafloid inf.irmatioti. It 
 apjieais tha' lioiii ihe time m:>iked 111 
 Muro])e l.y ihe irniptioll ot' the lur- 
 
 harians, that is, in the Huh ('litistian 
 L'eiiiury.theio was aconstniitp, sHiiieof 
 wailik.' tiihes, expelled from j'eisiaand 
 India, upon thos,- that liad previously 
 mi;.'iateii into ( 'eiitial Am.i. Tlie,'e 
 lattei weie driMii in tliiee direciions, 
 north, into Silieiia, .a-t, itito (Jhiiiii, 
 :'.nd\\e>t into Iviiojie, wleit, aiiiijn:,' 
 other names the\ were ,>iii.\vii tis 
 Hulls lOel Avars. When the lattel 
 were e.\p. died tl.Ull I'JllOpe, ihi \ piess- 
 
 ed in succeeding,' waves upon their 
 Asiatic kiiisiiHii, uniil a lari,'e hody of 
 them.known til the ( diiiiese and ( 'orean 
 histoiiaiis as the K hitan. took posses- 
 sion of till- ' liill'Se Klliplie and ruled 
 tlieie, the t 'hllii-e s,i\ . fi'Mii li.t'oie the 
 middle of the tenth cenliiiy till 1 IJ:>. 
 The (Jhilie-e dale is WIOIMJ, tor the 
 
 Coiean hist, u i, Ills stale that the Khi 
 tan were in p"ssi--ii,ii ol' I,ia"ii- Tiiiil,' 
 in ii'ithirii I 'hiiia hitweiii i'"^)- and 
 tiMI, and thai they invaded » -i.a. 
 Thedatvil Ihiddhist inscriptions of I lie 
 Khitaii, in Silieiia, raiiLje fioiii Htll to 
 7M- A |) The M. ..ican histoiiuns 
 
 al-o place the he^innnieof 'oltee sov- 
 eieieiity in 717 A. I), .and tli-' ■iated 
 Moiind-r>nillii inscriptions _'o hacl; to 
 the ei;,dith ci Tituiy. ( '01 can and .lap 
 ane-e historv aie lull of the stoiy of 
 successive invasiijiis, levoltsot various 
 t.nhcs.and hanisi meiits such a^ led to 
 the pi'ojilini,' of the l.ool Imi Islands, 
 and the Meia co-Shi malls |.et vveeli them 
 and Koimosii, do these -III eessive ex- 
 pulsions, not of I'ai hariaiis hut of ei\ - 
 ili/"i| waiiiors, possessiicj war junks 
 of cunsidelllhle si/|., I.elorii.' the (dvil- 
 
 i/i'd K hit. an of Aimi km, iucliidiiiL,' t' e 
 I'enivians. the MeMcaiis and the 
 Mound Hu ill his. ( )tlier less Inst 01 iial 
 waxes of p)|iula'iim came, as the le- 
 cords i'l the (leeks and ('liocta«s 
 denote, li\ way of Ivamtsihalka and 
 the .\leiitian Islamls 
 
 When tlio Khltan landed on the 
 .Vlexii in coast thev found it aiieady 
 occupied U^ the lliiastee-Ma_\ a-<^;u( he 
 
 i 
 
 '> ,'■ : 
 
 •V. • ^ 
 
 ^ I 
 
 !'i. 
 
 t 
 
\ • 
 
 fi 1 
 
 n 
 
 .11!^ 
 
 7///. ( ./*\". ;/'/.. 'A .1/ l(,.iZ/.\7 
 
 
 <I4 
 
 Kit I 
 
 it 1 1 
 
 
 ^(3 
 
 I 
 
 ;,t1 
 
 ft 
 
 rt I 
 
 '-4 
 
 I 
 
 ■1' 
 
 ■'li 
 
 '1 i 
 
 ■ i'i 
 
 .1' * 
 
 ' i 
 
 1 I 
 
 Jn-diilc*, wliuiii |iii-\ i.iii'' (li-Iiii l.aii Ti liowevri'.ti'i'iii the Sii.iTian iii'imiiii' Ills 
 
 111 --'nali-tM-tfi n A~>iH lia .1 'ii i\ .Mi toMa of .S;ii,''.tii. tli.it .Ih)'iiii~i' t-iiton m. .rs 
 
 ill tlii-ii I ii;,'!' Will I'lalii - Hiiu ! ii',' i> fill ii'tniN 'I'lii-i- iiM liiiiiii-nn »!•• 
 
 tliov ami tliLir i'i)n','eiifi.> 111 mill r |..ii I , liitti iJ Hi-'f A l).«liilr .i.-ipaiit'x' lii>- 
 
