■9" 1^ > IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) <^.1^ ':■' , ;!. i>«.)r.Ni)AHV i :aiiiT< : >jll'a; siAi'l> !.*^F I- ys or i^|?EiT aiKTAfN »^ HiBA?Ivf ■^n!n;KL^ J-kt?.. XKA. r,r:«c-,r;j;RriS i V M.J f» K F I r H . 1 \UVvM^'^ .rvi .\\ NlbS^^ ^^^r^^^>^ Oh 'MM) ■I 1 / j^ -ft m 4 I .1 y.' DEPARTMENT OF STAT REPORTS UPON TUB SURVEY OF THE BOUNDARY IIKTWEK.V inn TERRITORY OF THE UNITED STATES AND TUB POSSESSIONS OF GREAT BRITAIN FROM TIIK LAKE OF THE WOODS TO THE SUMMIT OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS, AUTlIoniZED BY AH ACT OF CONGRESS APPKOVED MARCH 19, 1872. AKCIIinALD CAMPBELL, Esq., COMJIISSIONEK. Captain W. J. TWINING, C0RP8 OP ENOINKEBS, BREVET MAJOU U. S. A., cniEF ASTRONOMER ^ll^( /j- Ji/^^^ir ^ PUBLISHKD IN ACCOKDANCE WITH AN ACT OP CONGRESS APPROVKD MARCH :?, 1877. WASHINGTON: OOVBUNMENT PRINTING OKPIOE. 1878. UBR'^^^^i„.U»V ^^^^^c^]i.^u^ OF 016300 / ^ ] (441. Congress, ;Jd Session. Senatk Ex. Doc. No. 4 1. J >»' MESSAGE FIIOM mic PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. COMMUNICATINd INFORMATION IN RELATION TO THE BOUNDAKV-I INP RPTlVp™ thu UNITED STATES AND THE POSSESSIoK' SV b™ fhom Tns NORTHWEST ANGLE OP THE LAKE OP THE WOODS TO THP SUMMIT OP THE ROCKY MOUNTAIM I'KBRlJAnv an, 1877.-Bc«.l, ordered to I io nil tlio tiil.In and I)e printed. V [ Washington, Fchrmry 2.'{, 1877. ^' ^" ^^^^'^• Department of State, „ , Washhigton, Fvbruari, 23, 1877 iJy tho act of Marcli 19, 1872. entitled "A., .w.f *i • • , nnrl ,v.... I • r .1 , > ^°"=; oiuuitu All fict autliorizuic' the survov and iiarkn.gof tlie boundary between the territory of the United i 7 and tlie possessions of Great Britain, from the Lake o tt W 1 f f — t^ftbeRoekyM.^ i 1 i^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ '' ^r '"'''" '"^ ''' --^p^--"*-"* «f ^ Joint t mission for determining such boi.ndar,-bne between these points 1 h.s boundary to be determinod was that defined in the second artic-le of ^convention between the United States and Gi.at Britain o^^^^ t 181N whereby it was provided -that a lino drawn from the nios n ri^ G UNITED 8TATE8 NOUTHKllN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. western point of the Luke of tho Woods, ulong the forty-nintli jxirulli-l of north hititude, or, if tho auid point shall not bo in tho forty-ninth purallol of north latitude, then that u lino drawn from tho said point duo north or south ns tho case umy be, until the said lino shall intersoct tho said parallel of north latitudo, and from tho point of such intersection due west aloiijr and with tho said parallel, shall bo tho lino of domarkation between the territo- ries of tho United States, and those of His liritannic Majesty, and that tho said lino shall form tho northern boundary of tho said tenitories of tho United States, and tho southern boundary of tho territories of His Uritannic Majesty, from the Lake of tho Woods to tho Stony Mountains." At tho time of tho passage of the act of 1872, tho boundary between the United States and Great Britain had boon surveyed and adjusted from tho Atlantic to tho northwest angle of tho Lake of tho Woods, and the hmd-lino had likewise boon surveyed and adjusted from tho summit of tho llocky Mountains to tho Georgian Bay, leaving undetermined of tho entire bound- ary tho lino between the northwest angle of tho Lake of tho Woods and the summit of tho Rocky Mountains, tho water-boundary upon tho Pacific Ocean provided for by Article I of tho treaty of 1H4G, anu the line between that portion of territory ceded by Russia to tho United States under the treaty of 18G7 and tho possessions of Great Britain. Under Article XXXIV of the treaty of Washington, the (question as to what was the proper water-lino through tho channel which separates Vancouver's Island from the continent was submitted to the arbitration of tho Emperor of Germany, pursuant to whoso award and the jirotocol of March 10, 1873, such lino was ultimately fixed and determined. The commission authorized under the act of March 19, 1872, was organized soon after tho passage of tho act; Archibald Campbell being appointed commissioner on the part of the United States, and the required engineer officers being detailed for the performance of the work. From tho reports herewith transmitted, it will be seen that this work has boon entirely concluded; the final records and maps having been signed in London upon the 2t)th of May last, and a protocol having been drawn and signed setting forth the final proceedings of the conmiission. The report of tho commissioner has since been prepared and submitted [ UKllBD STATES SOUTIIBKN UOBNDAUI COMMlftSlOS. ^ '" "";•"";">.' j;™ «' "■" -."i.io.i,.n «f ,i,u „,„k ,„„i ,i,„ n„„i „,,„„ x..c.|,.a. .„ ,.,„ .„„i.„ry coded by «„..,■„ ,„„,„ „,„„«,, ,,,':; ' "o". "... ,o ii,„„ d„„.ii„i i„ ,1,0 i«,rto„„„„» „f ,;„ „,„k "'''"'^'*"* Kt'spet'tliilly hubiuittod. 'v\ u llAAIljyroN FJSIJ llm P«E8IUKNT. **oii. RKPORTB OF THE COMMISSIONER MD OF THE CHIEF ASTlMOMEll NORTHERN BOUNDARY. United States Northern Boundary Commission, Washington, July iJ, 1876. Sir: I huvo tl.c honor to transmit herewith the original of the final ugreement of the eomnnssioners, the original "List of astrononm-al st^itior.s observed, the original official " List of monuments n.arking the interna- fonal boundary-line," and the maps, reeords, and reports relating to the northern boundary commission, as enumerated in the accompanying letter of the chief asti-onomer. I would also respectfully report that with the exception of a few expenditures necessary in closing the office, not included in my accounts for the quarter ended June m, 1876, but for which vouchers will be rendered m a tew days, all office-expenses have ceased. I have the honor to bo, very respectfully, your obedient servant, ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL, Commissioner Northern Boundary Survey Hon. Hamilton Fish, Secretary of State. United States Northern Boundary Commission, Washington, D. C, June 30, 1876. Sir: I respectiully transmit the following official records and doou- ments relatmg to this survey: First. Portfolio containing originals of preliminary maps of the survey. Second. Portfolio containing the joint maps signed by the commis- sioners and chief astronomers, UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL. 1873-1876. 15 REPORT. United Swm Norti,e,» Botodarv Comm«8,o», Tw„..g Unue State. Engineers, chief a..ono„.., as fa:a L X Bball not be iu tho fortAintb , Ll el o( TnrH , ^Tf '"''*'"'''' "^' '^ ^^e said point the said poi„t duo north or soutT a ^e c 1 ' f ,"''' ''? ""** " "'"' '''•awnVroa. sect the said parallel of north I iH.!i i? ^ ^•^' ""*" ^^"^ ««»' ""^ sliaM inter- west alon, and wiU. tt "^ \ f ^ ' '.l";;; J^"'.!",*: l--^ / -eh intersection d'e territories of the United States and those of (n ■ "" "^ '^•''"•'''•'''^""" I'^t^een the 'ine shall form the northern bo nd v of tl^o ^^ •?'"" ^^•''J''«^J' «"^1 that the said tl.e U„l,c,l Stat ," ,1 Z- f '"!"'"" "' "■" ''™"'l»'T-line between i;i| N B- 17 18 UNITED STATES NOIITIIEUN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. In April Inst, while engaged in locntiiif; a military reNorvation near Pembina, n corps of United States engineers discovered that the commonly-received boundary-lino between the Unite«l States and the Ibitish possessions at that place is about lorty- seven hundred feet south of the true position ol the forty ninth parallel, and that the line, when run on what is now supposed to be the true position of the forty-ninth parallel, would leave the fort of the Hudson Bay Company, at Pembina, within the territory of the Uniteil States. This information being comniunieated to the British Government, I was requested to consent, and did consent, that the British occupation of the fort of the Hudson Bay Company should continue for the present. I deem it important, however, that this part of the boundary-line should be detinitely fixed by a Joint commission of the Iv.'o governments, and I submit herewith estimates of the expense of such a commission on the part of the United States, and recommend that an appropriation be made for that i)urpo.se. The land-boundary has already been fixed and n)arked from the summit of the Hocky Mountains to the Georgian Bay. It should now be iu like manner marked from the Lake of the Woods to the summit of the liocky Mountains. The Prcsick'iit's mcssjige is iicoonipaniecl l)y a corrcspondenco between tlie State, Treasury, and War Deiiartiiicnts, and between the State Depart- ment and Ikitish minister, in rehition to the dillieidties on the frontier arising irom the imeertainty as to the true position ttt" the bcnindary ; and also by an estimate of the probable cost of a commission for surveying and marking the boundary between the United States and IJritish possessions, made by General Humphreys, Chief of Engineers, in compliance with the refpiest of the State Department. The folhnving is a copy of the letter transmitting the estimate ; Office of the Chief of Engineers, ]ya.'ihingtoii, J). ('., }>orciiibvr -3, 1870. Siii: In reply to the communication of the 7lh instant IVoni the Department of State asking for an estimate of the [)robable cost of surveying and marking the bound- ary between the United States and the British possessions, (rom the Lake of the Woods to the Rocky .Mountains, I beg to reply that a i)roperly-orgaiii/.ed commission, with two sets of astrononncal and surveying parties to expedite tlu work, would require, from the estimate hereunto annexed, an expenditure of about 6100,(100 yearly while actually engaged upon tield-duties. But it is not possible to state with certainty the length of lime required to trace an«l mark the whole line, as the progress that would be made depends upon the nalnro of the country to be pas.sed over. The line is about eight hundred and sixty miles long. The season for working to advantage is .short, and although the country is generally an open one, the ninnber of astronomical stations to be occupied, upon which the rate of progress mainly rests, depeutls .so much upon the distance of pruniinent points of elevation from each other, that they cannot be estimated. From one month to six weeks would, no doubt, making due allowance for bad KEPOHT OP THK COMMISSIONKIJ. 19 weather, be required to eHtahlisli astroiiomieiilly a point on the paralh'l, to truce its connection with n preceding; one, antl to move tlie party to the next. Should these points average fifty miles apart, there would lie some seventeen stations, or, say, eight stations for each astronoun. It is not probable that the parties can be kept in the llehl continuously for this length of time, but that the work would have to run through two seasous at least, if not longer. The services of the oilicers and the greater part of the assistants would be requiretl for another year on oHlce work to complete the records of the survey, so that the prob- able expense which would be incurred for completing the work might be set dowu at ^325,0(10. Officers of engineers have been frequently assigned to perform such duties as these, and if the demarkation of this boundary should be coiitiiled to them, the esti- mate should be modified. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. A. IHJMPriREYS, lirUiadifr-GcHtral iind ChUf of Engincem. Hon. W. W. Belkxap, Secrelary of War. In oonipliiiiK'o with the recommeiKhition of tho Prosipropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to carry into ett'ect the object of said joint commission. Ajiproved RFarch 1!), 1S72. 20 UNITED STATES NOUTOERN BOUNDAllY COMMISSION. Tho amount of tho appropriation for ono year, accordin}^ to the esti- mato of General Ilunipln-eys, hIiouM have been $100,000, but it was re- tluceil by Congress to 850,000, a sum insuflicicut for a vigorous and eeo- noniical prosecution of the work, partieularly during the first year, as many purchases had to be nuide for an outfit. In consequence of tliis reduction, tho organization of the conmiission was deferred by the Department until the month of June, when I received tho appointment of connnissiojier, with instructions to organize a party for the survey of tho boundary, in accord- ance with tho means provided by Congress. In compliance witli tlie terms of the act creating the commission, tho Chief of Engineers, by direction of the Secretary of War, detailed tho following engineer officers for duty with tho commission, viz : Capt. and Bvt. Lieut. Col. F. U. Farquhar, Capt. and Hvt. 3\Iaj. W. J. Twining, Capt. (then Lieut.) James F. Gregory, and Lieut. F. ^^ Greene. An office was temporarily rented in Wasliington for tho necessary preparations for tlie survey. Earl}- in Jul}', CV»lonel Farquliar, with the engineer officers and civil assistants attached to the conmiission, left Wash- ington for Saint Paul, Minn., and tliere organized a party for field operations. Previously to leaving Washington, ujjon a request made to the Sec- retary of War, the Quartermaster-General was directed to furnish the com- mission with the necessary means of transportation for the field-work of the survey, Avith the understanding that the nniles, wagons, &c., furnished were to be returned in good condition at tho close of the work in the field. The train was directed to assemble at Fort Abercrombie, on Red River, there to await the arrival of the commission. On my airival in Saint Paul, Second Lieut. O. D. Ladloy, Twenty- second Infantry, who had been detailed by Maj. Gen. W. S. Hancock, then in command of the Department of Dakota, to act as quartermaster and commissary to the commission, reported to mo in person and was directed to proceed to Fort Abercrombie in advance of the commission, to put tho train in readiness for the march to Fort Pembina, near the forty-ninth parallel. Tho purchase of supplies for the season's work being made, and the emj)IoyL's required being secured, the conmiission left Saint Paul for Fort r t't UKPOUT OF TOE COMMISSIONER. 21 AI)oicr(»inl)ii', luid on tlio 29th of Au' 27". We then pitched onr eiinip a little farther down on the bank of the river, and, ns near as we could judge, to the tioundary-llne. A large skin-lodge, which was lent to us, sheltered the gentlemen of the party during our stay there. Our tent-llies were pitched around it for tho use of tho soldiers. In honor of the President of the United States, this place received the name of Camp IMonroc. A Ihig stalV was idanted, which, after a series of ob.servations made during four duys, was determined to be in latitude 48° 59' 27" north. The nuignetic meridian having been ascertained to be 13° 17' 25" east, the distance to the boundary-line was measured oil', and an oak post tixed on it, bearing on tho north side the letters G. 15., and on the .south side, U. S. Ou tho 8th of August at noon the Hag was hoisted on the start', which bore south 41° 25' west of the post at a distance of 20'^ feet. A national salute was tired at the time, and a procla- mation made by Colonel Long that, by virtue of the authority vested in him I>y the President of the United States, the (H)untry sitinited upon Ked River above that point was declared to be comprehended within the territory of the United States, (pp. 40 and 47, Long's Narrative of an Expedition to the Source of Saint i'eter's Uiver, Lake Wiunepeg, Lake of the Woods, &c., perlbrmed in the year 1823, by order of the IIou. John C Calhcun, Secretary of War.) When astronomical observations and surveys to determine tho boundary- line were connnenced by the connnission, tho season had reached tho middle of Septoml)or, leaving a coinparativtdy short period of time for iield-work in this higli latitude. The Hriti.-^h connnissioner, {'n\it. I). I». Cameron, K. A., 32 UNITKI) STATKS XOUTIJKISN HOUNDAltY COMMISSION. and tho Uritisli rliicf nstroiioiiuT, C'lijit. S. AikUmmuii, H K., ii'iiclit'd IViii- bina on tht< IGtIi mul IHtli of Sfptt'inlxT. On tho latter day the first moot- ing of tho joint coniniisHion todk place, and a ••eneral \)\a\\ of operations was ajj;reed ui)on for the renniinder of tho season. Tho mode of surveying" and iniiri\iiif>' the honnrhiry was disenssed, and it was aiiif, wlicn- we IoiiikI ('oloiitl l''iir»|uliiir mill Ciiptiiiii AiidtTsoii, with their r('s|n(ii\f parties. Alter l.iir nrrivnl at the lake they liatl, with tiie as.sistaiifc >>{' iiatixi' Imliaiis uf that re;:iuii, (hsenveretl the remains of tlu- ret'ereliee nioniinieiit ereeted l»y tlu- I'liiteil States ami Ihitish eommissionerH (Messrs. I'urter and Marelay ), appointed uii(h'r tlio Hixth and seventh articles ot' the treaty nl' (Jhent: Irum which moniiincnt, Ity a series (if coiu'ses and distances laid down in their joint rej)ort to their f,n»vernments, the position of the northwesternmost point of the lake was to he ascertained. The northwesternmost point not Iiein;^' on lirm ;;Tound, could not he marked ))y a inomnnent. From this report of the chief astronomers I was satisfied with the north- westernmost point of tli(( lake, as ascertained liy them and reconnneiided for our acci'ptance, liut Captain Cameron was not disposed to accept tia- result of their exanunations and .search for the reference monument, it liein;;' his policy in the interest of the Canadian ( Jovernnient, if not the residt of instructions, to leave the (piestion of the northwesternmost point of the lake unsettled, because the meridian honndary-line from lliat point southerly to its iuter.s<'ction witl the forty-ninth parallel would cut olV I'roni the main- liind iintl leave to the I'nited States a portion of territory, projecting:' into the lake, of f^reat importiince. and almost indispensalde to the |a'ovince of Maintobu as i means of connnunication with Canada. Upon this territory a depot and .steandjoat-landin;:' at the terminus of the I'ort Oarry road had been estal)lishenoss to c\it a siji'ht-line frtmi that point southerly thron^^h the tindier aloiiL;- the nn-riilian boundary until it striki's the shori- of the lake, without, however, at that time ajureein^- to it as ii jtart of the boundary- line. His object doul)tIe.ss was to leave the (pu'.stion in abeyance, in the hope that liefore the boundary was completed to the summit of tlie K'ocky Mountains, or .subsequently, some arranjiement mi^lit be made Itetween the two i^overumeuts wliereby this small luit nnudi-coveteil and important piece of territory would become a part of the North West Territory. ssc i f 24 UNITED STATES NOItTDEKN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. Havin<; coniplotod tbo object of our visit to the Lake of the Woods, we started to Fort Garry on tlie 2r)th of October, and reached ir on the 2'Jth. In consecjuence of rainy weatlier we remained there 8eve>:vl days. On the tith of November we retm-ned to Pembina. 15y that time the i)arties j>enerally had closed iiehl operations, and tlio'se of the United States connnission were on their way to Fort Abercronibie, where the \va<,''on-train was to be k'ft dnrinff the winter season. From there the emi)U)}t's were taken to Saint Paul and dischar^j^ed for the winter. The last party in the iield, under Major Twinin<>-, did not reach Saint Paul until the 23d of November, by which time it had become quite colil. The Department havinn wiiich had, during tiie previous year, been determined and marked on the western bank of Red River. Major Twining commencid operations with the intention of completing i'onr hundred miles of the survey during the season, and he accomplished his oliject. The boundary was marked at intervals of one mile between the United States and the |)rovin('e of Manitol)a, and fartiier west at average intervals of three miles. These monuments were built of earth, or stone where it could be foinid. 'I'lu>se KEPOBT OF TOE COMMISSIONER. 25 separating Manitoba from the United States liavo been replueed by n.onn uients of iron. The climate of the country in the vicinity : the boundary cannot bo surpassed. The .lays, thou-li sometimes warm, are always more or less tempered by a pleasant breeze, and the ni-hts in midsnnnner are cool and refresliino-, and sometimes exceedingly co,>l, even to the freezing-point. The surfa.-e of the earth in this region is generally a rolling prairie, gradu- ally but almost imperceptibly rising from lied River to the base of the IWky Mountains. After crossing Pembina Uiver, thirty-tive miles west of Red River, there is a considerable rise in the land. This de-. aticm is called I'embina Mount- ain, tlh.ngh in reality it is only an elevated plateau. The boundary farther to the west crosses l^u-tle Mountain, a rough and rugged ehnation covered with tind.er, through the whole extent of which along the boundary a vista of liftetm feet in width was cut. The distance from the east to the west base of the mountain is about thirty-four and one-half miles. By far the h.rger part of Turtle M.Muitain falls upon the s,.nt]iern side of the "line, and, iu conse(iuence of the gr-.at scarcity of tindu-r in that latitude, it is a fortn- nato ac([uisition. At the ch.se .>f the sea. .sea.son's work were discharged, "and theodicers an.l assistants r.'paire.l t.. Detroit to bring rp the ollice-w..rk during tlu- wint.M-. l.i.ntenant (invne with his party r.-mained in the field during tl... -.vinter, in ovdvv to .■omplct.. the snrv.^y of )]„> ii,u. b.>tween th.. Lake ..f the W.m.ls nid if...! IJiv.'r, it b.'ing impracti.'ab!.. t.. perf.a-m that work .l.u'ing the suuuu.t s.Ni.son on account ..f the .swampy character .)f the c.)untrv. In .■.)ns(Ypience of .U>lay in the passage of the ai.pr..priati.>n iov the bcmndary .■..nnni.ssion for the y.'ar IST-l, it was late b-'f.uv 1 was able to join th.' parti.'.s in the iu'U. On my arrival at Fort jinror.l. .„. the Miss..nri, ""' >"ilitary post al win..!, Major Twining lai.l in his snppli.s ford... s..asun,' m 26 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. I found ho had a short tune previously started northwardly, to strike the forty-ninth parallel at the point where the survey terminated at tlie close of the previous season. As soon as my small train was in readiness, I moved toward the boundary-line, accompanied by a small escort of infantry, five companies ol' which had beevi detailed by General Terry a ■ escort to the commission, together with two companies of cavalrj-. As the commis- sion were moving through a country far from civilization, occupied by Blackfeet and other warlike Indians, this large escort was considered ncices- sary to its safetv and exemption from molestation. After steadily traveling for seventeen days, on the 2d of August we reached the camp of the cavalry escort. 1'he country over which we passed, following the Jlissouri and its tributaries, is monotonous and unin- teresting. The cavalry camp was near the Three Buttes or Sweet Grass Hills, three i)rominent peaks which rise to a great height over the surrounding country, and present a most agreealde relief to tlie eye in contrast with the tameness of the country over which we had recently passed. We here found delicious, cold, spring water, a great luxury after the unpalatable and unwholesome water we had been obliged to drink on the route when not near the Missouri River. From the summit of these peaks on a clear day a fine view of the crest of the Kocky ilountains is olttuiiied. After remaining a day at the cavalry camp, we left for Major Twining's camp, which we nsached ai'ter a joimiey of thirty miles. Ca})tain Gregoiy and Lieutenant Greene, engineer officers attached to the commission, were encamped in its viciiiily. it cre- ated quite a variety in our wilderness lil'e to find such an assemblage of j)artics in this attractive neighborhood. From ]\[ajor Twining 1 learned that two hundred and forty miles oi the remainder of the boundary left unfinisiied last year had already been completed since he reached the boundary, and in a little less time than six weeks. On the 8th of August, a clear, cool, and bright day, accomj)anied by Lieutenant Greene, I rode to the summit of the westernmost of the Three 'f "■ ■1'..~.'*f'i'*' '■ f" ■^'•—mmmr :V hi' U ,. 1 . ! - - I. V ...1, - 'I .. if" ■ I : ^ i-' <' ■>! lijr-; 1 i ,.f,'f .»/ <,: ■-'.•.Ms.*-=r.^?' ; iii II aSBB KEPOUT Oi< THE COMMISSIONER. 27 Hiittca, a distance of iibout six miles from the Ciimp. The ascent was steep towiud the smnniit, but i)racticablc. From that elevated point the Rocky JJoiuitains in all their grandeur were in full view, while beneath us it re(iuired but little imagination to convert the rolling ])rairic into an ocean. The summit of the butte is about 1,700 feet above the level of the prairio. On the liitli of August, accompanied by Major Twining. I left the Tliree Buttes for the Kocky Mountains, the distance being about one hundred and ten miles. We encamped for the night in a very line position, giving a full view of the group of buttes composing the Sweet-Grass Hills; for each of the three principal buttes is composed of one chief butte, sur- rounded by others of inferior size, the whole of them covering a consider- able extent of territory. The next morning we moved westward, traveled about twenty-eight miles, and encamped on Milk River. From our camp we had line views of the Rocky Mountains, the summit being still partially covered with snow. On our journej' this day we passed through the country of the IJhickfeet Indians, during which time it was deemed prudent to keep closer together and nearer to the escort than usual, but we were not molested. The Indians, knowing that we were well protected by ti'oops, gave us no trouble during the whole survey. Tov ard the evening of this day, the 13th of August, Captain Cameron, tile British commissioner, unexpectedly made his appearance among us, having just returned from the summit of the Rocky Mountains, where the survey was rapidly progressing to a conclusion. As this Avas the last oppor- tunity before the parties would be withdraAvn from the field, we held a meeting of the j<»iiit commission at our camp. Captain Cameron stated that he was now ])rei)are(l to agree to the northwesternmost jioint of the Lake of the Woods, as determined by the chief astronomers of the United States and British commissions, his government having directed him to acknowl- edge the reference-monument pointed out to the chief astronomers by Indians residing in the vicinity. He also agreed to adojit the astronomical parallel as the true boundary instead of the mean parallel, which he had hitherto strongly urged, and 28 UNITED STATES NORTDEKN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. i I which would have been a great additional expense without any correspond- ing benefit. These points of diflference being settled, the joint commission adjourned to meet on some future day, after the comi)letion of the oflice-work, for the l)urpose of comparing the records of the survey and the final maps of the boundary, preparatory to their signature by the connnissioners. The day after the meeting of the joint connnission, we continued our journey toward the Rocky Mountains over a soft, rolling, grassy prairie. During the journey the moun*.vins were constantly in view. No description can do justice to the magnificence of this mountain scenery. As we approached it day by day, the Chief Mountain, near the forty-ninth jtarallel, stood pre-eminent in distinctness and grandeur, resembling a gigantic obelisk broken off at the summit. There is an infinite vai'iety in the mountain range near the parallel. It requires but little aid t)f the imagination to see a city in ruins, in which fortifications, pyramids, and other familiar objects present themselves to the eye. On the lltli of August we reached Chief Mountain Lake, near the base of Chief Mountain, and encam[)ed in its vicinity. On the 20th, with a pack-train, we started westward over the Rocky Mountaiis, taking two days in crossing to its western base, and two days in returning. We found the United States and British ])ai1;ies approaching the termination of the line, and searching for the monument erected on the sunmiit of the mount- ains at the terminus of the boundary between the United States and British possessions authorized by the treaty of 1846. The moniunent was at length discovered in a spot very difficult of access, and tlierefore the better ada[)ted to preserve it from being disturbed. The survey was carried to the monu- ment, and the line was thus completed from the northwesternmost point of the Lake of the Woods to the summit of the Rocky Mountains. The weather had been so fine during the whole season that there was no interruption to the progress of the survey. The nights were clear, and the astronomical work was rapid and acciu'ate. Being so remote from set- tlements, and in a latitude where winter connnences very early, it was most fortunate that the parties were able to leave the field while it was still com- parativel}' mild. KEPORT OF THE COiMMISSlONER. 29 An-annfcmcnts had been niiido bj- Jlnjor Twining early in the season for tlie construction of Mackinac boats at I\.rt ]5enton, on the 5[issouri, for the i)uri)oso of transjiortingtlio party down the Missouri River to Bismarck, tlie western terminus of the Northern Pacific Kaih'oad, and tlience to Saint Paul by railroad, to bo discharged, with the exception of the assistants who wore required to do the office-work of the commission. By the 12th of September, the various parties in the field having as- sendded at Fort Benton, the fleet of six Mackinac boats started down the river. Major Twining and his assistants accompanied the expedition. At night the boats were fastened to the shore, and the whole party, including officers, bivouacked. They reached Bismarck in eighteen days. On the 13th of September I left Fort Benton for Fort Shaw, on Sun River, in Montana, accompanied by General Gibbon, United States Army, who had left his post for Fort Benton, to visit the officers of the connnission before their departure for the East. He had been directed by the com- manding general of the Department of Dakota (General Teny) to furnish the conmiission any additional escort that might be required when it reached the neighborhood of the Rocky Mountains, and he had prompt!}- informed nie of his readiness to respond to my requisition for troops, if they should be needed. We reached Fort Shaw, in Montana, a distance of sixty-thrca miles, in about eight hours, traveling in a spring-wagon over the natural sui'- face of the ground, which was of a similar character to that over which we had passed on our way to the Rocky ^Mountains. I remained two days at Fort Shaw. The post was garrisoned by four companies of infantry. It had a very neat and highly military appearance, the houses being mainly of adobe and very warm and comfortable. Gen- eral Gibbon took much pride in exhibiting his fine gardens filled with vegetables for the troops. The soil is Aery fertile, and, although the Avarm season is brief, vegetables come to maturity rajjidly and are of a very fine quality. On the IGth of September I left Fort Shaw for Helena, a distance of eighty miles, and with a relay reached it in twelve hours. On the succeed- m ii 11 !1 I ^v 30 UNITED STATKH NOUTIIKIfN UOUNDAUY COMMISSION. iiig day I attended a fair, at which the variolic produots of Montana, min- eral, animal, and veffotable, were exhibited. Notwithstandin<;' the hif^h latitndo of Montana, the winters are eomj)ariitiveiy mild. The cattle are left at largo durinj'' that .•reason, and keep in good condition hy picking np nutritions gras.s of that ri'gion, which remains on the ground throughout the winter covered by snow of a moderate depth. Montana Iteing pro- tected from westerly winds by the Iiocky Mountains, the climate is much milder in winter than might naturally be supposed. The next day I started from Helena in a Concord stage, and after traveling steadily four days and three nights I reached Ogden, on Salt Lake, and there took the Union I'aciiic Kailroad for the East. After the chief astronomer and his assistants reached Wa.sliington, an otHce was rented for the ])ur|iose of working out the results of the survey, and eonstriu'ting the majjs for the illustration of the boundary-line and the country adjacent thereto. The IJritisli commission, at the close of the iield-work of the survey, returned to London and there executed tlx'ir oflice-work. In the month of iMarch last Maj. D. IJ. Cameron, U. A., Her liritaniiic Jlajesty's couunis- sioner, announced to me l)y letter that early in April the Avork of the 15ritish connui.s.sion wotdd be completed and ready for the iinal meeting of the joint commission pre])aratory to closing its proceedings, and requested, if convenient, that I would meet him for that purpose in London. Having submitted the pi'oposition to the Department, I received authority to comply with it. Accordingly, with the assent of the Department, 1 left the United States on the 1st of April, in advance of the chief astronomer, who followed on the lOth. On his arrival at London the United States and Briti.sh chief astronomers compared the records and ma])s of the respective conunissions, and having reported that the latter were ready for the signature of tlii- com- missioners, they were duly signed on the 2yth of May, with a ])rotocol of the final proceedings of the conmiission, of which the following is a copy, viz: i HIll'OlfT OK Till'; COMMISSIONKK. 81 lievonl of pnxtriliiiijH at a mvcliii;/ <>/ lliv ciimiiiisKiniirrK tippithitid rCHpectirvbi h;/ the J'nui- (lint of I lie I'liited SIiiIch of Amvriiv, anil liji Hir lliittniiiiv Miijinti/, tii UHvirliiiii mid mark lliv Imiiiiilari/lini; hvtwivn the irsptrf i ir lirriloriiM i>/ the i'niltd IStaleii and of Jlir Miijr.il!/, the miiil line liihiij that dejinvd hi/ the mcond artiele of the eonreHlion of London, xiijned Oetolier -0, IS 18. I'KKSKNT. Donald U. CaiiKToii, iiiiijor liojal Artillery, coiuuiisaiouiT on tlie part of lltr llritamiit! Jlaji'sty. S. Aiiilersoii, captiiiii lloyal Kii^jiiieers, chief a8trouoiner to Iler Majesty's coin- lui^sioii. A. {'. Ward, eaptain Itoyal Eii^;iiU'ers, secretary to ller Majesty's eoiniiiission. Ai'cliihald C'aiii[ibell, eoiiiiiiissioiier on tlie part of the I'nitetl tStates of Aiiieriea. \V. .1. Twiniiit;, eaplaiii of the Corps of lOiifjineers of the United States Army, chief astroiionier to the United States eoniniission, 1. The ehief astronomers sulimit tlie following doennn'nts and nnips : ((. A detaih'd list in duplicate of forty astronomical stations, in addition to oni> for the location of the most northwestern (loint of the Lake of the AVoods, at ■\vliieh observa- tions wen; taken under llieir superintendenee, to determine the line descrilieil in the second artiele of the convention of London (sifjned October L'O, ISIS) between the terminal jioints, viz, the most nurthwcsteiii point of the Lake of the \\'oods and Ihu eastern end of the internatiomil Itoundaryline previously marked between Akamina, in the J{ocky Mountains, and the western coast of North Ameiiea. h. A ease may be, until the said line shall intersect the said parallel of north latitude, and Irom the point of such intersection due west, al(in;j; and with the said parallel, shall be the line of demaikation between the territories ot His liritannie Majesty and those of the I'liited States, and that the said line shall form the d -'(tth October, ISIS, is southern boundary of the said territories of His liritannie Majesty, ami the iu)rthern boundary of the teirilories ot the United States, from the Lake of the Woods to the Stony Mountains." The , 1870. I). II. CAMERON, Major R, A., llvr Britannic Majesty's Commisitioner, London, May 20, 1870. Tho proceedings of the joint commission liaving thus been brought to n conchision, it luljourneil siuc die. In accordance with an estimate of the chief astronomer of the United States conmiission, made immediately preceding the opening session of tho present Congress, the Department was informed that the oflice-work of tho conmiission would be completed at the close of tho present fiscal year, and that a balance of tho ai)pro))riation, amounting t > 815,000, would probably remain unexpended. This contemplated result .low accom- lilished, and is in a great measure due to tho ability and caieu. .vigo- ment of Major Twining, who has had innnediate charge of the surve^y ." tlie boundary-line, and to his assistants. Captain Gregory and Lieutenant Greene, United States Engineers, who have most efficiently and zealously discharged the duties which devolved upon them. Mr. James E. IJangs, the secretary of the commission, who Ins been immediately under my charge, has performed with fidelity and .-iccuracy the various duties j)ertainiiig to his position, and particulul\' chose con- nected with the disbursement of the funds appropriated for the expenses of tho commission. In conclusion, I would respectfully call the attention of the Depart- ment to the report of Dr. lOlliott Cones, the surgeon and naturalist of tho commission, whose eminent abilit}- in the latter jjosition has placed him HFJ'OIfT OF TIIK COMMiaHIONFMf. 88 luiHtn^jr tlio most (listin^-iiislicd of tlioso who Imvo di'voted tliciusi'lvcs f(» tliiH l)rnii('li of Hcioncc. I liiivo tlio lioi or to be, voiy rosiK't'tfiilly, your nlicdicnt servant, AJJCIIIHAI.I) CA.MI'HKI.h, Commhsioiinr Northern lioitudnrjj Surrey. Hon. IlAMii/roN Fish, Sccrcturi) of Slntv, N B- 34 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARV COMMISSION. LIST OFTHK ASTKONOMICAL STATIONS OBSERVED BY THE JOIMT COMMISSION FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY -LINE FROM THE NORTHWEST ANGLE OF THE LAKE OF THE WOODS TO THE KOCKY MOUNTAINS. No. 3 4 5 r> 7 H U 10 11 I'i 13 14 15 10 17 18 19 •JO 21 Ui as 24 25 26 27 28 2Vt 30 31 32 33 34 35 M 37 il't 4' 41 Niinio of the nKtrononiical station. Distance from Lak«of tliu Woods Htatioii. North went aiiRlo Lake of the WowU (joint) Pino River — West RoHean Rii) 377 400 42ti 451 473 4SHi .'■>22 550 507 588 ()15 042 t>55 tw7 702 723 73'.l 700 785 804 825 830 MO 853 7205 1283 4930 .59t!J 0002 0307 1305 3911 7729 1510 (1744 19/5 7150 384(i 289a 3254 2977 4925 5035 1841 3454 (>900 4712 0740 3881 1931 32112 0218 23,57 02-1 30'.': i 03f3 .5770 3100 0J79 3301 0138 3385 0240 2.29 Longitude west of Greenwich. Remarks. 95 !Hi 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 lot; 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 01. 51. 51. 25. 33. 00. 52. 02. 04. 13. 29. 03. 50. 25. 00. 11. 53. 34, 53, 21. 39. 34. 31. 4^. 4.5. 09. 59. 27. 38. 19. 4li. 02. 02. 19. ,50. 25. 35. 39. 19. 50. 39.7 Lat. 49- 82' 19". 137. Oliserved by the joint oomniission, 1801. W. .1. TWliVINC, Captain of Kugineern, riiitvd Stales thief A/itronomer. ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL, United iS/«((« Commiaaioiier, May 29, 1870. S. ANDERSON, (Captain Itoyal Emjintnii, British Chief Astronomer. D. R. CAMERON, Major Royal Artillery, Her Britannic ilojesly's Commissioner, itay 89, 1870. REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER. 35 LIST OK MONUMENTS MAKKING THE INTEKNATIONAL ItorXDAUY-l.INE KROM THE NORTH- WEST ANGLE or THE LAKE OF THE WOODS TO THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS. No 'I'.. — Tbe azimutlm ^ivuu in tliia table oi-o calculated, nntl do not form n pert ol' the ollioiul .t;;rucMiii'Ut of tliu conimiBHiouert*. MONUMENTS MAUKINQ DUE SOUTH LINE. 11 DUtaneo fioutti ol' uortliweat point. Nature or luuiiuuiont. Lonfiitudo west of Greenwich. Aziuiutll. 1.1 11 Azimuth. li O 3 H = Kemorka. Xilei. Link 1 30-1 1 7001 S 9797 3 MM 5 094.'! 6 In&i 7 4J51 / '. 93 08 57. 7 05 03 57. 7 95 08 57. 7 95 08 !•^. 7 05 08 57. 7 95 08 57. 7 95 OS 57. 7 95 08 57. 7 / ' Northwest point in Hwauip. Lati. tuilo 490 23' iiO".;!. Latitude 49= 'W ■.\f"M. Latitude 49^ -ii' i->".ti north of Dnw- 8on road. T.ati1ude 49° 81' 47".8. 1 s Iron pillar do do 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 3 4 5 ti 180 00 00 on 00 00 no 160 00 a 3 4 5 6 7 8 4 5 6 do do Cii-anite cairn Latitude 4!P '.W .'iO".4. Ijvtitndo 49^ lif 21 ".6. Latitude 490 |B'S.V'.4. MONUMENTS FROM LAKE OV THE WOODS WESTWARD. fg Dialanco * p'froiu Lalci'o; go the Woods. « I 1 a 3 4 5 6 1 8 in 11 19 13 14 15 111 17 )8 19 !iO SI !» a3 S4 sii a7 ao 30 ?.\ 38 33 34 33 36 37 MUet Links 3 5 U 13 IS 17 IS 20S0 ai 84 1.54S 85 t>804 89 30 38 Sl.'>4 .33 40:m 3 : 41130 35 493G 3li 4930 37 4930 38 40311 39 4930 40 4930 41 4!l3ll 4i! 5.-d9 43 4930 44 5.'dU 45 4930 40 .Vil9 47 49.W 48 55 1 '.I 49 40313 50 5319 51 4931! 53 S.'d'.l 5:1 4930 54 r>.-)19 53 5519 Iron pillar Karth monnd, 10' xG' Iron pillar Eartli monnil, 10' xt!' Iron pillar Earth luonnd, 10' x 0' Iron pillar Earth mound, WxO' IrtHi pillar Eartli mound, 10' x 0' . In.ti pillar Karth mound, 10' xO' IrunplU'ir do dc . do . do . do . do . do do LonRiliide we^l "1 Greenwich. o < " 1.3 16 5.3. 3 1 80 5i 8 2;i 31. 1 28 47.8 38 4.3. 4 30 48.9 39 81. 8 41 01.0 U 37.9 43 50. R 51 0.'.0 !i5 11.3 ,W 311. 3 go 00 00 1 01 10.9 08 L'H.O 03 5.3. a 03 14.4 00 3.^ C 07 :.'. 7 09 11.9 10 31.1 1 11 50. 8 13 1,3.8 14 as, 3 13 51.0 17 Oti. 1 I« 31.9 19 43. 3 1 ai 10,3 as 3.1.0 a:i 4". 1 a.' IfJ. 80 87.0 1 8i 40. 3 1 81 0.-1. 3 30 ai. 5 31 43,7 33 08. 8 1 31 88. 1 33 41. a 1 37 00, 1 38 39 19,3 38,7 Azimuth. 90 06 07 00 OO 00 07 08 07 00 07 07 07 03 00 00 00 00 00 ■10 Oo 0:1 O'l 01 00 69 .39 .39 .39 90 00 00 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 Azimnth. lieninrks. 270 09 09 10 09 00 09 08 09 09 09 09 09 07 01 01 01 Ot 01 01 01 01 ol 01 01 03 01 03 m 01 03 08 03 08 03 03 03 Oj a I Lake of the Woodh astronomical i (it.atio;i. 4 I •I K:i'.t of northcaat Roaean croBninf;. On ItidKC. At I'Ine Itiver. ^liirkiuKeaHtern iHoindarr of Manl* t \ I Nittiire of luoDiimeiit. 45 40 47 48 4!t 30 ai S3 54 55 58 57 5t) 59 CO fil f 64 05 M 67 e« 6» 70 71 7a 73 74 75 76 77 ■u 7» HO 81 83 84 M 87 88 rtf 90 111 18 93 94 95 96 97 93 99 ino 101 IDi 1U3 104 105 10« 107 108 109 110 111 llli 113 114 115 116 117 118 Jflfc». 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 74 73 74 75 78 77 78 79 80 81 83 83 .!4 83 80 87 88 88 89 90 91 DJt 93 04 95 96 97 ICO 101 103 lo:i 104 105 1U6 107 108 109 110 111 113 113 114 115 110 117 118 119 ISO 131 13S 133 134 133 K'6 137 133 139 i:io 131 133 134 Linkn. 5319 5319 5519 5519 5519 S5I9 5519 55|i> 5519 5519 5-.19 5519 5349 5.il9 5919 5519 5519 5519 5519 5519 ' 5ri9 1 5510 . 5319 . 5519 . 5519 1. 49.ir '. 5519 5519 I 5519 '. 5519 '. 5919 I 5519 ' 5319 , 5519 I 5519 , 5-19 5.M9 I S.>19 i 3519 ' 5519 5519 5511 55 1 i) 5: 10 551!) 5519 5519 5519 5519 5519 5319 55;j i 6319 I 5519 ; 5519 I 5519 i 5519 5519 'i 5519 , 5519 I 5519 I 5319 , 5519 ' 3519 ' 3319 5519 3519 3310 3319 5310 IKM3 3307 Iron pUlar . do do .... ilo .... ilo ... do .... no . ... ilo ... do... do .... do .... do... do.... do.... Ho .... do.... do... do .... do... do .... ilo ... ilo .... do ... do .... do... do ... do.. . do... ilo.... do.... do .... do .... do... do .... do.... do .... do .... do... do... ilo .... do .... do .. . Ill) .... do... do .... do .... Ilo do ... do.... do.... do... do.... do.... do.... do .... do ... d> .. . il> .... do... do . .. do .... di> .... do .... do .... do .. . .... do ... do .... do .... do ... do ... do .... do.... 134 8519 do . 1.T5 5519 I do . do 11 e 3 Longitude Wilht of Azinintb. OriMiuwii'li. H •" 1 II > 96 40 .57. 9 90 01 44 43 17. 1 01 43 43 311. 3 01 411 44 55. 4 01 47 46 14. U 01 43 47 Xt. 8 01 41 48 .VI. 9 04 .50 M U. 1 04 51 51 31.3 03 53 .'>3 50. 5 04 33 34 09. « 01 34 .'i5 3^. H 04 33 M i". 114 .56 M 01.3 04 .57 .51 3li. 3 04 53 97 00 45. 5 01 59 03 01.7 04 f.O ) 3.1. 1 01 111 04 41.0 04 8J 0(i 0.'. 3 04 63 07 31.4 01 lil 03 40. (i 01 115 01 51. 7 04 CO 11 18.9 04 07 13 38. 1 04 113 13 51.3 03 119 13 .-17. 3 00 70 15 16.4 00 71 111 M.'i. II 00 73 17 51.8 00 73 '.1 14.0 00 74 30 33. 1 00 75 31 53. 3 00 711 3:1 11 3 00 77 34 30. 7 00 73 35 41. 3 10 71 37 01. no 30 33 Sri. 3 00 31 31 47. 1 00 33 31 Oli. 5 00 33 ;i3 3.-.. T 00 31 33 14. 1 1:0 35 35 04. 1 01 .11) ;ilj 33. 3 00 87 37 43. 4 00 81 39 01.11 00 39 40 30. >* 00 !I0 41 3'. 9 89 .57 91 ■.-' K). I 57 93 44 13.3 .57 91 43 37. 5 37 94 46 50. 6 .57 t5 43 3:1. 7 37 90 49 3.5. 11 37 97 .50 54. 1 57 9H .53 13.3 ,57 99 .53 33. 5 37 100 .54 51.7 57 101 58 10. 1 37 103 57 30. 1) 36 103 33 41. 3 .56 104 93 CO 08. 4 3I1 105 01 37. 53 108 03 40. 7 54 107 04 O.-i. 9 51 103 05 3.5. 1 .53 101 06 41.3 51 110 03 03. 4 51 111 01 33 li 54 113 10 41.3 .53 113 13 Oli. 5 54 114 14 07.3 SO 00 115 14 31.3 00 118 15 53, 5 00 117 17 17. 11 (•O .53 113 370 03 03 03 03 05 05 05 04 05 05 05 05 05 03 05 05 01 Oi 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 00 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 111 01 01 01 01 01 01 811 53 Tf* ,53 ,53 53 53 ,58 53 58 .58 5b 53 57 57 ,57 .58 55 54 51 .54 55 370 00 00 00 3(19 ,51 Remarks. East of Rnnenu Rldse. WoHt of KoHoau KiilfE^' West barik of Joo Riror. EaHt of Rotl River. KimI River astroiioQiical Btation. Miirais River. ManitobA principal meridian. CintntH. or Polnte Michel. B.iMe of Ponibinf\ Monntnin. Nonr wcBt bnnk of rombina Rivor. I'op of ridj!t> went nf Poinbliio River. Xear Unlteil Rtaton natronomtcA] HlatioD No. 4. UEPOKT OF TUE OOMMISSIONEU. 37 List of the monumenia tiiarkiiig the iiitcriialioiiiil lioiimlnrn-liin; .t'c. — C'oiitiiiiieil. fea' Distance ■= g j from l.iiko of la tbo Woodii. 3fit«. I'M i;n m i;w l-ii i;)ii va 140 Kl 141 l'J5 14J 1-M 14a l■i^ 144 1-2H M3 lau 146 tail 147 i; IfO IBl 183 16J 1<-J i(;:t lr6 llil m IH1 191 r i 19.-. i" ■ WS It ■H){ iw 293 1-4 It' 1-16 177 Hn 179 leo 18! l83 184 18.1 18(i 187 18<< 1-9 l!10 ■.,110 .'■i 1118 Hi ij) 8;i;i ii35 Liitkn- 5519 5519 551H 5519 55 1 U 5519 551!) 5519 551!) STil'J 55 1 » 5519 5519 5519 5519 5519 5519 5519 5519 UI9 5519 .•■519 5519 5519 5519 5519 5519 S519 5519 5519 5.-1I9 5519 oiao 5519 6519 0998 7154 700v! 5485 6527 7412 1414 I 3911 3911 1-AJ8 5717 127J 3911 7J11 77i9 7729 5582 7729 !99« .■'7 57 ,57 57 .57 58 57 54 M ,14 .'■4 54 ,54 54 54 54 52 S3 54 .53 ."U .53 54 54 54 53 53 5J 54 90 01 01 Ul 02 01 01 0: 01 Ul no 01 Ul 01 01 Ul 02 02 02 B9 57 .17 57 i — = i- Azimuth C^s !" ■* 1 t 309 58 131 59 122 58 12;) 58 124 .58 IS5 68 liO 58 127 58 128 58 12!) .IS 130 58 131 5.8 133 58 133 58 131 ,18 135 58 136 1 58 137 58 138 : 58 i:i!i 1 ,18 14) 58 141 1 58 112 ,58 141 ,1^ 144 .18 145 .1(1 140 ,18 147 57 148 ,1.1 149 .1.1 1.10 1.11 55 1.12 54 1.13 .15 1.14 5.1 1.16 .55 1.17 54 1.18 .Kl 1.19 .1.1 ICO 55 161 51 162 .1(1 163 5(1 164 5(1 Mil 57 IliO 57 167 5) 108 50 169 270 04 170 04 171 1 U4 172 01 113' 0.1 174 ' 04 175 I 01 170 1 04 177 1 04 178 03 179 03 180 UJ l8l 05 l82 0.1 183 04 184 04 |8j ni IMi U3 187 03 lf'8 00 189 (10 190 (11 191 (10 192 00 I9;i on 194 2t(-!itaiks, Ennt bank of Inrue rouI6. \ear cotilt', r.int linnk. Nvar croAsing of Ilairnroed trail. Wi'Hturu btmiiiliiry (if Mniiitolia. Sleepy Ilnlliiw list I niiominilHlat ion. I Tiiiilt' Moiuitaiii, ciwt, nHtniiKim- icul slatiiu. EhhI Hluircof Hmithlarv Lake. IIIkIi ri(l^t> onM nl Siininiit Lake On H!ti|)B ot Tiii'il*' MiMuitaii), uiiil uiitHidoof tiruhii". Kant n( Tnilti- Mtiiiiitaiii, wi'Nt as- troiiomicul Htutinii. First (Ti>H,>»!iiy or Mmiso Ilivi'i on «*AMl baiiK,HHiroiiuiiili:al ttiatiiru Itiuhl hunk nrSMiilh .VtiOit < 'ri fk. l.i'K bunk ol SiHitb Anilt'i Cni-k- i : I 88 J 3 Sf. 194 IDS 196 197 198 199 800 «)1 SOS S03 S04 806 807 808 809 810 811 SH 913 814 813 SIO i.'17 818 8ID 220 221 222 283 824 225 226 227 828 8J9 8ao 831 232 8^13 834 835 830 837 838 8:19 8J0 841 243 243 814 245 846 247 21S 249 a.")0 S'll 852 853 8.' 4 855 856 857 '£■'■' 259 8110 ati 202 26;i 864 1(65 UNITED STATES NORTQERN BOUNDARY COMVIISSION. List of the monumcnU tnorking the international houndary-line, ' x 6'* do- Store, 12' X 7'* Eanh mound, 12' x 6'* do do do do do do do Earth mound, 10' x 5' do St ne. l(,'xr>' do Eanh, 10'x5' , do do Stone, 10' X .V .ilo . «0'. Eartll. 14' ■ do Eartll mound, 14': do do do do Stono, 12' xO' Stuno, 10' X 5' do Earth mound, 10' > do do. .do. .do . do Longitude west of Greenwich. Etu*: h luouud, 14' X 6' . do do 101 31 14.9 25 12. 4 28 03.9 30 .52. 9 34 a). 7 37 50.8 41 00.2 46 0.''. 9 49 1.5. 1 53 00. 1 M 57. 57 56. 102 01 53.6 05 51. 1 09 5:1. 6 13 40. 1 17 56. 81 41. S 26 85. 8 32 10. 34 41.4 38 30. 8 41 49.7 45 47. 5 43 41). 9 59 00. 9 !U 34. 4 .57 51. I 103 02 O.-". 3 00 49. 1 11 11.2 14 35. 7 17 51.2 83 54. 1 28 29. 3 31 21.3 34 .53.7 38 10.0 41 3'J.8 45 10. 4 49 58. 2 54 52. 8 .58 .53. 5 104 03 08. 6 05 31.0 09 00. 4 12 14. 15 08. 4 18 4.5 5 82 31). 27 3".. 32 49. 4 36 31. 7 39 53. 6 43 5U. 2 47 12. 4 51 20.4 .53 49. 4 58 43. 105 03 39. 2 07 39. 12 21. 4 12 4.5.9 16 4.5. 6 20 50. 3 24 .53. 5 29 58.3 3:1 .57. 7 39 .53. 1 41 39.3 45 311. 7 49 *>. Azimotii.; il S o 3 Ha 89 57 57 .58 52 52 .52 52 52 .52 SI 51 47 58 5i .58 57 .57 .57 57 90 01 06 05 05 05 I 216 0« ! 217 06 I 218 I 59 222 .59 223 .56 I 224 .57 1 225 65 56 57 56 90 06 06 Oli 06 06 00 : 23; 00 I 236 07 1 237 1 49 238 49 ; 2.39 49 240 49 49 49 49 49 49 90 02 02 02 02 01 00 00 00 05 04 03 ! 04 03 ■ 04 89 54 54 257 I 2.58 2.59 200 201 202 203 2tU Azimuth. 370 00 370 00 369 55 54 65 .55 53 55 5'J 56 49 870 a I 11 s a HO I Remarks. 0. 01 01 2U, 01 21U 00 211 01 213 08 213 08 214 08 315 08 316 0-1 317 08 218 07 219 03 220 03 921 <3 222 03 2i>J 03 924 869 .59 225 269 69 226 870 00 227 870 00 228 809 59 229 8li9 59 3:10 870 09 2:11 09 2:12 09 2:1:1 09 2:14 09 2:15 09 2;io 09 237 08 238 S69 52 2:19 52 240 1 52 241 52 242 I .52 24:1 52 244 52 245 52 240 52 347 370 05 248 05 249 1 05 2.50 04 251 05 2.52 04 2.->3 03 254 03 253 06 2,-i6 07 9.57 07 258 07 2..9 07 200 07 201 ; 07 202 1 00 211:1 ' 269 57 204 1 .57 263 57 2(W i Ou piMiriu noar South AntlerCreck East hank of Mouse River, neai road. Se'-md erossinix Mouse Rircr 'Tiinomlcnl station. .'UiviftreilpH Lacs. •L cf Kividre lieu Lacs. AritroDoraical statioD. Eostbankof conl<^. EiHt bank Slmrt Creek. Brilish asironomical station, Shnn CnMJk, west bank. !N^oar Half-Breed road, east bank of Mduse Uivpr. Wepl of Muusu Kivor. T' .-d Motiso nttronomical station. East of Monae lliver. ^^'eBt o( MouHe Uivcr. Grand Cott ail Hstromtuitcal station, bnao of Coteau, Mid Cote^iu astronouiioal station. East side of larae ctmU. West f«ido ol largo tDut6. Ui^ Muddy astronomical station. Eist of Pynmiid Crook. On wt'Ht Idnlf i'.vraniid C'rt'ok. East of liig Mtiddv River. West of llig MiH'.dy itiver. Rullv Sprins, United 8lat«s astro uoudcal station No. II. In a broad valley. In valley of I'opt r River. Toplur RivL-ratitroDuniioalitatiun REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER. 39 Ual of the moiiumenia markvig the inlernationiil hoHiidarn-UiK, '2 .1H5 588 .191 506 oOfl 601 605 608 613 615 618 621 624 627 o;ifl 033 635 6:19 642 643 646 649 651 655 658 S:i.17 661 2357 664 2357 667 2:1.17 3103 0704 2323 7643 1010 7704 7513 3375 6740 1007 8460 3708 2270 8:133 3881 3881 3881 3«81 3881 3?nl : 3881 ' l'J31 j 6187 ! 5787 1 0-J3-I 1 21f3 i 67rtl I 6.193 0:i78 3202 3202 1085 2737 0.171 4403 4i!05 44.19 4147 0218 68.16 2:195 3001 1113 2337 Stone, WxO'* .....do* do* do* do* d,i' Earth moniiil, 18' x 6'* stone, W X 6'* do* 670 67:1 2:1: 2:117 do* do* do* do* do* Stone, la- X 6'* do't Stone, W X 6'» do't do* do-t do*l do* do* do* do* do* do* do* do* Stone, 18' X 6'* Stone, 10' X 6" do* .do* do* .d.." Stoni> and earth monnd UY X 6'*. Stone, 10' X 6" do* do" , do* do* Earth mound. 18' x ?'• Stone, 10'x6"t do't do't dot... dn* dn'l do't Slono, lO'xS" , 105 .1:1 31. 8 .17 39. 3 106 01 26.8 0.1 10. 5 I 09 21.8 13 34.3 ! 15 11.9 18 14.7 I 80 34.3 I o;j f).j_ [ I 211 .III I : 31 31. 1 35 2:1. 4 41 o;i. 9 I 41 31.5: 46 31.5 I .10 13. 8 .13 47.3 ,1.-< 00. 1 107 03 50. :i 05 43.3 13 0.1. 1 16 00. 8 20 36.5 23 48. 3 26 51. 9 33 30. ,■16 29. 9 40 1:1.2 42 53. 1 45 4.1. 8 49 4:1. 4 .1:1 40.9 .17 ;i«. 4 108 01 :).1. 9 05 3:1.5 09 31.0 13 09. 3 17 48.8 34 80. 8 37 3:1. 3 31 21.0 36 2 1. :i 40 Is. 9 45 .1:1. 3 4< .Vl. 5 53 .17. .16 :I3. 6 109 01) 47. 5 04 3:1. 6 08 .19.0 11 3:1.4 15 3.1. 5 20 49, 1 21 07. 7 26 33. 6 29 46. 33 39. 6 36 09. 8 41 38.2 45 3.1. 7 49 3:1. 3 53 30. 7 57 28. 8 no nl 2.1.8 05 33.3 10 19.5 89 54 54 54 54 54 54 00 1:0 00 89 ,19 90 00 89 ,19 90 00 00 00 04 01 04 04 05 05 89 .17 57 .17 57 57 57 .15 54 90 08 08 08 118 08 1.8 08 08 08 89 51 51 .10 51 50 .14 267 ' 268 : 869 . 870 I 90 05 871 05 1 272 i 05 374 04 275 05 376 05 277 04 278 05 879 05 880 Sfl9 .17 267 57 268 .16 209 57 ; 270 56 1 271 870 07 I 872 07 I 273 07 ; 374 07 I 373 08 276 07 i 277 08 ! 278 OS I 279 07 280 07 281 03 ' 283 02 38;i 03 ! 284 0:1 i 3"5 03 I 386 03 ' 387 0:1 ' 381 289 290 2111 0:1 03 07 08 07 07 07 07 00 00 Oil Oil 00 00 00 269 58 .19 58 58 .'8 5-1 270 11 II II II II 10 II II It 269 .'kl .13 r>:i 5:1 54 Kemarks. We«t Poplar River aj^tn>nomical til at ion. On edge of wewt lirnnch Popl.ir Rlvor. East of Mtlle Roi'kv Creek. Little Rm-ky Un^ek antronomical Htation; weat of creek. On eaM Idiltfid' Frenrhnuiii's Lreek. On weuthlnfl'of Frenchnian'sCreeli. Fri'iiehniairt) Cri'i'k UHtroiiomical HtatioD. Kear li'ke. Cottoiiwo.)d coiiltS astronomical Htation. On west bank of (.'ottonwooil conlt'. Pool on Prairie notronoDiical Bta- tit>u. \i-ar (lOOHe Lake netronomioul Htation. K.isl FnrU aNtronoiniCKl Btdtion, in river liottom. West Fork. aRtnmomit-al Htation, in river bottmn. Milk River Lake .latronomioal Hta- tion. « ;■! i 40 UNITED STATES NOKTHEKN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. Lint of the monumeHia marking the inttrnatioital boundarg-litte, tf-c. — Contiuiied. ■3 . 11 DiHtance from Lake of the Wuod8. N:i-) do* do* do* do* 303 do* . . . 364 •Ifil Stone, 19 X 6'* Stoiie, 10' X 6'* Antronomical station soiitli branch Milk River, on weat bank. 3rit> do* 267 3«f do* do* 3m do* 370 . ...do* Eaat. blnff north brancli of Milk 371 37a 371 do* do* do* 1 .ver, aatronointv..! station. On Milk River Ridge. In valley. On bigb ridge. 374 375 . ..do' do* East of Saint Mary's River. West of Saint Marj'a River. 376 377 378 379 1W) . ..do* o.oiiC, 12'x0"t 8tone,I0'x6"t do* Stone 19' X 6" Rocky Mountain njtrononiioal stA- tiou, near lake Bcll.v River aatmnoniical station. 1AI Chief MonnUiiu Lake aslrunoinicnl 1t»? 7'x6' station. Summit of Rocky Monutaius. * Indicates that nn irou tablet was biirieil S feet deep and 10 f^et east of tbe monamcnt ; and t indicates that an iron tablet naa borlod also In tbe center of the moauineat. ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL. VniUd States Commuitiimer. D. R. CAilEKOX, Major /i'. A., Her Jtritannic Majetiiy'a Commissioner, May 99, 187C. W. J. TWINING. Captain of Engineers, Vnited States Chief Astronomer. S. ANDERSON. Captain lioyal Engineers, liriiish Chief Astronomer, UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. REPORTS CHIEF ASTRONOMER AND HIS ASSISTANTS. 41 fi UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. Washington, U. C, Fehrmry 14, 1877. Sir: I liave the honor to submit my final report as chief astronomer and surveyor of the northern boundary. The maps and records of the commission have already been fowarded to the Department, but the text of my own report has been withheld on account of a delay in completing some computations relating to the decli- nations of the stars used. As it now appears that the work cannot be finished before the 23 d of the present month, and as it is desirable that the records should be completed at once, I send my report to you herewith, and will, as soon as practicable, forward to the Department the unfinished discussion of the standard places of fixed stars, as an appendix. As this work forms no part of the record of the commission, but was undertaken as a matter of scientific interest, I can now inform you that the work of the commission is complete. The subreports of the officers, and a complete index of the records, were sent to the Department in July last. In closing my connection with the Northern Boundary Commission, I desire to express my appreciation of the kindly courtesy which you have always extended to me and to the oflicers under my command, and to say that it is a source of gratification to know that my labors have met with your constant approval. 43 TTf 44 UNITED STATES NORTUEUN BOUNDAllY COMMISSION. My thanks iiro duo to Cupt, J. F. Gregory and Lieiit. F. V. Grcoiio, and to assistants Lewis Hoss, C. L. Doolittle, O. S. Wilson, and A. Downing for the intelligent !'nd thorough manner in which they have peri'onnod the duties assigned to them. * » « « « I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, W. J. TWINING, Captain of EmjiHters, Chwf Astronomer. Abcuibald Campukll, Esq., Commissioner of the Northern Boundary. Washington, February IT), 1877. Sir: In compliance with the request of Major Twining, United States Engineers, I have the honor to transmit herewith to the Department his report as chief astronomer of the late Northern Boundary Commission. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL, Late Commissioner Northern Boundary Survey. Hon. Hamilton Fish, Secretary of State. R IC F O R T oi- CAPT. W. J. TWINING, CO.™ OF ,™,K„,„, ,„,v,;t ..„„„, „. .. .„ „,„» ,„„„Ko„,„ „„ „■„,„.„. REPORT. CHAPTER 1. GENERAL. CHAHACTEKISTICS OF THE COUNTRY Sir: The portion of the continent traversed by that part of the northern boundary of the United States surveyed by this commission, has heretofore been little known, by far the larger part being unexplored. Lying off the usual lines of travel, and presenting no inducement to commercial enter- prise, there was nothing to bring its actual value fairly to the notice of the general public, while the rigor of the climate, the lack of forest, and the distance from railway conmmnication effectually checked immigration. To the disadvantages already named may also be added the dangers of Indian warfare and the destructive incursions of grasshoppers. The experience of the British settlements along the Red River of the North, even to Lake Winnipeg, extending through nearly seventy years, has been one of almost unprecedented hardship, degenerating in later times into a mere struggle for existence. Cut off almost entirely from communication with the outer and progressive world, the forms of civilized life finally gave way, and were superseded by the manners of a nomadic semi-barbarous people, though, even in this stage of decay, the natural politeness of a French ancestry and the teachings of a foAv pious priests of the Catholic Church had left their impress on the succeeding generations. The peculiar isolation of the distant regions lying about the Lakes Winnipeg and Manitoba, and the ten-itory drained by the rivers emptying into these vast bodies of water, is due, not simply to distance from the centers of civilization, for their distance from the settled portions of Canada, and from the ocean communication by the Saint Lawrence, is no greater, and, in fact, is much less, than that of many of the Northwestern States 47 TF f ! ^i^ 48 UNITED STATES NOUTIIEUN BOUNDAUV COMMISSION. and Terntoiios of the United Stntes from their respective contei's of trade along tlie eastern eoast. Tlie (lifl^K;lllt^• has been in the singnlarly iui])rae- ticalde natnre of the conntry, and of the water-routes lyinj^ to the north- west of Lake Superior. This region of swamps and sterile p.ine-lands has ojiposed an effectual barrier to connnunication toward the Canadas, and has fiU'ced the traftic of these remote* settlements to fnid an outlet th.rongh Minnesota, and thetico to the seaboard. Within the last few years, the rapid growth of the great States of the Northwest has given an impulse to the more distant T(irritories beyond, so fhat now the lines of settlement are stretching our, up the rich valley of the Red River, and rajiidly extending to the west, along tho smaller streams flowing into that water-course. Thus a better knowledge of tlu* resources of the great Northwest has been obtained thmugh the slow ])rogress of actual setth'ment. '!'he survey of the northern bomidary, from the Lake of the Woods to i!