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Maps, plataa, oharta, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratioa. Thoaa too large to be entirely included in one axpoaura are filmed beginning in the upper loft hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, at many frames ea required. This following diagrama lliuatrata the method: Lea cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre fiimia A dee taux de reduction diff Arents. Lorsque ie document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul clichA, 11 est f ilmA A partir da i'angie supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant ie nombre d'imagea nAcaaaaira. lias diagrammes suivants iliustrant ia mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 ne N •ia+J fi'- ,,*,.'.''.'-' ' TRANSACTIOH No. 30. Ito* iififlfs §89(1 iFoffl iiie tttdsoa's laj la. MIK jAMns TAYI.OR. Rbcordino S«c«^r^Mwr: Pir J ji^rSiieT: The EDITH ami LORNE PIERCE COLLECTION 0/ CANADIAN A ^eetis University at Kingston ■r>P \\ HENRY'S JOURNAL. hedeath of Their Mii?P„ *«**„ 'ameutlift tralBc when the tffiA^tf ^5' "»» "quor -Ment CN. Bell ^«5i "*"* 28th. 18*: Pw enoes In the fup* tSSf ^^l"?" I?** expSl! there iS toS'SInu'sc?f5*r «»* *' 0"awa •nderHenry a ftVf^f'P^ Journal of Alex- westPur'ginpa^J."*^*' o' the NoSh- ^d Auffu«? i2it ' **. recorded on «V« ^rtA^Se'sJ^V^ h*« ""^^^i *"Sl Winnipeg, after ««?:i?.® P^'e^ent City of Wllllani,LakfsuSri(S^ tradeni at Foft ' Superior. „ AT THB FOBKS, »D theUs^sfnfJf^f en prc^eeded by I^ the grand passSw wwi t?'®® ^«'W«e8 to ^ our horses. SvCX«rf*"^^dover ^ «fe.*«»«»e on anf sfc*?!?;"? ^ our AtP *' '^"e?" ^ *'' •^he passage eompleffiSd ^ft7«*» ^^^ new fort dUnsawaltinffhf/Sj?"^"** Saulteau l" that traded '^Sthffi^^L' tho same band previous seasM. «Th«^'*!r» duringtoe •everal trlSto the AMlnfh-Jf *'*7« ™adl have now a number of^i.«^®*"® .'^v* and purchased there for «,«-°'"*^ ^hlch they the latter irofth«?5^°* ^^ medicine- constats of diffewS?r5^^^^»{f ctlon. S Of which are found Mfh?*u ^^J^'^** «ome rfverand otharS .«? ^he banks of this Fond du lKcS^t^\ brought from the Urc^ wnen tde traders' nnfflf-""" "9"oi and a 'athom of cl^l V« ™ ^^^^ hearts; ?«!1S'.'MS^,S| '«»•> the N„«i. ity of where the town of "^^^ ^^e vlcin- KMBRSON NOW STANDS ten mt^ottl!i^%' ^V' CreUsa and scene and estaWlsh^H °' ^PPfared on the thoRed Klver befiw R.n*^.'°g P<«toS 'airy between tCt^l* «•?*' deal of rfy. interests during Th^e^'^^?*^ ^^^fferent ^earning that the X v ?V^°« reason, charge of a Mr. ni«f„T^ ^' ^o. people in Scratching river nf«'** ^^^e bulldinffit Desmarals winf fl.r®'"'^ sent do-vn J n in thef/rlffi five men to opiSre^tieS tooko?eU'a%%»^^«otes that he October Henry wfnt fi®^',. 9S the loth Pembina MoOntLlnui *° 'J*® ^air HlUs 2»°«iolsCWt°lL*f .h'""**,^ thS nigherup than onl. ».!t. * three leagueR exactly It X ffi «?*?., °"»»t wK^ banics where th^ri^L*^iS steep sandy issues out tnmthl"^ (Pembina) aSt AsslnlbolnerS t^^^onntalns. A fjj I>e' ^e S i^ c. ''Neither of my neighbora have a hone, all their traiiRDortation is on their men's backa." The H. B. Co. peopln started to balM a post at the "Grand Passage" on the Pembina River. The better to observe the movements of his rivals in trade Henry had built in bib fort a wratch tower fronting the door of X. Y. company's fort, placuiR in it as wat,chmen St. Germain and lie Dero (or Le Dleo.) The hounes were whitewashed with a clay found in the Pembina Moun- tains. TBE FIRST RED RIVER CARTS. The famous Red River cart now was constructed apparently for the first time, and fortunately we have given us a most interesting description of the original vehicles. "Men now go again for meat with small low carts, the wheels of which are of one nolld piece sawed from the ends of trees, whose diameter is three feet. These carriages we find much more con- venient and advantageous than to load our horses on the back, and the country being so smooth