 (it till- riiiiliiitiit li;ul ttiii in (li> ii Im v I'l.i'c-- liiiii l.lwi uii >ill» aii'i .^'J.S, 
 
 Allirl ir.ill M-.iti, il is, ill t lie iiti-Mlicr i/' Ji ill ll't'l i lli r i it I'll Wt'i'll Hl7 Hill •>•"<> 
 
 [iii-JitiM' iiilni ni.il iuii lull ■! I'l su\ . \\r Si'ar.s Alluv^iii.; for llii' iiiiii the 
 
 lilll\ kiMiW, limu till- f.irt i.f I lii-il- ill^^ ilillc .)! r.llllr 'Inlii.)'-. i 111 In i'J I .111- H 1 In 
 
 lihlCrllM'lll li\ ill.' KlllllUI, thill tlii'V I l'.ll_;llt iliAVIi I la I'oillt lirlWi.-ll S-.{', 
 
 iiail |ili-iTilfil ill' 111 a^ ri.l''i.i-l- 11, !■ aii.i NJiM A. 1 >. This !■- -I ill lnnn' t ' u> 
 
 .Mala}ali liislni h--^ liu imt tril w iicii a iiliiniicil \ t-ai -. !■ d 'iltr to I'liul'l'' U-. 
 
 I'lialiiiiaiii^iii iiii'i liii'l'llii^iii 111 i|i'_'f.i'i III irfw;^hi/-- ill hiiii til'- (■I'loiii-t lit' 
 
 (■•1 lol Ills \irli' lilst I'lOll^llt illtii }>\n\ .M'XlCii, IHir i-^ ll, lui i-s>ai'\' In 'in -11, 
 
 iicra aii'l tlir, i-hiii'ls Irailin^' In M' 11^(1- loi l h.- lii-,t'>r\' ni I. «> < 'Ih'w ^l ili > that , 
 
 iHH « ai s iiii'l i'\|iul rial ii II. Thru- is iiii lii-, ai i i v a! in llii i>Hiii'ls, lie man K'll 
 
 ii'i tuii'i' lit I'ltlirr it tlir-i i-iii:ii^ ill' \i.iiiiL,'i'r -i^ti-i ot llii- Aii/.i wlinsu 
 
 aiimiii.' till' l'i)l\ iiisiaii-- til tlitiir Am aiH'istiir.s liinl rei^iitfil there sKiiie 
 
 uiK.'Mi ili'M'i'iiiliiiits, wliii'li is a ]iii«)l' llii.ii^aiiils of \ I'.irs. 
 
 tlilU tllrV illliil llli_'latfl ln'fi ir ill. -1 Till ll' i-- i-Vrry r viileliiM- I'liilll Mcxi- 
 
 \var-~ 111' ill i.'iiiisi'i'n-iiir ut ilniii Till' ( an lii^i ii v ihiit tlic Tultees canu. in 
 
 ('hiiiisr l'iii.lillii--t |'ili.'nni, I'alu 111, vcs-ri> tn till- \s-i'-l c.ia>t iif Mexico. 
 
 liclp-. 11- n liitl'' li\' '111- iiifui mat i')i: W'lii-ilirr il was they or tin; t liii-lii- 
 
 ih.lt, ill llir cxtliliir 'tl'l I't I In- I'irll 111 Im rs, liiivv li |il rsftllcT 1 iV lllf Slidshi)- 
 
 riiltni V. wll' 11 ■' ^'"1 III ■il"'>''' hi-- \ i--"''! Ii' sr, vjio I'nllll.l t llf Hill) li' 1 Ollll.lllis 
 
 inl.i.la\.i, 111' i I'l till' i'.laliiiiali-- ill aln.iiiy III )ii -M-.-isjun uf t liHt I'OUIll ly, 
 
 ^t 11.11" fiirt'i' w lull- I lie nli:;.iin 111' I'.iiil- is liat'i In ilttci iiiiiic, a.s tin' liis'iiriaHs 
 
 ill. a wii- ii"t 1 I iiii-i'l. I' I- sate, \\i'i.' im! ..f li.hi-,' tait of < 'liicliiiii. 0, 
 