> '•<»ck) Mountains, b}' giving the results of (.irefui examination along a ctmtinuous liui, has already contributed lavgely to the actual knowledge necessary to fonn a correct judgment in regard to the resources and pnd)- able future of a vast tract of country which was, at one time, classed, by unthinking and careless writers, as part of the "Great American Desert," and ii few years later "xalted by the pame ci.'s:; of authorities into some- thing' little less tl.an a tropii-al paradise. Jt is of vital importance to the interests ot the Northwest that the (piestion of the fertility and general availability for settlement of the region east of the Rocky Mountains, comprising the nrrthern part of Dakota and Montana, should l)(i definitely settled iii (U'der that a just understanding of the climatic conditions and otiier considerations may induce a gradual and healthful innnigration. It is useless to expect to find repeated in these high northern latitudes all tlie favorable conditions of soil and climate fomid in the Middle States. On the other hand, it is not well to exaggerate the excellence of the special productionc of the norther.i lands, since the fictual facts are sufficient to warrant their settlement and cultivation. The great agricultural bonanza of America was found in the valley of the Mississippi, o<'cupied by the Aliddle Western States. No other portion REPOlvT OF THE CDIEF ASTHONOMEU. 49 of the continent can unite the various advantages possessed by tliose broad and fertile plains, since in no other part may we expect to find the richness of soil favored by the clin)ate necessary to a widely-vaned production. In the extreme Northwest, we may, however, reasona')ly expect to find that certain specialties in agriculture will well repay tlii3 lalior of cultivation. Thus, the test of actual settlement has proved the spec.'al adaptation of the soil and climate of the far Northwest to ihe jiroduci; ni of wheat, barley, oats, and the hardier sorts of vegetables. In these specialties, the large ])roduction compensates for the lack of more varied agricultural resources. There is, however, a limit 'o the extent of the arable lands fixed by the amount of the annual rain-fall. Conunencing witli the valley of the Red River, where the annual deposition amounts to from seventeen to nineteen inches, the amount of the rain-fall decreases, until in longitude 100° it will scarcelv exceed seven inches. Here we find a fact which sets a limit to the western extension of the cultivated area of the Unit(>r -vhosc operation this immense territory has become what it now is, will scarcely be materially affected by the future efforts of man. A Ijrief expi ^tion of the characteristics of the country will make clear what has been said, and will servo to explain the general scope of the work performed by the engineers of the commission. Considered in a general sense, with regard to level and superficial character, the country extending from the Lake of the Woods to the Rocky Mountains, in the vicinity of the forty-ninth parallel of latitude, may bo dividol into four distinct areas: 1st. The region of swamps, fr,rmhig the snmmit-level drained by the ]Mississip[)i, the Red River, and the streams flowing north from the Lake of the Woods; id. The -'alley of the Red River; 3d. The prairie plateau, extending from the eastern escarpment of the I'embina Mountains t■• y *'^,- •^v^ X I! I 4 •NITKD STATK-i NOUTIIEHN BOriNDAB^ t,"OM.M»88«<> ii'h'>rsect6 no stream of any importance from the '■ mid that this, in itsell'', JH 8uffici(iut 1 iu^v iuwr. lij-. iuj^aciunliy ciiia uagrowtlv -if trt-es, or (n'ori biishesj of vnj sixi-, foi ," di>*+aiico of hlx ininJrod m\w^, h; riortb:;.~.- wouhl cxteiid "Ai.'r a birgx- part (;t' iho. Teriitorv Judging from iho arniwtls ftloiig th** >!>>»«») .Kivrr, it sc-ct, rnbivblA thai the vrest- .n ; ■ of tht* <.-xtt.>: (htM- by Ji;itur;i] growth or ' • •' 'lili'^'i tojH)j;!":ij>h_v "1 K''.- V '■ [• :js ..n'tw^wu b«i l.a.k' •' ' • W ^Ofls ai . .; KV 5li»!!i^tHiu3i.s sijjcnilarJy ';n kinjjf in j>>iijt}> or u . ... ■;rf'rest. and I havf. l In *•'''": o-o. (.•■■niiiuxi the folii wi;i^' ilcsc-iptiMn to euf";. loattfi's »» rrsM'^i iiiKi'.'i't-uul'nj'' of d;!- .a.stn'fioirucal uuil tO|)ogra[*h- are. noccs^ar; Jcal work of thtj comtiii¥*it)ii. i'*v(iij>h^to nrn! aci'uratc a.coimt of the j(e<>Io}?-y ^nd rt'Sonrc<\s ol tat *Muatiy in ilie \-ictniry of tJio bottudary-hTUJ Vvvill he >oiutd in tho ropi.rt i>f Mr. l)aw'ion, iho g«n)logi»t ticdi»ion, w],: ' *.. '. ..,lv- published. ' '»' deucriptitfU of iho i^.-i.!«?" (>r>;)imtinication» !; k-.s Supoiior !<) X-dkii WiiiTiipog*. and of tli" rorrnw^st territor so boiiudary -liK'^ 4U»d tho 8a»kai.rh<'Waii liiv»:T, ii;c !u> tf poit of tho CaiiaduWi Exploring Kxp 81ATES NOKiLIKKN DOUNDAltV CUMMibiaiON. ■ ; al)Out filty miles, wUhh f do not tiiitik h muloriilly icdiK ,.,,, ■ lUi rfikki'^- thijj as li'c luiiturm widtli, tho uutiro area within iLm fliiuiai.^ the Uiiitoil yt;Uofi nm br estimated at about U),t.H»o sqnan; niihis, uf wliieii .!: ' !?i-eafc'r purt can ha ou.'tiviited. Tl.c Domini .- ^ ... y, and piv- IV'tubina ;. >!n!;ts •,!.■ ^ ■ •ro'ni(4y tjiivt, ^.; y*- HKi ,!ji.:ili.!i,. .Vir, it j,s, tllcir rlToHS ail- )>V I'D '"^'' ■ ' '• • u;t>-(.- cttoiiy o! .Mcniioriitf-s aniuiiutiuix Sd Mf\(;vul •U'H-toiid, h'X' ,(j: liimi betw».;u Poi-x!. JV|.;.:!)f'l fioil ilk hruMnsi MiHiiituifi-. '1. ■^M appaitMHtly s>'!('Ctrd tli-jir }i(M;i<'t {.Cv:aii-!(3 ihov liisUi,. a ;'(;].i!lj]i<'an iovm of <>-ti"^<'mmonr. TiMv arc imlijAin- ow, rtoln iii.l iui. J, and, altlt.'i!.i>'ii (1h'\- urt' dor,ii-.i( d ti> 'jvcai sulVcr •*iH>cc fi it. niakin.L' *"r l!iinnsei\f,-, (.-.vJuiVinablr lioinc., ■^;di.»(;p»«r>. udii- '; '.( it si-^'i,!.! l Vt !■' ' . (lie ; i'i <■'?*: tt* hi' lii'iiiNiM V I li'i'-, t:(T i.Vn- On'rCvJifi • > If tdc III .!|>-. i' ' lidiiilit ^:.ii KHt fl!W| X. H. H,>:' ,iiUv",j, i - I \.i)i. I' will hi- met ^;r':<-i-^si'jily im tun plain-, of >s(>!tl.:-, ^h'Ji i fiU,i:< .iwd Mauit'dia. Tii '*'-;«bin;. Mtiuotain, wliich l>f,rd.;r^ ii,i' \m ^-^t. : ,.d:f t Ju- K; d ■ t 'jt .- ' . v:if- ;,-< i'l'(ll;:J''i!i i'l (Jll- V Vfd. l.l.l Mi>-' I'll ■ l-r i>l.-,lli.t t!l. .-wrb ti. • ■■-I rpnp't!! '-I .'l ..rn urgt', cna.'f,.^ i',., t»j pifoiis vyidth -4 d't »«.»n;^li ♦■in,; i- :ij<,( .• i" \>*; T!,r t-)->t.>i!i f'trt, «»i' (Ji;.- nn-ii.ii.ii! . ;,.„ ii!|M. tpat..- o i7t REPORT OP THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER. 59 sharp in tho vicinity of tho boundary, becomes much more gentle both to the north and south, so that at the distance of a few miles it is reduced to a long, rolling slope, at the foot of which the numerous small streams empty- ing into tho Red River take their rise. Being protected from prairie-fires, the slopes are covered with a very fair growth of forest, which on the south of tho line is mostly of oak of small size. The distance along the line, from the foot of the eastern slope to tho level of the second prairie plateau, including the width of tho gorge o? the Pembina River, is thirteen miles. From the point thus reached, the 'c .'el prairie extends westward to the foot of the Turtle Mountain, without presenting to the eye any special points worthy of description. TURTLE MOUNTAIN. This elevation, which, like the Pembina Mountain, is only so called by compai-ison, is an irregular mass of drift, rising at the highest point to not more than 500 feet above the general level. The eastern slope is gentle, while the western escarpment is quite sharp. It is covered by a continuous forest of birch, aspen, and oak, interlaced with briers and wild- pea vines, forming an almost impenetrable thicket. Many fine lakes were found along the line of the boundary, one of which is more than a mile in width. It was named Lake Farquhar, out of courtesy to the first chief astronomer of the commission. The width of the mountain, from east to west, was found to be thirty-four miles. Its extension in the direction of its greatest length, from northwest to southeast, is somewhat greater. As the entire contour of the mountain was not surveyed, the exact proportion lying Within the limits of the United States cannot be stated exactly, but may be given approximately at two-thirds of the whole. The Indians report that many small prairies are found in the southern part, and that the general surface is less rugged. THE MOUSE RIVER. From tho western slope of the Turtle Jlountain to the foot of the Cotoau the line crosses what may be called the valley of the Mouse River. Tiiis stream rises to the north of Woody Mountain, and runs southeast until it strilces the boundary. It then iollows, nearly parallel to tho line, eastward for about seventy miles, when, making a bold sweep U> the south- i \ k ,1 it 60 UNITED STATES NORTDBRN BOUNDAUY COMMISSION. east for a liundred miles, it doubles back upon its course, and, crossing the line again twenty miles west of Turtle Slountain, empties into tlio Assini- boine. The distance across the bend on the forty-ninth parallel is only fifty miles. The boundary actually crosses this stream four times. There is a good growth of forest along the valley projjcr of the river, beginning at the second crossing, and oading about twenty milco south of the first crossing west of Turtle Mountain. THE BIVli:R£ DBS LACS. Sixteen miles west of the second crossing of the Mouse River, the lino cuts the head of the Riviere des Lacs. This singular stream heads far within the bend of the Mouse River, and, at first sight, impresses one strongly as being an ancierit bed of that stream. The lake in which it heads is long and narrow, apparently draining only a very small area of flat prairie. It is undoubtedly fed by springs, for the surface-drainage is totally inadequate to furnish the necessary water-supply. The water itself is foul with vegetable decay, although there is but little of rank aquatif, growth to be seen. Three miles north of the line, and just at the northwest point of this singular lake, stands the prominent buttc known as the "Hill of the Mur- dered Scout." So level is the general surface that the hill, although oi small elevation, is the prominent landmark for many miles. Looking from its summit, the deep valley of the Mouse River, on the north and east, may bo distinctly traced. Toward the south and west, the Coteau of the Mis- souri bounds the sight, forming apparently a steep and continuous barrier. This illusive appearance is merely the result of distance, for on nearer approach, the mighty ridge becomes a series of swelling slopes, stretching out in endless convolutions t^ the far horizon The legend from which this isolated butto takes its name is curiously illustrative of the habits of the nomadic. Lidian tribes. As told me by an ancient half-breed, it ran as follows: Late in the fall of 18i50, a party of Assiniboines, extending their wanderings for to the east of their own coun- try, camped on the point of the lake to the north of the butte. One of their number, ascending the hill to watch the surrounding country for traces REPORT OP THE CDIEF ASTRONOMER. 61 of hostile occupation, discovered a camp of Sioux close under the hill on the south. Cautiously approaching the crest, he came suddenly upon a Sioux warrior lying rolled in his buffalo-robe, and apparently overcome with sleep. Seizing a largo fragment of granite rock, the Assiniboine ajjproached his foe with stealthy step. With one vigorous blow ho struck the Sioux, and fearing to have missed his aim, or that it might not have been fatal, turned and ran from the spot. Looking back and seeing his enemy quivering on the ground, he returned and dispatched him. In memory of this deed, which, in the scjile of Indian glory, ranks far above the honor of a well-contested fight, he dug in the gravelly soil the figure of a man lying at full length, with outstretched legs and uplifted arms. lie also scooped out each of the footprints marking his path as he fled. Those marks, though only a few inches deep, were still distinctly visible when I visited the .spot in the stmmer of 1873, and will probably remain for many years. In the hollow representing the head of the mui'dered man there was Ji red granite stone, smooth, oblong in shape, and about eight inches in greatest diameter, which was said to have been the stone used. From the Hill of the Murdered Scout, the country is a level or gently- rolling prairie to the foot of the Coteau. Along the valley of the Mouse River, in this interval, there are numerous outcrops of lignite, for an account of which see Dawson's report, before referred to. THE COTEAU OF THK MISSOURI. The Coteau of the Missouri is one of the singular physical character- istics of the region. It extends in a direction from northwest to southeast for many hundred miles, with a height of from two hundred to three hun- dred feet. At the line it has a width of forty-five miles, though without a distinct western slope. The eastern slope is distinctly visible for a great distance, and retains its apparent abruptness of outline nearly to the cross- ing of the Northern Pacific Railway, though at that point the rise is so gradual as to be almost imperceptible. What its northern extension may be is not well known, though it certainly extends beyond the Woody Mountain. It consists of a mass of drift, containing no rock in place, and very similar in appearance to Turtle Momitain, which is npparently one of its out! vers. 62 UNITED STATES NOItTUERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. i 1 I From Turtle Mountain to the southeast, there is a series of rough hills with intervals of rolling prair'd, extending to Devil's Lake, and thence to Lake Jesse, forming, with the Coteau of the Prairie on the eastern border of Minnesota, a line of drift-fonuation almost exactly jjarallel, and similar in character to the Coteau of the Missouri. The Coteau forms, in the latitude of the boundary, jn-etty nearly the western limit of the area adapted to agricultural ijuqioses, until the fertile belt near the Rocky Mountains is reached, though, as a grazing country, the limit may be placed somewhat farther to the west. The surface of the Coteau consists of an iiregular collection of pointed hillocks, growing more and more irregular in design and contoiu', until they are merged in the bad lands. These bad lands, or "mauvaises terres," as they are termed by the half-breeds, set at defiance all rules of topography, as well as all adequate description. Lacking even the continuous lines of drainage on which the eye may rest, and which give form and system to an ordinary terrain, they stretch in an endless and tiresome succession of arid and treeless hills and lidges, a' tumultuous expanse df baked nmd. A large part of the country from the western edge of the Coteau to Frenchman's Creek may properly be called "bad lands." In this interval, the line intersects tlie headwaters of the Quaking Ash, the Little Rocky, and Frenchman's Creek, the first being a tributary of the Missouri and the latter two of the Milk River. Where crossed by the line, they are all small rivulets. Frenchman's Creek, though the largest, is strongly alkaline. WOODY MOUNTAIN. Woody Mountain, to the northeast of the crossing of Frenchman's Creek, lies about twenty miles within the British territory. It is a mass of drift, rising in an irregular plateau to the lieight of 3,800 feet above sea- level. It is a locality well known in the Northwest as the winter rendez- vous of the half-breed hunters. The cart-trail from the Red River settle- ments leads to AVoody Mountain, and thence to Fort N. J. Turnay, a trading-post on Frenchman's Creek, from which point a trail leads south- east to Fort Peck, on the Missouri River. KEPOIM OK THE CDIEF ASTUONOMEU. G3 Going westward from rroncliman's Creek, tlio boundary lies about midway between the ]\Iilk River and the Cypress Hills, cutting successively the Cottonwood, and the east and Avest Corks of the former. TIIK TIIllEE liUTTES. Thorp are no special points of topographical interest until the Three Huttes arc reached. These huttes, or " Sweet Grass Hills," as they are called by the half-breeds, lie to the south of the boundary. Each consists of a dump of foot-hills lying around a central cone, which shoots up to a height of 7,000 feet, or more, above sea-level. The slopes of the principal peaks consist of a mass of blocks of broken stone of small size, which are crossed and recrossed as closely as a network of vines, by innumerable jjaths made by the mountain-sheep. These buttes are the center of the feeding-ground of the great northern herd of buffaloes. This herd, which ranges from the IMissouri IJiver north to the Sas- katchewan, made its appearance, going south, about the last of August. The number of animals is beyond all estimation. Looking at the front of the herd from an elevation of 1,800 feet above the plain, I was unable to see the end in either direction. The half-breeds, Sioux, Assiniboincs, Gros Ventres of the prairie, and Blackfeet, all follow the outskirts of this herd; but, with all their wasteful slaughter, they make but little inijjression upon it. It is even said by the traders at Fort Benton that the number of buffa- loes is increasing, owing to the destruction of the wolves in late years. Numerous small ri\ulets take their rise among the foot-hills surround- ing the buttes, which, however, owing to the rapid evaporation during the dry season, Avill scarcely flow more tlian two or three miles before they entirely disapjicar. It is not uncommon to see one of those little brooks flowing in the early morning, but drying up dming the later hours of the day, and again renewing its flow during the cool hours of the night. It is singular that no timber of any size is to be found among these mountains; the only trees are a stunted pine, groAving along the up]ier slopes. The vicinity of the buttes is the finest grazing c(mn1ry in the north part of Montana, and, being a rendezvous for the migratory herds of buf- 64 UNITED STATES NORTIIEUN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. II faloes, it is, as a natural consequence, a debatable ground of the Indian tribes in the vicinity. Tiie tribes disputing this temtory are the Blackfeet, North Assiniboinos, and the Gros Ventres of the prairie, though an occasional war-party of Sioux may be found, coining from tl»e direction of the Bear's Paw Mountains. Westward from the Tlu'ee Buttes the general character of the country improves rapidly. After passing the North Fork of the Milk River, the eflFect of the Rocky Mountains on the rain-fall can be distinctly seen in the increased growth of the herbage. The soil also improves, gradually but very perceptibly, up to the very base of the Rocky Mountains. The strip of land, of about twenty-five miles in width, lying close to and including the foot-hills of the mountains, has been very appropriately called the "fertile belt" THE MILK RIVKR RIDQE. The Milk River Ridge, lying between the North Fork of the Milk River and the Saint Mary's, is the dividing-line between the waters flowing to the Missouri and those emptying into the Saskatchewan. The distinc- tion between the two systems is very marked. The streams flowing to the south and east, having their sources in the prairie or low down in the foot-hills, are sluggish in their flow, with a more or less alkaline tendency. The South Fork is particularly noticeable for the milky color of its waters, which gives the name of Milk River to the stream into which it flows. West of the Milk River Ridge, however, the two rivers crossed, namely, the Saint Mary's and the Belly River, are both mountain-streams, which take their rise in large lakes lying far up among the rugged peaks of the main divide. The Saint JkLary's, although not more than one hundred and fifty feet in width, and having at its summer stage a depth of about three feet, would be a difficult stream to cross in the early spring, owing to its swift current and the rough masses of bowlders which form its bed. The Belly River is of less size but similar in character. THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS. The main ridge of the Rocky Mountains, into which the line at this point enters, has a generjil direction from nortliwest to southeast. I Iiad it'iii^ i:>t fftt'iV*^ MX- (U I N[TKl> 8TATKS NOmrVllN DlMNn.UJf t!OMMI>»."^l(' • t'uioos, it i«j u» It nuiiii'il ci.iioi-'jiK'iin . u (!iiiin;iV.|.> (TtHUi.! ..f il,.' Inlin)' ir'ihvA in thu vicMiify Tlio tiibc'.s dinpiitiii^ this f«'nitoi y im< lln' H! ii-klvrj, Xoitli A ^e. .mil thi' (JiT»» Voiitiert nf the pmirif. tJniuyli nil iK'<"jisi«m(il \vnr-pan\ el Sioux m.'i\ befi>' ' . •.. ■ W.-t • ; ir.irno- Th, ' 1 ' " 111 '■, ,>; 1 ". lilt' III!' iiii|ir'>\iM, ^'nniiii ll\ Uiii iV !• I. Mi'imtnii^H. 'J'lio :-!rI]> I. i^i'l}; »'l')>-<> tn mni iiu'l'ditit;,' II IV l';l^•••|;{llii•tt•l^ .■•illril l|lf \( iniu Hf ^^iisknfclu \\,"u). Thi- iliftini: tic! 1-«^tWi)»'H f^J; 1 uir- is ihv y^yith aii't . . ... .i |,iai!'f n iiiw ('.t.nu in tin- fttdt-iiiil!', at' •' . i.r lies lii . 1';," t' iiiii'iM V- Tlu- !>OUth . • • ■; liliik^ ('111"!' I,}' ilr< \\ilttl>. wlii'H ^''vt-.-. !; •• c'lmf n: N. :!< ''ivr , ■ ■ irt -i.ti wli'.i'h il llov.^. \Vi',>it fii' thii Mi'.K I'iv- ''r,'!', I'l' ' '■•■"■ ■' <^- 'jvnr rrc-'Sfd, n.iind), tl.o Siiiiii; .'.l.t-y'.s ;i.nii 'An* I.U l!\ Tu-or ;ii>i l-'th iii.'H tiiiii-r thuji <'t:t Innutn'u .unl I, ..!:•! ! ^ii;/ tit i(o ,-i'nmiicr iJi':!' ;: '"j ili n'' b'";! tlin i- '.' M tH ' ri».-S.« in iK I- ill- -^1 ;!...', l\V;|;''l.. M ■I 1 .■•■(: .1 «;i,i>% III' li'>\vl '■ -1 • ! > '•:•!• ;)" i < '! (. .«; bi't -riui'lar iu ('l):5rj»««'- IHfiT tV«i iveli Till' Jiirufi 'mJito ol !l, Uo' uy Ml iinTui.iS, iiitf ■••!.' n ?>(*> Jifw .it tfii^ priint oiilortt. iiiL-. a ^ciitrai 'iini i 'iti ijuui mulluvi *! I... .r«>u';'i'H'' i liiul ill ^ r -' ■' : M »'i-i .', ; f^ F: it \ ; s f I, 8-^ KEPORT OF THE CUIEF ASTRONOMER. 65 been led to suppose that the ascent to the summit wr.s a gradual slope, and was greatly surprised to find that the rolling prairie abutted sharply against an inipass jle escarpment of rocky precipices. It was found to be impos- sible to cu-ry a continuous line ux'en so far as the crossing of the Belly River, and the three stations at this point, the Chief Mountain Lake, and the old monument on the summit of the main divide, are connected by traverses. The last station observed astronomically Avas on the west shore ot Cliief Mountain Lake, seven miles from the ^lunmit, and was reached by rafting from the north e.ul of the lake. The connection between the two final stations was made by a traverse of thirty-five miles, through the South Kootanie Pass. Chief Mountain Lake has a length of nine miles, and is bordered so closely by the precipitous slopes of the surrounding mountains that it is impossible to make one's way along the shore, even on foot. The highest peak of the Rocky Mountains in the vicinity of the bound- ary is at the southeast end of the lake, and has an elevation above the sea- level of 10,400 feet. The elevation of the lake is about 4,000 feet, which may also be taken as the height of the base of the main range. N B 5 ' f^ II A I'T E U II. (JKNKRAL NAKRATIVK. t Tlie field-work of llio ("oninuHsion o(;ciii)ie(l a part of the summer of 1872, and ( f the two followiiif,-' years, 1«73 and 1874. 'The a«!t of a|)proj)riation authorizin{»' the survey was approved March 1!', 1872, but the iiehl-parties of the joint commission did not meet on the line until the 1st of Heptemher. At that time the eiif^inccr officers attached totlie United States commission were Maj. F. II. Kar((uhar, chicif astronomer, Capt. \V. .1. Twining, Capt. J. I''. Gregory, and Lieut. F. V. Greene. UniUu" the instructions, of Major Fanpdiar, I took charge of the astro- nomical jiarties, and Captain Gregory, assisted by Lieutenant Greene, began the survey of the. line. TIk! initial point of the survey was fixed, by joint observation, at Pem- bina, and the following sclicmi! was agreed upon by tlu; chief astronomers graphical survey of a belt of territory five miles wide on its own siut not to di-lay beyond the 7th of November. I remained at the angle, aftcjr returning bom the lower station, until that date, without being able to fix a station, on account of (continuous stomm. I then returned to Pembina, which I reached on the 14th of Novend)er, and then* receivc^d orders to return to Haiut I'aul. In the mean tinu; Major Farcjuhar and Captain Amh ison had fou'id what were suppos(Ml to b(i the remains of tlic old moi.nmeut, and after sufli- ciently verifying its jjosition, had start,(-d the nicridian-linc to the south. Lieutenant (jlr(;en' had carried the first tang'ut eastward iron, the IJed River thirty-three niilen. The F.nglish parti(,'S i.ad also observed ou'; astro- nomical .station east of the lied h'ivcr, in additicn to th(! join! stations at i'eml)ina and the Lake of the Woo'is. Owing to tho lack of funds, the parties of this commission could 7U)t HEPOUT OF TUE CniEF ASlUONOMEIi. 69 remain in the field diiriiifr tlu! winter, Imt left tin; nneoiajjleled line, l)ct\vcen tiie lied liiver and tin; Lake of the Woods, i'ur another season. The Knj^lish «oiniuissiun)!ete their aslroMoriiieai and tciwyrupliical work, on that part of the boundary, dniing the winter. 'I he winter of lS72-"7i} was passed in active ]»ropariition for the follow- ing season. Tlie astroiiomieal and top(jgraphi(;al notes of the j)rece'ding summer wore worked, and the declinations of the stars to be used for lati- tude observittion were prej)ar(;d, the eomput!itiun.s heiner ;;(). The ofHce of the eonanission, (Uuing this winter, was located in Detroit, Miih. In the s])rin^' of )87.i, Majfir Far(|uliar )iavinry wa.s phu'ed in iharge of an astro- nomical l)arty, I taking otie myself, and giving Lieutenant fTreene the gcTi- ural care of the line and the toj)ogr;iph) . 'V]u'. English b -ing ready to take tlu! field, there was no delay. After ol)serviiig jointly the stations at Point Michel and tli< eastern base of tlu! Pembina Mountain, it \ins tliunght best, the methods biting essentially the same, and the results on the tbiir j(iint deteiiniuations agreeing very nearly, to carry forward the astronomical Nvork by alternate stations, liy tic; nmtiiods adopted the lin<' was cheeked every twenty miles, a new depaiture being made at each astronomical station. Tlui cutting in Pembina Mountain was coninetieed on liie east by the Knglisli, and on tlu; west by the panics under Lieutenant (ireene, and the station on the sunnnit nf t'lc plateau of Pcmliina Mountain was, meanwhile, o))served by Assistant ]^o^H. Captain (iregor)-, having (d)servcd at tlm sta- tion at Long Uiver. moved forward to South AMtler Cn'ck, while I took the station or 1m- west side of Turtie Mountain l*Mriny these movemei.tH the I'nited States parties were accompaiiie«l by an escort of two n m))an!es of ilie Seventh ('i!^a]r\, and ( 'a})t. A A. Uarhach's company of the I'wentieth lidaiitry, ail being und^r the cdin- maud of Maj. MarcuM A. lieno. Majoi- Keno establisln il his iKpot at tW* It M M Mi 70 UNITED STATES NORTnEUN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. second crossirifr of Mouse River, at which point the main body of the escort was collected. In 'i^irtle Mountain the first serious difiiculty and delay was encoun- tered. The cuttinjr at this point, which I had supposed would not exceed twenty miles in lenf^tli, was found to bo thirty-four miles. Owing- to the dense mass of small nnd(T<:rrowth, the cuttinjr was most difficult, as the parties were not prepared to meet so formidable an obstacle. Leaving Lieutenant Greene at Turtle Mountain, I uioved forward to the lliviere des Lacs, and obst'i'ved the station near that point, while Captain Gn^gory moved to a station midway between the third and fourth crossiuffs of the Jfons*! Kiver. It had been aj^reed between the English chief astronomer and myself, at the beginning of the summer, that we would iittempt to complete the survey of the line for the distance of four hundred miles, during that sum- mer. It was now evident that it could be done with ease by the astronomi- cal parties, but that, owing to the delay in '^i'urths Mountain, the surveyors woidd have great dilHcidty in completing their allotted task. I thenifore sent Gaptain (iregory forward to fix tlie reniiiining three astronomical points, and establi.shed my camp at the Wood End, near the third crossing of Mouse River. 'I'lie rivt 1 liore is no longer a running stream, the water being found only iii ))ooI.s. The valley also becomes nuich less distinctly cut, while the wotid (h-finitely ceases. Tlu; half-breed rosid which ha«l so conveniently followed liear the line for so gri'at ii distance, leads up the valley of the river, skirting the (idge of the Cotc^au at a respectful distance, to avoid the rough j^round. It was evident that it was to Ik^ of no more usc! to us, as its direction was too iiincli ti> the iiortii. The advanced party, therefore, reluc- tantly leaving the smooth, beaten ])ath which had seem(;d like a cotjiiecting link with civilized life, turned abruptly westward, and ]ilung(stl into the hills of the Goteau. The detail of the work i)erfornied by this party, as given by Gaptain (iicgory. "il'. ),(. found in lijs n^port, which is transmitted h(^re- witli. Tluf diilicuities encountered, and the sutfeririys endiireil (i\ histartv, in the storm which shortly alter broke upon them, while among tin bad I Ulil'OKT OF TU15 CHIEF ASTUONOMEU. 71 IuikUs west of the Cotoaii, 1 coiuiiuukI to the con-sideration of tlioHo theorists wlio liavo insiMtC'd ondrawiiijf an isothermal lint) of GO" throuffh this rej^ion. For some daya after tlie departure of the workinfr-parties, the weather remained clear and brinic((r in cimrj^c. Of tliiw tlu» lujst proof is tliat no aniniiils wcro lost, iinti none of tlio men scnonsiy frozen, iiltlioii;,''li fxposcd for niontlis in tlio ordinary aAocations of camp and fiold dnrin<^ tli(! most scvci'o woatlu'i'. Tlu! capaMlitics of this rc^^ion for scttliTncnt. art) already snilicicntly proven by practice, l)iit tlu; incidents of tint snrv(;y show tliat, with proper forcthonf^ht and preparation, tho rigors of the winter aro littlo to Lc dreaihul. 'I'lie tiold-partios finished their allotted task, and returned to Saint Paul on the 14th of March, where they vv(;ro discharged. Tending the passage of the act. of aj)propriation i'or tlui siu'voy, work was commenced on tlu* prc^liminary maj)s, and all ne(;essary preparation waH niude for tho active field-o])eratio)is of the ensuing sununer. As the parties could not he organizen ono's Hclf to !i week of utter wciirinoss and discoudiDrt. In other and rnf»re civilized lands the word "steamer" convifys an idea of speed, as well as a (rertuin assurance of (loiufort, and at least a seniblanco of the ways and pra(!ti(H'H of ordinary life, liut no one in sean^li of tho amenities need look on the deck of an ui)-river boat. Tho Jndl is a shallow box, over which is thrown ii li}>;ht deck an■■<. ,i::„i,.i, i.|j tiit 1 U': >''M\ lll:i< -■' • ' i'l '..,!.. It^ 'mats iMlilt. it'Kt •!! T";( liiX ^i-i ••.f <>!i,r '^!- • ^=' > » ' ! -i .j'l.ii' ti,i^ <■! j.iO Vf\:>;uiir rtlsli th' tifir.- [j^tK <■ '" '■ ' • r - »" • ;; ■; •.vnj-f • • ■ ' ' I li .!.i.\H i*t> ini • .! ;;• liif usur* !.. ill. j.u.-ii !-.< , , .1i'-i v.xnit-'i 5>,*Mi,- ^>,, . lit.;. .. * Vt ', -N nsti*- ..(f VVii^'il wa In liJIItl .atfi ':>■-!■<>.. 'tmM h> ' '' ■ ' . . 1 .'. - • ,' I 1, lit . . ( liir ■iV-;.>N.,),li.l ii;'|'^ '''^*' '■ « X*', - ''i •' '" > '-' •■ ■ ■ '^"- : '■: ■*. vi. I if .;n,,a?i,n' i.'' triiji ■! ''•- i'K in:*!; '■' /[■'. . v^ .. v - ;. ;Hn'i=iv -i'. ti-j- h.-t*- --fii ,l!>( ' iiSd.t I-*'.. - ,': n. „.;»., .'t; , r I .;v^wi, n«,«s«i.:-.!/ji' Mti^r;;.! nun.,-, 11 «■(•.-., ;.l |.- * 'i.' ,'.■.-. n-.i-' .!;'»■ •' ■..'■;, i,(liv |,,|'fi, I U > ■ . :;.. . . I ... >... ,!..■. ..>,., ,. , . , , . ■ .... i,,.,, M.;„; .^ n;w\'iti . i'Si|« >..ci.'S .)!■ nuips i ^!nr■ j li.i;if.,i!/v* y of tin- M^^oii,! Ki\»-r >>ij F.!rf liHTitcii, Mont., to Hismafi k. I luU . ;;,,iil.. ^v};l!^• rrtiirn 5i;; M -dH? *- «*•-»»•• KKPOUT OF THE CHIEF ASTUONOMEU. 77 On the following day I inovod my cnmp to tlio West Hiittc, and oiiciimpc'd on a small brook about one milo north of the line, where the permanent dej)ot was established. IMiis depot was established on the 1st of August. Captain Gregory and the advaneed parties of Lieutenant Greene were inunediately supplietl, and pushed forward without delay. Tiie work advanced rapidly, and at the (^nd of August our line had been joined by traverse with that of the old northwestern boundary survey, on the summit of the lloeky Mountains, and the survey was eoinj)lete. I then eonoentrated the partie.s at the supply depot at the Sweet Grass Hills, and having er of reconnaissances have been made, which, in the aggregate, give a quite complete view of the whole region traversed. This series of maps also shows a boat-survey of the Miss(»uri River from Fort Henton, Mont., to Bismarck, Dak., made while returning tj 78 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. from the field, in October, 1874. The hititiules were determined each day when the weather j)erniitted, while the lon(l coiisidurablG trouMt*. Tlio point bt'iiifjf iiidicatod, iiiid dcfi- nitely fixed by fiio joint ('onnnis«ion under the sixth and seventh artieU'H <»t' the treaty of Ghent, admitted of no ehanjje of Kieation by the present coni- niissionere. Its description, 1>y hititude and Utnart of the United States. From these reports, it appears that a question arose between the angle at the Hat Portage and the northern point of the buy, now known as the Northwest Angle. This question was settled by Tiarks in favor of the liitter, tn the principle that the northwest poiut was that point at which, if a line were drawn in the plane of a great circle, making an angle of 45° with the meridian, such a line would cut no other water of the lake. Ue therefore determined the relative position of the two ))oints in ques- KKPOUT OK TIIK CHIEF ASTItONOMKH 81 tion by ineaiis of tli«*ir latitiuU^ utu) loii(;itu; tliu liititii*li-H wcrt> flxnl by meaiiftof tlie Hextant, and tli(« loii);itiiil(* by tlic mean of Kt'veral cliroiuttiM'tcr t«'rniinntionH. Thu |)oiiit Axt'd an the nortliwcHt point bi'int; in a Nwuni|), itx poHilion wuh kivimi by certain coui'm'H anil diHtancos from a ri'l'iMviici' iiionnnuMit. Tin* qnt'stion now Ih to find this monumiMit, It \n d('8(Tib(>d by Thompson aN u " Miinarc nionnnuMit of Iokh, twvlvo fort hi};b by H*tv<>n feet xqnare, tlit> lower part of oak, tlic npper part of aspen.'* Its latitnde is fjiven by Tiarks i{)° '2',i' 0onth, and (the swamp included) has a width of only two hundred or three hun- dred feet. The latitude, then, and the visible channel are the guides to be followed in search- ing for the ancient monument. From the report of Tiarks, 1 tiud that the latitude of the monument, that being the |H)int at which he observed, was determined by three series of circum-meridiau altitudes of the sun. The results, and number of observations in each, were as given below, viz: LntitiidpH. NiinilHTof obiiervntioDH. 40^ 23' 02". M » 4!)o '2:V 0;5". CO l.l 4tlo '2;y 00". 24 2ft The true mean latitude from these observations is 4!»° 2.'V O.j" 07, but the latitnde, combining according to the number of the observations in each .series, is 4!P 2;i' 0(i".4S, which is the result Tiarks adopted. This method of weighting the observations should not have been used, as there is always a constant error in such series, due to the cor- rection for iudex-error, and, in this case, asnuill additional inaeenraey arising from the fact that no barometric correction was applied to the relraetiou. These eriors are, however, of comparatively little consequeuce, antl their sum would probably not ex- ceed four seconds of arc. There remains a greater defect, arising from the unknown eccentricity of the sex- taut used. This Tiarks himself recognized, but, as he was more especially concerned in getting the relative latitude of two points within half a degree of each other, he took no means t«> eliminate the resulting error, which he rt^arded as being common to both stations. This oversight is fatal when it becomes a question ol recovering the exavt point of observation, as there may have been an eiror of t'ceentricity on the linili of the sex- tant, which would give an error of a half mile in the latitude, though, as the instru- ment was one of very large radius (!)"), and made by a maker of great reputatioo (Tronghtoii), it i.s not |>robable that tho eccentricity was so great. .N n (i 82 llNITi:i> 8TATKH NOKTIIKHN HOUNDAHY COMMIHHION. Leaving tliiH {loiiit tbrtliu proscnt, 1 will Htato the tiii'iiim iimmI to n-rovi>r tlitt iixinii- nipnt. Ill tlie fall «)f IS72, Mnjor Farqiiliiir nii*l*'*l !>>' tlu'ir r<>Hiilt8 and liy iiifor- ination ol»taint'«i from liKJiaiiH, «li!*covi'n>y iiKrcfil in HuppoMinK to t>u tbo rt'inainH of the inonunicnt, liiit in a lalitutlx about llvu liniitlrt'd feet Kontli of tliatK>v<>n liy TiarliH. It8|>OKi(ion with refi>ron lotlienoitliwfHt point of the bay, at* givi'n by the several courseH and diHtaii<;eH, Ih Huniciently exaM — 1 MWc I0S6O lOOCl 2000 "IT T 4000 FEtT HUE ^4 l^"- ^ ^-r-' h!S^ W^ .•'.VJ ,v^ 3^'.f #;.:• - • ■ \ ... ...-■ -• ■■-r--r^^^m:r ■ - •-■• ,.\ r -t-^, --- •".te^:. eiit ^m-r 3gBR,»Ji!.T--.;a *(<'»«» ■'(■ Bit * ....,,,-^^e,v..«fev■•••-:5=r)»;^a^,as«^!S^ ♦ : ^ - -- f y REPORT OF TUB CHIEF ASTRONOMER. 83 fore made by an English party already on the giound. This survey was subsequently carried down to the forty-ninth parallel, where it was taken up by the parties under Lieut. F. V. Greene, and continued to the mouth of the Eainy Eiver. The work of the English in the vicinity of the North- west Point was checked by Capt. James F. Gregory, United States Engin- eers. The details will be found in his report, which is transmitted herewith. The position of the Northwest Point, as fixed by Capt. S. Anderson, R. E., and Maj. F. U. Farquhar, United States Engineers, during the fall of 1872, was not finally agreed to by the commissioners until September, 1874. i ! M' MMHMHWMKa ..j;- . ^ 1L-,^^'J,^;■^|;.^.I^^_ CHAPTER IV. ASTRONOMICAL DETERMINATIONS OF LATITUDE, AND METHODS OF SURVEY. On account of the peculiar nature of the disputes liable to arise in regard to an international boundary-line, and the acrimony with which such controversies are usually prosecuted, it has been thought best to give, in a condensed form, the observations made by the United States parties, and the methods employed in fixing the positions of the monuments which mark the line. An abstract of the Biitish tangent-lines and mounds is added, in order to complete the record of the connections between astronomical stations. Official copies of the English astronomical observations are on file in the Dejiartment of State. In obedience to the instructions of the commissioner, an official copy of the United States astronomical and geodetic record was transmitted to the chief astronomer of Her Majesty's commission, October 14, 1875. It was accompanied by a descriptive memoir, from which the following expla- nations are taken : Astronomy. — The astronomical record consists of — Ist, The observations made with the zenith telescope to deterrnine latitude ; 2d, Ifisti-UT'ental constants ; 3d, AL»u-..ct of chronometer records ; 4th, Star catalogues 1872, '73, and '74. Instruments. — The instruments used in determining the latitude were zenith telescopes Nos. 7, 11, and 20, Wiirdemann. Nos. 7 and 11 were of 25 inches focal length. Both were of small power, and more or less damaged by use. No. 7 '.vsis used only on three stations in 1873 ; it being found that 86 86 UNITED STATES NORTEERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. the level was badly ground, and that the instrument was loose on its hori- zontal axis. No. 20 was of 32 inches focal .ength, with a magnifying poAver of sixty diameters. It was found to be, in every respect, a perfect instru- ment. The chronometers used were by Negus, of New York, and Bond, of Boston. In computing the latitude of any station, the arithmetical mean of sill the determinations was taken as the true latitude, no weights being applied. It is thought that the accuracy of the computation, and the number of authorities combined in each declination, warrant the assumption that the star places are nearly absolute, leaving in the detenninations only the error of the observation. This view has been found to be connect, or nearly cor- rect, by subsequently examining the residuals given by each pair of stars, when referred to the mean latitudes of a large number of stations. In order to prevent the suppression of observations, a mathematical criterion was applied. This, while of doubtful utility in computai.v-ns made under the supervision of one skillful computer, I thought to be desirable as a number of observers were engaged simultaneously, and the computations were to be completed, promptly, in the field. The standard number of observations, though varying with different stations, was finally fixed at about sixt}', it being found that, with the 32- inch instrument, sixty observations would give a mean result of which tho probable error would be about four feet. I'his probable en-or was consid- ered to be very much within the differences which might arise from tho methods employed in computing the declinations of the stars used, and the general errors incident to such work. Instrumental constants. — Tho observations by which the instrumental constants were determined, are given in full. It will be observed that no effort was made to determine the run of the micrometers, nor the differ- ences due to changes of temperature. I am of the opinion that all such corrections are, even under tho most favorable circumstances, somewhat hypothetical, and therefore liable to introduce unknown eiTors into the work, and that they are rather matters of curiosity than of practical impor- tance in field-work. MCJ Ki:rOUT (Jl' TUE CHIEF ASTKONOMliK. 87 The method of determining tlie meiin pliices of the stars used is the only part of these computations whicli calls for any special remark. In the fall of 1872, the astronomical party was ordered into the Held, under my charge, without time for careful pre])aration. The only authorities available at the time for comituting the star places, were the Greenwich Observations from 18i5(i to 1HG7. The computations for the two stations observed in 1872, depended entirely on these observa- tions. During the winter of 1872-73, a careful and systenuitic examina- tion of the existing authorities was commenced, and the list of stars, as given lor 1873, was prepared. This work was continued dui'ing the subse- quent winter, and the results are given in the star catalogue of 1874, which, liowever, differs very slightly from that of 1873. The princijdes which Avere adopted in the discussion of these star places, were mainly derived from the work of Argelander, Bonner Beobach- tungen, Band VII. Some few stars were taken from the second part of that work without modification. These are British Association Catalogue lumdjcrs 108, 91\\ 4918, 5313, 5L02, 6114, 7515, 7377, 8083, 820(i, and 8273. The po.Mtions of Greenwich 12 year 73, and B. A. C. 89(), were taken from Part I. For the remainder, the following catalogues and observations were consulted : Bradley, 1755, B; Lalande, Fedorenko, 1710, Fed; D'Agelet (Gould), IHOO, D'A; Lalando, 1800, L.L ; Piazzi, 1800, Pi; Groondjridge, 1810, Gr; Struve, 1830, P. M; Argelander's Abo, 1830, Abo; Taylor's Madras, 1835, T; Jacob's Madras, 1848-1852, J,„ &c.; Bessel's zones (Weisse) (-f 15° to 45°), 1825, W2 B; Pond's Greenwich, 1830, Pd ; Airy's First Candjridge Catalogue, 1830, CC; Rumkcr, 1830, R; Edinburgh (Henderson, 1835, 1844, Edinburgh (Smyth), E35, «S:c. ; Cambridge (Challis), 1839-1800, Chji,, &c. ; Armagh (Robinson), 1840, Arm; Bonn North Zones, 1842, A; Radcliffe Catalogue of G317 stars, 1845, R C; Radclitfe, 1800, RC,; Raddiffe, later observation.s, 1801-1870, R C,,, &c. ; Bonn, (Vol. VI). 1806, Arg; Brussels (Quetelet), 1859-1860, Q™, &c. ; Konigsberg ; Washington (transit circle), 1807-71, Wn; Washington Catalogue (mural circle), 18G0, Y ; the entire series of Greenwich catalogues and observations since tho directorshii) of Airy, 1830-1871, Ay^o, Avf,, Ax;,,,, Ay,„, Ayr,,, Avc^, &c.; II 88 UNITED STATES NORTUERN BODNDARY COMMISSION. Paris observations, 1 856-1 8G7, Pjo, &c.; Durham, D; the vohnnes of the Astronomischo Nachrichten; Loidcn, 1870, L; Pulkown, 1845, Pnl. The dates after the name of eacli catalogue refer to the epochs to which each was reduced, and the initials following the date, the designation by which these catalogues and observations will bo subsecjuently referred to. Systematic corrections, as deduced by Argelander, in Vol. VII, Bonn Obs., were applied to most obserNations of a date earlier than 1800. In one case, that of Yaniall's Washington Catalogue, a special comparison was made with Wolfer's Fundamental List, in the TabuUe Rcductionum, which is the basis of Argelander'a work. But this correction was omitted in a few of the later reductions. Owing to the great discrepancy in the jmmber of observations on the different stars, the weights were adopted to suit each particular case — i. c, no uniform weight was given to the positions taken from any one catalogue, though a general standard was adopted for each, which was nearly as follows : B D'A Fed L. L Pi Gr P. M . . . . Abo T J WjB i Pond 1 4 ' cc. 1 ! R . . i ' E Ch A OA.... R Ci . . . R c;, . . . . R Co, &c Arg Q K I J J 1 1 A 1 1 1 IP, 1 J VVii 1 Y 1 Ay^o-- 1 Ay« li Ayso 1 Ayeo lJto3 Ay„4 lJto2 Ayes, &c IJ P 3 Pill 2 L (10 syuiiuetrieiil observations) 4 These weights represent the degree of confidence in the several author- ities when represented by from three to five observations. In a few of the later reductions, the weights were made decimal fractions in all cases, and increased for some of the modern authorities. The ordinary method of combining the observations to obtain the result for 1872, 1873, or 1874, as required, was, briefly, as follows: The right RIOl'OUT OF Tlli'} (JUIEF ASTUONOMEU. 89 iisceiisiun found in fho Greenwich Ciitiiloifues, or, these fiiiUng, in that of the British Association, was used to obtain the annual precession in decli- nation, the secular variation in declination being taken directly from these authorities. All observations in a given case were then reduced to the required mean epoch, proper motion being always neglected. 'I'he result- ing corrections (k) to the value of the assumed declination, the systematic coiTections referred to above having been applied, were regarded as made up of three parts: x, a correction to the assumed declination at the required epoch; ty, a correction varying with the time, or, in other words, the proper motion; and v a residual error of observation. Equations of condition were accordingly made of the form (.c-j-/// — AnO) Vi^ '" which j) denotes the weight. The value of t was usually taken to the nearest t(;nth of a year, reckoning from the date of observation, where that could bo ascertained, to the required epoch. These equiitions were treated in the ordinary manner. But the value of x was usually derived from observations made in 1830, or later. The following example will serve to illustrate the above explanation: B A. C. G7. With the annual precession, -(-20".()18, computed for 18(j4 from the A. R. found in Ay^i (using Struve's constants), and the secular variation, — 0".035, adopted from that catalogue, each set of observations is reduced to the required epoch, 1873.0; a systematic correction having first been ap- plied to the declinations as given by D'A, L. L, Pi, Wg B, Arm, and Y. R C67, R Cos, and R Ccg were combined so as to forai one equation. Ay^g, Aysj, and Ay,„ were treated in the same manner, the weights in com- bining being strictly according to the number of observations in erch year. Rejecting Lalande, we have the following conditional equations and weights, assumed 6 for 1873 being 37° 15' 53".0: B. ,i;- 117.0^-7.70 = D'A. .r— 88.8 -2.77 = Pi. a-- 73. -4.41=0 W.B. X- 18. -3.G8 = % X— 38. —2.20=0 Wi'igbt. h ii It I 90 UJSITKI) STATES KOUTIIKHN IJOUNDAUY COMMISSION. Arm. X — y;i.!» -2.25 = 1 Yiir. X — 25.7 -l.!)4 = () 1 K. J — 11.2 -2.G0=() h Ay,i, .<■— H.n -().H5 = (» ;{ Q.4 ■x~ 8.1 -1.25 = i L. X — 4.1 — 0.55 = 4 K. C«, X — 3.7 — 0.5(i = u A}'„o x~ y.G -l.G4 = u From tlio above, result tlio following normal ctiuatioiis: + 14.RC- 2(i2.(5//=+ 22".1« -2G2.G.r+ 14331). l^=—!)07".t)2 from wliicli, x= + ".55and//=-".053 Using T and the succeeding authorities for the value of x, wo obtain 37° 15' 5;i".55, as the d for 1873.0; a result identical with that derived from the direct solution of the normal equations. The following table exhibits the reduction, in tabular form. Column one contains the designation of the various authorities; column two, the epoch to which each catalogue is found reduced; column three, the mean epoch of observation (in the <'ases of B, L. L, Pi, W.^ B, and T arbitravily assumed); column four contains the declination as given by the catalogue itself. In cases such as Ay^j and 1j, where the observations have been reduced to the date of the catalogue, in some instances with proper motion, the seconds of 6 are adopted so as to (correspond with the mean date of observation — i. c, as they would have been had no proper motion been applied; column five contains the system- atic correction as derived from Vol. VII, Part I, 13onn Observations (Arge- lander); column six, the declination as it results from each authority, the precession being aj)plied to reduce it to 1873.0; colunui seven, the luunber of observations on which each authority is based; colunm eight, the final value of the declination for 1873 as it is given by each authority; cohnnn nine, the residuals or the corrections which the declination and jn-oper motion adoi)ted for 1873.0 give to each catalogue. KKPOUT Ol" Tin; CIII1:F ASTItONOMKK. 01 (>'H(itln|ill0. K|KM h, rii. llUl'tiull. Cut. S. Syn.corr. '-("».' 4 — 1.8 -1.8 -fd.'.l +(l. 4 -(i.;t +(i. :, 1 irri.o. No. olin. IteKiildnii iimiii uhIh. II i7.-r. IHdO IHdO iKin IK!,'-, 1840 IHIO iHdi |H(>4 1H(;4 lH(i7 IHIW |H(W 187U IHC!) I8(p!I lr7t) 17.'-.0 1784. a 17!i:. IHIO IH'.T. IHII.-. IHIHt. 1 1847. ;i lH(;i.8 1H(i4..% IHIM.'.I 18(i7. 8 lWi8.8 18liH.8 IHIiH. 1> 1H(,<».8 lH(,it.8 IHid.M ' ;t6 :io r,i r.i .^i) ;)7 (Ki \l 11 ij ij l:i 14 14 14 14 14 14 II :«i. (i ;!;i. H ;;j. 1 :t?.'j r.4.7 .'■.4.1I ;i4. 'J U\ 4 W.\. 7 M, 1 ri4. 4 |-,'.4 14.7 .'pII. .■> :i:i.7 ;ti.,^ ri:i. ,-i ;i7 15 (.(l.H ,^.'l. 8 LW.it] :,i. 4 .'i(i. 7 .'>4. !» .^r.. (i ■Ml. 8 .'.4. ;i .'■il. :> ■VJ. .-i .'■4.8 .'•lit. (i r.:i, 8 .-.4. 11 W.\. (1 4 4 :i !) i 1 Ma 1 1 4 1.-) \ .'•.4. (i r.l. 1 n -1.(1 D'A +■.'. .-. 1. li I'i .Ml. .'•i .-^.4. 1 .Ml. a r>;i. fi .^;l, )i r..-i. .Ml, 4 :>.s. 8 .'■) I. :i r.a. ;i :a. (i .•■:i. :i ,MI. I! :,\. \ .Ml. 5 (1.(1 W,U T — Il.li +(l. 4 +0.1 0.0 Y K — 1..'> A Vfl4 +0.1 —0. ;i (,)„! lU'ei —0.7 IU'„j +i.;i A Vi,( -1.0 L +o.a —0. 1 |{ (',, A S'liu —0.8 A.v,o 0.0 I, l!i7:i.O, :i7o \W W'M. An. |ireo., + iU".(lll. (!'. -".ci.vi. Siw. viii-., -".(i;i,-i. Tlio computation was generally camod to liiindrt'dtlis of a .sccoiul in tho details, but is not rigidly correct to that place. Tho stars comprised in the catalogue of 1873 and 1874 were reduced as al)ove, with the exception of ii few declinations for 1874, Avhicli wore ti'eatcd in a manner varying so slightly as not to require special explanation. Connection of astronomical slationf!. — The geodetic record gives the deter- mination of the azimuths for each tangent, tho station-errors, and tho final ort'sets to tho parallel of latitude in which the station-errors are distrihutcd. These tangents were run with an 8-inch transit-theodolite, \yur(Ieinann, graduated to 10', reading by two verniers to 10", with ilhiminated iixcs, circular and striding level, tho tangent-screws working against s})rings, which was found to be a serious defect. Azimuths. — The instrument was mounted in tho meridian of tho astro- nomical station, and an approximate !)0^ turned off, from any data availa- l)le. On this approximate line, at a distance of one to three miles, a bnll's- eyo lantern was placed ; its light, two inches in diameter, at a distance of two miles, gave an image eipial to a second-magnitude star. Tlu! azimuth of this mark was determined I)y observations on circumpolar stars near elongation. The stars mo.st frequently used in the early part of the evening in summer were ft and y Cepliei and Polaris (eastern elongation), and ft and /- Ursie Minoris (western elongation). Ten readings were taken on each star, and ten on the mark, live with lamp east and live lamp west, The star-readings were reihicod l<» cloiinaiiKn iVnin the recorded time i t' :l! 99 UNITED STATES NOUTIIKIIN IIOUNDAUY COMMISSION. (HiimiltiincouK tiiiut-iilMci'vatioiirt witli Hcxtiiiif), aiul tlic inctm of tlic tun coiiMtitntod tlio result for tliat ntar. The otlicr Htars were taken in dilVerent parts of tlio are, to eliminate errorn of ('tH used iiro wliown in tlio iicfonipaiiyinff rojKut of Li<'iit. <}i('<'iu'. Tb.) coninninication betwt'cn the iVont and rear taijictft and tlie transit- insiruniont, was kept tij) by nieanw (tf hu-ge llajrs, and the United StatoH Army signal code ol' tlnx-e elements. Tiio men were instructed in thin, and quickly learned it, but to insure accuracy each man was provided with ii printed card eontaininj'' the alphabet. A few special Hij^rnals wen; added, liy this means, and by t ran sport inj^' the tarj^ets and men in lijfht wa<.;ons, ns much as eif^hteen miles of line has l)een traced in one day. 'I'he greatest lenj^th of chainin'^ in one day was iifteen miles. In rough ground two chainings were made. At the end of the tangent a series of azimuth observations was taken, similar to those at the beginning, the transit being jdaced over the terminal stake, and the mark over the stake next before it. The average azimuth-errt>r in eighteen miles was 20"; when less than this, the tangent was considered correct; if over, it was adjusted in computing the offsets for the mound.s. The ditl'erence lietween the computed oflset from the tangent to the parallel f>f 4t)°, and the measured distance to the astronomical mound, was taken to be the "station-error," /'. e., the diH'erence between the astronomical and relative geodetic deteriniuatious of the two stations. This was distributed between the stations in direct ])roportion to the distance. This made the forty-ninth parallel, as markeil, a line of irreg- ular curvature. C'oinpitt(iHo)is. — The astronomical station being considered absolute, the offsets to the mounds were computed by the ordinary formula. For con- venience, a table was computed for latitude 49°, giving the oflFseta and truti azimuth for distances of 1,000 feet up to 200,000. Between the even thousands, the offset was readih' interpolattMl. The final ofl'si t was, tlii'ii, the sum of this comjaited ofl'set, ± the proj)ortional part of the station- error, ± the error of tiie initial j)oint nortli or .south of 4'J'', rfc tiie correc- tion due to azimuth ern)r. A li.st of these offsets and the stakes from which they were to be measured was furnished to the " mound party," who followed. Topograph/). — All topographical work, except some sketching along the T 94 UN1TKI> STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. tangents, was done with the stadia-rod and a G-incli theodolite. The theod- olites were made by Wiirdeman, and were similar, in nearly all particulars, to the larger transit used on the tangent-line. The cross-hairs were fixed, and the distance was read by noting the number of spaces covered on the rod; the smallest space marked was five feet, and the rod read by estimation to one foot. Each rod was graduated for its own instrument by measuring with great cai-e 1,000 feet, and marking the points covered by the extreme wires ; this distance was then subdivided and marked. The rods read to 1,500 feet, and in rough, broken country were found more accurate than the chain, and at all times more expeditious. The angles were kept by the method of traversing, or " keeping the azimuth"; each recorded angle being the angle of the line of sight with the true meridian, and were counted from 0° to 3G0°. The line always started from some stake on the tahgeht from which the azimuth was taken. When practicable the line was again closed on the tangent. Of one thousand four hundred miles of stadia-work, sixty-nine lines, comprising seven hundred and fifty miles, were closed, with an average error of 2.7 feet per 1,000 feet of line. As much as twelve miles of this sort of Avork, exclusive of side- pointings, has been done in one day by a single party with one theodolite and five rods. The vertical angle was always read, and gave an approx- imation to the vertical heights. In the office, the stadia-readings have all been reduced to horizontal and vertical distances by means of table?. From the horizontal distances, the rectangular co-ordinatC3 were computed, and these gave the error of the line, which was distributed at each station, proportionately to the lerfjth of line. The adjusted stations were then plotted by co-ordinates. Tn projecting the maps the polyconic method has been adopted. Each sheet is projected with reference to it3 own central meridian, and to the forty-ninth parallel, as determined at the Lake of the Woods, for central parallel. The parallel actually marked in ink is the approximate parallel traced on the ground. The lengtli of 1° of longitude, in latitude 49°, is taken to bo 240,07G feet. a .^>; ' a,|..ijjijj.[mg,- ly '■»;i ■;:/ :^. ■";■; r .i^A /i >/, j^iifl'jj' 1;' i: tangentH, was done with tlii-f^tiMlia-;'" ! asui n y-iiich 'Jicoflol'tt': <■(!- olite» wero made by Wiirdcmun.. and m'lx' ,-i!uiiar, in ju-ujly al! ]'<.ri ruliiis. to t!io lamer tiaripit u«d on the tarisjiut-ruui. Tin- ero-i liuif's wwq fiACti, find the dUtnuco wn^ r<.