and level that we can make use of them to go in every direc- tion." It may be as well here to give an- other entrv in the journal made a year latdv which indicates that improvements had been made in the style of the carts and that they had been advanced to such a form of perfection that little change has since been made. "We require horses to transport the property, of which we have now a sufficient number for all our purposes, and a new sort of csirt. They are about four feet high and perfectly straight, the spokes being nlaced perpen- dicularly without the least bending out- wards, and only four in each wheel. These carts will carry about five pieces, and are drawn by one horse." During the winter of 1801-2, little of par- ticular interest took place. Stabbing af- frays resulting from "drinking matches" were of frequent occurrence. The snow was deep and the cold intense, three of their bcrses dying from exposure. Tobacco was passing oetween the Crees, Assini- boines and Saulteaux from Leech Lake, at the head waters of the Mississippi river, to Lake Dauphin, to raise a large war party to raid in the Sioux country during the coming summer. The build" ings in the fort at Pembina must have been large in size, as one store house is mentioned as being 100 feet long by 20 wide, built of oak logs. A FORT BURNED. Li March the trading post of the H. B. Co. at the Grand passage of tJie Pembina river was burned, with great loss to the traders, though their rivals appear to have been delighted at their neighbors misfor- tune. As early as the 28th April, 1802, the H. B. Co.'s people embarked for the Forks. On the 3rd May "arrived four Assini- boines in company with the Saulteaux, the first Assiniboines that came to this fort to trade and drink. They up very suspicious of the Saulteaux and appear always on their guard with their arms in their hands, guns, bows and arrows. The Soung Saulteaux would fain insult them uring their drinking matches, but the men and myself prevented them from re- ceiving any insults." Henry mentions that he set the first sturgeon net used in the river and it required 00 fathoms to reach across as the water was high and the current "forms a great bend" in the net. Garden seeds were sown on the ISth May. MAKING TBE WABANO. "The Indians, having finished the grand medicine, are now making the Wabano. Thia ceremony is performed at all sea- sons of the year, but more particularly in the fall and spring, when tney are assem- bled together in large parties. The cere- mony is not of that solemn nature as the grand medicine, and does not require that ceremonious admittance. People of all ages and sexes may be partakers in the outward show of singing and dancing, but it is not every one of them who are acquainted with the mysteries concerning it, such as the different medicines that are required for certain cures, songs, con- jurations, tncks, etc." On the 30th May Henry left Pembina for the annual rendezvous of the North- west traders at Grand Portage, Lake Su- perior. After transacting the usual busi- ness relating to the year s trade and ob- taining the supply of goods for his next year's outfit, Henry returned with his canoes to the Red River district, arriving at the Forks on the 4th Sept. He went on horseback TO PORTAGE LA PRAIRIE, where he made the following appoint- ments : E. Harrison at PortMce la Prairie, L. Dorion at Bear's Head River, J. Mc- Donell at Manitoaubance and Jos. St. Grermainat Ft. Dauphin and Prairie en longue. Thence he proceeded to Pembina where the Indians were anxiously await- ing hftB arrival to taste the "new milk" as they termed the rum. Men were sent up to Turtle river to establish a post and others to the Pinanceway wining ; and the Terre Blanche river near Rosseau Lake. A young man having offered to Henry to work for nothing if he was allowed board and clothing with an Indian woman he was in love with, Henry notes— "This proposal did