 (,,,-i. f.,i,-, t., .a\' that 11 ■■ [ii'iimI '.f 1 \ .\/.li'r, .ir N;iliua ancestry. Tlies« 
 
 |,iil I,, I, «a- at Last as c.ii 1\' a- .'t'l' iHttrr iH' ili.' inoiinilT.iiiiiliT triLes, 
 
 All aii'l iiiii\ h HI' I 1 1 11 a I "iit'ii \, .11 lliat, |ir.'< I'l in |iiirt liy new iii\a«i'in,i 
 tuii.'ailiii H"'^ li'ii.: ll t'Mik till- .1 ill'- mi,'iuti)r\ Khitan, were driven 
 
 Mala\' l'"ivii' -'ill iiiii_'iaiii - tn i.'iii'li smiiti ,iii.| \V'-.t wnril, until, t;Rtliiiiiiff 
 
 llic '.\iii.i 1. an -l.'iir-' 1-. il 'I'Hs'iiii 'I I I'liu'lli, t lii'V ii\ lili-aine tlie Toltecs in 
 
 w liicli III'' M i\ H :iii ' 'v'iii'lii' 'I'lCiimeiil > Itiil'J all. i a ■-ii|.|i ii uty nt'aliuust tliiH-* 
 
 ,|,i I,,,. ,iii-',\.i 1 111 .' .'X ll , till' 111 ■! i.iiii.lii'il .iirl tiii\ v.'.ir.s, /till] ilinve 
 
 inva.ii'i-- li-iu N"iili.iii A-iit '•! Ill- thi'iii iiiiii till' siiiitli, tliiii' t<< iliHplaee 
 
 I'lijU'li iiii'iii til' 111 \\'i' t-'' Ti'lii'i-^, tnlies "t iiisul.'r ili'rivatiiyii. 'i'u fol- 
 
 wli I a('r"Mii'r.' '" M'^i'iHi lil-'li'l^ !''''■ illilln- v,iri<i!i - wiivi"- .if ri)nt.juc«t 
 
 ,„.,,HII t K. il .i\ill.''i Am. '111. ill ' ■ 1st ali'l liil_'i at ii'li Wuill'i I'l' ,l rlea^lliy 
 
 (1, I'l' 111 717 .\ I' ll' l"ii:.' til' Ti'lt'f- i.isk. I'lii niic tar l.m luii^,' for the 
 
 „■,.,,. :.v;..ili',| I'l ihr -'luli 1\ ill. 'II limit- of ll iiia^Hzmo itrtirlu. Suttice 
 
 Kllltaii hii'thr. 11 t!..' < IlichiiiU'.'- iiihI Li >a\- that. l(in)lli:h the trouliletl 
 
 V/lii- .iii'l 111 ' hat ^.iiiir \ ' 11 I'l'i'iviali liU'ilir U:,'!?'^, siu'ii « rn .s f.illijvvi .1 in 
 
 iii,,i,,,ii li\ 1. -.ii't to hftM h. .:iin. 11 ■ ra| i'l -.ht' --i.ii, until at l'ii;;tli ilitj 
 
 Tnlli'i'- 111'' "ll till- a' '''lUiit -ii[.|' •-' '1 t'l 41. at wan l"l tlilics fri.lil Aia.skil 
 
 l„. ill, ,.,|||, 1 ,(•.' a- ih'' l'''''ii\ laii- all I'lmii'il ihiwii ii|ii.ii the iiinUiiii-huil'lerH 
 
 ,.f \v ho-' ,i!!.iiiti. - \vi I. with ll.' ):■'"[ li'' whii I' iiiaiiH-'U- lir'-t th.> M uskh'l^'l aiis. 
 
 ,,) ,j ,. I.iii, ( 'lou Ulaii'i-. Till' .l.iMiii- then til. I Im "ii-Jriii|Uiii^ unii t'h.io- 
 
 , ., .|,|,| I.,,,, I h'l an l,'->t'iiirs i.'liite I,' I"-, aii'l tiiiail)- tli.' I )!!ki)tii.s. .s weeii- 
 
 th.it r.tiiK' T nil', '■<■ leliliifii'' ii\.il in;,' t h'lii into t he snuth or out of r.x- 
 
 faiiiilv f 'l.ipin hi 111.' I'.'iiii'.'ll' '1 t) i-'i nee, us if they haT imt, I" I'n hro- 
 