^ad by iK-Hr rod; the sniall';gt S|> to oTie foot, i-.j ' with M-'. -..•!! ,-ar.- . .■ , 1 ohtr oi' spact'H covered on the " . I, :iti(> d)f T'fd r'Vid hv «si!mation V ■•■.,. .,. :■ . < ..-.tstiriiif:- ■ ••..'C'Vil-- ^Vj' f >.(■.. .i..^;l- • l.-i Udvv'.i. iN'iO'll true ■)■• '■ ■!• 1 V. iJ'C counnu - from biuv.i) . -Ao on the !anp;ent rtom ])racti('ablelh <~l!i('»3, »-'. 's„ ,; f,- • , ' and vorvicj!' dist.i'T'Oi? 'o ?«./■. • '■ , - t . I ho rectfin^rular i")-ordij ;•■''•. i-- . • ;;• jH-^ ■ lino, whii'h wasdiMnbiiH i as .'.i, -:.» noSintcJy t" i^^'' ''''',"■* !iiio. T)ic adin.^ti-' ■! ■■■ ■ ■.vocf flicn I'ImVo! I'V m -oJ'T'na ;.•.-• ]!j pr-i)' ' ' . ■!)>; p>1a ! '^1. nodi id i,-;tH ')• ' I '->• ', ■^hor-:. i^ V ■ -"'^ '•"' -■ '-'"'' '•! "♦■■•^* ' •■; '-':'' ioi-tV-Tlilnb -..i.lai ave thr: i-rror <'f ihr il 'III ill ,! m yH I 1 REPORT OF TOE CHIEF ASTRONOiMElJ. 95 APPENDIX D. SUMMARY OP ASTRONOMICAL STATIONS, OBSERVED BY THE UNITED STATES ASTRO- NOMICAL PARTIES. a 1872. 1 4 1873, n 7 S 11 13 15 17 19 ai 23 1874. 25 27 29 31 33 .3.1 37 40 PoBition. Lake of the Woods Red Rivor, Initial Point . Pointo Michel, 20 miles west of Red River. PembinaMonntains, east side. Pembina Mountains, westsido Long River Turtle Mountain, west side .. South Antler Creek West of Rivifero des Lacs, 237 miles westof Red River. Mouse River Mid Coteau Bully Spring Four hundred and eight and a half Mile Point. Frenchman's Creek Pool on Prairie East Fork, Milk River. . Milk River Lakes East Butte Red River North Fork, Milk Rivor. Chief Mountain Lake . . Obaerrer. Copt. W.J. Twining.. do .do Capt. J. P. Gregory. . . Assistant Lewis Boss Capt. J. F. Gregory. .. Capt. W.J. Twining.. Capt. J. F. Gregory . . . Capt. W.J.Twiuing.. Capt. J. F. Gregory . . . ....do ....do ....do .do , .do . .do , .do . .do .do .do , .do . 3 O 84 104 60 74 79 82 79 81 72 80 (3C 64 59 Latitude. 48 59 45. 07 48 59 55.92 48 59 57. 20 49 00 02. 50 48 59 51.55 48 r>9 58. 54 48 59 53. 70 49 01 48.76 49 01 01. G3 48 58 10.29 49 00 44. 73 49 01 09. 11 48 59 28. 90 48 58 49 (10 49 00 48 .59 48 59 49 01 48 59 49 00 09.10 02. 95 01.86 55. 39 0(i. 30 01.42 59. 31 04.00 S £ u ^ 3.= . £ o S Cm ±0.63 ±0.82 ±0.42 ±0.35 ±0.35 ±0. 828 ±0.324 0.588 0. 4!)7 0. 408 :0. 359 ±0. 359 ±0. 303 ±0. 288 ±0. 387 ±0. 320 ±0.275 ±0. 270 ±0.3;{5 o o »l ±0.07 ±0.08 ±0.05 ±0.24 ±0.04 ±0. 037 ±0.04 ±0. 092 ±0.038 ±0.066 ±0.056 ±0. 051 ±0. 047 ±0. ±0. ±0. ±0. ±0. ±0. ±0. ±0. 043 037 030 045 042 035 034 049 to CO S 2 east. 1 do. 2 west. 3 do. 4 do. 5 do. 6 do. 7 do. 8 do. 9 do. 10 do. 11 do. 12 do. 13 do. 14 do. 15 do. 16 do; 17 do. 18 do. 19 do. 20 do. Note.— The instrument used at stations Nos. 0, 13, and 17 was WUrdemann, No. 11, 25-inch, having a defective level, and being, at station No. 6, also loose upon its horizontal nxis. No. 6., being a joint sta- tion, was not reobserved. At stations Nos. 1 and 4, Wilrdemann,No.7,'J.")-inch was used. At all other stations, the instrument used was WUrdemann, No, 20, 32-iuch. n^ ^ 187a, UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY. Observations for Latitude. (Astronomioal StAtloD No. 1.— Initial point, S) miles nnrtli of Pembina. Daltntn.— Observer, W. J. Twinlnc, Captain TTniteil States Engineers.— Zenitn Telescope, Wilxtlemann No. 7. — Cbtuuometer, Negus Sidei«al No. 1 jl4.) If I! B.A.C. No. Beadings. Deelinntton. Correclinns. Latitude. Remarks. MIoroni. Level. Meriii. (list. Mlcrom. Level. Refrau. Red. to nietid. N. s. 655S St. 041 34. .Via 40.8 45. H 41.4 .17.0 fn.». 1 It 38 18 19. 35 65 40 09. 80 -8 18.87 +1.71 -0.04 " 1 II 48 99 57.67 September tC. 6788 ; 074S m. 873 S4. 7i7 44.5 39.0 48.4 47.9 43 25 30. (il 54 40 4.5. 00 -3 10. 94 -1.39 -0.05 X>. 43 1 «7Pn i:S.60.5 aij. 047 44.3 40.4 43.8 47.4 57 43 01. 38 40 10 47. 94 +0 0.5. 59 -1.39 0.00 .58. 83 (iM7 01170 18. 384 30.0^4 45.2 45.7 44.4 43.9 36 28 07. 01 01 41 40.54 -5 00.44 -0..58 -0. 09 5.5.67 Wit 707J 19. 8,'-.3 SJ.035 45. 29.7 44.4 00.3 81 51 29.03 30 01 58. 89 +3 93.45 -0. 75 +0.00 57.58 721. ■> 7S;7 19. 844 48.088 51.7 34.0 33. 8 57.4 57 07 39. 77 40 40 47. 01 +5 47. 90 -0.97 +0.10 57. 37 -IMS 744d 10.390 •ie. Mi 4.5.4 53.4 40. 5 ,19. 9 47 08 98.11 51 00 43. 70 ~7 38. 30 +2.79 -0. 13 57.90 7-4»'0 74p« 20.090 Si 7.-18 47.1 50.8 40.0 42. C 45 58 .'.a. 84 58 U3 37. 20 -1 91.11 4-1.96 -0.09 5.-1. 85 T.'iO.'S 7IM5 19. 95-2 S:l200 47.8 45. 7 44.9 47.7 37 57 55. 90 GO 00 12. 88 -9 07. 77 +0.20 -0.03 50.79 ;67il 19. aai 27. 002 47.3 38.7 40.4 5.5.0 55 30 50. 39 42 18 0.5. 88 +5 29.01 -3.40 +0.10 54. 39 1 77.V) 1 770.') 20.590 20. 312 47. 5 4.-1. 1 47.0 48. 5 "63a .58 47 1.5. .11 39 05 01. 37 +3 44. 85 -0. C5 +0.07 +.14 51.85 ! 7820 1 1.'). 4.'.7 20. 827 48. 5 45.0 44.9 48.4 48 49 .5.-1. 53 49 a4 4.5. 48 -7 87.97 +0.18 -0. n 5a 95 -904 MS* 98. 703 IS. 215 38. 8 41.8 37. 2 38. 9 41 10 49.17 .50 85 18. 59 +S .50. .58 +0.88 +0.10 55. 5fl e-jo« 8873 2!). 075 10. 400 3(1. 5 3f . 7 39.8 3A0 30 37 2-3. 84 07 05 54. 89 +8 18.00 -0..58 +0. 10 57.03 e,Vi.1 tiMO 21. 03.) •-■.I. 045 40.9 3J, 1 39.3 48.8 32 18 19. 50 05 40 09.41 -9 14.88 -3.40 -0.04 .56. 81 .S.'ptember 18. filial fiOt^l 24. 094 80.400 41. 5 3fi.H 30.9 4.'>. 8 40 07 48. 03 .57 40 89. 44 +9 48.99 -1.00 +'l. 05 511.04 «7S8 0746 19. 742 24. 573 44.0 31. 8 38.7 48. 8 43 25 30. 85 54 40 4.5. 88 -3 10.01 -1.60 -0.05 .56. 31 «78fl 6SI7 1 9.1.112 8:1.810 41.3 40.2 48.0 43.3 57 43 01.04 40 10 48. 20 +0 04. 92 - 1. 98 0.00 57.16 09^17 0U70 18.027 2.5. 027 43.7 37.0 40.7 47.3 30 88 07. 30 01 41 40. 94 -4 58. 87 -1.51 -0.09 50. 1 5 7100 I 7100 14.974 89. 594 40.0 30.7 40.8 35. 42 45 X>. 90 55 3:1 33. 94 -9 3.-1.11 -4.30 -0.17 50. 99 731.1 7in7 18.71.n 87.579 43. « 40. 5 42.9 4li.O 57 07 33. 17 40 40 48. 37 +5 47.90 -1.91 +0.10 48 59 57. 50 96 h RKPOUT OF THK CHIKF ASTl{()XOMi:i{. 97 Obiter vaiioHx for Latitude. — Station No. 1 — CuiitiuiitHl. U. A. C. Ko. KcadincH. DucllDntion. Corrcctlous. Lntitiiclfi. ItHninrkB. MIcroin. Levd. Mrrill. di«I. Mlcram. Lovol. Rcfrnc. Ri'd. to iiu'iid. N. S. 734.-1 10.074 87. UU 4.5. 9 M. 6 41.1 49.0 «!.*. 3 1 .' 47 08 92. 55 51 16 44. 20 -7 3(1. 31 -1.03 -0. 13 ' " 48 ,59 5,5. 00 1 Seplonibor 18. 7490 74tiU 80.658 83. 683 43.4 40.6 44.8 47.9 45 58 53. 30 63 03 37. 70 -1 19. CO -1.96 -0.03 53. 86 7:10.') 7liU5 81. 804 24. 5-35 44. 5 44.0 46.5 37 57 .56. 33 60 06 13. 46 -8 08.28 -0.88 -0.03 5,-1. 70 7G:in 7670 I8.7.-1O 87.111 41.0 43.7 44.3 4.-.. n 55 rfl .10 98 43 13 00. 39 +3 88.53 -0.79 +0, '0 50. 55 7830 7l«i.i 10.840 1 87.0.-14 43.8 40.6 41.6 4-3.1 1 31 48 40 56. 09 49 24 4.5. 99 -7 88. 04 +0.S3 -0.13 + 1. 12 ,54.23 80.930 15.6.-13 41.4 43.3 44.8 46.4 41 10 49.69 .50 85 19. 24 ^•8 54.36 -1.84 +0.16 57. 75 8083 81128 18. 871! 85.780 41.0 44.4 40.4 45. .56 97 .56. .59 41 22 53. 77 +4 31. 59 -0.90 +0.08 5,-1. 95 €738 1)748 in. no7 24. 003 40.0 38.7 37. 8 38.7 43 25 31. 80 54 40 45. 71 -3 14.13 +0.03 -0. 05 ,54. 90 Septemlicr SI. 7100 711i0 14.003 30. plO 38.4 53. 5 30.8 34.8 43 45 39. 71 55 33 31.69 -9 43.84 +3.89 -0.17 .'«. 08 7315 7377 18. 700 87. 630 30.4 311.0 30.4 43. ,57 07 :W. 77 40 40 40. m +5 47. 35 -1.35 +010 .57 51 7:i45 7448 14. 465 86. 130 40.8 40.7 38.7 39.7 47 08 9.3. 90 51 06 44. 93 -7 38. 48 +0.70 -0. 13 56. 15 741*0 -48!1 SO. 687 93. 7:i;i 41.0 40.7 30. 39, 9 45 .58 .51. 00 53 03 38. 47 -1 £0.48 +0. 40 -0.03 1 1 .56.23 7,-i0-. 7005 20.831 24. 336 3:1.5 45 37 57 56, 04 60 06 14. 33 -2 13.83 + 1.46 -0.03 .5,1, 3:1 30.7 7f.:ili 17. 8.37 26.073 30.7 43.5 41.0 38.6 ,55 .36 51.81 43 12 07. 10 +3 23. 98 +0.61 +0,10 54. 14 77.-.,-| 77(i3 18. 735 94. 344 38,3 47.9 43.7 34.0 58 47 16. 83 39 05 0.1. .55 +3 41. 04 + 1.89 +0.07 54. 10 7-;87 7800 10.274 8iU18 40.6 44.8 41. 5 38.0 .53 01 13.35 45 5:1 49. .52 +3 83.35 +1.19 +0.03 55. .50 7830 7583 LI. 373 36. 807 41.3 40.0 41.1 34. 4 48 49 .56. 93 49 24 46. 85 -7 89.83 +3. 33 -0.13 ,55. 37 70(13 8034 31. 073 17. 073 43 47.7 43. 4 37.4 41 10 .50,48 56 25 80, 81 +8 47. 18 +2. 33 +0.16 54. 85 80:m 6059 80. IO.-> 21. 6c0 44.0 44.8 41.4 40.8 40 81 30,93 48 36 10. 78 4 ,58. 65 + 1.48 +0,02 .5.5. 15 efls;i 8138 18, 933 84. 0118 41. 9 53. U 44.7 33.4 56 27 57. 56 ..'1 23 54.51 +4 36.51 +4, 05 +0. 08 ,56. (i7 =306 8373 28. 4(10 15. 8t'5 45 45. 9 43, 43.3 30 37 21. 04 07 05 56. 70 +8 13.33 +1.,5I +0.10 55.33 R:I44 8360 40 87 10. 800 21. 035 31. 100 86.U14 . 43. 3 40.7 40. 3 51.4 46. 1 48.0 48.8 34.8 60 30 47. 75 60 36 1.5.83 60 40 39, 73 37 15 48.31 +0 ,3:1. 96 +3 51. 87 -8 44. no +3. .53 +2. 77 +3.47 +.11 4-. 07 -.05 .5.5. 64 56.17 56. 54 130 175 14.558 80.651 44.2 48 4.5. 40.7 33 .53 43.71 65 36 53. 01 9 5.1. 73 +1. 40 -0. 18 .55 44 210 2,5. O.iO 19. 870 I 45 3U.7 43,5 48.0 14 47 35 13.31 50 16 81.37 +4 10.74 -1.73 i 1 + 0.07; 1 +0.03 48 .50 .-..5. 91 it I N B- H ■ i r I 98 IJXITKI) STATES NOUTIIKUX I'.OIJNDAKY COMMISSION. Observations fur Ldliliidc. — ^Slution Xo. 1 — CoutiiiiUHl. aA.c. No. nfiuiiiigH. Lnvcl. Microni. 12- Yr. 711 a.i:i 7024 7073 7100 71U0 7215 7a77 7:nr. 744d 7Ki 28. 019 98.371 14.992 21.010 23. 034 18.331 2.-.. 041 28. 103 l.l. 072 10.418 30. 095 20. 4:7 14.30.-. 2!'. 410 2.-). 9r>9 19.0C1 27. 838 17.0^9 18. 8' 19 20. 231 18. 0.-.0 2U.9."i3 20. 4.-.2 9.-.. 399 19.900 9.S. 728 20. 021 22. 0:0 1.5. 091 20.414 42. 5 40. 9 30.0 42.9 37.3 40.0 34.7 41.4 Mi-ri(l. iliBl. 3T. 3 40. 3 30.2 43.0 3,-.. 4.-. 8 38.0 42.2 30.3 44. 5 35. 44.7 30.9 42.0 3.1.0 4,''.8 37.0 47.1 3^. 2 30. 7 49.9 40. 3 30.0 30.4 41.2 39.4 3,-1. 4 30. 4 39. 5 34.0 .1.1 I) 30.7 35.5 44 9 20. SO. 2 32. 7 45.9 42.0 3.-.. 4 39. 7 34.9 31.0 37.5 2.S.0 39.0 27. 4 3J. 5 32. 5 37. 2!l.7 38. 2 28.0 3.5. 3 31.7 37.4 29. 3= 3 29. 37.4 39.8 41.0 20. 4 39.3 'ii. 5 i5.9 19.2 39.9 41.0 27. 9 37. 2 41.0 41.2 3.-1. 9 37.9 41.9 10.0 37. 5 29.7 42. 39.9 4i 2 i 30 I-- 33.7 50.0 37. 4 I . 44.2 I. Di'C'lilijitinTi. Cdrreclioiifi. L.-vcl. Uifra- 07 0.-. .-.-J. HM 30 II 4.'. 7 1 30 2^ 0-.2I 01 41 4J.37 01 .'.1 e^.'^-i 30 (ij Oil. 30 42 45 4'1. 48 53 33 3.-,. r.2 .'.7 07 31. k4 40 40 1.1.71 47 03 24. 17 51 00 4(i. 04 45 5-< :-; 00 .52 03 39. 02 37 .57 57. 83 00 00 1.5. .59 55 :10 ,',3, 13 IJ 12 08.22 .58 47 la. 20 39 05 00. 04 48 49 :■■>. 23 49 21 48. 19 41 10 51.71 .50 25 21.75 19 21 10. 04 4-' 30 12.20 .■,0 25 .59. 1 1 41 22 ,5.5. C7 30 37 21. 98 07 05 .58. 27 00 30 49. 45 00 49 31.41 37 15 l!l. ,55 32 52 4 I. 83 05 21) 53. 81 47 35 13.79 50 111 22. 78 00 25 SO. 10 37 48 30. 29 47 .-.■> 5 1. 10 50 02 11.30 30 28 08. 30 01 41 18. .Vi 01 51 91.72 30 02 00. 49 ,57 07 35. 00 40 40 49. 87 45 .58 .5.5. 27 .52 03 39. 85 48 49 .58. 4!) 43 94 48. 45 +1 31. 85 -5 0.5.00 + 3 10.91 -9 41. 75 +3 11.84 -7 41.39 1 21. 89 —2 13.04 +5 21.74 +3 38. 18 -7 29. 78 4 S 40. 30 +0 .50.02 +4 23. 95 +8 09. 00 -f 3-2. 55 -2 47.89 -9 51. 83 +4 00.90 -7 03.23 -0 5!. 40 -5 .58.85 43 14.00 +5 44.07 -1 20.00 -7 95. 42 I ■1-0. 18 +0r3 + 2.1:3 ^ 3. 00 .,2.15 + I.SO +2. 95 +3.28 13. 40.10 +3. 10 40.07 -0. 13 +0. 10 +0.09 +0. 08 +0. Hi 1-0.09 -0. 09 -(-0. 00 -0.17 -i-0. 10 -n. 13 -0.02 -0. 03 -1-2. 79 + 1. 90 +■'<■ 10 +3. 07 +5 38 t:l- 98 -0 2!l H-o II -I 12 -0 49 -3 19 -9 77 -1 73 -3 19 -2 l,.- ISoiI. t(i lurrid. Lntltiiilo. I 48 ,59 .-lO, 43 ,53. 99 40. 10 +0.11 -0.05 -0.18 -1-0. 07 -0.12 -0.02 -0.09 +0.00 +0.10 -0. 02 41. 11 .50. 05 .50.14 50. 08 55. 38 .5.5. 38 50. 99 .55. 01 .54. 97 50. 09 55. 15 .55. ,50 55. 20 Jleinarkii SoptomborSl. September 20. -0. 13 i i 50. 88 50. 51 .57. 09 55. 42 .5.5. 92 .50. 44 50.39 54. 40 5.5. 50 53. 75 48 .59 ,5,5. 74 Seplemlior 27. UEPOItr OF TIIH OrilKF ASTItONOMEU. 90 Obnerratioiiti Jor Lutiludc. — Stiitimi Ao. I — Coiitiiiiioil. aA.c. Ko. Mii'rum. P'JOO b'J73 t<344 4(1 67 1-^0 IV 1!I8 2111 2:l9 a."u nii-M 0081 7(V.'4 7U7;l TlfO 71U(i 7;i4,-i 744-I 74-0 74,-i) 7."iO,"i 7iiu:> 77,-ir, 77C.-. 7787 76U0 78i0 7p«i VM\-1 ton 80:ii UU59 boh:! 81-J? eiioc era 8:144 4(i 1)7 i.;o I7."i ea 171 14. 1.7 1 i7.7:ir> !i4.(iJ3 SO. o:i8 l(i. 401 16.S:iO M. 4;w 'Hi. 343 14. UIJ tm.Ul'J S4. 44li li'. mi 87. If2 11). 4^,■^ 84. r,73 811. 4.U 8'i ;il'8 87. 810 117(0 3V. 'jM l'.).-i:M 87. UOl ir..(;o;i 87.311 8U. (lllll 88. 7113 21.0-.1 84. 3114 i.i.a.'.:i 81.0.'il lt^.l^l S3. 7,-.7 18.713 88. 3:.ll l.'i.ai-. 80.011) 80. 4I)-J 10. 100 ai.rjO'.i 83. 03.-. 111. 331 80. Ob. I 10. UllJ 17. 088 81.fjl 3I.K(i 87. 07.-1 11.401 80. 4!i0 lv(.a(liiiKfi. Lovfl. (list. N. S. 30.4 33. 8 37. 44. 7/1. n. 30. .'i 81). 38. u 48.7 40. .'S 80. 37. 08. U 30.2 33. 4 40.8 4; J l(i. 11 311. 8 40. 3(i. 1) 30.0 44.8 40. 3(i. 3 40.7 4.-.. 30.1 37. 43. 44.1) 30. 8 40. U 44.0 31). 81 4.".. 8 40.0 4il 48.0 1 4'.. 41.7 48. 4 43. (i 44 4,0. 44. 4I.U 4'1. 40.0 4.1.4 4li.8 4.1. 40. :• 40. 8 4.0. 3 40.0 4-. (i 4.-.. 8 41.0 41.4 3.'.0 4T.8 .00. 3 4I.H 4.-'. 1 411. 48.0 41. ►! 4^8 40.1 41.3 4T0 40. 40. 8 41.0 40.1 48. 11 4.-I. 7 43.7 4:1. 011.8 40. 48.1 4-.. 4-.U 47. 4.-I. 8 30. 31). 3.-.. 7 33. 9 34. 8 33. 11 34. 4,.9^ 38.4 40. (i 40.0 40. 40.4 34.0 3(1. 3.-1. 9 Corrrt^tloon. Dt'cliuiitiuii. 41 10 01.00 00 80 '^i. 00 00 87 .00. 04 4 1 88 00. '.0 .•10 37 "0. 18 07 00 08. 80 CO :'0 40. 70 CO 40 31.70 37 10 411. to 38 08 40. 00 00 80 04. 17 47 30 14. 00 00 IC 83. 00 00 80 80.41 37 48 30. ."3 40 07 48. 71 I 07 40 311. 411 01 01 84.80 311 08 00. 03 4J 40 411. 70 00 33 3.'.. 87 07 07 3.0. 87 40 40 50 01 47 08 84. 00 01 00 40. 48 40 0^ .v.. 4.^ 08 0.1 40. 08 37 .-17 0,-.00 00 00 10. 09 .'0 30 .03.01 48 18 OA 00 .08 47 18.83 30 00 07. 07 .08 01 11.8) 40 03 01.80 4-< 40 .08. 70 40 81 4'<. 78 41 10 08. -.'O ; M SO 8 J. 37 , 40 81 41.81 4r- 30 18.77 00 87 0.1. 70 I 41 S8 00.38 30 37 2.0. 31 (:? 00 ,09. 81 CO 30 00. 13 00 30 l-.a-! (Ill 40 38. 13 37 10 00.00 j 3J 08 40. 88 CO 80 01. 08 I &tlt'l'lMIl. l.i'vd. Iti'frui;. * II +8 .'lO.OI -8. 18 +0. 10 +4.31.30 -1. 11 -i0.08 +8 10.00 -.-..CO + 0.10 +0 37. 88 -1.18 •fO. 11 -2 41.09 -S. 01 -0.00 i -0 00.00 -1.08 -0.18 +4 09.90 -8.00 +0.07 -7 00.07 -8. a; -0. 18 -) 8 47.07 -0.01 -1-0.00 -f J 14.80 -0.97 40. 00 -9 41.40 +0. 07 -0.17 +0 43. 38 HO. 80 1-0. 10 -7 39. 10 +0. 43 -0.13 -1 88. 17 -to. 80 -0.02 -a 11. .04 + I.I7 -0.03 i +0 3a 47 -0.77 +0.10 +3 30.23 +0. 09 -1-0.07 -18 80.71 + 1.39 -1-0.0.1 ■ -7 80.77 +0. 30 -0. la +8 40.81 + 1.80 -t-n. 10 i +0 07. 07 -4-0.71 -1-0. 08 +4 8.0. 88 +0. 38 -fO. Or. +8 13.40 +1.0J -1-0. 10 +0 33. 10 +3 00. 88 -8 4.0.20 -»-0. 87 - -0. 00 -j-0. 87 -1-0. 1 1 -{-0.07 -0. 00 -0 03. ,00 -1-1.40 -0...8 1.00 Latiliiilc. 48 1 0.0. 90 05.10 OJ. 17 .00. 00 .07. 00 07. 70 00. 08 00. 73 .'0, 70 00. 00 07 00 50. 37 .00. 07 .05. 08 06.07 04. 05 ,03.84 .04. 80 58.19 .00. 51 0.0. 42 54.41 07. 03 .0.1. 07 04. 08 50. 00 llriiiaikK. f'lilriuln-r87. S('iiti'nilH'rS8. 100 UNITED STATKS NOKTIIKKN BOUNDAUY COMMISSION. Obxcrvatiom for Latitude. — Station Xo, I — Continiipd. B.A.C. No. Koodiusn. Declination. n 1 f 47 35 14. 38 50 lU 'S\. 3!) iIO 25 'J!l. 78 37 48 30. 77 (17 05 5.5. 35 30 44 Sl.iJO as 04 SO. !l(l m 30 '.14. 70 (yorrr (-lions. LntlliKlo. O t It 48 89 .5(1. 13 .57. 18 5.5. 71 48 50 57. 99 Romarkn. Mioroin. 94. 750 lt<. .-i;i:i an. 4:in 17. on in. :m MO. 4-J5 at. iir,7 15. 108 Lovol. Mcrld. (list MIrroTo. (4 04. 50 -7 04.11 +4 31.11 H-9 33.71 I.rvcl. -|'.'.(M -1-1.17 -1-1.19 +1..'.7 llcfnic -fd. 07 -0.1 'J ■F0.09 -1-0. 18 llol. In inc: 1(1. -1 0. 04 X. 8. 19S 81U a.i9 ttS9 ISYr. Tl 345 401 34.0 47.4 :i7.o 40. ;. 3S.3 4U.5 ;w.3 4.1. 3 41. :i •J8. 5 ,■17. 8 M. 1 ;i7.B ;i5.7 40.0 33.0 m.H. '"o'so Spptcnibor 'J8. 104 (lotorminntious. Mfnn Intitddo, 480 sjy s.i'.cjj Value of niicroraoter tura uflod, 7H".075 Valuo of one diviaion of lorol, 0".iHr<)|M>, WiirdriiiHrin Nu. 7.— Cliroiioinetor, Nr^iisHlilori'iiI No. l.'iM. B.A.C. Nf. ins aio s.vj tS-Yr. 73 401 4;iK 487 .Its 5i;c nil ti.'* 741 7.VJ 8-r. C728 U74H 81170 707:1 TJl.l 7'J77 734.7 7448 7481) 7480 7.'.0.-| 7(10.7 7ii:in 7li7U 7787 7800 7820 7882 Iti'adingfl. Mlcrom. Liivcl. N. S. 2.'.. lOf. 111. IU4 C8. 280 17. Il4.'i 10. ;in.'p 2.'p. 832 28. 470 14.418 18. 4f7 20. :I4I 25. (i.'i8 2.1. r.n:i 18. 184 2.1. 08 1 20.018 14.1,74 31.04.7 10. .TOl 24. 787 17. 804 2.-1. 872 I 10.307 23.070 I 13.014 1 20.027 I 17.801 20.2.7.1 ; 111.3011 28.343 aO. 173 20. 030 20. (124 23. 721 21. POl 20.715 18.810 24. U70 10. 340 22. 584 1.7.070 87. 4ri7 38, :i 34.8 :i.7. 7 48.4 38.1 40. 5 30.0 4.7. 40.0 40. 4.7. U 38. :, 30.4 30. 40. 7 40.0 47. 2 41.7 40.0 41.8 41.3 40 8 4.7. 5 42.0 43. G 40.3 47.8 4.7.2 44.7 4.7. 8 44. 5 40.8 43.3 44.0 40.0 43.7 47.0 44.0 40.0 4.7. ,7 4C.G 37. 40.4 30.4 27. 2 38.0 37.1 37.0 32.3 .37.7 32. 8 32. 7 40. 3 30. 40.6 30.1 30. 5 32.0 38.8 30. ri 40. 41.7 42.7 38.7 4'i2 41.0 41.0 37.8 40.0 42.0 41.4 42. 40. (1 41.8 41.2 42. .7 4.7. 1 42. 2 4.7. 42.4 43.4 42. S Hirlil. m.K. 35 Deciiiiatioii. 47 35 10. 31 SO 111 28. .73 CO 25 3.7. 05 37 48 31. 84 07 00 Ol.f.O ■M 4 1 54. 57 28 04 24. 01 (iO 311 31.01 47 .78 .7n.82( no 02 40. 87 i 50 Oil 40. on 03 411 20. (10 34 23 00. 34 00 40 40. (18 31 13 4.7.03 10 2- 08. (II 78 .74 37.01 43 25 32. 34 54 40 47. 33 30 28 0;i. 47 01 41 .'lO. 01 01 51 27.04 30 02 01. 02 42 4.7 4->. 40 55 33 3i'. 28 .77 07 37. f-0 40 40 52. 14 47 0-> 27. 10 51 00 40. 08 45 .78 58. 50 52 03 43. 54 37 58 00. 80 CO 00 20. 22 55 30 .77. OC 42 12 12 00 .78 47 2.7. 30 30 05 10. 34 52 01 18. 47 45 63 55. 12 4" 50 01 00 4'J 21 53.07 Corrt'clioiiH. Micriiiii. + 3 62. .7(1 - 7 22. 31 -1-4 13.21 -1-0 12.77 - 1 12.03 - 4 .70. 22 - S (;0. 40 -11 30.84 - 3 24. h7 - 5 13.83 + 2 .70. 8ft - 51.51 + 5 30. 20 - 7 .73. 30 - 1 37. 01 - 2 25. 43 -) 5 11.39 -f 3 211. 01 + 2 07. 37 - 7 43. 07 Lovi'l. llcl'rnc. -0.88 +3. 04 ^2.81 -13.51 -(3. (10 -0.40 -f4.00 +3. 53 -^0. no +0.07 -0. 13 -(-0. 08 +0.17 -0.02 -0.00 -0.01 -0.20 -D.OU JIimI. In nil-'llll. +0.10 +0.11 + 0.11 I -0.10 -1-1. 10 I +0.0.-1 [ +0..74 ! -0.18 +1.42 + 1..77 -1-1.35 -) 1. 00 -to. 88 -10. 70 4 0. 70 -11. SO -1-0. 10 -0. 13 -0.02 , u. i):t +0.00 +0. 0.1 -0. 13 Lntltiidi'. o ' /# 48 5U 45. 83 40. 74 44. 18 4;i. Of. 1.7. .78 40.76 40. 47 4(1. 36 4,7. 80 40 '^ 4.7. ,72 ■n;. 24 40. 73 46. 411 4.7. 31 40. 13 47.12 44. :8 44. 09 48 53 45. 57 Itpiunrka. Ootolwr 16. OctdlliU' 17. 101 p \ 102 UN1TEI> STATES NOUTHKUN BOIJNDAHY COMMISSION. Obscrvutionsfur Latitude. — Station No, 'J — Coiitiiiuud. 11. A. C. Nil. lllUllllll^H, 1 Di'cllniUiiin. Corrtcll'iun. L.1III111I1.. 1 .* 48 59 4,5. 38 ItiMuirkii. Microni. I.CVfl. 1 M.'il.l. lliHt. m.>. Mlcruni. ■H 8 3i'3 t.OVll. KlIViic llnl. Ill iniriil. N. S. •>. 130 l.'i. Ill 44 4 4.<. 3 4."i. 3 41.7 41 10 .'A 10 Ht 25 27. 53 41.28 -t 0. 15 „ Octulrer 17. 80:10 sn.1117 vll. 9.-J 43. 49. li 411.0 40.0 49 81 l.-i. Ml 48 30 17. 44 + 41. KP -l-l.'ij -10.02 45. 19 Pl'JS If. .'.37 1!4. KIH 4.'.. I 47.0 14. 4 42.2 50 8-< ().•.. 07 41 2:1 10.58 -1- 4 11.01 -11.41 -1-0. 07 45. 34 H-.'Oli 8-J7;l ■i'.l.'iU 17. 149 4.-1. 3 49.0 4,-i. 3 41. U 30 37 28. 70 07 00 U.'i. 50 + 1 .'.3.79 +1.73 -fO.15 41.77 t<:iu 1». 443 4,V a 49. U 40. 1 41.0 73 42 13. 54 24 20 08. 19 - 4 80. 03 41.00 -0.09 4:-, 75 KH4 4ti in 10. 3r4 liO. .'.■.Il 311. I'll'.! ii:>.iiui 40.7 49.0 40. 4 43.2 3?. 7 31'. 9 3-, 9 30.7 080 'iO 30 .'.0. 14 00 30 24. 3.1 1:11 4J 38. 23 37 15 54.3,1 + 17. 92 -I- 3 34. 1-0 - 3 01.78 , 1.91 4-1.70 -1-i.s.o -1-0. 11 4-0. 00 -0. 05 +0.04 4.-.. 21 4.5.91 41'^ 25 lao 115 13.7.'i.-< 29. 307 40.4 43.5 39.0 30.5 "d ifi 32 f'i 49. 04 05 2V Ul.OI -JO 11. CO + 1.75 -0.19 -f 0. 02 4 1. 95 19H tllU 34, li.-i.l Id t'M 40. .1 43.1 39. 7 30.9 47 ;'5 19..'.- ,'.0 10 2,8. to -1- 3 48. 98 +I..57 4-0.07 44. PO i.':i(» 87. 01, 'i 10. 4U1 3:1. i 43.7 411. 5 30.1 00 '25 3.V 97 37 18 35. 04 - 7 21. 13 -1 1. 40 -0. 13 4;.. 70 IJ.Vr. 73 343 111. 3l>H iUi. VH 39. 4 40. 4 40.7 34.1 07 00 01.94 30 44 51.74 1- 4 1.5. ,54 +2.38 -l-». 08 40.31 4i'l U9.0I4 39. 9 44.4 49. 30.3 28 04 84. 17 09 30 31. 37 + 9 l.'i. 37 -l-I.CO -hO. 17 41.97 474 4»7 r.6o 13. 097 17. -b:! 19. .'i7li ::4. 8«0 42.0 42. 1 42. 5 42. 1 3i<.9 .■I." ::■ 3-. 4 3-'. 7 48 01 '20.79 47 .VJ l»i. 08 5 1 02 .Ml. 1 1 50 09 10. 32 7 19.91 - 1 iu.5;i +1.40 ■il.04 -0. 12 -0. 02 41. 98 4li. '20 (III a.-.. 7l!.'i la I3S 49.1 41.0 49.0 39. 03 40 80. 92 34 2.1 00. 53 - 4 59. 93 ■10.34 -0.C9 47. 05 74i ■..•.a ftl 4116 ;■). 499 40.7 40.9 40.0 40.8 Oil 49 49.41 31 13 4(1. U9 - 1 50.71 -1 D. 04 -I'.OI 411. 51 14. .■!.■« 3i.l7e) 40. 9 42.3 41.9 49. 3 19 28 0-.. 13 78 54 3- 95 -U 37.00 +0. 43 -O.'JO 40. 15 079 9911 18. 1 7 !J5.3« 39, 9 4,-1. 1 43. 4 38.9 77 15 42. 38 •20 34 20.81 -f. 4 43. 13 -10.81 -l-O- 10 4.-.. 10 1101 11127 19. ri03 !i-J. ±!,T 41. H 43. 1) 41.4 49. 2 31 15 13.35 00 47 .52.82 - 1 47. CS +0. 72 -0. 03 411. 1,9 1203 11!-J« 2.1. .'..Ir 19. 731 41.4 42.8 41.9 40. 1) 02 41 40.92 35 25 24. 25 - 3 47. 05 +0. -M -0.07 4.-.. 25 12.14 f.'87 SI. 710 iM. 131 19. 43. 9 42. 7 39. 7 .'.0 00 09. 19 48 1.4 58. .55 - 'J 48.40 +0. 47 -0.05 45. P3 0758 GT4cl 19.421 SO. oeo 4-.. 2 37.7 3.'.. 1 43.1 ■13 85 32. 3 1 51 49 47.34 - .1 '2:1. 00 + 1.05 -0.00 17. 78 Oclobir 18. 0760 0S17 23. 101 21. mi 10.7 35. 2 40. 5 40. 4 .57 43 U3. 99 40 10 50.02 - 08. 42 -'2.18 0.00 4li. 10 0937 0070 18.144 42.0 44.0 41.0 39. 1 30 88 09. 48 01 41 .50.05 — 5 1,5. 99 I 1.33 -0. 10 4.-.. 31 70J4 -073 20. "19 24, .'.01 4 '.4 41.2 4,^.8 39 'J 01 51 2:.! -0. 18 ^^ 48 511 411.01 Uctulivr 18. 1J1S I7.8-.-J UO. iPl 40. 4.'.. 43.4 3«.7 .'.1 07 ,T.07 40 40 ^2, i.0 -1- 5 se. 04 40. '12 4 II. 10 45. 04 M4;. 7443 1(1. 14:1 ii6. i.iO 41.0 40.0 4,'. 4 41.2 47 O.^ 27. 2- il 00 4;i,tO - 7 il.77 -0.0 J -0. 13 4,'., 73 7JtO 74eli 20. 717 VU. lliO 42. R 40.0 4.', 3 44.4 4.'i .V ;h. 01 12 0,7 43.02 - 1 30.31 -0. 71 -0.(12 4... 01 i:,or, 7005 SO. .'..-..■. !i4.1.0il 4:1.0 ;io, II 41.0 40.3 37 .'..s 00. 0.'. 00 00 20.41 -2 23.74 - 0. 00 -0.04 4.-.. 01 7ii:io 1i'.70i; 'M. OUI 42.0 40.7 43. .1 4l.ti .'..1 30 .'.7. Kl 42 12 12. 13 4- 5 00. 40 - 1. 80 4 0. 0!) 43. 27 7700 10. 4!i|l HI.-..; 40, 40.7 44.7 3S.0 "0 17 ,'.H 47 21. .'.1 30 0;. 10, 4(1 -[• 3 27. Ill 4 0. 00 4 0. 0(1 40.04 4.5. in 7^00 19. 4;i-j 4.'. 2 41.0 43.0 41.0 .V2 0I 18,0.'. 4,-. W. :.... '.:< 4- a 00.00 4 0. 38 4 0. 03 44.84 78 J(, 70BJ in. ('JO a:. i;o;i 42. !l 411.7 42.3 41. « 4.'f r.0 CI. 0.1 411 24 .',3.8.'. - 7 4.1, 12 4 .Ml -0.13 4.'.. 40 7!iiig ijl>^4 iJ. BOO i;..o40 4 1.4 4I.& 42.4 41.7 41 1(1 .'.(1.27 CO U't 27. 70 + 8 30, 17 4 0. 85 4 0. 15 4:1. Ill bii.ill e.'i. 4i«i l!i;.5UI 44. ;i 4J.U 4-1 ,1 22 ■10 21 4(1. 1(1 48 30 17.01 + 44, 3- 4 0,83 4 0.0 J 4 0.0(1 47. 15 IH.471; li4. B.'iO 42. :i 4i.2 41.0 41,0 r.ii '2-' 0.-.. ro 41 23 00.70 4- 4 10, to 40. .'ill 40.07 4 1. .'.5 aaaii 10. S7.-. :i:i. 7 3:.. a 33. 32,3 30 37 a-". CI 07 00 0,'..tO 4- 7, '.4. 115 4 0. 07 4 0. 15 42. 78 Kill t.lJI 2.'. ;ii'.ii If. 014 :i:i. 30.5 33, 31.0 7:1 42 13. fO 21 2(1 lid. ;i"( - 4 2.-.. 1.1 ■ 11.17 -O.li'l 40. .'.5 p:ni f:ii:ii 41', in.4ij 20. r»7j no. i',;h 20.UII :i;i, 7 3:1. 31.7 3:1,0 33, 7 33, 11 33, K 32.0 00 30 ,-.0. .'1 Oil 30 al..'.4 Oil 4'i 38. r.i ;;7 lODi.i.o 4- 18.78 -1- 3 3.-.. 14 - 3 00. SI 4M..-1 •jO.fl (•1). 70 4 0. 1 1 4-0.00 - 0. 05 4... 21 45 .'.3 4(1. 12 I'.'O 1 1. HV.l ■Ml. 2^ 1 34. c 31. f •13,2 3J.(I :;::::: 32 r.2 4:1. 21 Hj 27 01.31 -111 08.75 4-0.72 -0.111 47. 05 l!'8 I'lfl 20. 1>7 20. j;.7 ;io. 1 32. 31.7 3.1.3 47 3.-I lil. !-2 50 10 2M.C7 4- 3 40. 34 4 0.38 40.07 44. 24 IJ-Yr.Tl :il.-i lO.O.M 2.). 002 41.0 24. 4I0 117 0(1 ;. 27 30 4 1 :>t. 00 4- 4 17. 31 i 0. 01 4-0. 08 40. .57 47) 4-7 i-.iio 14. fOJ If. O.^.H 20. 74.'. 20. OJ.-. 114. .'. 31.4 3... 1 X.'.. 33.3 33. 4 3J.0 31.0 "o'ii 48 01 21.0,'. 47 .'.0 00. 3 1 .'.0 02 .Ml. 11 r.O Oil 40. .'..- - 7-17.00 - 1 10. 30 1 -;i. 17 -0,12 • 1 0. 70 -0. OJ -HO, 11 411. 0(1 4,5, 05 on 0.jli 211.11'. Id. 4,'.i: ^.^ 3.7, 7 01 411 27.21 31 23 00,71 - 5 01. Ill i 1..-..1 -ii.o;i 47, 83 741 ra b:i. 010 80. OBI 30. 5 32. 31.8 30. 3 no 4!l 411. 73 31 13 4(1,2.-. - I .'.0.08 ( 0. on - 0. 04 411, 80 evu 1:1. IHO 30. UO.". 33. 7 30.0 31,0 31.7 Ill S1I 08.21 78 54 38. -J.t -11 37.22 io. 00 -0.20 411, 07 97!) OUD 17. r..'.o 24. 7110 23. :i 42,8 ■t'.t, 20.7 77 1.7 4.'. 71 20 34 20.0(1 1- 4 43. .50 1 10.00 j 4 11.10 4.5. 40 l','o:i li!2S 2.' 217 10. 428 3;. 3,^. 3,1. r, 20. » 11.' 41 41.11 ll.'i 2.'. 21.110 3 47.72 ''■l"i -»■"■ IS 50 40. IS t! , !■•* 104 UNITED STATES XORTnEKN BOJNDAKY COMMISSION'. ObHervatiom for Lutitudc. — Station No, 2 — Contiimeil. BA.C No. 1 ■:.-■< )2-4 1-8! 77.V. 7i05 80 ;n 8jug eos:) elJ8 8j7;i 8^N 8:iJ4 Km Kllli 4U (17 IlcadtDgA. 1 Micron). til. -1:14 30. 1-Jl 211 ll.-|| '.l.IWi in. Oir. ■J4. i* 11.290 WA IDS il.fOl 2i 6(12 IH. .V.'S •;4. !K.O 2H. ,'il!) 1(1. M) ■-4. ^^^l 18. (,78 1. "1.724 r.>.0(4 211. U7.I 2^ 3H Lovel. 3:1.8 -.1(1. fi ;!8.4 4U. 3 Moriil. dist. 3X 8 i 31.1 41.0 3;>. 4 • :;n. 7 ' 37.0 i Drclinntlon. Corrcctiuos. (0 o:i. U4 .'iS. I 00 10. ( 04 .'.9 37. 3 40. 7 ' 41.0 37.2 :'8. 4 41.4 40.7 111). 4 30. 7 40.(1 40. :, 3A0 30.4 3a !i 30. 1 4U. (1 40.4 37. b ' ■.•S. 1 1 30.7 30. (1 30.2 I 40.11 10 4 40. (1 41'. r, ,11.0 47 21. O.-i II. I .-0 03. E I 24 ;;l. I I 21 47. I I 3(1 18. t i 28 0'!. : 23 01. C I 37 2(1. ,' ■ Oil 07. •; 42 r.. ^ 20 C3 t 30 .^7. i 3U 2\'. 4.1 31. ^ l.'l klJ. L Microu). - 2 40. 00 - 2 48. 4(1 f 3 2(1. M - 7 44. 14 -f 4(1. 74 + 4 10. fl(i + 7 ri6. 77 - 4 20. 01 + 18. 82 -I- 3 34.30 - 3 01. ;o Level. ll i.O' 45".C7. ^ttimlier ofdeti-Tniiniiti' oh, 84. Vnluo (if micronietrio t.ini, 78". 07.'. Ouo dirieiion of li3\ el, C.SUtrj. 0".0.') 0".0(13 0".010 O".0O7 g; jl in 106 UISITED STATES KORTilEKN BOU>'DARY COMMISSION. Observations for Latitude — Station No. 2 — Contiiiuoi'.. B. AC. No. Headings. DcclioBtiiiD. Corrections. Latitmlo. Remarka. Micrum. Level. MlTill. Miorom. Lovel. Kefrao. Riul. to moriil. N. S. AM. 5.WJ 55JJ n.441 S'J. -Jsu 313 35.0 31.1 30. G m,s. , " 55 20 3f . 08 42 1.1) 4J. 23 I- 10 15.40 + (1.30 +0.18 " 48 59 50. 90 1 .luuo 14. 10.S03 31. M7 34.0 34.2 32.0 33.2 CD 02 33. 10 28 35 24. 41 +ioc7.(;o + 0.07 +O.S0 57 23 l.l. lf>5 !;l. 104 37! 7 35.8 30.1 ' 'o'io' 42 87 f.5. 2;! 55 37 C4. 90 - 3 04. 27 + 1.03 -0.05 +0. 05 re. HO 5t)!M 682J 8.1. 007 li481 33.2 37.1 34.9 31.8 31 54 42.50 C5 52 12. 40 + 6 2!'.C5 + 0.94 +0.11 57. 20 Mill 25. 777 14. 4C4 S4.!l 34.8 33.4 33.2 49 40 37. 78 48 21 .57. 01 - 5 51. 01 + 0.(19 -0.(9 57.28 6114 1)157 12. •j.ro S!j. 444 31.8 20.0 20 28.0 70 58 33. 74 SO 47 30. 00 + 6 49. 19 I 1.52 + 0.14 57.07 c;c8 13. 5:,9 IB. 115 23.0 1.8.0 85.3 20.1 39 20 13. 61 58 43 31.51 - 4 5C. M + 1.25 -0.09 57. M KilB 11. 435 ijB. 072 2.1.0 27.8 23.2 21. U .50 27 45. 28 38 14 53. 13 + 8 30. 20 + 1.00 +0. 15 .57.22 rrt7l WW 23. 433 17.702 ;k.o 31.8 38.1 32.8 42 4S 20. 02 55 OJ 34. 22 + 2 20. 79 -0.25 +0.05 ,58. 21 Juno 15. 5415 5JGU 12. IGO 34.0 30.1 31.0 34.0 58 10 10 40 40 UU 40. 40 - 8 30. 18 -0.40 -0.14 57.71 55il 14. 4110 34. 324 32.1 32.0 33.0 .'■; K 20 3-'. !>3 42 03 43. 40 t 10 10. 3.1 -0.33 + 0.18 57. 3b 24. 815 li 311 ,13.0 33.3 32. 1 32 8 31 51 42.72 .'5 52 12. 77 1- 28. 59 + 0.31 +0.18 50.70 5U11 2(1. 5.-.5 15. 187 3;l 7 33.0 32. 1 33. 1 4 > r.) 3J. 05 4H 21 57. 87 — 5 52. 72 +0.33 -0.00 ,55. 48 0047 UU73 2(1. 7 ill 10.541 33. 34.0 31.0 32.1 72 12 31 30 20 04 11. OU - 8 24. 20 + 0.-I0 -0.15 57. 08 cm (il57 11. .WO 32.0 35.3 34.8 32.1 70 5-1 34. 02 iO 47 40. 11 + C 53. .50 + 0.42 +0. 14 58. 22 14.375 23. hOS 34.0 3A0 3.5. 5 30.4 39 20 14.00 58 43 31. ei - 4 50. CO + 1.30 -0.09 . , ,'.8. 50 e:il>< o;iC5 ii.5;c 2rt. -JJl) 32. 2 J7.0 30.2 32.5 ,'.9 27 45. 58 3o .4 53. 4U 1 8 3)^.2.5 + 0.11 +0. 15 58. 00 Olvil 1 C47(i 20, 351 20.0.11 31.0 35.1 31.8 34.1 49 17 21.10 4s 41 55.73 h le.ou + 0.25 +0.01 51i. 07 cr5;i li5?0 17.740 21. 520 37.1 33.1 32. 1 3i). 5 32 17 (:2.82 05 45 40. 70 - 1 57. 47 +0. 30 -0. 03 57.37 (i(!'J4 21.015 l."i.83J 311. 1 3... 5 33. 5 34.4 40 07 20. 3.'' 5; 45 07. .Mi + 3 08.71 +0. 83 +-0. 05 58.00 (.72 r! 1,7 1" 17.SI4 2i.7o2 .33. 5 37. 3(1. 32.7 4125 11 77 5) 40 2I.3J - a51.2f +0. 17 -o.o.-i 57. 29 (.7,-n U8I7 17.018 IH. U.-O 3-.. ^ 32. t' 31. H 3i'.0 5- 4! 30. .'.7 40 l(i 2i01 + 23. 95 -0.01 + U. 01 ...• .57.80 7(WI 707:l Hi. (iCi • 23.014 34. 1 35.1 37.0 30.0 CI 50 02.41 30 01 41.43 + 3 35. TO -". r5 +0.00 58. 33 71011 71I.U 10.717 28. >'40 3:*. 1 35.4 :-,3. 35. 4; 45 21.a5 55 33 1 1. 13 - 9 22 31 1 1. 10 -0 10 58. 12 721.-1 7J77 i:i.i87 85. 400 30.0 34.0 35. 37.4 .'.7 n: 14.41 40 40 31. 50 1 03. 42 -0. 51 ( 0. 10 48 ,59 50. 04 REPORT OF TCi!J ODIEF ASTRONOMER. Observations for Latitude, — Station No. 2 — Coutiuuud. 107 B. A.C. Ko. Ri-'niliiitjs. Dccllimtion Curreclioim. Llititudo. Keiiinrks. Micro ni. Level. Mcrid. Mlcrom. Level. Hefrao. Roil, to meiid. N, s. (list. mo 20. tn.-i i.'i'jj: ;i7. .■■. 3U.5 34.2 35.0 m.«. / 11 38 00 11.70 59 44 4d. 52 + a 55. 80 + 0.94 + 0.05 ^^ » II 43 59 57.01 Juno 15. 54ir> 54ua s«. .12:1 13, OJJ 29.0 28.3 27.9 28.4 5a 16 10. OS 40 00 4U. UO - 8 31. fi7 -0. 22 -0. 15 57.34 Juno 17. .1503 8. r>ii:i 23.1 21. I 28.0 32. 2 55 29 30. 40 42 09 43.08 ■1 10 11. C2 -1.78 +0. 18 D4.70 Kcjixtoil. !>54.'. 50,'ia n. nil ;ii.acj ifi.211 ■Jl. 177 2.-1. 2-'.U :io.o 20. 5 31.3 23.4 27.1 31.0 6'io 60 02 33 04 28 35 25. Oa 42 27 .10. 00 55 37 O.'i. to + 11 02. 10 - 3 01. 09 -1.29 - 0. 30 4 0. 20 -O.l'l + 0.04 60.00 50.41 Ui'ji'Ctt'iliiHiloub*- lul un luconl. ,w.i:i 'J7.-I0 15. IJJ 20. 2 27.0 31'. 2 31 51 43.10 (l.-| 62 13. 38 + 29.01 -0.51 |0, 11 57.53 Mil 11.181 23.7 20. 7 30.1 20. 8 41) 40 3J. C4 4,S 21 5H. 47 - 5.12.20 -0.33 -0. v'.i 53.83 G047 tiOlJ 27.(171 ll.:)7;! :io. 1 30.4 30.1 30.2 72 12 32.00 20 01 12.3'J - 8 2.1. 72 +0. 04 -0,15 .10. 30 IllH (iin 27. u:. 20.7 31.0 31. 4 30.0 70 .'.3 31.03 20 47 40. 58 t- 50. (.0 -II. 10 i 0. 1 1 .17.08 C3IW Ili.41» 2,-i. UM 40 21. G 21. 5 40.0 30 20 ll.Cfi f,8 43 32.41 - 4 50. 13 ^ 0. 02 -0. t:t 2;i. :i;)2 31.5 33.0 31.0 20. 5 '6":w' 43 2.-. 12. .. 54 40 2.7.11 1 - 2 53. 10 ■1 n. - 1 -0.0'. lO. 14 .10.50 UHi; IH. MH 10.311 20.0 3.1.2 33. 2 20. .17 42 40. 18 40 lU 2.'. 47 + 22. 12 U.OU 1 fO.Ol 4^ ..J 50.00 i Mi'iin Lllilu In (00 iluturuiiuatluuH), 48^ 59' 57". 20. . = ± O'Mii r _ I 0".4J e„ = 1 0".08 T„ = 1 0".05 fn i 1878. UNITED STATES NOUTDERN BOUNDAKY. Observations for Latitude. [Aatronomicnl Station No. 3.~Kafli side of Pembina ^lonntnln, 3r> milt 8 west of rembiiia.— Observer, J. F. Ore;:ory, Lieu- tenaut United States EDgincerB.>-Zeiiilb Xelfafopi', AViiuleuiaun No. II.— Cliiunumettr, isegua Sidereal Ko. H^i.j B. A.C. Kg. Iteailinca. 1 Doclinatlun. (.'iirrt'ctiimfi. Latitude. KcniarKs, Microm. Level. aleiid diat. Microm. - 4 30. 07 Level. - 1.40 Ilefrae, l!ed. to uierld. N. S. ."ioao '■jom 21. 7fifl 14.4:7 42.3 28.2 30 4,'.0 T ti.». 3- 44 30. 73 59 24 45. -,0 -0,03 v O > n 48 59 0(1. 10 •Tune 1,5, r,Q7i U13 10.031 21.010 40.7 41.0 3,1.0 33.7 42 4,* 29. 02 55 00 34. 22 + 2 31. S9 + 1.30 +0.04 04.91 8415 S4U0 ll.OOD BJ. OcO 3?. 8 30. 5 3.5. 9 44.2 58 10 10.44 40 00 40.41 - fl 20. 48 - 3.35 -0. 13 64.87 55aj 20. P.-O 10. 25j 37.0 42.0 37 7 32. 4 55 29 38. 93 42 09 43. 40 +10 10. 02 4 3.01 4-0.17 61.00 2.-.. 712 7.K1 .'lO.O 12.0 24.8 .59. (1 09 02 33. ,38 28 35 24.01 +11 0-3.88 — (!. 70 +0.21 5.5.32 50!) 1 5623 13. 4.-10 24. 130 41.2 4.'.C 34. 3,-). 2 31 54 4-3.72 05 52 12 78 + 6 36. 82 + 4.34 -1-0. 12 09.03 .V53 fiUll 14. .191] 23. 620 37.0 31.7 41.1 40.0 49 49 38. 04 48 21 .57. 87 - 5 42. 72 - 5 811 -0.19 .59. 25 OCtH C0«) 24. 101 10. 5111 43.0 24.2 37.0 5l>. 39 20 14 09 ,58 43 31, 81 - 4 39. 03 - 8. !..< -0.08 05. 06 r,:iif> B4SI 20. O.-a 11. too 10. 0.',fl IS.crt 48.0 21.8 35. 31.0 32. 3 59.2 45.8 50.7 !)0 27 43. !)8 38 14 .53. 39 49 17 21. 09 48 41 5.5.72 + 8 4,5. 80 H-0 28.83 - 0.73 — 9.27 H-0. 14 -i-0. 01 ,5.-75 57. 97 ()M(i 20. 536 17.0110 37. 5 :i5. 4 44.0 47.3 32 18 02 23 05 45 4ii. 78 - 1 4.5. ,52 — ,5 8!l -0.(13 06 (1123 (i-4tl ii. HO U. 041) 47. 5 28.0 35. 7 5.5.2 41 25 11.78 54 40 24. 39 - 2 34. 97 -4.77 —0. 04 08. ,10 r)7fo ti8i; 19. 424 le. 732 53. 5 31.5 30.0 52. (J 57 ti 39. 57 40 10 2,8. 91 -1- 2,5, 71 1 0.93 +0.01 00. 89 7024 7073 21. 5.-0 15. 4J8 43.3 27.0 42. 2 S,-". fit 51 02.41 3. .".7 07 14.08 40 40 3:1. 70 + 07. ,-,7 i- 0. 84 +0. 10 02.73 5271 5:u;) 2:). 100 19. 00 2.-..0 34.0 40.8 38.5 42 43 29. 57 55 00 31.73 + 2 34.45 ■- 8.15 40. 04 58.49 .June 17. 5413 5400 27. 0J8 13.971 31.0 38.7 :i8.7 34.2 53 10 11.00 4 1 00 40.90 - S 28. 17 - 0. 15 -0. 15 10. 48 5543 5024 10. 277 28. 2,vl 45.0 211. 8 27.0 52.0 . . . 09 02 33. 03 23 ;15 2.5. 00 +11 07.90 - 4.09 +0.21 03. 51 509;l 5S2J 25.271 14. 522 15. 5 a;i.5 57. fl 21.7 31 51 4:1.19 05 ,52 13.38 + 39. 38 - .5, 15 +0. 12 02. 0:1 5S5S 5011 24. .501 15. 370 34. 2u. 8 41.3 49. 49 49 3= 04 48 21 51. 47 - 5 :l9. 04 - 9. 15 -0.09 Oil. 27 0114 0157 13. 512 21.019 41.0 40.9 31. 1 31.7 70 58 31.03 20 47 40. 5-1 1 + 52.03 + 4.00 +0. 15 «1, 49 f.208 1)280 l.-.C.-iO 2:1. 600 31.8 51.1 31.0 21.5 1 :t9 20 14.00 38 41 32. 44 1 - 4 5.'). 01 1- 9. 42 -0. 09 07. 27 0421 0470 19.039 21).4JI 31.0 18.0 42,0 . c. 9 'C'.'..'.'. 49 17 21.72 48 41 50. :i:l + 19. :)' + 3. 0:1 0.00 01. 04 S020 60117 10.110 23.478 27. 5 30.0 33. 5 31.5 \ 1 33 41 31.18 ,59 21 4li.r)0 - 4 3:). 70 - 9.;i:i -0.03 02.07 Juno 18. 5271 5:113 21. .101 17.411 32.8 22.0 2-'. 8 :18. 8 42 48 29. hi 55 OB ;).->. 02 + 2 :m. 19 - 3.97 4-0, 04 02.71 5415 94(iU 20. 820 1:). ;)U7 41.4 09. 5 11.8 51.8 58 10 11.29 40 00 47.17 - 8 8408 - ;i.04 -0.13 43 59 03.90 ft r iL .n\ ! 110 UNITED STATES NORTDEKN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. Observations for LatHiidc,— Station Xo. 3 — Contimict]. B. A. C. ^0. Kond nigs. Microni. Lovol. Mtrid. diat. N S. snoa sosu n.C42 Sa471 89. 24.8 32.9 30.0 m a. 10. 381 28.305 31.7 21.0 2'1.9 3,>^.S rifi4i MM 17. 174 Sl.tUU 29.8 20.0 30.1 40.7 ... r>c9:i a,'). 007 14. :)37 24,3 28.5 3.-. 7 32. 5?D3 Mil S4. 095 14.8c8 82.3 29.0 39.3 32.2 Iilt4 U1D7 13.523 24. 578 30.0 19.0 31.7 4J.4 C3iy I.'). 053 23. 287 29.0 20.8 3.J.2 40.7 C318 (J3('i.'i 13.031 27. 387 40.5 11.1 22. 7 52.8 64-:! 1 6470 19.815 20.705 43.6 20.4 21.3 37.7 GKi3 I.?. 022 21.030 30.4 32.2 33.8 32. 1 (Mi COS I 2-i 428 10. 991 39.2 11.5 80.1 50.7 fi7-!H CT4d 17.0911 21. 397 39.0 17.3 20.9 4A3 ::: c-eo 0817 19. SfT 20. 540 33.0 18.4 .32.0 4i7 eu.i7 erto 10. 043 S3.5e0 24.5 40.8 43.0 20.5 7024 17.311 2,1. Oo7 33.8 39.0 3,3.0 28.7 7100 'AM 11.517 20. 437 33.7 40.0 3.3. 9 20.8 4897 4UHJ 14. 840 21.690 30. 2.-^.C 32.4 40.8 SOSO 0097 14.241 21.070 2.-).0 31.8 44.3 37 7 .1371 W13 20.579 10. 4.13 33, 88.7 30.0 49. 5 or.02 5523 9.573 20. 477 35.3 19.2 33.0 49.3 .... 5.-45 51124 8. 079 20. 009 43.5 10. U a.->.5 52.5 .... r,C44 5058 IS.O.W SO. 472 39.8 10.8 29.0 49.1 r)C!)3 5623 23. 419 12.600 25. 7 31.5 13.8 3D. 3 ... 5Pri3 5911 23. 078 13. 938 32.1 24.8 39.2 4J.0 0114 0157 12.434 23.801 50,0 14.0 21. 1 57.0 Declination. 05 29 ,39. 79 42 09 45. 43 09 02 34. 25 28 35 25. 31 42 27 .10. 29 0,- 38 05. 81 31 54 43. 40 j 52 13. 72 49 49 37.19 4S 21 58. 79 70 .19 31.97 20 47 40.65 39 20 14.07 58 43 32.79 .19 27 4& 50 38 14 54.20 49 17 22.05 48 41 50.00 32 18 03.04 05 45 47.70 40 07 no. 27 .17 40 09.51 43 25 12,00 51 40 25.3.' 57 42 40. .10 40 10 29.77 30 27 ,11. 32 01 41 27.20 01 51 03.30 30 01 45.29 42 45 2.1. 09 55 33 15.05 39 21 10.93 09 48 40.25 38 44 31.41 59 84 40. 77 43 49 30. 19 55 00 3.5. 32 55 29 40. 10 42 09 45. 77 09 03 34. 57 Sa 35 25. 57 42 27 50. 09 05 33 UO. 14 31 51 43.74 05 53 14. 0(J 49 49 37. 52 48 81 59, 12 70 58 3.5. 31 29 47 41.13 Currectiona. Uicrom. +10 25. 89 +11 0.1.97 - a 51. S8 + G 39. 07 - 5 42. 09 + 7 01.90 - 4 43. 04 + 8 53. 40 + 33. 07 - 1 51.99 -'■ 3 22.01 - 2 39. 60 + 3,1. f 3 - 4 40. 04 + 3 34.01 - 9 10.21 - 4 21. 72 - 4 32. 31 + a 34. 03 +10 98. 07 +11 08.40 - 2 47.03 + 34. 33 - 5 39. 00 H- 7 02.31 Level. - 4.99 - 4.77 - C.2:i - 4.91 - .1. 95 - 7.00 - 8.40 - 7.41 + 3.10 - 1.02 - 7.47 - .I.O- - 9.27 + S.51 + .3. 20 + 4.25 - 2.49 - 7.81 - 4.69 - a59 - 5.74 - .\74 - 7.84 - 8. 40 - 4.50 Refrac, +0.19 +0.81 -0.05 +0.12 —0.09 +0.15 -0.03 +0. 10 +0.01 -0.04 +0.00 -0. 04 +0.01 -0.09 +9.00 -0.17 -0.08 -0.08 +0.04 +4). 19 +0.81 -0.05 +0. 12 -0.09 0. 15 lied, to merid. Latitude. Ilomarlia. 48 59 03. 11 CI. 20 02.99 G2.S7 ,19. 80 02. 30 01.70 CO. 50 O:. 13 02. 35 03. 99 03.17 01.50 02. 21 02.22 08. 24 04. 3. > 5a69 02. 24 02.01 03. Oil 07. 8!! 53.51 00.17 49 .19 00. 15 Juno 18. June 19. REPORT OF TDE CUIEF ASTROXOMER. m Observations for Latitude— Stallon Ko. 3— Coiitinnccl. B.A,C. No. Koadlnga. DecUnntion. Corrections. Latltado. Komarka. Level. Merirt. diet. Mlcrom. Level. n - 9.52 - 8.71 - a7i -11. e4 Hefrac. Keil. to IIKTUl. K. S. 6SC8 6316 6305 6421 6176 Cite 14.6fi.1 82.313 n. Ki 24.200 1!>.270 20. 003 17.208 20. 05-.' 25.0 31.4 30.0 21.5 33.7 24.0 26.0 27.0 46. :, 40.0 S.-i. 50.0 3?.0 47. H 4r>. n V,. 3 tn.«. O / // .30 SO 1.'). 2!) 58 43 33. 15 .'>n 27 40. !« 38 14 54. ,'i3 40 17 23. 40 48 41 57.01 32 IH 03.35 05 45 ii. 12 - 4 44.24 + 8 49. 53 + 29.24 - 1 4.'i.07 -0.08 +0. in +0.01 -0. 01 / // 48 69 00. 38 61.73 00.25 48 .'.0 58. 19 Judo 19. Mean iHtitndc (74 detcmilu«tlon»), 49t> 00' 02".50. t - ± 3".104 To— ± 0".243 !' i i II 187a. (JNITEI) STATES XOllTIJERN BODNDAItY. Observations for Latitude. [AHtronomical station No. 4. went sido of Prmbiim MDuntniii, 47 mllrii west of Pomhinn.—OIwprver, Low's BoflB.— Zenith TeluHc^pe, Wilrdeniaiin Ho. iiO.— Lliiuuuniotor, ije^iiH Sidercut No. 1013.] KondiDgs. U. A.C. No. 5«t S313 5415 54«0 550-J 554.") SHU 5(193 68153 5911 fi047 ti073 fill4 0157 C2f.8 C289 84S1 6476 6333 can mil 67S8 6748 6780 6617 4937 4974 5097 5371 5313 5415 5460 5502 55M 5545 5634 Microni aO. 683 16. 170 SO. 781 10. 031 P. 951 28. 538 8.756 27.719 85. 658 13. 339 24. .^91 13. 059 27.418 10.901 II. .'04 24. S4tl li 207 23. 118 18.816 19. 160 16. lOO 20.213 91.130 15.2e6 16. 333 23.091 19. 047 19.585 27. 704 a. 916 LI. 0i8 24. .333 21.!5ri3 17.118 87. 081 10. 347 0.213 28. 834 8.800 29.707 LoTol. 37.0 33.8 87.9 86.7 20.5 28.3 27.0 23.0 86.8 25.6 30.0 10. 28.0 21.3 20.8 21.7 26. B 89.1 28.2 23.4 27.1 25.8 84.0 28.8 93.4 29.3 29.0 83.3 28.0 24.8 27.0 31.0 30.0 88.0 31.2 27.3 33.6 26.0 28. 2 31.9 26.4 27.3 27.7 2C. 3 36.8 31.3 39. 2 3X8 2:1. 5 33.0 37.3 34.3 89.0 33.5 28.2 25.6 26.7 39 3 38.0 30.0 31.4 27.4 33.3 20.7 27.0 33.3 27.8 33.1 30.5 27.3 29.3 31.1 89.2 3-3.2 39.3 33.3 38.2 35.8 Merid diBt. Declinntion 43 48 31. 47 55 OG 36. 64 68 10 13. SO 40 00 49. 00 :•:, 29 41.77 43 09 40. 13 69 02 36. S8 38 33 30. 99 31 54 45. 30 03 53 l.>. U'l 49 49 il. 17 48 23 01.01 73 13 34.74 26 04 M. .'lO 76 59 37.41 80 47 43.53 39 20 17. 23 58 43 35.38 49 17 24. 50 48 41 .% 12 33 17 65.82 65 43 SO. 33 40 07 33. 01 57 40 11.10 43 25 15. 07 54 40 27. 83 57 43 43. O.'i 49 10 33. 13 50 01 0(1. 84 48 09 04. 85 38 41 33 91 59 34 48.89 42 48 31. 70 55 00 37. U3 58 16 i;i41 40 00 49. 39 .55 29 43. 00 43 09 46. 33 69 02 3(i. .53 28 35 27. 17 Corroctions. Lc'vil. + 2 20. ('3 - 8 39.71 -110 08.36 -t-10 50. 43 + 01:3.33 - 5 .'.7.81 - 8 30. (;3 + 44. 73 - 5 0,5. ' + 10. 67 - 2 04.79 + 3 01.01 - 2 58. 66 + 1(1.(19 - 9 09. 99 - 4 48. 77 + 8 17. 59 - 8 39.21 + 10 08,48 +10 .50. 5J -3. 30 +0. 04 +0. 18 -1.45 -0.80 -1.93 -3. 26 * 0. 43 -0. 5 ) -1.14 -1.47 -1.83 -2. 03 -1.61 +0.07 -0. 53 -0,03 -0,89 -1,07 +0.04 -0.15 +0.18 +0.31 -\ a. 13 -0. 10 -0.10 +0.14 -0.09 0.00 -0 04 +11. 05 -0.03 0.00 -0.10 -0.08 +0.04 -0. 15 4 0.18 0,81 l!e,l. to I meiid. i"^ Latitude. 48 59 SI. 02 51.88 ,52,07 .50.82 .53. 17 51.30 SI. 10 SI. 56 50.94 51.95 51. eo 51.43 50.90 ,58, 95 51,09 51.83 51. 46 51. 31 ,51.04 48 ,59 SI, 34 Bemark)*. .IiiDi' ii. 119 REPORT OF TOE (^niEF ARTHOXOMER. 113 Obserrnt ions for L'.itituilc. — Station Xo. 4 — Coiitiiiu<>il. B. A. U No. Iloadln);ii. Dcclinutluii ('iicnctioim. I.ntlliiilo. UciiinrkH. MIcroni. I^vel. Merit! diat. Miciom. I.1V.I, 4 0. 44 U'lfl lie. // -0.05 Kill. Ill lut-tlil. N. R. 15. 430 Ul. 04(1 20.7 33. 7 32. C 88.8 nt. «. / " 43 87 .58. 47 ,53 38 08. 47 - 3 13.99 / /' 48 .59 ,5(1. 87 Juno 20. Dtffil S5. :;oo 1X030 '37.8 30.2 35. 87.3 31 54 45. 4(1 03 ,52 10.25 + 80. 83 H 0.38 1 0. 13 ,52. 19 51I11 •a. 4.-18 13.000 33.1 38.1 31.3 3.-1. 49 40 41.43 48 88 01.87 - ,5 58.43 -1.40 -0.10 51. ,13 (1047 Goi;i S7.C74 11.1(10 2(1. 24.1 8(1.4 28. 8 73 13 35. 03 20 04 14.78 - 8 38. 30 -i.r.o -0. 10 ri.ifl mi4 0157 la. 0(15 as. Oil 2.5. 85.0 27.0 87.0 70 .58 3V. (10 20 47 43. 73 t « 43. 54 -1.03 tO. 14 ,52. 85 0208 0-JbU 14.331 84.150 22.0 aii. 4 30.8 23. 8 30 20 17. .50 58 43 35. .58 - 5 04. 04 -0.:!8 -0. r,o 51. 13 o:i().) 13.373 38.711 2.-1. 4 23.0 27.4 20. 1 50 87 40. 38 38 14 ,5(1. 80 + 8 .■;o. 03 -1.(17 •10. 13 31.00 04:o 18. i.'ia 18. 401 27.0 aa. 5 20.5 30. 9 49 17 24.70 48 41 ,50.40 + 10. .58 - 1.76 0.00 .50. a5 o-.fiii 1(1. 714 SO. 743 24.0 2.5.3 20. 28.0 32 18 O.-i. 40 05 45 50. m - a 0.5. 01 -1.73 -0.04 31.31 (ifi4 tlUfl 28. (i(15 10. 830 27.7 21. 1 25. 4 33. 2 40 07 33. 00 ,57 40 11.43 + 3 01.30 -1.90 ■\ 0. 03 01. .59 f.7-J8 B74S 16.173 81.940 21.0 2!). 32.8 34.7 43 25 1.5. 117 .54 40 28. 17 - 2 .58. 07 -1.07 -0.04 51.09 r.7H0 Cfl7 18.3.55 18.653 27. 1 2(1.7 31.3 57 43 43. 37 40 IC 32. 43 + 1.5. 43 -1.87 0.00 51.48 dO.-l- (i!170 13. 007 33. 303 87.0 34. 27.8 31.1 30 27 54. 83 Ul 41 "0. 09 - 4 4J.71 -1.7(1 -0.08 .'1.91 7054 7073 14. 8,53 at. 53;i 31.4 10. 23.3 3.5. 4 01 51 0(1. 10 3(1.01 V,.'b + 3 80. 8(1 -■1.7a + 0.0(1 ,52. 13 7100 7l(j(i 10. i;04 38. 434 25. 4 2.5. 8 20.3 ao. 42 45 i.0.41 55 33 17. to - 28. 73 -1 78 -0.10 ,51. 44 7-2ir, 7277 14 0.-.7 35. 000 30. 1 20.8 85. 4 35. 5 .57 07 18,03 40 40 311. (13 + 5 58. 03 -2.23 +0.10 .53. 22 Ki'lcctcil 7n-M 7-yr. a:!!),-) 21. 313 15. 773 20.0 21. 3 2(1. 2 3.5. 38 00 1.5.01 ,50 44 51.93 + a 51., :l -3. 23 + 0.03 .53.111 lil'.joctl'fl. 7377 7398 10. 130 10.3-,0 21. 5 37.2 31.0 20. 4 .50 87 41. 79 38 51 38. !;9 - 9 40. 43 -2.14 -0. 17 51.00 741(1 74.-13 24.070 14.473 34. 5 87.8 32. 4 20. a 03 03 40. .55 30 07 Oa. 90 - 4 58. 08 -3.07 -0. 00 51., 58 74l'0 74fil 17. 000 10. 3.53 31.8 20. 3 2,-i. 3(1. 4 45 58 43. 39 .58 03 30. 37 - 1 10.21 -2. 07 -0.03 ,52. ,53 7.10.-1 7(105 17. 300 3(i. 7 24. 29.8 33.0 37 .57 47. 80 00 00 00. 90 - 8 00. 04 — 2. 27 -0. 03 31.51 1 7027 7(i8li ai.cio l.\ri)li •X. 4 8.1. 3 30. 8 31.3 25 19 37. 34 73 34 17. 95 + a 37. 20 -2. Ill ■i 0, CO 53. 75 77."iri 77(15 1(1. 174 33. 047 32.0 20.8 8.-1. 3 36.9 ,58 47 0.5. 76 ,19. 01 38. 99 + 3 51.87 -2.23 +0. 17 ,53. C8 4037 4074 28. 101 10. 200 30.0 39.8 2.5.7 19.0 .50 08 (10.93 48 00 04. 90 - 9 17.04 H ,5.00 -0.10 ,50. .53 Juno 2'. iOO C'1.7 18. 037 28. 265 31.0 89.2 87.2 38.0 ,18 44 33.01 .50 84 48. 43 - 4 40.73 +0.22 -0.08 48 ,59 51. 14 jj n- 114 UNITKD STATES NOllTriliUN BOUNDAKY COMMISSION. Ohscrvathm for Latitude, — Station No, 4 — Continued. n. A. c. No. .Mi:) 9415 MIX) .'i.tOS ,\-r.:i .'iUU noadinKH. W4- AIM I 01, -.7 I liiliH (Well .W7I .■i;ii;i ! .'■415 I ;.4iio !Ui'J4 .■ir.44 .iiisn Miorom. SI. 098 17. an 87. 7ca II.UIO n.4oi an. 009 8.1. rri8 la. m so. MS 18. 071 8.'i. 001 14.417 84. 8.11 80.004 10 UUO 87.413 III. 04l^ i>. I.'i2 8?. 718 ■ 0. ICC i 311. o;o I.«Tel. N. I 8. I.'>. cso 88.118 r>0. *'7.'i ; i;i. o.\'i 5011 0114 I 0157 080i< i 08)-9 ! 6481 0470 (1047 I 007:i { 0114 0157 0C6;l 08M( 0;)18 0303 0481 0470 6.-..'i3 0J8J 0084 Oi>M Ii7f0 Orl7 97.0 88.3 8!)..'. 87.0 ;is.i 81.5 31.0 84.3 34.0 38.0 80.0 ao. 5 8.'.. 5 38. 1 30. 5 87.8 80. 87.8 87.0 32.3 S.'i.7 34.0 88.8 3l>. 8 a.'>.371 13. 740 (I. til 88. 385 14.818 84. 099 19. 707 19. \)M 87. 477 10. l!40 18.883 85. 088 13. 303 83. 807 ll.OilO 87. 988 18.489 18. Vil 10. 453 80. 551 28. 180 Hi. 433 18. 0:l9 19.040 30.0 89. 33. .'i 88.1 89.0 31.1 31.3 87.3 a.'i. 4 31). 4 87.9 I 89.7 88.3 88.4 80. 3 8!l. 5 2.>. 5 88.7 98.7 97.1 85.0 88.3 88.3 34.0 80. 8 33. S 83.4 35.4 88. 3 30.4 31. 3 87.4 30.9 84.8 80.3 89. 88.0 30. 8 31.3 80. 3 38. S'. 1 80.9 3!). 8 89. 8 30.8 80.4 30. 5 Meriil. dlit. 39.5 87. 9 87. 8 ::o.7 80.3 81.7 84.3 88. 3 31.3 83. 3 30.3 83. 9 87.0 81.0 27,3 i. 84.7 .. 37.8 80. 4 ' 8.5.0 ' 87.0 30. 5 84.3 94. ' 89. 8 Correctlona. Decllnntion. 48 48 31.93 55 00 37. 84 58 10 13. C3 40 CO 49. 47 55 99 43. 83 48 09 40. 54 49 49 41.00 48 m 01. .58 78 18 3.'.. 39 80 04 14.98 70 58 37. M 80 47 48.91 39 8fl 17. 70 .'8 45 3.'). 88 48 48 38. 48 55 00 37. i;0 .-,8 10 14.05 41) 00 49. no .55 89 48. 08 48 09 40. 97 19 08 37.89 ■M 35 87. 78 48 97 .'9. 1 1 55 37 r.;i. iO 31 .54 40.05 05 53 17. 04 49 49 48. 18 48 88 08. 04 70 :S 38.51 80 47 43. 89 39 80 18.87 ,58 43 30. 47 49 17 8.5.60 48 41 00.80 78 18 3li. 10 m 04 15. li^l 70 58 38. 81 80 47 4 ). 49 39 90 1 8. .55 58 43 30. 78 .59 37 .50. ,58 58 14 67. (-0 49 17 a.". 90 48 41 CO, ,50 39 18 08.49 05 45 51. iO 40 07 34. 00 .57 40 18.04 ,57 48 44. CO 40 10 33. .54 Micriiiu. I Lvvi'l, ) 3 10. 77 -0. 11 - 8 39. 77 , 4 0. 58 -0.,53 -0.91 (10 08. 39 - 00. 01 - 8 33.03 I -0.09 + 41.19 I -0.C9 - 5 0,5,13 I -0.89 I 8 10.15 ! +0.48 - 8 40.18 ' -10.53 -1 10 CC. SO + 10 47.98 - 3 1,1. 18 (- 19.10 - 00. 88 1^ 40. 19 - 5 00. 58 -f 07. 73 - 8 30. no + 38. 98 - 5 07. 30 + 8 2.5. 50 ( 07.20 -0.18 + 0.40 +0, 80 -0.08 -0.99 +0.83 +0.00 Kcfiuc. + 0.04 -0.15 + 0.18 -0.10 -0,10 +0.14 -0.09 + 0. 03 -0. 15 + 0. 18 +o.ai -0.00 + 0.11 -0.10 + 0, 14 -0,09 lioil. I<> I morld. I Latitude. Remftrks. I 48 59 51. 9(f 59.91 I + 0.91 I + 0.03 Juno 97. + 0.14 0.00 I + 1.74 -0.16 ' f9.45 +8.01 + 1. 40 + 0.89 I - 8 08.11 +0.49 ! I- 9 58.31 ' +0,30 + II 18. 44 I .) 0. 83 +0. 14 -0.09 + 0.15 0,00 -0.04 I (0.03 j 0.00 98. 43 50.58 90.73 51. 90 51. 35 51.64 I .Iull0 89. 59. 19 51. 73 51.00 51. 73 50.60 50.91 58. 06 51. 30 50.83 51.87 .TlluoSO. 58. 79 .58. 29 91.97 .50. 81 51. ,54 ,58.03 48 .59 51. 73 «EPO]!T OF TlIK CIIIHF ASTRONOMKIJ. Ohncrvatiom for Latitude. — Station No. 4 — CoiitiniU'd. 115 n. A.c. Itcadlnffa, DecUnatlou. ClilTCOtlOUH. Latllnilc. lit iiitirkn. Mici'oiii. Level. Mirld tllst. m.f. Ktlcrom. Lcvil. Uufrnc. II -0.0^ Ili'd. tci luerUI. N. 8. 6937 6070 14. 052 24. 070 «4.8 31.2 30.7 s:i.7 O 1 II 30 87 55. no 01 41 31.31 ( II - 4 52. 40 1 0. 2-3 " O 1 (* 48 ,50 51. 35 Juliu 30. 7094 707;) 15. ni'4 iS.514 30.4 25. 1 24. 30. 1 01 51 07. X\ 3li 01 4S. e3 + 3 88. 01 + 0.18 + 0.00 .50. 03 7100 71(J0 11.775 3.1. aoa 27.0 20.0 2-. 2 2ci. 2 42 45 27. 5:l .55 33 U. 07 1 - 31.74 +0.30 -0.10 51.71 73I.-I 7OT 13.311 24. 700 87 7 21-. 3 27.3 27.2 .57 07 10.92 40 40 37. 00 + 5 58. 35 + 0. 33 fO. 10 51.23 73a) 7-Yi-. SIlCi al.40!< 10. 100 2^.2 2". 27.4 27.3 38 00 10.07 50 44 53. Od ) 3 40.37 +0.33 +0.03 51.31 7377 731lti 2)>. 544 I). 5:10 27.4 2^.4 2^0 27. 3 50 27 42. 04 ■i* 51 40.04 - 40. 77 + 0.11 -0.17 51.00 74 in 7453 24. POO 15. l:w 20. 3 87. 20. 4 2^ U 02 02 41.73 30 07 04.01 - 5 01. 05 +0.30 -0.00 51. ;i:) 7480 74t(0 1H.400 20.761 20.!- 20. 20.0 20. 2 45 .5H 44. 45 52 03 27. 37 - 1 13. CO +0.27 -0. 02 .52. 47 7r)(ri 7tiU3 10.000 20. 004 211.1 2.-.1 90. e 27.0 37 ,57 48. 84 00 00 01. 07 - 9 04. 83 +0. 50 -0. 03 51.70 7027 7C^« 21.201 1.5.044 27 8 2-'. 1 a^.o 87.3 85 10 38. 20 72 34 18. 00 f S 59.48 ' +0.14 +0.00 51.93 7753 7705 15. 145 32. 4t^C 87.0 20.3 87.8 20.2 :■,'< 47 0 li'i. 851 30.1 27. .l 30. 5 33.3 13. 7.-n 23. 4f 30. n 31.0 31.0 ;:o. r. 01IR 0:ij. 10 07 30, 95 7 45 75, 67 3 25 Ift,,'* 1 40 33, C4 7 42 47, 88 10 30, M 1 51 10,03 01 51, 74 3 45 32. .59 5 33 9;.?i 7 07 59. 37 40 40. 04 8 Oft I ft. 00 ft 44 M. Ji ft 27 45 84 a 51 43. no 2 02 41.87 07 00. 83 5 TiS 47. 44 2 03 30.41 7 .57 .■il.70 00 0.".42 Correct lond. Ulcrom. - 8 30. 73 -(-10 10.08 - 5 5.5. .58 - 8 28. 70 -f a 40. 05 - 5 01. 71 -(- 8 31. 77 + 12. 16 - 8 03. 40 •f 3 02. 13 - a 57.68 f 17. 53 f- 3 88.41 - 27. 37 -1- 5 .^7. 10 ■\- 3 51. 03 - 9 4ft. 36 - 4 57. CO - 1 10.40 - 8 01. 01 LoTol, I I.KI -t 0. 71 -O.ftl -0. no -1.38 0.00 -0.00 -0.08 -0.40 -t-0.95 -0.43 -1.07 -1.27 -0.00 -0.14 -n.03 -f0.04 -1-0.33 ■to. 03 -f0.40 Hofrno. -0.15 -fO. 18 -0.10 -0.10 -fO. 14 -0.09 +0. 15 -fO.OO -0.04 +0.05 -0. 05 -fO.OO -1-0. 00 -0.17 -fO. 10 40.05 -0.18 -0.09 -0.08 -0.03 Rpil. to iDcrld, Lntltudo. 48 59 58.91 .58.71 .58. 39 58. 48 59. 00 58.78 .58. 48 .57. 48 ,58. 3:1 58. 84 .57, 97 58, on 5i 38 .59, 22 58,71 58,08 .57, no ,59, 09 .'a 52 48 .59 .57. 89 KomarkH, July ft. -^■iO, UKl'OUT or TIJE ClUHF A8T1JONOMKU. 117 ObHCrvalioHH for Latitude. — Station A'o. 5 — Uoiitiiiued. II. A. c. Nil. 70S7 TrflO 5311 Ui:i nii.-i MOU ,ViOJ 004:1 5.'i4.'i 0li;l4 !>ri44 MM 5U11 sroj .Vi45 &<)34 .VI44 .'iiin.1 5l>5J 51111 CI14 C157 Cllrl OJli,'! n4'>l «5.'i.l 54 1. 'i 54UU 550.! &5':i.'i 23. 0.-|8 Li'vol. N. 8. 31.5 30.7 31.1 *J.5 111. 4.'.n 33. 5 •Jl. 4'JH . 31. 1 19. .WJ CO. 51M) mi. mi5 lli. 3VU 34. .-. 30.7 S7.!l 'JO. « 87.0,-i7 I 2(1.0 u.uiiu s.'4.a (1, (ill I ai, 811. 3tj4 : SU.Ii H.431 [ a.-i.fl 'JC. 3 84.0 87.0 8.1. ail. a 85.0 30.8 88.8 811. 40U 10.030 88. Ofi 85. 141 13. 7(18 0. 3.V" 8U. 0118 a 3.^8 811. 434 10. 517 88. 5117 86. 7 I 84. ,571 i aC.O ij. mu 8ti. s.'>. 50-1 ' a-i. I 14.083 , 27.0 SO. 4110 if. 4 10. 035 an. 18. .-(H 1 an.o 85. 5118 ; 27. 3 13.057 ' 2.1.8 83. 44U I 80. 8 11.014 87.0 87.411 1 31. t ln.7.-|0 ' 27.5 ail. 181 j 811.0 10, 3i'0 I 2:1. n aO. 403 27. 7 27. 003 10. D,-iH 9. .500 20. 843 ay 271 aii.o 31.8 85. 8«.5 87.7 18. f37 ■ i-i. I 27.2!W I 27.0 10. HI7 j 811.0 39. B 37.1 3.17 3iJ.S 34.3 37.0 .3.1.8 3;. 7 20.0 8S.0 8.5,7 80.0 87.1 88.0 80.8 8H.5 80.9 80.4 28.0 88.11 84.3 33.3 37.8 88.0 87.3 87.7 88.4 81). 1 3-1.0 88.0 20.0 88.8 80.1 80.1 88.5 84.0 27.4 27.3 811. a 3.5.1 31.0 37.8 ^4 20.3 33.0 80,2 37.7 Mi 10 411. HI 78 34 81.88 .58 47 mi. nil 30 05 O'.'. 71 53 01 n.-.. 7rt 45 5:1 44. 81 4-1 40 51. 28 4!) 84 ^1.57 4i 4^ 31.41 ,55 UO 311. 5 j Bj- 10 ln.4!l 40 (0 52. 11 ,Vi all l.-i. 27 48 Oil 411. 4,-i Oil 02 311, no 88 35 3(1,111 48 8H 01,711 55 38 11,11.1 40 411 4.5.83 48 88 0.5. 15 ,5,5 211 44,41 48 09 411. 0(1 00 01 40, 00 88 35 30.14 48 88 01.110 55 38 18.83 31 54 4-. 03 (;5 ,'.8 20, 37 CurrcctliiDii, MIl'Tuiii, !.ijv«I, I + 8 58.47 I -1.05 + 3 .53. tn .47 4'l 411 4.-I. 44 48 88 05. 30 78 18 3!1. 51 80 04 18.11 70 51' 48. 85 80 47 4.5. 83 30 80 21.711 .5.1 43 4il. 41 fill 87 54. 23 3d 15 01. 14 ^ 8 34.87 - 7 10.411 + 3 88. 1-8 - 8 34.00 -(10 13.48 + 10 .53.41 - 3 07. 84 - 5 04.74 + 10 18.87 + 10 S3. 113 - 3 08. 05 + 6 83.97 - 5 00. 35 ' -0, 40 i - 8 30.50 i +0.011 -1.17 -1.03 -0. s:i -0.87 -0. 811 -0.118 -1,11 .- 0, !I4 -0.08 -0. 411 + 0.4i 411 17 211. 48 48 48 01.81 38 18 Oil. 08 I 115 45 5.5. 78 I .58 to 10. 81 40 00 58. 40 .55 811 45. 0(1 48 00 40. 70 31 54 48. 70 05 53 80. .50 78 18 40.01 8(i 04 18. 48 + K 44. 80 - 5 03. 88 + 8 80. 60 + 11. .53 - 3 04. 01 - 8 38.31 1 +3.47 +10 10.71 ! +0.51 + 9,5.80 -3.10 - 8 30.40 ! -0.20 + 0.2; -1-1. 31 + 1.40 +0.11 -10.07 Itcfriii'. +0.C0 -i 0. 07 I (I. I — 0. 13 I 0. 04 -II. 15 I 0. 18 I 0. 21 -0.05 -0.10 Hi. 18 10.21 -0.05 |0. 11 -0. 10 -11. 10 + 0. 15 —0. 08 +0. 15 0.00 -0. 04 -0. 15 +0.18 i-0. 11 -0. 10 IIimI. to tiii^riil. Latltiiilo, 48 ,51) 58. 70 .57. 83 .57. 83 :e. Oil .58, sil W. 31: ,50, 75 ,57, 00 57, Oil 50, 81 O,-, 51 5,1, 80 07, 111 58, €0 51. ,55 5s, H 58, 75 58,51 5H, 25 .58.01 00. 05 5f.:o 48 .50 5.1, 48 I!('lli:irl.H. July U. July 10. July 11. July 18. July 13. I" 118 UNITED STATES NOETHBUN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. Observations /...• Latitude. — Station Xo. C — Continued. B. A. c. No. Headinga. Mic-rom. 0114 «I.')T 0J8!I (i3t8 6.165 C470 o.v.;i GJ86 6ti-.M 66«1 67-,>8 6748 fi7?n 6^17 6037 6i»70 7034 707a 7100 7166 731. 'i 7J77 7:l'.'0 7-Yr. a3i)5 7a77 7:«lrt 19. 43ft •a. 461 4.171 23. 9.V.I 11.40.-. 27. BUI in.,'.'ii 10. fca 16.23,-) •JO. Ma *!. .Wl 16. 740 l.'i. 530 ui.aos 10. 037 11.747 24. 008 15. 478 22. 120 10. 387 28. 70S 13.P47 25. 320 21. 601 16. 220 28. "10 0. .13 r.i'vol. N. 27. 1 20. 3 21'. 27. 31. 1 I 2.->. 6 27. 5 I 20. 3 20.3 20. 6 20.3 I 30.0 30. i 20. 8 30. 8 20. 1 30. 2 i ;«1. 1 31.2 30.0 27.0 31. 4 31.8 33.0 20.0 30.7 32. 2 30.5 31.5 3i' 32. 5 3:t.l 31.4 33.0 34.0 27. 31.0 30. U 37.0 20.7 31.0 33.0 32.1 32. 31 H 31.3 33. 32. 12. .578 34. 6 26.717 32.0 17.611 34.0 10.70,'i 31.0 1 1. 000 32. 4 ll.lmu tl7.0 Merid. ilixt. 23. 340 2!>. 5 3.'). 2 13.700 37.4 27.7 32.5 31.3 31.1 33. 4 32.1 ;■->. 6 31.7 36.7 DcclinatloD. 76 5S 42. 70 •Jl 47 W.-'.l 30 26 22. 27 58 43 40. 07 50 27 54. 70 38 15 01. 64 40 i7 ::0 0i 48 42 01.76 32 18 10. Ill 65 15 50. 40 40 OT 3J. 05 57 46 17.21 43 25 20.71 54 40 33. 88 57 42 40. 15 40 16 37.67 36 27 50. 05 61 41 3.-I.02 61 51 ll.M 36 01 ji. t7 42 45 33. 72 5.1 33 2.1. 51 57 07 2:1. 72 40 40 42. 14 3,a no 20. 17 50 44 .57. 57 ,50 27 47. 14 I 38 51 44. 13 ^iicrotll. Level. I- 44.0; +0.10 - 5 03. 70 '' -fO. 83 j + 8 20. 29 ' +0. 89 + 10.30 . -0.S7 - 2 04.82 I -0. 11 + 3 00. 05 +0. 40 - 2 59. 28 +0. 29 + 15.27 ' +0.09 - 4 50. 14 ' -to. t5 +- 3 26.08 -0.82 : +0.00 9 28.45 [ -0.29 -0.17 +0. 10 j +0.05 liefrac. Iteil. to I merid. Latitude. Remarks. // I // I O » /' +0.14 ■. 49 59 58.00 -0.09 +0.15 0.00 -0.04 + 0.05 +0.05 0.00 -0.09 + 5 .55.98 j -0.11 I + 2 40. 38 9 40.61 25 19 41.81 72 34 23. 08 + 2 5: .'8 47 10.06 30 05 0.1. 87+3 5; .52 01 07.00 43 .'kl 4."i. 40 + 8 32. .50 48 40 .-.2. 4 I 1 40 24 4- .<1 - 7 18. 70 M 25 16.26 + 8 5,5. ,54 40 21 36. .59 48 36 08. 42 4 1 05. 06 .56 27 51. 36 i 41 22 .51,06 ' 1- 4 3.'. 26 :.2 21. 07 + 6 22. 60 +0.,50 -0.14 ;o.89 -0. 1-' +0.06 .15 -1-0. 07 -^-o. 27 i '.01 CO —0. 13 36 H 0. 16 20 +0.02 41 +0.08 76 +0.11 5&C6 58.54 57.44 58.31 59.03 sass sar? 58. SS 58.38 59.70 58.90 58. 8A 58.70 58,58 July 13. 53.70 j 48 .'i9 58. 58 i .July 14. B. A. C. Ku. 00-.: niM 0157 tarn ma (iiit'i 07SH 07le iv.no 7100 71(iU 7Si:> 7877 7377 rMS 7-1-0 74c'9 7r,o.-i 7(i05 KEPOHT OF THE CUIEF ASTKONOMEU. Observations for La itutk. — Station No. 5— Coiitiniioil. 119 U^atlings. Alicroni. Level. Mori.l. dial. X. S. an. Tiss 10. 077 a7.o 27.0 27.0 27.0 m, «. li oia •jj. o:i3 ao. a •J9. 27.7 21.7 10 y.t. 7:ii ij;l. o57 27 1 213 2(i. 25.7 as. 5(jf IG. 7JII 22. 1 ai.o 2;. 1 a;!. 7 SI. 910 22. 9 21. li 22. 21.2 Ul.bl3 32. .'i 20. .-, 22. 1 24.1 M. aio S). r.73 S3. 8 17. r. 21.1 87.0 11.1111 29. .VJl 21.9 S.3. 4 21.0 19.3 13. ei3 33, 2i7 23. 3 2.-). 3 20. .■> 10. ooa 24.2 a,-). 20 1 25.2 18.0(l.-> 'J0.371 2^.5 22. 2a! b 17. 39a ai.iieii 27.0 23.5 24.2 2S.8 Docliimlioii. Oorrectious. Micrniu. Level. 72 12 40. 28 211 04 le. OS 70 r.3 43. 0^ 20 47 40. 47 39 a; 22. .'i3 M 4.1 41. a? 40 07 3^. ra ; 57 40 17. fcli 8 31. 30 44.01 ■ 5 03. 39 3 01.14 43 2."i 21.32 54 40 31. .■)3 j - 3 OX 93 .'i7 43 49. 1-0 ' 40 10 3s. 20 i -1- 13.20 30 23 00. 51 i 01 41 30.59 42 45 34. 34 4 4^96 53 33 24. 17 I - 9 30. 07 . 53.84 9 47.01 1 11.55 .■)7 07 24. .'.4 ! 40 40 4.'. 74 I .W 27 47. 80 ' ■M 51 44. 71 43 ,'ifi 49. 29 I .32 03 32. 311 ' J!wl. to! lueriil. t Liilitiiili'. 0.00 -0. If) HO. 01 +0.02 1 (0.14 i +0.C0 I -O.IO I r 37 37 53. 43 (10 00 07. 33 ' - 2 00. 82 I -0. CO j -10.03 +0.74 ; -0.03 i -0.71 i 0.00 -I. .30 —0.09 +1.11 -0.17 + 1.UU .10 -0.47 , -0.18 I -0.2a -0.03 ' 1 -0.,")C -0.03 ! I ,1 ,'.9. ■'.« 59. 02 38. b:! 37. 07 .38. 52 ■37.91 .30. 22 3^'. 84 .38. .30 59. 00 49 59 58. 97 Kopi.Tlka. July 14 Julv 13 Mi»n IutitU(l.-> (e2 ili'lvriuiuiuloMs), 480 59" 58.54". t = ± 0". 49773 To= ± 0".037 - i] mm «i • t^l t ij. I»^ 1873. ' UNITED STATES NOBTHEIiN BODNDAEY. Obscrmtions for Latitude. [AstrODomiciil Station No. 6.— West Hide of Turtii' ^louiitain, IflO inilra west oi' Pi'iniiina.— Observer, W. J. Twiiiin;*, Captiuu Uniteil Stillei) Eii^iini'iTH,— Zoliitli Trlest-oiio, Wiirili'liiaiiti No. SO. — CliruiioiUL'ter, Nt>;;ii8 Siilenul No. IM:!.] B. A.C. No. liCadingH. Microni. 6047 007:i lil!4 U157 (12(if tiSe» (14^1 C47(i li.'i.'i:! I U(>94 I (iliSl I sn. ofl'3 !l. 271) raoij S4. T!I7 I. van.-) 78S0 Level. 2-'. 4f :i 22. 54U Hi. (121 •ia.:rM S(i.n 25. 2.-.. S 23. ;i 2-'. (i KI.G CC. 5 25. 1 27.2 25. 7 24. o:i5 Ih. 479 I an. H ■ 25. 5 «72fl (174S ( !.'». 551 2l.(i02 I 071*0 : litil" 7024 ! 7073 j 7100 71U0 7215 7277 7:t20 7-'rr.ffiW5 7:177 7aiiH 74IU 745;l 74l'0 71KI 7.-.05 7('i05 7fi27 7(:c(i 77lJ7 7^00 20.09:1 SO. 9 -.5 l.'i. 0(15 22. 349 11.370 29. 954 15.001 20. HM 2;l. 725 lb. 552 30. 4R-> li.t:84 2(i. 044 Hi. 117 21. 544 24. 1 IS 10.014 21. 127 22. > 45 17.401 I.^fl5^ 8 I. 135 17. ''41 22.501 13.710 38. 153 24. 5 27.3 20.1 20. 5 S.". S7. 2 20. 5 20.5 27. 2 2(>. 1 27.0 27.1 27.5 '.0. 2'. 20. 27. 28. I> S-'.7 25. Sli. I Si. 1 20. f* 21.0 2H. 7 SO. I 2.-1. S 27.3 2.5. 30.0 27. 5 SJi.O 87.7 20. 30.1 27.3 Morld. (list. 8i=.n 89. 1 2H. 5 2.S. 5 2r'.4 30. 2t'. 30.0 87. 4 31. oj_ 2 ao!7 87.4 33. 1 8 >. 4 31.3 rtjj 2 3t!4 m Doclinutiou. Corrections. Micrum. Level. 72 18 80 04 70 .5H 80 47 39 SO 5ti 43 49 17 4« 42 38 IH 05 40 40 07 57 4(i 43 85 54 40 57 42 40 10 fit 51 30 01 48 45 55 33 57 07 40 40 n.- no .'i9 45 43. M 21.51 40. 73 49.07 20.09 45.32 34. .52 09. 19 14.03 01.89 48. 37 88. 03 8.5. 30 3(1.84 .54. 19 42.80 17.83 57. 30 3P. Xi 8S 73 'i-*. 0; 40.05 I 84. H4 08. 67 ,59 87 3S 51 5.'. 70 4H. f5 ca 02 : 30 07 1 45 :>s .58 03 53. (i5 30. i -fao7 - 1. 09 -0.89 Uerrac. -0.17 -1-0.14 -0.09 0.00 -0.04 -f 0. 05 -0. ('5 0.00 -fO.OO -0.17 -fO. 10 +0.01 -0.18 -0.09 -1-0. 18 -0. 08 I -(1.91 : -0.03 -O.CO -(-0.00 -1.40 , -fO.OO -I.OD : -f0.04 I -1.07 I -0.13 Keil. to merid. Latitude. O I 'I 48 59 33. 43 54. 13 33. 09 52. 74 I 33. 13 1 I 53.00 33.07 ! 31. 10 J 54.07 51.74 51.30 33.08 33. 00 r>;).05 51.78 53. 47 53. 55 .53 73 54.51 48 39 54. 01 Keninrks. July 8d. KEPOllT OF TUE CHIEF ASTKONOMER. Observations for Ludtttdv. — Slation A'o. (J — (.'oiitiiiui'd. 121 B. A. 0. No. Uoatl "IBS- Dcoliuatioii. CorrrctioDB. Lilt it mil-. Ucm.irkH. Microui. Livi'l. Moriil. diat. Microu-. Level. Ui'frac. K.d. to N. .S. 7n03 ■ t03J 80. 905 12. 9-Jl 28.0 Sri.O 89.7 30,0 1 H. H. o ' 11 41 10 53.34 .50 25 20. 45 +8 40.97 0,83 +0. 10 " 48 59 53. 20 .July 88. pn;)0 6059 19. fU 21. 057 29. 8 2,-.. 1 87,9 32, 4 49 21 41.70 48 30 14.00 -1-0 .'.0. 87 -1.20 +0.03 5:1.57 fOS:t IB. PO:i •J5. 376 28.1 25.7 29,4 32.0 ."Hi 27 5^. 97 41 22 :.9. 15 +4 20. 00 - 1, 09 +0.08 53.45 HiOli 2A OO.-i I'i 278 27. 1 2^0 30, 2 DO. 1 ;0 37 30, 03 07 05 58. 20 +8 09. 83 -1.09 +0.15 5.1. 3:1 ^3H SMI 2y. 3;w 14. 149 S9. 4 20.4 2^. .) 3i0 73 48 05, 78 24 20 12, 04 -4 13.03 -1,14 -0.08 53. 70 1^344 07 11.419 !i4. 005 29. 2 27. 1 29. 1 31,0 . . \ 09 30 .'lO, 28 .,1 37 15 54,10 -1-0 32. 37 -0.85 +0.11 5;l.b3 .•.aj3 5911 25. 300 13.043 22. 3 32.0 3.-', 3 ,. 30,3 ,. 49 49 47, 90 48 22 09. 44 -0 01. on -3,17 -0.10 .53. 74 ■Inly 29. (i047 0073 2H. 4.-,9 11. 723 31.0 31,0 •;o, 8 ,. ol.2 .. -, 72 12 44. 10 80 01 81.71 -8 39.28 +0,14 -0. 17 ,5,1. 00 01 M 015- in. I.i4 2.5. 902 3D, 3,1.4 31.4 !.. 28. 8 . . ;• 70 .58 .. 31. S '.. 45 58 .53, 90 52 03 37. 13 -1 2l.i:c 0.00 -0.02 53.87 7705 I5.7.59 22, -^'i 31.5 32. 8 31.5 L. 30. 1 . . .58 47 10,35 39 05 08, 77 4 3 41. 10 -fO,(0 i 0. 00 4,- .59 51, :I2 ijl 122 UNITED STATES NOUTDEKN BOUNDAllY COMMISSION. Ohscrvations for Latitude. — Station No. (J — Contimicd. lt.A.C. No. l!iailinK«. DeoUnntlon. OurrcctiouB. Lntltiiilc. Itriimrka. Mieroiii. Level. MlMill. (list. MIcruiu. Lcvcl. Itcfroo. Itcd. til niiriil. N. s. -787 71-00 10. 431 33. OIW 32 30. 5 ;io.o 33.1 t II. «. ' 11 52 01 13. 28 43 53 51.:i0 +3 21. 01 -0. 01 -10.04 ' " 48 59 S;l. 40 Jul.v SO. 79(W S0-J4 SO. 434 13. 101 31.4 31.0 31.5 31.4 41 10 ,'.:l.02 50 25 20. 74 +8 45. :i9 +0. 03 -1-0. 10 52. 75 HUM 30. ,'.41 33. 333 33.7 31.0 :.o.2 31.8 40 21 42.04 4a 30 14. 28 ■i 55. 20 +0. 38 -t-O. 03 5:1. 88 17.30f< 3."i 71 j 30. 8 33 4 31.4 10 3 50 27 .50.26 41 22 59.41 +4 23.05 48 07. 07 -4 15.20 +0. 45 04 +0.08 +0.15 -0.08 53 79 8.00 10.033 13 39.'i 30.8 33 1 :iil 31.0 ... ... :tO 37 30. 60 07 05 58. 52 5" 77 33. 0,-.7 14. 830 30.8 3:1.0 33. 2 :io. ... 7:i 43 00, 0:1 24 20 13.25 +0. 30 54. 10 1 8344 07 n. e.w 23. 430 :io. 7 3:i. 3 32. 2 30.0 00 30 50. .5:1 :t7 15 54. 33 +0 30. 20 +0.38 +0.11 :A 18 0047 007 :i 2J. 333 ll.,'i73 :i3.4 :I2. 1 31.5 .13. 72 12 44. HO 20 04 23. 31 -8 :)9.99 +0.33 -0.17 53. 05 AliKiist 1. 0U4 13. 470 2*1 330 33.0 iii). 31.0 31.8 7n 58 47. 80 '0 47 49. 84 +C 3,5. CO -5 l;l. 38 —0.05 -fO. 14 -0.09 53 91 0308 1 0->0 l;i. 137 23. 34 33.0 :14. 3J.0 31.0 .... .19 20 27. 15 58 43 40. 48 +0.04 5:1. 49 1 o:ii8 j ojo.-. 11 ;30 3- 851 ;i2.o 33.1 :w.o :ii 2 59 28 00. 