not surprise me, having seen several of these people as foolish as him and would not hesitate in signing an agreement of perpetual bondage on con- ditions of our permitting them to have an Indian woman that has struck his f ftncv '* The winter of 1802-3 passed quietly, no- thing of consequence transpiring. GATHERING RAT TAfLS. In April 1803, "Women gathering rat tails to eat. This root is about the sne of t to gre no ( *oon jnchc peres »npo( and a derai edible INtftio ferabli falto „The C^mpa thespi hisgecc was not great i wives, t were all gave me ^ehadt had evl( though 1 years ba< dined to . Mentioi <»kenfroi wver, and Aad at tha country mittedf etc., as journal, c a feature o oth June I plants. JLAke Super! men In chai winter post summer. T {eft the Lak« Lake Super McLaIn; IPoj neIl;SwanR giver (Assini Winnipeg J *"^er, A. kei took a new ro log Cross LaJ making fbrth quia establish people went a "««• On the a S?'newestab] Tne first objet two vesse a lay 2f bank, the ^ found greatlmi hew for the sp aufHcient numb *" hands, Th< erected and tha S<*o mess Kjoi »nta from M< '^^^n. etc, aj a>mSSS;'uaS;„Norfchwest and X y ">e8prti,g.*'"*"«"«daud /ought durt^ hi« second daJSter®'":*'".' I should tak« S!?i "Jen should have 1 ' *i°"* '^at all Sept. 20th._H«m.^ *°? ag«nt8." ■ ;"""«« an entry tnutl. V*™8eif a wlfo years back poSa o?,f tl 4o"™«l of til clined to do TO. '* °"<' '^»t he was disS Mention tJTP''^'' ^^^- Jrli? » ^* Henrv- Thi» » -"Ovrer H«#i Peopl??iSl*'*"»«nfc. whSe the f »S'°^««- rhojrere unl«!ST™'^I»!« and the — ""JKineabsencflnfThL ""'* ™ cbanrfl Sept. 20th.--H«m.^ *°? ag«nt8." * Aff«r "^ «PfiCIMEN PARTY Aut. LaPolnte. with another cart and two horaes loaded with two pieces of ffoods and bagRAoe boiotiKing to Brlnbolfi, Jes- ■imln and PouUiotte and a kettle suspen- ded on each side. Auk. Brisbols follows with only his sun on his shoulder and pipe in his mouth firesh lighted. Mlc. Jessimine soos nexv. same as Bris- bols, with gun and pipe, puflfing out clouds of smoke. Mlc. PouUotte, the greatest smoker in the Northwest, has nothing but pipe and pouch. Those three fellows having taken their farewell dram and lighted fresh pipes, send forth clouds of smoke and go on brisk and merry, playing numerous pranks. Dom. LlTemois, with a young mare, the {troperty of Langlois, loaded with weeds or smoking, an old Indian worsted bag, Madame's property, and some squashes and potatoes and a small keg of fresh wa- ter and two young whelps, howling, etc. Next goes Livernols' young horse draw- ing a travllle loaded with his own baggage and a laige worsted masqueraowte be- longing to Madame H. Langlois. Next appeared Madame Cameron's young mare kicking and raving, hauling a travllle which was loaded with a bag of flour, some cabbages, turnips, onions and a small keg of water and a large kettle of broth. M. Langlois, who is master of the band, now comes on leading a horse that draws a travllle that is nicely covered with a new painted tent under which is laying his daughter and Mrs. Cameron, extending at full length, and very sick. This covering or canopy has a pretty effect In the caravan and appears at a great distance in the plains. Madame Langlois now brings up the rear of the human beings following the travllle, with a slow step and melancholy air, attendingtothe wants of her daughter, who notwltnstandlng her sickness can find no other terms of expressing her gratitude to her parents than by calling them dogs, fools and beasts, etc. Bear guard consists of a long train of dogs,, twenty in number. Some bred for sleighs,' others for game, and some for pets of no use whatever only to snarl and destroy meat. The total forms a string near a mile long and appears like a large band of Assslnibolnes." GATHBBING GARDEN STUFF. In the middle of October the vegetables were taken from the garden and included 300 cabbages, 8 bush, carrots, 16 bush, onions, with turnips, beets, parsnips, etc., and "420 bush, potatoes, the produce of 7 bushels, exclusive of the quantity we have eaten since our arrival here." This was probably the first gardening on a large scale that was ever undertaken on the banks of the Bed Biver. An account is given of a " bad cough " that attacked the Indians and caused the death of many, which records of more modem numbers of the natives whooping cough. agrees with the days when lane are destroyed by ▲ WIFE AT SIGHT. It is well known that the traders pur- chased Indian women by trading horses for them, but the following passage In the ioumal seems extraordinary : "Livernols las exchanged his mare for a young wife about eighteen years of age. This Is a very common oircum^tance in the Northwest to give a horse for a woman." Much suffering was endured by the tra- ders at The Forks, Death nver and Portage la Prairie, in January 1804, on ac- count of the cold and scarcity of food. When visiting the latter place, Henryre- fers to Lake Manitoba as folic ws : "This pan of the lake is erroneously called by us Manethowaubane. The southern put is called by the natives the Bush lake, and the Northern is called Manithoaubang." The earliest maps generally refer to It as Mesdow lake, or Assiniboine lake, and It Is likely that these names were given to the southern and northern parts respec- tively. INDIANS FIGHTING. During the winter the Indians, as usual, were fighting in their camp near the fort. By the 4th of April the Bed Biver was clear of lee, and on the 20th of tbat month the canoes were laden and the brigade started for Lake Superior. On leaving Lake Winnipeg the N. W. Co., X. Y. Co. and the Swan Biver Co. (7) mustered a fleet uf 33 canoes and 5 bateaux. Quite a large assortment of furs was shipped from Henry's out post at the forks of the Bed and Assiniboine rivers, where Mr. Dorion had been in charge during the winter. Portage la Prairie post was placed in care of Dorion for the summer. The N. W. company's posts during the winter of 1803-4 in the Bed Biver district were situ- ated at Portage la Prairie. Lake Manitoba, Dead Biver (Nettly Creek), Portage en Longue, the Forks, Hare Hills, Park Biver and Pembina. At Fort William in July Henry writes : "Men not so difficult to hire tms year as last, when boaters for the Lower Bed Biver refused 700 Grand Portage currency and Milieux extra equipments. ' Arriving again at Pembina September 6th Henry found "men (Saulteaux) all off to war since the 4th." This Is the second excursion, the Assinlboines have now joined them and foim a party of about 300 men, of which 150 are on horse back. The Crees stole the traders' horses at Pembina Mountain. A large crop of vegetables, Including melons, cucumbers, squashes, corn, 600 cabbages and 1,000 bushels of potatoes was raised at Pembina by the men left In charge during the summer months. In November Uie traders were fired on by the Indians near Nettly Creek. N tion abo hav and shrl) jnan: fast. them foul tumb oreek one s] dead] .The M«hed Co. ha Portag fiongui Lake ' and Pa Ontt press a tlon to 1 terests, * time as chief an, sliver V the lndl< kegg an( "»a sauc ment ma "waspn dlans we Weas con( ^ all ol sent Inlan tnatyear'i '*">«og 3,J '^elghSigi fpoJs wen '" the imin on. Henry ap ^^e' distrl f»»d as the ( Jfi«;«wgathei P^ty to atti fomeSauIttt scended the Assiniboine, ^*y. Where! £«ty"weroi £"*> Weca abundance. " about^the ent g»e Dead Ri fPe and the i ■uuring our sti of excellent yr\ fet 2Sit '^wS^iJ? -"Mir.. *nd %vi« ^Jifhftlr Hlnaed n,rf?°'^. '^««t« tumblini, i*'«« "tone, at «J?? 'unnlnK PWM fSfv"d *l? S' January, 1805 a„ the X Y On K®? '*>«' theNWn°"^^- Indian on thL .»„ *^ the lndla2r4'oSl?"**1 »°d bSJk|L^?*'lPj keiM anrt ft ?.'***a>'Jet coafa i? 2*. -^'^ ,^«.e immense t^dlnK^TalSr^ij? 2l«/?sSfSrri% -Sinained m the Red •*»« as the Cpeea a!L. .? summer of i«« '«»«w«atheiSHiv4!«^.bolne8 ^fS' al^J? *Vi?''^«t durlmr m,™""*"^ ^ the Rer. che^PiS ®^,^, P'«»erve "hem " r ?