 I'liii'iale. to 'k I'l ■.'•-ion "f thi'-i' iheis ..( till' -anie unh.iI'l'V rar.. The 
 
 i-laiVl- 111 II'''' I' '.111 h.' |ii\''l -loll, ol thi.' Iii'ii;in, wli. tlitt hi- iinces 
 
 
 •I 
 t i 
 
 i3 
 
 D 
 
 If 
 
 h*. 
 
toi^ cai 
 oftan 01 
 tilt unpi 
 siKlv -^ai 
 tliJit (111 
 .itul tni 
 \Mitha. 
 Iiut tht; 
 lay- 111 
 sin li all 
 
 ()\ 
 
.1 ch.KTMX C(\Mr.\KTMi:\ , (V .-; /,//.A.(/vr 
 
 ?i'y 
 
 tdiN caini' tVoiii tlit,' islaiiii-^ (if iln' ('1ih|ii,--i - iccc>sfull\ I'IcmcIicI tin- 
 
 .wtaii or from till' A'^inlic iiifiin, i- to iloctrinc- ^A |ii';ici' anil LihiImtImuhI. 
 
 till uiiprpjiiilii'i'il stU'lont, ail iiifxinc^- l!l .i.l sim, tin wIpI,. of liMJinn iiis 
 
 siKlv ?*a'i line. I'licif is no pvidcnci! toiy l.l 1 ^li.d in ciiili ■< wins, 
 
 tli!lt (Ml AllHfrirlVII j,'l(iiinil ttU'li' li\i'ii Moo. I p. 111'. I out '11 WHIlloii rnn'lty, 
 
 ill.! tnuL;lit H '.''ift/alriinti or (I lliii '.loo.l o|i.i..| mi t |m' aliar- ol I li'ir nn 
 
 vMiilia. 'I'Ih'-i' luinics were nut iiivtli^, lialliiwril ;;.i'N A-. lacs tlicy Im'I 
 
 liut tliey ln'liiii!.'t''l to vi'iv uticiinl -.lii tin ni'^i Ki'^ to ilo I'le |ir\il^ 
 
 .iu\-. in far di-tanl I'n-ti-rn -i-ats. No wiik an.i w':;rii tlic \\liiii' man ciiiii' 
 
 Mil li aboriL'iiial ufoiiiaT Kcfoic lli- (Im y i.c.'n ■ I • i;i' I '.v il- jiay, 
 
 
 
 / 
 
 
 1 
 
 i' «' 
 
 ()\ IHI^ COMHMS Ol \ (-I'lnMN (-( )\\I'.\K' 1 Mt-M Ol 
 
 A IHP.UAHV. 
 
 \(.« till.-. II1..V til ll. Ill lil'-ll!t.ll_\ « IV,. 
 
 'rill- -.|'i|-i' lialli siniiii a •oil in lli" '.ii. ; ».ir 
 
 |{.Ti.'« ll. 'if ill. >iti. ■- L;i\ nij; i u.li' |ai 
 
 ■roroi i!l t|i.,UL'l.l. Ii>-wil.i. |. ll i.\ uipii • 
 
 ■lin tiili- an. I I ■-, airaiu'inin n'- inni i.|ii''. 
 
 Sill. I 1.1 .ui.l ti... till -...111, til. f. .1,1. I.I ... ', 
 
 III). I ili«f,u..r la|is'il llif rii>-iial Ion. 
 Ami ^W'll siiHin-.l llii- ..111 .iulli..Mfii-. 
 
 M 
 
 
 ' , \ • *■ 
 
 
 
 
 ; i 
 
 \ 
 
 ■ ^: 
 
 . ' 
 
 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 ' ' T ■ 
 
 b: ! 
 
 
 s » * 
 
 U.-. oi.l- of 1 -nc .I'.i'l ill! -'• -Iii'm ' ..1)1. nil . 
 ( »t iii.iliv R "i.!'l\ l"'iil l.i'li..|.l llii- ^M.l. k 
 llolii"< lu win-- II til'' III. Ill I" ■ 11"! '•:"!■■ 
 
 riiiii tiiiki"- wii.ii.i' ll"' "ii^ ii''"i '"' "'"'■'> .'-••nil 
 
 S... Ill Swis') uliii. llli. -Iiiiii- "I llii' iiii'i.'lli.' 
 >lio« to till- ilav till- V itii-lmi L'iai i. i • mi. L 
 
 i ' 
 
 
 •Vj 
 
 
 t ;' 
 
 r 
 
 • <t