37 :I8 15 00. 01 +8 30. CO -0. 03 +0. 15 54. 23 0431 1 0470 21. 'ill 31. .■i04 ai.i 3:t.5 33. 2 33. 1 4!1 17 :i.'i. 7 1 4t^ 43 10. ;m +0 00. 32 +0. 51 0.00 5:1.78 o-irv'i 1 OTieO 1.-..000 211. 340 33.1 34.3 ;t:i.4 31.4 33 18 1.5.00 05 40 03. 03 -3 15.00 +0.30 -0.04 ,53. 19 00v.>4 0081 23. 407 10.001 :i:). 2 33.0 33. 4 33. 1 40 07 4:1. .54 57 40 S3. 37 +8 50. 74 +0. 10 +0. 05 54.40 0738 Ii748 18.204 21.404 ;«. 7 33.1 ;t3.4 33.0 4:1 85 20. .5:1 54 40 40. 18 - 1 10. 51 +0.31 -0. 05 .'i3. 10 07^n 0817 20. 20.'> 20. 40.'> :u 5 3:1.5 :)3. 8 33.1 57 48 5.5. ,'.5 40 10 43. 43 +I'04.:i4 +0.85 0.00 54. 08 0!>:t7 0070 1.7.314 24. 003 :i3. 4 34.1 34. 2 3:1.7 36 28 0.1. .59 01 41 42. 00 -5 00. 28 -0.09 -0.09 53. 03 7034 l.'i. ro7 23. 850 ;i4.i 33. 1 3:t.o 34.0 01 51 18.00 30 01 58. 00 +3 13.28 j - 0.89 -9 41.08 1 -0.09 +0.0B -0.17 7100 7100 0. 002 27.700 :i:i.7 34.1 43 45 30. 84 55 33 30. 15 ,5:1. 00 33.9 .. 731.1 14. 003 2.'> 7r5 31.2 31.3 ;i3. 7 37 57 07 ;iO. 30 40 40 48. 23 1 -{-5 45 12 1 11 +0.10 +0.04 .'1:1 :io 7:fi0 7.Yr.23!l.'. 23. 354 18. 135 :i4.7 :i3.o 3:1.4 :)0. 3 :i8 09 20. 10 59 45 04. :i:i -t-a ;io. 14 .... - i>.07 .'■3. 72 7377 7:108 3!l. KI7 1 32. 1 10. 5,'i4 1 30. 7 :io.4 33.0 59 27 51. 10 38 51 50. 11 -9 '.-. 30 +0.09 -0 18 53.74 7410 7453 84.908 1 31.3 14.001 38.5 37.8 30.3 03 02 53. 90 ;10 07 13 .9 -5 10.40 53.31 ... +0.51 ' -0.09 7480 74fllt SO. noo 31. .1 34.4 45 5- 5.5. 00 •V! 0:1 :t8. 31 - 1 23. 07 48 .'.9 54. 10 23. -.74 :i,-.. 7 ;i3. 3 +0.58 -0.02 REPORT OF THE CDIEF ASTRONOMER. Obnerrations for Latitude.— Station Nu. 0— Continued. 123 a A. c. No. Urtulill^8. DccUnatlon, Corrc(.'li()i)». Latitude. Ueioarliii. Micron) Level. Mnrid. (liBt. Microni. Level. Kifiac. lied, tn ineriil. N. S. 7505 7U05 17. :i!l!l 81.081 31. 5 ;t5.7 34.2 34.0 fn.^. O 1 It 37 .57 ,18.78 00 00 12. !)1 1 II -8 12. 80 +0. 44 -0. 03 " 4;' .59 .53. 40 Aii;;u(«t I. v-li 18.S;i-.! :).-.. 2 :ii.2 34. a 30. 3 25 19 40. !I2 72 34 2!1. 07 +2 44. 97 -0. 2.5 +0. 00 53. 07 77.". 771)5 1(1 l£t •J3.J11 ;i4.2 ;i.-.2 30.2 35. 2 "'6';6 .58 47 17. 43 39 05 Oft. 73 +3 39. 92 -0.44 4-0. 00 +0. 0(i 53.18 7787 71-00 20. 087 ai.cMo ;i 1. 2 ;i:i. 1 35 ft 37.0 .52 01 13.33 45 53 52. 30 +2 21. 45 -1.25 -jO.04 5:).D(i 7t!S0 7-fa 14. 10.-) 88. SO.'. :«. 7 34. 2 30. 9 48 4!l .50. 04 40 24 4ft. (iO -7 29. 5ft -0.47 -0. 13 54.17 71103 8051 28. 815 ll.iPro 34.0 3.5. rii. 1 34.8 41 10 51.0ft 50 25 21.75 +8 45.57 -0.42 +0. 10 .53. .'.:i HOT HOjfl 18.:lllfi 20. 000 ::i). 3i 5 Xt.9 37.4 4ft 21 43. 01 48 30 1.-,. 25 +0 ,55. aft -0. 02 +0. 02 .53. 82 808.1 8t'J8 I7.;iu 2.5. 8;w 3.-.. 3 34.7 34.1 31. 5(1 28 00. 24 41 23 00.30 +4 '.'4.38 +0.22 +0. 08 51. 89 MOO e-J7;) sfl.n.ii 11.175 35. 8 33. 4 34. 30. !( 30 37 31. 00 07 05 .5ft. 44 +8 08. 87 -0. 38 -! 0. 15 54. 19 8:in K)-,'l u;i. Ml 15.411 35. 33. 8 3.5. 2 30. 3 73 42 00. ft.l 24 20 12. UO -4 1.5. 3ft -0. 00 -0. 1)8 48 59 .53. 88 i Jteun lutitude (7ft deter(i)initt)iiii!i|, 48° 50' 53".7{i. ( = 0".53 • T = (.".35 eo = 0".on To = 0".04 iMW M .9 1873. UNITED STATES NOllTIJEUN liOUNDAUY. ObncrvatiouH for Latiludc, I AstroUMnirul Stiiti(i:> No. 7. — Soiilli Antler CrecK. \'Xi inili-s wt'st til" )'fnibiiiii.-(ll»si'rvt'r, J. RCilTpiH-.v, LttuU'liiliit IJliiti-*! StitU'M KngiueorH.— itciiilh Telfflco[)c, Wintlolimun No. lI.-ChroDoiiU'ttr, K(';;u8 Siilt'r<-nl No. MCI.] It. A. U. No. .V.-i:l bail ciin (iiii (;i57 OOrtP ii:iiH iiMTt CI70 o.i.->;i ncai (itifi 67J« bug (inl7 (i!n7 coru j 7IB4 707a 7100 7ltiG 7'.'1.- -.r,^ ItrluliugH. t'U I'l'ClioUH. 71120 7.Vr.2JUJ 71177 Microin. Level. 7410 7403 74H0 74t-!) 7503 7()05 2.-1. ;t27 li 170 :iii. a 40.0 4-,'. ;t !i. 400 19.470 24. 737 Itl. 376 SO. illj- ■ lO.WO 1!J. Hll 21. 170 SI.7Irt 2fi. 022 18. :i.9 21. 110 '£>. 130 19. C93 aiOlO 19. IIB 24. 100 Hi. 7;ii a,"). o.".3 1.1. 193 87. 71(i 1.1.1)19 a7.llil a4.713 17.3'.i2 27. ceo 14. U3li 23. M7 Id. or>5 23. 333 21. 4S0 22. 042 3,"i. 7 43. 3."i. H 33. .'. 40.1 33.7 3!». (i 34. c an. 31.9 32. 3 2:^. 3 .■;o.a 29. 31.7 SO. 8 30.7 32.8 32. 8 3-.'. a 31. 5 ;I3. 9 33. .1 32.4 32. 3 3,\ 4 Pk). Ti 31.3 3.'. 1 31.. .33. 1 3i: 1 34. 11 31.0 32. li 42.0 3.K 8 2-'. 8 38.7 31.8 39. 32.0 39.7 4.\(i 30. II 42.5 : 0. 42.2 31.. 1 28.3 31.0 32.0 30.4 31.0 32. 1 30.0 31.3 32. 1 33. 2 31. n 31.7 ;13.3 33. 7 31. 1 32. 9 31.8 31.3 30.0 33. 4 30. 4 31.8 32.7 M.Tlll. «liht. Deeliiiatioli. 31 .M .'•>2.20 . 03 .'.2 a.'i. ( 49 49 .W. 0."i 48 22 1(1. 12 72 12 44. 87 20 14 22. 3;l 70 :•" 47. 81 i.0 47 49. 84 39 20 27. 13 ■'if 43 40. 48 .V.I 28 00. 37 38 13 00.03 49 17 3.'.. 09 48 42 10. 10 32 18 !,■.. 09 (i.'i 40 02. 02 40 07 43. ri4 ,'.7 40 23. 37 43 23 26. .'i3 34 40 40. 18 .37 42 .v.. 53 40 10 43. 43 30 28 o.'i. no 6i 41 42. CO 61 31 18.60 30 01 58. 39 42 43 39. 83 33 33 30. 15 .37 07 30. 30 40 40 48. 23 38 09 20.11 59 43 01.33 .39 ! 38 t 54. 10 .'lO. II J 02 32. 90 3li 07 13. 79 43 38 .35. 00 ,32 03 38. 22 .37 57 58. 78 00 00 12. 92 Mieritm. + 8 0.'. 84 - 4 12.72 - 40.01 -t 8 32. 43 - 3 ...fl'l + 10 11.42 f 1 54.31 - SO. 03 + 4 45. K) - 1 1.3.03 -I- 1 59.52 - 3 05. 10 + .3 09. 20 - 7 4.3.28 + 7 38. :.3 + 4 32. 00 - 8 03. 89 - 3 15.88 + 31. (fl - 18. 38 Lovel. +5.43 + 2.29 + a..32 -4.85 -1..34 -1..34 , 0. 03 -o.su ! -1.C3 +0.U7 + 0.40 + 0..38 + 0.23 + 0. 20 + 0.93 1 1.01 + 1.03 + 1.77 1 1.34 1 4. 97 ! Re.l. to i vM. I LatitiiiU'. + 0.14 -0.07 -0. 13 + 0.18 — .1. 05 |0 18 |0.C3 0.00 10.11 -0. 02 + 0. 03 -0. 03 + 0.09 -0. 13 +0. 13 ■10.08 -0. 14 -0. 00 +0.01 -0.01 48 61 .33.01 49 01 49. ,38 49. 38 47.18 49. .33 48. 50 47. 61 48.03 48.34 48.30 49. 50 49. 47 48. 14 49.87 48. 93 48.31 49. 1 1 49. 20 49. 03 49 01 .32. 23 Uc'umrka. All^iiHt 1. lUji'ctcU. l-.'l UEPOHT OF THK CHIKF ASTUONOMEU. Ohserrationsfor LatHiiik. — Station No. 7 — Continnod. 125 Koadingfl. n. A.(;. No. Level. N. 77,'.,'i ■.7(i.". 77S7 7S(W 78:o •lies soar. i:il4 t;ii;4 46 07 .'■.a-i;i S'.lll I fi047 0073 nil4 «l.'i7 09UH 031H UllO.'i 0431 0470 Wi.'i:! 05^0 (>01>4 OOfl 074rt fi7i'0 OB 17 01137 0!I70 70-34 707.1 7100 7100 7:iau 7-Yr. i!311.-i 2.7. a:.o 33. 17. 7i0 3,7. H 17. 1>.'2 33.(1 •Jii. cifri 30. 1 18..Mrt 3.3. » %>. 370 37. IH. 203 34. .1 •i'.-zn . 34.5 30. 700 13. OlS 34. 41. .'i 10.041 3.7.1 34. 1p7 38.3 10.701 , 33.4 20.017 ' 37.0 30.317 .l.'i.O 14.170 ' 41.5 33.01.7 1 33.8 10. l!<2 37.3 23. 173 , 3.3.3 311. oriO ' 3S.0 24. 407 17. 033 30. 13.-. 15. IHI 14.0.54 27.731 10. 0-0 34. 478 13.141 2!l. 005 10 7117 23. !li;0 30. 833 31. 315 20. 143 ll-. 437 50 8,72 33. rrO 34. 000 37. 250 18.780 S3. 773 17. 407 3.7. 8(14 10. 030 28. .^58 10.011 3^,315 23. Ii45 15 3113 9.3.7 33. 2.5.7 2,5. 24.0 211.5 20.7 27.0 2.5. 4 34.7 20. 1 30. 5 •i9. 5 30. 23.0 30. S 20.8 24.7 24 33. 5 29.5 20. 3 24.8 30. 1 Mcrlrt. (lint. Drcllnaiion. 1 3.3.7 1 31.9 m.«. 34.3 33. 31.5 31.3 33.0 41.0 34.0 37.0 33.0 30.1 34.7 31.1 33. 5 37.5 3.5.1 31.3 3.5.7 31.0 33. 24.7 34.7 3.5. C 20.9 34. 4 21.0 20,0 10, 3 30,9 3f. 34.0 33.7 30.7 30.7 30. 33. H 30. 3 ::::;:: 37.4 33. 7 33. 8 34. 5 2-I. 4 31. 33. 3:1. 38. 1 30. a.5 10 40. '.'3 72 34 20. 08 58 47 IV. 43 30 05 00. 73 ,58 01 13,34 45 .53 .52, 30 48 49 ,50, 07 49 84 40, 70 4110 ,54. CO ,5« 35 21, 75 40 21 43. 01 48 30 1.7. 2.5 IW 28 00.85 41 23 00.30 30 37 31.00 07 05 .59. 43 73 43 00. 93 84 2G 13. 9« CO 49 89 70 37 15 5.5. 10 49 49 50.90 48 23 10. 33 78 12 4.5. 19 20 04 22. 44 70 58 48.08 I 20 47 511,03 30 20 27, 30 50 43 40, 77 ,59 28 00, 07 38 15 Oil, 00 40 17 30, 03 48 43 10, 70 39 18 1,5.30 Ii5 411 03. 00 40 07 4.3. 84 ,57 40 2.1. 73 13 95 20, 80 ,54 10 40. 54 .57 43 .5.5.01 40 Hi 4.1.74 30 38 (>5. 00 01 41 43.08 01 51 19.04 30 01 .5,-<.03 43 45 40. 19 55 33 30.51 57 07 .30^75 40 40 48. 30 38 0!l 90. 45 ,50 45 04. 73 CoiTfCliolis. MiiTimi. + 4 30. 03 + 5 33, 13 + 4 14,80 - 5 .3.5. 05 + 10 38.45 + 3 48. 90 + C IC. 22 -(- .59.93 - 8 8-3.41 - 50. ,50 - 4 12.09 - C 40, 39 + P 28. IC - 3 20. .50 + 10 11.70 + I .57.74 - 18.33 + 4.40.08 - 1 15.35 + 1 5,8. m - 3 05. 90 + 5 Oa. 75 - 7 45 24 -I 7 38. 80 + 4.32.89 I.rvi-l. + 1.24 + 1.21 + 1.07 -0.00 + 4.04 -0.72 j 1.51 + .5.09 + 1..54 + l.,51 -0,33 + 0.13 + 1.77 + 1..54 +3.00 -l.,57 -2,05 + 4,?1 -0.20 -8.03 — 1.1-3 +0.S0 -1.47 + 1.41 +0.05 Ui'lVnr. n ( 0. 09 10.10 +0.08 -0. 00 -I 0. 10 + 0.05 1-0.10 ■ 0.10 -0. 05 -0.02 -0.07 Rwl. 1(1 iiin-i.!. Ln-itiiiU>. Roronrkn, -0. 13 ■<0.I8 -0,05 ! 1 + 0,18 + 0.03 ' 0.00 +0.11 -0.02 . I + 0.03 • -0.05 I +0.00 ! 1 -0,13 + 0. 13 ! +0.08 O » II 10 01 48. 08 48.01 40. 37 43. .50 51. 80 47. 30 48.10 51. 30 40. 03 47. 33 47.81 47.39 49.10 48.01 40. 20 40. .57 48.19 5.5. .38 48.13 40. 08 47,27 49,08 48. .59 49. 33 40 01 40. 14 Allf^MHt 1. Rc.iecttMt. Ati;;nKt i Kcjrctoil. I m I i 126 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. Obserralions for Lniitnile. — Station Ko. 7 — Continiiod. II. A. c. No. 1377 7;iiM 711(1 7453 74?0 74p|I 7.V).'i 7t;o.-i 70-37 70Sli 77.-.,') 7705 7iIJ93 6«a 58.'i3 sun 0047 (1073 0114 6157 020.* C-.'S9 03 IH C30.'i 04: 1 0470 (1.153 OJI^O 0024 Clifl (.748 C7H0 0|. 03 + 1 58.71 +0.30 Red. to iiieriit. -0.14 -0.06 +0.01 -0.01 +0. 00 +0.10 +0.08 -0.00 + 0.".0 + 0.05 +0. 10 +0. 19 -0.05 -O.OJ + 0.14 -0,07 -0.13 + 0.18 -0.05 ' + 0.18 +0.03 , 0.00 I +0.11 : -0.02 : +0.03 I + 0.03 LKiitiiac o ' n 49 01 48. ,55 40. 43 40.28 47. 60 48. 60 47. 00 40.24 40. 02 48. 00 ,50. 23 48.40 40. 03 48.83 44. ,58 40.33 45.63 51. 38 .52. 22 47. 36 ,50. 05 48.54 46 41 47.08 48. r.9 40 01 40. 27 ItemnrkB. Kejectod. Aiif^at 3. i UEPOUT or TIIIO CIIIKF ASTUOXOMKlt. ObKervatioiisfar f.dtitiidc. — Staliait Xti. 7 — Coiitiuueil. 127 B. A. L'. No. Ul'llllillC!). IVclinatinn. -'lUTD'li 'IIH. I.utitiidr. Mkrimi. Level. Mnrld. ili»t. Micrum. I.I'Vl.l. 1 0. 7J ItlflUC. li('(l.t» nioiil. licniiikn. Jf. s. 7ogt 11)73 l-.OJ-' •J(l. liirt an.o ;i.i.s :i2. 2.-'.0 m. f. 1 11 01 .M m. 42 30 01 51). 24 -i- 5 0.-. IH + 0.0.) 40 01 4-(. ."8 - 1100 iiu: 1(1. Odii 21.1 :i:i. a 31. H 2.-!. 8 42 4.-. 4(1. .'• 1 55 :i:i 3U,U1 - 7 40. 77 fO.OO -0.11 49.51 1213 TJ77 1(1. 417 •JA 7(1.-. 2:). ? a4.:i nio iA :i .17 07 31. 13 40 40 49. U5 •r 1 38. 0:1 11.24 1^0. 13 41). ail 7Yr. Sl'.l."i i.v 1^:) 17. frl :ii.o 31..-, 2(i.i) 3H Oil 5(1. 1!) .11) 45 0.1. 12 + 4 31. 30 + 2.78 (.('•«8 .10. 1 1 7:1:7 M'.W 27. 071) H.ira ;!0.i 3:1.0 :i2. 1 :iu. ,10 21 54.05 30 51 ,W. SI - 8 0:1. c:i +0.52 - 0. 1 1 411. 03 141(1 14,M •.'4.77-< 1:1. .Vil 31.0 :i:l.o :i2. 1 :io.o 02 0; .1:1. 70 30 li7 1 1, 47 - 3 1.1.2) 1 0. 08 -0. 00 41). 43 14-!) 2l.7,-0 •.11. |l,l:l :iiO 31.0 31.3 ;to.4 02a 0:) 45 :<* .1.1. 75 .12 03 ;ir. 1 1) i :io. 35 tl.O-( , 0.01 (1.11 48. Ihi IM).-. liu:. 2 J. .'.12 211. (i:i.-i ;i>. 1 31.1 :io.fl :i2 D :::::;: 37 .17 .11). 4'* 0) 00 1:1. 70 - 18.32 r-0. 07 -O.fll 48. :i:l 1)W7 lOrO 2'.744 I.-. 2.1.1 31.4 31. 1 32. 7 85 10 17. ,13 72 34 ;;i). 47 ; 4 38. 84 ■I0.C7 , i). on 4-(.00 I7r>ri 1705 17.210 2(1. 227 ;)0.t' 34.8 :13. !> :)o. 1 .IH 47 H.ai 31) 05 10. 4:1 t- 5 .13. 1(1 + 0.,12 •0. 10 48. 10 7S0U 2.V74I 31. rt :i3. 3 :i3. 31.3 ,12 01 14. 10 45 t3 53, 04 i 4 14.01 -iO.20 , ('. 08 48. M 7?'!0 l-'.40'.l 27. .'il 1) 33. 3 32. :il.3 ;i.). 3 48 40 .11). 8 i 40 21 .10. 44 - 5 ;io. 39 fO.21 - -.09 48.88 7!)f>'-' S)-J4 :il.(lO!< 1 1. 440 3.1. :l 32.0 :i.i. 8 31.:. 41 1(1 .V..3S ! 5li 2:i 2.'. 4'.) + 10 :i7.80 + 0. 05 + 0. 10 41.01 fOlfi l!l. 2(1(1 2:1. 71.-1 j :io. rt 37.1 :i.1. (1 ;;::::: 40 21 4:1. 73 4j 30 1,1. DO + 2 47. 15 1.01 +0.C5 1 48.05 f0?3 ei'Jt' 1(1. :'4'< 2«.!)77 32.0 :i(i.u :i4.4 :i((. a •in 2,S 00, 91 41 a3 0O,!)(< 1 + (1 10.33 (1.01 4 0. 10 49 (11 48. 4J Mean latiliulf (-1 ileti-niiinalinnB), 41)' 01' 4- I := 1".228 n' 1873. ITNITRD STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY ObscrratioHsfor Ltilituth: [ARtrnnoniiuil r linn No. P— about 7 nilliv* west ol" llivii-i"' I'cr* I,nrt«. 'J;i7 luilff* wpHt I'f Pniibiiin.— OlmiTVrr, W. .I.Twiiiilljj, Cui'tiiln I'liili'd Siuli'» Kni;lu('i'ra.-/.i'iiltb I'iiIibo.'IK', Wiinlniimiiu -Nii. •JO.— Clircninim'li'r, Ni'ijim Slih'riuil No ■'■ri.l ICH RKPOUT OF TIIK CHIEF ASTlfON'OMRIf. OhHcrrtttiom for Latitinlr. — Sliitimi .\. 50 41 23 04.93 +5 20. 5(1 -0.33 +0.10 .1 1 ti 40 01 01. .54 37.^.^0 31.4 .'0.0 II. ll-j 211. 5 :iA 30 37 35. 83 C7 0(1 01.5(1 +9 11.. M -3 12.49 -0.95 (('■11 01. (13 Kin 2i.n.'i.'i '. 30. n 31. 5 I4.l'.->1 30. .'i 31.0 73 42 11.97 34 SO 111. 72 -0.44 -0. 00 (11.30 KM. Ill II. 3('.'i 30. 31.4 2.1. !l4li 2!1. 7 3A 00 30 5(1. 34 37 15 511. 2il +7 31.27 -7 30. (.7 —0.83 +0. 15 (11. 39 (1(117 i;u7:i 20. ^'lll a.-.. 3 24..'! 12. 117 2!*. U 22.1 73 19 4- 84 +1.49 +0.74 r0.07 -0.14 AuRiist 17. 0114 (JCii 111. -13:. 21.4 2.V!I 2^). 2ll.'> 27. 11 '-2. 8 70 58 50. 118 20 47 .52. 12 +7 40. 14 -4 08. 31 +0. 1(1 -0.07 f.ais (iliMI 14. !-21 2.V 1 22. f-ij 25. f 2.-I. n 2:i. 39 20 30. 39 .'.f 43 ,'iO. 21 01. 90 o,':i:i (i>ii 17. iiro 24. .1 111. II3II 25. 11 28. 2(i. !l 32 l-i Ir'.m r.5 411 07. 25 -1 10.40 -1.(0 -0.02 01.51 (i(;si (ICfl 23.010 211.11 1.1. 434 , 2:1. B 25. 8 311. 40 07 47. .'.7 .57 40 28. 08 -f 3 ,'..5. 0(1 -0.98 +0.07 01. f8 (h4h tien 17. If 11 2.-1 3 21.22.-1 , •.3.0 1 17. !1.'.4 2«. 1 211. nil : 22. 4 27. 28.0 211.0 2!l. 8 43 95 30. 92 .54 40 44.94 .57 43 on. 49 40 10 47. 84 -3 0.5. 23 + 1 09.41 -I.JO -0.01 -1 (13 -|o.oa (1 .11 01.97 l.illU i.V 73.-. 23. 350 i?.. 7 24. 20. 4 2.\ 9 30 O" 1.9. 97 01 41 47.98 -3 .5(1. '.^ -1.03 -0.07 01.61 7021 707;l H.IUll 23. 334 91.7 21. 5 24. 27.0 01 51 21. 10 30 02 93. Ill +4 19.70 -1.20 +0.08 03. 18 71127 7O0 21. l.-,ll 1(1. p25 2.). 5 27. 2 24.9 24. 35 10 51. 15 72 34 3.-.. 70 4 3 47. •-■8 +9. f 5 40.08 01.117 77.V1 14.472 23 545 24.7 2!l. 97.1 34.0 .W 4; 23. 32 39 05 U. f4 +4 41. M ^-3 23. -.0 +0. 30 -0.87 40. 08 +0.0(1 nl 0:1 77H7 7p(K) lC.i).-0 23. 41111 25. 7 24.8 20.7 27.7 .52 01 1:1. (h! 45 .53 .57. 91 00. 85 7i'i0 78!<-J 1.3. 807 SO. 35S 27. 5 27. 2.1.0 20. 8 48 .50 01. 03 49 24 5.-1. 27 -n 29. 43 id. (10 -0.11 01.01 7!'C'J W. 3III 10. 3115 211. 2!l. 9-'.0 20.0 41 in 59.80 50 95 37. 44 +9 47. Ul +1 .57.41 +0. 3,' -1 0. 19 01.23 18. 015 21. 7911 311.1 90.7 i>1.0 29.0 49 21 4^. 48 48 30 30. 08 +0. 18 40.13 03.30 (■20(1 8273 9-. 404 10. G5U 2.*'. 8 'if. a 28.0 28. 9 30 37 3(1.14 07 00 04. 94 +9 10.08 -i 0. 09 f 0. 17 01.48 P3H K)24 8341 (.7 0114 0157 22. 4(15 10.232 P. 48.'i 23.112 10.917 25. 015 28. 5 27.4 29.2 27.0 29.0 28.8 38.9 30.0 S.^'.O 31.5 9.5. 9 22.0 73 43 10.30 94 911 17. (Ill 60 30 5(1. 73 37 15 59. .57 70 J8 51. 14 20 47 53. 34 -3 13. 39 +7 33,84 +7 39. 14 -0.1.7 -P. 74 +2. 31 -0. 00 40.13 +0 10 00. .56 01.. 38 03.20 AllfflIRt IH. l!i 13. 004 20. 705 10. .VII 38. 7(^.. 27. 30. 28. !l 27.0 ».7 -.7.0 28.1 29.0 39 30 30. .50 .58 43 .50. 42 .59 2? ('4. 4 1 38 15 10.27 -4 0". 5: f9 21. fO 4 0. 07 -n.47 -0.07 +0.17 01.02 19 01 (11.93 N B- 111 liltl i. I ^!' I I. 130 UNITED STATES NORTIIEUN llOUNnAUY COMMISSION. ObscrvatioHH /or Latitude. — Station A'o. 8 — CoiitinuiMl. n. A. c. No. 0470 tW3 ma (»i81 mm flcn am liU-O 7(I-,N 7(171) 7410 7rAi 7(ifl.'i 7037 7(Jti(l 7703 7e:o 7pS3 on I 0157 flSC8 <)3l-l( (VII8 O^IGj 64-il 047G (■634 ((i«l 0788 U74H C9H7 0970 7024 7073 710(1 7106 TSI.'i 7877 Rvadliiga. MIcruDj. Levul. N. 8. 7;ian ■■Yr. i;:i'.i.i la. 050 ui. us 31. .1 34.0 IS. O-'S 30. 37i) 27. .'1 31). 3 5:1. 40.1 SH. H LVilU ; 3i<.3 17. a'ifl 27.7 31. U44 3!l. 4 17. '•n.'s aa o 30.077 I 37.1) i.'i. 2.'in 2'.i. 1 33. 804 3'J. 14. HH4 38.6 3J. 1!)4 SU. 6 I 2:1. '.13O 37. 1 1.7. 9(3 ; HO. 8 111. 311 M.^ 18.^44 30.0 17 0:1:1 30. 104 33, f. I 13.3i'7 13.008 33.11:1 14. Ii:i.'i 27. 130 10 877 •;.•). 740 1:1 410 31.444 ll..'i03 SO. 700 IS.rtJ.-. 20. 73fi 17. 304 19. SS.'i SJ. 8 11 15. 2J.-1 17. 140 21. 835 l.-i. 0-0 31. 710 l.'i. -lOJ 3:1. 734 10. o.i- 27. 0:15 13. 00:1 25. 207 23. 6;l,^ 1.-.. 533 30. ;io. 8 ;(0. :io.7 31.0 38 5 :io. :io.« 30.1 20. 5 2 >. :i ;,o. 1 28. 7 88! 8 39.5 2.4 9 20,7 :io. U :ii.4 2:1.9 31.1 33.4 31.0 :h.o 31.3 31.1 :i3. 5 31. I 34.0 30 .'1 :i:i, :) 1. M«ri. 1 37.0 31. I 3;t. 7 Doi'llDttlon. Cnnrt'tloni. Mlorom, 49 17 39. 84 48 43 14. 64 .■12 18 lasi 05 40 07. 53 40 07 47. 80 .'i7 40 38.30 43 35 31. I H 54 40 4.'i.28 .'.7 4:1 00. 70 40 10 4a 10 30 8< 10, 34 01 41 4a 31 61 .-il •:4. 41 :io 03 (i:i. :i8 (13 03 .'.0, 21 ;io 07 It. 05 45 .1:1 00. 75 .',3 03 4 I. ■-'■.' :i7 58 04. 00 6 J 00 10.33 85 10 51.42 73 :I4 :io. 10 .-H 47 2:1. 73 :19 05 1.5. IH 4.^ .5(1 0.5.01 40 31 .5.-1.04 70 'H 51.27 30 47 53. 33 :io 3(1 :in. 70 58 1:1 50. 50 50 38 04. (iO 38 15 10.43 4!l 17 40.03 48 43 14.81 :i3 18 la 97 (5 4'1 07. 75 40 07 4.<. CO 57 4(1 2a 01 43 25 :il. 40 51 40 1.5. .53 311 •-8 1 '. 47 01 41 4 '.01 01 51 21,75 30 OJ 1. 03 43 45 4.5. ;):i 55 33 30. 3(i ,57 07 30. ,57 40 40 53. 50 .18 00 31.. 55 50 45 10. 79 Lcv.l. -1 1 04. 51 -0. 51 -1 11.34 -».m -f3 M.99 j -0.87 ! -9 00. 81 I -0. 33 -l-l 07.70 -0.00 -3 .57.17 i -0. 11 I +4 17. 84 -0. 18 i -4 07.01 ' -0.47 -0 10.04 -fO. 03 I -1 10.15 -0.07 -r3 4a 87 ; +0. 14 +4 4~8l -0 87. .57 4-7 41. 3S -4 00.00 f 21. 04 -I- 1 0.5. 10 -I 10.77 -f3 .5.5.00 -8 00. .50 -0.87 -0. :t3 -I. CO +0. 04 -0.70 -0. 711 -('.80 -1.00 -0.41 -3 50. 8J j -0.80 +4 IS. 12 -8 37.48 +0 47. 83 -( 3 40. 70 -1.10 -0 71 -1.11 -0. 18 lli'd. In Uivllll. I.«lltllilr. ■t-0. 02 -0.02 -) 0. 07 -0.03 10.02 -0.07 +0.08 -0.07 -0.01 -0.03 (-0.08 +0.08 -0.11 +0. 10 -0.07 +0.17 +0. 08 -0.03 ' +0.07 i -0.01 I i -0.07 +0.08 I -0.15 ! +0.1 J 49 01 01. 3(1 01. hO 03. 17 01.0:1 01.. 5; 01.03 01. (.5 01.. '.:i 02 85 01. II 03. 38 01. 47 03. ;u 01.01 01. 0'.' Iti'iimrltii +0.00 ' 49 01 01.84 AUKOHI 10, 01 .5(1 01 88 01 08 03 44 01 41 01 84 01 33 03 45 01 811 01 84 UKI'OllT OF TUH CIIMOK AHTIfONOMIMf. itbHcrmtUtHHj'or Latitude. — Station A'o. H — (!()iitiiiiii)(l. i:u II. A. (,'. Nci. noadlniiii. Di'cllURlliin. o ' " •v.i 9r' on. n.-. M til 5."i. 0.) (W OJ .VI, M 30 07 111. iil V, .Ml OI.O.'i 5-J (13 44. .'lO S". in .-,1.00 n 34 30 51 Cortoctiuni. Liitlliiili'. ItL'ltlutkM. Mlorom. LeTol, Moiiil. d.m. tn. «. Mirriiin. Luvul. -o.ni -0.51 -0. 53 -0.87 IMnc. -II. Ill -0.07 -0.01 +0.08 lil'il. til luul'ill. N. H. vnt mil 7JCII 74t(!l tiw; 7IJ«U 88. 1115 11.040 X\. 401 a.v r>i() l!l. 807 no. Tillj 89. !I!P.-| la. K>:< 31.7 aj.3 3.1 1 3J.0 34. ,'. 33. U 33. U 34.1 33. « 30. 1 31. 1 :iii. 3 31. 1 3.-I. 8 m:.. 8 30. 1 -a 5.'>. 81 -4 00.70 -0 in.Bii +3 4-. 35 t n 4'J 01 01. ."a U9.ll 09. 47 4U 01 01. Oil Meiii Intltwlo (79 ik'tiTiiiliiulioim), 40"' 01' 01". 03. • = 0".487 T -- 0".394 «, e; 0".fl.-)T4 1, = U".o:i8» ! I nu I tm 1 111! ^1 M t-t' i .1 I f. 1878. UiJlTED STATES NOETDERN liOUNDAllY. Obscrrations for Latilwle. Astrononiical Statinn "Sn. 9— Sinn- .■ River, 2*1 niiira wost nf IVmliiita.— ObsoiviT. J. F. rrrrpory, Liontt-nant Uniteil Statt!8 J^ugine.Ts.— Zt^nith TcU-. "'pt'. ^V^llK>ulanIl No. *^0.— Clironunn'tir, Nt'^iiiH Si(It'rfarNi>. U?1.J B. A. C. No. Kt-adinjie. Dfclinatioii. ColrtTtidim. L^tiliiili". ' '/ H 38 10. OH .Micrcu. Level. Iferiil. lliBt. Micrum. Lovtl. liflVar. liieriil. Keinarka. X. S. «I47 got:) SO. ma 'J. I.-).-' 17. S 20.3 28.5 tn. «. ' " ■ 72 12 4-', IS SO 01 24,80 1 II -10 so. 49 +0. 33 -a SI " .\ii;;i'»t 19. GIM •ii:i7 M.4?0 SI. 1-45 28.0 S8.7 28.1 28. S 70 ,'^8 ,-il.28 SO 47 ,-i2, 32 -t- 4 48. .'0 ^-0. 13 +0. I'J 10, ,33 Uv!;9 1.). I J SO. 400 :n..5 2.'.. 2 25.0 3.1.0 39 SO 3:1. 70 58 43 50, 59 - ,39, 51 -f 0,1 -0. 12 11. Oi 0318 l.'i. Ii;l7 SO. SIS :i0.4 29.7 28.7 31.0 :>9S8 04.01 38 13 10,43 i- 32,80 4 0. 13 -f-0. 1 1 10. 00 «47(i SI. .Ml 1MI4S S8.3 3; 1.4 33.0 29.3 49 17 40, 03 48 42 14,83 - 1 47.34 -0.20 -0.03 09. fO C36li 17. sii;i s:i. 7S7 IIS. H 30.1 30.8 33.7 :12 18 8,98 -. 40 07,70 - 4 02. 39 -0.5; -0.08 10.38 riiij4 SI. .'ilS ID.HU 32. .5 SO. I 31.3 34.7 111 07 48.00 .17 40 2-', 01 + 1 03.20 -1.41 +0.02 10.08 0738 C74ti 10. V! SI.S.I1 33.0 30.0 31.0 33.0 43 S.-i 31.40 54 40 4.3, 53 - 1 .38. 0-1 -0. 33 -O.O-" 09, 37 071-0 •SS. '.IIO rj. 443 30. 34.!) 33.7 30.0 .37 43 01,03 40 10 48. 3 J - 1 43. 47 +0.50 -0. 03 11.74 own 01)70 l.-i. l.-iO so. 148 37. r. SO. 9 28. 1 39.3 30 S8 10, 43 01 41 48,00 - 48. 29 -0.85 -0. 12 10,2,1 7034 7073 SO. f.-il s:i. IM ;io.8 38.7 3.x 5 S8. 3 01 31 24. 75 30 OS OJ. 02 ! 1 25. 42 fl.87 +0.0,1 1 1. 51 7100 7H!t' ii.;i;ii s;i. ^K1 34. 3 31. 4 32. 30.3 42 43 45. 33 ,-,3 33 30. SO -11 -M 80 -1,03 -0.20 10.71 7SI.') 7477 17. 41W SJ.7I^ 31.7 40.8 3li. 5 SO. 3 37 07 30. 57 40 40 ,33.51 + 3 ,34. 44 42. 19 +0.07 11.74 7CJ7 70^0 SI. S^J I'.l. 7,10 S.-*. 2 SO. 21 C 3S 1 25 19 31.(0 72 34 30.51 -f 57. 44 -2. 39 +0.0.' 09.17 77.'>,'> 77C,"i io.;i:io ■.s. 3:)0 SI. 3 27. S • :■. 8 58 47 S4. 14 39 03 15. 50 + 1 31. 40 -0,85 +0.03 10.40 77r7 7f00 31. i;io ss. OlS 21.7 SO. 1 •'J. s ^0. 7 32 01 19. 70 43 .33 58. 43 + 33. f a -1.34 +O.DI 11.03 79IB S0'J4 2:1. 5;u IS. ;i:is 3S. 3 21.0 22. 33.9 41 17 00. ,33 50 S3 28, 20 4- .'iO. 09 -0. 83 +0. la 09. 74 SOIIO c03« SI. fSI 2I.;147 S7.3 S7. 2 27.2 27. 49 21 49. SI It 30 21. 40 - ,34.70 -0. 10 -o.os 10. 42 eos:i eiiifl IKSOl s;i.ii7 24.8 28.5 29, H 20. : 30 28 00, 04 11 S3 00.07 1- S 31,30 -D.U8 l-o-'n I 19.72 woo 8-i7:i so. 701 27.0 S5.fl 2f.i 30.0 30 37 30, 71 07 00 0,3. 71 1 19. .37 -1.K, +0. 12 48 58 09. 09 i:w HKrOllT OF TIJE CUIEF ASTHONOJU:!!. Obncfvations for Latitude. — Stativn 2^'u. 9 — Coiitimiod. 13:} 1! A. ( . No. 1 IN'ailiiiiiR. Ufclinalinii. Corrections. Latitodo. 1 -1 48 58 09. !I0 Ki'niar]*R. Miortnn as.(ii;o i4.rou l '2a 1 :u.o ! 33. 20 7 ;•. i-« 4i'.'.2 ■.•; (\ 24. r7 -10 20, 10 -0.33 -0.21 \ 00. p5 Auj;»st '.o. n,i4 (11. -17 2,V Ollli 15.7 1 17.1 10.3 iri. 71 . .in .11.53 80 47 52. llt^ + 4 47.87 1 +0.80 1 + 0.10 , 10. 12 (l.ll- C-JHI 111. ,';io ai. -03 10.5 10.x 17.8 13.5 ,19 211 30. Kl .18 4.1 .-Id. 71 - 7 CO. 73 +0.75 -0.12 10.00 (i:iiH (Ulilj l(l,0-J4 ac. ;i7i 16.0 10. 6 IS'.O 10.0 ,10 as 04. 70 3S I,-. lO.r.tl ■f 3J. 01 -1-0.29 40.11 : 10.07 CI21 (H7(l aa. iM.'i ao.oiH 17.0 10.7 10.0 17.3 40 17 40. 1.'. Hi' 4i 1.1.01 _ 1 48.75 -10.13 -0.03 0,«. 0.1 (;r..i;i IT. 474 a4. o:u 10.3 19.5 lt'.7 10. 32 18 10. 13 65 40 07. 07 - 4 03. 112 I +0.30 { -0.08 10.21 0(1124 Ofifl a!.70.-i iO. COO 10.3 ao.5 10. 7 19.3 40 07 4,1. 19 .I'l 40 VO. 05 + 1 00. 78 +0.26 i -10.08 00. 08 10.411.') 34.494 ai.o 10.8 21. 1 43 25 31.01 51 4'J 4.1. 77 - 4 59. 42 +0. .10 -0.08 ' 9. 78 07fO (iti|7 ■ aa. i^.'ia 80 oao 10. a aii.n 21. 9 If. 5 57 43 01.30 4U 1(1 48. 54 - 1 44.89 -1 0. 5., -0.03 10. 59 aa. n 22 22.0 3k 00 31. HI 50 45 11.11 + 48. O.' ho. ,16 -i 0. (12 10. 1! 73;-. ai.iiiii la. u.'Ki aa. 3 ail. 5 22. (1 21.7 ,19 88 on. 08 38 51 55. 90 -11 48.00 1-0, 40 -0.21 01 1-5 7410 74.-.:i ail. 0711 iruKi aiH ail. 7 a a 5 ■ire Oa 02 .10. 90 36 07 10. .10 - 7 00. CO +0.72 -0. 15 0:) 5J 1 74M 74SII If. f..-i;i ail. s 10 a:i. 7 aa. a-;.o •-J. 5 45 .10 01. 35 .18 03 44. f* - 3 l>.7c -! 0. 07 -0, 05 10, 1 ; i 7iiori 1M1.')1 a4. oo:i a 1.7 ai. a 81. ai.H 37 58 04. (17 00 00 10. 03 - 4 J3. 13 1 1-0.86 -0, OT 09. 00 ! 7(1J7 70rfi S1..V.1 an. Ill ai. 5 a.), a 23.3 2:1. 9 21 10 51.. 'll 7a 34 30. 01 + 0,1.1.01 -{0.4:1 +0. 02 08. »(, 1 1 77ri.-> 77(1.-. lO.fOI aa. vji aa 7 a.->. a 21.5 22. ] ■ .18 47 a4. 4 1 30 05 1.1. 70 + 1 4,8 70 +0.40 1 +0. 0:1 ' 1. :io 77H7 7^0(1 81 !l;l7 2A Tl.'' a 1. (i «•,. 04.3! .12 01 80. 00 45 53 .18. 78 -1 89 711 •f 0. 33 ' -jd.oi 1 213 1 01.51 7!llW «iJi!4 jr.. H.vi l."i. Ollil a.-i. a a 1.0 81.0 1 ai.o 4117 00. 80 50 ai 88. .15 1 + 6 ,1.1. 811 -j 0. 52 +0 12 11 20 goilll "(O'.l a-3. :iio ao. 7110 31.0 , J.". :i 27,1 20. J 1 49 21 41 51 ' 4^ 30 21.75 j - .16.17 1 0. 71 -00: 1:0,91 1 COM HI J 10. .VI 1 a:i. m:i ' ai. H 1 a7. 8.1.3 ai.H 1 .... .10 2r< OT. 01 41 2 J Mil. 3,i 1 j 1 8 31.2(1 1 1.41 j |O.UI 41 58 l». 4: 1 ^ rf"rn III 134 UNITED STAXrS NOllTIlIiHN IJOUNDAUV COMMISSION. ObncrratioiiM for jMtitudc. — Station No. 9 — Coiitiiiiiod. li A. C. No. KondiiigH. Pccliii-ltion. Corrtctiots. Micnm. L.v.l. Jlcriil. >ll8t. m. ». Lovcl, Kcfrnc, U<(1. II. iiicnil. L.itit.i.l... N. 83. 24.8 i H300 2)1.252 a«.S Hi. 144 25.3 ; 37 37. 02 111 Oil or. 08 1 '1 + 6 15. 55 + 1,41 +0, 18 O 1 n 48.58 0,-.. 113 rai4 25. P!P3 1 24. H 10.0(0 ! Mr'.-.i 25. 3 21.9 73 42 13..',D 24 211 17. 80 - 6 Oil. 08 + 1,90 1 -0, 12 ' 11. 35 27. P42 1 SO. 3 20. -.eu 25. 4 24. 5 2.-|. 8 OO 40 34. 40 . 37 16 00. 49 - 4 40.90 + 0,40 -0,06 Oil, 92 ISO l-.i ll.l'.50 30. 7rO 25. 27.0 !6.3 24.0 3:! ,52 ,57. 34 05 27 01.05 -11 50.76 +0. 30 -0.22 0,-. 88 •JID 23. .'541 20. Ii;i8 27. '.,0. 5 24. 5 47 35 24. 17 50 16 32.29 -)- 2 10. 15 fl.4l +0. 03 09. 82 aid S5VI 21*. 2f6 13. 7i3 21.5 33.0 2!'. 9 18.5 CO 25 38. 04 37 48 42.14 - 9 01.07 +2.00 -0. 10 10. Ml WYr. 73 3Vo lit. 4>'2 23. 030 27.0 2.5. U 24. 5 20.0 67 06 03. SO 30 43 02. 97 + 2 34. 34 +0,29 +0. 05 0'. 92 401 4116 27. 542 15. 3:5 27. 2 27! 2 21.9 25. I 28 04 34.61 119 36 33.90 4- 7 33. 54 + 1.41 +0.14 09. 38 filH 6157 16. 727 24. 528 21.0 22.2 22.0 76 58 51. 58 20 47 52. 40 -\- 4 49. 84 -0.10 + 0.10 11.77 6XS 15.413 lO. 603 23 4 2.'. 3 •XV 3 23. :;9 20 30. 84 58 43 50. M - C 59. 10 ~0. OV 1 -0 18 11. .57 r.3l8 (33CJ P. 648 26. 240 23.0 23. 24. 24.1 ,59 28 04. 89 31 15 10. 70 -(- 6 33. 54 -0. 49 t +0.11 10,911 inai 21. 740 18. 829 2i7 25. 2 25. 23.0 49 17 4". 30 48 42 1,5. 17 - 1 48. 10 -0. 03 -0.03 ' 09. 51 (i.Vi:i (JDfeO 17. 402 24. 027 24.0 21.8 23. 21. 5 32 18 19.27 115 40 0.-, 19 - 4 02. ^0 H-0. 33 -0.08 j 11.18 (iC54 1.(181 22. 0(0 20. 378 24. 8 25.9 25. 24. H in 07 48. 311 57 411 •£!. 04 -j- 1 01.75 + 0. 29 +0.02 10.70 tiTJ8 U748 1.').035 23.!H;5 2.5. 2 86.5 25: i 432531.81 64 40 45 99 - 4 58. 35 f 0. 13 -0.08 10. 00 urn 28. 542 10.711 24.7 a '.2 27. 2 22. 8 ,57 43 01. 43 40 16 49. 73 - 1 4.5. 18 + 1.28 -0,03 11.115 e!>;l7 1.'). 310 8ll. 329 27.8 27.3 2". 6 •Ji. 3 30 28 10. 90 61 41 49. 10 - 49. 40 ,1-05 -0,12 11 56 7nso 7Yr.2 !W 21.. '^n 20. 101 21.0 1..3 10.11 21.7 38 (9 32. 05 .59 45 11.43 -j- 50.01 -0.46 +0. »i U.31 71177 7.0H 30.203 i 10.8 11.248 j 20.3 20 5 ,59 28 oi.::o 38 51 ,511.21 -11 47.00 -0. 13 -0.21 20. 10. 82 74IU 7453 26.514 15.245 20.8 10. 5 19. r, 20.9 02 02 liO. 22 3(1 07 19. 75 - 11 58. 69 .0..13 -0. 15 11. 11 7480 74l<(» 18.115 23.207 21.0 18.3 10. t 21. 'I 45 ,59 01.72 ,52 03 45, \n - 3 11.43 -0. 05 -0. 05 11.31 7505 7605 IS. 938 25. 435 19.5 20. 20. 9 21.3 37 58 04, 93 110 00 20, 20 - 4 01.39 -0,88 -C. 07 111.20 7687 7I)I«C 81.379 19. 870 20.0 10. 3 20. 5 22.3 85 19 ,52, 10 72 34 37, 20 -(- ,5,5. 84 -0,85 +0. 02 09. 09 77.'>5 7765 19. 430 22. 309 20.7 21.0 81.0 20.8 .58 47 24.78 39 05 10. 08 + 1 19,20 -0.03 +0.03 09.03 77n7 7fOO 2 7 22 J53 20.7 21.0 21.0 20.8 52 01 20. 42 45 53 ,59. 08 1 32, 18 -0.03 +0.01 48 58 11. PI Ilrju ti'd. AiluUHl-41. ItEPOKT OF TIJE CDIEF ASTRONOMER. Observations for Latilude. — Station No. 9 — Continued. 135 I!. A. 0. No. Ki*niUnj;H. Microni. Lowl. M.rid. L'LSt. m. «. N. S. 7ncn i:i.503 Sti. am 21.0 20. 2 20. fl .22.0 70(1? 26. 777 i:i. r>!i4 21. P 20.0 20. fl 22. pom; bO.Vl ai. 7r;i 20.7 22.0 22.0 20. f '*!. i;.-)7 20.8 21. r< 22.0 20. B &!7;i sr..:iii lU. 14.-) 21.0 20.7 2',.0 21.1 P3I4 Q.'S. PH.I iti. m:i 20.7 21.0 21.1 20. 8 •tr. 07 84. H.ln 17.315 20. 3 22. (i 22. r, 20. G 1M n,-. 11. mn 30.(170 22.0 21. li 21.2 22.0 108 sin 21. 'JH3 l!l. 7J!» 22.0 21.0 21.7 22. am 2". laia 14. 173 21.fi 23. ,5 22.0 21.2 13Tr. 73 345 l!1.0,'i3 23. 243 21.7 21.1 22. 3 21. 4111 43r( 27 372 13.119 21.0 23. '.' 1. 22.0 Doclinution. Mil-rum. 48 .'lO Oil 00 40 21 .Ml. U.-i I .- fl 20. 54 41 17 Ol.lfi 50 2."> 2»<. 00 1 + ,Vi. 411 40 21 40. ff> i 48 30 22. Oil - ir>. 77 I 50 2^1 07. 35 < 41 2.3 011.08 j + 2 33.74 ,30 37 37. 28 07 00 10.60 + c iae2 - C 05. 30 73 42 13. 85 24 20 18.04 00 40 34. 83 37 10 00. 70 4 30. 00 32 .W 57. 00 I 05 27 01.07 i -II 47.77 47 35 24.51 ! 5.. 10 32..V.1 : -I- 2 10.03 I on 25 38. 40 37 4H 42.41 ' - fl 50.44 I 07 OB 03. 81 ! 30 45 03. 22 + 2 3.5. 08 28 01 .14.81 CO 30 31.18 4 7 3.5.25 I,cv,-1. It fnic. RimI. to meriil -0. 52 -0. .52 -0.03 -0. 10 -0. 10 -0.07 -0.07 -to. 13 -0. 03 •i-0. 311 -0. 82 -0.03 Lntituilc -0. 10 j +0. 12 ! -0.0.! t +0.04 ; // O I II 48 58 10. 10 -fO. 18 ' -0.12 I -0.00 L I -0.25 1 +0.03 -0. 10 -1-0.05 +0. 14 10. 12 10. 15 10. 04 10. K, 10. 45 07. -. 1 11. OJ 00. 48 II. I!l 08. 43 43 58 01. 87 Krnuu'kH. K.Jrrtcil. Menu lalitiulu (80 ili'tiTiliiinilioiia), 48^ 58' lOVJO. t _ J: 0".e721 r - *_ 0". 5882. e„= i 0".0974. T„— i 0". 0058. !i fl' u\>^\"»\i^ 0? I ' i I 18 7 3. UNITED STATES NOUTIIERN DOUNDAUV. Obncrvatioiiii for Latitmk. ( Astrnuoinical StatiiiM Xo. I')— Mitl Cotoaii, Itl-J iiiili'H wrHt of rtMn!)inii. — OlixtTvor,.!. F. (jroptry, Lit'iitiMiaiit I'liititl Slulo.-i Kii{;int.'i*r8 — Zf liiih Trlcscnpt*, WiinU'lnauli Nu. 'JO.— I'lironoiiH tt-r, N» ;^iih Siilrn-ul No. 14rl.J 11 A.U. Nu. ItcoilluKa. Dci'linatiou. Correi'tioiiN. Latitmle. lU'iiinrliS. Microlii. 15. 501 •Jl. 1107 N. el. S. liinl. MiLTom. Ltvul. KilVao. Kill, lo nii-fiii. 1787 7sOO a.'i. 5 •MO a--.o 'Jll. 5 m *. 5 J 01 -J.-lOO l."i 51 03.33 -H 3 01). (15 -0.30 1 0. 05 O ' II 19 00 13. 91 Sfpti'iubor 4. 7l'20 7S80 IS. ten •JO. 110 so. 5 1!7.7 8S. ■it 3 IS .'0 10. 5-. 40 '.S 01. 'Jl - 50. 85 - 0.-J5 -0. 18 15. '87 mu 10. I(i> •JO. so.o 80.0 ■J!l. S 11 17 0.-1.3S .'0 85 33. SI 1 9 21.01 -0. is i 0. 17 44. 80 (•o:in 8U5» 17. 3i\ ao. :!uo •J5 S .11.0 30. 84.0 4;P 81 .'i4. 47 IS ;:o '.o. 04 + 1 34. •JO (0.09 rOOJ 15. .".5 8l!i8 14. >•:« 31. UI'J 27.0 as. 5 as. 87 a .iO as 18. 81 41 -IS 10 91 + 5 03.01 -0.U7 + 0.09 11. 1,1 i-aod 87. TOO 10. 581 :u.o •JO. 85. 3 31.1 ;:o 37 40. s7 01 00 11.50 + 18.34 fO. 14 + 0.17 44.73 a-A 175 15. SSI •JO. •JV.O as. 30. 1 73 IJ 1S.9S 81 •JO 31. 10 - 3 33. SI -0. 17 -0. 07 45 78 46 (i7 21. 3W) 17. aoj .10.8 •J7.0 •JS. 31. i;o. Ill 3*. OS 37 10 04. 51 - 8 09. 51 -0. 40 -0.03 4... K.-joctfil. la) 17j 9. 7a) S7. 7J4 30. ;t •JJ.O ■J.l 1 3-J. 38 5 1 01. 16 05 87 00. 04 - 9 19.08 -0. 09 -0.K 4.-.. oa aw 2.VJ '.'.•>. OJl la. 477 31.1 30.1 a:, a 00 85 42. 94 :i7 IS >■.. US - - :;o. 45 1 0. 48 -0. 1 1 41.38 dr. S.V1-.73 13. .WS i\. lOil S!l. 4 •JO. 811. 7 3J. 07 o; oaai 3 1 45 00. 47 f 5 00. 19 -0. 81) + 0. M, 43. 05 401 418 2S. 7li!! ». «10 .Ti a •JO. 9 80. 7 .18. 1 a-i 01 37.87 00 30 3S. -11 J- 10 00. 03 r0.07 , n. hi 1 1. 13 l!4'3t 0471! 1R03I iO.OII ai.o aa. 1 81. 81.3 •• 1)17 I'i 7S 4S 48 17. 70 1- 43. 75 + 0.04 1-0.01 4 1. 04 Si'ptenibtT 5. Bft.M 65HII IS. 4.> 31.45; S4.0 •ji. 1 •JO 81.7 38 \f 21. 47 1)5 40 11.38 - 1 33 05 + 1.0V -(■.03 4l.:i9 B(i34 6(iel 8 1. :tj"i 17. 515 •J3. 81. ai. 1 81. 1 40 07 51.01 57 10 35. 3J 1 3 31.30 + 1.27 +0 .10 14. 89 •i748 i7cri aj. 570 83. a ■J'i 1 •J-J. •J3. 1 .... 43 •J5 3I.S-J 54 10 l!l. JJ a 87. 'iO + 0.01 -0.51 —0.04 41. 58 aim 0617 19. riflii ao. Sfii •ii. 7 ai. 9 21 9 81.0 51 43 0.'>. 09 10 10 51.80 1- 40. 01 + 0.0 J 43.97 0970 10. l.'.l 84.510 23. ai.o 81. S aj. 5 no as 14. 03 fll 41 5.1. Jj - 4 19. 4n ,0.5, -0.08 4 1. 59 70-M 707a 17.001 C4..>1 '£. 4 21.3 aj. 01 51 ■J9..M 30 01 07.38 + a .55. 19 + 0. 10 +0.07 44. 11 7100 71011 11, MO 2A 1140 J3. ■<. •.',-..9 •J4.0 88. 48 45 49. 51 55 33 41. 10 - 9 01.00 i 0. 71 41. SO -0 10 7il.-. 7a; 7 i4.a;o so. OIU •J3 3 •JO. ••■4. 4 ■JJ.O .57 07 41.50 40 4U 57. 80 \ 81.37 ■fO.63 -LO. 11 19 00 41.^4 1!W % REPORT OV THE ( HfEE A8TRONOMEH. O.'tHcrvatidm /or l,iili>iuh\ — Stulitii A'n. \Vi — ("oiitiniud. Kfiiiliiit;R. H. A. C. Nc, 7.y,-.ii:iU.-. 7W 74H ■•rsi -4lrO 74*'.! 75ri.-i 76113 7687 *ce6 7!in-J 80^4 80:16 8U.W j iiiw ! KII4 tin B7 I7j : I am aiii ' Kilt ! Gr.ia.Yr. 7:t ! ;i4.i 4(V1 ' 4;t" »N 5 4tt) I J s*- nul IVticrou) 744 l)itS 10117 li'vrl. I Mtrlil. di»t. 23. th- 10. 9IU 11. ni il4. Mil 1.1. f.i in. MS 'ji. vyi Irl. H-l il. HI.8 U.l. 480 10. eni ! 55. )'J5 3:1. S(.0 I ii.aiu I la 41'; 1 2I.47'J w .1:11 as. M» ii.j;5 ai. i;r 10. IS'J 16. .1.1,1 S'! SSW so. 14S 58. i;e a".. 5,11 10. .'.lO ';'..HI9 14 SI4<.I l.V IM a:..wi,-> 10. 4<;i 1 1. 1:17 If ;iJ7 U. !»4-J 23. la; M. D4;i 111.07:1 !»• %il :;0- 4*1 14. mio 24 ti?2 111.112 "i.r^i!) S4 23.4 . 2:1. 23. I . 2:14 24.7 1. ai.3 I 21. e >. 20.3 21, t. 1. 23,3 23.0 ' 2;, .'. i(3. ' 25. I 23. £■ 23. S ' 2!>. 2t. i 22. 1 I ail. 3 Ml. 7 2!!. 2f<, S 23. fi 0'.. 3 13 2 2!t. I1..3 1 1-..0 10.3 ' 20. 2 •7..1 ia,o 17, f- 111, W.S, lil. 20.7 18,3 Di'oIinHiioii. I'tM fC'Ctlor.s. 3H Oil M. f 5!> 43 10. 12 rO 29 0 50 25 34. 1 1 40 21 54. IS 48 36 SO. Oj ■10 28 12..'< 41 23 11.10 Miii'Dm. i Lovel I i It 7 18.1 10.1 20. 11'. tj.5 20.0 20. 10.1! 10.0 21. .I 18.2 18.0 21.0 SO 5 10.0 in.n IM.'J 10. 8 10. 3 1 111,7 ■ 10.5 I 10 U 10, .1 l',4 1 «,,( 21 6 I !.«• 24, « 1 I* (! 14. 7 ! S3. 6 1 1. 7 a:i. 8 ! 20. ' I,''. 5 I la 3 ' 20. 3 tUl.t 19,3 21.7 iO. 20.0 20, 10.0 30.4 1A» 21 lll.l) 21,0 I III. 3 10 7 21.0 t 3 17. Wi ; -10.71 - 10(1,1 ' <(i. 71 I - 4 30.37 : +0.02 I - 4:1. r8 . ,0.83 - 1 33.30 ' I 0.71 ■i 3 54. 84 I +0. 47 f 4 21, 00 ! -2. 70 + 9 23. 40 H 1 34.01 (- 4 ,10.00 an 37 41., 10 ('7 00 11.811 73 42 13. .10 24 20 21. 40 r,0 ,10 32. 21 37 10 04.1:0 32 .M01.4I 65 27 00 !,0 47 35 28. 04 50 10 37. 1 i 60 25 43 20 37 48 40. 36 «•, 06 OA .10 30 45 Oti. -0 28 01 38 10 00 30 38, 75 48 04 3* 4.1 « .10 ««. 75 90 W ,W. .'i» ;0 oil M. 1'3 lUI 40 33. 2I> 34 il 17. 15 60 40 47, 47 31 13 57, 30 lU 28 21 25 78 54 43, 01 77 r. 47 20 -.0 34 32. 0:1 25 12 22.0! 72 54 4.1 111 -0. 30 -0,51 -0. CO - e 47. 10 f 0. J2 - J 3.1. .12 I : 0. 31 I -f 4 25. e;i : 0, 14 - 10. ,12 I ■ II. 14 + 4 411.52 ' f 0, 16 il ;',0. 02 j -fO, 07 I ■(- 5 1:0.01 M', 1'' lU'Crilc, 'il. Iiil Latilnilf I H 0, 05 -0. 10 -0.08 -0.02 -0. 0:) t-O 07 i 0.08 1^0.17 : 0. 02 ) 0. 00 .0.17 |... -0.07 I .. I +0.08 ,... i -0 17 ... -i 0.0-1 ... •«, II ... I ■i-0. 10 ... -10 40.-7 -1 0.3ii I 5 :I4,,V ^«07 -0 SJ +0. 1«1 I : 10 0:1. ,10 ; -0, 40 I I 0, 1' .. - 88.31 ' +0, 42 I -0.11 .. - 19.08 ' in. 17 I -0.01 .. ' I I 1 I I - 4 to 40 -0. II 1 -(: ('7 .. i ! ■ - 1 no. ,12 +0, 11 , -II. iij V. 3 4?. 3n • ( 0, 1 -0. O I II 40 00 44. .18 4 1. 5ii 44. 51 43.07 44, 72 44.41 41.41 43. 40 44. 30 44. 4 1 41.05 43.70 41.76 4V97 41.77 44. 09 4i .W 4.1. 1 4;, 05 45 4; 44 15 49 OJ 41.1.5 I'M Ui'iimrKf. i\.Oi '. Uf'juo^-il. I, -■\ iH t| ■ ■!' ' >! "i 1 I I I ,< r i I i 138 UNITED STATES KOltTUiCUN BOUNDAUY COMMISSION. Olmcrralionii for Jjutitiidv. — 'Sta(ii>ii No. 10 — Coiitiuucd. i li. A.C. Ku. Ucniliiigs. I>L-i-:inatioii. Corrections. Lntitiiilr. I5oiiinrkB. Mir'.uiii. Level. JI nil iliat. I.I'VOI. Uvfl.lP. ISimI. In III) 1 ill. N. S. 1 am 21. 0111 Hi. Xil SS.1 20.0 IK 4 20. m. «. / " (12 41 4'i.81 3.') a.'i 3 J. 13 - 2 64 00 + 0.(;2 -0.05 ( 1' 49 00 45. 98 •;;il777 1 I'l.O •Si. Wl -i-i. 81.7 .')0 00 15.71 4S 0.1 03. 08 - 1 54.:i7 -1 0. 10 ■ -0. 03 4.1. 01 U4-J1 111. 273 au. K-i 17. (i 17.0 18.0 10. 1 40 17 42. ^^ 4.-J 4J 17. 82 + 41.00 -0..10 1 hO. 01 41.81 Sopteinbrr 6. IS. 3 17 21. 212 lo.ri 17. fi 17.0 10. S 33 IS 21.. VI (>3 4(i 11.4J - 1 ;i2.03 40.11 -0.0:1 41. .15 mm 2:1. c4;i Hi. 974 10.7 1 .4 17 2 SU. 2 10 07 .11. 14 .17 411 32. 48 + 3 33. 10 -0.07 (0.00 41.00 17. ciri 2i:M;i 10.0 10. 10.2 10.2 4:? 2.1 34. 07 .14 40 40. .10 - 2 27. 07 1 -0.09 -0.04 45.03 1S1.8M 2ii. 7f0 1^.0 20.0 20. n 10. r.7 4:1 0.1. 28 40 10 .11. DO + 47. 04 -0..T3 HO. 02 4.1. 35 (ili:>7 21. 1.12 2". 30. .•; 10. f) 10.4 3fi 38 14. 18 (il 41 .13.4; - 4 ia.18 + 0.3:1 -0.08 4.1. 53 70JI 70T3 Ifi. il22 24 04J 30. 10. 2 20.0 21.0 (il .11 20. -B 3li OJ 07. .Ill 4 :l 57. 05 -0. 40 + 0.07 4.1. ;i8 7100 7100 ll.:iJ7 2". 717 20..^ 30. 10.7 20. (i 43 41 49 71 .1.1 33 41.:i4 — 8 .10. 17 +0.01 1 -0.10 4.-. 04 Kijocliil. TJI,. TJ7T 14.010 211. 311.-. 20. 2 211.0 CO a 21.0 .17 07 41.80 40 40 O'.OU + t; 24.31 -0.23 + 0.11 41. 13 7-Tr.!U',IJ 3:1.1111 10. (.71 CO. r. 22. 11 30,4 10. 38 00 31i. 00 50 4.1 10.38 .| 3 17.05 +aoo +-l'.05 44.58 7:177 7;iOH 2;l. 171 11.210 10. 8 22. 19.0 .19 2S 0(1. .32 ;|K 52 00. 34 - 9 17.2.1 1 0. 11 i -0. l(i 40.06 741fi 7J.i:l 24. 3!I7 1 j. 7i:i 23. 1 20.7 20.0 21.7 03 03 (1.1. 40 30 0; 2.1.77 - 120.41 1 +0.35 1 -0.08 4.-.. 31 74i'(l 71p9 30. 0(i!) 21.4P0 33 1 21. 2 20.3 81.8 41 .10 Ofi.20 5; 03 .10.11 - 44. 1 ; -r0.40 -0.02 44.45 7.V1,') 7l>0."i 21. (iSU a.-.. 1 Ik. .'1 17.3 26. 1 37 .Ik 00. 12 60 0(1 aj.Mi - 1 3:1.31 + 0.27 -0.01 41.40 7fi;7 -ti-li 3:1. 4Sli Hi. i-90 nil 9J.4 21.2 95 10 is,ra 78 31 43.0 J + 3 34. 0.i , 0. 1- , +0. 07 44.19 nr,:, 77U-. 10.01(1 34. acfi 31 n 83. a .18 47 30.2.1 31)' 11 J 20. 5.1 ^ 4 19.70 -0. n ] -.0.0^ 45. 13 7787 780J 17. 210 2:1. U(iH 23. 1 23.0 22.8 .12 01 2.1. CJl 4.1 54 03. 07 , '. 01.20 +0. OJ j +0. 05 40. 15 inn 1:1 07:1 27. 312 24.0 21. H 21.0 24.2 48 50 11.1:1 40 85 IM. 81 - .10.74 +». 14 -n.u 49. 70 8aj4 2!l 437 11.2X1 as. 7 : 81. 7 23(1 83.3 5 41 17 111 01 5li 25 31.41 . 21.01 -0. 10 +0. 17 -fOOl 44.70 POSil C05I . 18. Ml 21. .W7 83.1 : 21. n ai. 1 1 23.0 40 ia S-. r.7 48 ai S7.35 t I 3l.»i ! -0.20 +3.0! 4 .71 8128 i.'i.r:- 2.Vfli,-| 83 3 8:1 91.4 31 .10 38 12 0(1 41 31 11.40 + .1 lis. 4U —''.3.1 ■ ('. 1 41 00 44.41 Mi-an "t ..l.ilum lOOili'ti'iitiUciliiiimi. 10- III; 44" <.. = ± 0".078;i T- = i 0" 1.175 ^= i o"i»-:i.i T, ■=! I (r, 11.103 18 7 ;} . UNITKD STATES KOUTIIEKN IJOUNDAUV. Obscrrationn for Latituilr. I AHtniiiuiuical Station No. II llu'I.v Siirinji. nc:i niilfn wrf»t of ri'mltina.— olisorver, .r. !•'. (^ rt'tinrv. Unitt-il Sialt'H Kti;:iiu'orrt.— /I'llilli 'IVleBcopi', Wurclfltuwiu No. 20.— Clirononicti'r, N>^llH .SiilM'rnl No. H.-'l.J n. A . >.'. Nj. e!t:i7 (i!i:o 1031 1110 Wl.'i 7477 7:i-.'o :.Yr. Si'.i.'i 7.'77 7;i'.tH 74 Hi Itt'ailIn;;R. 74H0 Hell 7f.!7 77ti:i 78^0 7!*Jfl "es-J 7Dli'J eon eojii 81v!K fi(lv!4 tilMl 6;4J 67H0 08 7 6'W7 tl!l70 111. :i-o 'H. I (14 i(;.2iii ;.'4. i;o 11.M7 a-. :i.>i) Hi. 3!l'.l iii 4ni ir.. :i;)t! 2:'. (yi 1 1. 4:is 2:1. i-oi l.i. Mil III. f 22 20 2(111 2;t. ?ii4 II). 321 l.M.M 24. j:io 1 r. 4:'0 2:i.ntii II. :io l!).0 17.7 20. S in. 8 17.U 17.0 111. r> 21,7711 1 n.o i;.a:i7 | 20.:) i-" 0.1-1 1 le 2,',0«i I U,0 l-',3;o i."i :i : 2^1. tiJT 1.1 :i in. 10.1 17 :i 21. -cm 17. 7 17.0 1.1.3 14.0 18.0 1.1. 4 17. (i 10.1 18.0 II. I 21.1 17.0 21.0 1.1. ;i 22. a 17.7 •20.5 14.4 23.7 20.1 la. 4 in. 7 10.5 20.7 l.-<.9 17.7 18.0 I 19. I I 10.0 i .. , I 11,1 18.(1 I 18.(1 I 10.0 16.7 10.0 14.2 mc 1.1 2 10. U j It! 1 Moild. (liat. OirructioDR. Miirroni. Of n ;i(I 27 7.1. 73 01 41 55. 41 (11 51 31. m M 02 Oil. 17 42 45 51. 51 .15 33 43. 411 ,17 07 43. m 40 40 50. U6 38 09 37. 80 5!) 45 18. 70 5n 98 08.74 38 ,12 0-2.28 69 03 07. 98 3C 07 25. 08 45 58 08. 48 52 03 .1-2. 49 2.1 III 56. no 72 34 45. 95 58 47 3a ai 39 05 22. 73 .12 01 2-'.a2 45 .14 0(1.41 (8 50 1:1.01 49 23 04. 35 41 17 0-1. -23 56 25 37. 20 49 al 57. (17 48 38 211. ^2 .W iS 15.(17 41 ai 13.81 - 3 50. 49 -0. 02 + 4 17.71 +0.20 - 8 30. 70 -0. CIO + 47. 79 -0. (14 + 3 41. '.4 -0.42 - 8 5.1. n- -0. 70 - 4 06.85 -0.51 - 19 SO -0. 47 -! 3 47.74 -0.32 + t 41.70 -0.62 1- 3 23.2(1 ~0, .18 - 6 2.8, 25 -0 5- -I 9 4.1.02 -10.85 + 1 54.34 +0,6i •f 5 24. '27 -0. -20 30 :i7 13, 28 07 0(i 15. 17 [ 4- 9 0:1.87 -0.91 4'1 0; .1-3. 45 I 57 4.1 31.15 + 3 53. 9 j , f 1.17 41 85 36. .12 ' ,11 40 51.311 , - 3 01. .10 -0.1,- I 57 43 or 14 I i 4 1 111 ;,.!. .16 + 1 09. 7ii ' *14I 5 ,01 - 3 .7.17 +0.41 Level. R^f-«-'^;;:^i;;: -0.07 I +0. 08 ! -0.15 +0. 12 I +0. 0(1 1 -0. 16 I -0.07 -0. 01 40.08 +0. 0- ,;o. 00 -0.11 +0. 17 •10.03 4 0. 10 +0.17 +0 07 -0. 03 I I,.atiluik' 49 01 09.02 08. 49 10, ,14 09, 85 09. ril 09. ,12 09. 37 10.80 09. 07 09.00 10.05 10.04 08. 7(1 Koninrks. SeptembtTM. (!8 71 6-1, 91 08. 31! 11- Id 09 37 0" 97 49 O'l III S( pti iiiUi I i:Jl» ■ i ■ \ Mf !ii 1 .1) 140 UNITED STATES NOUTIIKUN IJOrNDAKY COMMISSION. Ohscrvtttiona for Latitude. — station Xo. 11 — Coiitimietl. It. A.C. No. Kt'itilln^H. C'»iirr('tioi;8. LilllliuUi. . " 40 01 oii.5;i licmarka. MU'K.lli 1.5.743 84. ot>:i N. n.o 18. H el. S. 17.4 1.-..7 M.rlil. , cliat. Ucoliimtiou. Micnim. + 4 18. 1.- Level. -; 0. CO Ki'fiiu- -111. (8 li.ll.l" iiit'iiil. 7034 •.or.t fli. H. . ./ (il 51 32.00 30 02 (Jll. 34 71011 la. i!io •M 8ra 111.0 10. 4 1;.. n 18.0 42 45 51.72 55 33 43.70 - R 37. 73 •t 0. 07 -0. 15 10.50 7-Jl.-. 7a" i3.:i4H aii. 401 IT 2 lt<. 1 17.0 10. 5 .^7 07 44.84 40 41 CO. 18 -1^ 4.:-. 00 ■i 0. 411 ■10. 12 07. ";i 7;Nn 7.Yr. 'Jlliij 9:1. ifit 10. iia in. 111. 1(1.3 17.0 38 on 38.0S M 44 70.03 + 3 39. 40 ^ 1 05 -1 0. Oli on. 07 7a:7 73118 an. 0' 5 11.71:1 17.7 •.0. 3 18.5 1.-.. 7 ;,CClIlli)ti0I). MuToni. l.iVil. i0..11 l',.l...,. It'll, to Lulilll'lr. ' '/ 49 01 08.95 UiMiinrkH. N. S. 10.4 20.5 800 II. mm ;io. i.-io 21.7 •.0.5 / II 1!) 28 22. 00 78 54 4.1. 42 - 10 25. ;i3 -0.24 WW 1;). 741) •Jj.21.-. 20. 7 21.0 20.4 r.). 7 77 15 4!l. 48 20 :I4 33. :.o + 5 50. 97 -t 0. :!0 -10. 13 ucm uni liar 10. V7 •;-0. 17 08. 72 KIM 8324 92. !)> 1«. 070 18. n 14.7 14.2 17.4 73 42 2:1. 511 24 211 23.73 - 3 15. 10 -; 0. 25 ^1'"'' 49 01 08.73 Meau lutitiitlc (114 dolerinliiatioiis), 49° 01' 0 59 30.00 29. 08 Sf|iliinlMTilO. KiJiiUil. -:«o -.Vr.'Jlwr. 22. 027 If. 17'.l 1.'.. 14.7 10.3 17.0 38 0:1 38. 1 8 50 45 20. 17 + 1 10.311 -0. 85 -H). 1 3 88.00 rn7 7;iiiH ;io. .wo 'X !)7;l 14.7 10. 8 17.0 14.0 .')'.! 28 10.20 3H 52 03. ;.'.! -10 3i;.!:ii -0.12 -0.10 29. 09 7110 7 1.VI S.-1. (IH.'i 14. 44.-I i.-,.o 10. 17.0 13.0 1:2 03 Oil. 40 30 07 iO. 70 - 5 4". 75 10. rO -0.10 ;>0. 10 71-0 74b!) 18.233 2ii. Ibl 14.8 18.5 17. 5 13. B 45 .'.!( (10. 80 52 03 .',3. 01 - 2 02. .'0 tC 31 -n.03 29. 05 750S 7G05 17. Km 23. 800 17.0 15.3 1.5. 17.1 37 ,'.8 12. 31 1:0 00 20. 03 _ 8,52.73 -i-0. 04 -0.05 28. 3M 70S7 7CS« 22. 112'.) 17.U73 l.'i.l 18.0 10.9 14.7 25 10 .'.n. 18 72 34 47. 7^ j. 8 0.-., t-5 -1-0.47 -fO.OI 20. 34 773.'. 7703 17. 073 S2.eiO 13.0 20.0 m. 8 12.8 .'.8 47 34. 72 30 03 24. 18 + 8 .'=8. 04 -fO.OO -1-0. 05 88. 48 77:'7 7KI0 ir^.oei 82. 824 17.3 14.2 15.0 17.0 52 01 CO. 80 45 54 07. 00 + 1 40.08 -0.31 -f-o. 02 20. 93 B,'.r.,i C.-.8() 10.7;,7 S3.2.-I:) 13.8 14.8 19.8 12. 32 18 92.00 05 40 13. .58 - 2 .'.0. 71 +0. 85 -0. on 98. 32 .Sci)lenilM'r2l. 01124 OOfl 22. 4Cli 18. 1:8 14.8 12. 11.7 H.O 40 07 52. 85 57 40 34. 77 + 8 14.00 -i-0. 38 -)-0. 03 28. 82 1,72^ 074S IB. 338 S:i.C22 13.8 14.0 12. 8 12.0 43 25 37. (.7 54 40 .52. (15 _ 3 40. i;o -fO. 60 -0.07 89.89 o;f'0 (ii-17 20. 4.'>0 1!).4I0 18. 4 14.3 11.3 57 43 07. 00 40 10 .54. 10 - 39. 87 -1-0. .',3 -0.01 89. 88 0!);i7 C07U H.W.I 2.-1. 4ilO 11.0 18.0 10.0 08.0 30 s.J if;..'.o 01 41 50.70 - 5 38. 35 +1.32 -0. 10 99.47 7021 ■1)7.1 17. 440 22. 518 12.8 12. 8 13.5 lai 111 51 33. 12 30 02 10.10 + 8 37. 00 -0.9; -fO.OI E8. 52 72ir, 7a77 14. noo ai.7cu 11.0 12. 12.4 1.5. .57 07 45 43 4) 41 01.17 + 5 04. 07 -0. 18 -f 0.0.1 1 28.18 7330 7-Yr. 23IIJ 82.147 18. 3:10 11.1 17.0 15.8 10.0 38 00 30. 04 50 45 20. :>■' + 1 5 '.43 i n. 51 to. 01 ! 28.08 7:i77 7:iUd 30. .'i7.-i 10. 02.-1 14.1 13,0 13.0 14.1 .'0 28 10. 42 38 52 01. 50 -10 37.02 0.0; 1 -0. 1:1 20.1;i 7410 71 jl 2.-I. ."in 14.8-0 14.0 13.0 12.7 14.5 02 03 0:1.71 ■M 1.7 8 '. 03 - 5 <5.4! -\o.m -0.10 48 50 1.8.8:; m TtHI'Oirr OF TIIK VIUKV ASTIJ()N()Mi:i!. OhHcrvutiom for FAttltwk. — Slalion .V«. lli— Contiiiiicd. 14;*. 11 A.(;. No. IU-ihIIdks. Dccltnatlon, CoiTcctloiia. Luliloili', Iti'iimi'kH. MiCTDIIl. Lovel. Mrrlil. illst. fii.f. Mien 111. I.iv.l. i 0. 7(1 liifriio. U.il. tn UlCllll. N. 13 111. 1 S. 14.0 11.1 74Hn Ic. 333 aa. :io3 , / " l.t ,in 10. 00 38 03 34, 11 - a 03. 18 -0.03 It # tl 48 3J 20, liJ 1S0H 7(0,-| 11. 3-,n iia.ii,-j3 in. II 13. U 11. « 1.'..7 31 ,'8 13. 48 liO Uli 3U, 1!) - a ,18, 05 •t-0.80 -0. C5 81-, (13 lieu 81.143 n.ui-o II'. 13.8 18.8 13. S 85 I0 5a3.-i lil 34 48, 01 + a 0.1. 44 111. 33 -fO.04 80,09 •n.Vi 11(15 17. 41-5 a3. UM M.I 1S.1 ll.n 13.1 ,18 47 34,08 1 30 05 84,88 + 8.17.04 -f 0. lia -1 0. 05 81-, 84 lll'l 1800 10. 4oa aa. ujrj 14. 4 111. 13.0 .18 01 30 14 45,14 08,80 + 1 30.117 -1-0.(15 ■to.oa 88,91 1H50 1r8-J 18. !I01 as. ifii 13. 17.1 l.'..ll 18 41 ,10 1,1.47 10 8,1 on, -J^i - 8 18. 10 •f 0, ,'(i -0.11 •,0. 80 iniia as.a.'.o la.ijpo ia.a 80 17.8 00. 41 11 on. 01 ,Mi 8,1 30, .n t- 8 03. 51 -M.34 -(0.11 •y. m H)5fl 11P.f.-C ao. u'.i 1 14.7 111. 11.4 18.4 4!l 81 .10,118 4i3ll31.fa -1- 18. 07 -i-0, n 0.00 80. ,10 808:1 111. 8119 a4. uuu H.C 14.0 13. 8 13, a ,111 58 17. HI 41 83 1,1. i;3 i 3 41.47 1 1). 4;i f 0. 07 88.711 IS:lT,i 'J!, on la. XI.-I 11.0 l.'i. 7 13. .I 18,8 30 .37 44. 17 Ill 00 17.11.1 r 7 8li.l5 -in. 1-0 i n. 14 88. ao K114 a4. rii l.V leO 13.0 I.'.. 8 14.8 11.7 73 48 8.1. 38 1 8) -.0 84. .17 - 1 511. on -t-0. 51 -0. 10 80, 29 411 (i1 83. ,',77 lli.l.Vi 1.-. 7 13.7 18.0 14.0 (10 40 .11.04 37 lli 110.(13 - 3 31.117 t-0.70 -0. (11 89. 07 lao lis 10. 1411 311. 7:.'. 13.0 13. 8 14.8 13.11 38.13 01. -8 CI 87 la. Of - 10 : 0. 45 -0.88 -0. ao 80.03 a3. -.18 17. 001 llj. 8 11.4 10.3 1,5, 4 47 3.1 33. 10 ,10 III 48 Oil + 3 10.41 -1 0. ,in -j-n. on 87.88 S.VJ 87. 108 18. 0.1 13.0 1.-.. 14.0 11,0 (in ai 48, ('3 37 45,10.1,1 - 7 ,10. 00 1-0, HI -0,14 so.ao G. 13- Yr. 13 :i4,'i 111. liOl 81. 0111 14.0 00. I.', 1 17.0 117 on 14.08 30 4,1 10.81 T 3 17, 18 -1.C3 -f0.08 88..35 401 418 88. aro ii.aro 1.'.. 7 11.3 11.8 Iti. 1 28 01 41.33 110 M 48 00 + 8 411. 8; -0. '.O -i 0. 17 28. 08 lain vj;i 14. 778 ai..>3 10. .'. U.3 13. 3 10. 4 .17 07 4'i..11 4il 41 08. 18 -I- 5 04.28 -1-0. 81 i I', 00 a**. 80 Si'ptcnil crijn. riso 1-Yr. alius ai..i40 17. 7,-il 18.1 17. 1 1.-1. 1 lli. 8 ;'8 no 30.117 .10 41 81.114 + 1 57,81 -1 n. ^7 i 0,03 80. 51 1317 13BS 30. .'i.'18 0. ina 11. 11 80. !l 10. ,1 13. 1) 1 50 28 11.70 ; 31 58 04. Ill -in 3;l. 01 -i-ii.ii: -0. 10 80. 57 14 lU 1IJ3 a.n. 133 13. sno 81.1 1.->.1 18 K 18.7 : (18 01 no. 18 j 3(1 07 87.00 - 5 48 81 -1-1,18 -0.10 .30. 75 K< Ji-('l('(l. 17. 810 aa. li'.io 10.0 80. .'. Ml, ,"i 18.8 ] 38 l.-i 83.3- 1 (15 40 14.38 - a 50. 03 -i-0. 87 -0. 0'i 30. Cll Srptt'iiibi'r28. filial U(J81 aa.a7i 111. o;o ao.o 80. 7 10.7 10. i 40 07 ,13.51 ; 57 Jll : !). 11(1 (- a 13.41 -fl.85 -1-0. 01 ..... 28.31 ilCS CHS 111.871 23. :oo 18.3 88. 4 ',8. 3 ' 43 81 37.80 51 40 31.C8 _ 3 4(1.41 -II nj -o.r7 8-. 09 n:80 C811 80. ooa 10. 81 1 10.0 8>.0 83.0 19.0 ,17 41 n8.:'l 40 111 35 O: - 38. ^•:l 0.01 1 -o.ni 1 i 49 .111 80. If. ' i 1 ! I mi ii vm 1 ! '■ m ^ ^'4 1! II ii || ::tt L IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) & /. /^ ..<^^4p. ^/ ^^1<^^^^. :/. ^ ^ 1.0 I.I ■-1^ 12.5 :s ^ Ilia 1.8 1-25 1.4 «|.6 41 6" ► Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIM STRFET WEBSTER, N.Y. \4ism (716) 873-4503 r O J fc ^o c\ \ 6^ 144 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. Ohgervationsfor Latitude— Station Xo. 12— Contiuued. il I ■ B. A. U. No. Bmdlnfii. DeoHnatloii. CorrrcliiiDii. Latituilr. KvmaTliB. Micram. I^vol. Mcrill. Mlcroni. U'vrl. lUfhic. IlriL to mcrld. N. 8. d;>t. eixn 897P 14.763 as, 606 330 30.5 19.6 90.7 «. «. 1 It :i6 98 17. 43 61 41 58. (HI f n - 5 39.95 40.49 II -0.10 II f " 48 59 98.90 10',3 17.778 33.763 31.3 81.7 19.9 19.3 61 SI 34. K 36 03 11.16 + 8 34.04 -HI. 78 +0.04 88.31 T2I» 19T7 14.938 34.730 31 6 10.0 19.9 31.0 .17 07 4ft !l» 40 41 OlTiU + 3 oa 11 +0*3 +0.09 S8.s:i 7410 7433 SiSTl 13.937 SO. 8 18 18.0 30.7 «9 03 11.. 37 30 07 31'. 30 - 5 53.04 +0.03 -a 10 87. fS 8044 3a883 18.813 33.0 17.7 81.7 41 17 11.79 50 35 41. Hi -t- 8 00.00 +0 85 +0.14 37.10 Rr.|ect»l. WIS tww CO. 514 •jo.im 10.0 SO.O 31.0 80. 49 33 01.17 48 36 3^1 00 + 11.85 -a 44 +0.00 99.34 SOfS Bias in. OcO 30. OM 31.0 If. 4 19.0 31. S 56 3S SO. Id 41 33 11.51 + 3 39. .18 -0.95 +0.07 9fi. 93 8906 S6.8H3 13.540 19.0 80.7 31.0 19.1 30 37 40. 30 67 CO 30. 30 + 7 84.84 -0.09 +0.14 3a 14 8314 8;«4 34.081 15.300 90.3 19.3 19.9 80.7 n 42 37. 97 34 8li 33. 87 - 4 .-.1. 40 -0.95 -(MO 99.17 411 67 83.310 10. 467 90.9 17.0 10.1 33.8 60 49 5.1 48 37 l« 10. 10 - 3 '.•9. 89 -OlB9 -0.06 3l.!«i ItrjKCtud. ISO 173 0. (iia 30. .'*;i 33.3 16. 3 17.4 33.4 .19 at no. 81 65 37 l.-t. 07 -10 40.13 -0.47 -0.30 99.53 ine ■JIU I7.:iuu 20. 3 19.0 31.0 47 :i5 3.5. 73 U) 16 44. 13 + 3 18.67 -a 43 +0.06 38.83 850 i7.0f.| 13.414 •ja9 18.0 19 31.3 00 95 31.00 37 48 .'18. 13 -7 5'!?! -0.44 -0,14 39. 7H la-Yr. 73 343 16. 145 33.3ti:i 30.4 10.0 1^9 31.0 67 06 16.47 30 43 11.05 + 3 44. .'.8 -0.33 -H.07 88.38 401 438 SRl.W 11.338 31.3 10.0 19.3 38 04 49.64 69 30 46.47 + 8 44. 13 -0.89 +0.16 88.03 474 4H7 39:1 A60 I3.6H5 17. 8.-18 31.111 S7.H1I 31.0 90. S 10.5 19.1 30.0 90.3 31.3 31.8 48 04 3ft 79 47 59 15.03 .'« ai m. 30 50 10 01.31 - 7 49. 38 - 1 40.93 -0.35 -0.36 -0. 13 -0.03 39.30 3a 80 Alt KM 8.'.. 073 14.400 31.0 19.4 90.0 31.9 Kl 46 40. 3!l 34 8:181.01 - 5 31. 13 -0.9.3 -0.10 48 50 89.63 Mean lutitiiUu (.'.9 ili't«iminrti«nii|, 48o 50' 88".90, I = -t v.sta T - ± 0".339 •o = ± 0",«11 r,^± 0",047 1874. CNITKI) STATES NOKTllKKN BOUNDARY. Observations for Latitude. [AAtronomlcal SNtlon No. 11 — Frciichtnan'N Crrak, 463 milfs went uf ronih'na, Dakatn.— Obiwrvcr, J. F. Grfsiiry, Captain riiitod H'Atm Koginoers ZeiiUh 'Ifleacopit, WUrdmaiiti Nu. •^.'— Chrui)uni»li*r, Nu^iin Siiluieul Nt>. 1513.') a A. c. NO. Ri-adinga. Deolliiatlon. Corrfoliona. I,a:itil(lo. Uoiunrka Mlcrnm. I^Vl'l. M«rid. d.Bt. Microiii. I.OVfI. Ilffrac. llpil. Ill iu«>ritl. N. H. Kii:t 90.7.16 19. 34.'. IM 17.5 1J.0 13.0 m. «. 1 n 42 4H 19 M 55 00 SO. at + 43.83 +8,10 +0.01 ' ii 48 .> 08. 72 July 0. 540(1 30. .Wl 10. t^io 19.0 14 4 10.1 14. 5 5H 10 03. ,50 40 00 40. 09 -10 14. 15 + 1,98 -0.18 09.42 18. aij 14..'i 12.0 II.O 10.0 55 29 31. 43 <2 09 37. 93 + 8 34.03 -0. 05 +0. 15 09. ai ban 11. KMi if.K UI1 14.1 11.7 14. S 13.7 09 02 V. 07 ii 35 19. 85 + 9 1.5. 31 -0. 91 + 11. 17 08. 81 l.'i. ll.VJ a.-i.ii:ii< 14.0 U.0 13.0 14.0 42 27 51. 05 53 3B 02.05 - 4 4a 4,5 0.(0 -0.08 08. 12 .w.i:i Mi. •,'.-.. 071 15. ll.VI Hi. 1J.8 10.2 14.0 31 54 19. 5S 63 52 11. Bit + 4 43.29 +1.03 +0. 09 HI. 14 soil a;. ti!i7 I'J. !I07 10.0 11.1- 10.9 1:1. 5 49 49 37.09 4«2l 59.119 - 7 39. 42 + 1.80 -0.11 10.04 CO-.I ao.Kii 10. 010 11. II 11. 5 I.V 4 72 12 14.3.-. 20 04 14.32 -10 15. Or -0.31 -0.20 08,74 . 191 14.5 1.-..2 14 12.5 70 .58 .W. 39 3.1 47 42. 3.1 + 4 57. 93 +0 71 + 0.11 09, 15 Oion 14.MH1 ao.iOT 11.5 10. H 14.4 12. 3 79 .58 .50, 54 17 43 47. 93 4- 5 47.94 +0.98 HO. 13 o-,™ i n-.ii," C-Jrlt 11.471 SO. 73 1 IILO 10. 5 11.4 13.0 19 20 19.90 58 43 3a Ii8 - 6 51.90 11.10 -0. 12 08,60 14.07r> ail. 00)1 11.5 17.1 14 H 12.1 .59 87 .59. 94 38 15 00.73 + « 41. .58 + 1.05 +0. 11 09,57 Mai WTii M. Cfll 17.1 11. 11 12 9 17. 5 49 17 31.18 4^ 42 04. 42 _ 1 38.IHI -0.112 -0.02 0».8fl 6.VV-1 i«. rill •J4. ;l4.'s 9«u 6624 6vei (it! 17 6«in (MVS eoin cg;u 7024 707:i 7100 TlC(i 7a IS Tin; TWO 7-Tr. !i:i»5 n-r, T4I« ^iM 74fO 74«l 7r.or. 7."ii;ti -,:>K taa 7(157 7(W(i 77.Vi 770:) 77r'7 7r00 7620 7883 7007 7943 Tooa euti4 96.E4U ia.s!ii 10.091 1(1. 0(1.1 S4. S'.it< 21. ftO.'i 10. 4;t< l.\ 70(1 26. i;iu S2. .^eo iu.::ti 13. .'•>» 2ti. !'C1 13.87.'. 28. ii;5 10. Oa.'i 21. e.V.1 n.fifli 31.771 in. (ISO 81.231 20.(197 10. 140 33. 0i>7 0.240 27. IfO 13.003 17. 751 24. 027 1.273 l(!..'i(]H 34. 187 0.107 90, em 10. 1'.IO 10. S'll 22. (04 90 ','.".0 21.110 Il.2.-|.'i 20. 4'.7 11.100 20. s;ii 97. .'.38 14. 37cl Level. N. S. 1.V7 l&O 10. 6 17.0 18.3 20. ,^ 19.0 10.0 19.0 10. a 19.3 17.8 19.4 10.0 18. n 18.3 10.8 ID. 5 19.(1 22.3 23.0 21.4 20.5 24. 99.0 23.0 91.8 24.0 9:1.0 24. 3 24. 93.7 2.'i. 24. 2:1. 23.0 91.0 24.4 22.8 03.5 2.1.0 23.0 2.1. 8 91.6 17.6 17.4 1«.8 20.0 19 8 17.9 10.0 S0.0 90.0 10.9 19.2 20.5 18.8 81.8 £0.0 20.4 19.7 20 99.7 19.1 92. 2 90! 8 20. .'■ 22. 2 23.fi 20.5 89.0 91.9 83.(1 80.7 92.0 92.4 23. 23. 5 92.0 23. 21.2 24.1 20.0 22. 3 24.0 23.0 24.0 24.0 as. 9 8&7 Merid. ditt. DccUnation. Corrcctloua. Uicrom. 59 87 SX 31 M 15 01.07 40 17 31.54 48 48 04. 70 39 IS 12.58 15 45 50. 01 40 07 41.20 57 40 20.31 43 2R 2.\70 54 40 30.80 57 49 54. 97 40 16 43.00 47 36 21.90 Ml 3;l 47. 29 36 88 07.67 61 41 4:1.48 61 SI 20.36 30 02 02. 13 49 45 43. 97 I 55 33 33. 37 57 07 33. 98 40 40 5:1. 22 38 00 39. 19 59 45 09.41 59 97 69. 80 38 SI 5(1. 07 69 02 .19. 09 36 07 21.09 45 .19 02.24 59 03 43. (M 37 ."H 06. 99 37 42 92. (14 CO :i9 14.32 60 06 90. 99 95 19 .17. 17 79 34 38. 52 I 58 47 97. 06 I 39 03 20. H 52 01 23. .14 43 34 02. 87 48 .10 09. 71 49 25 09. 97 74 42 48. 40 22 S4 10. 04 41 17 06.73 50 95 34. 62 + 6 49.61 - I 39.40 - 3 56. 86 + I O-i. 87 - 4 S3. 02 - 1 39.37 - 6 .13. 10 - 6 45. .17 + 1 98. 03 -11 Se.(i7 4- 3 5(1. 49 4- 46. 37 -11 49.51 - 7 01.74 - 3 14.93 - B 09.10 - 4 06. 14 + 50. II -f 1 4.1. 80 + 96. 78 - 83,5:1 + 40. 20 + 6 48.79 Level. u -0.S0 -0.04 +'.( 95 -o.jg -0.16 -0. ,'8 -1.1« -0. "C -0.99 +0. 54 -0.25 +0.38 +0.00 +0.38 +0.54 4-0. 65 +0.47 +0.76 -0. 51 -0. 65 -0.30 -0. 45 -0.47 Reiyoo. Ited. tn uieii. 979 14. 784 3<>. 331 13. 137 M U3I 30.804 13 917 37. 783 i:>. 441 3-1. 043 18.304 33. ;i34 33.436 17. Ow'O 17. IIH 3i 973 30. 498 30.NJ7 LI. 0.11 3.V45U li;. 449 34. f 93 17.391 23.769 11.130 30. 058 14 .VK) 35. 815 I 33.693 17. 519 N. 33.0 30.6 33.6 30.0 33.7 31. '.I 31.7 34.4 93.3 34.0 33.5 33. U 34.8 33.3 33.4 34. 3 S.%. 4 3:1. :i 8.-..7 34 3 31.7 35. 4 •a. 9 31.0 37. 3 34. 5 9.1. 5 31). 3 3.1.0 37. 5 i>4.0 a.j.8 3.1.8 •.;4.o 36.0 33.1 3.1.5 36.0 34.0 37.9 lfl.3 31.5 30.3 33.4 30.7 33.0 39 19.3 31.6 30.11 31.7 33.1 al.3 34 7 3:17 33.0 33.0 3.'i. 3 33.3 34 7 3:1.5 •J3 II 31.8 41.8 30 » 34. (P 33.3 35. 5 34 31.5 31.5 31.3 34. H 37.0 24. H 3ll. li 90.0 3.1. 8 311. 5 3.1.8 Mrriil. illm. Ofrlhintinii. CnrrectioiM. Miuruiu. .18 IK 40 00 55 39 43 (Jfl m 03 38 :i5 43 37 55 38 31 .14 65 .13 49 49 Jrt 33 73 13 3i> 04 ill 5« 30 47 79 .18 17 45 39 36 .18 43 33 18 115 4li 40 07 .17 10 43 35 51 40 01. 51 41. OU 34. 43 38.88 29. 70 30.73 .19.67 0:1. 13 40. .1:1 13. 08 38. 80 10. 39 3.1. 67 1.1. 3« ;i9. 73 4.1. 37 51.91 4H. 93 21. 34 40.11 13. .VI 1.0. 15 43. 39 31. 15 S6. h:i 40. :il .17 13 ; 10 III . 47 :i6 50 :i3 .■16 38 61 41 61 51 30 U3 43 45 .15 33 .17 07 40 40 ;I8 09 .19 15 93. 411 4 J. 41 08. 70 44. 05 31. .14 0,1.17 41.311 31. 53 .1.1. 01 .14. 39 :«. 34 II). .15 - B 30. 11 -flO 36.91 H 11 07.70 - 9 .•11.78 + 35. 43 - 5 47. .1:1 ■ -)-0. 74 I.VV1I. -1-0. 40 •(0.11 40.4J ! I.(i7 -; 0. 1-9 - 8 23. 01 -I- 51.. n -t- 7 41.75 - 4 58. 37 - 3 0.1. 18 (-3 10. 35 •- 3 01. 87 ■j0 25 -fO.07 +0.09 -fO.47 40 8!! -fO.06 +1..19 -I- 11.46 I I l.:w - 5 114. 3i - 4 .1:1. 4 J f 3 31.2:1 •4 1.56 000 -0. 45 - 9 :1.1. 83 -0.07 ( 9 40. 72 : -I 0. .Kl Itrrnv. -0.15 +0.18 -f 0. 91 -0.0:1 +0. 13 -0.10 -0. lU +0.15 +0.19 -0.00 -0.04 -f0.05 -0.0s 0.00 -0.08 -0.09 -fO-06 -0.17 +0.10 +0. 05 liril. to intTld. ! Utitnde. Bemtrkii 49 00 09. ro July III. 0.t. 87 03.54 03.11 03.94 03.08 09. .17 03.14 0144 03.78 0-1.51 0:1.93 03.18 09.91 03,56 o.%ia 0:1 19 OXX, 03.37 49 00 OH. 91 REPOUT OF THE CUIEF A8TRONOMEU. Obncrratiom for Lat'Umle. — Station JVo. 14 — Coiitinui'il. 14U 11. A. I'. Ko. Reidtngi. DcvIIUHtlou. Coirecliaim. Latitude. Iteniark^ Micro 01. U'Vll. Mrriil. Uirrum. Lrvfl. RclVac. Kod.to morid. N. H. diBt. 7177 73!I8 lU.KKi a4. 1 :io.o 88.0 88.0 tn. •. 50 98 W. 114 38 51 :.8. 08 - 57. 19 -fa 78 -0.18 " 4!) 00 09.96 ... j 7<10 74.-.3 an. 84(1 i5.!itie so. 7 •J7.0 2fi. 8 80.5 :::::: 63 03 00.21 36 07 88.11 - 5 09.01 +0. '.0 -0.09 03.86 7^^U IP. Hll 30.3 KO.H 84.1 ai-. 1 4.1 5!) C3. 33 58 03 4U. 13 - 1 88.81 + 1.09 -0.08 08.90 isn.'i i.'ins 71,01 s. 7na 17. Illlil 3'J DM 7.04'J 32.3 8«.0 Sfi.O 23.0 30.0 30.0 37 .'p8 08.01 37 48 8.3. C.li 60 38 I.V 48 «0 08 28. on - 7 16.!K1 - 8 13. fe HI. 18 -(I. 13 -0.04 03.74 0185 77.VS -r.e: 17. 157 SH. 1!IJ :m.o UU.0 80.8 31.0 58 47 88. 11 a» 05 81. IB -\ 3 3^. .13 -0.40 -r0.0fi 08.83 77r-» 7cc;o IH. 44!1 Si!. !).'iO Sfi.8 •ue.v 30.0 8;'.0 WOl 84.57 4."i 54 03. 87 H a 19.81 -0.51 -fO.03 03. 55 7KH) ia.!ll7 27. ,'K)3 87.7 se.c '.n.7 88.0 48 rO 10.71 49 8.-. 01. W - 7 33. 08 -0.31 -0.13 09.81 7!l()7 7!H.-> f. ;>r.\ 30. till 88, .'V .80. 4 8K0 :io. 8 74 4 J 4". 3.-. 88 54 11.46 4 1 1 3.-1. 86 -0.74 -10.85 03. 17 1 7n(ia 1 tOJI 8S.5S6 11.7li4 87.8 at. 7 89.0 87.1 41 17 07. f,6 r.6 8.-. 3.-.. 7.-. -)- 8 4». 68 -fit. 18 -f0.15 08. 78 1 1 HO'IC 8U.i!l 19. 4CU 21.047 ;ao 8:i. 7 84.0 31.0 49 81 .Ml. 7.1 48 36 89. 17 4 49.81 40.83 +0.C2 03.04 , r.971 sa 347 If. 3i:i 17, » Si7 17 5 13.0 48 48 i:0.81 5J (III 87. 86 -t a 36. 37 -18. 85 -. (1. 04 02.39 July II Ml.-i MIJU 8f'.«S7 14 M3 IH.O 17.3 18.3 111. 8 58 16 04. 69 40 00 41. 17 - 8 19.93 -0.68 -0. 15 oia:i Rsna 5,VJ3 10,873 30.443 18.!) 18. U 18 (1 lit. 8 55 89 34. 08 48 09 39. U7 i 10 86. .14 -0. :« ,0.18 03.84 1 mm 0. 7l:i 3I.VU4 in.o lu.a 19.0 19. 7 69 08 29. 9(1 88 30 811. Ih! i 11 07 ,> -0.11 ,('.81 03.00 ' »H«4 1 beM 17. .vm 83. l!i:l 20,3 10.5 If. .'. 19.3 48 87 58. H9 55 :I8 03. ,17 - 8 56. .13 -f 0. 45 -0 05 C2.0' 1 Wi) 87.378 14.063 20.8 20,8 H.S 19, 5 31 .'.4 49.74 65 58 13. 35 -1 6 34.97 -rO.87 i 0. 18 03.00 Ttttr,:\ Sltl I 8.-..P4I u.o 1<. 803 St7. U '!.-> at. (1 aio an. 1 88.0 79 S" .12 a 1 17 4.-. 49 14 1 7 40. 48 -j-9.78 -H).19 o.'.o; (i-Jrll 1\487 il.V 111) 2?. 8 84.0 88. 80,4 39 a« 91. .-3 5,'! 43 40, 41 - 4 .19.30 -t-0.85 -0. 09 08. .14 63(i:i ii.n4.t Ki'.4l'lj SI. 4 85.2 23,0 1», 8 50 a7 54. 71 38 15 08. 33 -1- 8 ;a8,-' -t-0. 85 -fO. 15 (13. 40 MSI s\iir 311. 51 J 8:1 5 83.6 21.8 8i.O 49 17 38. 91 48 48 06. 19 4 18.87 ,0.71 0.0) 03.57 6M;i 65Hri 18. :a 1 sal aj.8 21,0 a.i.u 38 18 13.83 65 46 00. 5i - 8 01. 78 , ('. 67 -(I.f4 4 1 00 (.3. J 1 150 UNITED STATES NORTBBUN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. Obserratiuua for Latitmle. — Station So. 14 — Contiiiaed. ri a A. c. No. een 67SS 6748 ffl?0 6tll7 (ISIO CMIS flM7 6970 70S4 707:i 7100 7106 791S 7«7 7380 7Tr. 1U85 7S77 7308 7410 74KI 74m 7489 7505 750A 7505 760S 7837 7755 7785 7757 7800 7mo -.88!! 7907 '■945 8034 8030 8050 Reading*. Ulcrom. 83.459 17.805 I7.S84 S3. 131 90.338 •M. 731 1S.8JS SS.984 l.\4S3 34. 917 17. 74P 34.188 10.8(13 39.410 I4..V>7 35.777 33.438 ia355 SO. 8.15 10. 8'.>0 35. 5M 15. 570 10. 053 21.707 a. 950 lasne 33. a.'ia 7.349 33.549 17.383 17.993 34. 379 18.600 3a053 13.889 87. 934 H..->00 30.755 99.185 13. 454 19.993 9a 871 Level. 34.0 34.8 3.15 35.9 34.7 94.8 34.0 37.0 34.3 34.7 33.7 38.0 34.0 34.8 94.8 33.9 37.0 33.5 93.4 37.1 95.4 34. H 94.3 36.0 85.9 30.0 S.-i. 4 85.0 34.7 36.5 88.7 35.0 97.1 93.8 98.0 87.0 38.0 87.0 30.1 33.7 97.0 8&0 99 J 9:- 4 94.0 33.0 &3.8 SI.O 95.0 33.0 34.7 s:4.o 3.\V 93.3 34.1 3a 8 93.8 34. U 31.4 96.8 98.5 31.8 93.8 94.5 94.7 S3.3 9:1.8 93.7 34. 3 95.0 35.0 9J.7 93.9 •a. 4 9a 3 90.7 94.7 94.0 95.0 24.4 31.8 19.0 95.8 34.7 Meitd. dUt. Comet loLi. DcellnatioD. I Uicrom. I 40 07 43. 88 57 40 31.83 43 85 97, 18 ! 54 40 40.71 ' .'■7 43 55. K9 40 18 45. 01 47 38 33. 70 ' iO 33 48. 80 30 S8 09.01 i 01 41 45.04 01 51 21.93 30 03 0a51 ; I 49 45 44. 72 i 55 33 34.91 .'.7 07 :i.'i. .■» . 40 40 54. 85 38 09 Xt. .W ! 50 IS 10.94 .'.9 S'* 01. 3> 38 5L .V.37 83 03 '. CO 30 U7 23. 45 45 :.9 nx Oil 53 03 48. 50 .■17 .IS 08. 38 j 37 4-J 24. 00 I CO :13 15. -9 CO UU 23. 46 : 95 1!) .-,8.39 i 73 31 39.93 58 17 28. 47 39 05 21. 51 .Vi 01 24.93 45 ,54 04. 33 | 43 .50 11.07 49 25 03. 31 74 49 49. 09 33 54 11.78 41 17 07. 99 56 35 36. 07 49 31 .'i7. 09 48 30 29. 50 + 3 59. 98 - 3 01.04 + 13.91 - 5 0a84 - 4 5a 08 -f- 3 80.23 - 9 30. 1'l + 5 48. 83 t- 8 40.69 - 9 ,57. :o - 5 C9. 33 - 1 33. 44 7 10. J5 3 l:i 54 + 3 4a 81 + 3 37.33 (-3 18.14 - 7 34. 03 H-ll 31.31 + 8 39.71 + 49. 03 Level. +0.91 +0.70 +0. .-18 +0.76 +0.04 +0.13 +0.20 -0.04 +6.49 +0.97 +0.43 +0.49 +0.78 4o.si +0.S0 +0.54 +0.33 +a96 +0.80 +0.71 + 1.05 Itornic +0. 05 -O.W 0.00 -0.08 -0.09 +0.06 -0.17 +0.10 +0.05 -0.18 -0.09 -0.08 -0. 13 -0.04 +0.05 HO. 00 +0.03 -a 13 +0.35 +0.15 H-0. 03 HmI. to meriil. LstltDile. 49 00 oa 16 03.71 O.L 04 0a23 03.09 oa 14 oa7i oa30 oa 43 03.43 03.53 oai3 04. 27 02.34 0a38 03.91 oaoi 03. fO aaog 03.00 49 00 oa 38 Renurkt. Mean latitadv (86 tletormiualioiu), 40<> 00' 09".95. f = 0".4.54 T = 0".:lfl3 t„ = 0."0.'i6 T, = 0".C37 : 1874. UNITED STATUS NORTH HUN BOUNDAUY. ObHirratiottH for Ldlitude, (Attmnomlral Station No. IS— Kant Fork of Milk UItit. .is:! nilirn wmt uf I'l'inMiia.— Obnrrvrr, J. F. nrriiory, CaptalD Unit04l StatoH EDginoen.— Zvuith TeluHi'iiiio, WUrdfmanu No. U(>.— Cliron4l 6476 6M3 KxC 6694 6198 614ti 6780 C8I7 6830 6l< 14.7W !n.5»l l.VOOO iX ii51t 12. PJO I19,3-J3 SO. 600 sa.»t>i lii.4.4<6 15.460 U'VA. 17.3 81.7 19.0 90.0 90.5 19. U ao.9 19. U 91.1 1:!.4 99.0 lao 90. 19.5 90.0 90.5 90.7 90.9 90.7 91.6 90.7 Si.0 9*^ 1 19.5 90.1 99.5 91.0 8^0 93. 1 91.0 91.0 81.4 91.9 99.3 99.4 91.9 3.-1. 9 90.0 15.8 18.0 1&7 19.1 19. 8 19.0 90.9 18.7 91.5 18.0 99.0 90.0 91.0 SO. 6 30.5 90.7 9a i 91.0 90.7 91.9 90.7 90.4 93.4 93.0 91.3 93.0 99.1 91 93.5 99.4 91.4 93.5 94.5 98.0 91. U > erld. illau Declination. Cori'cctions. 49 97 .M.61 .'i.'. 3H 04. 14 31 .'.4 41.40 K> .VJ 14.94 79 19 :i6. 99 96 Ul 16. 38 76 ,W 41.10 90 47 44. 39 79 :fi X\. 33 11 45 49. t<4 39 96 99. .'« 58 43 41. UO 59 97 5.'.. (-9 38 15 03. 39 49 17 .14. 10 *i 4J 07. 3- 39 18 14. f 6 65 4li 01. r9 40 01 43. 77 57 46 91.1'J 41 95 98. 40 54 40 49. 03 57 49 57.9; 4il IC 40.91 47 3(i 94. 04 SO 33 50. 10 36 98 10.29 61 41 46.41 61 .'.1 23.30 :i6 09 04. 69 4-; 45 4(1. 00 55 33 :K>. '.8 57 07 3li. 77 40 40 5-1.99 38 09 3t. PI 59 45 19. 34 .59 98 09. 79 38 51 59. t>9 69 03 09. 0!) 30 07 83. 69 Mirironi. Level. Kefroc. -8 58. 94 j +0. 71 I -0. 05 I ! +6 33. 13 +0.51 j -i^O. 19 -8 94. t-4 +0. 3:1 j -0. 16 I I +6 49.38 0.00 ' +0. 14 ! i +7 39. 39 -0. 10 ' 40. 18 i 1 -5 00. 04 I 0.00 I -0.09 I ' +6 38. 63 -0. 33 +0. 15 -fO 11.03 -0. 13 ' 0.00 I -9 00.94 +0.0 J -0.04 i +9 .'i8.e.l , +0 13 tO.05 I -3 03 49 : +O09 -0.05 +0 10.05 I -0.49 OOO -5 0,5.30 -0.11 -0.08 i I -4 56.31 -0.97 -0.0!> ! +3 18.03 -0.47 +0.06 i -9 38.36 -0.09 -0.17 4 5 40. 9'; -O..Vi -to. 10 -(0.01 -0.18 -0.00 Red. tn moiid. +9:».oi -0.56 -0 se. .59 -0.83 -5 10.91 -I..T9 Lalilmic 40 00 01.30 oi.se 09.01 08.83 00.99 01.99 09.00 01.64 09.08 09.52 01.60 01. «8 01.56 01. ni 01.61 02.59 09.14 09.11 01.61 40 00 01.83 Kemarlu. July IS. 152 UNITED STATE8 NOUTIIKRN UOUNDAUY COiMMISBION. ObnerratioHD for Lnt.tudc. — Station Mo. IC — Contiiiiu'd, \i Itrndliigt. Micn>ni con OIM KIIH KMii Mia WiKI WSJ Hen UMIS fim7 •0S4 •U73 7100 7llili Tsi:. 7«; 7:wi 7-Yr.!J.,o:i 7377 7.11i8 58:«3 .'lOil f047 t>07:l nut 0107 ISOO ■.'1. u-,0 18. .'IHI i4. im:< 27. -JM K. :m 96. (ilWl M.rOS •>. 1 7(1 •J7. -Jlfl i:i.(ia<.i !!7. Plf. I.M:4I •j:>. :u:i li .'111 •Jll. 04(i •JO :oi ao. h;,c IK IMO Si '.Id I •.•:i. o;io 17. K« I7.;.i:i it. VV) •:o.!);ii ai. a(i4 I.V WiO •j.\ 7-a 10. inr> s!.'i. oai 17. 7!i0 I a4. 107 11. HIT :iO. 437 WOrf ao. '^7 23. .V31 1.^. 400 ;'0. 711.-. 11.434 2<1. .'311 !.•>. 3.11 an. oai rj. 4111 13. .-^7 27.101 13. 131 rt.'.lll L- rrl. X. 24. 2 III. II IH. t* 1H.7 III. no 111. H ll<.0 17.0 21. J l!>. 2 III. II 20. 2 111. a III. 7 I'.l. I 10. 3 •JO 11). 2 •JO. (i 111 .1 U>.7 IH. a l:i.3 20.0 17.3 in.o 31.3 10. n 'JO. 4 21.0 111. s •JO.fl III. 7 31.7 III. II •JI.O I •Jll. 4 ! 13. » i II. 22. .1 37.1 10. 1 IH.II 17.7 lll.O 111. n 21. 2 •.0.4 21.0 21.4 17.7 •JO. 111.0 111.2 •Jll. 4 •;o. 21.0 20. A 111 B •Jl. I •JO. I 21.0 •JU.4 21.4 20.3 m. 'ja. 3 20.0 21.0 21.0 111. 21.0 ■JO. 111.4 22 21.0 ICJ. 4 20.0 •J2. 22. •J-AC I.'.. 6 10. Mrllil. llllt. l.'i. 4 0.4 1,1 •20.4 n.o 1.V7 10. r. 13.1 14.8 13.0 14.0 10. Dm-IIiihIIuii. ' " 45 .'ill 0.'>. 03 aa U.1 47. Hi 43 i1 M. 70 a M 01. 3;i 31 114 41. .10 05 52 14. 45 411 40 40.31 48 -.a 01. 117 72 I J 37.84 £0 Ul IU..15 70 ,'H 41.34 20 47 44. 48 70 S8 iO. .58 17 45 411. Oil 39 -JO 22. 78 58 43 41. bO .V.I 37 .50. 15 38 15 03. Ill 40 17 34. 30 48 4'J 07. 03 32 18 I. von 05 40 J. 00 40 07 44. 03 57 40 23. 42 43 •JS 28. 08 51 40 4J.33 ,57 42 .57. .53 40 10 40. 48 47 30 84. 33 50 33 .'•o. 40 30 98 10. 48 01 41 40.73 C\ 51 3.1. 02 'M 02 04. 110 42 45 40. 97 55 3:1 30. 511 .57 07 37. 1 8 40 40 .50.21 X 3.5. 12 .50 43 I'J. 03 .5!) 28 03. 01 38 51 5 '. 10 40 43 40. 43 48 -.2 01. W 72 12 37. 48 %e 04 10. 73 70 .58 41.00 •.0 47 44.01 -9 58 .53. 81 17 45 M. 10 CorrtTllnni, Mlrnini. - 1 2:1. ,vi -2 .'.7.^J1 -[0 3.1. 57 -3 48. 13 -8 24.00 +0 48.91 +7 311. .Ill -5 110. 44 +8 3^2.07 +0 11.03 -2 00. 40 4 2. -,8. .'5 - 3 0:1. 02 40 10.110 -5 04.70 -4 .I*. 43 [3 I8.0'l -0 3". 30 (5 40.01 -19 ;l8.t9 - .V. 01 ~ 5 18. 00 -8 9:t.7.-. li.frai' I..'V.l. -1.2:1 -0. (0 40. 04 -l.OS -0.80 0.00 -p. 18 -0. 14 -0.40 -0. ^25 0. :ii 0. 04 -0.05 Itril. In nivild. Lattliiilc. -0.05 4 0.19 -0.10 -0. 10 10. 14 jO 18 -0. c« tO. 13 0.00 -0.04 -1.03 I 0.00 ' -0. 03 -0.08 -0. I -0.18 l.^JO -0.10 1 -'J. :iij -0. 10 10 40. •J2 -O.^JIl fO 14 0.02 I 40 ro 01.1,3 01.11 01.7:1 01.07 01. v:i 01. uo 01. 18 01.75 01.01 01.78 01.7:1 01.83 01.40 01. '.14 01.87 02. 15 OJ. 15 0-J. ^0 ll-J. Ill 12. 45 01. 117 01.80 fO. 8:1 02. 2- -(0.07 -0.09 -O.'JK 10.00 -0.07 -0. 17 -0. nil i 10 -o.::o 10.01 11 47:19.11-0.40 10 18 41 CO 00.80 llimorkii. July 10. Jnl.v 17. ItKl'OItT OV TIJK ClUKV ASTUONOMHIJ. Ohnerratiom for Ltitituik. — Slalion Xo. \H — ritiitiiitiHl. 15:j 11 A. C. No. llnullnxii. Mioraiii. I*OVI»I. SIlTill. diat N. M.5 11.4 8. 11.3 11.7 A.1I8 9M7H M. 9. mm H.8 10.0 15.0 a I'll m.ni'.i 8i,;i)iii III. n II.O 14.7 17.7 ll,Wl C.'>I0 SI 1. ia IK.O 17.0 15.8 III.H Gei; •i\. 1:14 t!l. 44H l«.n l-.O lao 111.D win in. 014 ■J.-I. HM 10.7 17.0 17.0 17.0 in. no I.V 7 lif.il 10.5 in.o 7(i-:i 17.741 •J I. 11:1 17.7 III. II IH. 1 HI. 3 IKK) 7ii;ii in.'JM •ii. «.i;i 10. .■) li'.7 10.0 IKO 7Ji:. 7J77 i.'i. 4Ka 1^.7 10. :l 17.0 '."1. 1 O 7«0 . 7.Vi.ii;iu:i MX :ril If. iii in. ,•> 17. H ■iU. 7:i77 30. 7J J 1 1. 4.1.1 111. 17. H I'.O 31.0 7410 2.\ !iai 15. i.lUit 1^4 111.6 '.■0.4 111. H 74HO 74-!) 10 475 lii I'J7 lA.'l l!ll. 20.0 19.7 7,m-i 7605 :i. ri9 7. 707 10.0 III.O 80. .'1 l!fl.« SO. 7 81.4 81). a SU.4 1 nts-tinulioii. O f tl lei 80 8.1. oj .VI 4;l 4i.ll IW 87 .-lO. 41 M 15 OX H7 10 17 34. 0.! 4« 48 01. 118 111 lit I.V 38 05 4ll 0.'. 48 40 07 44. 31 57 41! 8;i. 7:1 4:1 85 •.^'. Oli .'>4 411 48.04 .'i7 48 57. 1-4 40 1« 4ii. 77 47 ,11-. 34.114 .'lO 3 1 HI. 7U 311 a-i 111. 70 01 41 47.0.-. 01 51 81.05 :iO OJ O.'i. 84 48 45 41; no .'i5 J3 311. 03 57 07 37.11 40 10 :i6, 51 3H 00 3,"i. 48 50 45 18.07 .VI a- 03. 30 ■M 58 00. 80 113 01 08.110 :iO 07 84. 84 45 .'.!) fl.K 113 58 03 1-. 40 .37 .V 10. IH 37 \) 8.5. M (10 3J 17 70 00 00 81. 10 HfUMom. ('orroiilon«. I.t»viil. lii'tViir -3 00. 03 Ui'il. Ill liti'l ill. UiHiiiIp. rniiiirlis. ■ -0.0U -o.n i I (-8 3;. 80 -0.71 : H'-l-"" ; I (0 10. 78 0.51 00 -8 O.VH -0.1-7 , -0.04 -I 8 57.37 10.110 ' I 0.05 i -3 04.01 jO. .'14 ; -0 05 I 10 00.75 -5 05 01 -i .v.. 78 -l-n 17. HI -9 30.05 -(5 15 08 -13 3^.73 -0 50. 17 -5 10. 13 - 1 '.'I. 55 -7 18.30 -3 11.0:1 0.00 0.00 -0.07 -0.08 0. 18 -0.09 0. 08 +0. on II. no -o.n 0. (19 ■ho. 10 0. 45 (0.04 0. 58 -0.18 0.41 -0.00 0.1; -0.08 Mean InliliiiUi (H3 ili'timiinu loiiiii, 49° 00' 01".8ii, I 0-. 487 T - O'.VW-' I. 0". 051 T, _ C'.OJO -0.13 * 49 03 01.70 01.15 01. ,V8 ' 03.11 I I 03.01 I 01.08 I I 03. a5 1 01.58 03.07 01.87 01.91 I 0.>.3n 03.51 I I 01.85 I 08.74 I'wJ.cti'll. I 03.00 49 00 01. 89 jl 1874. UNITED STATES KOllTUEUN BOUNDAUY. Ohserraliona for Lalitude. [▲itrononloal BUtiun Ko. It— Uilk ]liTi8 mlloa wi'Ht of I'pinblna.— Obarrrcr, J. K. nrpmir.v. (°iii>laiii Uiillnl BlaU's £iiglno«n.— Zcuilk T«lr«'u|H', WUidt'niauii Nu. UO.— Ckrunuiutlir, Nrgui Sidrnutl No. 1513 J aA.G. Ko. RowllDK*. Duollnntion. Cumctiona. I.«tltuilc. O ( II 48 59 54.71 Remarki. Levi'l. McTtll. Dllt. Mlorom, LOTOI. -0.43 Iloftnc. -0 05 Ri'il. to lUlTlU. N. H. M144 SUSij 17.641 16.0 17.5 16.4 17.0 m. «. * •/ 42 27 .^5 03 65 38 0.\62 - 3 05. 14 Jul; U. Ma 5!«) Sfi.813 14. 36'.! 17.1 l&l 17.0 ltf.6 31 .54 42.71 65 52 l.'i.OS + 6 90. 45 -0.09 ■1 0. 19 .'.... 79 «t>.V1 sou 86.146 14.7iW 18.0 KI.S 10.0 81.0 49 40 41.67 48 88 0:i. 17 - 5 94.68 -1.99 -0.10 56. 35 6047 W7a S8.S87 ii.taj 10.0 171 Sl.l 210 72 12 3H. 90 86 04 17.6(1 - 8 31.30 -1..16 -0.10 S.VS0 6157 13.611 86. 547 17.5 81.0 '-•5.0 18.1 70 58 43. 01! 20 47 4."i. 70 4- 6 41.63 -0.30 +0.14 &'i.gg 6806 6845 l'J.014 87. 457 18.0 80.4 81.6 10.1 49 5^1 .'i.'i. ;15 17 45 51. 19 + 7 31.75 -0 51 +0. 18 84.69 6964 6«rt) 15. 3M 85. 303 ID. 7 10.8 10.7 20.7 3» 86 84. 42 58 43 43. 11 - 5 66. 94 -o.ai -009 55.40 6ni8 6363 19.366 2H. O.W 10.5 17.7 20.6 82.6 .50 27 5-1. 09 38 15 0.">.30 + 8 8.%. 40 -1.34 -rO. 15 .\5.D6 e4';>i 6476 80. M5 ao.685 10.8 10.7 SO.H 80.4 49 17 36. 22 48 42 09. 50 + 02.80 -a 38 0.00 M.8« 6n.vi 6586 16. 463 88.787 IR. 5 10.7 21.0 SO. 1 32 18 16.71 65 46 04. 16 - a 11.32 -0. 05 -0.04 5.'.. 49 6634 6681 83.670 laiso 17.8 80.4 ai.6 20.0 40 07 45 65 57 46 85. 57 + 9 51. 10 -0.80 +0.05 56. IS 67OT 674S 17.173 83.350 lii.S l.'0.7 81.3 19.5 43 85 30. 57 54 40 44.37 - 3 11.68 -0.30 -0.05 S5.18 67eo 6*17 ao.iHM so. 093 80 7 17.7 10.5 22.8 57 42 50.61 40 16 48.30 + 09.81 -0.87 0.00 55.32 6630 6ij 741(1 74KI 74MO 74^0 1!m 7.W5 76«7 7(iii6 Uictuui O.V Ml ISAtlU I!) 94n MlllO a K(i7 IH. OMi 3t 4'.'0 7.4^0 10.314 31.3:4 17. 0.10 laoiu l;fl.7l.^ 14.317 3(1. I l.'i l4.(i4U ii.tui 13. 7m) 20. 07tl la. ffl.'i 87. 30(1 I5..W7 ll.'>. U3 li S3I 3C. 400 SO. 349 90.411 ii». 4efl ti^l<33 83. :ro 17. ll-Ji" 17.073 83. 743 11.0:17 uu. an 14.041 85. 7!h! Si INO 17.000 30 177 10. 018 !!.\s:>S H.IKXI I!).3i4 81 807 11.841 38.O0O Si 01.1 17.705 Level. 80 80. H 10.5 81.0 10.7 10. I 81.0 80.7 14. H 1(1.0 13.4 18.7 M.0 81.0 ai.9 8U.0 81.1 81 I) 80 5 80.14 11.5 10. H 14.3 15. II 10. 17. 7 10. ; 10. H 14." 1 10.0 ; SO.d in. t) 10.11 80.0 1.'.7 trt. 10. 5 10.0 If.O 80.3 ! I,'>.0 13. 88. 1.V7 14.0 1H.0 14. N 17.5 14 H 10.0 17.0 1(1.0 16.5 17.3 l.'i. 5 17.0 ] IC. 7 17.1 .- 4 I 17.7 15 I". 14.8 KLII l.'i.O 10.5 ; 17.9 l.-i. li 17.0 1(>.0 1,V4 1 17.3 14.0 ll'.7 17.0 11.8 17.0 14.8 17.7 10.3 1.-1.3 10. 17.0 18.0 17.0 10 1.1.7 lp.3 111. 4 VX 5 17 1 10.0 in. 1 17.1 10.0 le.o 10.8 17.3 llUl. PcrllniidHii 1 « 08 01 01. 48 30 07 8i 7» 45 51) 07 99 5103 40.81 37 M 11.74 37 48 87. 30 00 :m 10 M (10 00 ;:0. 80 «0 08 38. 17 88 3.1 88.04 48 '87 .v.. 94 55 38 05. p8 31 54 4'iOl U5 58 1(1. 18 40 40 41.01 48 a OL 44 78 18 30. 80 80 114 IP. 00 7(1 .VH 43. :ifl -.0 47 4.1. 03 73 .18 5.1. (IS 17 4.1 51. 48 30 8(1 21.78 58 43 44.04 50 87 !SH :ifl 3P 15 0.1. UO 40 17 30. .'id 48 48 00. 1^4 39 18 17.08 05 40 04. 53 40 07 4(1. 18 57 40 85. 83 01 51 80.17 30 08 07. 15 48 41 4!". 01 ,15 33 30. 00 57 07 30. (!0 40 40 58.50 3< 09 37. 34 50 45 1.1. 17 50 88 0.1. .15 ;18 ,18 08. l.i 08 03 04. PO 30 07 8(1. 1 1 45 ,19 07. (iO 58 03 50. 50 37 48 87.71 00 38 l'.'.03 95 30 01.01 79 34 43. 99 Ciirrnrtlonn. Alli'liiiu. I.t»vi,l. K.'frmv lil'4.0J 18 59 M. 77 Reiuiirka. July 35. I if B. A. C. No. REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER. Observal ions for Latitude.— Station Ao. 10— Coiitimu>tl. 157 ^^68 7605 7(127 77,^5 7705 77f>7 7^00 ReadiDgB. Level. Uicroni. Meriil. diaU N. S. m. ». 8. 510 17.0 10.3 17. 7,'i3 17.0 10. .•> 34. 178 10.8 17. 1 7. 18;i 10. 7 17.8 w.ni 13.9 B'.'.O 17.458 8:1.0 U. 1 17.96.1 18.4 lil.O 83.893 18.5 lae 1ft 506 17.5 S0.0 8*576 30.0 17.3 DocUuation. o ' n 37 M 13.80 .17 ii aa.li (iO 30 ao. 71 CO 06 87. 38 85 an 08. 86 78 34 44. 77 .18 47 .Taa4 30 C5 8.1. 89 58 01 SO. 58 45 54 08. 75 Corrections. Microm, "T"- 7 '.'P. 1 1 a a.-i. II! 4- a 3i 08 -I- 3 a,'., m + 3 Of^ 41 Lnvel. lieiYoi' -10.04 ' -0, 13 -; 0. 04 I _0. 04 40.08 +0.(1.1 -0. ao -fo.o6 I +0.04 +0.03 lloil. t. I.ntitiiilK. o — 48 W ,M1 .1) 30 93 .1,- 31 48 10 ,Vi 07 Mean latitude (75 deternilnationa), ^S° 5!f 55". 30. c = 0". 580 r = 0". 387 I, = 0". 0C.7 r, = 0". 043 liiM 1874. UNITED STATES XORTnERN BOUNDARY. Observations for Latitude. Aatronomical Station No. 17— Esiit Bntte, 6M mllen west of Prmblm.— Observer. J. P. Cregory, Cni30 68*'k'> 21.3.-.:l 19.771 14.047 25 7W) 23.5 24 6 24.3 22.0 21.4 -21.3 9-3. 5 2.-1. 6037 6970 14. ,V>.', a.-i. iwo 2a 3 ^aii 21.7 •23. 7 7100 7lliU D.771 30.341 SO.O 22. « 91.9 2.-1. 5 7S1.') 7277 1.-1.673 2l.8'i0 21.0 2i.5 91.0 2-i 1 G.- 7320 •Yr.'J:l!i5 SI. 409 18.273 24. .'i 25. 7 24. 5 9.1.5 7377 r)9« .10. 771 9.610 21.0 2<^5 2.1. 9 2a 7416 74o3 20. ros J4.04:i 20.9 2.1.5 2.1 211.6 Declination. 49 97 ,10. 12 55 38 Oli. 82 31 54 4a 74 65 52 17. 29 49 49 4a 05 48 29 04. 62 72 12 40. 5-' 20 01 19. 14 70 .18 4 1. 80 20 4i 40. 9J 79 .18 .17. 18 17 4.1 5-3.39 39 20 2n. 1-1 5i 43 4,1.0.1 59 27 .19.99 3d 1.1 07.07 49 17 38.87 4S 42 11.51 32 18 ia.,11 6.1 4li 00. 42 45 07 47.81 57 40 27. 7ii 43 -35 3-3. 71 54 4J 40. 09 57 41 fl. 98 40 10 ,0.50 47 30 83 00 50 3 1 04. 70 30 98 14.43 Ci 41 51. :i7 49 45 50. 50 .15 31 41,22 67 07 41.71 40 41 10.40 38 09 19. QC 59 45 17. 38 ,19 9-1 07, 75 38 52 04, 10 6J 01 07.00 .10 07 28. 05 Corrections. Microm. - 3 53. 75 f 5 37. 37 - 6 41. 13 - 9 23. 05 + 5 51.20 4- 6 41.06 - 5 59. 31 + 7 31.61 - 48.09 - 3 0.1. 48 + 1 ,18 83 - 4 03. 7(i - 4). 14 - 6 (4. 77 - 5 .'5. 81 -10 33.l'7 + 4 45.1.7 + 1 37. 41 -11 (0.41 - 6 11.67 Level. -9.10 -1 81 -2.23 -0. 45 -0.49 —0. 45 -0.01 -0. ,10 -0.91 -0.40 -0. 18 -0. H -0. 38 -0.2; -0. .10 +0.27 +0..M +l\49 4-n. 51 +0.18 Rcfrae -0.07 +0.10 -0.11 -0.90 +0.13 +0.15 -0.10 +0.13 -0.08 -0. 05 +0.03 -0.07 -0.09 -0.10 -0.10 -0. 19 +0.03 +4). 03 -0.19 -0.11 Kcd. to luerid. Latitndo. 48 69 05. 55 00.17 07.37 00.16 06. 70 05.54 00.44 00.71 05.88 06.03 06.47 06. ai 06.70 00. 04 00.41 07 00 00. 70 00. 25 ai.pi 48 60 OX 95 Remarks, July 89. 1,-)S REPORT OF THK CHIEF ASTRONOMER. Observations for Latitude. — Station N^o. 17 — Contitnied. WJ Headings. B. A. G. No. Mioroni. 7480 74ts9 7.M5 T.'soa 7595 tm 7666 77.M 77115 77S7 7800 7K'0 7%7 7043 .'1044 5C-)8 5l«3 mil 0157 0200 S8£l SS.Vl .VJll 0047 COM 6114 6137 61145 «5(!8 6'itJ9 6319 U305 6421 0470 6580 6ra4 0081 67Q9 67 !8 67P0 (i817 17. 948 24.617 3.010 17. i!37 33.iM0 aJ14 31.534 l8.U88 21.n09 19. 370 Lovc'l. sao 84.5 26.0 27.0 81.8 24. 2 24.0 20.7 23.9 81.7 24.8 20.0 20.9 23.7 27.7 24.0 117 17.3 11.0 11.8 16.1 13.0 13.3 10.0 1,3. 1 13.0 13.0 17.5 16,9 12.3 14.9 l."i. l.l. 2 17.3 10. 1 16.4 16.4 16. 5 16.3 16.5 19.2 11.8 I". 3 10.0 16.4 l,S.O 16.0 18.8 24.0 26.0 23.7 34.0 26.0 27.0 86. .1 SSkl 26.0 2a 27.0 33. U 84.0 27.0 23.3 29.0 11.8 11.0 14.4 10.0 14.9 19.0 14.0 10.0 17.1 19.8 17.1 13.0 13.7 20.4 19.0 18.0 18.2 10.1 17.1 17.4 17.3 IT.O 17 3 17.0 II. S 19.4 1.1, 3 li. 8 IT. 4 13.8 19.0 13 2 Morl.l. Uist. {Dticllnntion. 13 10 o ' " 43 .19 09. 73 52 03 52. 74 37 .18 14,05 37 43 29. CO 60 32 22. 10 CO 00 28.81 33 SO 0.1. 33 72 34 40.21 58 47 31.66 39 03 27. 10 .12 01 30,96 43 54 10. 08 48 .10 17.00 49 2'. 08. 17 24 42 53, 03 22 51 16.53 42 27 .10 24 55 'M 00, 94 31 .11 41.93 Cj 53 17. 44 49 49 43, SO 48 22 04. 79 76 .18 41.99 2U 47 47.03 79 .18 IT. 39 17 43 .V2.51 31 .11 41.24 65 .12 17.97 49 19 43. 74 48 22 03. 34 73 12 4l.:i9 26 04 rj.Tci 70 5^ 4.1. liO 21) 47 47. .12 79 .19 .'•9.n9 17 45 .12,911 39 2'1 211 !>H .18 4.1 40.01 59 29 09, 99 38 15 0T,'.!5 49 17 39. 23 4-1 42 12. ,15 32 19 19. :h ti3 40 OT. 5-i 40 07 4,^.93 57 40 2-'. 9.1 4 I 23 33. TU 54 .J 4T.87 57 43 03. 19 40 10 51.50 Corrections. Mlcrnm. Level. - 2 25. 03 8 19.34 3 13.82 + 1 41.51 + 3 35. C3 + 1 16, 32 - 8 36, 08 +10 30. 11 - 3 .17, 32 + 5 3.1. 54 - 46. 40 + 5 51,07 + 4a 17 + 3 3,1. 60 - 6 46. 59 - 9 23. 99 + 5 .10. 17 4- 40,31 - 3 59, 96 + 7 32. 59 - 49. .':3 - 3 OT. 00 + 1 37. 4S - 4 04. 79 - .10. Tl +0.11 +0,27 +0.09 00 -0.08 -0,40 +0.10 -0.71 +1.16 -0 36 i -1,07 ' -0,02 i -1.90 -0.43 i I -1..10 • -1.47 1 •0. 10 -0.51 ! -0. 19 1 -0,31 -0 33 -0.01 1 -0, 27 I I -0.27 -6.30 Rofnic -0.15 -0.06 +0. 03 +0.04 +0. 02 -0.14 +0.22 -0.07 -1 4). 10 -0,11 40, 13 +0. 13 +0.10 -0.11 -0,20 +0, l:l +0. 13 -0. 10 +0. 13 — 0.02 -0, 05 -(11.01 -0,07 -0, O'S Reil. to mrrld. +0, 03 ■( 0. 01 LotUnde. O I II 48 59 on, 28 07.69 03,64 Remarks. .Inly 30. 66.31 0.1. 05 06.46 06. .13 0.1. 09 0.1, 37 0,1, 92 00, 31! 07.20 0.1. 31 011.35 ' AllKliat 3. 0O29 no 02 00.49 0,1, 47 00, .17 on. 88 0.1,99 on 33 00.13 01, 71 48 .19 06, SO II 5 160 UNITED STATES NOKTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. ObservationH for Latitmlc. — Station JVo. 17 — Coutiiiueil. ^ '\ ! t B. A. C. No. 68:10 (1HS5 uu;o 7054 7073 7tOO 7IG6 7880 7^«■2 7907 7045 7Wi2 6014 eo?6 eojo 8083 81118 8306 8273 8314 8334 190 175 108 819 330 859 O. la-Yr. 73 34S llvadlnKs. Ulcrom. Lovol. Morld. tlist. N. 8. 14. 184 35.083 18.3 10.1 15.6 17.9 m. ff. 14.030 80. 150 18.0 n.o in.o 17.2 M. 110 88.504 19.0 18.5 1,'., 10.SIH 30. 03! IH. 1 17.7 15.8 15.0 "o'io 11.801 •it. 4r^8 18.4 16 18.0 14.0 9.P9S 30. 117 13.0 19.0 17 1 11. « 97. 019 la-Ofil 14.8 18.5 l.\8 n.o 19.943 19.458 14.6 18.0 15.6 ll.S 16.758 3:1.067 13.0 13.0 17.2 17.3 36.845 13 :i6i 10.0 15.4 14.8 15.7 85.410 14.983 15.9 17.0 1.1.7 14.0 93. 613 15. 000 17.6 15.0 l.l.O 17.3 9.647 31. 310 17.3 15.4 15.2 17.3 23.068 17.553 IP.O 14.8 11.8 18.1 98.538 18. 419 15.9 18.0 17.1 15.3 17.994 saci3 18.7 14.3 15.5 19.8 Decltnation. 47 30 20.74 50 33 5.-1,94 30 88 15. 47 01 41 :a. 05 Gl 51 99. 59 30 08 lU. 03 42 45 .11.71 53 33 48. 50 48 50 18.88 49 85 09. 3k 74 48 56. 02 28 54 17. 43 41 17 14.011 56 85 4;L 04 49 88 03. (H 48 36 30. 96 56 S3 91. .17 41 83 81.45 30 37 .12. 05 07 00 81.28 73 42 2.1.90 84 20 34. 47 60 49 .1.1. 98 :17 16 17. 15 32 .13 14. 45 05 37 17. 84 47 35 40. 78 50 10 48.70 CO 35 51. 01 37 48 511. 03 67 06 21. 80 30 45 20. 07 Corroottoni. Hlcroni. - 6 06.S1 - 5 67. 85 + 2 10. 49 -10 43.59 - 8 38 10 +10 96.25 + 7 30. 35 - 15 T ■ 3 10 10 ! n .18. f 5 - 5 2.1. 7li - 4 00. 52 -11 09.81 •1- S .11. 13 - 8 SO. 70 -f 3 16. 89 Level. +0.50 +0.40 +0.85 +0.96 +1.,14 +0.74 +1..T9 -1-1. .10 -1.90 -f0.80 -(-0. .18 +0.07 +0.07 -0.09 +0.33 -0. 51 Rofrnc. -0.10 -0,10 -f 0, 03 -0.10 -0.14 -f 0. 28 +0.13 O.Ofl +0.00 +0.13 -Oil -0.07 -O.tO -1-0.05 -0. 15 -f0.07 Krmliina.-- 31. 53>! 31.1 31. :f 20. e 21.1 39 18 20. (J4 05 40 OU. .55 - 1 14.27 1 +0. 1 1 -0. 03 01.00 6(re4 6(iijl 21. l.'i:i 1(1. 74.1 31 9 30.8 30. B 21.4 40 07 riO. 02 57 40 30. 9:1 -i- 3 50. 18 +0. 10 +0. 07 01. ID 67i8 6743 17. s;3 23.11!- 33. 1 30.1 19 9 31. a 43 25 3.-1. 04 54 40 49. 89 - 2 11. S9 +0. 09 -0.03 00. 9:1 B;fO 8?17 111. .VIO Sl.MJ 31.0 31.7 31. 1 30. 7 57 43 O.V 20 40 10 53. 43 + 1 01. 8H +-0. 30 +0. 03 01.44 Bl^nO BbUo 1-1. m-3 24. (I4;l 31.7 3i0 30.7 30. U 47.10 31.7:1 50 XI 51.99 - 4 14. 1:1 +0..-.4 -0.07 01.20 6;I37 6a70 1(1. oco 2 J. 947 23.0 32. 20.0 20.7 30 88 17.33 Ul 41 54.8(1 - 4 04. 99 +0. CO -0.07 01.03 70'J4 lor.t l(l.(i7.1 84. am 20. n 32.4 21. R 19.9 01 51 31.83 36 03 11.93 + 4 09. 00 4 0.C9 +0.C7 01.23 71(H) 7100 11.0:lH 'i-. 1)30 21. B 21. 9 29.3 20.0 43 45 .'.:i. 75 55 33 41. 7 J - 8 47. ej +0.71 -0. 15 01. O." 731.% 13. 305 2(i. 074 19.0 2:1. U 22. D 18.0 5; 117 45. 29 40 41 0:1. (;3 + C 30.01 +0.25 -1-0.11 01.40 7Yi 7:r;,. . SJUS 3:1. in:) i(i. 4;>3 21.8 22.5 21.1 30.0 38 00 42 37 59 4J 21.01 + 3 29.30 +0.58 +0.00 01.03 7377 73'.W 29.011 ll.3lltl 20.8 r.'J. 1 82. 4 21.0 .19 28 11.40 38 .•i3 07. 27 - n 08. 01 -0. 11 -0. 10 01.03 74 111 74.'^! 24.TtO l(i.4IO 21.1 22.0 22.0 21.8 02 1 10. 74 36 07 31. 14 - 4 19. 09 -0. 10 -O.O." 01.01 74I-0 74rtl 19. CIS 20. (194 21.7 81.8 82.0 45 ,59 13. 15 52 03 50.88 - :ii H) -0.10 -0.01 49 01 U1.74 N B- -11 161 162 UXITKD STATES NOltTHEUN BOUNDAUY COMMISSION. ililU 1;! Obnervationii for Latitude. — Stution Xo. 18 — Coiitiniipd. =!i t! B. A. C. No. 756(1 1303 7627 7lil. 8(>3 8.5. 04) 1.5. 833 90.904 13, 747 1.5. 180 85. l.^iO 30. 017 10.3t^U 95.35" 15.910 97. 004 18. 008 la. 5.10 87. 478 11. on 88.170 16. 510 84. 442 11.540 SO. 784 10. 158 81. 855 10.909 81.389 LoTol. 90.0 88.0 Si. 7 31.0 17.7 84.5 80.0 81. U 28.0 80.0 81.1 80.8 89.0 81. U 91.0 80.7 81.0 38.0 81.8 81 3 21.0 88.4 83.0 88.4 83. 3 81. U 82.4 91.5 91.0 83.7 90.0 83.7 88.0 28.0 14.8 14.0 17.0 13.9 14.0 15.8 14.0 16.8 18.5 13.3 17.4 13.0 14.0 19.0 18.8 19.0 33.5 81. 8 81. 1 81.0 8.5.0 1&4 90.0 83.1 81.9 89.3 81.0 88.0 81. .I 88.0 98.0 81.0 8a 80.8 88.0 80.9 8i0 81.9 81.0 8;l. U 88. 1 81. a:).fl 81. U 91.0 81.0 l.i. Jli.O 13.9 17. 5 16.0 10. 1 17.9 1U.3 14.8 90. II 10.3 88. 7 28.0 17.3 18.0 18.3 Jforlil. lllat. Declination. CorreottoiM. 48 38. 81 38 8.5. m i 90 06. 03 ! 34 49. 93 47 3ft 88 05 30.:i3 <, 01 34. 46 I 54 13. 45 .50 90. 41 85 11.56 42 .59. 29 ! 54 19. Od 17 16.08 25 4.1. 8.1 29 116. 09 36 38. 35 I 9" 93. 73 1 83 83. 48 37 54. 70 06 83. 33 42 30.90 80 30.41 49 .57. 89 10 18.87 I .53 10. 05 ; 27 10. Ik) 33 42.41 10 ,50. 45 23 .5i:.;i;i 4:1 ou. i;i 05 23. 5- 43 81. 49 1 01 .53.01 P 3li 51,07 19 45, 01 28 110. IH ! 18 48.00 ; 01 81.112 59 47. 31 47 4-^. 71 ,■« .59. 85 45 51. 17 80 28.65 43 48. ;.8 88 02. :io 13 09.70 17 41,1- 48 14. .54 18 81.11 40 09. 88 Mtcrom. - 6 37. 79 4- 3 33.78 + 4 96.83 + 3 07.71 - 6 4I,8<3 Level. -0.18 -0.07 -0.37 -0.87 -0.38 +18 28. 34 I -0. 51 + 30. 38 + 1 40, 18 + 5 07.71 + 8 .58, 20 3 3109 - 8 00 «l - 16. 15 -1- 4 44.85 - 20, 95 f 5 09. 70 + 10 09. fO - 4 .'3. 48 - 7 30. 1(> I- 7 44. 14 0.00 -0.33 0.00 +0.20 +0. II +0,11 +0, 80 -0, 87 +0.08 -0.09 -0. 35 -(), 49 -0.11 -0. 51 I + 8 31. 19 ' -0.89 - 4 00.39 ■(- 9 20,71 f 1 05. 14 - 1 II. 15 -0. 07 -1.91 -1,40 +0, 30 RentlO. -on +0,07 +0.08 +0. 05 -0.11 -;-o.80 +0.17 +0. 09 +0.00 +0.17 -0.07 -0.01 -0.17 Rm). to nicriil. +0.08 I -0.11 +0.10 +0.10 -0.09 -0.13 +0.17 +0.10 -0,07 +0 17 +0, 08 -0.08 I.ntltuilo. 49 01 01.84 01.70 CO. 95 (II 41 01,81 01.91 01. .50 08. 05 01.37 111. .59 01.08 01. .57 01.70 01.09 01,43 08. 34 08.09 01.79 01. .57 01, 88 00, ,50 01. 45 01.27 01,08 43 01 01. 07 Kcmarkn. AiigtiAt 0. REPORT OF THK cniEF ASTRONOMER. 1G3 Obnerratiom for Tjatitude, — Station Xo. 18— Continuod. D. A. c. No. RAadiugs. Miorom. 6681 7034 lorj 1100 7106 7415 7877 706S 80S4 8010 eOiit 81-Jd R.1I4 HJH ISO 175 fil'.l 8:in Or. U-Tr. 73 Mi 401 84. S4'} 16. tl;!4 16 741 84. 74.-1 11.r.75 88.541 14.015 86. 70i4 89. 851 10. ilU4 18. 4.^:1 81. Ij l.'i.n.-iO 84, %l 8(1. 17fl 18. U.)7 ai. 6.'i0 16. 8il 88. 518 18. 4:l'i 11.770 89. 705 a.-.. 8-14 16. 185 Bt). 803 i:i. 768 l^. 468 85.417 10.886 Level. N. 8, 18. 7 19.0 17.8 19. ;i 17. I 80.0 80.6 17.9 80.3 19.4 17.9 80.7 1».8 81.0 81.0 18.0 88.0 19.4 80.7 81.0 81.5 80.0 18. 5 81. 1 80.1 89.8 81.8 19.' 19.0 19. I 19.0 18.0 16.11 81.4 80.1 17.8 15.5 81.9 10.7 80.4 88.0 19. I 81.7 19.(1 19.0 88. U 18.0 81.0 19.8 19.7 19.0 80.6 83.0 17.4 80.5 80.5 19.5 81.7 Moriil. dial. DeoliDntlnn. lllcrom. 40 07 50. 85 .'i7 46 31.81 01 51 38. 17 3C 08 18. 81 48 45 54. 06 05 33 45. 07 .')7 07 4.'.. 61 40 41 U3.94 41 17 17.05 56 85 4.'). 01 49 38 06. 39 4J M 38. 78 .56 88 81. 11 41 83 8J.76 ?0 37 K. 01 67 06 83.78 73 48 31. 88 81 86 36. 73 60 49 54 31 37 16 19. 18 38 53 16. 35 65 87 19. 94 47 35 48. 73 00 16 ,511. 77 60 85 .1C. <):> 37 49 00. 90 67 06 8:). »! 30 45 81. 77 88 04 51. as 69 36 .'.I 9i + 3 SO. 43 -)■ 4 08. C3 - 9 47. 01 .f- 6 37. OS -f- 89. 91 + 1 39.81 + 5 07.96 + 8 51. ?3 - 3 38. 13 - 3 07. 86 - 9 17. 11 + 4 4.^57 - 6 88. 13 + 5 09.83 +10 09. 55 Lord. -0.09 -0.18 -0.97 -0.18 -0.43 -0.09 -0. M -0.80 -0. 45 +0.40 +0.49 +0.48 +0.49 -0.16 -0.03 Refrnt +0.07 +0.07 -0. 10 +0.11 +0.17 +0.08 +0.09 +0.17 -0.07 -0.03 -0.17 +0.08 -0.11 +0.10 +0.19 Roil. 1(1 invrid. +0.01 +0. 08 Lnlltiiilc. Of /' 49 01 01. 44 00.78 Oa. 13 01.80 00.09 0}.39 01.43 01.18 01. 35 01.33 01.35 00.83 01.03 03.01 49 01 08. 33 Mean latitiidi' (>IU deternilnntiaiiH), 49° 01' 0I."43 t = 0".4I3 r = 0".875 f„ i= (V'.O.'i:! Tm = U".OXi '?; fi i4 1874. UNITED STATES NORTUEllN BOUNDARY. Obnervations for Latitude. Astrouomicul SlAtlou Xo. r.)— North Fork of Milk Uivi-r, 1l« nillon wpat of Poniblnn.-Ohaerrpr, J. F. Orngor;, Captain Uuitttil Stateu KngincerH.— ZoliitU TeluHcnpe, Wurdumaiiu N'o. '^U.— ChninoniPter, Ni-t;uH Siilon'nl No. 15lJ.j aA.c. No. C047 (073 eiu 6157 7nao Or.T-Yr.aauS 7377 7396 7416 745:1 7400 7469 7560 1595 7087 76«6 7755 7765 7880 7907 7945 7!WS t!0-.j4 m3fi 6059 8083 ei-J8 8306 8273 8314 8334 46 87 130 175 198 319 339 359 164^ Kradlngs. Mlcrom. 87. 507 11.014 13.363 36. 103 23. 288 17. 546 29.720 111. 045 85. 470 15. OtO IH. 189 21.317 13. 1S7 37. OeO 22.264 17. 447 17.084 3:1. «01 12.051 37.730 8.693 30. 537 28.237 11.938 19. OOrt 21.083 15. 475 23.341 27. 474 13.304 24. 599 !.■). 7liO 33. r.K 10.985 in. 431 30. 373 33. 895 16. 773 87. 147 13:689 Lent 15.5 18.0 16.9 18.5 19.0 17.5 18.5 18.6 18.0 30.7 19. 9 18.8 19.5 30.0 19. 5 21. 9 21.0 30.8 21. 5 21.4 20.9 21.8 22. 3 21.1 21.9 20.7 21. 5 33.0 23.4 20.7 32. 8 30.8 3,'i. 2 21.9 2.'). 5 31.8 21.4 3'. 3 3:1.5 33.8 19.0 17.0 18.6 17.0 18.0 30. S 19.8 30 20.1 16.4 19.1 30.6 30.1 19. 1 30.8 19.0 30.0 31.0 30.8 31.5 22.0 21.0 21.1 33.9 22.3 23.7 33.0 33.9 2:1. 6 25.7 21.9 25.4 23.0 25.8 2:1. 35.0 34.0 81. 8 Meriil. ilJst. DocllDatlon. 72 13 43 :,4 28 04 31. 45 70 58 47. 95 20 47 49. 17 38 09 43. 76 59 45 23. 09 59 28 13. 09 38 53 08. 70 83 03 12. 44 38 01 32. 54 45 .59 14.69 .'.3 03 51. 94 37 43 34.27 CO ;>2 27. 58 25 20 07. 25 73 34 61. 73 58 41 40. 04 39. 03 31. 88 48 50 33. 01 49 33 13. 34 14 43 01.04 33 54 30. 39 41 II 18,34 50 35 40,91 49 32 07. 89 48 36 40.01 .'.0 28 25. 46 41 23 34. 97 30 31 50. 01 07 00 2.5. 06 73 ii :12. 61 24 20 37. 89 00 49 59. 50 37 16 20. 27 33 .53 17. 39 05 37 31. 14 47 33 4,1. 87 50 16 51. 90 CO 23 57. 79 37 49 01. 93 Mlcrom. Lovol. Kefrac. - 6 :13. 33 H- 6 40.68 + 3 37. 34 -10 11.16 - 5 33. 08 - 1 37. 17 - 7 30.38 + 3 39. 03 + 3 33.00 - 1 4ft 09 + 11 18.33 + 8 30.30 + 36. 50 + 4 04. 34 + 1 49. 36 - 4 34. 57 - 3 10. 94 -10 19. 40 + 3 41. ai - 1 89. 13 -0. .'.0 -0.04 -0.45 -0.60 -0.09 -0.33 -0.01 + 0.36 -0.07 + 0. 13 -0.20 -0. 13 -0.14 -0. 54 -0.85 -1.37 -0.04 -0.11 -0.29 -0.11 -0. 17 +0. 14 + 0.04 -0.18 -0 10 -0. 03 -0.13 +0. 05 +0.00 -0. 13 +0.83 +0 15 +0.01 +0.07 +0.15 -0.09 -0. 05 -0.20 +000 -0 13 ICril. to lUtTlU. Lntltudfl. o I " 48 50 59. 43 59.34 60. 05 :2 SU. 11-JO 13.8 14.7 l.'..B 13. 9 711 .59 00. 73 17 40 54. 09 1 7 31.2. -0. 45 +». 17 58.11 liiiiB tiUK.I 14.710 t!4. O'.ll 1.-.," 14. 1 13.0 11.0 39 2li 29. 40 .58 43 49. 48 - 5 10 13 4 0.47 -0. 09 59. 7a mif 13. I!i:l •8. 3."i3 13.0 15 7 1.1. 2 13 U 511 88 03. 90 38 10 10 50 + 8 31. 98 ^- Ofl.03 -1 0. 1 1 1-0. 15 59.47 c.rti SO. aio io.aii 14.0 14.8 14.7 14.U 49 17 43. 19 48 43 i:.. .19 + O.03 0.00 I 58.94 li.'je« ifi.acT 'ii. HrU Iti.O 13.7 13.0 Ki.O 32 18 23.01 05 40 11.07 - 2 17. 08 fO. 10 -0.04 .59. .59 Ull-.M litlfl s:t. 277 17.800 14.0 14.9 1.-..9 l.-i. 5 40 07 01.88 57 46 33. 47 + a 47. 34 -0.56 + 0.00 .VJ.OO «7'JH ti74l< fi7rtO tiji|7 10. 67.'i Hi 931 90. 4-21 sai. :i!i7 13.9 15.9 16.0 13. 10.8 14.9 14.9 17.8 43 25 .37. 08 54 40 51.49 57 43 06.91 40 16 54. 80 - 3 11.3:1 - 00. 70 -0. .13 -0.8) -0.05 IKI 59. 4H 59.31 tifll.') ll.il.'iH B5. 15!) 14.9 13.0 1,'). 9 17.7 47 30 33. 30 50 33 .59 J - 5 16.87 - 1. 27 -0.08 58.94 (8170 i.'i.aai 2.'i.li44 14. « KUI 15.9 14. ii 3fi 28 18. 7li 61 41 50.08 - 08.21 i 0. 113 -0.09 59.41 70':4 7(i;;i 17. 4,10 S3. 411 10.0 13.9 14.8 10.9 61 51 .3:1.65 30 (U 13,41 + 3 o.\7:i -0.4:1 -1-0.00 5S.97 riH.-,:i .'.Ull ('.(1 17 r,07:i •2.'>.9I11 14, 4.V1 28. 12;l 11. .VJ 14.9 14.0 ll.fi 19.0 lfi.9 17.7 17.7 13.0 49 49 45. 07 48 23 07. 40 73 19 43. 85 26 01 31.08 - 5 Oil. 17 - 8 .3.1.81 -1.16 i 0. 00 -0.10 -0.17 .59. 10 59. 41 AllKMS', 1.5, nil (ll,'.7 13. 2,1J W. I£l I.-.. 7 10.8 1II.R 10. 1 76 .5- 4^.28 20 47 4:1. 38 -1 4". 43 -0.0;) 1 0. 11 .59.31 ll-.1)ci liJIJ 13.811 27. 3'J3 1.-.. 9 17. 1 17.1 l(i. 4 79 .59 00. 91 17 45 04.80 + 7 30. 7;i -0.11 + 0,17 .... ... 58.70 li'.'CiH li'JH!) I4.8fl."i 21. 873 17.3 15. t) Ifi.ll 18.3 39 2li 2:1.61 58 4;l 49. 68 - 5 09. 93 -I1..I7 -0.09 .59. 17 li:ilH (ill).-! 11. WO 28. 181 I.'i. 1 18.9 19 Ifi. 4 .59 38 04. 10 38 15 10.74 + 8 23. 70 ■f0.3l + 0.15 60.01 (ii-.n 0I7G 2'l. 100 20.1111 10. 5 18.0 19.0 17.8 49 17 43. 40 48 43 1.-1.80 + 00. .5:1 -0.51 0.00 59. 18 r..-iri:i 658(i 18. .'."0 23. 083 19.0 lli.1 17.4 20. 1 ;« 18 23.23 60 40 11.33 - 2 16.77 - 60 -0.01 4- ,->U 59. 3li Ii ■ I i 1 S ! ' i ■i ■i 166 UNITED STATES NORTUEUN llOUNDAUY COMMISSION. OlHirvatmin for Latitude. — Station Ho. lU — Contiuued. u. A. c. No. 0II34 OTiW 0748 A780 esi7 68.10 Sues 69:n ti970 7094 7073 7100 7106 781.1 7877 7330 Or. 7.Yr. 8395 r.m T.m 7410 7453 7460 74(i9 7.'ififl 7595 7097 7«f6 77.13 7705 77«7 7800 7SS0 786:1 Ki'lilliDfl'. Mloron. 83.290 17.899 10.881 83.141 80.003 80. 538 15. 0.18 85.896 1.1. 480 35.410 17. 873 9a83H 10. .140 89. 508 1.1. 100 85. 839 82. 301 17.055 30. 404 10.703 85. 690 15.880 19.084 88.100 11915 87. 510 89.497 17.692 17.338 83.857 18. .187 88.559 13.996 88.385 Level. N. 17.3 17.8 17.9 91.8 19.0 19.0 1M.7 88 19,1 81.1 19.0 81.8 91.9 18.4 19.8 90.5 91.5 19.7 17.9 83.1 21.8 20.0 81.3 19.9 20.4 80.0 19.9 19.5 l!>.e 19.8 17.6 81.7 91.7 17.7 19. 5 19.4 20.1 10.4 18.8 19. 1 80 17.3 80.7 18.8 91.4 19.3 18.8 88.4 91.0 90.7 90.0 81.8 93.8 lb. 5 80 4 92. 20 5 21.8 80.0 8U.9 20 8 80.4 20 19.9 21.9 17.7 17.0 84 Mxrld. dial. DocUunlloo. 40 07 6'J. 14 57 40 38.74 43 •J.l 37. 33 54 40 .11. 70 .17 41 07. 19 40 lU 55.11 47 36 33. .10 50 33 59. t9 ;'6 29 19.01 01 41 56. 09 61 51 33.99 30 08 13.09 48 45 1.1. 07 55 33 40, 90 57 07 47. .18 40 41 05.60 38 0!t 44. 29 59 45 8:1. 34 59 28 13.74 38 58 09. 24 68 0:l 13. 10 36 07 33. (JO 45 .19 1.1. 29 53 03 ,18. 56 37 43 34. 88 60 38 28. 25 25 20 07. 09 78 34 58. 44 ,18 47 40.70 39 05 38 48 .13 01 36.80 45 54 15, 60 48 50 82, 68 49 85 13,85 Currwtinim. Mivruui, + 9 47. 65 - 3 10.38 - 08. 81 - S IS. 03 -5 08.46 -I- 3 05. 89 - 9 51.07 + S 33. 59 -f 3 80. 18 -10 11.97 - 5 23. 37 - 1 37. 60 - 7 32. 18 + iW.W + 3 93.09 -I- a 0.3, 48 - 7 49. 02 J.OVtil. II -0.83 .fO.48 +OkOa +0.78 +0.10 -0.11 -0.80 -0.S8 -0.13 -0.89 -0.87 -0.85 -ass -0.36 -0,11 -0.07 -0.04 Itefrao. Kril. In niirlcl. +0,05 -0.05 0,00 -a 08 -0.0» +ao5 -fl. 18 + 0,10 + 0.04 -0.18 -0.10 -0.03 -0.13 + 0.05 + 0,06 +0.03 -0.13 HoaQ latitude (68 cleturniin'itioiis), 48° SO* 59".31. > = i 0"405 T = ± 0".'.'7(1 ,. = ± 0".051 T, = i V'.VM Latitude. ' " 48 59 59. 89 oaoo 58.90 59.38 S9.el 59.07 59.84 89,67 59.90 59.05 S9. 34 59.05 59:03 59.01 Sft80 59.67 48 59 59,08 Kenuwki. ! 1H74. UNITED STATES NOUTIIEUN BOUNDARY. Observationii for Latitude. [Aatronomlcnl Htntlnn No, SO— Chief Mtmiitiiin I.itkr, Tr*!) niili'H wrst tif Prmbliin.— Olinrrvnr, >r. F. Grpfrnry, CnpUlu Uulted 8(uUm Kn};lDti«rB.— /imitU Tt'lvHi^iiic, Wiinluiiianii Nii. *•>().— L'lii'oiioniuU-r, NcgiiH Sitloreut Nd.'im:!, n. A. c. Ho. earn U4.il 04711 nsri:! liSBli filt'J4 (ICdl 6TJ8 ti74d 1171=0 0*17 GrOj cb:i7 (iU70 1I0U 71G(i U-21 C470 055;i CiCU 0084 OOKl e-4s 8780 6817 68:i0 0803 0937 CU70 7024 7073 KeoiUiigH. Uirroiu l'.>. :i04 so. U'J4 14. mti Si4. 7U0 II. WO 19. llOli !iO. 007 17. (140 ai aco S•in^!) 17.491 111. 777 a-A 997 aO. 100 ail. 17.-I 14.701 ai. Mil 14. !ia:i a I. eU4 to. K>:\ W. V.I ii.7i;i 27. 979 20. 17« 20.201 1S.27B 22. cm 2:1. i.i:i 17. 724 17.027 £l.aJC 20. MO 20.54J 14. 049 25. 124 1.1. 293 23.178 17. 743 23.738 Liivul. N. 211. .1 211. III.M 24.1 2il 19.0 a I..'! 21.0 21. R 22. U 20. P 23.0 24.1 22. I 24.0 23.0 aao 20. 1 24.0 24.0 10.9 13.1 10.9 1?.7 17.9 17.8 ir..7 21.0 I. '1.9 21.0 IKO 18.0 17.2 19.9 1C.9 21.0 19.5 19. U 20. S 21.1 22. 4 2U. 1 20.2 24.0 21. 8 21.5 22.2 23. U 24.0 22. 4 24.1 IV. 9 21.8 24.0 82.1 24.0 84. n 21.3 23.0 25. U 14. r> 21.8 IS. 4 10.8 17.8 lo. 5 20.0 10.0 20.!) ICO 19.0 19.0 19.9 17.2 80.6 16.3 18.0 18.6 Mxrill. dial. 6 Docliimtiuu. 79 SO 02. 47 17 4.'i .M. «i 39 20 31. 12 .'i^ 43 51. M .I'l 21 0.".. ft 3S 15 12.30 49 17 4 1. 25 48 42 17. 09 32 Irt 23.90 03 40 1.1.53 40 07 54. 02 67 40 35. 01 43 25 30. 43 51 40 54. 09 S7 43 09. SI 40 10 57. '.M 47 30 3.5, 85 50 31 02.31 30 2H 21. 13 01 41 59. 02 42 45 .58. 17 55 53 49. CO 59 2t OR. 12 3d 15 12.59 49 17 44.53 4t< 42 18. OO 32 18 24. IC C5 40 13.92 40 07 54. 34 57 40 3."). 42 43 25 39. 81 54 40 54. 52 57 43 10.03 40. IC 57. 61 47 3C 30. 28 50 34 02. 75 30 28 21. 53 01 42 OO. 14 01 51 37.2:1 30 02 10.31 ('orrfctliiiiH, Ikllcruiii. Level. Rcfrnc + 7 34.14 - 5 00. 28 + 8 20. 51 ^- 01. 27 - 2 II. 19 + a 50. 78 - 3 13.21 + 00. 47 - 5 1.5. CO - 5 00. 93 - 9 49.87 + 8 25. 27 -0. II -0. 13 +0. 17 -0.09 -0.09 -(0.15 i -|0. oj j 0.00 -0.31 -0. Ul -0. 58 -1 0. 05 I -10.83 ' -0.05 t -fO. 0;i 0.00 +0.20 ■ -0.08 i -fO. 71 '' -0,09 -O.'.'O ■ -0. 18 ! -0.71 ■ -i 0. 15 + 02. 58 j -fO. 09 0.00 - 2 14,81 -0.13 , -0.04 i I + 2 48.01 I -f0,02 +(.05 i I -0, 05 - 3 12. 87 [ 0. 00 1 + 00, 09 -0, 45 - 5 10, 07 - 5 07, 05 + 3 00, 25 0.00 Rpcl. to iiiurid. Lit lliiitc. +0,01 +0.02 1 0.00 -0.08 +0.22 ; -0.09 +0.42 j )0.05 49 00 03. 30 04. 75 0.5. Oi 02.27 04. 17 04.77 04. 33 0.1, 90 03. CO 01. 00 01.25 04, 03 03. 94 04, Oli 03, :,:i 04. 24 03. 40 03, 37 03.91 49 00 03, 49 UemarkB. AoRUat 83. Ri^ouUd. All;'OHt S.*), I - I 1 1 -' 168 UNITED STATES NORTIIEUN IIOUNDAUY COMMISSION. Ob»en'ation» for Latitude. — Station Xo, UO — Cuiitiiiiiuil, B. A. 0. No. ■100 '10(1 ■J 1.1 -.120 77B,-| 7R50 7«lJi 1M7 70'lj 7!iri'3 6024 go:«i 805!) MSI 872!" 82011 827:l fail 120 175 19H 21!) 839 251) Gr. 12yr.73 345 401 438 474 487 nrwltaga. Mlcroiu. «). mi 14.1174 25. 7J0 2-J. 30.'i 17.(144 30. 478 10. 707 2.1. 020 I. V 2:10 H. 723 21. C31 12.030 27. 473 22. 344 17.530 17. 10« 23. (170 IS. .WJ 22. 510 13. 171 2!". 240 !). 000 30. 004 98.478 12.1G0 10. .VO 20. 782 10. 073 23.050 28. fiia 13. 507 24. 841 10.017 23. 2.17 17.159 10. 071 30. 557 23. 877 10. C99 27. 002 13. 154 111.274 21.273 20.(107 1 1. 905 13.895 10.097 21.. 1(1 1 28. 2.14 r.ov.'i. 18. a 21.0 IH,4 ^0 2 10.0 21.0 10.0 20. 5 20. 20. 10.0 22.0 20.1 21.0 20.0 21.0 10.0 21. G 20. i 20.7 10.8 21.0 10.8 20.7 21.0 10. 10. n 20.9 19.0 21. 1 80.0 20. 5 21/. 2 20.4 10.8 21.0 10.0 21.1 21.2 17.0 19.9 20.1 20.8 20. 1 10.9 20. 20. 9 21.0 10.0 17.0 10. H I& 1 10.8 18.0 20.0 l.-.O 19.5 19.8 20 9 18.0 19.8 10. 2 10.8 10. 4 21.7 18. 5 20. 1 19. 8 20.7 19.7 81.0 19.9 80.0 10.3 10.8 21. 4 SI.O 19.0 91.3 20.1 21.4 20.7 21.0 20.0 21.4 21.0 22. 20.2 200 23. 5 21.9 21.5 21.1 22. 22.0 21. 21.8 21. 9 Iklorlll. dlat. Dvi'Uunlluii. CorrortlnuB. 42 45 58.01 55 33 ;A 13 57 07 .'.0. 84 40 41 08. ;>3 :i8 09 47. IS .V.) 45 20. el .19 98 17.27 3H 52 12. 22 02 03 10. n 311 U7 3.1. 92 45 .19 m.'.8 52 04 0-i. 00 37 42 37. 83 CO 32 91.93 83 20 10. 91 7'.< 34 50. 30 58 47 44. 42 39 05 3.1. ,1(1 52 01 40. 30 45 54 10.00 48 .V) 20. IS 49 25 17.37 74 43 0,1, 04 22 54 2.1. 20 41 17 22.08 511 25 51.28 40 22 11,80 48 30 44, 09 .10 28 29, 75 41 2,1 28,70 30 37 ,10. 35 07 00 20, 38 73 42 311. 03 24 2G 40. 53 CO ,10 03, 54 37 10 23, 00 39 53 20. ,17 (15 27 25. 03 47 35 47. 42 .10 111 55. 49 no 80 01.55 37 40 03. 15 07 00 99.09 ;iO 45 8.1. 59 88 04 .10.09 09 30 50. 35 48 04 48. 34 47 .19 211. 49 .10 113 10. 51 .10 10 12.38 Ulcrom. - 50. 28 + 5 M. 99 + 9 80. 05 -10 11.35 - S 2:1. 02 - I 3a 34 - 7 31, 47 + S 29. 54 + 3 8:1. 90 + 9 02. 99 - 7 48, 09 +11 19.89 + 8 SO. 89 + 37. 00 + i 04.71 + 7 49. SI - 4 34. to - 3 08. 80 -10 17.72 + 3 42. 97 - 7 28. SO + 4 08. 47 + 9 08. 01 - 1 10,51 - 7 211, 0:1 I.eTol. +0.80 +0.10 +0. 40 +0.20 -10 10 +0. 47 40.47 +0.40 +0. 09 +0.29 + 0. 09 -0.09 +0.04 -0.87 -0. 02 -0.10 -0. 30 -0. 42 -0. 30 -0.60 -0.08 -0.70 -0.49 -a 02 -0, 07 Ilofl'nc., Itcil to mvrld. I -0,02 -0.13 +0.03 +0.00 +0.03 -0.13 +0.8:1 -) 0. 13 +0.01 +0.07 ■1-0. 13 -0.09 -0.03 -0.80 +0.00 -0. 13 -t-0. 08 +0.17 -0.08 -0,13 -0.18 +0.10 +0.04 I -D.IJ ' -0.10 +0.04 Lutltiidu. 03. 04 01.18 oa4i 03.34 04.90 03. 75 03. 84 01.04 02.95 (13. 03 03.83 03.70 04. 74 04.01 03.57 04. 18 01, ,13 01. .12 03.93 113. 44 03.13 04.33 04.38 40 00 Kl. .13 Itonmrki. Aiigiiit 95. IMM'OIJT OF Tin-} (!II1I;F astkonomku. Obncrratiom for Latitude. — Station Ao. 20 — Contiiuu'd. 1(59 n. A. c. Nn. Hradiuiti. Dwliniilion. Corrnotloitik LlititdllK. 1 II 40 00 04. H7 Oil 01 40 Ofl 03. 7a Ui'inArkn. Mlrnini. l.oTel. N. 8. M«rl« ;n. (in 7h .-.I .'i1. (HI t II - 5 00. el - a Of lo- -II 4:1.(17 -n.Bil -0. :ij -0. 1- -O.KI -0.04 -0.i!(i Ansnit 03. Mum latitiiiK' (1(1 ilit< riiiliuiliuu, ), 4. <> UO" U4".0O. < = 0".5(i:i r = o".;i;i5 «„ ^ o".07:i T, = 0".04l) 1 1 1 II ■ ^ nil ■ II If ill m M":'' 187a. UiilTED BTATIiS NOliTUEUN BOUNDAKY. SEI'TEJIUKU 1-'. Station, Caui' No. I, skaii I'ksihina, I>ak. ObservatioitH to detvrmine the value of one turn of the mierometer of Zenith Telescope Wurilemann 2!o, 7, by the eunltrn ehimjation of I'olnrix, Clironometer A'egun 1514, videreal. [ObtwrvcT, W.J. Xwiiiing, Cupluin riil(t>iL S(at<-» Kiigiuui^VH.] 1(11! cot t = C.37mi7llfl liiK lalin 4 = 0.11U'lt*v!-J0 lii|;tO!i(o^ »440l!i\;(l f„ r.,-ooV 11 ".8 (o 111 linio - .'■' .VI" JII'.H ("hro. A. 11. - 1' 1J"';IT..-| CIii-o. time of iluiijj. = la' IS" M:l A. It. of roliiriH, 1' l'.I»^l'.."> 6 of I'ohiriM, ^8^ ;i^' :iii".7 Aitmnioil<^, 4.?^ 5y I»li",.'( Hill {z — .-^l ^ crm d bin (2'— 7^1 III! cowf d = 01)01348 loi! niii = D.cT""":!.'* log i-ii« !o = » ''Til".iK{ .-„ = 40O r.?' i.V'.a A'tiff^.— Tho noliitioii iiiul niothiHl jiliiplcil in tlii^ coinpiiliilitiii tivo drrivi'il from llio luiiclu on Iho Zfiiilli Trloticopo, |Nlgo 3G0, Vol. II, CIiimvi-nol'M .Spliiqii-at ami I'mulicitl AHlroiuiiiiy. i a Lfvol. t X e i N. s. '/•. :3 1 -111. M.f ao. 7 I o !>.0 ;ri. 7 -.'11. H ;i fl. ;a H ■J... !1 1 K.'i ;i.-i. H an. 1 r, H. :iii. .'. ■£>. 7 It 7.5 :t5. .'. ai.n 7 «. ;i.".. II ai.7 H r>- .'i ;i.'i. !i ai.,'' it .\ :iii. 1, ai.a 111 4.1 III!. 11 ai. 1 11 4.0 ;iii. (i 11.4 ig ■J.i ;iii. 4 aj. n i;i :i. :iii. li a 1.0 M •J..'> :iii. ai.n l.-i ;tii. 7 ai.7 Hi 1.5 ;ii;. H ■" n 1. :iii. H .1..'.! i.-i - 0. 5 Mi. H ai.n 111 O.ll ;i7. 1 ai.ii ■.ii + 0. .1 ■J7. II ai.'.i •21 1.0 ail a ai,.', 'ii l..'l an. •.' ai,7 s:i iiO a7. a ai.i< •-'4 VI. 5 a7. :i ai.r- •i^ ■JO a:, a ai.n •Jll ;i- .'> a7. a Sill S7 4.0 a7. a a-il VH 4..'. a:, a :W. 1 ■;;i ."i. a:. .-. ai.^ ;io X 5 a;, a ai.a ,■11 on a7. :< :u. .'> ;i-j B.5 .17. 1 it 1. II :i:i 7. a7. .'. .1 1. -J :» 7..1 a7. .'i aj. .'i x> P.O a7. 7 a.'. 7 :iii K.'i a7. 7 a.'. ^' ;i7 !>.!.' a7.7 a-j n ;i.H 9..-. a7, 7 aa. n ;i'i 10 .17. li .la. r. 40 i-iu..'. a;. 11 aa. :i no r r- r. h. m. It. m. n. 18 41 10. -an a7. 7 .M 11. H 2^ 4 1. .vj 01. :i 211 52, 4 .M .•■■.'. .1 25 01. 2 r.-i 4--'. 21 1 1. 7 \f : 00. .■> 11 47.2 i:i r.ii. c 7 50. 1.1 411.5 a 10. 2 17 34. 7 - 1 22.0 10 •-'7. (I + an. a Ul lli.O 2 I'l.a 'SI 0.".. 2 4 0.1. 5 'J! ,M.O 5 .511. a •jn 411. 7 40. a '.N a,-.. 2 an.,'. ao 211. 11 20. a a J III..', 11 la, « il4 111 H a.". 51.. 1 l.-i oil. 1 111 SI.H a7 4I..1 If 4.5. 1 ao ai.K 20 a5. 1 41 17.5 22 211. r' 4.1 Or*. .•• 21 ll.^ 4'. 0.' 211 0,5. a 411 51.0 27 .-.7. a 4r< 4 1. 2 20 47. 5 M a 1. 5 ai aii.o 52 25. 11 .aa 21. 54 17.11 :t5 20, a 511 01. a7 11. a 57 :«. 5 ao nj. H 10 .50 52.11 40 .'..-.. a 211 01 an. 5 42 42 << 20 oa a.".. 1-44 .W. a v t3 t- ,^ X -/, t ' 1 n , /' -10 ,50. on -In .50. no III i^ao III 18.41 :i.i. 21 i 11 38. :tii f r.o.m ,50. 07 f 211. 47 H 20. .55 7 41. 10 7 41.20 5 41. 25 r. 41.41 5 n,"'. 27 5 05. 45 4 2 1. Ml 4 21.00 a 4.51111 a 45 18 a o:. 42 a (17.1111 2 2ii, a5 2 211.111 1 47.7:1 1 41.07 1 o-.a7 1 111. 117 - 20. IH - 2'i. 711 + 10. 1^0 1- 11 1 . 5 > n .•0 71 (1 50. 35 1 20. a; 1 21, 1 •J (11. 04 2 07.(11 a 41. liG a 4 -.25 a 27. i-H a 27. 45 4 07. on 4 07. 21 4 45. 11 4 41.71 5 2.V 5' 5 2:.. 01 11 04. 4 1 11 0,1. oa 11 4a. 70 n 4a. 211 7 21. an 7 22. 8 1 H 01. 10 8 on. 112 e 411. 81 8 40. 2;i 211. 15 In. .50 in 01.42 10 on. 70 10 411.71 III 41. on 11 10.1.0 II 10. 02 11 50.51 11 5.1. 85 12 ao. 1 1 12 38. 42 ' 11 18, in I: 17.01 1 la 51, mi 1: .57.31 1 1 1 an. an 1 35 .50 15 1.-..81 1.- 1 -•. 110 1 i 15 .Ml. (15 41-- :>:<. 84 J3 a = •= c r ■■J Ig S i. 8 £ 'c C bi E fa P Z- /.' c 3 If „ 21 4- . 35 + . INHO 11.004 Hi7. ().' 78. 704 22 - .70 . (HI80 10. OOJ 8(1,5. (12 . 7.-I0 2a - .20 — . 002.1 10.008 80,1. 01 .472 24 - .10 — .0011 10.000 8(14. m .0)5 25 - . 70 — . 0080 10. 002 8114. 41 . 1140 2'i 4- .40 + .('010 11.005 Mi4. 55 . .'ilia 27 + . .50 -f . 0057 10.0011 7in. 2 J . 570 28 f.^ -t- . 00113 10. Ollli 7811. 07 . .V.7 20 . 0023 10.002 7.-4. 31 . 420 an I .10 .0011 0. 000 71.5. 42 . .551 31 - . 10 — .0011 0. 0!)0 788. 45 . 854 32 — . 15 — .IKI17 0. OOH 7.-11. 117 . 080 33 - .20 — . 002 1 0, 008 ■87.00 . 727 31 - . 15 _ .0017 0. 008 7i7. 52 .704 35 .00 . 111)00 10. IIIH) 7-1. 12 .812 a'l .00 . (lOilO 10. OliO 787.30 . 730 37 - .05 , oiHin 0. 000 7,-n. 00 .701 3" - . 10 — .0010 0. 01)0 7.-11. 115 . 1173 30 - .70 — . 00-0 0. 002 "87. 45 .801 40 - .M - . m:>i a. U04 787. .50 78. 803 .110 . 075 . 243 . IHiO .18:9 .119 . i(i:i .118 .25,1 .124 . 170 . I 0.1 '.m'i . 137 .Ufll .020 .OIKt . 133 .148 Ml (III viluo of 1 turn Z. T. microio., 78".015 k .Old I = 0".I21 T = O'Mlil U = 0".027 T„ = 0".018 I - 7' - ilill' iif /I'Mllli illslunron. / = /rnilh ilJHinlii'" 111 i-lonmiliiin. T - ■/'„ - liiir III liniii Ir.iiii iliiiii;.iliiiu. ■;'„ V- rlini, llnMiorrliinaillinil. dr -- (lill'i-rriilial ri'liMi-lioo. 1 8 7 Q . UNITED STATES NOltTHEUN BO'^NDAliY. SEPTKMBKlt 21. Statioh, Caup Ho. 1, nkau I'kmuika, Da;.. ObHervationn to determine the value of one ditmon of the, level of Zenith Telescope Wiinle- mann Mo. 7, in terms of the micrometer. Mark, vrosxhairs of Zenith Telencoj)e Ko. 11. [ObHrrver, W. J. T\viiiin){. Cnptaiii Uiiltud 'it.itus Kiifsliiucrs.] No. be' t* . ts gS. .11 Mouii(>. 11 Mt'Ulld. I.fVil Hint lull. I..'Vi.|. lKl^l siToml iOD. o & a ■ a ?1 o 8 . - a A . '> 3 a. a (' I' X. S. X. S. 1 'S.\. sw . .'If 1 ■^■3.: 10. 2 fA 2 ,V. H no. 3 OO. 00.0 14.3 14. 3 14.3 44. 31. 1 1. ijiii . 01. -18 . oootj:.o J •u. r,7i •,M. .'i7-< SI.OI---J . o'.ni . !IP7 21. OPT 1^.1 IH. ;i lti.3 .W. 5J.'J 31. 34. 5;).b 2(1. 2 20. 2 20. 2 3:). 40.0 1. 1 IfO . UO.Mi .000031 i SI.0K7 . n'.id •J4. 3!I3 V,"p. 411 .4i:i .4r.i 1!:>.413 17. !l IH. 2 Id 2 S0..1 .M1.0 53.11 ,M. 7 54.7 1!). 3 ia4 I'.l. a 37.0 42.0 1. \x<\ .0(1 2 . 0(10007 U at. !i',i."i .pfii 24. 9',hi . 4iiii 2.'>. Ai H.:i iti.;i :.\ 5X ;i 3J.2 34. fkl. 34.0 l'.l.2 10.7 111.3 3.-I. 3 4('. (i 1. 1437 . IW4 . {:o»m li . -lull i-|.3'.P!l ■J,\ tl.'>7 . M'lt Si'jOJ 10. n 10. 1 '0.0 37.2 .'l.-'i 34. 4 51.3 H.3 1^.0 If. 2 3f . •10.4 1. 2002 . Oili'.l . oii:ei7 7 liiejtl . •jr.'.) .-7!j 20. 274 10.2 10.2 10.1 .'.0. 3 .'.0. 2 30. H .Ml. 3 3J.3 10. 10. 1 If. a 37.3 41. U 1. ll.kl . 02di« lH..'i:iu ..-.11 . .VJ8 IS.VM 21.0 21. 21.0 4').n 4!).0 411. 1 30. « .Ml. 4U.U 10.1 10. rt 20.1 211.0 30. 2 1.U414- Mi'illi iif I'l lovi'l = l.!. 1433 1 (1070 E ^ O^l (13,-.0 T ^ O'l 0,'40 i„ - 0'I.0II3 i„ -■ 0'l.0(17ll ' Ki'jrilo*!. I'l /. r. Millii. .- 0' .7f073 1' /. V. I.iM'l - (.".Kl'Ji m : li ri I; ii: hill \$ i • Siljj 18 7 3, UNITED STATER NORTHERN BOUNDARY. JCNE 15. Station, Camp \o. 2, 20 milks west of Pemiiixa. OliKefi'ations to determine the value of one division of the leirl of Zenith Telescope Wiirde- inann Xo. tiO, in terms of tlie micrometer. Mork, cross-hairs of Transit Telescope Xo. 4. [Observor, Lewis Boss.] 1 I- I . ». ^ T No. 5- MU.1D8. t? 21. ,';42 .."^40 ^Iraus. I.i'vcl. flrKt ]utHitiou. I.ovi'l, scc(m(l |)ut*itioii. c tt 1 ?5 a.- |£ 3 r r V \. s. N. 8. 1 21. mo .Oil .ow 21. 030 21.512 13.0 l:'..6 14.0 4.'i.3 45. 44.5 48. 5 40.3 40.4 10.2 Oil. 08.0 35.0 ,mc 1. 421 .019 .c;j30i S 21. .'.411 .5:in .r>« 21.531? 22. 1 11 .1H4 . 12S 82.131 08.0 (8. 2 08.4 .'.0. 1 4:1. e 40.2 51.8 52. 52. 1 00. 5 OX 8 05. 4 43.7 ,v.i. 3 1. 3.-17 .083 . 006889 :i 27. Oil.-. .0>o .102 27.007 27.li42 . (l."i> . (i.'iO 27.C30 07.3 07.8 07.0 .W.4 40. 5 40. 4.\0 41.8 44. 2 12. 1 12.4 li7 37. 25 5:1. 3 1.485 .015 . 002025 i 26. 71! 1 .748 26. 7.'.2 27. :tS;' .3-8 .383 S7.387 0.-..2 05.0 05. 1 51.8 51. 51.0 40. 2 4!1. 1 40.2 07. 1 07.1 07.0 44. 45 03. 5 1.429 .011 . 000121 9 .S-JO 10. WJ SO.M . 31>2 .3ti4 80.386 07.4 07.0 110.3 48.0 48 5 40.2 44.4 44.0 4:1.4 10.0 11.3 12. 37 1 50.1 1.512 .072 . 005184 6 SO. ;«!? . ;i:-iO .^Uil 20. 361 20. 8-0 ail. 8^0 07.3 oc. 0."i. 5 4.^.1 4:l. 4 40. ti 4.-. 41.0 43 .- 10.2 10.8 11.3 38.2 5-i8 1.382 .OW .003:104 1 10. 8:.ii . (^V.l 211. li.VJ 21.412 . 4:(; . 4."i; 81. 4 15 O.-i. 7 OVO 0... 1 40.3 .■;o. 1 50.2 4-'.n 48.3 4-.0 07.0 ( li. »i 00. V 42. 05 f.9. :i 1. 383 .0.-i7 1 1 . 003240 8 jl.-Clli . 1 i-i .11(1 21. -lilH 2r.!i>.o . ;i7ii 81. 0,-0 10.0 0'). 5 00.0 4.'>.0 4.-.. 4 40.0 4-'. 3 4^.3 48.1 00. 4 00. 5 oa 7 38. 85 54. 8 1.111 .020 .100811 9 ai.;ii',> 21.o;i'j 22..}.}!! '. :>i8 2i 5:.5 00.2 (l.V 5 0."). 3 48.0 *.'. 40. (1 41 2 44. 2 41.0 10. 1 10.2 10. li 38. 5 .'iG. 3 1. 402 .02 J 1 .I004S4 10 2J. .'ilO . .■i.M 8-,>..'.l- 2 1. o:i- . I'.VI . (Hi 1 23. 1 35 07. 07. 07.7 40. 4 40.7 40. 7 4iO 4t7 4-!. 8 11.4 11.5 11.5 3-.t 51.0 1. 4,5:1 .013 .00016P " . .".2:1 H. Mi 13.014 . !"(t."i 13. ino 40.3 4!>. 3 40.2 fl.V 0.".. 1 05 2 00. 2 01 i 3 O.-.. 8 48.0 4- 5 41. 15 02.2 1.411 .001 .000001 IS 13. TOO 13. ro:i 13.410 .4111 .413 13.413 4.1. 4 43.2 44.1 10.5 10.7 10.8 10.4 III 4 00. 8 4:1. :i 4:1 :i 41.0 32. 40.0 1.4 .Ol" . 002401 i:t n.4ii .41J . 4JJ 1 1. 41.-. li 833 . 8;4 12. 828 4^.1 4-. 2 48. (( O.'i. 5 0.-.. O.'i. 7 08. 07. 5 07 4 4.-) 40.2 4'i. :i 40. 15 .'■'. 7 1 451 .1111 .I'0(I121 17:i KErORT l)F THE ClUKV ASTKONOMEU. 173 Vitluc of lent — Continued. No. h S3 ii MlMIlS. .5.1 11 IT. r.ii* .lull . llliH 5."i. ■:.(!-, .:iii; . mill 511. .Mil .534 Meniii*. Li'viO. flmt lin.sitiiili. Li'vt'l. Niu'outl lui.sition. "S ■Si c S a i . 11 — i .» .1 V C tl N. s. X. s. 14 15 10 17. HO t .llil . 147 [ 17. Hll 24. fSli a:>.ii44 * .n:18 i . il4n 1 O). 944 17. 1170 ','.-1. ;»o 2li. 5.17 oj.a 0-1. 1 O.-*. 1 117.0 07. :i 07. 1 0.7. a O.'i. .'> 01.8 4.-.. .1 4j. 7 411. 4,'.. - 40. U 4-.:< 47. -J 47. S 44. a 44. :i 44.4 40. 40. :in. 11 4ii. .••. 4H. 4 4(;, (1 09.0 0^0 13.9 la « i:t.o 00.0 oil. a 00. a 30. 4 3a. 95 41.2.-, r,a. 4 4S.8 59.3 1.440 I.4lrv = 0. OOll,*.'! hi;; eo» l„ = H. 440:«-J tjin time = .I''."! »41".a A. K. - !'■ 'l"4.-.'.tl Sid. tinieof i-iniii!. = 1^1' 1H"04'.4 Cum. Ilial = tW' :!" ;l."i'.'l Cliro tiniiMil' I'loni;. = 111'" 31" 3'.l'.8 U. of Pi.liiris, 1' 11»4.V.6;) { of l'olilli.-<, Ft"> :IT' 4J". 1 i,i>, •lr° 5:1' .'.?". sin (z— Zu> = C(]« d pin r— Ti lug Kin f = 9. »mi>n 111); hIu # = !1. 877774 luC eo» ?j = <.l. (i7:'*!W 70 = 40° .W 5.'i".0 & Level. J 1 , .9 '^ 1 ■i fc £ "« ll > e « S b* t T. 1-Ta z-z, 1 J •i = £ ^ Z-Z" ^ s u i3 H ^ r* h. m. «. h. m. ». „ „ „ I as. 2R9 318 18 .10 02.0 -0" 22 37. 8 +480. 74 1ft +0.10 - .0014 11.0014 ,3li0. 42 62. 2.30 .184 3.18.3(1 9 84. .-1 •U. .'1 :i;i. m 00 32. 5 ai 07. :i 4.-ii.:in 20 0. .311 . 0,172 n. 0072 558. 711 112. 0:13 40 iniKi ■i ai. a-i. 7 ;i,'. 8 1 57,5 in 4a. :i 42:1. .30 21 11.03 .0007 n. 0007 5.-n. .30 i.a. \-,i 07 oion 4 2.1. 5 an. 3 ;i;i. 3 S.V 18 14. 8 302. 118 22 0.80 .0113 0.0113 538 no 02. 027 48 a:i04 r •il. an. I ;,:i. a 4 40.5 l(i ,311.3 302.4:1 a:i 0. no .01:10 il.OMO 530. :in n-i 0(13 10 100 ; il Si .-1 a-i. 7 na. n 21.0 13 18. 8 320. 7 I u.oa 33 0. 73 .0108 ft. 0108 3.37. 2-2 01.8:1:1 .a:tn ,3,3nftfl H 111. -< an. 1 3J.8 2:1 3H. 3 01 58.7 42.02 :iii -Wl. p3 + .0122 0.0122 5.38. 81 112. 0011 on 47ni r.i ■JO 111. l.-i. 5 an. 1 art ft 3in 34.4 a5 o."i. •.fl 30. 5 U.I •i.-i. a 04 50. 7 7:1. in 101. :i7 1,1. ai-i.c 33. a7 ,37.5 Oli 17.7 1:1.-1.00 Mean d-' .0^3 ± .01: aj 11.3 an. 4 3i3 SO 2:1. 07 4:1.2 inn. 2.1 •j:t 11. an. 3 .12. li 30 4a 3 on 0". 7 1!'0. iPfi Meiin. 02". 073 24 I.I. 3 an..") ■XI. a 32 in.o 10 :in. a aai. 43 I'orr. fur rel'rae.. t 0".(i:ll •J5 111. an. 3 3a. 3 :i:i 4:1. 3 12 0:1. 7 a-vt. 7:1 Vnlilii of one t urn of niicroni.. 02".014 »i 1 a. 3 an. 3.1.0 33 oa. 3 II a-i. 7 200. 20 •J7 la. a8.ii 3:1. a 3(i :n.o 14 .37. a 321.02 I = O'MIS a-i 11.3 an. 3.1. 3-H 02. 5 111 ai7 :iij. 33 T = 0".07!l •/.I 11. an. 4 32.7 30 a:i.3 17 4n.7 ■MX no '., = o".oati :«) K). 3 a'.i. 32. 2 40 .37. 5 m 17.7 41.1. m r, = 0".010 .11 1(1. '£>. 5 :ii3 42 24. ao 44. 2 4411. n ;i.' IP. 5 211. 31. 43 47. 3 aa 07. 7 4;. -1.08 ;u 11. an. H 32.2 43 10.5 a:i :i(i. 7 .'107. 7- :ii C..! an. 32. :i 40 44. 5 a3 04. 7 3:'n. 20 ;i.-i ». an. :i'2. u 4-1 0,'i.» an an. 1 .3!i-i.2l :io 7.5 ;w. u 32.0 40 an.o -fOO a7 ,30. 2 -1101.43 174 i 18 7 3. UNITED STATKS NORTIIEKX HOUNDAUY. Jink 14. Station, Asthonomical Camp No. •-'. Obsen'iations to dckrvilne the value of one turn of the micrometer of Zenith Telescope Wiirdemann JKo. 20, at the eastern elongation of Polaris, Chronometer Xcgus 1513, sidcrial. [01iBt»rvor, \V, J. Twininp, f'nptntn United Slntrfl EuRlnecrs.] AhkuuipiI Intiliulo, ■(r'°.'>n' .W.O A. K. Ill I'.ihiri.", l' 1I"4(;mI 6 vf IVvlarlB, f 8" 3T 4\;".0 rV; log rot 1? = a ntnam \oa Innj;* = 0. 0li{VJ4 Ion COS li,= f.4 1110:1:1 l„ = S^^ '.'."■' t~".li f„lntlino = - .'ii'Ml" iWi A. U. = II' II" ■(llvtl Rid. liiiUMif cliiiiK. = l!!* I,-- (i>.4 (iiti). fa«i = Id'' :!'" :i.v.o Cliro. Iiim> nf cli.iij;. = llii'i;!'" ■10'.4 Kin (Z - Zii) = cos d siu (T- Tjl Inn sill (I - 0. rnoi'M hifi sill ^_ ;; is M 5 It h. m. «. tn. j». n „ 1 '.ill. '34. 7 24. .'> la 4rt 41.0 _:i2 ,Mi. 4 -707.20 21 - .» -.011.1 !l. iV'-'i^.l li^jo. 17 li-J.O-1 .012 114 •J an, Ti '.'1. :i '2'.'. 7 so HI..'. :il 'jo.o 0711. 11,'. •22 .4 ,0li6rt 0. '.104'2 (121.04 112 1 III 411 Hill :i '-'■J. ■-' t. :i 24. - r.i 4.-.. .'1 20 r,4. (i I'J. Il.'i 2:1 .;i.i , 00.10 0. 0'.l.'iO liW..-l iii.'.iij .Hi :i.-:i 1 1 4 '.27. ."1 •.;i.4 2l.fi ri;i 11.,'i 2H 2H. I11-J.02 21 .4 . 00.11 0.0012 ! (117. lij i:i.7'.i-' . ; 02 01 -11 .'1 ■-•7. ■J 1. 4 24. « .14 :):i. .'1 27 llli. ri-'J. 70 •J.-) .4 . r.o.-H '.1. 0042 (1211. .-12 112. ||^.•* IJ 111 ti •J(i. 5 •.: 1. :t 24. .'i.-i .v>. •J.-i 41.4 .'..-.-J. :tO 2li .4 . i),i;.H Oii4J 1121.112 li-J. 101 in OMH 7 •Jci. ■-'4. :i 24. .'1 .17 22. .1 21 17.0 rex 40 •27 1. Il.'i .01.11 0.0-4:1 1.22 Hi (iJ .110 .210 4 lino H ','.*». .') '.'1. :i 2 1. .1 .-IS .',l..'i 22 l.'i.'l 4H0. ii:i 21 1.0 .0144 0. Of jli li-JO. .•.:! rj. 1 i;i 1:1 IMO 1) ■J."i. •-'4. 2-..0 10 no 21.5 21 1^.0 4.'.^. .'i4 •JO .li .(lOr^O 0.0014 1121. .Ill iij. 'Jill .110 IJini 10 •J 1. .'. 'J4. 24. 111 .'.0. .'1 10 40.0 4211.71 :ui .11 .0 rli 0.0014 liJO.I'.l 02, nil 42 1701 II "Jl. •■'4. 24. !< 11.) \SA) H •J.\4 :t' li. 41 :ii .7 ,01111 0. Os'.lO li'JO. 1:1 112. o-,ii 24 .I'lil l"J •j:i. .'i •-' 1. 2.'). 04 4l'.. .-1 Hi .".;l. :iii:i. 72 :i2 . 11.7 ,0li04 0. ii'.irii 1117. :i2 01. 7011 .:iM) PlilHO 1:1 •j:i. •j:t.7 2.-1. 2 ml Oil. .'1 1.1 :io. :n.i. 42 :i:i . :i.'i . oo.'.o 11. 00.10 021. II 112 142 43 1704 II •J-J. ,'1 •Jl.O 24. 0; :i 1. .'1 II ITlO ;ii':i. .'14 :ii . ti.-> .011114 !1. OOllll (i J. 74 02 :i:i:i . 2 t.t .14^JH0 l.-i ■«.o ■.'i.ii 2.'i. O'J ('4. 12 :iii. 4 •J71.4.-1 ;i.-i .4.1 . row 0. 00.1.1 (121. -27 112 1117 07 44iO Hi •JL.-i •.':i. H 2\ 10 20.0 II 11.4 24^1 0.1 :iii .:iii . 111143 0. :io.i7 021.77 02 '204 . 1114 10^I0 17 ■Jl.O •a. 7 2.\ 1 1 r.-i. .-) 41.0 ■Jl 0. '.'.■> :i7 .:io . 0(1 i:i 0. 11017 11 10. ,10 01. 0,1:1 . 117 1:11.1-0 IH •Jll. ."i '.j:i. .'1 2.\ 13 21.0 S 10.4 170. 27 :w .1.'. . i;o^.'2 0. 0'.I7,'I i;.l.o7 02 I'Jl 21 411 10 •JO. J 1. :< 2.-1. 1 1 47. .i li .'.'J. H'-.-j:! ;io . 10 .0014 0. ilOrO 0211. 71 02 11(17 1:1 11:0 •Jl) I'.l. .1 •iX .'i 21.0 Hi 14.11 .'. 211. 4 117.10 40 -. 10 -.(Hill 0. Oilrli nji. ;i(i 12. 14.1 41 'JU'^I lO. \r>.r, •,':i. 4 ■ii. (1 2I.H 21. H 17 :i''.o I'.l O.-i. .'i 4 02. 4 2 :il. H7. 0:1 fi.-i. Hi .'j:i 24 1". 17. !i •j:i. A '.':i. ."i 2 1. li 24. .'i '.0 :u.o 21 .M'l.O - 1 ml. 4 + l.-i. li - 'iXH + .'1.00 Jll-nil li^J" 100 ± . 021 'J.'t 17. 'j:(. Ti 24. r. 'S.\ '-Ti. fi 1 1... 1 :i7. 7n Menu, K". 01107 •Jli Hi. ^ 5:1.4 2l..'i 24 .'.:i. ;i :i 1:1. 1 iiU. :i« ("i)rr. foircri-,, -".(i:iu *J7 III. i'AH '.I.'i. 1 ■Jli IRO 4 ;i7. li i'O. ''1 Vului' til lino turn, (1^2". IHH UH 1.-1.5 •JJ. 2.-1. 1 27 4,-.. li 01.0 1:10. 'l! 'J!) i.'i. ■J,'. H 2.-1. •JO 1 1. .•) 7 111. 1 1110. ■' « = 0. 149 :io II,.! '-••J. 2.'. :iii :i'i. H fiS. 101:11 r -; 0. 004 :ii II. 'J-,'. 2.-1. 1 :ij 111. .'1 HI 'J.I. 1 ■J-.'l. to, („ ^ 0. 0:l!l :« 1:1. ,'i 'J-,1. >* 2:'. 1 ;i:i -JT. II II 4li 2-0. 111! T„ 0. (lai :t;i 1:1. 'J','. 2.-1. 1 .14 .'li. .-. 1:1 Hi. 1 2!;i. liO 1 :m 1;. .■! 'J'J. H '2.-..0 ;i(i :io. 14 40.0 1(1 l.'i. 1 17 :w.ii ;110. 20 :I70. 72 i ^' ■.111 liV volclit of liio two Bi'TlPS— llrst l:l ken .1 ine 1:1, ;iii 1"J. 11..') •Ji. ■j:i. 24. 21.8 :i7 'c^. .1 :io 111. flI'C Hid, Jim 14. Aiio|ili'il value ol'iiuetiiin (i2 '. O.V. .UN. :i7 :l^ II. 111. .'1 ■-■:<. 'j:i. 24.0 24. C 40 42 ri 42 1 ;. 5 10 oj. 1 •JO :i2 1 400.111 441. f-0 3!l 10. •J 1.0 '.'4 7 4:1 ;w. ,'. 21 .-i". 1 47^i. .'lis 40 H.ri •.':i. Ul. U 19 4.-1 U7. +'J.l S(i. II 4 .•.04. n l7.^ ?:li- in ^k Ai > .: i j£ J A m '' , \ *K ' $1 1 i 1! li» 1873. UNITED STATES XOliTllEltN BOUND AllY. June 13. Station, Camp No. 3. Observations for valve of one division of level of Zenith Telescope No. 11, WUrdemann, in terms of the micrometer. [Observer, Lieut. J. F. Gregory.] CI t Reftdingrt. Dill'i'li liecH. 1 ■^i Iklicroineter. | Level. Id. V ro "5- Microm. Level. Sacceasive.' Jlt'itnH. N-. S. t. (1. 1 {W. 4 1 Oil..! ■H-J ! 99. 03 CO. 3 10.1 1 81..') 1-3. .I 1 1 80. I 81.7 ie.0 .W. 3 83.7 48.25 1.714 + .04.-. .0030 1 81.3 8-J. i) 'if.i 1 80.8 03.0 14.5 •2 .'.1. U 53.7 1 50.0 S 53. 1 .-•.•J. .1 50.4 3*9.8 88.4 3 S8.8 ai-iio 18.0 «C.9 58.4 10.0 71.4 43.95 1.095 - .044 .0019 3 87.5 3 27.0 ac.a 31. i 3 98.7 99.4 3 88.3 3 38.8 19.0 c.-.. 1 57.7 13.0 70.3 47.80 1. 598 - .073 . 00.53 4 4 0i5 3 99.1 4 01. 9 ;l 91). 3 4 «3. 1 80.8 4 00.3 4 00.1 19.0 88.0 08.3 09.0 71.4 40.20 l..'i4.-| - .134 . 01.54 5 81. a 4 88.9 80.5 8l.ti 5 50. 2 58.8 4 81.7 4 81.4 10.0 CiO 5a5 1,V 7 81.0 48. 9.-, l.(;07 - .0(13 .0000 6 58.1 5 58.8 58.0 £>.'>. 5 8 3:i. 3 38.3 5 57. 5 57.4 17.7 84.0 CO.O 13.0 75.0 44.30 1.707 + .038 .0014 7 37.7 38.0 33.8 38.7 7 07. 7 09. 38.4 30.8 19.0 64.0 58,0 14.1 Bt.O 44.85 1. 80fi + .137 .0188 R 08.1 7 08.3 20.3 57.7 71. 5 43.05 1.8;I8 - ,031 .0010 ■ rc ll IJEPOUT OF THE (JIIIEF ASTKONOMKll. ObservafioitH for rnhie of one division of lerel, dr. — Continued. 177 J « ROTdlUKB. DlfllTCIlCPS. °.i Slicromctor. LevtI. Id V vs Microiii. L.v.l. l_ Siicccspive. MciiUH. N. s. ( i/. 7 07. 5 07.5 Oli. 8 7 07. 3 (11. 14.0 7 H.-i. ;i CKO 8s. i; 7 87.2 17.7 00. :i 79. !1 40. 3 1. 730 + . 0.-i7 .0032 7 ec. 3 B7.0 Hi. 7 f.7. G3.0 15.0 s .5i :i 5.>. 4 10 51. 8 .5.1. 7 51.0 51. H 9 2li. S « 5a. 2 8 5:1.2 24.5 00.8 54. 8 12.7 0.5. a • 3». 15 l.(G5 -0.004 .0000 11 ST. 1 28.3 as. a-1.0 10 07. on. 9 27.0 9 2-'.4 21.0 04.1 57. :) 14.2 74.4 44. 7C 1.0(11 - .005 .0000 12 07.5 10 OS. a or.. 1 111. a 10 SI. 3 so. 4 10 07. 8 10 03. a 19.7 (i:i. 5S.5 1,5. 4 79.4 ■11.35 1.7. 5 14 7l!. a 74. « 14 00. 1 14 oa. 4 17.0 co.o 00.9 18.0 sa 7 4.5. 05 1.800 ■}■ . 131 .0172 IS 70.7 14 7.-.. 9 19. a 58.7 7:l. 5 40. 75 1.S04 - . 135 .oies N 1) U • f 1 P U] 1 1. Ik 178 ITN'ITKI) STATIW NOHTIIKUN TiODNDAUY COMMISSION. Observations for value of one division of level, iCr Continued. 1. IloaiUnga, Diiri'iiMici's. 3-1 ilicroraotor. T.evol. 1 il. y r I' Mlnmiii. 6 •A SnccpftHlvo. Mf^iinx. N. S. I.ovrl. 1. a. U 71. S . 7li. 71.0 14 7.-I. 1 08. 3 10.0 1,") It*. •,' 17.!) 19 1(1.0 l.i 17. 17. a 47. :■ 10 1". 7 17 15 47. 4 15 47. 4 33. 3 11:1.0 .•>5. 7 15.8 73.3 4.V 85 1.577 - .099 . 00?5 ao 1!IU 111 01. 00. 7 OJ. a 60. .'■ 18 n- :i 10 l^.7 18 oa 20.5 M.e ,'i7. 8 19.7 -1.1 • 13. 05 1.080 + .011 .0001 ai 09.1 10 7'.0 ll'.i. 8 r.7. 8 17 :i7. :i :i7. in 10. 1 18 80. 19.8 115. .IS. 5 n. 1 07.1 38. 00 1.738 4- 059 . Ml 15 « :io. 17 :iii. 7 ;iii. .-. ;i7. H 11. -1 111.1 17 ;i7. 1 17 :io. 7 •A 7 80.3 55. 3 11.7 07.3 43. 35 l,.593 - .0:0 . 0058 ■a lio IS 11. ;i 11.0 11.0 19 S7.0 po.a IS 11. :i IS 13. 1 31.:' 81.0 .111. 5 14.0 71. 8 11.90 1.1:01 - .(»8 . ooni 84 01.0 18 01.5 !I0. 01.1 insT.'a .■ill. a 18 8?. 4 18 ilO.O 19.5 u;i.o 58. 5 15.4 78.3 41.50 1.715 )- .018 .0031 ■as 53.0 1!) .ir I 54. ;) so :i:i. n :ri. 3 i» .m 1 19 .Vi. 7 3?. 5 8.-1. ."•5, 8 1:1. 5 8.V 3 40. 15 1.813 - .0.-)7 . (1033 30 •,io. 20 in. :t.'.. n :i4. 31 01. 1 n:i. 7 30 :ia. 4 ao :il. 4 19.8 85.8 .-.8. 5 l.',. 7 70.7 4,-.. 10 1.701 4- . 033 .0810 27 oa.o 21 04.8 m. n 04.3 21 Sl-i 31 03.7 21 04.0 30.0 03. 5 5?. 3 10.0 09. 3 4i.85 1. 835 - .011 .onio 38 C2.5 ai 81. T 30.0 53.5 77.7 18.50 1.C03 - .087 .001.) ItlirOUT OF Tllli CHIEF AaTliONOMEIl. OOaervatiom for value of one diviaion of level, de. — Coiitiiincd. it KomlliiKK. DlfltTClK-M. i 1 d. I' t)t> MitTomettT. L.'Vi-l. ■S-5 MKTdtU. Uvil. e ... SiUK'enalvi'. MOOUB. N. S. - (. .;. SI 80. H.-I. 8-.'.0 81 88. ,1 03. 1.18 23 «i 4 on. w 0:1.8 88 CO. tl'J. U CO. H S3 :t;). ,'. 34. 3 88 03. 8 88 (il. 1 80.0 til'. 1 58.5 10.7 79.7 48.69 1.860 f . 191 .0305 30 33.0 83 38.4 :i4. ;i :i4. 6 84 10.7 83 33. 8 S3 33. 7 88.8 04.0 50.2 14.0 7i7 45.70 1. 591 - .078 .0001 31 id!b 84 II. 8 10.0 07. r> 84 87. H •ili: 8 81 11. I 21 09. 8 80.8 0.-.. 9 58.5 13.3 T7.4 43.70 1.770 + .101 .0109 39 87.8 84 87. 8 88. U on. 25 r.e. 8 r.K 8 84 87. 5 84 68. 9 20.8 08.0 .W.O 17.0 77.7 4.'i. 50 1.700 + .039 .0015 33 CO.l) sa 50. n a), a (10. .-i sa 81.8 80.8 85 .Ml. 23 CO. 1 80. 5 03.0 .')7. 8 17.3 70.1 41. 15 I. 703 -i- .034 .0018 34 10.7 80 81.0 81. Ir'.O 2fi8-'.7 80 80. (■) 80 80. 7 84. 8 CO. 3 5.-I. 13.8 (iO. 5 .37. 7,". 1. 1'ill3 - OCfi .0049 (■0.0 3J 89.8 SB 87.0 el. :l 8r'. ."i 87 4-, 8 47.4 20 89. 3 80 88. 1 83.8 68.0 .■id. 17.7 08.0 43. 'X, 1. rm . 078 .0059 30 4Ci7 27 47. 9 40.0 47.0 88 11.8 l:l. .'i 87 47. 4 ' 87 40. 7 84. :i 05. 5 5.-I. 1 U.S ,7.1. 3 37. r,5 1..'.71 - . one .0090 37 14. 28 13. 9 88 13. 1 13.7 14.5 28 13.1 88 74.9 7.-.. 4 81.1 03.0 5."). 7 10.9 07. 3 41.4.' 1. 031 - .048 .0033 38 74.5 88 74.9 84.3 5.'i.5 01.8 38.05 1.599 - .070 .0049 179 in in ■*t i • 180 UNITED STATES NOKTUERN IJOUNDAHY COMMISSION. OhservatioM for value of one (llvhUtn of Tjcrel, ifc— ('ontimicd. k Brailliiga. Iilir'n.iiofK. 1 il r rv Mlcromoter. Level. "s- MU-runi. 30 Suoflesstve. lIcnuH. N. S. 40. K, t. d. 88 7.1. :i 7.1.9 7.1. .1 S9 40. -i 3!). 7 31). 7 •in 74. it ail 39. u 05. 84.0 1.-.. 55.7 ii.'i. 11 i.;.!ii .07m . 00111 40 89 41.3 41.4 4'J.U 30 II1.M Iti.U 10.5 Ml 41..1 :io 111. 4 IW.O 21.5 la. .It'. 3 74. !i 411. 40 1. 014 . or,.i . oo:io 41 30 17.8 IKO 17. il :io fo. 7 80.1 (^1.8 30 17. !l 30 81. 1^4. S4.3 HI. II 5.1.8 (13. 1 39. HO 1. .■i>5 - .0^4 .0071 . -.2400 d = i.oofs i .m-i. 1873. UNITED STATKS NOUTIIIiUN JJOUNDAUY. Junk 14. f lATION. ('AMI' No. 3. Determiiialion o/ rahie of one turn of ihr Minomctii; Zenith Telescope Wiirdvmann Xo. II, bi/ obxerraiioH of Volar is at eantern ehnujnt'wn. jObHtrvcr, Ciiptaiii J. I-'. (Jrc^inry, UiiiUitl Stuti'H Kii^lnciTH.) # - 41)'' 00' 03". TImo of elonn. liy c limn. H-l. In'' •J.'p'" -.N'.o. a if « 11 I.I'Vl'l. Hi iiii 1 T T-Z. / - /„ 3»B fl /-/. U N. s. "' V Y.i a h. 111. t. m . ». 1' 1 f* '< >> 1 R 39.0 4*0 m .18 r.''. 5 - -K 'J!!. 5 + 097. 1 with 18 IM77 404. 73. 7113 .010 S IH.5 3K 5 n. 8 ,14 33. ,1 30 ,14. 5 lillr'. 8 II .4-,7 411.3 75079 . 0-0 3 9. 3c. 3 48.3 .'lO 18. 8 a<.i 1.-.. - 0-i'< 8 3 II .4-1 40«. 1 , 74.410 .017 4 9.S 37. 3 4'J.5 .17 .11". '.: 87 '.'9 « .190. 9 4 11 .4-7 407. 1 i 74, 194 . 8115 S 10. 3f . .'. 4'j. 4 18 .19 89.8 8.1 :.: 8 558. 5 •15 10 .475 41.1.3 7.1. 4H.I l.O'iO 6 10. .-> 37. 11 41 4 19 01 a-j.:" 81 1IJ.7 518. 1 17 .498 409.-. 74.510 111 1 11. 37. S 44.0 03 (M. 5 'J8 19,5 4M1. 8 7 1» .,108 408, 74. 074 . 385 B ii.n 37.7 44. .1 04 .17.0 •80 31.11 4lr. 4 8 19 . 499 400. 8 1 73. noil . 4.13 9 VJ. 3('. 4 44.0 00 39. 3 18 4". 7 401 8 9 ao .488 407. 1 ! 74. '.'Ill . 1,8 11) 18. S 37. n 41.0 on 80. :< 17 07.5 308. 5 10 81 . 498 408.4 74.303 . 0.111 II i:i. 37.1- 41.8 10 0.1. 15 'il.O 3;ii. 1 11 aa . 497 407.8 ' 71. |80 .813 I'J i;i. .1 37.7 43. T) 11 .10.0 13 a-'.O aon 83 34 .488 400. 9 ' 74. '.••.'5 , 174 l:i 14. 37. 3 44.0 13 3-i.1 11 ,1.1.5 8.111. 8 34 35 . 190 409. 8 , 74. a94 . 1(5 II 11. :i 37. K 43.7 K) 13.8 10 11 8 a-jo. 7 8.1 30 . 4!I0 409. 74. 4119 . 100 l.-> 1".. 37. 1 44.0 to ;>o 08 ;ij. 183. 8 80 37 .488 409.3 1 71. .1-1 . 1-8 Hi 1.'.. .-> 37.1 04.0 1)* 43.4 00 41. 14.1.8 87 38 .4ifJ 407. 8 ; 71. 853 . no 17 i«. 37.0 41.1' 80 80. a 05 01.8 108. 4 88 39 . 498 408.7 7 1.417 .018 18 111. .1 37. (■ 41.4 88 00. 7 0:1 81.3 Tia 89 40 .49» 410 8 , 74.718 • ■'!!,' 1!) 17. 37. 1 41.0 83 SI. 5 - 01 30. 5 .i 34. fi 30 41 . 4!8.' 407. 8 71. 144 80 17.5 311. 7 44. .'. 8.1 34. 5 + (Kl Oil. 5 - I8i 3 31 48 .4h- 407.4 74.a35 '. uU ai X*. 3(i.8 41.8 a7 19. 01 51.0 39. 9 38 43 .4- 411. 1 , 74.909 . 510 w 1^. :> 37.3 41.0 89 01.7 0:1 3:1. 7 70.7 33 4 1 ,1. IMl 407. 1 74. 807 . 198 •a 19. 3li. 7 41 fi 30 40, ,1 01 1-5 114.3 '.'4 19. 5 3I>. II 44.0 38 •>. 07 IHI. 1.10.8 ii.-> ao. 30. 4.-.. 31 11.3 08 4 1, 3 1-7.8 n = 74". 147 su so.s 30. 44.7 31 .11.5 10 -Zf. 5 •883. 8 CiiiT. for rif. : - . oin 87 81. 311. 4 41.9 37 311. 18 08, II •Jill. 3 Vii ucol'olH' till 11 = 74", 31 1 .003 'U ai.r> 311. 4.-I. 39 8.1. 13 5,1, *.''.)9, •.11 •w. 3.1. H 4r.. 1 41 0-.'.5 15 31,5 3:11, 3 :io 88. 5 3:i. f 4.-.. 8 4i 51.0 17 •,<:!, 11 37 1, 1 * Ki'iH'tci 31 83. 311. 4r..o 41 30. 5 19 08, 5 4|i!l, 4 I Thin l« 1 n' inlrn'nl .1. 5 rcvohitloim corrcrtril fo ;ta ffit .'l 30.1 4..O 40 09. 3 80 41,3 445 Uic iliUVrriiie in tho Icvfis lit th« two (ib8«Tv,itiiiur>. 3:i 84. 311. 4.\ 1 47 5:-. 5 •J8 30. 5 4-1 1 34 a4. r. 3.V 7 4.".. 49 4-J. 3 •81 II :i 581.8 S.'S 9.-.. 30.0 4:.. 'J 51 'J:. 8 8.1 59 8 5.1-. 3(i S5.5 30. 41.0 53 1.1.0 •87 47, 511!, 8 37 a«. 311. 1) 4.1. ,1 51 .10. 89 8-, 03 1 1 :n a«. .'. 30. U 4,1. .1 .10 :17. 8 31 09,8 009, 1 39 37. 3.-I. 4.1. 11 19 .18 !i7.a 38 5'.l, 8 7118.3 40 •it. i :'ii. a 4.1. .1 •80 00 14.8 31 40,8 7111. 1 41 8H. 3.I. 6 40. 01 .M.8 30 -...I. 8 7-1.3 4J a^ .'i 3:0 411. 0:1 33. 3 •88 0.1. 3 810.8 4:i •J9. 3.-I. 7 40. (1,1 m. 3 39 .10. 3 8.1II. 1 44 •J9.3 3.-I. 4 40.8 ao 117 04. •4 41 30.0 - t91.3 181 J i'.r i," \':-^ 1878. UNITKU STATK8 NORTniiRN llOUNDARY. July U). Station, Tuiiti.k JIolxtain Dkcct (ea»t biiib), I)ak. OhHermtiom to determine the value of one dlvmon of the Icni of Zenith Telescope Wiirde- mann No. 11 in terms of the inivronuter. Mark, croxn-hairH of Transit Telescope Xo. 4. [ObHvrvrr, W. •!. Twining, Ciiptiilii Uiiitoil Stulim Kngincorn.] Xo. si »l II 7t Moaii!*. a 3 1! n so. 77,'i .7h:i .77-J I.l'VC |i .■If a .4f3 ai. 4ro 80.777 ,'■7. 4 57. 5 07.(1 l.'..o l.'..U I.V2 .57. 8 .57. 9 58. 8 48.4 71.3 1. 079 V! I'.i. W'U . !«0 .UJl .00!) 1!>.!113 30. OOd .11:11 .111(1 .(11(1 Sil. 01(1 1(1. U 1(1.- 17.(1 10. !t .57.8 .57. 1 57.1 57.0 .57.7 .57. II 57.8 57.7 1.5.8 1.5.0 I.-..II 1.5. B 41.0 711. 3 1.715 111 8110 U •:o. .MCI ai. -v-i .3!-l . 3(;,'i ai.370 l.-i. 7 1.-1.(1 l."j. 5 .'8. 2 ;«>. (1 5!-. 8 .'9.6 5«. 5 .'.8. 5 1.5.4 1.5.5 l.-i.H 43.0 78.3 1. 821 00 3000 4 •J1.3.',7 . :i..a 2i.a'>^ 89.008 .000 23. 007 1.'.. !l 111. 1 10.8 58.8 58.7 ,'i7. 5 57. a 57.7 17.3 17.3 17.5 41.4 7:i. 9 1.7-5 21 678 !W.0!18 . OMt .in;i Vi. 0!>7 3-J. ft!.'. . t-(W .r07 2.'. 8 1:1 10,3 I'.I. 3 111. 2 .50. 4 5(1. 8 50.0 .59.0 (0.0 C0.(l III. (1 1(1.7 16.7 49.4 71.(1 1. 772 „ 181 n 81 Ml .Mi7 .tJOJ •a. SOS 8:1. 4!l(i . .'.0(1 . .10:1 2:1. 508 in.« 111. lU.O .57.8 .57. 3 57.4 !'f>. 58. J t8.0 18.8 18.8 18.8 38.9 C9. 4 1.781 . ' 2:1. 4117 .Jill S3. 483 2I.2B5 . 2(1:1 .800 S4. 805 10.0 10.0 15.8 (1.3 01.4 01.8 58. 7 .58. 7 .58. 8 18.5 I8.H mil 43.9 78.0 1.8H .57 3319 H 84. 2.V> .117(1 a4.S3» SI. 93:1 .047 .041 94.048 20. 21. 21. 3 50.9 ,50.0 .■^0.0 ro.o (0.0 01.0 10.8 10.8 10.8 39.9 oaii 1.718 49 S401 U 10 ai.MO .»4-J .1138 a').7ai .714 .7i;t 85. cm .713 .Olio 811. 4.'iO .40:1 S5.700 2S.4'.7 18.5 IK 5 18.3 18.0 17.0 17.0 .■^9. 5 .59. « rail 59.0 (0.1 (10. Cl.O 01. 1 CO. 8 00.8 60.9 Cl.O 10.8 16.7 10.9 III. 10.5 10.5 4J.7 41.3 70.7 74.7 1. 71II1 1.72.. 35 an (g'U IS*; S5.71IJ III V. of lovcl == 1. 701 li V. mi{^rn 111. t r T -. .049 r^ .033 = .010 , = .010 IW til 18 7 3 UNlTlil) STATES NOUTIlIiUN HOUNOAUY. July 18. Station, Tuiitle MorNTAiN DgroT (u*iit iiim'.), I),\k. Ohitcrvatiom to dvtermiiw the rttlncof one turn of the m'wromcter of Zenith TeliHeope WUrde- mann No, 11, by the eautern eUmijution of I'oliifis; Chnmoiiittir l.'il.'l Aeyuit, [Obierver, W. J. Twinliii,', <'n|>liiiii Uniliil Slutta CDKiniTntJ Intc t.ini!* = o.iifiinil-i („ = r-,- 1 ;;.' oi".a l„ln lliiix - :>'' .'i." IO'..'i A. K - |l' U" n:!i Sill, tiin.'of I'lolii;. = lO* If "^ll'.O (JlintihiMit'ti'r (Mirr. = ii^ lJ'"a.V.H ('lira. tiiuiM'l(iii((, i.- l!|i' ;ll'"0^'.8 A. I!, iif I'dlnriH, l* 13" 17V,'. 8 III' l'i.liin», fh" iiv •f;i".;i Ahhii il ^, tjo 0:l' U'MJ 8ln iZ-Z,) - C(i» il gill (r- r. liw sin if .. ii.iiiinm.'iti lll)[»i>l -^ ll,H>ll(M 1(1^ IMW7„ -- !».^■7^^i(i•l.^ !„ -- wjri,v;ii".8 a I.. •-11. 7 117. 11 'JO. 2!l.h 117.7 l:i. ,', 21. H 117. (1 111. 2 1. 11 117. M li". ,-. ai.i; IIH. (1 In. ■."... li ■J-'. 11 n. ,', 21.(1 117. !l 17. 21.7 a 7.8 iii..i 21.(1 iiR a Hi. 2 1. (1 iwa i.v .-, 211. 11 ll''. 2 l.->. 21. II 1I-.8 14.,', S'. 1 1I-. 7 II. 211. 1 If. 11 i:i..', 211. 1 IIH. 7 i:i. 211. 1 ll,-l. H 12. .'i 21. 1 n-.H 1 ■. 2n. 1 ■.t!>. !l II..'. 2'. 2 3r>. 11 11. ll-l. II ll'..-! 2 .. 1 nil. 1(1. 211. .'. n- (1 !l. ,'. 211. .'. :i8 II. 211. (1 ILi. ,'. a.i 211. 1 nil. 1 R 211. 1 1111.2 7.,'. 2'i. 2 nil. 1 /(. VI. H. Ill 111 .'.."...'. Oil 41..'. 0.'. 211. 07 01. .". 118 .'.;. HI ni..'. 12 211. II 14 01 II 1.-. 5il. .'i 17 ni.o 111 i,-...'i 20 r.ii. S2 42. .". 24 27. .'. 211 Oil. 27 .'.n. II 211 117. r. Ill 211.11 nil 111.11 IM 4'. .'. "li ;m ,1 :*■' 1.-.. .'. :i:i .'.II. II 41 42 411 2.1. .■> 4". 07. r. 4(1 ."i .'. 4S 110. .'. ,'.0 1^..'. .'.2 01. .-. .'.:i 4.\ ,-. .'..'. 211. II .'.7 111..'. in .'.8 .'.II .0 Oil 41). II 1.2 21). II 01 Ol.'i 0.-. ,'..-.. .-. 07 411. .'. Oil 24. (I 11 07.:. 20 12 .'.1.0 fit. n. -311 07. 11 37 ni.n 2.'. ;iii. 8 211 .'.II. n 22 10. 8 so 2-<. n 18 4 J. 8 Hi .'.8. H 1.'. 12 n 111 a-*. 8 11 47. n 10 on. 8 8 '.II. n 11 n.-.. n 4 511. 8 II (111. 8 - 1 2.V n 4- (I 17.2 2 nil. 2 11 4.'.. 7 ,'. 87. 7 8 ,'il2 10 3 '. 2 12 SJ. 7 14 01.7 1.-. 41.7 17 31.7 111 i:.. 7 21. 07. 7 22 4 J, 7 24 211.2 20 111.7 27 .'.11. a 211 411. 2 ni 2(1.2 nil oil. 7 31 .'.2.7 30 31.7 38 21.2 40 114. 7 I 41 4.-. 2 X-A. -02.'.. .'..'. .V7. 78 iVIl. .'.2 .'.111. .'.8 4711. !H 4411. 114 4112.(11 3l..'.. nil 327. 2.-. 2 11. i: a.'.n. 711 2111. 18 17-. 12 141.fr 111.'.. 4U 118. Ill - 311.112 + (1.17 41. 1.'. M.IIJ 117.112 1 :..-.. nil 1111.30 22 1. 117 21111. 4h 311 1. nil 3ll.ll.'i 377. h8 411.38 4. Ml. h.-. ■188. 37 .'.;.'.. ll:l .'m:2. Ill C II. 22 17. 2(1 07.'. -I 7111.1111 I 74-. 33 7--... -.11 8,'2. 22 8.> HI Ml."., nil I S' a -l.,'.0 1. 0.'. 1.0.'. 1 1. 0.'. 1. II.'. ' 1. 4.'. 1.3.'. 1. ■;o i.'j.'i 1. 'J.'. ! 1.00 .•111 1.11.'. i .10 ' Ji . 0211 1 .III.-'. • OIH". .018,-. .01-.'. . 0.2.'. . If,'20 ■ Ovll . 02.11 . uajii . ii;2!i .0'21I2 .lll'.ll .ol.> .11-.'. .iilnii . IIII117 .111.17 .111.'.- .lll.'iO IB (5 10. I71II1 .4-1.'. .4-1.'. ,4-1.'. .4-1.-. . 474.'. . 47-.1 .47-11 .47-0 . 47-11 .4771 . 4711- .4-21 . 4- 12 . I-I.-. .4-111 . 4iHin .11111 1 .4-12 . 4-.M1 10. 41-08 i /-/ i s 2 7i'0. K'. 74. .'..'.4 7711. 14 . 311.7 1 7711. Ml . 11 111 1 7-11. nil . 4-.'n 7-11. Ill .4l-< 7-11. 1111 ..'.111 ' 7-n. 411 .4-8 ' 7711.77 .4in 778. 10 . '21.0 77r..'.| . 302 7711. 12 .3111 7711. 'JII .413 77.-. 31 . '2.72 7711.11 .1110 77-. 311 . a.'..'. 77-. 82 .'24- 778.11.'. . 2.74 7711. nil . 21111 7711. 117 . mill 777.-1 .181 . 777. ,7 . 100 . 2111 .1^ 711 74 217 144 (ill 81 42 20 1111 02 28 811 no no :!■! 44100 81 3844 (1341 .'.470 47(ln1 •2(1711(1 4701 711.70 17(14 41111 4701 81114 784 71121 11210 HlllO 21101 IJJ!) 2-.112I 111084 Ml .111 viilni' 1. 1' oiu' tnili. 71". 314 1 .Olil Mi'ini. 7l".ill4 Ci.rr. li.i ri'liiii'.. '■.Iilli \'.tliii- ol i.lir t iirii I.I' nut roil... 7l".n08 t II .110 r .i U".07l J„ = 0'.(I24 T„ = C'.OIO 1«J 187 4. UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY. June 18.5. FouT BiTOiiii, Dakota. Ohserratiotis to determine the valiw of one turn of the mkrometer of Zenith Telescope MS' iirdcmann No. 20 ; Chronometer Xegus Xo. 1513, eastern tlonijation of Volaris. (Observer, J. F. Gregory, C.i;>tni:i I'liiteil States Kngiiieers.] CUrououieter-time (if eloiigatioD, 19' 18" K.>. No. Chronoin. time. Correi'tien to motion invertieal. Correctiou lor It'Vfl. Correeted tune. No. Cliroiioin. time. Correction to motion in vertieai. Cnrreetion tor level. Corrected timo. 15rev. in- tirval. « h. 1)1. « g. «. h. m. g. ft. wt. *. ». «. h. VI. «. ' . ». 1 18 as 40. + 11.8 + (1.0 18 38 52. 4 31 19 22 91. 9 0. - 0.7 19 22 21.2 2C08. S 3.7 o 4U 0*. 9 10. 5 + 9.7 40 19. 1 32 23 .50. 5 0. 0.8 23 49. 7 10.(1 .5. 5 3 41 :m.o 9.3 + 0.7 41 48.0 3.1 25 10. 3 0. 1.1 25 1,5.2 07.2 2.1 4 43 m. 3 8 3 - (1.4 43 14. 1 34 20 44. 9 - 0.; 1.1 20 4 1. 7 09. (i 4.5 5 44 32. e 7.3 + (1.7 41 40.8 35 28 10. 0.2 1.1 28 09. 3 08. 5 3 4 6 4lj 00.8 (i. 3 + (1.4 40 07. 5 30 2!) 37. 0.2 1.2 29 3.5. , 08. 1 3.0 7 47 27. .5.5 + (1.0 47 3:1. 7 37 31 03. 9 (1.4 1.2 31 02.3 ; 08.6 3. 5 8 48 54. 3 4.7 + 0.9 48 ,'.9. 9 38 32 33. 4 0.5 1.2 ;I2 31.7 11.8 (i.7 50 24. 4.1 0.0 50 28. 1 39 33 59. 0.8 1.2 ;t;) .57. 1 08.9 3 8 10 51 51.3 3.4 0.0 51 .51. 7 40 35 "7. 1.0 1.4 35 24. 09. 9 4.8 II .'.3 211.1) 2.9 0.0 .53 23. 5 41 30 5i 1.3 1.4 :io 49. 9 00.4 1.3 \i 54 ii>. 2.4 + 0.4 51 50.8 42 38 20. 7 1.5 1.4 ,38 17. 8 07.0 1.9 l;t 5(i 13. 7 2.0 + 0.1 .50 1.5.8 4:1 39 40. 1.9 1.4 39 42. 7 1 00.9 1.8 u 57 43. 4 I.(i + 0.1 ,57 4.5. 1 41 41 13.8 2.3 1.4 41 10.1 05.0 0. 1 1.1 18 59 10. 1.3 + 0.1 18 59 11.4 45 42 40. 2.8 1.4 42 :).5. 8 04. 4 0.7 lU 19 00 38. 4 1.0 + 0.2 19 (.9 39. 40 44 09. 4 3.3 1.4 44 04. 7 0.5. 1 0.0 n 02 01.4 0.8 + 0.2 02 1». 4 47 45 .1.5. 4 3.9 1.4 45 ;w. 1 04.7 0.4 18 0) ;i:i.5 O.ll - 0.2 03 33. 9 48 47 07. 9 4.5 1.4 4li .50. (12. 1 :i.o 19 O.-i (10. 0.4 - 0. 5 04 59. 9 49 4'' 29. .5.3 2. 1 48 21. (i 01.7 :i.4 20 03 27. 7 (1.3 - 0. 5 Oil 27. 5 ,50 49 .57. 5 0.1 1.9 49 49. 5 02. ;i. 1 ill 07 52. 3 (1.2 0.0 07 52. 5 ■ 51 51 2.5. 7.0 1.9 51 10. 1 ■Hio:i. « 1. 5 oa 09 2:t. 3 + 0.1 - 0,4 09 23. .52 52 52. H 8.0 1.9 52 42. 9 2.599. 9 5. 2 •a 10 49. 0. - 0.4 10 4S. .53 54 19.7 9.0 2. 1 51 08.0 2000. .5.1 •it 12 Hi. 8 0. - 0. 1 12 10.4 .54 .55 49. 1 10. 1 2. 1 55 :lll. 9 (111. 5 4.0 25 13 41.9 0. - (1.4 13 41.5 .55 .57 14.7 11.3 l.f 57 lll.O 00.1 ,5.0 au 15 08. « 0. - 1.2 15 07. 4 ,50 l!l 58 4.5. 12.7 1.0 5" :io. 7 0:1, ;i 1.8 ■ii 10 3.-1. 9 0. - 0. 2 10 31.8 57 20 (10 13. 14.1 1.0 19 .59 .57.9 0:1.1 2.0 28 18 03. 5 0. - (1.1 1- 03. 4 58 01 41.5 1.5.0 1.0 20 01 24.3 00. 9 4.2 2U 19 29. 0. - 11. 1 19 28 9 .59 (13 08. 17.;: 1.5 02 49. 8 CO. 9 4.3 30 19 20 50. 0. - 0.2 19 20 .5.5. 8 (iO 20 04 38. 3 - 19.0 -1.5 20 04 17. 8 2002. ;i. 1 LEVEL OH8EI1VATI0XS. 1st rnlitnct lit T3.5.0 OOtli colltaot .it r 5 5 \ Value of one iUvIsIcd of lerol, 0".893. 1 j No N. ( S. j 1 ; Xo. N. i«- d. ! li. i(- i ". Mian. 2ro.5vn5 1 .438 1 18.0 ' 19. 1 27 19.7 1 19.5 loi; :!.4I.5SI(1I 18. 5 19. 1 28 19. ( 19.5 log 15 cos ( S.3;7207l 4 19.0 18.7 30 19. s 19. U logval one turn I.79;i02;t5 5 Is. () 19.2 31 211. ( 19. 4 \ al. one turn 02".090.| 18.8 19. 1 3:1 20. '. 19. 3 'orreeti' n fi rrer aeti .ii. - 0"n'l5 )8,7 19.2 34 29.; 19. 4 Ut.rrerteil v.i iL' one lu n (i2".059 i .010. 8 18.0 , 19,3 30 29. .' 19. 5 9 19.(1 19. (1 40 2(1. ( ! 19. .7 12 18 8 19. 1 47 211. 7 i 19. .5 i:i 19. I'l. 1 49 21. ( ; 19.3 in IS 19.0 19. 3 19. 2 19. 1 .■|(l 5:1 21. ( 21. 1 19.5 19. 4 Mean value .it opted. Hiving the deterniitiation ot •rune 18, 1 oiiiilo welglit, l!l 19.5 19. 1 ."5 21.1 19. (i (2".12(.. 21 19. 2 r>.2 51i 21.1 ! 19.7 23 19.0 19.3 i 59 21. C 1 19.8 20 I 20. 5 19. .' 1 1 ItM 1874. UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY. June 11,5. KoKT BfioRi), Dakota. Ubscrrationg to determine the value of one turn of the micromefir of Zenith Telescope Wiirdvmann No. 20, elonijation of B. A. G. No. 240 (eautcrn), Chronometer NeguH 1513, xidereal. [Observer, J. I''. Grcj;iir,v, C'^ipUin UTnlted Stntcs Englnoora.) Chroiionu'tor-tline of eloDgation, IS* Sfl" 20'. U. A.C.840, apparent plaee, Jr.no U.i. 1874, A. K., 0>> 48"< S9'.3; S Si" SO' 3U". So. Chrimom. time. 3li 05. ■M •i^. 39 M.O 40 .M. 5 41 sn.ii 41 16.0 44 a!<.0 4."i ^^^. 11 4(1 411.0 4rt 111..'. 40 II. .-i .'lO ffll. Rl 41.11 ■IJ is. 34 07. S Xt 1.%. 5 511 !!.'>. 57 36. .'i .'irt 4C.0 00 '. 01 i:i.o 0.' -J-. ii:i :io. 01 i-.r. li.'t ,0, (I 07 I. -1.0 ov j:i..i cm :iii. I 10 40.0 Correction Ut im>tii)n in vertical. + !■ Correction ; Corrected ft)r level. I time. 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 : 3 1. : 1.0 0. K O.tl 1.0 0. 0.7 1.2 .B .0 .0 .t .4 .4 3 .4 h. itt. li 30 37 3" 30 40 41 43 44 4.-1 46 i!^ 40 m M :<6 .17 18 .V 10 GO 01 Oi o:i 01 0."i 07 (H 00 10 10 in. 3 I.',. .■, 'M. H 37. (1 .W. .'iri. -4 l.V 1 •J7. 37. 1 4^ I 00. r 13.7 St". 40. I 47.3 01.3 14.7 ■J4.8 3.-.. 7 47. S 01. U 13.4 •JH. 3 30. 4 40. 1 .',0. .I l.V I •-M. 3i:. 3 4'.;i Chronom. time. I.KVKL Ol SKitVATlONS. Ko, N. s. No. N. it. d. ,1. 1 svo a.1.7 83 21.2 21. 21.H 24 24. 1 10 'H. ■J.l. '.1 2.-1 24. !1 Ml. H Jl.O 27 21. 1 11 -J 1.0 ■,M. 2S 21. 1 1 J 1. f ■S.t. 33 23. 1.-. ■i\.^ •J4. 31 21.(1 10 '^1.0 ■S.I. H 3.1 21.0 17 ■ ai.H ■Jl. 3li 21.0 •^ SI ! S!4. •> 21.1 .'lO 23. a) 1 'U. 1 w. .". ..1 23. d No. N. il. s. .'i2 St. 3 2.V 7 ?! 23. .'i .'3. 3 2,. 7 2.7 rio 2 1. 3 2.-1. 60 21.2 26. II h. m. s. 19 11 .'A 13 10. .-1 14 23.0 l.-i 33. ."i 16 46. 17 .W. ■> 10 OS. SO 21. 21 32. I 22 4.-1. (I 23 5li. 25 i'f. i 26 20. 27 34. 5 2? 46. .'i 20 .W 31 11.0 32 22. 33 36. .-1 34 4!<. 36 III. 37 12. .'i 38 2.V .'i 30 30. 40 .-111. .-1 42 O.-i. 43 16.5 41 32.0 4-1 44 10 46 ,-,... .-, Correcti.iii to iiiiilii'ii in vi'ilioal. Correction for level. Corrected time. ISrcv. in- terval. V ti. s. h. III. ». «. 8. - .7 ■r .7 10 11 .l.-.O ai.V2. 7 2.0 . 0.7 13 10.3 .'l I. c 4.1 1. 1 1. 1 14 23.0 :*\. 2 1.3 1.2 l.-i 33. 4 Xu. H .5.1 l.U . f 16 4.'i.2 54. 3 3. 6 1.0 1.0 17 .'il.6 511. 4 .5.7 2.2 .0 10 06 H 51.7 1.0 2. 6 .0 20 10.4 52. 4 1.7 3. 1 .0 21 20.0 52. " 2.1 3. ,•, .0 22 42. 5 54. 4 3.7 4.0 .0 23 .',3. 5.'. 2 1.5 4. .-1 .0 2.-1 ll.'i. 5 50. f . 1 .I. 1 .0 26 l.'i. 47. 2.8 5. S .0 27 2 '. 7 40. 6 6 4 .0 2- 41. 1 5:1. H 3.1 7.2 .0 20 .-il.d 51. 5 .8 f. 1 .0 31 03. 40. 2 1.5 P. .0 32 14. 1 40.0 .8 O.H 1 33 27. 7 5i 1.3 10.1. 2.0 34 30. 2 52. 1.3 11.0 1..-. 3li .',0. 6 40. 1.7 13.0 2. .-> 37 02. 4H.li 2.1 14.2 2. .1 -M 13. H 4.-1. 5 .5. 2 l.'i. 4 2. .1 30 2.-1. 46. 5 4.2 lli.f 2. 5 4 1 36. 2 47. 1 3.6 IK 2 2. 5 41 10.3 40. .- 0, :l 10. li 2. .-| 42 .-lO. 4 44.3 0.4 21.4 2..-. 41 II. 1 4:1. 2 i.:i 21.0 2. 5 4.-, 21. .-1 47.2 3. :, - 21.7 -'' ■ 2. 10 40 33. 7 2114 .-i 6. .; B rl nlLtilel V ]■ ''4:5 )■ ^'"'»<-'"' -■•■»■ diviM,m of level, O'.MKI. "jle.m, 2IJIV.71 ± .412 loK. ;'.. ■13J.-.S70 lo^ 15 con?, f. 4012136 liif; value one liiin, I.70H.'I5 \aliii' olii' llirii. 62 '.2 I4.-| rcoierlicili liir lef.. -0 .011.-, Value of uiir turn correc'ed, 6i''.i;3 ± .012 1^5 1874, UNITED STATES NOETHEKN BOUNDAUY. June 15.5. Four Buponu, Dakota. Observations to determine the value of one turn of the micrometer of Zenith Telescope Wurdeman7i No. 20, Chronometer Negus 1513, eastern elongation of Polaris. lObacrror, J. F. GnuoTy. Captain United Stales Engineers.] Clironoiucter-tlme of elongntion, 11)'' 18" 10*. in m >k X(i. Clironoin. time. h. m. 9. is 111 liU :tl nil. 11 3{i 07. 7 .17 X>. (i ;)fi on, 40 »7. 4 4i 114. 7 41 :io. (i 44 .'i7.5 4(1 1!7.0 47 r.4.7 411 a:l. t! M M.'2 M 111. H 5;) 47. :> M iXO .'.() 3'.i. r, .'".^ i:i. s 18 Kl :i(i.o lu 01 04.:) 01 3iO o:l .'!-. 5 (i.-i i!7. n 19 UO 54. 5 Correction to mot ion in vertical. 8. 4- 17.3 l.'i. 7 M. 1 12.7 11.3 10.0 9.0 t-.O li. <> ti. 4. r. 3. S 3.3 3.7 a. 3 i.ii Correction lor level. 1.2 1.1 ii.4 2.4 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.4 + t'orrected time. h. m. s. IS 33 i*. 1 34 51.2 .IB 20. (i 37 40. 4 30 If. 1 40 4.V0 42 11.3 43 30. 5 4.-1 OJ. 3 40 31.2 47 .V. 2 40 20. 4 !)0 .13. 3 .V4 18. 4 53 4K 5 55 10.2 50 40.0 58 13. » 18 59 30.8 19 01 O.-i. 4 OJ 3:1. 1 0.1 5h. 7 05 21-. 4 I'.l 00 .').•!. 3 No. Clirononi. time. h, m, g. 19 08 19. 8 CO 47.0 11 13.4 12 43. 14 08.2 15 33.0 10 .5C.2 18 27.5 10 54. 31 21.4 82 47.0 24 1.V8 2.-1 41.3 27 07. 8 2« 3.'..0 30 03. 7 31 20.0 3J 58. 2 31 82.4 35 48. 1 37 Hi. 4 3S 4.5. 8 40 11.3 19 41 30.2 1 Correction tomollon i!'. Tcrtic.M. «. + .8 .1 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. .3 .4 .(1 .8 1.0 1.7 8.0 - 2.4 Correction for level. + .6 .5 .r, .1 .8 1. 1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 I.S 1.0 1.0 1. 1 .9 1.5 1.7 l.M 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.1 + 2.1 1 Corrected 12 rev. in- time. terval. h. m. ». «. 19 08 20. 1 2092. 5 00 47. 1 03.4 11 13.9 ! 93. 3 12 43.7 07.3 14 09.0 90.0 15 34. 1 80. 1 10 .59. 3 Ha. 18 28.5 »2. 19 5.->.0 92. 7 at 22. 5 91. 3 23 48.8 90. fi 24 10. 90.2 85 42. 3 89.0 27 08. 8 90.4 28 3->. 7 87.2 30 04. 9 ^8.7 31 30. 9 9.li 20. 211. 5 -.0. 9 21.0 21. 8 48111 contact at r '12 5 \ ^'"'"'' "'' """ '"^■'i''''" "f '"*■*' ""■*'"• Ml (111, 20«)'.2 lo)!. 3. 31!19.-I10 loK 1.5, 1.17rO'il3 loj: c » «, 8. 3772074 III 8, 87: 8787 ; 12. 1.07111 12 loK vulne of ulli' tnrn. 1. 7I':0975 valni- one turn, l2 .211 CoiriM-tioD f.-r ri'f . — (i'.032 True viilui' one turn, 63", 212 ± IM ' ll II I? 18 7a. UNITED STATES NOUTHERN BOUNDARY. Determination of Chronometer corrections of Chronometir Negus Sidereal 1511, bi/ Transit Observations. AT Station No. 1, Ihitiai. Poist KKAn Pejidina, D*k. Bate. Ohjects. Sfpt. 12. 4. flCygiii, aCrphoI, f Aqnarii, cr(»gnfil, 79 Drncoiiis, aAnnarii, tf Aquaiii, irAqunrit, ODrao l!k-]it. Id. 5. .: AqiiitfD, Y Aquilu', irCophet, Gr. 3i!41, 13-Yr. IfcTy, a Ct'iihci, a Aquani, 3a Uis. Mi^., 9 Drac, I Cephoi.o Ft'K.lwl Sept. 26. r>. u* PiHriuni, 4 Drnc, a CaAsinp., < rincitini Sept. 28. 4. o Cy(;iii, fi Aqimrii, v'' Ure. AlnJ., 1 Drac. , f Aquarii, cPci^asi, a Atitiarii, 2.iGCoiihei At Statiox So. 2, Ea.st (Lake op Woo[«). Oct. 24.4. Aquarii, a Pogosl, o Ccphci, A Drac, Gr.41(i3, y Pfgael, 81 Cassiop., tPiacinm SEXTANT TIITE. Corfrtion to 1:11 1. -3'.73 — I'.S.I — fl'.42 — O'.BO +8- 24>.M Fort Ppmbina . Fort Pembina . Fort Pembina . Fort Pembina . Fort Pembina . . . Fort Pembina . . . N.W.Auglo Station No. 9 East . Station No. 2 E.i8t . Station No. 2 East . Dato. Anj;."! Ang.aa Aug. 23 Ang.2G Aug. 29 Sept. 1 Oct. 10 Oct. 14 Oct. 10 Oct. 29 Not. 2, a. ni. Nov. 4, a. ni. Objects. Sun. Sun. Snn . a Ophinchi o Pegasl Snn. Sun. a Andromeda). a. Lyra) Sun Sun aTauri .. Station No. .') St Station No. ,1 Station No. .I Station No,5 Station No.,'. Station No.5 Sl.'tlli.n N(.. .'. Tiirtio Monntaii. Dipot. Trniporary Camp Station No. 7 Station No. 7 Station No.7 StatH.n No. 7 Date. Jiino 10 June IS iTnnc 13 •Tune 14 Juni. IS Juno Hi, p. ni Jiiiio 17, p. in. Juno as Juno 2C. 3 .Inno aij Jnno Si) .Inno 30 July 1, a. n). July 2, a. tn. July 3, a. ni. July -Tuly 7. a. ni. July 8, a. 111. July 9 July 10, a. ni. July 11, p. m. July 12 July 13, a. 111. July 14, a. ni. July 1."., a. m. July 2-1 July 28 July 30 AUR. 1 Auil. 2 Auk. (1 Objects. Sun Sun Sun Sun Sun Sun Sun a Lyrai a lUH.tiH a T.ynr a Ilootirt Sun Sun Sun Sun Sun Sun Snn Sun Sun Sun Sun Sun Sun Sitn Sun Sun a Aiinllio a Ititotia a A(piiln> Sun Sun Sun Sun Cltrononii'tfT UHi'd. ()' Htrv('3 corriM-tlon. 1310 ra. a . 13l'.l ni. H . 1310 in. a. 1310 III. a. 1310 III. a. 1310 m. a . 1318 m. a . irlOni. B. 1310 in. H 1310 III. 8 1310 in. H 1310 ni.H 1310 ni. a 1310 ui. a 1310 in. A 1310 ni. 8 1310 in. a 1310 III. a 1310 III. a 1310 in. a 1310 in. 8 . 1310 111. 8 1310 in. s. 1319 ni, 8 1310 in, a 1310 ni. a 1310 ni. a 1319 m. 8 1319 in. 8 1310 in. 8 Latituili' m. A. ^ 1 50. 4 , u ,;i..'. ^ - ■'• + :. -I to, » I 4t. 9 + 40. 5 - a 37. 3 - 2 33.3 - 2 3.'.. 7 - 2 20. 8 - 2 31. !> - 2 31.3 - 2 30 3 - S 32. 4 l-". 10.1 17. 3 I in. I ,3.0 I ll.S ' 14.9 13.9 ia.n .'..'.. 3 ' 40 00 04 40 Oil II.'. 40 00 0,1 49 00 00 I 2H, 4 0". .'. 01.8 .'A .'. .'..->. 3 49 00 110 40 03 14 to 0.-, nil 40 01 .'.0 I Lonxi* tuile. Ii. in. g. a 30 41 G 32 02 35 30 A 3.'. 30 30 22 n 44(321 n 4.'. Com-ction to 1481. nt. K. - fl no. - 7 21. 1 - 7 22. 4 - 7 21. 8 - 7 21.8 - 7 20. - 7 2.'k 14.1 in. 7 2n.o 10.4 10.5 20.4 23. 1 2.'l 7 23. 5 34.1 a,'.. 8 2,'i. a7. .'. 28.2 30. n 31.4 I 03. 5 I 0.'.. 5 ! 05. 3 I 11.8 18S KEPOUT OF THE CIIIKF ASTIJONOMEU. 189 Sixtant Time — Coiitinueil. StDtloil. Dntii. Objects. Cbrnnomoter used. ObwTvwl correction. Latitude. O 1 II 49 01 50 43 .58 18 Lnngi- tUile. Corn'etioii to 1481. -22 13. -89 17.0 Stiiiinn 'So 7 Ang. 7 Aug. 18 Aug. 19 Snn N. 1319 m. a . N. 1311) in. 8 . . m. 1. -11 04.0 -IS 81. a h. m. 1. U 45 .52 It .52 44 station Xo.9 Station No.9 Sun Snn N. 11119 ni.B . -18 17.3 -29 19. 7 StntiouXo.9 Ang. 29 Sun N. 1319 m. a . -17 52.3 -29 31. n Ang. :i0 Ang. :il,a. m. N. 1319 m. H . 17 .'lO. 1 Station No.9 Snn N. 1319 ui. a . -17 49.0 48 58 18 ,52 44 -3!l 3:1. 9 Temporary Camp Sipt. 1 , p. m. Snn N. 1319 m. » . -19 10. 1 49 01 30 .51(27) -31 0.5.0 Sopt. 3, p. ni. S.^pt. 4 48 .58 00 4.1 00 40 ,55 [30) 50 22 -:i2 20. H -33 11.5 SInlion No. 10 alloolls X. 13111m. 8 . -21 11). H St.illou No. 10 Sfpt. .'), n. ni. Siin N. 1319 in. a . -2I|13.(1) -33)l(i.3| Station No. 10 N. 1319 m,H. N. 1319 m. 8. -.13 12.3 -31 12.7 Station No. 10 Sept. 7, a. m. Sun 21 04.4 49 00 40 50 22 Camp nriir No. 10 Sept. 3 Sun .\. 1319 in. 8 . -20 09.2 4,- 58 30 ,V.130) -32 21.0 Nrar No 10 Si'pt. 9 Sun N. 1319 in. H.. - 20 Oli. 8 48 ,58 30 !i5[;;o] -32 22.5 St liny Crci'k Si pt. 12, p. m. Sun N. l.ll'l m. a . -24 12.1 49 01 00 li .■•*(32] Station No. 11 Si'pt. 14. p. in. Si'pt. 14 Sept. 15 Sun N. 13I9U1.8.. -35 02.5 49 ( ,55 7 00 49 Station No.ll a IiOOtirt N. I'lei Bill .. - 37 40. .•< 49 00 55 -37 40. 8 Station No. il Sun N. 1319 in. 8 ~2.-i 00. 9 49 00 10 -37 40.7 Station No.ll Sept. 10 Snn N. 1319 ni. 8 21 .'•>9.2 -37 44. 5 Statliai No. 11 .Sipt. 10 a Boutis N.Hi-l hill 37 39. 8 -37 39. 9 Sept. 17 alloulis a .Vnilromeiiio N. 1481 aiii . 37 42 5 49 Oil III 7 OO 49 -37 42. 5 Sopt. 20 altootiA Sun N. 1481 sill . N. 1319 m. a.. -41 37.7 -2< S9.0 49 00 00 48 .',9 30 7 04 ,50 -41 37 7 -41 40. 1 Station No. 12 Sipt. 21 Statiim No. 12 Si'pt. 22 Sun N. 1319 in. 8 . •W 31.0 -41 37.0 Station No. 12 Sept. 2rl. .1 Sun N. 1319 m. 8 . -27 ,58. (i 48 59 ;io 7 04 .50 -41 2.5. C Oct. 6 N. 1481 aid.. -28 ( 5. 3 4!l 02 40 51 [30] -28 0.5.3 a Anilromedu) t ' n M I it 1 I "^1 f'i 1 : 1873. UNITED STATES XOKTHERN BOUNDARY. Determination of chronometer corrcctionn and resulting corrections of Sidereal Chronom- eter Hegua 1513, used with Zenith Telescope for determination of Latitude. SEXTANT. Station. Fort Ponibina Fort Pembina Fort Pembina Near Foi t Pembina Near Fort Ponibina Camp No. 8 Camp No. 3 Camp No. a C.imp No. 9 Camp No, a Temporary Camp Camji No. 4 'Jamp No. 4 Camp No. 4 Camp No. S Tnrtio MouDtiiri Depot . . . Turtle Moi,. ;i. • ot ... Turtle Mountain Deiiot . . . Temporary Camp Station No. 6 StatlonNo.fl Station No.6 Station No.a Station No. C SUitlon No.8 lUO Date. Juno S Juno 3 Juno -I Juno e Jane u June 10. 4 Juno 10. 5 Jnnc 13 June IG Juno 19 Juno 33 June 33 June 3G. 5 Juno 39 July 9 July 13.5 July IB July 23 .ruly 25 July 20.5 July 29 Aug. 1 Aug. 5 Aug. e Objects. Sun a Aqnilto . a Bootis . . Suu Sun ^Leonifl .. a Ai]Uitm ■ T.foni'i . . a LyrtD . . . a AquiltD . a lloutiH .. Sun a Aqilila) . ff Ltimiu. . a Aquiln: a Iliiotia . . sun Sun Sun Suu Sun a Aqullte a llootit* 1 Aquilic . ... L BuutiH Sun a Andiomedie a Aquilai a HuotiH a Aqililm aXliiolis .. rii.'a"i .... a Bootia — /JPegasl... a BuntiM .. . Aug. 10. 45 I Snu . j a llootin a An5Hni. B . B. 1^8 m. 8 . N. 1513 Bid . n. IHS m. B. . II. 188 m. 8 . B. 18eni. B . B. leSm.H . B. It'Sra. 8 . B. IfSni.a.. N. i:i\3 Bul . IS ICSni. 8 . B. Ifgni. a... li. 1P8 m. a B. lesni.s B, 188 m. B B. 188 ra. a Obflcrvod correction. + m. *. 3 35.9 + 30. 5 + 3 24.0 + 3 33.8 ^- 38.5 - 1 17. a _i 17 30.7 -1 17 30. 9 —1 17 31.4 -1 17 31.7 —1 19 47. 3 - G 00.4 —1 19 54 5 -1 1!) .Vi. 5 —1 22 29.2 -I 26 14. 7 -1 2G 19. 1 —1 SO SG. 3 - 14 38. -" 29 08. 9 -1 29 10.9 -1 99 19.0 -1 29 14.3 -1 39 M. 7 -I 30 5C. 6 Latitude, o / // 48 66 45 4'^ 50 45 48 CU 51 48 M 51 49 03 04 40 00 04 4') 00 04 49 CO 04 49 00 04 48 58 45 4H ri9 53 48 ,W 59 48 59 59 .,< r,9 58 49 0:l 15 49 0:l 15 49 Ot J 5 49 08 14 48 .59 45 48 59 49 48 59 49 48 59 42 48 59 42 49 01 09 L' ngi- tndc. h. m. <. G 28 55 G 28 .5.-1 G 38 55 G 28 55 6 30 41 30 41 G 30 41 G 30 41 fi 30 41 « 31 58 G ;i3 04 33 01 G 33 04 C 35 -" G 39 9J G 39 99 « .19 29 C 41 .■!4 G 49 04 49 04 49 04 G 49 04 6 49 04 49 45 Correction I to 1513. ' m. g. — 1 48. 8 1 48.0 1 .TO. 4 — 3 30. 5 — 3 35. 7 — 3 37. — 3 37. 8 — 5 54. 3 I I — G 00. 4 ] — B 03.0 — G 05. 5 ; — 8 39. 4 j —12 24. 4 j —12 25. 8 -19 97. 8 -14 38.0 —15 09. 2 -15 09.8 -15 09. 4 —15 11.4 i —15 12.4 —29 50. 1 11 EEPOllT OF THE COIEP ASTRONOMER. Sextant Time — Coiitiiiiied. 191 StntioD. Station No, 8. SliitloiiN'o. 8 Wood End Depot Coiiip . VTood End Depot Camp . Onto. Objects. Aug. 90. 4 Aug. ao. 4 AiiR. 58.3 Sept G Sun a ItootiH a Audrumoilo) . a Hoot in a ADilnmicdlu . Pegnrtl olloiitia a Audinmcdo) . altOfltiR a Andromedm . Chronometer I Obaervod used. ' correction. I K m. M. n.lS8ni.8... —1 3U 5T.9 N. lOlUHiil.. 1). 188 01. 8. . . N. 1513 aid.. N. 1513 aid.. -1 30 54.9 — 2S 0.1. — 84 S3. 4 Latitude. Longi- tude. (Jnrroction to i: STATES NOUTUEUN IJOUNDAllV. Determination of Chronometer corrections, and correction of Chronometer Negus 1513, tchcncver nml in f Altitude work, 4'Jth parallel. SEXTANT. StAtion. Date. Olijoct^. Chrononiotor used. (ilwcrvcrt corixTtion. Latitude. Longl. tado. 1513corrcc. tiou. 111. «. Fort Biirord June 15 Sun N. 1319 m. 8... in. g. + 20 03.9 » ' " 47 59 07 A. in. «. 6 SS 52 Fort Buford June in Sun N. 1319 ra.n... +90 0«. 5 Fort Buford Juno 18 June IH Sun N. 131D ni. R. . N.lJBl tld .. +211 08. -38 43. « Fort Buford aA«|uUlO oBooIld Fort Buford Juno ao Suu N. 1319 ni.B.. +20 09. G BIk Muddy Jnui' 82 Sun N. 13inm. s... + 17 .50.8 48 09 10 58 18 FroiirhmnirH Point Juno 85 Sun N. l.llUni. 8 .. +10 39. 8 49 08 38 .59 35 Juno 8B Juno 28 N. 1319 m. 8... N. 1.M3 Bid . . +15 30.2 - 8 08. 1 48 07 .W 48 III 55 7 00 40 7 04 02 -08 0,'. 1 Llttlo roreupinii Cleok aAquiho Buggy Criok Juno 30 Sun N. 131!) ni. s.. (10 00.9 48 10 18 7 Oli 23 ItookyCrcfk July 2 Sun N. 1319 m. ».. + 8 29.8 49 99 37 7 07 58 I'rairie July 3 Sun K. 1319 ni. 9,... + 8 10. 48 42 50 7 08 20 Fort Turuftv July 4 oCygni a Ilouti8 N. 1.'.13 Sid... -19 53.4 48 44 OS 7 06 47 - 19 .53. 4 StAtion No. in July 5 RE POUT or THE CHIEF A8TKONOMEU. Sextant Time — Coutinucd. 193 station. Date. ObJcctB. Clirnnonii'tfT used. Oliacn-ed correction. Latitude. LoDgi- tudo. ISIScorree. tion. Station Ni). 10 Station nenr No. 20 Aug. 13 Aug. 18 Aug. 19 Auc. 23 Aug. 35 Sept. 1 Sept. 10 Snn N. 131'Jni. B... N. 1513 Bid... N. 1513 aid... N. 1513 Hid... N. 1513 Hid... N. 1513 Hid.... N. 1513 Bid.... m. «. — 14 33.(1 -<0 04. 5 -40 05.8 -40 00. 7 -10 09.2 -30 49. 4 -S7 24. 2 ' // 4U 00 00 49 03 02 49 03 02 49 00 00 49 00 04 49 01 08 47 48 50 A. TO. «. 7 31 55 7 35 33 735 33 7 35 33 7 35 33 7 2(i 09 7 22 39 m. K. -3U 19.0 -40 04.5 -40 05.8 -40 Ofi. 7 -40 09. 2 -30 49. 4 -27 24. 2 OlllHltIs d Andronieilo) .. allootiH a Andromeda). .. Station near No. 30 StatlouNo.SO Station No. 20 Sun a Ildotlf) d Andromeda).. . Andromeda). .. oCor. IJor aOiilduchi Sweet Gr.i88 Depot, No. 2 Fort IleutoD :; :.* N B 13 ; ti: if: I 11 1873, UNITED StATES NOUTOERN BOUNDARY. JkclinatiouH adopted in reducinif obsirvafiotisfor Latitude. 11. A. f. No. DfcHuutiuiiB. rroiicr uuttlou. B. A. C. No. Declinations. rropcr inotioD. n.-.r.:i o l" O.'i.O.I + o.ois 1 P344 1)0 30 3.\ 40 - 0.040 CWI c. 4,'. .■■.1.78 + 0.007 8300 00 36 03. no - 0.035 «(W4 ni!! 14. IM - 0.044 ISO 3S 52 29. 43 - 0.051 C74-' .'.4 40 •r,. ra + 0. 134 175 05 20 42.51 H 0.0.50 07^•0 57 4-3 4;i.i'i - 0. (.(]7 108 47 3,1 00. 30 - 0.000 tiii:n 40 10 ;ii. 70 .-.1. ( (i S19 .'.0 10 09. 92 - 0.03 "+'6.'o:ii" C910 (.1 41 as. j 4- 0. 049 2:19 CO 25 17.69 + 0. 148 s:.9 37 48 16. IS -f 0.019 70-21 til .M 0.-. 11 + 0.015 12-Vr. 73 07 05 4.5. 39 .. 0.015 •,071 :«i 01 40. 70 -t- O.fllH 345 30 44 311. X^ - 0.000 7110 43 4.-I a;. 04 + 0. 0.53 401 28 04 00. 32 - 0. 113 71i;ii .^1.") :<:l 10. aa - 0.074 TJl.". 57 07 l.'i. (JO - 0.215 430 no 36 10.50 - 0.004 474 4S 04 04. 39 - 0.0.53 1277 40 40 :)i.33 - 0.029 4P7 47 58 43. 05 - 0. 100 7:w.-. 47 OJ o.'>. aa + 0.0C9 522 50 112 34.31 - 0.02-J 74 H 74rO ,'il 4.-1 on ao. 00 37. 10 500 50 00 31.05 - 0.040 ■■+ o.ion" 7I.-9 Wi o:i ao. 00 - 0.028 nil 03 40 13.75 + 0.09 0.'>C 34 22 .•JO. 80 - 0.038 7.10,'-i XI .'.7 30. .V. 4- 0. 000 744 05 49 29.07 - 0.007 7llO.'i m 05 .50. 87 - 0.030 752 31 13 31.05 - 0.050 7b:i(1 .'m :io 34. 3.-, - 0. oao 825 10 27 52. 53 - 0.049 7fi:!i ii 11 40. 81 - 0.003 77.V) .'.S 40 :a. 04 - 0.043 Hlfl 7^ 54 31.02 _ 0.015 079 77 15 37.25 - o.onn 77C..-1 ;iii 04 48.40 -t O.Olt 999 20 31 on. 72 - 0.008 77!'7 .VJ 00 .1.-1. 40 - 0.O38 1 1101 31 15 OidO - 0.030 7^00 4.-> .^:l 3a. .M - 0.012 1127 Oli 17 48.73 - 0.107 7.-iO 4-< 10 40. 45 - o.o;t5 7-fJ 40 'J4 30. as - 0.042 1203 na 41 37. 13 - 0.025 1228 35 25 1.5.20 - 0.019 7!ltW 41 16 34. 03 - 0.01 1254 .^0 00 OIL 91 - 0.0C8 HO'JI .^O •,'.■> 04. 70 - 0.01 12S7 48 04 53.39 - 0.026 HKIIi 40 'Jl a3. 34 -1- 0. 1295 4- 0.1170 rtWO 4.^ 3.'i 54. no soe3 .'.« •J7 42.37 + 0.S685 siart 41 •ja 33. 80 + 0. 003 CJOO :io M7 (18.11 - 0.021 Hi7:i ('>; O.-i 4 1. 43 - 0.00(1 s;)ii 73 41 .".3. ao - 0.011 KK4 •J4 ',-) 48. 4J 1 104 18 7 3. UNITED STATES NOHTIIEUN IJOUNHARY. Dcdinations ndopted in rvducing ohHervatiom for Latitude. D. A. C. Ku. Uocliunttou. I'rniwr lltOtlDU. 11. A. V. No. Dvclinntlon. rrnjitr IllOtlllll. O ' " II J , , 4I-0I M St 40.84 - .131 7003 00 00 1.1.33 - .015 Jr'JT 47 Ml :n.;)3 - .037 7037 8.3 10 43. 37 - .(HI75 4p!I7 ;« so 07.!KI -f . 133 7080 73 31 33. 19 - . 1073 4'.l|l< .'lU 4.1 ;tii. vo -1- . 11:8 77;.3 58 47 18.30 - .031 4!i;n .VI 0-i fi.-..0.-i - .3:13 7703 39 03 07. 44 - .030 4'.i;4 48 Ort &>. 4'.l + .o:>3 7787 ."•3 01 1:1. :io - .010 Mil] 3tl 41 Sll.7:i - .0111 7MI0 43 .M 61.39 - .OM r.0117 an S!4 4i4:l + .0:13 78J0 48 411 58. 01 - .0335 .VJ71 43 4H 87. C.:! t- ..'rll 7883 49 49. 3:1 .IHll ■Mia 53 00 a.1.40 + .103 7003 41 10 53. 30 - .001 Ml.-. M 111 10.11 + .073 8034 M S3 S3. ;•!■• - .030 r>4r>u 40 00 4-, ii - .0:1:1 80.10 49 31 43. :i3 + . 149 MW 5.1 ai :)o. ,-j - .013 fO.MI 4h 30 1.3. 33 i .11B3 WlSl 43 Oil 4.V(;0 f .010 8081 ,Mi s.-^ 03. 10 1 .309 W4.-. 00 03 3;i.eo + .03(1 8)38 41 'i'i 59. 17 ■1 .011 5U-J4 S-t X> !l-'.7:l + .031 8300 30 37 88. 1:1 - .010 W14I 43 87 ,'i-.IJI - .039 8373 07 00 01.43 -. .000 Stl.'ifl 5.'i :1H 07. .V.I - .0:11 8311 7:1 43 1:1. 3:1 -. .0033 Sfii>:i :tl 54 4«.rtl - .o;o KI31 31 30 07.77 - .043 06-il 05 53 10. I'J + .031 8341 fO 30 55. 40 - .030 5."5il 49 43 43.35 f .O.Vl 83«« 00 30 84. 40 - .003 Mill 4rl S3 0.'. ^0 - .038 40 00 40 3^ 33 - .ISO «147 73 13 37.3:1 - .379 07 37 13 5:i. ;. 1 - ,0.33 «l7;t ati 04 IK l!l - .010 130 33 .'3 49. 4- I .I8JI nii4 70 5'< 40. 41 ^ .3.35 173 03 37 01. .37 - .018 rii.'i7 SO 47 40.51 - .030 198 47 33 30. 1 1 . 0(KI n-jiiH 30 1:0 Sl..'« + .003 319 60 10 39. (1 1 - .040 li-.V.) 5i 43 3.1.0:) + .0.33 S:i9 00 35 37. 33 , .110 and 59 87 5:1.03 + .033 S.VJ :t7 4" ;t.3. rl 1 .011:5 (WUJ 3d lU 01.33 + .038 13-Yr. 73 07 00 04. 70 - .015 Mil 49 17 30.01 + .001 343 :io 41 51.03 - .010 n4T(i *■* 43 04.011 - .143 401 38 04 30. 00 - .0-0 c:i5;i 33 18 10.48 + .018 4.18 09 :u'. 30. 3^ - .047 O.VC 05 45 57.70 + .007 474 48 01 a;i.47 - .031 C(134 40 07 38.74 + .003 4f7 47 .39 01. 80 - . 135 (i«!-l 57 411 H. 78 - .0174 533 50 0-3 .'13. .35 - .038 C7i8 43 35 3t.0:l - .044 510 50 0:1 49. 03 - .031 (■.74? 54 40 ;ri. fl + .131 Ml 0:1 40 31.03 • .0:135 f.7;0 .'.7 43 51.54 - .050 030 34 3:1 07. .39 - .1:48 C! 5- 07 88.43 - .343 11107 7. J .'.4 4 :. 70 - .0:19 7','77 4 1 41 44 73 - .030 1101 31 15 1:1. 73 - .0111 7.IM 3' 01 33 77 - .013 1137 00 48 00. 50 - .094 7Vl-. illiS 5J 4'. O'.SJ - .030 l-.OJ 03 41 48. ;7 , .013 7;i77 5:1 ar 53.33 _ .017 1338 33 S3 8.3. 91 - .Oil 7H<.W 3-1 51 4?. 05 - .033 1334 .30 on 14.3.' - .010 74111 03 03 5J.53 + .031 liST 4< 03 03.41 - .o:i8 74.-i:) 3:i 07 10.53 - .019 74rO 43 38 63.80 + . 100 74''9 43 Oil 30.08 - .001 7005 37 ,37 55.78 + .083 I'lu 1874. UNITKI) STATES NORTIIEKX nOlINDAUY. DeclinationH adiqtted in redimng obmirKntioiis/hr LntHwle, 1 I'i^i ii H. A. ('. No. llffUiiullon. IIHlllllil. 11. A. (,'. Nil. IlcoUtilltiull. I'.i.jir" mill 1(111. 1 a 1 H „ 1 11 n Slid III (III 1(1. :i(i „ .021 75115 no 33 23, 18 _ .030 Mljt ;i7 i« 4,1. Hrt . 007 7(105 (III 0(1 29. 13 — . 015 .VJ7I a iH 17. ;ii . .•.i^o 7(127 35 19 59. 15 — . 0075 r>:ii:i 5.'> Uli 2.1 IW . 103 700 73 34 411. 38 — . 11175 :>lt.^ irt in (10, 05 . 11015 77,55 ,58 47 X<. 04 .031 iW« 40 (III :iii, HI ,0113 77(15 311 05 2.5. 11 — . ;••!« WM-i .'■5 liO 31.40 .013 77-7 ,52 01 31.23 — .01(1 K<■:^ 4a Oil 37. 5M , ,010 7100 r, ,,4 09. -,/ — .010 5.14.1 m 0-j 2(1. IH . 11252 71.0 41 M 10 77 — . 0225 ritiiii 'j'< ;i.-i 21. llll . 031 7r.f,' 49 25 (11. 14 1 .004 riai.t ■\i 27 51. ill _ . 02fi9 71«)7 71 42 .59. 10 , .003 MsTN ,15 :n 01.00 — .0.101 71145 22 51 11.01 . 024 Miai .11 51 41 .53 ^ .0121 7iii;2 41 17 11.90 — .0018 MSI 11.') ."!'.• 11.44 t- .0131 1021 '« 35 43. 43 . 00.55 u»:a 40 4!l 3- 211 t- . o.'il! MI.IO 49 22 93.14 1 . 149 .Mil 1 4-* tfi (HI. 10 .1110 10.511 48 30 35. 01 1- .1115 tion 7a 1-j 35, ■^J — . 2001 11113 ,5(1 28 81.95 (- . 2015 WITH •Ji 04 17, 01 1 . IHI'III 1121 41 33 11.83 ( .011 (Mil 70 .'1.1 40. 21 t- . 235 «<2llli 30 37 47.07 _ .016 CliT iJO 47 4U. 10 - .OiO 1273 (17 00 34. 49 - .0003 r.-jon 7!l 5S 5:1. 27 ^■ .0«7 KI14 73 43 33.36 _ .noss (•■i 1.-. 17 45 51. HO .034 Kl-jl 24 20 37.77 — .043 t\:f,A :\a <.'0 2:1. 13 ■1- (102 8311 (10 31 1.5. 47 — . 03(1 6-i-'.\ 51 41 41.7(1 1 . 0.i2 8:1(1(1 (ill 30 44. 45 — .11113 Wirt r.'.i 117 .-■11.21 f .iii«a 40 (ill 49 .58. 34 — .030 I'lIILI ;i-< 15 01.23 1- . (1012 (17 37 10 13. 51 _ .0.53 oi;i 4!l 17 3,5, 00 t- . II0('>!)5 120 32 ,5;i 09.44 1- .021 Cl-li 48 a 0!-. .54 . 1349 175 03 27 31. 311 .038 i,-<:i.\ 111 u l(i. 01 t . 11222 198 47 35 39. 93 _ .001 «."8U 35 40 03. 8J 1 .017 ■1" 1 50 10 43.73 - .040 mil 40 07 4.5. 9!) 1- . 00262 339 00 25 .57.05 X .146 liDrtI l>7 411 25. 37 .0171 259 37 48 .5.5. 44 .0105 ii;g8 41 a,^ 30.21 -\- .11035 i 7.Yr. 73 07 00 23. 98 .015 o;4ci .M 10 44. 11 + . 1400 i 345 30 45 14. 21 — .016 IrtKI r.7 4.1 00, j . K-a I 401 28 04 44. 93 — .089 RSI 7 40 10 I-'. 01 "■ .0.17 433 (19 36 5.5. 03 _ .0(7 fi.j;«) 47 30 2(!.:'M . 112 1 474 48 04 42. 03 — .021 (ifliS 51) 31 52.; J -1- .,ill ! 417 47 ,51) 20 25 — .12.5 hil.17 :18 28 11.95 )■ .0.118 ,522 50 (13 10.87 -- .006 6!I70 III 41 53.31 r .o.r ,560 ,50 10 110.99 - .051 7021 III 51 S7. 45 1- .0111 nil (13 46 48.69 + .0035 7f,7,l :iii (11 0(1. 51 .010 : 0,5(1 34 a:i 34.82 _ .041 7III0 4 J 4-. 4rt. 5 1 )- .073 1 744 CO 49 03.81 _ .0035 71(11, 5-1 ;i3 40.31 .ilii73 752 31 14 03. (i7 -_ .038 7-,'l.'. 37 07 41. 2-. _ .215 825 19 28 23. (Kl — .054 7'.i77 41 4'l 51. 41 — .02(1 818 78 53 01.24 _ .015 -.TJO ;h 01 37.01 -j- . 0028 1 979 77 111 01.87 _ .006 i 7.Yr. s;i!i.i 51) 45 17.41 — . 03(1 0119 20 31 :a47 _ .081 7.17V 53 a* 07.91 _ .017 1 1031 35 12 2.5.01 — .103 MIS 31 52 01. 911 - .023 ; 1(07 72 51 .59, 40 - .039 74111 m o;i 07. no + .031 1 1101 31 13 20. OT _ .040 71 ."i3 311 07 25. 51 .025 1 1127 (10 48 12. 39 — .094 7160 45 ,59 111. 40 1- . 102 1203 03 41 .59. 113 1- .019 71'9 5J 0,1 52. 37 .0103 1229 35 25 ■M\. 04 .011 7.-in5 ;t7 5,1 11.70 -\- .085 ; 1254 50 (10 21.53 — .040 75litl 37 4J 27. 40 + .002 1 1287 1 48 05 12. OU — .038 1% 18 7 1. UKlTEl) STATICS NOUTIIEUN iJOUXDAUV. I'reliminary voinputatioiiH rvlaiimj to (>bHvri'ationH made at Fort liufitytl. Dak., to determine the value of one rvcolution of mhromctvr of Zenith Tilvufoiw WUnlcmunn No. iiO. IMuoUua uf 0. A, C. 940 rroiii monn iiluco liiM tu aii|uirvnt plow Jimo H.9, 1874. FOKMIIL.TJ. lull i is' 1 .-I ■- tiui i (ill' — ilil vm I (i|' I >,) ' •' " • liiiiu J (*' - *) Hin J («,' I 1,1 Mill t II ^ iilu i {4i' - ^) aiii i (I,' t 1,1 p • sin '.: loi! I,>n J ft = 7.0(UMCH Ingnof * (/(' I A) = '.i.',l!«)H(W Ifg Me i{A' - A) ^ O.IIOWH tan ft ((I' -((1 = 7.ii."fl(i i (J' - lii = ;!■ ri.'.".".0 Formula) fur apparoBt A. R. niid >: A'nr. ,Vo. IniiJc J'J.lus Inu' tun 10 = 7.n«fi»l'8 llii; (UK a = ILIMIMIS 7,(l5l-4!lli .(KM 3J.I01I liigiN.iini - i.r.i»ifia7 log Hill = 7.:ili77M loj;) = f >'74:il7 ill;! Hill .4 :- |i.-JlllH',)4 a. c. log (I - p ro» A) ■■ : O.IOTl-jO log tan (.1' - A) -f r.iii:iiii (.1' ~ A) a 0=54' 1(4" a - <» 44" ;W.4I = ll"(l»"(l«" « = + U' ^4" tf = + 07" A- ll» 17' 37" A' -j= (IIP ri4' «" Syf - l-J'^ 13' 01" t \ W O.V',1 - 8 -. _ 0!l".H II = iii= w .w.;i = Ofll' 41)'»«l*.75 I (i' = + ll'.79 o' r Ofl» 4!l" litivW SIruu lfi-4.0 : lii" 31' ;18".(1 o' - J c / + T (1 + i; ain (O ^ oi lli" ^ •( A hIii (// + a) "*'•'. ' (In time) Ij 1.1 if— i— r\k'-^Q cua (0-1 a) -\ h coa (// -\- a) alu 6 i i cua i! (In arr) Juno 14.5: «e8= SO' :ilj" A. 11. - 13'' 14' 4(1" ^ 00'' 48'" SU'.'J Zen. dlst. and chron. timoof olongnllun eorniniloil liy forniiilio a^ followH: tj — cot I tun y\> Oa = t'oHco d nin l(iniitai') SotiriH Kivc.T Isl . Simris Rivi'r 'iil . Short (iiM'k C'otcau Is... Ills., i'a.^t Ainh'rsmi . (iahvty . I'Valht istiiiihau;;h . (lalncy . ; l-"rathi,'isliiljhaiij;h . (iahviy I'lathcrstoiihaugh liahviv Port'iipiiii' liiv. r . .. t.ittic Rocky Ciiih, Ci.;*'iiiwoo(l Coiilt^ . Wrst'i^ik !!!!!!!! Milk UiviT West Ihitte Milk River Cliiet' Mtiniitaiii Uelly River reitherstonhaiigh . lialwev do I'eatlierstotihaugli . (lahvey I'eathi rstonhaiigh . (iahv. y l'eallierstonhaiij;h (jalwey reathersloiiliaiii;h (iahvey l-'eatlii'istonliaiigh (i.ihvey reaI''iTsloiihan^h , (iahvey peatherstoiihaui'h 4[> '■•■> 10. A-' .V.I 17. -•'.) (Ill v:-. ■I-' .7,1 ,-.). U) no 00. 4-J r>'J 07. ■I'.l 00 o;!. 4'.l 00 14. 4-^ ,-.;» .-i7, 411 on 17. ; 4i» 00 -i^. 4'.l 00 04. 4'J 00 04. •11 :>'j .')'.». 4^ :<\) 111. ty 01 00. ■\S 4S 44. 48 iV.i r,.-.. 4S ,VJ 4-J. 4'.l 00 It.'. 4^ r.'.i .-» 4;l 10 01. 41) 04 o;i, !;J7 4.-.1 ;iy ;i9i) 1).-. •.>74 •^> IKi v.*i 701 •M■^ 41 4(io (i'.rt dl,-> r.oi l-j:! i>:i7 IHo ■J74 OIW (l('i7 oil) 48 c V 4:t 4i ;!5 ai 20 41 :!S 40 an 41) 47 •iS ■M ■X, 37 aa a.-) 30 40 40 34 41 28 ,iO ua CO 78 77 '4 113 ■ 1»2 ' Hi ; 1)2 : 1)7 1)1) ! 70 ' ;8 : (i'j! ^'7 ! (JO fo 05 85 08 83 70 If .131 . 0.-i'< . 1011 .101 .003 .14 . 104 .0-1) . 103 .07 .11 .107 .07 . 0113 . 0117 .Orl .070 . 0.-)H . 004 .007 . O.Vi .007 .0.-il . 01»2 Abstracl of Apjicnili.v C to report of Ciq>f. IV. J. T'ciniiin, Chief Antronomer, Ar,VITILii„'S OI" .iSlI!ONOMIU.\l C.VMI'.S ie. Lor jjifiide .\Iiove Aliovo sin. 1 (.'amps, &o. Latitude. west of Station Loi'ation of camp. (ireeiiwieh. No. 1. C ' Ftvt. /••.(•/. 1 Station N). 1 411 00 00 117 13 .-.l..-) 788. lioiindarylini', wist hank of Rid River. Station No. .' east 49 00 00 O.'i 17 24(1. a 1031.2 On houiidarv-line. at Lake of llie Woods. ' 1 41) 00 00 108. (! 1)50. (i Rid Rivi r. Station No. 4 east 41) (.0 00 nil 17 20(1. (i 1)94. ti On li; iiiidar\-liiie, 20.5 miles cast ; of Rid River. , Station iiorthwe.st angh 49 J'.> 20 11.) on 25-.. -, UHr. ,1 Transit post near landing'. North- ; west .Vii^le, Lake 111 'lie \\'oiiils. Lake of the Woods 49 00 00 213. I 1031. 1 Water iirliiei — nieati id. ■station No. ! 2 and Noitliwest .Viisle. iy-< KEPOUT OF THE CDIEF ASTHOAOMEK lOU Camps. Absiract of Appendix (\ »Cc.— Continued. ATTITUDES OF ASTHOXOSIICAL CAMPS, &t. Rill Kivir roll I'liiibina . . .Stalioii No. "J ... Station No. li ... Statiou No. 4 ... .station No. i) .... Station No. l! .. .. 49 00 00. 00 4'.l 00 Ot). 00 4'J 00 00. 00 4-j r.'j r>i. .-..'. 4'J OO Oo. 00 A-i o;t :>x 7i; 97 i:j ni. ; station No. 7 .. .. 49 01 4''.7ii Stiitioi. No. 8 .. I 49 01 01. Ol! Wooii Enil. No. 1., Wooil Kiid, No.-J.l Station No. "• ....I If i'ld lO.'JO Station No. 10... I 49 00 44. 7^ Station No. 11 ...| 49 01 09.11 Statiou No. !■.>...; 4H ri9 Uf. 90 97 40 U.-.. 4 9s 00 ;!;■.. 4 9t! HI 0(i. f 9-< 54 .W. 9 100 :il 1.-.7 101 a8 0.-.. 4 lOa i>(i -i-^.-i y^ 10;t 11 14.7 ml Ki ;'.7. 9 10."> I'.' -Jli. lOti l-J :i9. 5 :(7 i5 I I.ticaCiuii uf LMUiji. ■\- io;;o. 1 IK'.l. i.-.-i.y 74-'. ! Kid Ifivi'r at remliina. 790.0 i Ilaronii ti T at roll IVtu- ! I bina. ^•■4:l. 7 ] Ni'ai rcnibina liiver. Kast slope of Pi^uibina Mountains. Viist .slopii of I'einbina Mountains. Lonj; Kivi'f. ;J09;!. ' \Vi>l slopo of Turtlo I Mountain. ' M'AXai : On Suntli .Vntli-r Creek. 19K'.. 4 ■ Pool (11 piaiiii-. I>l7.li On Mouse Kiver. 171.-..;! Do. 19-11.7 bo. 'Jll.-i..- In Cotian of tile Mis.sonii. 17.(1 ■.'.'■:i'.'. I'l ('ani|i ;it Itiillv Sprini;. . ... li;!l.ii •J'^r,l..« I Neai- I'oplui- liiver. Camps, &e ■5 3 c > ^ 11 J 110 ;i9 4-'.0 107 •.':i .-.;i. 8 V- i:i lo..-. ino Jl 11..") 110 10 •,'(1.7 111 11 10. J ■ • i > s "i'J-j.W L>(i7. f- 100. 14H.7 1049. KM!;!. 4 iiw;.:! Kiri I. ;i K'-JO. ^•J7. -i Kill.;! l.-.:!9. 4 7. •,'ii7!.0 •J-(l(l. •J94I.S 'J77n. n y-'J-,'. 7 ;i7-j;!. -J :i7;!7. 4 :!7iio. ;i 4-.'94.0 ;!.-ioi.-^ 4:11.-1. :i 4-.JIX4 l.oiation of e:inip. Toi't lieiiton I'iaiion No. i;i .... Station No. 14 Station No. I.'i Station No. Hi Station No. 17 Ibitisb depot United States eatn|i Dritish niouud Do 47 \< .-lO.OO 4- r.-^ 09. 10 49 00 O'.'. 9.-. 49 (10 01. Nl 4- .-i9 r,:>. ;i9 4r; .'9 0(1. ;iO 49 (ii 0<. 40 49 00 OO. CO 49 no 00.00 49 01 01.4-J 4'- .-.9 ri9.;ti 49 00 04. 00 On Missouri IJivei. h'ifjlit l-anUof I'nncbnian'sCieek. I'ocil on praiiie. I'.-t FoiUni Mill; liiver. Milk Uiver lakes. Near Kast lintle. SwcetgrabH Mills. Near S- eet^rass Hills. "iiO'iKVrii.'r iw ,-,.- -,<.■> Itiilisli West Ilntte astrononiieal S'.' ii'll. Station No. If Station No. 19 Statiim No. -Jo !;•., 1," .erdnaneliof Milkb'ivef). Noi;b I'oik of Milk h'ii-ir. West sliore of Cbief Mountain l-.ke. i't ( CONNECTION OF ASTRONOMICAL STATIONS. DKTAILS OF UNITED STATES TANGKNT LINES. UNITED STATES TANGENT No. 1. Winter 1873-'74, From Joint Astronomical Istation at Hid Hirer to liritixh Astronomical Station, Lieuten- ant (Jalicey, iit Went lioscau. [ObsiTver, Lieut. F. V. Gu't'iic— Tiaimit >VurtU'nKiim H-iii. No. 71.) AZIMUTHS. Date. ' ToBitiuu uf instrument. roHitiou of mark. No. of rvaiUugs. Star. 1 Azlmntlis. / /* 270 01 0!). 0(1.4 0-J.O oas s;o 01 06. a Kovenibtrii (IuitinlpoiutC1.3feet ) nurth uf 41)3. 5,ae0 fcvt wt'flt of in- Btrnnient. 1 1 i rr8H'Miliori»...W.E.. ;')! Ci'pUfi .. .Ufiir K. E.. PoIariH . ..lU'orlJ. C. roloris ...ucnrU.C. ■Ji The Inncetit prnlongod to the wont piiRHed tliroufih n point 1.7 foot noiith of tho ninik. The nioundH on this tan^rtnt were built lioforo nzimutli obscrvatinnH wrro taktm at tho ea8t**rn cxti-onifty. Thow* obHorTalinnH n^vi' the error of the tan>!oiit in azimuth I' ;W", the lino running south of eaat. This error wrb correcteil in phti'in^ the iron pillars. STATION KUKOK. Computed ottHCtiluo to lOH.Oll foot . ;120.3 Inilidl pniut was north of 4!H (il.:i To koep in cutting, otl'sot wa-* mado to south ;).'>. 20.3 Tho meaHurcd otVset Station error, West Kosoau Astronnniioal Statinii, south. TANGENT LINK AND MOUNDS. -^^n 1 3 i •C3 c a «B (4 Distniicon. s a c ■*• a g § .a Final oOiiet. UeniarkH. ill Pwf, -' M H + If. Ch. J... ■f 1 (N) UO ^,aso 0.8 n.s 01. a !>(!. 7 Knillll. Irim iiillur, ytcul a«5 fmt. •i (III 00 ^..-iOO :i. 1 IS. 4 CI. a 70. C Kdllth. 1)0. a 00 CO l.'i f<0 0.0 11-7 CI. a 7a. 1 Biiuth. lio. 4 on 00 1!I,1-J0 I'J.'J 21. CI. a 7'I.Ofinlltli. Do. .'i 00 00 '.10.100 10. 1 31. 'i (11. a 7a. 4 HcKlth. Do. ti 00 00 3l,(if0 'J7. (I :i:. 4 01. a 71. 1 Nlllllll. llo. 7 110 to :i(i,!i(iO :i7. r. 4;i. (i CI. a 07. 4 MMilli. 1)0. 8 00 00 l'.',;i40 40. 40. CI. a 0'2.2(.(Ultli. I)(>. !) 00 0. 1','. at. mill. !)<>. Vi 00 00 (i:i,:i('>o no. 'J 74. P 01. a •r.. O.Ommtll. ii.i. i:i 00 110 (iH.(H(t K.I. :i Hi. 1 01. a 'i:t. ll.Oiiiirili. llo. 14 (H) 00 7;i.!i'.io i;i0.o s7.:t 01. a •a.u •jc. 4 iiiirili. Do. l.'i 00 00 7!','J00 17'J. 'J o:i. ,1 01. a •j.'i.fl 4'j. 4 iKirili. Do. Hi (10 (10 i'4,4H) IO."i. !l 00. 7 (i.a a.'i. CO.! rtl-. Do. 17 (H) 00 1-0.7(10 'J-'C. .'i IOC. 01. a a,'). (I Hf. 2 inir';i. Dn. If 00 0(1 n.'; OKI •Jl". (1 11 -J.:! 01. a a.->. 100.4 111 .th. Do. 10 00 (10 loo.:i'.ti 'j;(i. :i UH. .'1 01. a Xl. iai.."i (II rill. l.'i '.HI 00 (Ml uri.iioo .'too. 1 121.7 CI. a a."i. l.-i.V 1 lliwlh. Do. ■iO M .■>:) lOH.Oll ;iiio, 'J l-St.f ci.a a.-.. ICC. 1 nurth. Do. 200 UNITED STATES TANGENT No. 1!. Winter 187;i-'71. From West Roseau Astronomical Station to Pine Bulge Astronomical Station. This tnngent wns run in tlirofl pftHfl. First purt, from Woat Rrsonxi Antrononiical Station to I'oint D'Ornic; Becoud part, from i'oint B'Oriuo to Forty-uiilo Stiition ; thiril part, from Forty-mile Station to I'ino Uidgo Aftlrunoniicai Station. [Observer, Lifut. F. V. (ticcDO.— TrnoBit Wiirdemann tf-in. No. 71.] I'AltT FIRST.-AZIMUrnS. Dato. ToBition of inatrnnieiit I'o»itiou of limik. Nil. iif rfiwiin^B. f '0 10 •0 1 10 10 1 10 star. Azimath. 1 Nov. 21 Nov. 21 Nov. 21 Nov. 21 Nov. 25 Nov. 27 1 1 1 1 >■ 3.9 fict uortli of 49° About 1 milo nortb i Cephpl W.i;.. I'olaris r.t;.. .".1 Cepbii K. !■;.. i3 UrsieMiuiiris ...\V. F.. ]*oIai'iB bt'foro IT. U. . Potui'ia near L. tJ . . / f 4 ri2 10. 3 51 .v.). a 51 38.5 51 12.8 riO 47. 7 5J 32. 5 4 51 43.(1 CO The abnvi.' uziniutli Ib tliat of the Target IVinii tlif initial point of Part Firnt, TaugcDt No. 3. Tho mean of .'lO angloB bntweon the Target auil Tangent No. 2 H5 Ofl 54.5 Mean azimiitti uf inarlc 4 51 43.tl Ajimiith of the tangent 90 00 38.1 jTarpet. Initial point. /l2XLI!?'*- PART SECOND.-AZlMUTnS. Dato. I Position of iDstrnmont Deo. Deo. Dee. Deo. Dee. Dec. Deo. Initial piiint of Part 2, iin niist estalilinllell li.V A. r,. I!u."uell. Position of marl^. Kastof iiiBtruinent 4. .501 I'i'i't. and in eiuter of enttnig. No. of I reatiiiiga, ' 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 a Ml Polan . 1 DraeofiB Pidnri". Polnri.^ YlVp!"'! Polaris 6 Vrmv MinoriH I,.C. ... f.i;. . . . w. !•; ...A'.r ....I'.r ...\v. !•; ....V.r. ...W. K. Mean Tins mean is tbe a/itniitb of the Part S;'Coiiii of Tangent 2. Mean iif 117 angles between Tangent No. 2 ami Target A ziniiil b of Taruet Mean iif 1-5 auglos between Part First and Target Part First started south Azimutli. im on in.e HI 39. ;i 00 29. H no 4H. 1) 01 II. a no 59. 7 111 12.7 II 23.7 90 ui 00 a 89 57 29.7 00 03 30. 9 89 48 44. a ' : 270 14 OH. II True nilrantli at 09,709 feet I 270 13 .50. Error In running the Itno i 18.0 j Part First . [ [Torget. Part Speond. fl I ' \ Sill mi: l^ 202 UNITED STATES NORTHEUN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. United States Tant/cnt No. 2 — ContiDued. PART TUIUD.-A7,IMaTUS. Date. rot«tUou of inetruiueut. Fositiou of mnrk. Nil. of Star. Deo. 9 Die. » Dfc » Dfo. 1*J 1 ).•■■. Do.-. IJ TfllnillllH lit Part ;i. III"' o.vi-.in !)«■. 1-J IVujliiim. !)«■. I'J Due. la Die. 1-4 Uoo. I'j ?Cei 5 '■' !eiitoriif cuttiiij;, 1 mile nut. i 10 10 10 10 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 { ITrsio Minoris IT. Polaris iiwar U. v' Umro Miiioris — V. 1 I)rtU'oiii« K. 6 UrsiD MluorJD . .. W. 51 Oiihei K. li Opliii \V. Uma) Minorm L. Polaris lii'ar U. A l>r:u*onirt L. X' Urmo Ikliuoriii li. Polaris U. Mean T}w iiliovi> lui-au JH tliii aKimiitli of Part Tliiril. Mi'ttU 111 57 aiiKli'9 bflwi'i'ii Taiiseiil, Part Tliilil, aiitl Target ... ilean of 57 an^lr-H between Part St'couil and Targt't . A/iiiiuth of Part Sei^onil Trni? azimuth at distauco of :w,*?'.;7 fcot A^inllllh too gnat at Korty-niili' Station Aziuiiith too g'-oiit at Point D'Drme Error in ruuuini;lino Azimutli. I 43 04. I< 43 «-J.y fi 51. S 43 51. 5 4:1 0.1. (i 4:1 14.5 4:l 00. li ti 4 1. 3 4:l 0."i. 5 4:i s;5. 4 4:1 47. u 4:) 3.-,. ;i OS 3.''. 4 90 00 54. 7 •J70 07 4:1. 7 a'U 0 m $ •' •'' feet Dee. » J ,,„!„, 3 5 feet south of Inillal t. Position of mark. No. if reailin^.H. Star. On lancent. west of in- stnunent. A Draconis I,.f'. !l Caineliiimriliilis ...K. K. , tt I'lsu' ^IllJllris L.C. I Polaris IM'. Polaris I'.C T Draioliis \V. IC I 6 Ursie Minoris W. K . MlMl Till' iiiesn ii llic II iimilli of tlic Taoci'iil at, tile Terminal Point. .\/ii iiitli of Tan"! Ill at l-'oitv-Miile Station Az iiiutli line to ilislaiice, ht,!ii.^ left Aziniiilli of Tangent 'reniuiiai Point. .\ziiiiulli error in ritnnin)( line Azinnitb. i;70 to 17. :i :a. H 44. 5 41.(1 2:0 00 4!'. 4 2i;9 r,!i .vi.fl (0 -f. 5 270 Cll Ti.i' ' 21 11 41 2!). II 2i;:i 4:t at. 2 ; 4.K I 2:0 00 37. 32. a .'Vitf:. — 'this liincent was tnieeil ilnriii;! the winter of lH"2-'7:t by the lOn^Ii.-b eoniniiHsion ami w.-i'* in tliree (laits. Tbe llrnt wiiH from Wi'st llosi-iin In Point D'Oriiie. run by C'[i|>tiiin T'l'iiliieisloniiiiii^li. K 1''. At Point 1) 1 Iriiio uai a iiiei'iiii;)ii eotiiiectin^ tliis iiart Willi Pirt Sceonil I'loin Point D'tirnie to near llie forty iniie Station, ^vlli('l1 was inn li,\ Mr. .\. 1.. lliihvell, mirveyor, N. A. II. C. .\t Forl> mile Station was a ini'riili;in eonnrctinf: P;iiIh Seronil anil Tliiril, Itie latter lieiiit; run fioiu Pine Iliil;;e AKin noinii .li Slutiim woKlwiiril by I'alilMJii KeallierNtonlliHiixii. It. ]•;. I,ii iil< ii.iiil fit' I 111' iiniiti' iiM' of tbe I'ln^li.^li riitlin;iM tiiroiiiili Hie liniliir (HiNerviition.-^ for ii/iniiitli bi inu liitliinlt to olitoni. OVM1IU to clooiiy wi'.-ilter iinil rxtieno' eolii, oiii' aziniiilli ua^ lii lei iiiiiii 1I at ea< li |>iiinl. wliiir tlie otlo'i wom ileler- lllll.rll by Mli'tllion ol iircifH. m:%' if REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 203 United States Tangent 2fo. 2 — Coiitiniiecl. STAIION EUKOlt, Fett. I'nrt First Ii'nglli, 89,700.9 f'fel. Conipiiti'd {(IVsot I'.VXA Initial Tolni iioitli of 43" a.U Ttrniiiiill Piiiiit noulli of 4!P^ I-Jfl. r> Moaitured uUhuI liutwuuD Piirta 1 niiil d ;IU>. 8 I'nrt Secoml Iiu^jtb, :o,pa7.ii IniUal Point north uf JS'J IS7. 3 Ooiuitutc'd olfuor ;il. J Tt-rniliial Point uortU of 49" t\et. IM. Part Thliil Irnulli, |.7,9H.O Initial Point, Pino ltiil|;c> nortli of •fii" :<9.e (Jonjputf U oU'aet iiia. a Torniinil Point Hontli of 4!!' l.VJ. ci Muaijurcil otlHUt butwt-en Parish and J 3U.6 Torniin.ll Point of Part Si-cond, north of 41)°. Station error of Wti»t Itosi-a'), north •JI9.0 . ta.o NO'I'E. — Thi.H is tlio station error yivon by tlio tangent without takin>; itn a/iniiilh into roiiHiileration, and itt n.sod correctly in coo)|nitin^ Ilio internieiliate ollViet.n to tlu* parallel, Kiui-o the oltifet.s ar'o nieasiired from tho tangent itaolf as run. It is, howeror, not tliu truo station error. Part Kirftt di'viates to tho sonth of tho truo tan^'cnt 4!1".!1, which in a Ien(;tli of till, 70!i.a ft. Olives Ki.O south. Part Secotui deviates to the south 1' 1"J''.3, which in a lenulh of ;i;!.rtn.ii ft.(,ivos I,',.:! south. I'art Third deviates to tho buuili a3",7, which in a length of «7 '.in. lift. (lives 10. 1 south. The tanueul, if continnona, wnnUI then Iiavo been Btill farther to tho north of Pino Uul;;n . And the truo ttatlon error !a West lioscan, north XANQENT LINE (PART FIUST) AND MOUNDS. 42. 103. U 5.3 i S a '■I i Q a ion error. 11 Final ofTsot. I SA-S S5 a H 1 a •J r/i H jr. cii. /.*•'. Kivl. -1- _ _ 'M ;i(i .'1:) •ji m 00 (10 a. r-ci) o.a 6.9 3.9 4. li soiiih.. Iron nilli llo. •JJ 10 (III y. 1 10 l.K 3.(1 3.9 4.7KimHi.. •s\ (111 CO 13, 4-Jll ,'1.0 4.4 3.9 3.3 south.. Do. •J 1 (10 00 H.7(H 9. 11 0.1 3. 9 0.4 >oulh.. Do. a."i (111 (10 ■J.l, OSO l.-i. s 7.9 3. 9 4.0 north.. Do. •.:i- (10 (II) •jii, aiiu •;;i. (1 9.(i 3. 9 10. 1 iiolth.. llo. •j7 u.t 110 31, .'i40 ;ia. 7 11.3 3.9 17. .1 1101 lb.. Do. ■Jn ; ,. no 311, H-JD 41. .1 13. 1 3. 9 V(). r> north.. Do. ao 01) uo 4.-., too .'..-1. i< II H 3. 9 37. I ncrili,. Do. ;iii 00 00 ■(l,3.»0 (19. 7 Iii.d 3.9 •19. a iiordi.. Do. :ii CO 00 .■).-., (llW ^.v a 1^.3 3.9 (ii.n north.. Do. ■Ji m (0 Id, !N!) 10a. ao. 3.9 7''. 1 north.. Do. :i3 00 i!0 (ill, -J-J!) lao. 3 ai.H 3.9 94.0 uorlh.. Do. 33 S3 73 01), 709. a 133.1 aa.0 3.9 IOC. .1 north.. Uciuaik*=. n- !f^ f :i I ■ if WH- 204 UNITED STATES NOllTUEliN UOUNDAltY COMMISSION. United IStates Tangent Xo. - — Cniitinucd. TANGENT LINE (PAKT SECOND) AXU MOUNDS. 1^ 1 "n is 1? O 1 \ □ . "si Finnl ilTiiol. Remarka. g?d S-3 c. i~^^ a"" l^ g I H it. ChLke. Fcrt + • ■M (10 CHI 1. eCO M.l o.n 210. 3 210. s sou 111.. Earth monml, 10- X fi'. 33 UO Oil 7,0W) 1.0 •J. 3 aiu. 3 au.Gbmith.. Do. 3U 00 00 I a, 300 3. S ' 4.1 210.3 210.0 fumth.. Do. :I7 110 (10 17,040 7.0 5.8 210.3 308.&8Ollth.. Do. 3f 00 00 ua. iiiio 13. a 7.fi 210.3 204.7 south. . Do. 30 00 00 'j'.'joo SMI. 3 0.3 210.3 Uig. 3»oillll.. Do. 40 00 00 3;t, 4tO ai.o 1 11.0 210.3 102.3 noil th.. Do. 40 05 'J7 33, W7. 31.3 11.1 210. 3 100.1 BOIItll.. TANGENT LINE (PAKT TIIIKD) AXD MOUNDS. Fret DlBtanco hetwccii Parts 2 ami 3 nt nierlilion of Forty-milo StAtlon 371. G Coiuimted oflnct from I'liit Socoud to 40° ISiO. . Offset from Part Third to 49" Ibl. .5 h. •J 1 (! g 9J It. §■= = 11 1 S s c I'iiial offset. Remarks. ■a i A £ 6 M. Ch.I.ti. «•(•(. + + 40 0.'. 27 S7.yi5 212.2 2f.O 50. (1 181.5lioitU . 41 (10 CO M. 984 li-0. 1 27.2 50. (1 1.511. 7 north.. Eortli mound, W X 0'. 42 OU 00 77, 702 111.1. 1 2.5.4 5!l. 131.5 north . Do. 43 110 no 72, 422 IIJ.O 2:1 (i 50. 107.0 north.. Do. 44 00 00 07, 142 123. 7 21. !l .59. 8li. north.. Do. 4S 00 00 CI, fC2 10 J. 2 20.1 511. 11 04.7 north.. Do. 40 00 00 ■Iti, 5fl! 67.8 18.4 5!1. « 411.0 north.. Mound of timontck poles driven iutoswnrop. 47 00 (10 51, 302 72. 3 10.7 .'ill. 2'.i. 4 north.. Do. 48 00 00 4(), 022 .W 1 14.0 ■W. li 13.4noith.. Do. 40 00 (0 40, 742 4.'i. (1 13. 2 .50. 11 0.8 south. Do. 50 00 00 3.'., 402 34.5 11.4 .50. 11 13. 7 south.. Do. 51 00 00 30, lea 2.-,. 0.7 .50. 24.0 south.. Do. 52 00 00 24, 002 17.0 8.0 .50. li 31.0 south.. Do. .')3 00 00 111. 1122 10. li (i.2 .50. (1 42.8 south.. Do. 54 00 00 14, 312 ■'lO 4.5 ,5!l. 11 40. 5 south.. Do. 5.-. 00 00 », 002 2.3 2.7 50. fi 54.(1 soutll. . Earth mound, 10' X fi'. 56 00 00 3, 7p2 0.4 1.0 50. C 58.2Bouth.. Do. 56 .^7 31 UNITED STATES TANGENT No. 3. Winter 1873-';4. From Pine Ridge to Lale of the \Voo(Ih» Tht« tangent v^^f^ trac(Nl and cut tlirouch thu wooiln iliirinn tlin winter of !H73-'7:i. by tlio IlrittHh Cnmmiahion, nnd in in two piirtH. i*nrt St-('on<1, from Pine liiilire i-aHtw.-nn for w ilistiinco uf M miles 'A \\^Z ti'ct. At tlio latter puint n meridian con- ni-eteil Pnrt8 Secoml nni) KirHt. wliich Hiaited at tli" Lake nt' llio AVixtdH ARtronomical Stalinn, nntl waM inn westward 17 mileH t,37:t feet, Tint paritllel beln;: ni:ir)ied by niite-ixmt.s by the iCn;;)lHh pprtie?* tVniii Uie Lake ol' the U'oodH Sratiun, tlitrt tnngent waa not traeed 1>y tho parties of l^ieiitenant Greene wIki obberved fi>r aziniutb nt I'ino lvidt;e, Lake of ttiu WiKHts, and the branch of Eatt Ruseau Kivir whero tho two parts Join. AZnirXIIS.-AT I'IXE niDGE-IN^ITIAL rO[NT TAUT 3. Date. Dec. 20 Position of instrument. 5 n.r> feet HOI \ Point, T t Noiitb of Initial Taut'ent No. 3. Positiun uf mark. On tiinj:ent west of iu- Htrnueut. Xo. of reu dings Star. I A Dmronis L.C. ii Camibmanlnlis E. i;. a I'rsa) Mi^joris... L. C. iVdaiiM V.V.. I Polaris r\ C. , T Drnconis W. E. i 6 Ursaj Minori8..W.E. :i5 Mean . This mean is the azimnth of tho mark placed west of tho instrument, at Pino RidKo. A IK>int wrwdeterniinod east of the Initial Point on llio prolongaiion id* this Hue with an a/imnth of TlieillHtaiicr between iJils point and tlioTliirty-one Mile stalio from thi' Lalioof tl)e Wimds Station wnj4 -1.1) feet, whieb, at tlie distance of -1,755 feet, gives an aziniiitli of 1' \!ri".^. . . W'lneh gives tho azimuth of the Enfrlish Tangent Azllimtk. / /' a?0 CO 17. 3 :ir.. 8 44 .I 41. G 270 00 48. 4 'JBO t!l .'.;). CO 7«. ."i (10 no Vi 1 OJ .'l fO .'■ .1 ;)4 .•■ DitTerence between tlie Eag'isli and United States duterniiuation of A zimutb Tangent nortli of east, a.'i'' AZIMUTIIS.~AT EAST ROSEAC-PAKTS riKST AND SE'JUXI>. [Observer. Lieut, F. V. Oroone. — Transit Wiirdojiianu i-iii. Xo. 71. J Unt .. rositioliot'illHlnirnenl. Star. Aziinuth. nee. Def. Die. Dee. Dec. Dec. Dee. Dee. Dee. Dec. an •J7 •ja ai> •JO 29 2!) 2!! Termin.nl poiiil of See. uixl i)iirl. I On tMUgent, iilxMil 1 mile west of insiruinent, I i 5 ii 5 5 5 !; tVnrls i rrsje Milioiis (I t'lsii- Majnii,; J l'T»;e Mmtiii.s Vohllis . I'dlariH INilnri.H . Polaris A Drae,!:U .... ill Cepltei t.c W. !■: . . r,.c. w.i;. . 1, (• w.i:.. .I,.U.. w.v... ..L.t!. K.i:.. # .. 270 14 .-io. r. i:i :■-. 14 1(1.2 i;i w>. i; 11 4:1. H :* ct r 1.-. :i4.o ir, v,. 1 Ki (' .. 1 10 2^. 7 }. 50 Mean 270 l,') 04. Hotith (if e,iat 2H 4 rftiigent started, uorth of '.St •a. .'. Those di.Terenees tadng f mall and in opposite directions, tbo Evigl'sli Tan^r is consiilcred straigld and its azimuth correct. 2or. : -A ; ii ■ -i ■ i I i: 206 UNITED STATES NOUTHEBN BOUNDAUY COMMISSION. United States Tantjent No. 3, — Tangent JAm. — Continued. AZIMUTUS.-AT LAKE OF THE WOODS STATION. [Ob(H?rv«r, Lioul. F. V. Oroone.— Tronalt WUrdenmnii 8-in. No. 8'.] Dato. Doc. 31 PoHitioit of iutttruinent. < On nfltiononitcal post { marking 4!P. Position of murk. Two uiilos woat of in- BtruuieDt. No. of I rca(iiu};a. 10 I 51 Ci'plioi K.E. 10 I j UrsioMluuria.W. E. SO Ml'Au . Difforence iu nzimntli bclwpcn llio Uiiiticl States and English dctorniinutiona— tangent Bontl) of wcat, Initial Point Part Firat Initial I'oint Part StMMind, a/inintli observiul Mean of 30 anglea botweeu Port Svcoud and meridian Azimuth of meridian Supplement of moan of 20 angles betwccu inorldiau and Part First . AzioiQth of Part First, Terminal Point True Azimuth nt distance 91,133 feet Difference in XJnite<1 States nud English detcrminntiona— Tangent north of west. Ai'.imntii. SCO 50 SO. ."i 0:t.s SCO .'lO 14. 8 •l.'i.S S*0 I.'! 04.0 00 17 a-AO no .M 41.1 00 14 13.1 80 43 2i<. 4 80 43 48. -*fi UNITED STATES TANGENT No. 1. 1873. From Joint Astronomical Station Xo. 1 to Joint Astronomical Station A'o. [Obsorver, Liout. F. V. Groeoo.— Transit WUrdomimn 8iu. No. 71.] AZIMCTHS. Date. roaitlon of Instrnnient. Position of mark. No. of readiuf^K. star. Azhiiuth. Nov. (luittal Point CI. 3 fwt ( noi til of 49°. 5,280 foot west of In- strumt'Ut. 1 1 ;(2 drrfifcMinoiiH W.E.. 51 ('iplH'i ...iicarK. K.. I'diaria ...near VA'.. rnlaria .. iiearU. C o 1 1' t»70 01 0!). 0(5.4 0-0. O-f. A 'J70 01 m. 3 Taugput was run ou this aziniutli. Onto. Position of Inatriimont. Position of mark. No. of readiuf^s. Star. Azimuth. •luno 17 Station :13, 50"" 1,320 feet west 33 Canu^l(i|iardaiis. V.'.K . Polaris Ji.n. •Jlill 41 42.3 114. 1 34.0 3". 7 Azimuth OotoniiiuiMl from a seiioa of repetitions from Tan|;ont No.a Sfcan . . Hi'. 41 4:i.ii 1 0(1.3 2<,0 40 :|-. 3 :<■■•> 4(1 (,! a 3,'. r. — Azimuth iluo to distanco 1 Error of tau{;ont, uortli . . . O.'i.OOO feet I STATION EUROn. Fat. Chained distnnee from Stat Imi 34 of Tangent to Joint mound 49° 2'in. 4 Tin gent started nortli uf 40^ til. 3 3-JII.7 Compntcd offset for distnnee of 10(i,977 feet 310.1 10. (i Oirlng to the uneertaintv of the Azimuth of tlii.^ tanfrent it was ((jireed to accept Lieutenant GalwevV nzluiutll at correct. Ills taogrnt Hiarted 2!l" hO((tli ol this, whicl( solvhi" tiw R)ilierienl tii((n|il(', oivos the distanco lietweeu tlio tau|,'cuts at sialiou 34, 22. 3 feet. The actn(U distance is 21. 4 feet. Tho moan liuu is south of this tangent at Station 34 21.8 Giving the station error of Astronomicnl Station at Micholl, ■ lortli 32 4 208 ITNITEIJ STATUS NOHTIIHUN HOUNDAUY COAiAIISSION. mm United Ktaten Tangent Xo, 1 — Continiird.. TANl!K\r LINE. u (p i DtHtauci'H. 1 .2 1 "' u \ It U. Vh. u,. !•«,. -t- '"» '(ItV 0«" ""4,';"i(;6 (10 00 S, Sij(l 0.8 3 n :ia H, 48:1 ' 4 54 10 H, c.'.l i) 'lit lii 10, ri34 (H) (10 10, .')(.0 3.1 ;i7 71 13, 04!) lO 00 I.\840 0.0 : :i4 (111 le.O'JO 8 I!) Iri 8i,o(in 01) 00 SI. 1J(I 18.8 1 » :iiP 00 83, (.04 10 v.t ;i3 8«,:i:i5 o« 00 Sti, 4(10 10.1 11 M KH an, (ifio IJ (JO 00 3l,li^0 87. .'i H 70 (i.') 30, !I37 (JG 00 3(1, '.KiO ■■■37.7. IS 70 n:i 48,810 00 (10 48, 840 49.0 00 ou 47, .WO 08. 10 01 8.1 47, 0(i3 17 00 00 fia, rflO 70. .'. 1« 40 00 .'i.'i, 440 1!) 00 CO .'iH, (l(-0 93.0 iO 40 CO (iO, 7-JO ■Jl 00 (10 03, 3C0 110.8 Si! 40 00 (;o,(oo at 00 00 Of, 04(1 129. 3 84 40 00 71, aso 1 2S 00 CO 73, iiao 1:0.0 ' 811 40 oo 70, :m ' 81 00 00 7!', 800 178.2 ! 88 40 00 (■l,^'40 JSI 00 (0 e4, 4fO iiao :io 00 00 FO, 7C0 88(1. .'. :n 00 (0 |ir., (14(1 84H. 38 00 (0 1(10, ICO aid. 3 :i:i to 00 00 Id.'!, i;no :iO(), 1 :n so 10 so lUi,877 310. 1 1 to lllOllIlll. - I + 01.3 0.S C.l. 3 I 1. 01.3 l.(! 01.3 CI. a ('ii.'fl' 01.3 01.3 01.3 01.3 01.3 01.3 01. 3 01.3 01.3 01.3 01. 3 01.3 (it. 3 (il. 3 4.8 4.7 5.3 :,.* 0.3 6.8 7.3 7.9 H. 4 9.4 10.0 10. fl 10. C SO. Huulli. S7.8 unuth. 58. 8 8011 III. 47. Bdllttl. 39. euulll. 30.7 Bouth. 80.1 Bontll. 8.1 Miilh. 5.4 uurdi. 30.4 nnrtli. 37.1 imrDi. S.'i.S iiurth. 74. S north. 90.0 iinrlli. lie. 8 norlli. 14.!. luirlli. lOH. I iinrlli. I'.IC. 1 liiirlh. 88.'>.0 ndilli. 8.W. 3 Iicirth. 2;>9.4 nurth. ItcmnrkH. Inllial Toliil. Iron pillor, west 3f\'i feet. Iron plllnr, went 38.'» fi'Ol. Iron pillar, west ;i8.'i feet. Iron plllnr, went 385 fiot. I. on pillar, west 385 fe«t. Iron pillor, wost 38.5 fool. Iron plllnr, wot 38.'> feet. Iniii iiillnr, wt>Ht 385 It'Pt. Iron pillar, west :)85 feet. Iron jiillnr, went 385 ft«t. Iron pillar, woot 385 feet. Iron pillar, west 385 feet Iron pill ir, west 385 feet. I Iron pillnr, west 385 feet. , Iron pillnr, wrsl 3H5 feet, I Iron pilll'r, wr»t 3J.5 feet, ; Inin pillnr, wc»t 385 fi-et. Iron pillar, wi'hI 3H,'»li'ot. Iron pillnr, wept 385 feet. Moridinn oiJoint Atitrouoniioal SLilion. \ .:.~i : ; ; ,5; UNITED STATES TANGENT No. 2. 1873. From Joint Antronomical Station at Michel to Joint Astronomical Station at Pembina Mountain Kant. (Obnrrvcr, Limit. F. V. Gri'oin'.— Trnrmit WUnlomnnn B in. So. 71 ) AZIMUTIKS. Jillio 14 t'osltloD of liiatrunieot. roBitlon of mark. Star. AziuiiiihH. 48. 5 foet north of 400.... ,1,154.7 feet vrc«t. J PolnrU Uriti»hliiri» K.l: . 1 01. 1 r tVplici !■:. K 4 Ofl.O ff IJiMDMinoii.^ W.i;.. 4 l.'i. .I Mark was moved 5.3 feet bouth, and tan;;ent run through that point. TANGENT LINE AND MOUNDS. 3 'Xi Distances 1 « 1 3 CO Final offrtet to mouud. Remarks. 1 2 3 jr. Ch.Ut. Fret. + Initial Point, iron piUar ^^-iO fi-et oast. Iron pillar. Earth mound, li' X 5*. Pembina River. 00 06 60 1 40 00 3 03 n 3 17 54 4, 4011 7, KO 10, OOO 10, ms 1.8 7.0 l.Bnnrlh. 7.0 north. N B- -14 ':09 i i fi ^1 ! i; If I^\ N! J ii I UNITED 8TATE8 TANGENT No. 4. 1873. From United States AHlronomicul Station No. 4 {Amiiiitant J.etci» Boss), west side of Pem- bina Mountain, to Long Hirer, United /States Antronomicnl Station No. 5 {fjieutenant Gregory). lObm^rviT, I-iout. V. V. (Jii'i'iio.— I'miinll Wi'iiili'iii.iiiii H In. No. B7.) AZiMurna. Dnte. VoHllinn of tiiHtriiiiit'iit. rosttlon of murk. N». nf rc'HiliiiKH. Stnr. Asliniith. July 4 Inlllil pnlnt 40° 4, 447. 8 W 1 ^ 8 8 .11 (;nniiili>|ini(lulij . . . .AV. E. . ^r.i.11,.1 K.E.. Pdlurls E. K.. y(-iplH'i E.E.. Minn / '/ t9 ;it i:.',' m. II to. 4 8'j :ii io.u ±a".4 Kl -10 \\ Rn^pt ct nil ciror iit :iny sliitum, tliU tntiil rrnir nf 41". I in tliKlribntml at tlio rate nf 1". fiant cadi Hliilinii, Tlio iirniniuliit". '27. 'ir', -jir, iiiMl 'i'.*\ niili'rt. At (linothrr HtaliuuH U tH Intcrpnlateil fmni tln'Ht! und pliUTt) in tlio cnlnmnneaded "Error uf lini'," anil itt sulilratMive. STATION' KKUOU. ('tiiiimd rliHtanrn from Stalinn Xn. 'ii tn A»tranouiical Uniinil 49^. . ConiputiMl olVwft tor ^li.^tiUIl•^■. I5r>,in0 fi-tt Feet. Wis. a cco.o Error of I. inn, duo tnn/.imntli deviation Uiiitfd Stati-H AMtrononiic.al Station No. .'i, aoitlli TANCIKNT LINE AND MOnNDS. !»4. H 1 a ,. ^ DlHtlll ce.t. i ■3 V Finn! offset to niouin). Ileniark>. ,g c. 3 3 .1 ID O U3 Jf. CA. /,*». Ftet. + _ Initial Point. 1 a «7 :i8 3 08 40 4,417 11,114 Enrth mound. ;).! 0.3 .'.. !• aSsonth.. 3 3 00 01) l.-i, 810 11. :• 0,4 8. .'i ■J. Osoutli.. Do. 4 4 iil ;i4 2'J, 5-JH l;i. !) 0. 'i 11.4 2.0 north.. l)o. S 5 07 w.:< !iU, ll-JII. :, 19.8 (l.li 14.3 1.!i north.. Do. 6 so 47 33, COO 33.0 0.8 lao 14. U north . 1)0. 3t0 REPORT OF Tin; CIIIKF ASTItONOMKR. 211 United Slalt:» Tiiufioil Ko. I — ('tuilimicd. TANQENT I.INl. A ^H SlolMiS. i ^ s ' i 1 Ulatnnces. ! ) i- Kiiiiii Kii'Ma ti) iii'iiiiii. J:i-iiiiirk(i. 1 J -1 lii Jf. Ch. J.kt. Ftfl _ 7 1 01 411 4I,0IH 411. a 1.0 ai.H a:i. liiortli . Eiirth nionnil. N 8 'III W 4.-i,:mi .111. 4 t.a 24,1 31. 1 iiorlh. Iiii. 11 II II IH 4.-',2."ili 03. 1.4 a.v7 311, H iiiirl h . . I In. III 10 0.1 f.H. S .M, IOCS 77.fi l.fl an, 4 17.0 Mini h llii. 11 III (ill l>7 Oll.fOI CR.O I.H 30, .111. Hiiorili , D<>. II IMI Oil S'', Hell n.'. fi l.fl 31.0 .10. 7mirlli,, I hi. Vi IJ 41 .Ml on, II 1.1 IIO.O •J. 2 3.1. a b2. .Iliorlli Uo. U i:i till :i,i 7:I,2I7 14 00 Oil 7;i, 0.0 i.-.o.o 2. .1 lio.'fi ioH.OliDllli,. Karth iiinunil. u l.'l 07 41 70, CiHIl 171.3 'J. 42. I2H. Hmirlli.. ■ III. in 00 on 61, 4l'0 III.VO 3,0 1.1. 1 117, n 11(11 III ]iii. l.'l 17 04 IW 00. Olill i«i 7 3.4 4H. 1 171, 2 mill li 11,1. in 17 77 IW 0I,H|J7 am. 7 3.0 .111, 11 10.'. .Iinirili Stnlll' llliillllll. 12' X .V. 17 IH 71 "11 00, U7ll '.171. .1 4.2 .13. 3 217. mil Ml Killlhllliilltiil, h' X 3'. IH III r.i -A :, io,i.7i;i.s IIP i.11 OH 01 iiii;, I'-K "lioo.'o ri.'o 'JiV'f mo'iiortli,. Kiirlli iiiimiiil. IH' X 7'. VU SI •Jl 8-J :ii o:i IH. H .'ill 112,007.8 1 III. :iii:i Kii'tli llliillllll, 111' X 0'. '371.7 "i'p' 'ca8' Biii'ii-orlYi!! ti sa 411 B7.3 llll.O.Vi 3 s;i mi Oil 121,410 '403.'4 "l'l.'3' oi.d 3U. 2lliirlll . Kiiilliiiiiiiinil, B' X 3'. S3 ■u ni 07 127, O-.M 413 7. 1 0;. 31.1', Ollnl 111,, Ill, y.'i (III 00 i;i-.'. Olio 4;h. 3 7,11 70. .1 .|il«.2lmrtli,. 1:111111 luiiuml, 10' X 0'. SI •ri 4ii 21, 5 n.yo.'ii.s S.'. ■]ii 711 no 07 00 137, 2.-|8 137, 2rtl rniiliniiiiiiiil. lO'-l- 0'. 'itri "h.'s ri.'s 41.1. li mil 111" 87 on 00 14.', .1011 .1.17. 0.2 70.1 472. Omirtli.. Unnliiiiimiiil. 8' < 3'. SO 27 211 44 14:1,000 .10-. .1 0,4 711. H 4?2,3liii;lli.. l-!:irlli llliillllll. Ill' ;. 0'. 28 oil Oil 147. Sin 000.0 10.4 7!'. .Mil, 7liiirlll,. Kiiiili iniiiiiiil. 1^' X 3'. 20 00 00 1.13, l-.'l) 04 1. 7 ii.r. H.7 .1.'i0 .I11111II1 Do, 87 Sl) .10 00 10,1, mil 000. 12. e-A8 50.1. 2 linri ll , , I.ii'uU'iiiiiil (iirsory'ii MiTJillan. On tlio pnrnllt'l PHtnlil[(i)icil by thrnliovi Gregory, Unlti'il iS(ut<J. 75 Comimted oL*' • t for iliHlauco of *Hi,7G0 feet 'i'lT. Slcopy Hollow Aal roiiuiniciU ^[otiud, 49°, sontli lti;i. 25 T.^XOENT LINE AND MOUNDS. S i; rf Distances. -? 3 a Eiunl vdrnt to mound. Uomarks. % 1 B (D U to M. Ch. Us. FeeL -I- n 110 no 9. 0.0 0.0 lui'l'il rolut, luouiid of AHdouoniioal St;itiun No. .1. 1 .W .'l."! 3, 4(i(< 0.3 4.8 4. 5 (H uth . . Stoi.,- luiiuiul, (1' X 4'. 8 1 30 70 7,;.io 3 3 :m M in, 274 e.8 31.0 22. 3 south . . Stono muuud, 13' X 7'. 4 4 7(1 l.') 2(i, U(i .'i .'> -A .W 2!1, 997 21.7 .W. 2.5.9 south.. Stiuio monud, 13' x T. (t 7 r.d .10 40,i'21 4.'.. 7 (1(1. e 21. 1 south . . !lo. 7 lU (13 .'.7 .i(j. :m; r9. 2 9(1. 3 7. 1 south .. Uo. S 11 41 m (ill, Kill 100.9 102. H 1.9 south . Stone luound, 10' X (f. 9 13 r.2 23 ■2.(1,-11 112.4 119.2 23.2 north.. Eartli mound, 10' X 7'. 10 1.1 UI (10 ^:l, 2:11) I'.IO. 2 lliK 7 .11.5 north.. Uo. 11 17 40 42 92, 42H 13 18 01 09 9."i, 112 a4H. 5 I.-.7. 1 91.4 north.. Earth mounil, 10' y. V. 13 18 2(i 09 ;iii, 702 2.-i7. 103.3 93. 7 north . . Tor(ui()al I'oint. Slropy Hollow meridian. On the ]>arall'!l e.stahlishod by tlio aliovo ukkukIh, iron |iiliara woro plat'eii, iu lfi7.'i, Iiy Capt. ,1. E. tirenory, Unttt'd States Eugiuuers, tut I'oliows : Distancf from fnilial riiinl o/ Vniled Statrs Taii'jcnt Xn. 5. .If. Ch. 2 42. 14 4 12 14 fi 42. I.'. 918 UNITED STATES TANGENT No. )). 1873. FrcK United States Asi'-otwmical Station No. C, at Turtle Mountain Went (Cantain Ti u'd), casticard into Turtle Mountain. [Obacrvor, Lieut. F. V. Gvcene.— Transit Wfirdomaiin 8-in. Xo. HT.j icin- AZIMUTH. Dato. Aug. 1 Position of iuBtninient. Position of murk. a.2 feet north of 4!)o, and 1,(178 foi't cast of nicriilian of Onited Statoa AMtronoDiicnl Station Ko. 0. 8,ta:ifi'0twc«tof miTiil- . inn of UuiliHl .Static A .iti aooiuical Station Ao. C. No. of rfadln,",8. Star. Polaris 32 Cnrmlo) irdalia . p IJrsiB Minons . . . y^ Ur»]u Uiiioris . . . y C('])hoi ..E. .W. .W. .W. ilean. Azimntli. iii!( 50 47. i; ± :i". Tlio tanjient naa run tlirongli i> point 2fi.2 fcft north of tim niarlc. TANGENT LINK AND MOUNDS. *! _ 1 ^ C t s DistantTs. t a "5 Kiniil olVsd to m';i!nil. Kouiurka. .1 et n w o m O M. Ch. Lks. JWI. + 1 U 2.-I 4-J ',r, 4r, 1,(178 4, !lf s 2 3!) 63 l;l, 17fi 3 4 3 m .10 2.1 07 l.-.,08l 17, 303 (1.3 8.4 -- ■*. :i ^nuth ., KiU'tli inotnid. 5 J tl4 88 2(1, 122 li 4 24 4,^ 22, 731 8 4 ."17 23 27 72 2-t. rtl7 2H, S30 1(1. !l I a. 11 2. 2 0. f^ lUHlll . Kaith mound. 9 10 8 .S 29 (1.1 31 .'i7 43, r.iri 44, 324 52.3 ^■'■■'1 2.2 25,8 iiurlh .. Kurth inuuiul. 11 8 .18 7(1 411, ll.'< 13 20 3U 48, 8(10 14 lU 38 IS 51,01)3 913 I 7, M I! '^ \% *!..1 1,-4 -Hi ( .4 UNITED STATES TANGENT No. 7. i.s;;{. -From United States Astronomical IStulioii No. 0, at Turtle 2lountuin West (('aptuin Twin- ing), to British Astronomical Htution ui Jirst crossing Mouse Hirer (Lieutenant Guluey). [Observp", Lieut. F. V. Ureeiip.— Transit Wilrduinann 8-in. No. 87.1 AZniUTIJ.'*. Date. Position ot'luatrnmuut. rositioii lit" niiuk. No. of retiiliiigit. Slar. Azimuth. Aug. 1 (±■2 fi-et north ol' A9^, an«i i.tiTH I'wt ciiftt nt' nu'tiilian ut' IJuitetl Stutta AMtniiioiuical t SLulioii No. li. S^^i^ feot w.Ht .if tbc [ nuTidiaii ot Uiiiti'il Statfs Aslnmuiiiical Station So. it. 1 ! s 8 40 I'olilTib 3-i Ciiiiioloiinnliilin . . I'rtiiu .Nlinitns y' I'rsii' .Ml 1101 ia .. ... E.. ...W. .. W.. ...W . 1 II -.iUU 30 5!l. H 58.4 40.3 47.3 zi. :) iii.u 30 47. 1) t. a".a ileau The tau^ent wa^ run tlirough a poiut 2t>.'J feet north of mark. Date. Position of instrnmont. PoKitioD of mark. No. of reailingM. iitiir. Aziiiiutli. Aug. 5 Station 9 of Tangent . . . Station 8 of Tangent. . . . f I \ 1 IVliiris ;i3 ('.nnf-lopnnliilin .. y* UrHic Minolis... y t'cpbi'i Mian ... E. ...W.. ...W.. ... Ji.. 1 11 co 41 -a. a J3.3 ao. « 17.!) p'.i 41 Mra ±)i".s bO 41 -'8. a 00.3 tin STATION KliUOlJ. The ohniiH'il diMtanrf* from Station 10 of TauKcnt to UriliHli Astronomical Parallel is . Tangent Htartt.-(l north Coniputt il ninet f . r distance, lOa.OHn feet 30:». a u:>.o Thin 'X\.0 foot is iiMod. without « nor, in (li'ti'riniiiing the oils* is to intormeiliatf mounil-; hiii i( \s not the true Station Krror, hei aiit»t» the tangent did nnt mal^e an an;.;lt* nt ti(P wiili ( aptaiii I winin;: h nieridi^ir, Itiit with a meridian l,(i7S feet enstiif iho AHtrononiieal Station. Takiti^r Iho initial point of it: tangmt on the nieiidiauof I'nitu*! States AHtnmomiciil Station No. t*, the enmpnted olfaet i;i ;tI'J. !l The measiirtdutliMM isiJ'Jtifeot r 'J.'J leet J',t,-. J Station Krror of Ilritiwh Aatronouiieal .Station, llr.st eroM.sing MiHt.e Kiver, north . . TANGENT LINK AND MOUNPS. T. 9 a lli^lillU•^■» 3 1 1^ i § . Final (.ffsi't to lllUUUlt. ItcniiirliH. •i ■■1 4 (i 7 H •t 111 Jl. Ch. /.»>. 1', C6 ;.;!:;; •.«, i;iii "iA7 a;i. avj 40, 'JOi ' ftH. H .'!!. 111-7 [ !l."i. n :o. HIS 1 Ilia. '.11,1114 aj:.o '. .i, lili 1 -JMI. 4 id:., ifi,-, ao.i. -J + ■Jil. U 41.8 .'.il. 4 till. 4 8ia r-;. 4 '.I.V •-'.2 a. a a. a a. a •lO. 1 north . OJ. 4 1 17 U iiii7. a il4l.ll iiiii;. u Iniliiil I'.oiil of liiii>. Iliiliiil Point ol' cliailiiiii;, liirt'iilliin ol' I'tiitoil .Statiw At>- tioiioiiiiral Stalioii Sii 11. Sl.oiio iiiuiiiiii, 111' X 7'. Ho. Do. Do. Do. Do. 'i'l'llnillill I'nillt, .VHIIollolllir.ti Slallull "4 71' 01 II ■!■. 64 H III :i'j 11 13 1:11 14 4:1 I-n 17 14 :o Ik ■.:I ■.II 1:1 7J ill ttu UNITED STATES TANGENT No. 8. 1873. From United States Astronomical Station No. 7, at South Antler Creek {Lieutenant Greg- oru), to British Astronomieal Station at necond erossing Mouse liiver (Lieutenant Oalwcy), [Observer, Lieut. F. V. Gri'em'.— Trausit Wurdemann h-in. No. 8*.) AZIMUTHS. Dato. PoHitiun uf iutitruineut. Po,si.U.n„f,„.uU. „^-'^f^ Sti:r. Aziiniitli. Aug. Sti 49^ Mouml i S,040.7 liet i\ist 111' -WO 5 a i ilound. !^ p SI l'ol:uis V... * '/ f-i 47 117. A :i7. 1 Ml 47 lit;. S ± i>". 1 y* I'r.-iiL' Miiinris W. Mi'itn Tlio niiiik was nmvnl Bimtli 7.5 ti^et unci taiijiriit run tlirou^li tiiiit point. Dille. Aug. 'JO I'twilioii of iuRlriiiuent. rosilimi ol niaiU. Xo. of reii(liii^i>. Star. Aziniulli. 1 <* 4n « II I'oliirin I!.. 8!) 41 30. H fl rrsir .Minoiia \V . . :(■_'. -J y I'rsM' MiM.iii,^ \V.. ■J-'.H f l'rs;i- MiiMiriB W.. a-ili y L'epUfi i-:. *JI:'.4 07,C;iS feet (.'i r.n 41. 4 STATION' KliliOlt. A Btronc Houtheily jiJilo wuh liluwini; at Stations 0. 1. ami '*', liiniintf the ti'Iescojx! to llin nortli. Tin- error u( 10!i".2 is c1it)tribulo>l lit these tiiri'o ntatioiiH. or WJt nl eaoli, niot tin- H't-nlt ot eatli rteparnte i-rorr in calenlatetl and mibtraeteil from tbu Btatiou eiror ot 2^1 I'eet ^iveii bv the liiiea.H run. Tlio hiiiu ot tlieHc errors iHr>d fei t. Ftrl. ('Iii-xtiied dlstjince from .Station It to Aslioiioiiiieat Mouud 49^ i.lri.0 Computed otl'set due to diatame lttt,57ti.a feet ait'.'. ilJl.O BtltUh Astronomioiil Station aouth ivxu 210 Jfii hi :?iii| i 216 UNITED STATES NOUTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. United States Tangent N'o. 8 — Contiuucd. TANGENT LINe; AND MOnNDS. .l 1 9 » 4 fl li 7 H n 10 11 Ditlnnces. 1 a 1 c o t a 1 1 . + Final offsot to mound. Remarks, 3r. Ch.Llc«. Feet. 1- - Initial Point, moriiilan of Uuitod States Astr juom- ical Station No, 7. Stonomonml.lO'XO'. Do. Ei\rtlimonn(l,10'x0'. Stono motinil, lO* X «'. Eorth mound, 12' X «'. Stono mound, 10' X C. Do. Trrrolnal Folnt, meridian of British Astronomical Station. 10 17 2 11 ri 4 (i4 75 7 40 0.1 a !].-> 41 13 .'i7 24 10 I'.'i 40 18 72 77 20 31 70 21 03 08 23 51 77 fi71 11.334 2.'., 303 3!l,001 .-•il.KlT 72,418 CI, 842 00, nn in. 2 43.0 73.0 143. !l 107.0 21.3 47.8 74.0 97,0 130. 8 100.3 ....... 17.8 8011th.. 31.08O(lt1l.. 31.9«oiith.. 24.3»0llth.. 7. 1 north 37. 3 north.. 107, 008 111, OKI 119,577 318.4 "mo 203.7 "231. '6 114.7north.. 148.0 north.. Error at — Foot. Stations... I.e south. Stations 1.2 north. Station 4 3. s north. Station 5 — .5. 9 north. .SlationO... 9. 7 north Station 7 12.0 north. Station 9... Ui. 2 nortli. NoTR.-In rPviMitiK tlieso nrt*B in 1(^75 iin rrror wan discovcrfil in the computed offHwt at Slition 11, wbicli shonld bo 303.7 inHtead of 36!),0 lent. Thin lualtos llio iuonnit» oi rnnooiit*ly luiilt iia iu the culnnin to tho right. Owing to tho uncor* toiuty iu tbo nziuiuth, tho Htation error of iGlJ.li fivt uouth is not disturbed. K UNITED STATES TANGENT No. 9. 1873. From United States Astronomical Station No. 8 {Captain Twining), to British Astronom- ical Station at Short Creek {Captain Fcatherstonhaugh). [Observer, Llent. F. V. Greone Transit 'Wttidcniaon S-Io. No. 87.) AZIMUTHS. Date. Position of instrumont . c jltion of mnrlc. No. of readiii{ja. Star. Azlmulli. Sept, 1 8 I 8 8 Polaris E.. P Ursa) Miiioris W.. t' Ursiu Miiioris W.. Moan 969 49 17. 9 20.8 4.'>. 9 84 209 49 ;'S.2±3". 1 Tangent wan nm tlirougli a point 17. r* foot north of tlio Murk. Date. Position of iiiatrunii'nt. Position of mark. No. ()f ruailiii^a. Star. Asiimitli. Sept. 5 3-J „ PolnriH E.. rr»in Miiioris W.. >•» llrsinMiuolis W.. Y Ccpiioi E.. Moan / II 2U9 4» 11.0 4:1 1(1.8 4J .'ij. 1 43 41). 7 aU9 43 15. 1 ± 2". 7 SC9 43 11.1 4.0 izimiitli lino to distance. 8 9079 foot STATION- EISKOK. Feet. Chiiinod distnnro from Station 10 to Britisii Astronomical Mound 49° 4'JO. 3 Uoiiiputod oUsot for a lonisth of 94,410 foet 244.0 Station error, Britisli Astionomioai Station north 17S. G TANGENT LINE AM) MOUNDS. 9j 1 Distances. 1 « D P. a C s .i 3 is s ■ I'ili.ll oll'aot to luoiinii. Remarks. 7 H 10 Jf. OL LU Feet. -i- -1- Initial Point, meridian Aalroiiomic.t] Stadmi No. 8. Stone miinnd. 8' X 6'. E.irtli iiimiiid, 14' X 0'. Stutio niuuild, 8' X 6'. Eiirtli mound, 10' X C. StiuH) iiioiiiid. 10' X 0'. Eiirtli iiKiiiud, l.V XT. Mi'rtiliaii Ilriti!,i) ARtronoTiiiual Slatitiii. 1 00 5;i 2 0(i :.n 4 :ii 48 (i 21 40 n i;i 20 !l .'..-1 09 11 r.4 14 14 r>i ).') Hi (111 08 17 70 40 .^^ll lO.iW.'i 23,300 33, 093 4'', 393 .M.eio 01, 0.'!:! 77,.') 14 B!), 079 94,410 15.0 31.1 04.3 4:1.0 01. 90.0 :;:::;;; SaOnorlli.. !i2.7niiilli.. 154. 3ui)rtli.. 104. 3 104. 9 218. 244. li 114.8 143. 1 in.!. 7 17.-.. 21'.1. 1 liolill.. MS. unit ll . . 3KI.7nortli.. IJ0.2liiiltll ill r I miii M ; UNITED STATES TANGENT No. 10. 1873. From United Hiates Astronomical Station No. 9 {Lieutenant Gregory) to British Astronom- ical /Station, at Grand Cottau (Lieutenant (Jahcey). (ObsorviT, Liiut. F. V. Greene— Trausit Wiii iluiuanii 8-iu. No. 67.] AZIMUTUS. Date. Po»''!«.iof iuHtrutut'Ut. roHitiun (if mark. So. (if Star. Azlmiitb, Sept. 9 490 parallel 3035.3 feet wcat 1 I I'olnrls E .. B llrHii) Minoris W.. >' Uisa>Miiiori9 W.. y Ci-phel li-. llena - . / w 270 00 12. .1 12.1 m.n 07.8 lilO 00 ID. f ± 1". !) 3i Tiin;;i'ut wno run through a point 0.3 foot south of mark. Diit*\ r<)..iliou fl'iii.slniiiiL-ul. I'oHUion of mark, Ko. of ^i!adil>g^t. Star. A^iiiiiitli. Sept. in Station 9 Station 8 1 ^ 1 ^8 rolarii. Vrsm Slinnrift ... y^ Ur»;u .Miuoris ) Cciibcl ilean ... E.. .. W. . . . . W . . o / #1 60 4i ■1:1. :i 41 :)".!i 41 ;.G.;i 4J 01. M t!l 41! 0.-,. 1 ± 1". 2.1 8!l ■■i 07. 2 HI VJ 17. 4 10.2 Taii;{pnt Htartcd with an n /.Innitli of .s 0C8 fcrt This error wiu taki-n ua tho Buni ut' thu eriorH of observation ut both statiuDH.) ST.\TION ERKOR. Feet Ttio effect of tho azimutli error in feet at tin' tcrmiiinl print is 2.7 The cbalned distnuco I'looi jiatiuu 10 ul' taii^t f! 8 n 10 if. Ch. Lk». "u "4.'i' H.V 2 40 :>:, ,'. 01 i:i H 40 21 1) .VI 1-2 12 ;i7 in i:i m ^2 I.'. 2.-I 71 17 CI 1". 17 77 :i.-. Fat. 'li.'li'j.V ■ i:i, fM •,'ii, (172 4I,I-!I4 .',0. 1-74 i;.-i,ei4 00. 2-.'2 HI, KI7 9:l, 023 04, W,.->. 2 17. ;i ;(. i^soiitli .. i'.:i north. .. Initial point, iiMriilian of AMtruii(itiiit-:iI ^rtalion. Earth mmiml, •J(l'...'.i'. Do. Kartli mound, Hi'xO'. Do. Stiiiii- iiioiuii), 1 l',\'i', 'I'l'rriiinsil {loitit, niiriiltan ot ItriiiMh Atitii'ioiiiicat Slatinn. :i:i. 1 "4-..'fl' :,-•. (i oi.'-i ;)7.0ni)rili.. "Kn.'4'i,'I-t'ri!! I'.i7. Ol.c ill!.. iei'omirlli!. yirt UNITED STATES TANGENT No, 11. 1873. ,'0W United Stntcn Aiilroiiomkal Station No. 10 at Mid Cotcaii {Lieutenant Uregory) to British Antronomieal Station (Captain Fcatlicrntonhaiigh). (ObstTvor, Litmt. V. V. Greene.— Transit Wiinlemimn 8-iu. No. 87 ] AZIMUTHS. Dato. Sopt 18 I'osltidn of Instrumunt Po,Ulouofm«k. ^:5'j|°f„ Stnr. Aziiuuth, 5 10 fcit iioilli to oliiiiin n/iinulli l))l^t>J vatimiN nt \hv lii itiiiuil poiut. rilbir whilo thore, on thu way \vt>ttt, ur i('tiiiiiin<; t>i;st. '1 Iu> iniiini poiii* of iht> snci-rt ilini; Itiit.hh taiJi;('Ut wiib nut d'.'tiuitely niaikeil, no tliiit it WHS inipo'a^lblu to <'uin|Kiti) ihv a.iiiiuib with ttiu BmIi.-<1i ni.'i iilinn or l^ii^rut. Cbaincd diHtanco Ironi Sta hji l)i of tuiiili Aslrononiiciil ,SU\* liiiU. 3 54 CO 5 04 8a 7 20 41 J!l 73 12 07 ,50 14 21 SO 10 54 P7 20 52 51 22 01 14 23 40 15 25 15 ,58 20 01 10 14, 101 20,718 38, 307 52, 7p;) 07,815 75, 4ilO ff, 101 1011,000 110 433 .5. a 19.0 40.3 70. 5 ISO. a 38.0 -2.0 104. 2 143.0 184.4 10 10 111 10 10 43. Uonlli 03. Osumll. 73. 1*11111 h 77. 1 811111 h. CA2»ou(ll 2i3. i 1 2:10.0 320. 1 2t0. 7 1 10 10 ;m. Ssonlll lli.Ouiirtli. 124, OHO 133, 028 137, 350 422.7 337.5 10 7.->.2noitb.. 518.2 373.7 10 134. 5uurlh.. s m aii) UNITED STATES TANGENT No. 12. 1873. From United States Astronomical Station No. 11, at Bully Spring {Lieutenant Gregory) to British Astronomical Station at Porcupine Creek {Lieutenant Oaliceu). ffcs-* rciqrine Vreek {Lieutc [Obtcrvcr, F. V. Greene— Transit 'Wurdomnnii Bin. No. 87.) AZIilOTUS. Date. Poaitiou of iDHtniuient. Position of nu»rk. Nn. of roitdinga. Star. Azinintli. Sept 30 . ( 1,607 west nnd 0.3 feet { north uf 49° niound. 50.15 fnct oast of inatni- ueut. 1 ! Poliirls P UrsmMinnrls ... { Ursa! Minoria . . . ' // 89 58 00. 2 5a 01.3 07 54. 2 S4 fj 57 :S, U ± 2". 4 89 50 41. 1 42.9 Tangi'nt was ran throuuli apuiut 2.8 foct south of mnrk. The Bky was cloudy and it wua iiuposBiblo to obtain azimuth observations at terminal point. STATION ERROR. Cnaincd distance from Station 10 of tangent to British astronomical mound 519. 7 Tangent started north 9.2 .Vi8. 9 Computed offset for a length of 117,229 feet 377. 2 Station error of British Astronnniical Station, north 181.7 TANGENT LXNE AND MOUNDS. i 1 Distances. P. B 1 1 Final offset to mound. liemarks. 1 1 '4' 7 8 9 10 M. Ch. Iks. FcH. + 4- - Initial point, meridian of United States Aatrouomieal StJitionKo.ll. Stoiio mound, 9'xO'. Earth mound, lO'xC Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Terminal point, meriiiian British Astronomical Sta- tion. 34 80 3 27 00 6 40 33 9 40 00 12 14 23 12 50 .M 13 87 91 10 29 85 17 22 93 20 68 91 as 16 20 1,037 17, 622 34,341 50, lliO 64,299 60, 094 70, 462 ^6, 450 91,267 110, 148 117,229 0.0 8.5 32.4 69.1 2.5 27.3 53.2 77.8 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 6. 7 south . - 26. 6 nortli . . 76. 4uortli.. 137. 7 north.. 13(i. 4 205. 2 109.3 133. 9 9.2 9.2 230. 5 north.. 329.9norlh.. 333. 6 377.2 170.8 181.7 9.2 9.2 494. north . . 549. 7 north.. 220 UNITED STATES TANGENT No. 13. 1874. From United States Astronomical Station Ko. 12 (Captain Gregory) to British Astronom- ical Station, Little Itocky Creek (Captain Feather stonhaugh), (Obsorvcr, Lieut. F. V. Grcono.— Tr.iiult AViinlcmiinu Bin. Xo. 81.) AZIMUTHS. Date. Juuc :io Purtition of IntitrDiiieut. Pusltion of umrk. No of ren(liTi{;8. Star. Azimuth. ( SO fi'ft Boiilh of Uiiltod < States AHlniuotuicul ( Moauil, *'J°. \ 10.4 fi'i.t wt'Ht of In- I HtlUUltUt. 1 HI 1 HI [ 10 40 Pol«H« K. 3 Ccphi'i K . Y (Jiphi'l i; . >■' UiMiu Miuorirt W.. Moon •-till 51 ;ii. I .'.0 aii. 4 .'.I 117.0 ,M 14. H •Jlill .'it 0*. :i ± 4".!! Tnn^i'iit u'a>« run throii;jh a {loiut a(Ilui;H. Star. AztmntI). Station lOof t.angont 10 10 HI 10 IViilici V, . rnlariH K . . rr^a'MiunriB \V*. Vrsa. Minoria W.. Mo:i True nziraulh at dlstanco 135,858 feet Error of lino to tlio Boutli (TliiM rrrnr 1h taken to bo tlio sum of the errors of the a/.imntit ohservationa at the extrein- itioH; 1. f.. the whole line ran south lb".l, which gives Staition 11 an error of U.'.i feet.) 89 311 .'lO. 7 47.0 47.8 4.-.. 4 f-:i ■.a 47. 7 ±1' .f sa :ii 2:1. 11 ;iG. -i STATION KRUOU. The chained otfset to mound from Ptation 11 of tangent . The coniputeil olTset lor a distance of 13ri,H5'j feet reet •ni.r> rioii.7 Cti5.!^ The initial point was south 20. U.O 31.!l Station error, l}riti.4li Astronomical .Station north 233 II TANdK.VT LINE AND MOUNDS. 4i 1 1 (9 a Distances. 1 a Final olfset to mound. Itemarka. ■s .1 § d 1 Hi ^ W A 'A jr. Ch. Lk». Feet. + + + 1 1 !i 77 .'•.a 10,400 9.9 17.9 20.0 0.9 41. 7 north , Earth mouiiil, 12'X7'. 3 93 93 S2,(i llio nioriiliaii tlirnngli llii' nioiinil would lioro nii nzlniiilb nt tlio initial P'lint iif Tlio inarli was (iiyti south nf tlio tinp-nr 41.. 3 41 J aiw 10 ao i. \".-^ •J70 00 03. II 1 4U a I. II Tho tiiii{;('Dt WitH mil tlirou;;h ii point :i7ti.5 ft't-t uortli of tlin ninrli. Dftte. rositlon of Instrami'nt. roHition of ninrk. No. of ro.itlin;:s. Sinr Azilnulli. Jnly 10 Stntlon 7 Station fi 1 10 I 10 40 Pnlarirt y Coplici U I'lwa; Minnri)* )» Ur.sa' Miiiori:* .... Monn ... K.. ....E . ... W.. . . . . W . ' *' P!> 4'J i;7. II 7(1. tl ;.7 tl .'.;. rnu> nziiiuith nt ft (li8t;inct P7 87;i foot K> 41 ii;i.:i ± I".-.' Ml 1.1 il.7 TiiDgout north 'M"Ai. Tliit* firor is taki-ii to lie the huiii ct'llii' moin ri ilic nziniulli obHrirntiniiH nt Inith cxliciiiilleB, i. *• , tho wliulo liuo raa iiurtb I'.)",:i, wliitli givt's at Siutioii 7. an t-rror ul r*.'.i fii-t imi tli. STATION KUKOU. Thf chaiiu'd (.ff-i't to tin- iiiimni) trntn Stnlion 7 3-)0. Tlu' conijnin (1 Dllcet tn thi- nioum! fmni Station 7 21'J, TIh' initi'il point w.n nortli 11. 4 Tlin tMTor ot ii/itiiuth w.is north H. 3 Station ciTorof Iiiilinh Astnmnmicul Station north TANtiKN'T LINK AND MOUNDS. i:n. in. 7 i:.o. 7 ^ ■a |i t a 4 Distiinro?. £ .5 J V- a ■55 " Vinnl olTa t tnnioniiit. KemarkA. s a. " 1 H jr. ch. Lu Ferl. + 1 + _ _ 3 II monnt1. 10' ■■■ «■. 3 37 so 34, 13.') :i;.0 011.9 3.2 7H. 3 north Do. 9 49 l',i< r.0, 7!l!l 70. U 90.0 4. P l4-i.3niMili 1)0. 4 Vi 3'> 30 0.1, lilM lis. .5 117.1 0. a ■JIR. nori'i . Ho. ,i 14 33 fi 711, ai<4 l.W. 7 130. 7.1 ■it'.i uoith . D.I. 1 IC 51 41 87, !<7:i 2iao 1.18.7 8.3 349.0 north Do. I - '- i 5 ' i UNITED STATES TANGENT No. 15. 1874. From United Stn: Anfronowiail Sttitinn Xo. 14 {Captain (hrpory) to Jiyitinh Afitroiww- ical Station (Captain Fcallicrstdnliaiir/lt). [Obsorvor, I.ii'iit. F. V. Ore™.'.— rrnnsil Wilrili'miinn 8-ln. No. 87.] AZIMUTHS. Dat«. Piwlllon tR. Star. A/liuu!li. July 17 Stiitton 10 Stali'-n II f '" I 1" 411 r.Oiiii^ X'Ci'liliii P rr«:l' MilliMiK ... V'l'im' .MIii.iilH ,.. ....V. . . . . . i; . . ... w.. ...w o ' " •ii'.ii •Ji;'.l M> 40. 1 ± .V'.i •jiin 3,'i ip.o 31.1 i 100 130 '.i;.") fiTt This* ermr w;>s niailo in aiphlinj: frnni Stiiticm H to Station 10. n I'ihtiinco of "A milts, nnd ^ivcH Stalinn 10, norlh nf fnif tan- gent O.'J tft't, ShUion II, n<»ilh of trno l-mjicnt 0.1 fi-rt. STATION Elinoii. Fffit. Tlii'clnino'l olf-ct tinn.Munlat Statirni 11 ;i!M.3 Tlio I'lmipntcd oll's.t to niouini at Station 11 5(14.5 TIm' initial ^luint was north TliiMTnTi I uzirnnili Station error (if llritihli ANtronumir;!! Station, «iinth. TANCKNT mm: AND MOUNDS. '-UO (.. 1 2r^ 4 1 u ^ ■g ■/. IMslaiiccfl. 1 C '•;i riiiiii od'si't tlMUOllIul. Ucm.irl s A ^ 2 X '•J x M » Jf. Ch. I.ki. l\;l. + _ :i 3 4-J ,'.i; H,(UO !I.O IS.Ii iiO.O ■J!i. OsMiilh Siitni-inoiiuil 10' xc. r, a 3« M 4l.7rli .'..'..0 41 8 •-•O.O !l. 8 .'JDUtll llo. (\ 10 tH 117 .-ii.,'.i.-.(j i-ll. 1 57.0 •.•lul i-l 1 iiiirlh lio 7 l;) oj .1; t'-, s'lr, l.»i. 1 i:s. ■-'11. 11 411. ■_' iKirth Ii.i 8 17 4!) 4:< '.», O.'ti ■j:i7. r> i):l. ■JO. c 1','4. :> minh , Ho. a) 4ii (IJ io-i,(i;7 3 J4. 3 10-1.7 S», l'.i."i.6iiortli . Do 111 24 G4 47 1 30, !17.-) 471.1 i:il.o •M Hi 31.1. ii norlli Do. 11 87 li! 71 141,3119 51)4. 5 14.1. 8 a). 0.4 3'.I4. 3 iiorlli Do. ; ■ !»:? yi UNlTIOn STATES TANGENT No. 10. 1874. This Tanfimt Iran in two partu, both Marting at United StatcH Astronomical Station No, 15, at the Ettsi Fork of Milk River ; one part, east 8.5 miles, connecting irith Captain Fvatlitrstoiihaiiiili's Tangent, the other, icest 13.3 miles, to Lieutenant Galtcey^s station on the West Fork. [Observer, Lieut. F. V. Orociio.— Trnuult WUnlcmaau 8.|n. No. 87.) AZIMUXIW. Vm July 31 I'lisltlon uf Inntriimmil. ; »n fiMt wr»t finil la 1.5 flit north or [ muunO. rosltlon tif nmrk. "'" J iuati fert Pll8t «!' tlio mtruincnt. No. «f n'ailinjjH. 10 111 1(1 10 star. I'olnrls E . y Coplii 1 .K . H I'riui' MInorlH W. y Urwi) iliuiirla W . Mriin . Xlin nrlinutli nt tlilB point of n periirndlouLir to thu merlillnii of CuptiUn Grcgnn's AHtrnnimi- ical Muund Azimuth. 83 10 48. a .V,'. 4 ■18.4 .'.7. 4 88 10 51. C i 0".B m 60 M). I 1 30 68. j The tan^rnt line was rnn thruuRh n {miiit 411 fo<>t nonth of mark. No nzimutli obHerrntionH wcro t.iki'u nt tho OHHti-m extrtMuity. No azimuth obftorvniiona wcro talioii nt llio wcstorn oxtri'niity, tlio sky bi-ing oloady. Thu touijeut was cbockt-ti in azi- ninth on LicuttMiant Gulwey's moriilian niui Ibuud corri'ct Hitliii; 10". STA nOX EUROU EAST. Fftl. luitinl point, north IJXS CoDiputt'd oll'ael for distancu 44,703 feet 00. 1 TTiiitcil States dctcrmlnatiini of 49", Rontli li^. 1 DiMtnni'i! I'roni extremity to liritisb di'turmination of 40°, south — r>(i7. Slationcrror United Stites Station, north Ku^.o STATION EUKOR WEST. Onmpnted ofTsot duo to distnni'c 70,05>;i feet 1-4. 7 Initial point, north l-H. ti UnifedSta . dotermlnnlion of 40<3, north of taoKeut ll..** Aetuiti oll'i.'i to mound, Hduth IX). 'i Station error Brititih Stutiun, south ltjti.7 2*,>4 ■ i UEroUT OF THE cniRF A8TUONOMKIJ. 22.") United NldtcM Tanjiimt A'o. l(t — Coiitiuued. TANOKNT LINE (EASTI ANH MOUNDS. 1 niHUinooA. 1 t ^ 1 1 i La Vlnnl ofllwl ®*£ : lU IDOIUUl. Ill miirka. 4 a M. Ch. 7,1.. 1 IWI S iU 11 i;i,1H7 .TJ. 4.1 ino.4 41.9 lii:i.a lii7.0M>iitli . I3U. S IMl.Mwaitll. Stiine anil onrlli nioiiiul. W,<(V. Nlouoniiiuiul, ((Vxii'. TANOENT LINE (WEST) ANI) MOUNDS, DiRtanorn. il.Ch.J.la. I (III :irt 4 l!l 1H 7 17 Kl !l 08 O.'i 11 '.'I 40 Feet. 4 n, 0(11 i!.i; S-.'.,'.ri7 14.0 ;w, i:i7 30.(1 4^, 111 Oil. 11 70, 0.VJ i;ii. 7 •St. 5;i.u IHI. 6 1 14. r> Hid. 7 ■9 J "S'9 lull. Si l-.'ii. '.' IVKi. g l'j:i.i! Klnnl iilTHOt to uiuiiiid. m:i. n Hiiiiih ii>-j. aHiiiitli 171. 1 miiilli 174. 1 fiilllh I3.V*J KUUth RomnrkH. Stoni' ninnnil, Hi'xC. l).p. I)o. Enrth moinul, 1'J'X7'. Mfii'illinu BriiiHli AHlrnnoniical Stnlion. .« M' N n- ■ 15 n UNITED STATES TANGENT No. 17. 1871. From UnllaJ States Asl>v)wm ival Station Ko. 10 (Captain Gregory) to Britinh Astronomical Station {Captain Featlurxloiihatigh). [ObsiTvor, Lieut. !■'. Y. Gri'ciu'.— Traiiftit ■\V".iiHMii'iiin 8-Jn. No. 87.] • AZI.MUinS. Date. Position of ii:striinioiit. i FositioD of mark. X,.. <,f n'atlir.t;a. St.ir. Azimuth. July 85 M.5f..,.M„.,-,.„r«... ) '^;^i:;;;r"'""'f '"• ( 10 I 10 :io rolaris E.. a ITrt.x Miiioris W.. y- UiB.i> MioorlH W.. o 1 n 208 43 4iO 54 8 Sl.'iin •JC.8 .l;! 4a 9 ± 1". J 1 Tuh.'cnt line ruu through n point 208.25 f-'o( north of the murk. Station 1) of tho tunjirnt was iin ti.n i... i- ".inn of tlioti rniiiial in>iiil of niangcnt run rn.st by *,'aptain FcuthiTslouhnuKh. Tho azimuth was tlirt'lieil Ikti* 1 >• luittiiif? a ntnko on Unltcil Statt'fl tanf -iit. on (lio rot-riilian of next liiitish tanp-nt sialic, nicaKniiiijf tlio diAtauco lietwtMMi tlin '.\\t»t:inj:»'nl3uteac'' point. By tht'ne moans tht. azimuth of tlio United Statofl tniim-nt was foniul to lie True azimuth Icr KtlL'-IO foet Azimuth trror . Lc. _'th of Captain I'Vnllit'rst (!'. 07. :i 34.5 i3. :i,io itli . Do. !•.',. ll :i4. .'i 7>..'i» ith . Stone nionnii. 10' :• 0'. 147.0 34. 5 4."i. Of ath . No nicmnii loiilt. 2:14. 34. 5 ■H.i'nirlli . liritiHli inonmt. 8S0 I J TTNITKl) STATES TANGKN'T Xo. 18. IcSVl. From Viiiii'il Staten Astronomiciil StatUm I\i>. Vi (Captain (Smpry) to Britinh Antfoiwmical tSUitiiiii (Ijictitfiiaiit Galiccy). (ObatTver, Licul. F. V. ("iri-eiie. — TriinBit Wuiilcinami r--iu. No. pT.j AZIMCl'IlS. Date. Auk. 3 PoRition of inHtruitU'iil S4i :tfL'pt willtlinml 1,47!P fffl 1 on^t of Unitoil States astro- > lioniicnllnoiiiKl. * Position of nifirli. No. of rciulill;/! Azinnitli. lo.do f.M't west of ill- ;S JU Hlniiiifiit. ' ' 1'ol;iris ]•; ., -j-.a 01 ii;),7 /( rr»!i' Miuori«.-'\V.. (ij. n )'risiiMiiioii9..\V..' (H, ."i 'JTO 01 113. .I ± I". 1 ' \i 10 ! :w .M.iiii, Tlie nziiuiitli a! tliis point of uporptMulii'iilartotlir iiKTiilianol t'liitnl SlatrHaHtronoinic.llmoucd. 270 00 17.3 I 3 40. S 1 'i'iin;:oiit villi tlii-on^ti n point in. .'I foct Bouth of mark. Total Icimtli of t i-.i'ji'nt Is n),c.;io foot. STATION EUUOIl. Feel. Chaineil oflsot from riiiti'd Stitm tan;:!-!!! to Ilritisb A.-itroiioniira1 Station 40 , north 4.0 ComputiMl oOwt fonlistaiioo, t;i,l'.3l'i foi't liJO.ti Inili.-ll point, south 4:1.3 Station error of Itritish .VstruliorniiMl Station, soulli TANGENT LINK AND MOUNDS. i.O 1 1 d 1 a a . Filial ofl-xet toinounil. Kfllialks. o, c. ■i a a S g « o Si W — i'eel. + + ■, "CO II. 'i Iv - 4i3 3. 3 south . Stoiio nioiiiul, III' ^ 0'. .:7,OI'.'i :I7.P 1! . ■: <•:. 3 31. 1 soiltli. . Do. :,^, :io.-i ii;i .1 1 ;.!. '.I 4-J 3 3!l. Osoiitli . Do. 7 81!. .Vlil I-li.» Mi:>. 11 4',>. 3 Hi. 4 south .. Do. f 81l,U3ti 8i!o.r> ai;.i. 4'J.3 4.0sonth .. llritish ahlrononiical iiiouiul—Mcriiliau. 387 ,', ! i ''J,, 11 W! sLii II '■ I .1 i .!■-«; 1 ft , ■) UNITED STATES TANGENT No. 10. ISTl. From United i!>tatcs Antroiwmical Station No. IS {Captain Grainrij) to Jiritinh Astronom ical Station (Captain Feathcistonliaiiyh). [Observor. Lieut, !•'. V. Greeiif.— Transit AViinlctininn H-iii. \o. 87.] AZIMUTUa. Datu. 1 Positiou of inBtnitiifitt. | Position of mark. Xo.of roiiiliiiKS. Star, Azituntb. All);, n IKi.afti't ncrtlumil ITI.lll'cct ) went of ruilr'i! Stiifrt Hs- ;■ : triiuoniical tuouiid. ) ' .iiuiuh At tliifipiiiiitof tlio pi;riM IH,3-.M fi'ct, west of iu- HlI'lUlK-llt. 1 10 :tO TIrsiD>riiinri8 ..W.. U Ci'phii K .. y Ci-plH'i K .. !i70 Jl in. 1 41..-. 34. U •J70 31 3-4. 1 1' 26!) 5i) 5a 1 34 33. 9 . ir. A nilienliir t;> the iucri(.. L'O. 1874. From i'nilid iSUttts AxtrDiwminil Slaiioii No. 1!) (Captain (Irajotii) to liritixh Antroiwm- ical iStation [lAiutcntt'it (lalircij), [ObHcrver, Liwil. F. V. tJict m-.— Ti iiimil 'WuiiU-iniuni h in. No. hi] AZIMUTHS. Date. Auk. M Ponition of inBtruincnt. l^uBitiuii (if maik. No. of n-udiiigH. < li..n. iniralmoiiii.l. )[ ""•■""'»• j " ) (Vohci r.. l*«inrM K . l'ia;(' ^linoi-is ..AV. V"' Urwu Miilot-iH ..W. ! ' 40 I Mr:lll Azilliutli lit lhi« })niiil of 11 ptTlK'Hiiirulur In (lie iiifiidiun 11iroil|;li llir iiHlroiKHiiH'al iiiouuil , Azimuth. O I It '-im 08 UH. 1 ■).-. !) l'J.3 atl!) .'iS vlll. 4 ± l".(i ] aCO 5!) 5H. .'i 1 :i8. 1 I Dnte. TiUitrtMit wiiH run through u point h.:) i'lM't uortli ot 111) niuik. Position of iuBtrumeut. Poaiiionof uiuik. Xo. of ri'iiiliugi!. Slur. Azimuth. C Ijii.l U'vt iMs( iinil 1-J4.1 fVct ) ! < Honth of III ilisli ithtiuntiiu- > titntion :> uf tiin^ont i Cal UlMlllul. >| 1 S 10 ( 6 V ('('plici K.. I'oluiia !■;.. 1 ' (' SI ac 41.7 Ki H'.l 38 47.r. ± 1.4 HI ;w 4(p. 4 1.1 I'oUil liii);tli of tanjiout 1IS!,7H foot. STATION' i:itl!OI!. IWt. riKiiiifil t!ist;uu"< from Uiiitt-il Slatf^H tiinp-nt to Itriti^h ilt'ti-nuiliiilion vy . . . 1-J4. I fnlMpuliMl ofl'.-.i't for llistlluCf 11-',714 fcit 348.7 !iJ4. (i 3.4 Initial point Station rrnir. llritinh Astrouoniical St.itiou, flout li TAXOENT LINE AXD IIOITNIW. ** 1 1 i 1 i y. ? <^ a Final nflVol ^'c toiuouiol. i p. e c 1 feel. .1 _ 4- 17, Till 8.11 3.".. 8 3.4 '.'3. 8 Mint h... A 3P,r.in 311.8 73.il 3.4 33. 78onlh .. 'i M, 07-2 Mi. 3 113. 1 3.4 '.'3. 4 south... I> Ti.iiia l:iil.'J 113. 8 3.4 l.^Houtb. .. F e.% XM •JIK). 17S.3 3.4 31. 1 not 111 .. B lOMiw 308.4 814.1 3.4 97. 7 lion h .. 119,5(111 n«,7i4 1 R.-aiiirUs Stoiii' mound. Ifl'xd' Slono niotitid. 12' XC. Slono tnoiind. ll'XT. Stono moiintl, irx8'. Sloiio inoiinil. 12' -. "'. Sloiio niiiiinil. I'J' ■ 0. Trrininal lojni of tanirttit Itiilisli AKlrononiU'al Station niftidinn. U'i9 m ! ' f I 1 . i i.:.:iil ii'-l i i rs 'K!„.i ..J., ,ii^ i CONNECTION OF AS rK'OXO^riCAIv STATIONS. DETAILS OI-' lilUTlSU T.VX(ii:NT LK.KS AM) MOUNDS, COMPILED I'lIOM THE KECORD- IJOOKS OF CAI'T. A. FEATllEKHTONlIArdll, i;. E., AND LIEUT. W. J. CiALWEY, H. E, BRITISH TA^'Gl•;NT Xo. 1. 1S72. From Lal. l.-7n livo niiTtn: l':iit rii>«, L:il;o nl lln> Wciula In Kust Kiisoau River, oltSLTvev Cul'tncl Kfrii-i'l ; V:\n Sri'oml, riiic liidfro to Ktnt Ilitsi uii liiver, ('iNtiVi r A. F"at!iiTMtiuih;ni^'!i, K. E.] AZlilUTII.S.— I'Ain' I'lUST. I'l lu) nzinnillt iii" Tart Kivst wiia checked by W. J. Oiiiwt'V, It. M 1 Pati'. K(.b. 84 I'lisition of hislrnmoiii. i Pusitioii of iiiatk. Star. ! v\.zimutli. 1 ( At Tcrriiiiiiil I'oilit, 17 i > | > mill's t.;i7'.'.b fell In in V At IMiillc iioinl •, ( Lak" uf \V™hI«. ) ( 1 J , /I e\) 41 47. CI) 41 49. ^!) 4\l 5(1 ! (1 Vrntv Mnjttlio — /:* Vrsai Mitmris 1 01 I Tim (uiiticnt w.'tH iim iliit iij:h n \.i inl {I.ltW ^ Cm-I >; ^iIi 1' 01" -) -l.tl iiuliit^ m ii;1i uf I he mark, t.i within tlirct) niilt'it ul' ttiv Lakt; ot ihu Wntidit, uiul luuiiil curiret. I Date. Ponitiim of inHtrunioiit. ( li.mriniiral.SlHlioii. \ZIMI:T1IS.— l'A!;T .SKCON'l). Pottitiou of mark. Star. MC}.3j cliaiiiH went (.f ill- ( :>[ Ccpliri HtlMIIUMlt. t .")1 C'l'[)ll( i Aziiiiutl). 21)!) 50 OO. 93 MiMP i 3119 ,'i8 fiA.'iTi I Tiic toii;:c)it wn.s jinijoiitfod on the corrcil aziiniitli to K.t.st Kosciu IliviT. ,V(i i-ci-iir.l of Iliia. STATION' EUKOK. tWt. Vurt Sm'Oinl i-tarlcfl imrth 77. (Xlirl line til iti«tiiljci> IIU. Part S-onnil smith ct' 40= Part S. ciiiiil Min Ih i.f I'ari First , Uiri. (ill Offwt fiT.iM I'urt Kii,: ilui'tiiiliBlaiicB aW.iW Stiitii'n crrnr Pino Riilg« Astiniiotnical Station, north 38f'. ? iWi*. ? 1 KEFOKT (»F rHK CUIEr A,STi{ONO.MEK. Bylti.ili Tauyent No. 1— Conliiiued. PaKT FUiST—m-FSETS hi lAl; \i.I,Er. 281 g » 1 1 .5 «» a s ! (>. 5 ■?l e.^ I'iiijl direct Il4 Sa .1-" In fMet. £ n O •.ri -r + 00. "■;.■! li IT IS !):!." Lorl 11. * ai. -M oo.w 3(; r..i *Xii lionli IJ. 2J 4ti.75 CO. Ill liul.'li ■> w. i:) CO.b? fO. t'') iMji-Hi. a:. r« 7:i, 01 ion.,'-,o Doith. :r,'. .-io H.-J. Bt I2'i7l niirtli. •If-nb !iv. :.j 110. HO iiurtli. ;'-'■' i T(l!l..'4 ni. 5.1 north !i.>l 71 ia:-'.2l rmtli. ,"-•" I i:i:).Sd sac. I.', rcpvt'i.. llU.lifl 1 .l(i.0.i iii9.:« 1 ir)rt.sj 2SV. .•!(; urn 111.. IM.OO 1 170. :i9 :«o.:!!i iioitli. i;s.i'o 1 isi :m in.-..'j'3 1 I'M 7) ;i'ji'. I..*) nuiDi ir SiO.SJ 1 so(j. no 427. 4:i r.oii:i 17.20 9S7.C(i 1 aio. 00 tiT.liO noitU. . K<-inark?( No poat wui liso-1. tl'.Tr,. being no linn ^r, Fjirth laoiind. Earth ruoaud IrjD pillar, Eurtli inc-uml. ! Karthnijund, Iron piil.ir. I I'orf- f;£(.'(l by A. F.-iil!H'i'Ntnnhant;li, h. !■;. PAliT SECOKP-OFVHKTS To I'.rKAr.Li:!,. s« a i g C: te b. 3 .1* « R ,c .^ .1/ CA. JU. Ck. 4- 142. J 1" 20, M K'li. i;>2. .'ie 21 00. 00 10 72.05 east,.. PO. 04 7.'.(l..'i7cast... 45. 48 03.71 2!) 00.00 i .•"O 0(1 00 j 1? 01.01 enst... 2 7S. 05 ca.)l , . 1 73,05 caft .. ■-.•'.00 iJli. 44 08. 70 73. 59 35.87 ?!3. U U -,0. 4!' west , . I'iuiil iitrwl, i.i I I'ftt. Jvem.it'ks Earth niouiiil. ■ InHi pilliir. --' K.irlli mil 1. .. Iron pillar. ..| Karlh niuuiid. i'i CT m ' i If ^ 1 ( •< ii'i i i '■;i I'l :J i 'I . . I|H I* '.I J «. 1 ! I ill I UlilTlt::i rANdlONT No. li, I87;5. Flulu Joint Anlronomicdl Slalion Xo. 1, nt HvA River, to Joint AHtronomical Sluliun No. L', la I'oinlc Michel. (Obii-iviir. I.iiml. W. .1. (i.iln.y, li. l:._'l'caii«ll IlM'OiI.ilitu 7ln. I '. (). No. ;l.| AZi.Miniis. Moy '£) VmMUm nt limlrtiiiH^ril. I'OHitioll III' IIIJtiL. InHtr..,M..Mlu„:./.irnMrl,,H.it J ^V-^'' l.mtM.m.-nl :i.r.7y :. .Vo. of PiiTiiriH I'olutl-i l'..I..riM a CiHiit Mujoiii . i I'irtiu MirKnitf . Mr-:,ii Azliuiitli. ' It UTO 00 :iO. It lil.O III. II iil.:i W70 oil 17.11 Tiiii'iciit WUH iiiri tliriiii;!!' u iHiiiit i:l,.'>7'J.-'i I'l. y. hiii I7",ti) J. II in. Hoiilh (if Iho iimrk. 'riiii liilipi'lit wilH chci'ki'il lit I'liiiitr Mm Iii-l liy i ii]iriillii({ tin- uri(:li! Iirlui i-lt it ]il)(t Itii' Mil Ni'l iniTiiliuii. lU-tiiilt: Tiiiijft'tii riiiiiiiitK north 1 1".!-. KlAriiiN i:i:l;i)it. Feet. Mi'iisiinil ili^liiiK'ii I'liiiii li>iiiiiiiiil iiuiiitiil liiiii{i'iit III III" '>li. 711 'li(iii;i-iil nl:tlti-il imrlli tU.-J."! UllHiil iliii' til ili.Htani'i' -M 111. l<7.'i ft Slaiioii I'lnir S'.jitiiill friiir liy l.lriltrliaiil lilvi-iiirH llllipillt . Mi-ali HI at HIM I inir, .Miclul linrlli Moiiiiili* WITH liiiilL liy Lliiiiti-uuiit (frriiiie. ISi-u IiIh ri-porl, |iii;;4i ^MH.) :i I'J. II I am. ii7 ;it.in :>^ 114 ZW 1 IJUI'I'IHII TAKdKNT No. .{. Fiimi. Juiiil Ahtroiiiiinical tStiilioii Aa. 'J, at Mirlul, In ootn Aslioiiowiatl tSlalii>u AC '.'>, I'niihiua Mouiilaiii, cant. irn.iinlitKii .V, .-^iiuH Ti«ii»it lhc».cl.ilili', 7 in. K O. Nn ;i.-()l.* rvi.r. W .1, (JaUi-j , l;,l': | AZIMinilS. I'tmitidtl (if llmlnitlHlJlt riiKiliiin (if niark. N.I. (if IciullllKK. Slnr. llmtniinclit nil imll'iitKiiniiJAl : :),iri't.7 ffi-l VM-H(. (il ihnKii •! I'nlittiH . liiuiidiitii. iiiiirit. t'iiiti-.(l SliitrndoU-Miiilialion. I I I i M.-iiii 'riiuj;'""^ wjiH run tliri>iif;Ii iinml ■((.— itirh;-H cinitli of (hi- ui.irk. At .Iiiiiil. A'ih(iji(itnir;il StiiMon, r<-riil)iiiit Moniilatn <-ii>il. Itio ixUiiU^ hrtwi ti IIid titti^t'tit, uiifl lln^ ttHlHiiiniiiK-.'il iii> ijtlijdi <(l 1 'iiptitiri rr.u;hv;iHU'iilifiU|;h ^it\t} thi) azitiiiitli ol Lmij^nnt I'liU) a/.itiiiilli «iint III itiMtuii! «j Axliiiiilli i-rror to north Af.iiiinlli. 'lO 01 .•i.'i. 1 !.U Ul ;,:,. 1 MP ■).-. •ji. :i K'.l 41 )».:i :iu. I'liiH i-rtui wiiH (;onNi(lrr>:(I CiUtiitiLillvn, iiml wtii <]intrjtMili;(l nl imcli utiiliiiii ittnixiilinnnlly lu Uh dintaiu't- fifin Mii ))<*I. SI AilON KKUOIi. 'I'hti uilJuHt<-o. i-ri Nuiiili. 4'l. .'il miillli. 4li. 70 HiiiKli. 40 :M iiniilli. :ui. i.'.i Willi ii. •J*!, 47 Hdlldl. i!". 77 ni.iilh, 10. Om iiimiIIi, (111 1(11 IliMlll. 11 'i:i odiil). •J- 41 mil 111. 41 4'i Odllli. OMU iiurili. S'vie.- Thv iidu iiiunuuniiiH \^<-iu (iubii>'(tu(«nl1> (.'n:iil]4Mit uh 1.,1Iii\vi4; race ri'/ftt. fcU .',() 37. i S!7. .1 I'acii U'/t. !•:> .vj M. :, .',0. 40. ■10. 33. 4JS. 60. 40. 87. .'i Menns, 89 w :i7. 5 i-'J w 4:i. 1 Moui) (if abovo (((cnnH ObHurvcd HziiiKith of niurididn . V.I U'J ■10. Ki 00 00 O'.l. 2 Azllmllh (if tniii;('lit 870 (K) ac. 75 The ((Uicciit waft r(in tliroiiLili n iiuint li.M.') iiii;1ic5( luirth of tl(c (iijtrk to I'cddiidii I^iv(>r. A lino connnctiii;; uith thin tjill^CUt Wlltt riHl ■■.■i^t, fiooi l't^((]hill.1 Mooiltllid Weil, hy f.iclltcd.'int i'llf'Vlw. Tho p.ir.'illct wiM ridtrkud withiiiit Htidiori onor, nciir tho lant iiickct of Liudtfididt (irctnjo'H lino. It wah ai;n cd to con- («idcr thin ttiu ti kb 40^. STATION KKllOll. Feet. MeaHiii-cd oil'Met from r.itM(teii(Uit(Jr> (>no'H tddKcnt to ■IK^ 00. (iH Etrorof iiiitijil |.oidt couili. Iti. 04 17. ta OffHOt ddo to difcliido i> TdiicH a,o,-.', feet fJi. li StAtiod (jrror, rodihioii Moant.-iid wt Ht, Hoiilti 7:1.74 OKI.SKT.~l TO I'AItAI.LKr,. in- •r .= 3 a c a in *•* H i - Xi. l-i ■_ = « © Itf'umrkfi. E..5 i rt u a 'it 1 *-• ^ Ui fcl M. Chi. \- • 1 Oil. (l.H p.n |(i. !t •». 1 north. 1 r,.-i,rii •J. .'i l.V.I S. !» north. :i iKi. (I.H 8.".. 7 ii. Bouth. 4 .-17. so i.i.a ;iH. 1 0.0 Hoiilh. 5 oil. 10,1 41. :, 7. r> tifiiitii. n 00. 87. .1 :,\.i) 7. 2 Houlh. 7 111. 40 40. ! ni.H 4. H MOlltll. P 00. 4H. ll". H .').vlinn nliM rviitiniiH wtTd lakcii Willi tlii^ tVtllowirii; n-Hiilt: IllU.-. I'oHitidD nf iimtruiiiciit. J'riHitiuri of mark. 1 Stiir. Aziiuutli. W«!l;lit. July Vi I'olariH . r, 1 II . ^9 48 02,7 , 10. 3 i i I rill. l'"(r.ltliurh t:ilti:r'nt waH mil to AHlroiioniir-n1 Ktiition at I'lirtlo Alountaiii caHt, ^vhi ri- tlio azimutlt uiiH <:xaiiiiriftl liy ('n[iruiti ,tonliuii(;li and nil i^norof 7" foiitiil, wliicli wa.s iiuj{li>ctoil. .STATIO.V KliliOIt. Feci. MiasiimlolTKi-t aM(!Tliiiijal[ioiiit of tari);i'nt tO'l!i° II(i.7h Krior of initial point north W, Ifi II..!. Ill Offmit iliii' to ilixtanci', 'J0.:n3a uiilt3 W'i-i. V.\ .StAti.iii rrror, Tiirtio .Monnlain ijlHt, AHtroiioinical Sljitioii Hoiilh I.V.I. a.'i OFI'.SKX.S '10 I'AIJAI.I.KI.. i 3.9 •S.2 1 = £ . = 1 S.S Kinal ollsct in i fl = = 'M firt. ill 'J ■J5 El ^n. fHi -1- 0.77 7.70 wi. Hi U). l.'lHOUlll. li:ii. Ill :i. (Hi I.-...V! .V,'. 10 04.01! Houtll. ■J to. nil 11. rO si:i. 'J"» :.i. 10 OH. .'..'i Kolltll. :i'jii. nil l..al ;ii.in 5^. Hi ■.O.IIOnonth nil. IH •-•0. 1.-. ;)!!. Kl Wi. 10 71.1-1 Hoiilli. l.■^l. 17 'J !..'.« 4;).!(7 .'iii. Ill 71. .^7 fcoiilli. .'ilHI. I II a7. .'.0 .'il.XI :a. Hi liH.OO Honlli. mf. iiii r.i.iti (i:i. H 1 .'.a. IB 01.^1 HOIIlll. 7il.-.1l 71. 14 71. Kl Vi. 16 ,Vi. H.*i Honlli. "r-O. no !«. :>1 e.'j. 'M .VJ. Hi 14.117 H.iith. !i:i:i. i-.i 111 1. '.M III). ."W 5iHl :(H. ,11 miilli. l.iiin.i:! lj:i. fH !H. (i:i r.-.'. 10 ■40. Ill HOIIlll. 1,0111.77 1 i:i. :u iiiii.'ji ,VJ. Hi l.'l. 114 HUlltll. 1,'JIII. IHI 17-.'. -,0 mi. 'ij :a. Hi u:t. liu north. 1. •J';:i, '- I'.il ii.i \-ix:ii :,'i. Hi IH. :.o noiMi. i,:i.-7.'.iii '.':«!. :iii i:ii. i;u :a. Hi 41. M iiorih. 1, tm. no •Jlil.Ol III. .Ml Wi. Hi 00. HI north. I..-III.I).-. •.'■■.I. ly 1 1!.. :i 1 Wi. Hi *>!*. 1-J north. 1. till. 11 Jal. Ill l.-iii. J.-) 5i HI 110.7'' north. S'.tl —Till' iiiitiiUfI 111 twi'i'n Sli;o|iy Ifullow ainl 'rmllo 51otintain wan ntil>si-<|uctil)y ninrknd hv nioiiiiilH !) li;pt in iliam- t'tiTaiiii li'cl lii^ii, Willi III lino anil tri'iirli, lit llio follouitiu ilihlaliii'H I'toin initoti point: '.!40.P0 ch'ailiR, l.'kl.n cliaini*, ''.7H.00 I hailiM, 0:i;'.OI rliailm. 1 *JO-l.()0 i liaiilH. anil M-O.OO ihaii/a. .Ml otiiir tnoiiniU wiTo lii-ilroyml. •j:!,'. '!'> I' m iiy 1 it- 'I Pi * ' iUUThsii tangi;nt No. o. IMT.i. From Turtle Mountain Kunt toward Turtlr Mountain WchI. I'l'luuiihtull & KIliJH I JuliHit Tliiiictirljli' ]'. O. Nil. I — OliHilMr. A. I i'HIIiiTkIiiiiIi;iii|;Ii, It. l: ) AZIMUIIIS, Tim a/iiitiilh iir jniiiul |iiiiriL wan ilrtrrniiiii'il liy ii m'lii'H iil' un^liH bi-tui-i-ii tlir iniTiiliitii iil' aMliiiuniiiittil tiiiiiiiii iiiiil llin taii{;i'itt uu fiflluWH. J'tife Tijfl>t. I'UKf left, B'J .W .'lO M) .Ml 1 .2. ,1 9U O.'i M Ifi. S Wl 1.1 :iU Oi r.rt f.u tt) 00 .'iH .')7. .'> Mnuim, 80 Sa U). HI .'lU 00 o t It Mvtiti (if iiliiivo Ilti'rtllH *"U ,'iH r»!l. 75 Aiiiiiuiliiii iiii'iiiliuii Xi;i i'j o;i. M A/.ilnillli III' fuil^^i'lif 'rillUUUl.t 'rlin tiin^i'iit w;ifi iir()l(iii'.ii'i1 tin IIiih ii/.iiiiinli iifiiMit -Jl niili-H, win ni it \\n\ <-nniiiM:(iMl wilti l.icnli-naTit (tri'i'riti'n tiui^i lit luii fUHl froiii Turtld Mouriluiii wi-h1. A 7.1 mi nth (il)Hfi\;iii(iiiH wi-ic liuii: taUiiii liy .Mr. Kiiit;, with lultiiuiii^ i-t.>Hull>4; m Date. INmitlaii ol'iUHli-unicnr hilluu of umrk. I On t.iii^rol j On lan^i-nt Htiir. Aziniutli. ( Pollirin I A ('rnii' Minorfu I'll ••'■1'1'"1 Mi^ait 'I'rnn azininlh . . . MiTiir in a/iiniith t'J M 111. 7.'i ll.'i (l(i. 'JO :)l .'.Ii. 7.'i ;i.') s.-,. 7.-. i-o :i.-. ;h. «.'. m :m n 4-'. :i.'i 'I'ht' lrn;:tli iir{,'aiitjiin I'l iithprhlnnliaiiKirM tan^iMit wiih Tlui li-ii|;lh 111' i.li-nli.-nant (iiMiiio'ii tftli^rlit uim l>lHtaniai lii'lwciiii HtatiiiaH, Tiirlli' Miiiintain t a^-l anil Turtle Mniiiil.iiti wi-r^l . Si'ATIO.V KlCUill;. MraHnrril iiir^i't fniin I.triiliiiaTit Ori'oni;'H linn tii l;i'^ Mi-aniuril iitlnut liiini liiilii.li laiii^rnt 111 L'tiiled Stutea tau;;i.'Ut .!ii'- paralli'l niirlli i.t' llrilii-Ii tniiizinl, liy riiili-il .Siati'M ilrti-rniiniitinn liariilli-1 niirlli ul liiilihli lait;;rnt, I13 nli'sitt iliii' ti> liinlanci' Jf. •t:i:i. H s_ s-i t l''iltltl f)ttli(--t in Ict't. IN ttiiirks + i Ii 7 ) ri. .'. iHiiHi. '.I. :t I 4!l. 1 inn 111. :i.". 1) nil. 11 in.rlii. 'U, Ii . ll.'i. I inillli. i::i. I '....'.. Ii h. 7."i. h :(J'J. I In llh. f>*.H -l-C. :t M> III 1(10.7 .'.:!!..•. l.cnlh. A'ofi'.— A pnHl wan iilaccil in llii> iiili'iiin uCf-arh in nunl. Iirini: niilik :i li-fl in llii' ^roiiint ami iiiaiki-d i'.f. la thii aiitunin (il Ihil an iiun lahlct wan bniii-it it tii't in llic ^iiinnd, 10 rct-t lant ol'i'iu:}! nniiiinl. 3:iii nUITISII TANiiKNT No. 7. i.s7;{. From first (U-oHsinfj^ Mhukv liinr^ ftt South Antfrr ('reck. ITroiiulitnii •l.ii:rn it unit llio r.riiitlt tili'Hcnpo niri-Hlijiii M pfut'il, (ilvirit: ilm nuin nl wvi-n irpi liljorm ht) SH y.V7 TliHii/iiiiulii of tiiurk lliroii;:li \slii(:h tuiicmt wiih tun V!(i<> Ti!) .Vt.'j 'I'liii ltiii<4<-iit wiiH piolon^iMl li i)ir4i:irici) nf H.|!».r-7 rhiiiiiH, wln-ri, i iiroiiiiti'riri;r tlititnT. iiii offNt't. wiih iiiiulo In tlm himiMi t4> uvoiil il. '1 lii> ipri;:iiiiil Undent unit n-Kuiiicil iil r.'it.'.o.'i iliuiiiH iiml piutmi^ril to Dtl.ti? cliuiiiH. \Un\ ii/.iiniitli (iliHiTv.iitoiiH \htilri»ii(iiiiii';il su>ll in ttio ri-nfrr ot KiHii, r» fi'i't liiuli. T.Tt I'ti't Iitoail ai liiiMi', witli Im-uihi 2 fi-i-t anil tiriuli y.fi fiit wiili-. Tin; ixti-rioi o| lln- niimnil waM ciiri)- fnll.v ri-vMtliil Willi hoiIh. ' A roiTiTtidtj III' — 1 fiHit in to 1 tiaiipliiiil. Tl:« nionnilH at IIii'mo puinlH wcro Ifiilt willi tliis error. '237 t fHii M '1 IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 11.25 Hi MM |2.5 |io ■■*' m^M ^ ^ 12.2 1^ 1^ IIM 1.4 III 1.6 % y Photographic Sdences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STRIET weBsvfcR.f. ' Msao (71«)S73-4S03 '>V UltlTISK TANGKNT No. ti. 1873. From AntroHomical Station ikcond Cromng, Mouse liiver, to United States Attronomivul Station No. 8. [TrniiKbton & SlmiT-ln-Troiialt TbnHliililo F. O. Nu.3.— Uliscrvcr, W.J.Uilwpy, R.E.) AZIMIJTIIS. D«to. I'onition or iMtrainent. rusition iif mnrk. Star. Azimutli. Au|t. 11 ) Inltlnl jHilnt f>f tnnKcnt on lucrltl' 5 iuiiof Aiitrouonileal Statinu. I,34il.it n. ncnt (It iimlrunu'nl . (I'olnria 1 ...Ilu 1 .. S.8 ft. X aIii 7". 4 =) in. uortli nuil Ihio continui'd lo t<>miinal point. STATION' EKUOIi. Ftel. Mi'aanri'il ntWt fnmi terminal point of tantcent tit 40° S97. GO Error of intliul iK>int, north 3t>. tst 384. 40 Coniputvd ofl'ict due toiliatanc«2l>..'i87 350.6.'i Statiun urriir, Untti'il Statca AatroDoniical Station, south 3M. IS OFFSETS TO PAKALLEL. s h a « . .1 6;! II Final iifTiiet, S3 §..s §^ c'2 %. a ill flH't. i + a- Uik: £ - _ 3. 6.ffl 4.47 Sfl.83 94 4laautli. (1. 97. ,\'> H.ni an. « 1 e. '.'aaoiiili. U.O 8-J norlli. l". 'J47.»7 iMLHl 86.83 104. 33 north. Soil'. The form iiihI iiintkinic nf ihc niniindn Wfri- )ii rrery renpoct ahiiilar t^t ihrwc mi tlit> tnDfjt'nt from fli-Mt i'n«H)iit{ Mouse Kivi-r to S«mih Anifer Cret^k. 1^ HltlTISIl TANGENT No. 9. 1873. Froni Short Creek Aatronomioal Station to United States Aotronomical Station Ko, 9. (TroOKlitan li Sima Transit Theodulito F. O. Na 1.— Observer, A. Fcntht ntoobanfth, U. E J AZIMUTHS. O t II A nark vu placed on the appmxlmato taneont and the nnglo betwi'en It and the cenlthteleiicano mi'ridinn, the atininth of wbicli waa oboerred wiUi astronointrKi tranalt, was iiit'asun'd, giving lliu nienit of (wvltiiI st'Hua 89 .•»!) 37. f> Atlniutbot' meridian 3.'i9 O'J SG. 43 Ailniuth of tangent JHC 00 IH.lia Tbe Inneont waa rnn tbmiigli a point (3,433.7 ft. X sin I9".!K) :=) 3.4 In. snntb of thi- mnrk l<> IJ7!).'.>4 chnlnri, whtTo another ni'Tidiaii wai eHtalilidhud as aliove, and a series of anKlei* read to llie tangent east- ward, ^ivluu n mean angle P9 '*Ti IO.no Azimuth of meridian 3011 SO lii.1S Aiimntbof tangent Ki 51 S«. "3 Azimuth duo to distonee £0 M 41.00 Azimuth error. 14. Sj This error was not corrected, and tbe tangent continued to terminal point with the astronomical transit, the themiolite 'leing out of order. STATION EKIiOR. Fttl. Meoanred oflMit from terminal point to 49° i!0.'i.N Error of initial point north 111. K Error dao to azimuth deviation of 14' flS.'i. (I 4.85 sao.M Cumputeil offsot duo to dist anee, t(l miles 0:i.C3 rhuina VM. Ii8 Station ertor of United Slate» A alronomlcnl Station, nofth 84,0 OFFSETS TO PARALLEL. ' !! ll a if J. -'1 eS ■1-5 O 3 .S J »-.5 Final oIlMt in feel. UernarkF,. p i + 1'^ -- — Jf. Ch. + + 2 ."..'i, hO .*>. (i 4.n 1.0 !!>.« l>.2»ouHi. Moiinil. Id'/ ( ,'i *."i. \* 37. 11 H.n 3.1 I'.I.S l".3n(irlh . Do. I.VOO (i4. r. 11.8 ;i.3 1!). H lil.Unortii Ik). i-j r>-. 78 111. 1 l!>. 1 4.li in. H 131'. north Ilo. to 03. Ii3 I'.Hi. 7 ■41.0 4.B 111. a 30."i. » noi til Do. Ifote Iran tablets were buried near tbo moanda In 1674. 83Q BRITISH TANGENT No. 10. 1873. From Orand Coteau to Mid Coteav. [Troaghton t SImii 71n. Tnuislt Tbcodnlitf, F. O. No. 3.— Obscrrcr, W. J. Oftlwry, II. E.] AZIMUTHS. Dnto. I'osllinn «f Inatrument. Poaitlon of mark. 8Ur. Aiimatb. 1 1 S.'pt. 1 ( On mrriillnii of Attro- t noniioal Station. 2,6(13.3 ti-et wot of In- ntnina'nt. rPolaria I .. do O ( II SBU 50 30.9 89.3 30.1 37.6 i ...do I., do Menn 909 .'« 38.0 Tnueeut nnarun iliniiiiih n |ioinl, north 40.13 tii-a 04 Compntrd ofTaot for n diatnnco 93.94473 milea 413. 40 Station error, Mid Cotenn oatrouoniicnl atntlon, north 875. 1.5 OKF.SET.S TO PARALLKL. a eg ■' o is 3 It 1- S.i.E a 3 fcl. p U n w + + 804.4 .'i. no 30.9.-. 40.13 410.30 so. i;n 011.78 40. l;l 089. 19 47.341 0:i. 1 40.11 914.0 «9.'.I01 i:i.\94 4li. 1.1 1,911.02 175. .Vi:i 17!l.88 4ii. i:i l,4.M.K-> S.VII1 91\S7 40. 13 1,718.04 3,'«. 71' 4.-A 48 40 13 l,Ki9.4<< 4U49 373.15 4ft 13 Final offaet in feet 10. ^Haoiith 34. 71 north !N.31n. I.— (jliscrvcr, A. Fi'atbi'iali)ii1inii;,'li, It. E.J AZIMUTHS. O I II Tt)» nziinntli, nt llin Iniiisl imini, of i nMirk pliirrtl approxiinntcly on the tniiK^iit, i,M^. 4 fL-ct iliatniit, xvtiH (Ictermiiii-il I'roiii a Hi-ricR of rt>ii(liiit!H oi' i1h> iiimc!) iH-twci-ii 1h«' mark aitri(liuii, the aziiiiiith uf wIik li wuh tlt'ti-iniiiii'd witli AalroiM'niical TrniiF«ii K. O. Nu. I to Im> 3C0 OR 44.30 Mcau ot ruaiiivi^H uf anglf eil 01) ZG.'io Aziiuutli of mark 90 Oii 20. M To pet on tlio tnit* tan^nt, the mark KlmiiM lie moved noith wr tlie iimtnimerit hoiiiIi (-1. 343.1 ft. >; Mn 6* 'JO '..Vi=: ) Kiil tt. The taiiuuiit luidtH'tn ^tinted from a iHtiiii t<.&i4 ft. south of olwerviiiK p4>Ht. tiHini; . . . „._ , ■ . - If- Trfi - f.ui = o.ri? the Hume mark fur n ba 7 2X53 Uoau reudiog of nuttle bu;,wet>u meridiau au'l taUK^nt 90 11 44. 16 AfmiUliof tan;;ont Wl 4."> ait. 37 Computed nziiiiiitb duo todLitancu 8U 45 4K W a(i3 27.00 17.81 AzimuUi I'lror, koiHIi Azimutli eiror, Houth at initial point Mean azimuth error, aoutli to thia point, i. r. I,l4t.l7 clininn ThiH error in a/imutli wai eonoidered rniiiulativf. Ik-yonil r^raiiiid Creek the urnnnd wiih very broken, the line croRttinp a ran^e of hilt.-* alM>ut 5 mih'H ilidlant. r>i I'onvey Hiunal ho far iieiu); dillictilt, a nuirk, approxiiiintt-ly in line, nan pjati-d on tlitH lange. Tin- uican au>:lL> b^-tween tliiH mark ami tht; meridian obxerved alHive nan HO 49 31.85 Azimuth of tutridiau 3.V.) 57 S3. 5:1 Azimuth of mark A 2. ninth of maik due to distance, 1,141.17 chains Azimuth of mnrk in error. The line waH prnlon^eil . lOehains to tbenikriiHan of Knjly .^piin^'s Aslro- noiuieiil Slalinii, ni.il\ing n total len;:tli of tan^'.ent l.itttf.oti chniiia. 1 he a/imuth vn\tt m>t u^ain tustoit. STATION EliKOU. Feet. Pleasured ofTnet froni terniiniil jioiut to 4!'^ 09:t. 00 Krror of initial poiiil, Month i:jo. OH .Mi2. 32 Azimuth error up to 1.14 1.17 ehiiinn — ti. 14 AziiiiiitlMTnir hryoiid 1.141.17 rlmins -f- 17.82 Compulttl olfnet dui' to disiauee, 21 mih'S 4H.06 chains - 402.00 40 54. 78 4.'> 48. 00 Station error, Itully Sprin^frt Station, n(rtli. 111.34 OFFSETS TO I'AUALLKL. h ^1 itial ft. fl Is |J riiiiii ..ii»ft iU Ifl'l. Kfninrlts. p J 1 £5 w S -1- 31. Ch. + + a 711.0I (i.H l;i. .■! - 14 1:10. 7 ir>3 Inoitli Kiirtli nuiiiuil, 14' y 11'. .1 4:i.:i.'> ai. ;-. a.vi - • a, .1 l;«i. 7 Ir^l.HTliillll IIh. M (IIP. (HI ;tn. (1 ;i!i. II - 4.0 l;iii. 7 alilMlnllh 1)11. 10 *i.:ii. IH IUI. Hi atH. I HI..1 - 0. :i 1311. 7 Hill. OixiTlh. I III. Ul (h!. 711 ;i:iH. II si.'i. a - ii..'! 1:10.7 .Viii.Oiii.rtli Sliiiif n iiiiml. 12' > fi'. 114 4H.00 i&i. 7 III.3 - 11.7 130.7 (waoii.iriii. Aniriiniiiiiii'.il nioiiiiil, llnllv Spring. N n- -1« A'oftf. — MiMindR made uf earth are fncinl Willi sml. 241 If ' mmmmm t (I BUITISH TANGENT No. 12. 187.3. From East Poplar River to Went Poplar Rirer, {Tronghlon Jh. Slim 1-lii. TrHiitlt TliwHlulltv F. O. No. ;i -OliniTH r, W. J, Oiilwry, n. E.J AZI.MUTII8. Dale. I'usltiuu of iiiHtruiucut. Poflitiun uf iiiiirk. 8tar. Aiimuth. 8«pl. 16 Uii mill lillan of utronoinical >Ution . . . ( 1'ol.irls '.170 OO ^. M U,8-I0.5 feet wtjat of luBtrainent lo 34.8 ...(Jo at. 9 Mean 270 00 3^5 Tangent wan rno tbrongh a point (S,tJ48 3 fn't X xln ^a..'! inclica =) Ti.t inches eontb of the mark to the ternilnal poiot. .STATION ERKOK. Fett MeaannMl nlfliet tmm tt^rininal point to iV» SHI, flj Xrror of initial point, Hiutb :i&40 343.48 Computed offaet due to liistance '.'3.43IS milea 4'jOl 90 Station inur, Wuat Puplnr Kiver Antmiioiuieiil Station, aouth 176. 78 OFF.SKIS TO TAKALLEL. a 1 .5 3j ^t g.3 \i Final ofliiet ill fiet. J3 S 2 Ei S o ■Ji M info. + _ + « c» as. (13 :iH.4 33.(!Auartb. a. 98473 87.41 •1.1. 11 31". 4 an. vo mirth. 9. m. !l» 117.(10 .■ia4 33. 49 nnnh. 13. 11(1. •JO !«). :i.\ ;i8. 4 .'iH.u? north. lis. 173. an 113.17 3^.4 »7. 43 north. 17.833 334. Ill i;u.Mi 3». 4 Hii. 'ilnnrlb. 91. xn. .'ii i;.H. 43 3^4 ai7.48noitb. 93.4313 lao. ao lie. 78 38.4 a?l. 83 north. ^rite.— The lanitent faaTing b«eu ran under very farorablo circunutancca, and time preiainK, Ita atinintb waa not chcckid at the terminal point. ^ T imiTISn TANGENT No. 13. 1874. From Little liocky Creek to Frenchman's Creek. (TruUKhtou & Simii Trnnatl TbrmlnlUi* F. U. Nu. I.— UbmtiA-er, A. Fuatbrntooliaunb, R. E.| AZIMUTHS. Tlie nilmnth of it mark piMoil approiiiiintcly mi ilii> tniiKi'iit wrxl nf Ihc initial |H>int was ilrturmiiii^il ° ' " from a iM*rlCH iit r<>ni1in(;H rf tlio unfile Ih>(wi-i-ii tlx! iiitii k nml tin- K4*nith ti'lfwoiw meridian, tbii ozl- mnth of n-birh wnn nlmt'rvnil witll itHtrondiiiiral IrallHtt F. O. No. I, auil iriiiiiil Id Im 00 00 tfl. 3 Uean reading of anglo iH'twocn nii'riiliiiii auil mark '.lO 00 05. T8 Aiimnthofmark •i'lt 00 10. .18 Thr tnncent vaa run on tills aziiiiutli fnnn tlic initial |Hiliit ISO?.'! chniiin, annib of 4!V> fur a illHlancn nf tt4:..V* cbains: liaru tbii lino vhb ubifiMl north lt>.7 rhainH, anil tliu iii>w linocoiitiniH-il to tlio went siilroi Fit'iichiiinn'H ('r<>ek- Tbit tt'Mniual point of llritiBb tauKi'iit wiia uunui-ctcil with tbo I'uitrd Htat4's aalruniimiral inuuii(l (49^) by a UniUit States travorae. Ohaint. Lrnicthtf Drltlahtanccnt i!Ofl«. :I3 Uopartiire of United atatts t rnrersu lUJ. 65 if. Chi. Total diatanco between oitrunomicnl Btntiiins IM 19.118 = 325U.1I8 STATION EliROIt. Tbe station error was detemiineil bv Lientennnt Oreeuo to be Frencbinan'a Crvek Station, i. «., Unlteil FeeL ' Slates Astronoinloal Station No.i:t unitb 46. si OFF.SKTS TO PARALLEL. s . li 1 il c 1u Final otTaet in ^i s- fi'it. .= I'a. g s 1^ a o ee M M. Oh. + + + 00.00 0.0 0.0 ll!i:i.n Il!i;l.n north. . 8 KLCl 5.!t 4.1) ll'.n.u laicl. .'.north. .■■ 40.88 23.1 no 11»J.0 I8'.'.". I nortli. . 8 M. HI ,wn i\.-i 88.8 IIUO north.. 13 8!). 00 I IB. 8 an. a 88.8 a-J.'.. H north.. 14 48.08 IC.1.7 8:i. 7 88.8 871. a north.. in aw. 68 887. 1 .11.7 ^t*. 8 4117.(5 nortli.. 88 87. Tl 38il 3ci. 88.8 ri07.,'inortli.. 9j «U.Xi Ml. 5 48. :i 88.8 048. U north.. Hi Karth niouiHl, UoL'li nioiiiiil, Iio. 1)0. llo. Do. I III. Karth nioiind, Uot'k nioiinil, li'XH'. ti'X'U'. f.'xia'. ti'XlO'. JVof*.— The Azinintb deviation bt-iiiff sniall (10". .'.8) was ncjilectiMl, bnt it ia pr.vtlcally incliideil in tlio station error, tablets wen) aniforiuly 10 fuel eaat of tbe eaati-rn base uf tbo mound ami two feet below tbo surlaco of the ground. 21.1 BRITISH TANGENT No. 14. 1874. From Cottonwood Creek to United States Astronomical Station Ko, 14. [Tronghton & Simi, T-ln. Tranait TbeodoUlo, F. 0., No. 3.— ObMirer, W.J. Oolwey, It. E 1 AZIMUTUS. Dato. rnsltlon of inKtrnniont. I'ositlon of mai'k. Slar. Azlnintb. Jaly 1 ( On mnritlian tit astro- ) noniical atatiou. l,4firi.a font weat of in- alrumuDt. ( Poliii Is O 1 II 270 00 0:1. 3 aoo .'lit .v. 4 870 00 07. 8 270 Oil la. 270 UO 03. 7 1.. ilo ) ..do U.ilo Mean Tho tangent was proloDged on thia iTrnnoonfi niimntti to 19.5-niiIo point, whcro azimuth oburTations were taken I fuUuWB : Data. 1 Poaitlon of Inatrument. j rositiou of mark. Star. Azimtith. July -J Polarla e 1 It S69 47 3.V 1 41). 3 2«!l 47 42. 2 269 47 29.5 Error, whirli wn(» neglects 1.'.7 5.7 7.0 [Crror in niunini; tliu lino . STATION EKKOIl. MoaHnrM nlTHet frnm terminal print to 40^- Krror of initinl point, acmtli I 'nmpoted offset dno to distance, 90 mile* 3,993 feet Station error, United States Astronomical Station Xo. 14, sonth . OFFSETS TO PAKALLF.L. Feel. Wf. 75 21.73 277.03 320.74 1 .a •a . 1 S-aJ ^ pj Final atttuX, a a =ji *^ in feet. b a ' '^^.9 a 3 1^ u m M + _ + 240.0(1 0. S9 7.r,2 21. 72 30. 90 north. 4li0.C0 27. ,'i3 l.'). 24 21. 72 34. oamirth. 1 720. 00 CI. 99 22. 85 21. 72 (JO. H(i north. 000. (lO 110.20 30,47 21. 72 1lll.45nortli. 1,200.00 172.20 :i-.Oil 21. 72 1.\"i. 8:1 mirth. 1, 440. 00 247. 97 45.71 21.72 223. ',ii< north. A'of*,— Circular Rtone nrnnutlH 10 Ti-ct in diiinintfr anil fl Uvt liluli, liavinKabermo 9 foet whlo. (rfnch 1.5 foet wide and 1 lout dfOp, weroerecti'il at tlio diNtancea from initial point of tRu^ont >civcn aboTP. An iron tablet wan donk G inrlii'H in ceutor of each mound, mnrkiim tho esnrt detormination of 4'J° parallel. Ad iron taltjet wan aIbo sank Itj iD«'b«s iu the groaiHl, 15 fee^t ooat of the center of the monml. 244 P > BUITISII TANdUNT No. 15. 1874. From Astronomical Station No. 28 to Antronomical Station No. 29, JEast Fork. [Troughtou & Slma Astronomical TmiiBit K. O. No. t — Obaorver, A. Ffntheratoiibnoghi II. K.J AZIMCTUS. TUo azimnih »f a mnrk itli. -I'd approxiiDntcly «n tin- tiiDKi>nt wint nf tin* hiiifiil iioiiit wn« (Ictrrntlnrd t'nitu u Ht'i'ioH (if rt'HiIii jH of flio nntili' bctwcrii tlM< inai-k antl ilit> zimiIiIi tfli m-hjh- iiu-riiliaii, the atliiinlb ut' whicli wim iiliKirri'il with antruiimniial tniuoil 1'. (J. Nn. 1 ami liiumi tu bt- IrO 01 4:i. M Metku rcadlDft of nuglu bi'twceu luuibliuu aud uiai-k ^-ti Ml U6. It6 Atimulhof mark 11^0 01 10.79 The taiiKciit wah nm i>ii tbia nzlmuth H51.5tj cbaiua, wbun aziniutb obsorrntiona were taken on rulnris witbaMo. IbiHaliliii' RO. N(i. 'J. Mean of two idibervationHim Polaris Hfi Truo azimuth I-!! Error in asinintb, nnith Error iu azimuth, mirtii, at initial point. Error in azimuth in rniininf; Tbo mean aziuiulb of the wbolo lino waa aaaumod W.o Tbo liritieh tanscnt at diHtance west of initial point Met United Siatea tan^iMit runnin;^ east atUintaiK-e from Eaal Folk . 41 31.15 41 M.0O 1 .IfuTS 1 10. ;n 'M. 01 01 18.00 CJoilia. I4.ii. :« 6:». at Uiving total length of tangent, !W tulles DO.IO cbaiUB STATION ERltOI!. Lieutenant Greene, in bis report, given station error of East Fork Station, north 4;j& (I Ol'FSKTS TO PAKAI.LEL. Ferl. f*^ 1 c I 1- ?t £3 ^J £i =! Flrnl ofTnet ill leet. KrmarliH. k E s '5 if. Oh. u K ■< « + + + 00.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 IS.O 1.1.0 north.. Rock nionnd, fi'x It;'. :i 00. 00 li.U 411. 4 11. l.'l.O n.\3nonh.. Kork mound, O'XIO'. .1 .'*. p:i S.-.. 'J 94. .'. 11..% l.'i. V IJi.aiioith.. Dii. f 75. ri til. -J 147. :i 17. H 1.%. II 20,".. 7 mil 1 h . . D... 11 .'•:'. nil ini.v! I'l-J. 4 !l 1. :i l.VO •JS.J. ItMiiiih.. Do. 15 1'.'. 00 17-.. li 2111. 7 :io. 'J 1.-. II 410 1 iHirlb. Do. 17 U8.03 ail. « ',U|. « a4. 1 1.-..0 4Mi, 1 non li . Do. M A*oC«.— Iron tiibh'tR wcru biirli-d ut a unil'orni <)iHtuut:t> of 10 feot enst of the enHtcrn baws tif tho uiuuuds, and ut a dfptti uf 3 feet tu the iirouud. SM6 i i I 1 t I'l i f BltlTlSU TANGENT No. 1«. 1874. From We«t Fork Milk Hirer to United Stale* Astronomical Station No, 10. (Trtu||ht4iu & SiiDi Tin. Traunit TUeodo'.lto F. O. Ni>. :i.— OUwrver, W. J. Oalwcy, It B. | AHIMUTliS. Ualo. I'lMitloD of InHruiDcnt. Poflition of mark. Star. Ailmntli. Jaly 14 ( On niiTiiUnn iif mlrouonilonl et»- i tioo. 1 j.OM.O bet weat of tiistrnment (Pulnria 1 ...llo o 1 l< !»»sg 11. M in.w i:j.oi« 10.13 1 ...ilti ( ..do Mean w*i» sti i:>. 7 Tbo taneful w»b run lliruu^h n |Hiiut (--!.U^0!> fM't X atn -14"*U =) ^-^ Inches nurtb uf the tDtrk and prolungud \o termlDul poiut whtao azimuth uburviiiiuiiti woru tnkeo, na fuUuws t Oslo. Poaltion of Inalrunit'Dt PoaiUou of murk. Star, Aziiuulb. July M I Poliiria rtl ;w «.«! 1 . . llo 50. 'JH . ill) <\m 1 ..llo <8.a4 Mean. W» :i« 47.11 . . .. . Hfl Itri Ifl. g No rorreolloii wna liiiulp fur ttiia t>rror in iizliniitli, it lH'iUf{ cunaidorvd cumulfitivn. STATION EKItOK. Measurt'd nflNrt I'mni tcnniuiil point to 4'J°. Error of iuilial iiuiut, houtb Compnt^'d oPrtet for di.HtaiH!o 21 ntih'H 5D.Q9 i-haiua Staliou error, Cuitud Stati'n v\ itronouiical Station No. 16, aonlli OFFSETS TO PAKALLEL. Feet. . 145.00 6.46 I3CM 361.76 e u 1 o 1^ it i- w - Fiu.-il iiOact si u a 11 in foot. + 10 » Chaint. + 840.00 0.M) 30. M «.4A 17. 4.') aoulli. 41-0. 00 ST. .-iS 01. CO Iv40 S7.!Klaoulh. 7!.>0. 00 01. no 03.40 I!. 4tl BlitSaontli. «m. 00 110. SO im.9l 11.40 0. .■>.■) BOUIh. I'JOO.OO 178. IW I.'i4. 01 n.4U 34. 0.'! north. 1440.00 947. 97 ie4.81 0.40 *l!).03uorlli. Solf — Cirmlar Hlono inniindfl 10 frrt In dlniiieter nntl 6 Pert hiph, harlnjE n Iwrino 2 feet with', tri-uoh 1.5 feet wltlo and 1 tmit *h'*'\t, were elected at diMluui-i's liotu fuitiul poinl of taiipcut Kfvcii nlM>ve. An Iron tablet wan mink lui-beB In renter ot rath inomid, ninrkinK the exnit deteiniinntion of 49^ parallel. An irtiD tabli't n'liB albo iinnk 18 inches in the ground, 15 led cast Irum the cvutcr ol the mound. 346 nUITISH TANGENT No. 17. 1874. From lirUhh AHlronomioal Station near Millc liirrr to Ahtronomkal Station East Butte. (TronRhton & 8lnu Attronomicnl Tmimlt F. O. No. 1 OUicrTcr, A. F(-*lh«ratonU«iiRli, R. i:.] AEIMUTUS. Thin tnngeni w«« jiinlniiBwl wiMwnnl 3S!lrlinlii» Incnmiiri Ihi' riilttil Sltili" taiiRi'iit fnnii Milk lilviT I.akv'1 Httlion, iui AElimilhof mark IKI 00 10.01 Tlio tnnsnit oani wna run on tltln nsiiuulb, nnil ildronniTlioh vllbUiiitrtI Hlntca tangent, ami rcanltiiif; atalloii rrror, are plTcn In I.li-iiifUaut Gn-i-noa r<>|H>il. Tlio taogrnt vcat whh run ou llir wiiiid aclmiitli li> lu liTniiniiM, vIhti- ar.iiiitillif>l>r<-rvalloiin vrrv taken Willi Trou^lilou ii Blma 7-1d, TheodoUto F. U. Ho. 3 ou I'olaila. At rurioiiH liour aii|:li-t4, a^ followH: Facr riitht, o I ■' P!l 41 '.'i.fl 41 l:l.O 41 OH. II 40 .'.7. .'i Meana, Ml 41 00. ii /'firr Uft fll 41 Oi-.O ItlO IH.O to 41 Hi. nmcral meal' i9 41 11.4 Tninulnmlb H0 40»i.o Rrror in Azlmntlt, north Krriir In aximiitli, uorlli. at inilini point 10 4 01 37 .14 na Error in nr.1mn11i, north, In mnniiic ... Till* adoplpfl asimnlli omir lor Iho wholu liur waa north. . .u. r*. T.»nslh of Ilrllliih tniiiiint weal 10 (HI. 83 Loncihuf United Slali'Hlanuontraat 7:1. M Total length of tanEt:', Hoilh, 470.0 fret. (IKISKTS TO I'AKAI.I.KL. CO 1 1 I 1. • 1! Fiiml nllRCl ill I't-ct. iivninrkM R c if. _ < N Jf. r». + W. 00 00. ( (HI. 00.0 (0.0 .V.7 .'v. 7Bollth.. Hork mniinil, ft' X la-. 3 4.-1. 114 11.7 HI. a 3.2 .'«-.7 i:i:l. taoiilh.. Ituck luoiinil, 0' >. W. 6 01.f>l fl7.7 i:t7.a r..4 '.V. 7 naORoiith.. Ho. fl 04. lil li','. 7 aiiii. :t g. 1 .'.a 7 aio. 4af>iilli. llo. 11 rxi-v 108. H a7i.7 10.7 '.^*.1 I!:i'.>.3miulh Ho. M oatis IHI. a :i;.,\ r> ii.n •v. 7 a:i!i. li RoiM )i . llo. J8 23. «7 ajfl.« 417.3 Hi. 4 .'iti.7 a:i.\s»imih.. Ho. lfole.—AD Iron tahlol waa biirioti i fret In the gronnil 10 feet cast of the baae of each monnd. •H7 mmmm i I «l nUlTlSlf TANUENT No. IH. 1874 From Wfst Hiitte to Uaitvd StatvH AHtronomicnl Station A'». IH, TniiiKblmi A Siiim 7 In. TrnnHll TliiiMluliti*. K O. No. :i. -UlMorviT, \V. J. (lulwry. K. K | A/.lMt^rll!*. Tbo iistuiatb At lulttiil iKitiit wiw «lrlrriiilii*-(l li> rr)H>u(tii^ tlit< aui{lt> lii'(wi*«u (li» murk HUil Uh* luciKliiiii utanlniDuiu ii-al triuiHit. Mi'BiK'f four M'lHoriiimlcHlM'tiviH'ti iiiiirk iiitil imriilUii tifuNtronouiiual tranaK 00 00 ()lM> t'urrwlitio I'lir \vvv\ :i.O IN) Ot) hM>rviitfonfl wero tiikni nn fulluwn: I'ualtlvn 111' iDHtruiucut. I'liijlioo of murk. Star. On iHugenint terminal H«t I ^PE'™"'^^^^^ *»'*'"'«• |.".?o ,;::;:::::::::: Ut'iin Mean nnpli' tH'tB'peii npiiroximnto mprifllon adiI tAiigpnt. A 7.1 tn mil ctrtiiii(i)Mit Tnif u/iiiiiitli Aziiniitti t'in»r , A/iimilli error at iiiilliil |mi1iiI Aziiimili *1. til 3117. II Ol'KSET TO PAKALLEL. C a 1 "Si a "1 3 . :il ^ a Final i.ffiict If la a o t'5 in foet. U M » ('Atiinji. + + '.'411. ■,'4 i.a Iffll.HS (111. :i;i ITTI nnllll. 4i-li. 117 9-'. •-'.". aio hi («!. ai H.'i. 7:i tiorilt. 7J!I. (Hi « 1, "a ■.a\ m (i;i. ;i,i ■J-d.dd norlli. III 0. (Ml 1 1(1. JO ty. 'JO (Id j:i 4.111. (17 itc.rdi. l,'.1Hl. no IVi -.0 .'.!.'.. -ii m. :i.i («)8. 1-Jniirtli. l,4.-|-.M asi. 0.1 (■..-lO. II (Ki. ;t:) Mil. a.", nitrtli. ATot*.— Circular BtoLt> luountlH wcrt' built on iIiIh tuiip-nt Hiiiiilar tt tbuhe built on tangents Not. 14 aihI 1H. *M8 nillTISII TANOKNT No. 10. 1871. From South lirimch Milk Hirer tit Nmlh llranvh Milk River. [Tniiixhtdii Mid Kloii Aa^runniulciU Tnumtt F. (). N'o. l.—OiiM'rTiT, A. Kt'athmtiiiiliiiuijh, It. K.J AZIMUTII.S. Th« IhiK wM alartitcl on wi •ppMilnialo iir.lniiilli iif •i'V> anil |irol.\ .■.>>, II M 11.(1 M. a .M ;.a u 4!l.fl M (19. II 311. a .M.n N. II .'.7. a Ml ail. H!l :a («>.» H'l .U 54. 3 (Icni-ral iiipiiii Triiuutliniitb H'.i :.■; ii Error 111 azimulh, Liirtli I *JI Till' lino waa mnllniiiMl on thia lulmulli tu Hi tiriulnal ixiiul «lirrii n/miulli <'lwiiiiu« on I olarlii at viirloua lioiir aitjlli-A uax'o fullowlDg rranltai /'(!«■ ritjM, m 41 '.'i HI SI in Fact Ufl. O > n fU 44 m O'l 111 '.II Mean, nn 44 SO i>» 44 IJ nrniral moon W 44 19 TruKuzlmiiili r;) 40 41 Krror lu a/lnnit)i. norili rrovlona irror in uziinitlli, iinrlli a :iK t Ml Provlnun rrror In aziniutli In rnniiln^ Thla prror la altrlbiiti-il to tlio natiirr of tlio ^roiinil, uhliii rciuliTi'il vitv MhnrI nichln ni'OP^iiarv. Tho ili>viiitiou in or.l- inntli In taken ax r 'il" iiorlb for tliu llmt purt of tlio liw, i.e., ^.'>n.uj cliainn.'unil um I' '.II" -f ( (-i 17") - 'j' au' norlli lur tlio t'oat ottlio liin. Tlio taimi'til wiirt prolotiKi'il oiwt from Soiiili Itnini'li Milk Kivrr to i-onnt'ct Uiilloil Stuloa tan^ont with .VHtroniinilcal Stiltion No. :ir.~ilBillllltll ilrvliltil'U lloTtll 1' 'Jl". Ch. Total iIIhIiuii-o iM'twron Antrononiirnl Station No.:!.', ain) Aiitronuniirnl Ktiition No. .'Ml I,!i7l. I'.i Total (liatanco brtwoi-u ANlrouooiUal Station No. ail unil .VhtronoiuiiiU Station No.:i7 1,500. rj STATION KUKdUS. Ftet. Antninonilral Slut ion No. :in north of .\»tioiiimii('al Stallon Sn..V\ 1.10 AatTonoinioul Station No. 37 noiith of ANliunoinit'al S.ution No. JO CdO OFFSETS TO PAnAI.I.EI.. ^ _ s ^ ^ E ■a J il u * i. x| ^5 FiOiil 1 Il'«l lli'lnlikD. 5 a * « Is M. Ch. r 8 £- ji 1 K. :i 1.1.07 7.8 I.!l 0.7 11. n SSI. (i mn h . Hmk inoiinil 1/ :< 10'. | (10 n<>. iHi 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.0 ll.OniTih . lioik tnounil C :< 14'. \V. -i .VJ.4J .1.7 !i. a .1.7 11.0 1.7 north.. Itoi k luoumi 0' X 10'. .% r.i. at aii. rt •JO. 1 1'.'. 4 11 .I.anoiih Ho. H 7a. a4 im. II ;iii. 1 •Ji.a 11.11 'Jii. a iinrtli.. I'o. la ',Hi. sii ia4. 4 4.\ 1 an. II.O l.'i liiorlli.. Ho. Hi !! J 1.4.-1 1 1) 1 1)0 [ 1>U Uftl .'.4 -Jd 1 j Tho tanitcnt was run thronah n pnint (4,r>!)«.a ft. X sin 5" X\".V) ' ft. 4..'! in. to iiurtli of tlio mark. The taiiuent was run to tilt. 0:1 cli. ttmn initi.il point. Tlio rlaii.in^; was (iiirivd tiitou ]>oint A (st-o tliatiraui) frtiiu which a trno Itase.liiic. -V It, was measn .1. and tho distanri^s of tlio ]inints C anil 1) tlotrrimucii hy tiianKnlattmi. Tlio rhainini! was ooDtiniicd from 11 to K, tlif iiiinal point of taiit;oiit. Thi* uiulorbrnsh. doatl fall, and staiidiufc limber ix'inf; so donso as to fiivo no ho|H> ot oounootina will< Captain Fcithcrstonbatigh's astnmomioal station on llclly liivor by inraus of llio tanpint a iioint, K, in triKouoinotrical connection with bis station was ostablisliod and obsorreU from points A and 11. To flud position of K with rospeot to \ : Aiipio II A K = (<:'•'■ 47' 10". 11 Anulo A 11 K = '.•4" It'' .'il'.3 An-1,. 11 \ C = 0-.» ay l.V. 4 Lot K M' and A M bo nirridians passing; tlirou^h A and E.aiidA rbi'^HTpciiilicul.ir, drawn troni .V to A M ; jitbo intorsi'otioiMit a small oiiclo, if. a |iaralIol ot latitudo drawn tlirouab A. 'Ibopfiint K is nortti of A- 'riio ili^t iin-o K J) =r K I* — p V The all;;lo F A K = li:w 47' lei". '.I - : 3i l.V. 4 = 17° li' 01'.:. A I' iimUi'S an atigli' with nioiiilian A M of !tO° -|- .Mi" 7.S. nitiliiiilioii liy dista:ii'o In mil s of pniiit A from |ioint of doparluro. :vi.«5 .•. anclo F .A M = D0° + .'.9". 7.-) X — pj- = SIO^ + 4' 4.'." ~ ny i' 4.V' The por|ionilionlar at A. I. f. A r, inaki's with A K an anslc = 1)0'' - 11 A K = !0^ = 17° 07' 1(1 '. .1 K P = A K sill 17^ -' IC". . ,. . ,, "in A n K •^'^= -^ "slnAlJll = sinSi4- 4?' .M" - (I'O-- 4' 4.V 17 J 1-J'Ol"..'..) = 72:11- 271.4!l(h. ^in 1..^ 23' ."il". I AP - A K cos 1707' n;". Pji = otfsct to paialld diK iMcd as iiiitia! |Hiiiit = 8.00 1 K is noitli ot A 7'.i !li"> cli. x Wi — 8. 0,1 ft - e.O.-. ft. =.1,2li7ft. To find iHisitioii of A with ros; "ct to 4!*^ parallel 1 oitlal point of tangent norlli of 4'.)^ parallel Ollset Ironi A duo to distance, 3&I.CJcb 17. 4j A north of 4'.!° parallel J, sin 17= 7' 10". .1 = 7!l.!)2.'i 1 b. i = S.'>0. 40 cb. to distance from A consid- .'.,2 ..'.. O.-. ft. Inl. 1MI7 .". K \f iwirtli of F.nglish determination of iV>. 5,2117 ft. 4- .l"< ft. - ri,2il7 h.'i ft. DisiaDocof K trom Initial point .ibniglauKeut Is 381. C'l cli. -f 2,VJ. 40 cb. = 041.11 ch ario 1.1 p RErORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER. Britixh Tangent JV'o. L»0 — Coutiuucil. 1871. 251 STATION EliROn. Fttl. By Cnptain Fmthprstoubnngli's trianKnInliaii K la north of his dvtrnniiiatiou of 49° pniaUel 6U.919 ohalu . = \ .MA 6.'i liy I.iuutcnaul Galwey iC ia uorth of 4il<> poruUel \2fi7. AS Aatronomioal Station nt llelly SlTor aontb of Chief Monutoln Aatrouomioal Station The min-idlan of K ((lhi!,n-am nn |ir«viiiuii piiK») waa cnat of tbo mctldiim of Captain Fcathontonbangb'a oalv niiutlcul iP4tuudut Itolly Kivcr, mciii^iin'd on tlio taugt-ut IHatoncoul' £fi'oni iuUliil point, tUoug tho tougeut Total diatance from Chief Mountain Aationomlcal Station to ulronomlcal mound at Belly Riror 1!71. 00 CAai'iif. SII.4Q ri4l. II tO&KI OKI-SETS TO rAHALLEI,. 1 III 1 a V. a Fiiinl ofliwt in fi-eu ■ + M 94:1 4.1 7.0!) 77.37 iao7 8S. r. Bontli. 445. IS •j;l70 141. 4A iao7 1:1.1. l-o aiiulh. 653. S3 89.94 871.00 18.07 199. 13 south. A'o(4'. -CiroDlar Btone monndB, 10 foot dinniotrr and Ti fert blub, witb bcnno S I'oet wtilo and trrnrb IU"X IS", wcro crtnited at nboTo dimuicea from initial point. Tbnt at V'si.'^\ tbaios vuh Ciiptaiu FeathtM-Mtonliaiifib'a aslrtmoniical mound, and wns bnilt bv bim. An iron tablet mnrlting oxoct dcterminutiou of paruUel wai auuk C incbca in tbo ground in oentor of wound. Ko tublvtn wcro placed outaido the mounds except at ofitruuomtcal mound. 1 TlilANGULATION. To connect Belly Bivcr Astronomical Station with 40th Parallel and Rocky Mountain Astronomical Station. [Cbaorver, A. FeatliorBtcinhniiKli, U. £.] ABSTHACT OF TRIANGLES. DIA(iKAM TlilANGULATION. Trianftlo. Anglo. Obsorvwl antilo. Corrce- tlun. Brfliiced aiifilu. Ann j; A T> A 111) A It 11 -1 a- .v.. 64 7-j :i.-> Xli. 7 3j X !W. It) - .'1.3 71 2H (10 72 3,-1 3i< 35 50 22 All E A HE A E It EAE 1-i a; i:i. :i ,14 ai ju. lo -117.04 73 87 07 53 Oi' 17 r.4 24 30 PE A VEA A It E EAU 31 ;t;i M 'ii :n SI. 8 - 13. 2 31 33 M 22 33 311 12."> 52 40 AC 1> AC It A It <■ O A V 2.1 43 .'>4. 87 411 i!-J 17. 4 113 M ii.iS r 38. n 2.-1 43 42 411 22 0.1 113 54 13 DOE ncE It E ODE 44 31 13. Cd 7J 3a 4il. 17 6'J M 411.3 4 38 44 31 3fi 73 32 43 03 55 43 D E r n E p P V E E P D 47 in Xi ^» l(i 4!l.4 44 33 3T.5 T 1.9 47 111 35 eS 10 49 44 33 30 DP 11 DP 11 DlIP PDE 3.-1 02 Hi. 70 03 17. 64 74 M 5!) -20. 7r, 35 02 34 70 03 20 74 54 10 I) A P DA P .1 ;'/) A DP 43 ri.-i 00. H4 2.-. 13 r.x n no .'0 iii.2 -42 13 43 ,15 15 25 14 0!) 110 50 3li 1 A C E AVE (' A E CE A 18 47 4!?. 74 1-JO 13 Oil. 4'-' 40 r* oil. 17 -11.07 IS 47 .W ISO 13 04 40 59 03 APE A P E EA P AE P 11) Oil 41.07 hi 07 ;'4. IC 7P 03 m'l +40. Kt 19 on 28 81 ,17 21 78 5:< 11 DPK P D K D P K DKP 01 30 2.'i ei* a.-) .'iH ai bi 37 1 "' 61 30 35 e« 25 .'iH 39 57 37 MI.AHIJIIKMKNT VttOM TilK ZKNITII TELKECOl'E TO THE 49111 I'AIIALLEt, OK l.AnTUIIK. J/rlMllM-ll llic. O Rillltll (if ZI'C. tt'l. = . 75" P Riiiitli (if Cbv tri.inmilatidii OlVrtct to piiMilU'l tor wcMtluji of P from O liii- ,332.10.-1 = 2.5213,-.:in Idj: p 8in rtfi'ot.) For mill. Int. lictwwii /' iitiil (J - 2. nOJKIOI Chairu. I. 153 332. IIW II. 004 loK liO 0. 51.1.117H 1. el 9.-14,19 rudlltliof O (' Hoiitli uf zeii. tcl. I'KOllth of ZCIl. tol. Zi.n. ti'l. iKirtliof 49' y'lliiith of4!lo 316.30.1 0.75 Sir 0.73 343. 48 30. 4'.'7 loj; 20.427 l(i(; imnilirr of feet in 1 ^1 t'ldgWi 1. 42205 2.(10.V,9 C. Ir045 Chains. . 00i"2U P uoMli of 49°. 40. 5;8 P M= 43.3dmiiiJ. Uig sin az. log 1. 113.148 9. 99191 /'not til of 49" Jf ll(irlll(if49=> 1. 02739 Vhahm, F.HBtillg 42.401 logcoH n/.iiiiiitli MX irKfooii(l 10 foi'tciiHt of ibe liiuiuof tbo mound. * I.iiBt not iibniM v P d) S. 332. 104 W. 40. 300 r D (moan) l,-.l. 0-'2 172 00 St. 37 S. 140.000 E 20.li01 P (.) S. . 179 S. . 104 W. . 200 W. .300 !• A (,) 20:1. 477 P (,) P (moan) S. . 108 S. 332. 109 \V. .301 W. 49.301 /' .1 hi ■.0:l. 4.VJ r A (mrnu! 5(l:l. 404 107 ^3 42.27 S. 1114.107 W. OO.K!OI 1 r 00. 000 00.000 P E (,l 20,-). :io -V OO. 000 E. 1,34 E. 1.34 P i: (,i 20.".. ;m:i j/ N. 4^.839 N. 4^^3•.) w. ;oo.8 w. a iioM P K (iiM'un) 20.-.. :il 21(i 33 l(i. en S. 104.923 W.122.aressod in the form of a series. This is really only an approximation "of imlefiiiite accuracy," but in its application it gives results numerically more accurate than the direct formuhc, owing to the imperfection of the tables of logarithmic sines, &c., for very small arcs. The corrections on account of spheroidal figure will be readily ai)parc t liom the accompanying figure. Let M and .1/' be the two points, atul Pthe pole of the earth; N M the normal at M, and p the pole of a sphere with that radius; M' N the normal at .1/'; Pa the meridian from which longitudes are reckoned. Now the solution by spherical trigonometry gives for colatitndeof M' the arc p M' —p X' M'; but the true eolatitude is the angle p N M', being the angle between the normal at il/' and the axis. The dilferenec between the two is the angle N' M' If = and the formulte become («') i/-7/' = /c**""^^+;j;*;;r^*=jc*(; mgc =2.4383317 (//) 1" - 1' = K ^v^^Tn^'TiTiTT/ =^^' '"S C" = !».(>302014 (c'') ;?' = !I(P - A' v" -4/-, = f"i° - KC" log C" = umsoivj ^ ' A sin 1" " i Of these logarithms the first is the logarithm of C, in feet, obtained by niu!ti|'lying C in arc by 1(»1.;J4, tho value of one second of latitude at 4!P. The others are in arc. From these simple formula), by substituMng tor K the length of tan;;ent in feet, wo can form a tai)Ie of offsets and azimuths for the argument 7l. 1)i tiie tattle u^etl in tho Held, the arguments were miles and thousands of feet ; between the latter it was easy to interpolate. A portion of this table is here given. ".See riiissiiiit, TriiitcS do G^xli'sic (I'ditiim IrtlU), livro III, cliiipitri- XV. In uddilion ui tlic Ki>liitii)ii indienti'd nliovo, in; hIvis a verjclr'^nnt iin'tlind, CirHt iiropcticd liy Li'gciidiv, wliii'li I'liiplovw llir dillci'- uiitinl Ciilcidiis. Katli of llic icciuiird <|iiantilii'S is iiciesBniily a fiincliciii ol llic lrii;{lli ol .1/ .1/ . Tlusc fmu'tioiis iiri' dcvi'lopod by Mui'Iaiii'iii'K tlKMiiriii, niid for tlii' dill'i'iintiiil c9 48.7 2000 .11 37.4 3000 .24 26.1 4000 .44 14.8 6000 .0!) 03.5 1 5280 .76 00.2 GOOO .90 68 52.1 7000 1.34 40.9 BOOO 1.76 29.6 9000 2.28 18.3 10000 2.74 07.0 2 105C0 3.06 00.6 3 l.^P40 6.88 67 00.7 4 2U.iO 12.24 66 0t).9 .■> 2G400 19.12 65 01.2 10 62800 70.49 50 02.4 15 TJWOO 172. 10 45 03.6 20 105600 305.96 40 04.8 25 132000 478. 06 35 06.0 30 158400 688.40 30 07.2 In tbis connection, it is a matter of some interest to see liow mucli nnmerical error \rould result from neglecting the sphi-roidal corrections. These results are shown in the accompanying table, in which the column O con- tains the accurate offsets, and Oi those derived from the formuliB, neglecting spheroidal corrections. Milep. 0. 0,. 5 19. 12 19.07 10 76. 49 76.27 15 172. 10 171.61 20 305. 96 305. 08 The formulsB used in the Bi'itit/.' Mean Parallel Stations DiST/i/^ces STitTlON £mRO>H '^tW -(tof/v P4KALLEL Md Cofeau Brit N" 20 a6'"oi4 24 "601 373*7 S 14. 35 prrnnle 180.0 N 1937 S Bully Sprmg 22": 202 1115 N 4.53 .. ., 82.2 S Poplar River 181 .7 N 8.18 •■ •• 99.3 N ""HI ^■^ RBPOUT OF TUE CHIKP A8TUONOMER. 261 of 49°, and that, tlieroforo, if hucIi a parallel wcro (loHcrihed, doponding' on tlio mean of tlio astronomical Htations, no known point of tlio Imiindary wonld bo in latitude 4!t^; 2d, that as tho aniplitndc of tho arcs included between the mean and tiie astronranical paralhls, would in nuiny canes bo very considerable, ^^ravo errors and complications mif,'ht arise in tho subso- qiiont recovery of any lost portion ftf the boundary; 'M\, that the definition of a moan lino would involve n readjustment of the whole boundary, after tho fu'st careful survey shouhl have been comj^leted, and consequently a very considerable increase of expense, without any practical benefit accru- ing; 4th, that for every jiurposo excej)t that f)f {geodetic computation, a ))arallel consistinjj of points determined astronomically (instrumental on'ors aside) is a true parallel of latitude, and, therefore, fulfills tho stipulations of the treaty under which tho joint commission was organized. These views were accepted by the commissioners, and tho following scheme adopted for tho definition of the boundary: Astrononncal positions were to be determi (ed at a])proximate intervals of twenty miles. These stations ^^ re to bo connected by tracing upon tho ground tangents to the prime vertical circles at each successive point. From these tangents, checked and corrected for errors of azinnith, tho calculated offsets to the small circle of latitude were to be measured at convenient intervals, varying from ono to three miles. From the last-measured offset the relative station- error was to be found, and distributed between the stations in the ratio of tho distances. From this method it results that the boundary -line, as actually traced, is an irregular curve, affected at each astronomical station by instrumental errors and by the local deflections of the plund)-line, but making the closest probable approximation, at every point, to a tnio astronomical j)arallel. In the accompanying diagram I have attempted to explain, by a graphic representation, the amount of the discrepancies between the lino actually defined and a mean line, and to show apj)roximately the probable causes of relative errors indicated. I have also added to this report a table of azimuths, showing the actiud direction from each monument to the next succeeding ono going west (see page 35 to page 40). As this is a subject with which comparatively few persons are familiar, / / 262 UNITED STATES NORTUERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. a short statement of the amount of such relative errors in other geodetic work, and of the methods by which it has l)oen attempte^ V. mi mt Deflections caused by an excess or defect of matter prevailing through a semi cubic space 200 miles in each horizontal side and 1((0 miles deep, the density of the excess or defect being ritr of the carth^s density at the center of the semi cubic space. Distance of tho niiil-point of the senii-OMbic. 8|inc(i (Voin tbo sta- tion, nieasniid iili>n){ tlit,' chord, in miles. 400 1 (illO i >uo 1,000 When that ci'iiter in .W niilcN w_J" « PROFILE Ilumontal Sctll«rlinl^u 30 miles i:oj,oao U f + -— f k-^ ei ao 19 "■ 1 MEAN AND ASTRQNDMiCAL PAI Scale of abs(i.ssiu.:lm(.h..^Oiniles liMnuifio Srale ofordinales: 1 inch. 8"i»t' lat.. 810.7211? ft 972'j TOPOGRAPHY Scale ilndi^^) miles ijsoolooo. 104" AGRAM lo illustrate tin: RONOMCAl. STATIONS IN LATITUDE resulting from IONS OF THE PLIJMB LINE RQFILE [I Settle: linl^u 30 miles lyioaoiT icule i (lu-Ji = 400()1<;ol. 4fM) a -ir ONQMICAL PARALLELS ^' |}sci'' nHH H 268 UNITED STATES NOBTHLRN fiODNDART COMMISSION. tho mo8t southerly point of the boundary at station 34, which was situated immediately to tho northwest of tho West Butte, on the slope of tho foot- hills. Relieved from the attraction of tho butte, stations 35, 36, and 37 are again found nearly on tho mean lino. Stations 38 and 89 show, by a marked deflection to the south, tho effect of the attraction of tho Chief Mountain, a vast precipitous mass lying flvo miles south of the line, and rising to a height of 8,000 feet above the sea. The extreme deflection at 39 was prob- ably due alwo, in some degree, to the general moss of the mountain-range. Tho connections on 40 ond 41 are not suflSciently accurate to give a just basis of comparison, but as these stations were both in the midst of the main range, tho deflections would probably be found to be anomalous. The data for computing the amount of the local attractions along this lino are very insufficient, except in the case of the station 34, at the West Butte. As a matter of scientific interest, I append a table of the actual and calculated deflections, as computed by Lieut. F. V. Greene, with an expla- nation of the methods employed. (See page 402.) W J. TWINING, Captain of Engineers, Chi^ Astronomer. APPENDIX A 10 REPORT OF CAPT. W. J. TWINING, COnPS OF ENGINEEES, CHIEF ASTRONOMER. I ifii^' ; !! ;r r :■■ k REPORT OP OAPT. JAMBS P. GREGORY, CORPS OF ENGINEERS, UNITED STATES ARMY. Office United States Northern Boundary Commission, Washington, D. C, June 20, 1876. Captain: I have the honor to submit horcwith my report of the operations conducted under my charge upon the Survey of the United States Northern Boundary hne, from the Lake of the Woods to the Rocky Mountains. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JAMES F. GREGORY, Captain of Engineers. Capt. W. J. Twining, Corps of Engineers, United S'tatr° Army, Chief Astronomer, United States Northern Boundary Commission. PRELIMINARY. I was detailed for duty upon this work by Special Orders No. 131, War Department, Atliutant-Genei. I's Office, Juuo 7, 1872, and accordingly reported in person to the Adjutant-GoJieral of the Army, and by subsequent orders from the same authority, by letter, to the honorable the Secretary ot State. In accord mco with instructions from the Assistant Secretary of State then Acting Secretar}-, I reported for duty with, the United States Northern Boundary Commission, to Maj. F. U. Fanjuhar, Corjjs of lOngi- neers, then Chief Astronomer, since which time 1 have been continuously on duty with the Commission. ^.^ M 272 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. The following report comprises a general description, by seasons, of the movements and operations of parties which were under my charge, and detailed descriptions of astronomical, geodetic, and barometric work per- formed hy mysslf, or under my direction, with appended tabulated records and results. In the season reports I have merely mentioned the general movements of my parties during the time that I was in company with the Chief Astron- omer, and acting under his immediate direction, and have noticed more at length simihir movements and operations when performed under my own direction, when acting independently under his general instructions. During the winter succeeding each season's work in the field, I have been engaged in the office of the Commission in supervising and aiding in the computation and compilation of field records and results, and in the preparation of materials, and such computations as were desirable tnd necessary for the field-work of the succeeding seasons. SEASON OF 1872. The latter part of June, and the most of July, 1872, were spent in Washington, in making preparations for field-service, procuring, examining, and preparing for transportation the usual expeditionary outfit of instru- ments, text-books, note-books, &c., and making such computations as it was desirable to have done in advance of the ficld-woik. In the latter part of Tvdy 1 was assigned by Major Farquhar to the immediate charge of the geodetic and topogi'aphical department of the survey, with Lieut. F. V. Greene and Mr. F. von Schrader as assistants, and directed to jirocoed to Saint Paul, Minn. Lieutenant Greene was sent by Major Farquhar in charge of the instru- ments, &c., via the Great Lakes, Northern Pacific Railroad, and Red River, to Fort Pembina, Dak., with instructions to report to mo there, and Mr. von Schrader was directed to report to me, at Saint Paul, on the 5th of August. My party was organized at Saint Paul, and went, in company with the several parties of the Commission, to Fort Abercrombie, Dak., and thence, REPORT or TUE CHIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX A. 273 after obtaining our wagon-transportation, camp-equipago, rations, and for- age, to Fort Pembina, where wo an-ived on tlio Ath of September. Camp was pitched at the botuidary-liue on the west bank of the Red Iliver on the 7th, and the interval between that date and the 30th was employed in making topographical surveys of the country adjacent to the boundary-line, the Red River, and the Pembina River. I may here remark that the autumn of 1872 was an exceptionally mild one for Northern Dakota. The equinoctial storm, which lasted nearly four day 8 ( September 22d to the 2Cth), was very severe and cold, but it was suc- ceeded by three weeks of delightful we.ather, and the Red River did not close to navigation until the 12th of November. On the 1st of October, by Major Farquhar's direction, I divided my party, equipage, &c., into two j)arts, and intrusted the larger proportion to the charge of Lieutenant Greene, with instructions to continue the line and topographical work eastward from the Red River, until he should join his work with that of the English i)arties, who were to work westward from the Lake of the Woods. He had reached Pointe d'Onne on the Roseau River, thirty miles east of the Red River, on the .^th of November, when ho was recalled by a dispatch from Major Farquhar, which directed him to return to Fort Pembina, and report to me there. On the 2d of October l^Iajor Fanjuhar, Captain Twining with his as- tronomical party, and myself, with live men of my i)arty, started for the Northwest Angle of the Lake of the Woods, via Winnijjeg, Manitoba. We arrived at the Angle on the !)th, and remained there until the last of October. (For description of work j)erformod there, see special paper on Northwest Angle.) I left the Angle, in company with Major Farquhar, on the 31st of 'October, and arrived at Pointe de Cheno, eighty miles from the Angle, on the 3d of November. At this point Major Fanjuhar procured special trans- portation for himself, and left for Fort Pembina, leaving me with instructions to follow, as rapidly as possible, with the wagon-train. I reached Fort Pembina on the Hth instant, with the animals in a much exhausted condition, owing to scanty forage ami the very bad condition of the roads. On one day, the 5th, because of the almost bottondess mud, we N 11 18 I hi 274 UNITED STATES NORTDERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. made but eleven miles, although the wagons were light, and we were on the road from daylight until three hours after dark. At Fort Pembina I received written instructions from Major Farqnhar to await the arrival of Lieutenant Greene, to store at the post such eqtiip- age, instniments, &c., as would be needed there the next season, to procure such rations and forage as were necessary, and then to bring the entire train to Fort Abercrombie, where the animals were to be wintered. . Lieutenant Greene arrived on the 10th, and the southward march was begun on the r2th, and finished on the lOtli, distance from Pembina one hundred and eighty miles. The personnel, besides myself and party, Lieut. O. D. Ladley, quarteraiaster, Mr. J. E. Bangs, acting secretary, and Dr. Hatch, surgeon of the Commission. The transportation consisted of thirteen six-mule Army-wagons, three four-mule spring-wagons, and seven or eight spare mules. On the second day out we were overtaken by a very severe snow-.storm of two days' duration, which was succeeded by bitter cold winds, with the thermometer, much of the time, below zero, and r , the nien were not pro- vided with suitable winter clothing, they experienced much discomfort, though none were seriously frozen. Several of the animals giive out on the march, but they were all, finally, brought in safety to Fort Abercrombie. From Fort Abercrombie, after turning over to the care of the Quarter- master, Lieutenant Ladley, the train, equipage, &c., wo proceeded by rail to Saint Paul, where the men of the party were paid off, and discharged on the 21st of November. The office of the Commission was established for the winter at Detroit, Mich., where the usual routine of office- work was begun about the 1st of December. SEASON OF 1873. For the season of 1873 1 was assigned, by the Chief Astronomer, to the charge of one of the two astronomical parties whicii were sent into the field that year. The i)arty was organized, as in the preceding season, at Saint Paul, and proceeded, in company with the other parties of the Com- r i REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX A. 275 mission, by rail .and steamboat, to Fort Pembina, Dak., wbere we arrived on the 1st of June. During a week that we remained at Pembina on account of the non- arrival of our wagon-train, which was hindered in its progress from Fort Abercrombie by the high water in the streams tributary to the Red River, we were engaged in general j)reparations for the field, obtaining materials, rations, &c., observing for values of instrumental constants of zenith telescope, and completing organization of parties. Upon marching from Pembina, Juno 9, the organization of my party, which was retained throughout the season, was as follows: Mr. E. L. Mark, comjjuter, Mr. 0. S. Wilson, j-ecorder, a foreman, an observatory attendant and meteorological observer, a cook, waiter, three laborers, a mounted man to serve as scout and messenger, and five teamsters. For transportation of party, instruments, equipage, and generally twenty to thirty dajs' rations and forage, I had one foin--mule si)ring-wagon, three six-nmle Army-wagons, one two-mule Minnesota wagon, and a horse for myself The genei'al plan of work proposed for the astronomical parties, con- templated the occupation of stations on the boundary-line, at intervals of twenty miles, more or less, alteniately by parties of the IJntish and United States Conimi.ssions, and throughout the season this scheme was adhered to, with two exceptions, viz: United States stations Nos. 4 and 5 were consec- utive stations, as were the British stations at Sleepy Hollow and East Turtle Mountain. I began astronomical work at Station No. 3, East Pend)ina Mountain, on the 12th of June, observed succes.sively at Stations Nos. 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, and 12, and completed the astronomical work of the season, at the latter station, on the 30th of September. During the season all of the zenith telescope observations, both for latitude and values of instrumental constants, were made by myself and recorded by 3Ir. Wilson, as were also sextant observations for time and lat- itude in camp and upon the march, until we reached station No. 9; after that time most of the sextant work was done by Mr. Wilson. 'J1ie meteorological observations were made, under my siipervision, by S il m 1 276 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. William Batson, an ex-United States ;:oldier, and an intelligent and efficient man. Upon the march, while I was engaged in selecting routes for travel, and in the details of advancing the train rapidly and Avithout accident, Assistants Mark and Wilson were employed in making reconnaissance sur- veys of the trail, by means of the compass and odometer. All computations both in camp and upon the march were made by Mr. Mark, assisted, at times, by myself and Mr. Wilson. The United States stations were occupied alternately by the two astro- nomical paiiies, from No. 2 to No 9. Upon completing work at the latter station, August 29, I received instructions from the Chief Astronomer to proceed westward, and occupy, at least, three more stations, and to so ad- just the distances between them that the last one should be, at least, four hundred miles west of the initial Red River station. This work wag accom- plished, and the last station. No. 12, four hundred and eight and a quarter miles west of the Red River station, completed on the 30th of September, and the Chief Astronomer's camp, at Wood End depot, was reached, on the return march, October 6. During the latter part of the season we were much troubled to obtain water and wood sufficient for cooking purposes. Wood End depot, on the Mouse River, was the last locality, going westward, where there was any timber, in the vicinity of the boundary-line, until we reached Station No. II, and for that distance, one hundred and eighteen miles, wood was carried .!; :he wagons. In the ravines, near Station No. 11, there were small groves of stunted trees, whence was drawn the supply which, economically used, and eked out by occasional supplies of the prairie-traveler's fuel, hois da vdches, lasted us during the remainder of our work imtil our return to Sttition No. 11, where a new store was laid in for use on the return march to Wood End depot. The water-supply, after leaving the upper waters of the Mouse River, sixteen miles west of Station No. 0, was scant and precarious, as we had no information of the nature of the country before us. Through the " Coteau of the Missouri " we were entirely dependent upon the supply furnished by surface-pools, and those containing fresh water were of infrequent occur- i f^ X — - CM o a. i ■ Uj '> wmm mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm^ffmrnm 1;15P(>KT OF THE VIUFP A8T/tONOMKll, AVPBM)1X A. 277 MS' .1 uiryc ■■■"■ '>■-■ o, A,- ■reth Maior \muvl wu- i«i; ot' iiifli-ri Im. . it.'tt. r. At i^Uilit.n No. 1(> I w.is ohlijrea i., ,lhu\v ur. p;.m, iuid . iiu amjar portion oK it imdull of t!,,. iiMiitml.* in .amp nwu- n p/«.I oCm.. , .. . w.tter. i„ dmr-o of the officer i-omimmVmg; thu ,„ilitai>' escort, to v^H-Minh tlw station at rtii- uateiy u.,)i..l a living. 8j,rinfr with »f. .mil -'Jpp;y.>Fijo...! water/ whi.'h tlio m,moi my piuty M otic^^ el>ristei,et interniptio:,, on?]! rj^o 2Hth. dunn^' w!mh time the daUy minimum ther- morsjeter n adiii- vari.'d fro;!! -f- U to 4-;;4" Tfie stonu be-;,n vi ' ' niaeh was either m..!r-.i hiOo4>road Tliev xv..- - -,.no;,»! :.,.■..,.„-(. ^d" and, to mais- uK.tvr. ..^r.- •.. i a„ ,;. t , ; „,reaHtu u^'t ,a;uvh, the ^holj Cote:H.eouhtryabl. ^ ■ ...t ,!., j.:.-e-tin« had pa.sed over it, leavino- o.d^ here :u,d fhrn. ,„ enu i;.. .•!;... ,:i ^^h^i (,ad been uater-po.4 .n.aJl [.atehe. of dried gras, cumain u. lift!,, ur .,., vnurim-nt We lost, however, Init two aaiuials, and Ihey l..oJ..u-x-d lo the e.:f,.rt transp.,vt:atton. Wo an.ved a! Wood Knd dej-.u on fhe Gth of October, and then-x^ in con:pat,y ,vi,h fh ■ Cl.ief A^tronomer'^^ parfv-, manhed via Fort Tn.teo to ;■ lie .^^Iftf^ > > «• N-. 4 ■V:<*'k*^ pr^^Si , ItErOKT OF TDE CUIEF ASTRONOMER, AIM'ENDIX A. 277 ronco. There were many eoiitiiiuing' alkaline watir, some (if tliein larj^e enouyii to bo called lakes ; l)iit tlie wafer nsually held wncli hw^o (jnaiitities <»f salts tliat animals could not drink it. We were treth, during which time the daily miniuunn ther- mometer reading varied from -|-14° to -|-34°. The storm began with mingled rain and snow, which froze uj)on the grass, and made it impossible for the animals to get much nourishment. The forago-ration was short, and from this time until their arrival at Wood End depot they had only a daily allowance of three pounds, half of which was either flour or hard-bread. They were consequently nnicli exhausted, and, to make matters worse, wo found, upon our eastward march, the whole Coteau country a black desert, as the prairie-fires had passed over it, leaving onl}' here and there, around the edges of what had been wat' r-nools, small patches of dried grass containing little or no nutriment. We i'^ t, however, but two animals, and they belonged to the escort transportation. We arrived at Wood End dejjot on the Gth of October, and thence, in company with the Chief Astronomer's party, marched via Fort Totteu to ' U 'iV. 278 UNITED blATES NORTHERN BODNDAKY COMMISSION, Jiuiio«town, Dnk., where tlio tniUHportiition, ecjuipage, &c., was turned over to tlie {|uiirteriniiHtor, tlie parties proceed! iiir by rail to Saint Paul. From the woeond erossinj^- of tlio lioundary-lino with the jMomso Hiver, reckoninj^ from the east, u reconnaissance survey was made of the trail to F(»rt Totten, and also from the latter place to Fort Seward, the former dis- tance being one hurdred and seventy and the latter eighty one miles. The military escort to my i)arty was commanded during the entire season by Lieut, (now Capt.) C O. Hradley, Twentieth United States Infantry. His command consisted, at first, of fourtenn enlisted men, of (Jonipany K of his regiment. This force was increased by four privates of the Seventh Cavalry, on the Dth of A'lgust, and again, by six privates of Company K, Twentieth Infantry, on the .'U)th of August. My relations, both otlicial and personal, with Captain Bradley were always of the most pleasant kind, and I have to thank hiia and the soldiers of his conmiand, not only for the faithful perfornumce of legitimate duty as military escort, but more especially ior frequent aid in helping along the work. In the latter part of the season a few days* delay would have pre- vented the completion of the work to the pouit jiroposed, and these days were saved to me by the assistance willingly rendered by the soldiers in gathering stones and building the mounds which murk the parallel at the stations. Mr. Wilson was detached from my party at Fort Totton and attached to the line and topogra}>!iir;iI 'larty, which, under Lieutenant Greene, was to work during the wintc^r from the Red River eastward. Mr. Mark accom- panied me to the office at Detroit, but soon after left the service of the Conmiission. The rest of the party were paid off and discharged upon our arrival at Saint Paul on the 28th of October. SEASON OF 1874. From the experience of the preceding season, in n'gard to the relative rapidity with which the various parties of the survey could accomplish their work, it was believed by the Chief Astronomer and myself that one astro- nomical party, with an organization sonie'tviiat stronger than that of r.y party of the preceding season, would be able to accomplish, in the allotted lUCPOUT OF Till} VAUKV ASTUONOMI^U, AI'l'KN'DIX A. 270 > tiiuc, what iiHtroiioininil work rcnxiiiuMl to Ito doDc, iiiii! fo k(M>p it at all tiinos in advance of tlint of the line and toiHiirnipliical jmrtics. lint on« astronomical party was tlufrcforc placed in tlie field, to the charj^i* of which I was nssifjned, with Mr. Lewis Hoss and Mr. A. .1. Kdj^erton as assistants. In onler, however, that no tintoward accident to the jiersonwl, or instrn- mental ontlit of my party, shonld conijjass a failnre to attain the pnrposes of the expedition, the Chief Astronomer kept with him a complete instru- mental outfit, a copy of the ephemeris, text and note bf>oks, and, in fact, the means of organizing,' another astronomical party; bnt, fortnnatel}-, the contingencies providctd for did not arise, and the one i)arty accomplished in ample time all of the work ( xpected of it. At Haint Paul, as in the preceding seasons, I employed the men of my j)arty, and with them, in company with the other parties of the survey, left Saint Paul on the 4th of Jniu', proceeding hy rail and steamhoat, via Bis- marck, Dak., to Fort Huford, Dak., where we airived on the 13th of June. A.t Fort liuford, jjending tin; complt lion of arrangements for field- service of the transpoitation for our own parties iind the military escort, I «)l)served with the zenith telescope for latitude, and also for the values of the instrumental con.stants of the instrument used. The results are given in the astronomical rej)ort. My party comprised during the season, besides myself and assistants, one foreman, two cooks, one waiter, five laluirers, six teamsters, and one ticout. Dr. IClliott Cones, United States Army, Surgeon and Naturalist of the Commi.ssion, and three labf>rers, who were under his esjtecial direction, were attached to my party during the entire season, for our mutual con- venience of transportation, sup))ly, and protection. An assistant to Dr. Cones also joined the party at the Sweetgi'ass Hills, on the r)th of August. For transportation of the whole, instruments, ecpiipage, &c , and from thirty to forty days' rations and forage, I had one four-nude sjjring-wagon, three six-nude Army-wagons, two two-mule Min- nesotii wagons, a horse svnd buckboard for Dr. Cones, and a horse for myself. The horse ridden by my scout, George Boyd, was his personal property, but was foraged with the train-animals The military escort assigned to accompany my party consisted of m ^r P 280 UNITED RTATLJS NOltTHEltN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. I I Company D, Sixth United States Infantry, about forty men, and tliroo Indian scouts, commanded by Capt. Montgomery Bryant, Sixth Infantry (now Major Fourteenth Infantry), with Lieut. F. W. Thibaut, Sixth Infan- try, second in command. This escort remained with my party frt>m the time of leaving Fort Buford until wo reached the Sweetgra&s Hills depot, on our return from the lloeky Jlonntains. On the 21st of June, the entire expedition and tlie military escort left Fort Buford, taking the Fort I'eck trail, along the north bank of the Mis- souri River. Wo were delayed two days at the Big ]\Iuddy River, which, because of the deep mud on the bottom and along the banks, was not foid- able. A crib and trestle bridge was constructed across it, on the 23d and 24th, by my own and Lieutenant Greene's jjarties, and the train crossed on the 2.'!)th. On the 2Gth, Lieutenant Greene's party and escort left the main column, to strike the bouudary-line near the point where his hist season's work terminated. Tho main column arrived, July ], at a point on the north bank of the Milk River, in longitude about 10G° 53', and nearly opposite an old trading-post knowu as "Tom Campbell's houses," where I left it with my party, escort, and a contract wagon-train from Fort Buford, Avhich was carrying rations and forage with which to form a depot of sup- plies on or near the bo:'ndary-line. My objective point was on the boundary-line, about the usual distance between United States stations (forty miles) west of Station No. 12, the last station occupied in 1873. I therefore turned northward, July 2, from the main trai^and essayed to march along U\c east bank of Rocky Creek, as the general cciirse of that stream appeared to be from the northwest, hoping, in case it did not lead us far enough Anv .<:um5U;«.->jij\. i..;:i!i NOoMti-, (;o!imij)'ifU:il by ( ajii M.intpitih ry ilry ml, Si.aJi infnirrv l.itovv Mnjor I'ourtecnt}, lufVuitn ), v.itii \A,.-nt F. \V. Tin'.aiu, S^^t! InUn- trv, ivMiouil i'i •cuii;i.!aii.i. TJ-i-^ i-c"rt n-ru.i.aoil wiur Ji.'/ p:n-. ■ 'i ph tini fijno ol' k.ivino- Fon Uiif^iii V •lac-tu'd rho S\vt^ei-ru:5. . ijut, oji our n turn iVoii! 1 lit- Ili.c'wv 'is. t'n (he 2!si .;[ Jan. . • . . ,|,t;.|i;;r«, ■>>} ;]... nul^ny iWcp.t j.'tj Forr .iv!t.)n!. ti!lu()|i- uu- F, ,; ; , ;.;,'' ' /.,j r^. Mi;- ^■■ii<-= i;^v r M", '..^ ... !,-' .V ,.,1 . :,, ,! • ■ „ ,^ n».-aM;. , ,,,,,, -I'lie. .\ i-ril) .md ii'T''!^ hihl-jv >v;>. voiiMr'-.i;. <; ht.jw -t, <■, rii./ l/:'.^ w, ; .Mrli, U\- my ( M't' !!!)■! i.H = ii!i?i>,in(: .u's p;>vt!<'H. T:.ii,.1 sir- tJ-ii-..; j-nr' <' - (!« 2"iiii. (>J1 ll;.. 2(.{ii, Fi, iit -iiin:. (■^rtv^.jn.v,, ,,..,{ v uj, i r--( ^n icn ,>i. ,. m",. i'i.iMJiM!, r. M!-:l;. (!:<• ixnui.l.ti-y-lin* n .u- .In- [.> uo wiiO-c i^h ;,.,i, st- > v '•> W'.l-ic r(:rininHi.l"l. Tllu Im-,^ Ci]!;:,;.; .UTiv.:.[, July l.V'X r, iUnAi .' ;> •!.(.• rj'.r^h Ljiiik nf Uh, Milk U.-.. i; h, ]. ii.;:.i!i(e jjF-u'- !'i(r ;,,s'. :'Ui\ u: .i;F' (>!)!>i'!..!t( «n uUl Fr-:Mtiri- ,.- " I", .jii '';.!< ,ii icl'V Liais.'?!.'- ^\ luri, i I'ltt it witi) ^i.\ I'Srt' , ' •ctir',: ;)!"1 I !.!r>ir;!.-! W"^> ,> !rri '.,{': ms iV-t t'^'f.'-i'. Vl i'-^ "I' .'■ '"li.^'d-i ) ^: ,, . r . i ■ ■ ijcnv(.-h Fi itt^i St;;!';^ ^tall■>n•; uHy'iulis - .■^( i-^' rijiii.. ., V,,. jj. ;;,, l.-F . II, -in ti';i;', ;•>'•' ( •^'^ay -i to ,:y,irfU :i1v>p<: i... * .•!.'■:,,.;;.. o:' \t,'ik\ (\iu:\ ,\^ Mm ;,i-tiirHl f'oui^i '.r i! ,1! hiv .',i3, .pn.'anF ^ ii 'r.'oi 'Ic itiirrlvvfi! Imi- .■ •1 ca.:-; i» .lid . ■ V\\'\ r . far i'!ii:ULf]t t" iIh ,^(^|v\!U(! ili'M X'.i' )i; ^;l!< ; w.frlny iiu., .i rn ^i-i -: !'.' I.;tM-i;i:ii.is. i'i):.l:u fi, a'.i ' >j . i ; ',.,,,■ f.»r- :,,ri,"-ii'l ::\'fl.-^ ,.,=^: -:H j.n. .; fllj >f;. -if;; -11, , , ■■ ■,,;{,■, I'm ■ 1. 'j.ii k nf i'l, Ft,t A - i| W:i« ir jM. -i'm.' "t ,, ,> ■ ■, ' ■■' ,, .! Fi'iF; in '■iic ■ i i-'i V •. ^i i;', ii ,( v^ • > i; n \ (;ii' \l Tii i / i ' 1 > . , ' i I - •if H ! I ;il i i\'r ■I ! KEPOKT OF THE CHIEF ASTIIONOMER, APPENDIX A. 281 I i north, I turned southward again, and made for the known crossing about three miles below the trading-post, Fort N J. Turnay. It was fortunate that we d!d so, as I afterward learned from the topographical parties that there was no i)racticablo crossing for more than thirty miles, up-stream, from Fort Turnay. The valley, or rather gulch, of Frenchman's Creek varies from one to two miles in width, and is abruptly tenninated, on both sides, by ragged, steep hills, similar in character to those of the bad-lands south of the Mis- souri River. The bottom is comparatively level, and through it the stream winds sinuously. The creek, at ordinary stages of water, is about fifty yards wide, and has a rapid current, probably of about two miles an hour. The water is clear, but very unpleasantly alkaline, and at low stages of water is so strongly impregnated with salts as to be entirely unfit for use. Wo found Fort Turnay, which was a log structure, comprising storehouse and dwelling, occupied by two independent traders, l^hey informed me that they were so much annoyed, and subjected to so much loss of prop- erty, by raids upon them by Indians, and were also kept so nuich upon the alert for their personal safety, that they purposed burning the buildings and leaving the country, which purpose Avas, I believe, carried into effect later in the season. Only the day before our an-ival, a party of Sioux, from Fort Pock, had been entertained by them at a propitiatory feast, after which the guests displayed their gratitude for favors received by running off nine of the eleven hoi'ses belonging to their hosts. The two horses left were abandoned only because they were too much broken down to keep up with the rapid movements of the party. We left Fort-Turnay on the 5th of July, and arrived at a pool of water near the boundary-line the same evening. The weather had been intensely hot every day during our march from the Milk Kiver, and water very scarce. The last day's march was twenty-five miles long, without water, and the ihermometer at 105°, in the shade, at '6 p. m. Men and animals weie, there- fore, much fatigued upon arrival in camp, and eagerly sought the nuich- reeded repose. On July (J, according to instructions received from the Chief Astron- omer, I adjusted accounts witii IMr. Leiglit(»n, owner of the wagon-train ij I i. i IwmU t H il i 1 I'l 1 lif! '11 uffalo we had seen— a lone old bull. After that date we frequently saw small bands, and at times, when we got to close quarters with them, killed more perhaps than our needs justified. Ujion our return from the Rocky Mountains to the Sweetgrass Hills, the plains and the eastern slopes of the hills were literally black with the creatures, and for days, upon our march toward Fort Benton, the plains presented a similar appearance, for nearly 180 degrees of the horizon, from the north ai'ound by the east. The buffalo find everj' pool of water exi.sting upon the prairie, and are in the habit of standing in them to rid themselves of the flies which are their peculiar pests. Wherever, therefore, the buffalo had preceded us we found the pools were mud-holes, which were loaded with buftalo cxcrcia. Some- times the water which we were compelled to drink, even of pools large enough to be called ponds or small lakes, was so imjtregnated with buffalo- urine as to partake of its coloi', and to be altogether disgusting to the stomacli. REPORT OP THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER, APPKNDIX A. 283 Between Stiition No. 15 iind the Milk River we saw various camps and luinting-parties of Indians, supposed to be Sioux, and my scout, Boyd, had several intervievs with bands of Assiniboines, but we were not, at any time, molested by them. Upon carrival at the Sweetgrass Hills depot it became necessary to make some repairs to ray wagons, which had become much shrunken by the con- tinued dry weather. The 4th and Ath of August were therefore spent in resetting tires and reshoeing the animals. I'he march westward was resumed on the (Jth of August, and Stations Nos. 18, 19, and 20 were, thereafter, successively established. Work at the latter station, which w.as the last one of the survey, was completed on the 26th of August There had been, therefore, between the Gth of July and the 2Gth of August, eight astronomical stations established, and three hundred and fifty- four miles marched. The average number of hours that we were in camp near stations was eighty-nine, and the average length of march for every day, excluding those at stations and the depot, was 18.6 miles, the shortest march being four, and the longest thirty-four miles. Camp at Chief Mountain Lake was broken, and the march eastward, to join the Chief Astronomer's party at the Sweetgrass Hills depot, begun on the 27th, and finished on the .'{1st of August. At this point the military escort was relieved from duty with my party, as they were to march back to their station at Fort Buford, and we were to go to Fort Benton, and thence, by Mackinac boats, down the ^[issouri River to Bismarck. I desire to express my sense of grateful appreciation to Major Bryant for the kind cheerfulness with which the movements of his conunand were always made to correspond with those which I deemed necessary for my party. . On the 4th of Septendier, in company w itli the parties of the Commis- sioner and Chief Astronomer, we left the boun(lar}-line to march to Fort Benton, arriving at the latter place on the 8th instant. A reconnaissance survey of the loute traveled was made by Mr. Boss, the initial point being fixed, by triangulatiou, from tl/e as'- juomical .station near the Sweetgniss Hills depot, and the terminal points at Fort Benton by sextant oliservatioiis. I I ?! 284 UNITED STATES NOETHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. Tho distance traveled between the two points was one hundred and fourteen miles. At Fort, Benton wo were joined by Lieutenant Greene's parties, which had come from the boimdary-Hno via Fort Shaw. The transportation, camp-equipage, &c., of the parties was turned over to the quartermaster of the Commission for transportation to Fort Shaw, and the parties, save those men who desired to remain in Montana, and were paid off and discharged at Fort Benton, embarked on the 12th of September, in Mackinac boats, to row down the Missouri liiver to Bisn)arck. Tliere were six boats, witli an officer or assistant in charge of each, and the Chief Astronomer in diarge of the whole. The crews and freight were so divided as to give about equal loads to the boats, and as nearly as pos- sible equal power for propulsion. We arrived at Fort Buford on the 23d, and at Bismarck on the SOtli of September. The distance, by river, from Benton to Bismarck, as determined by the astronomically-checked boat survey make by Lieutenant Greene's jiarties, is eight hundred and five miles. The same distance is popularly supposed to be, from the estimates of steamboat-men, one thousand two hundred and fifty-six miles. We left Bismarck, by the Northern Pacific Raihoad, October 2, and arrived in Saint Paul October 3, where, as in previous seasons, the men of the party were paid off and discharged. Tho offic< and assistants thence proceeded to Washington, where the usual routine of office-work was resumed. In closing this report, I desire to make mention of the admirable man- ner in which all duties required of them were perfonned by my assistants during the whole progress of the survey. Especially am I indebted to Mr. Boss and Mr. Wilson, not only for cheerful performance of the duties devolved upon them, but also for zeal in the furtherance of the work which was equaled only by tho discretion and accuracy with which their work was done. I desire also to mention my foreman, William Batson, who, by the exercise of an acute intelligence and untiring energy, relieved me of mucb. personal responsibility, and contributed not a little to the harmony and comfort of my [)arties. REPORT OF THE CUIBF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX A. 285 SEASON OP 1 875 A portion of tlio United States Northern boundary-line which lies across the valley of the Red River, and extends some distance beyond its eastern and western limits, is marked at even-milo intervals (with one exception, which will be hereafter noted) by cast-iron pillars, of which alternate ones were placed in position by parties of the British and United States Conunissions, respectively. Those of the British Commission were placed in 1874, .and to place those of the United States Commission, I went, under instructions from the Chief Astronomer, to the boundary-line, in the summer of 1875. The United States pillars were made at Detroit, Alich., upon the same general plan and specifications as those which mark our Northeastern bound- ary-line, differing from the latter only in the inscriptions upon them. They are hollow iron castings, three-eighths of an inch in thickness, in the form of a truncated pyramid, eight feet high, eight inches sqaare at bottom, four inches square at top, with solid pyramidal cap, and an octagonal flange, one inch in thickness, at bottom. Upon opposite faces are cast, in letters two inches high, the inscriptions "Convention of London," and "October 20, 1818." The inscriptions begin about four and a half feet above the base, and read upward. Thn interiors are tilled with well-seasonod cedar posts, sawed to fit, and securely spiked, through sj)ike-hoi'}s cast in the pillars for the purpose. The average weight of the ])illars, w'lcn completed and painted, was two hundred and eighty-five pounds. I arrived at J^otroit August 3, inspected the pillavs unon completion, and, finding them all perfect and according to s])ec;iications, shipped them, on the 8tli instant, via the Great Lakes and Northern Pacific Railroad, to Moorhead, Minn. I then went by rail to Saint Paul, whei'e I employed a foreman, obtained such equipage and materials as were necessary for a working party, and left for Moorhead iqwn the receipt, August 15, of tele- graphic advices that the pillars would arrive there the next day. From Moorhead, I shipped the pillars, equipage, &c., and myself took passage, August IG, on the steamboat Dakota, for Pembina. Owing lo the low fl • 286 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. i:i stage of water in the Red River, we were so frecjuently groaiided on bars and rapids that we did not arrive at our destination until tlie *jr)lli instant. At Pembina I organized a working party by eni])loying tour additional men and three teams, and began setting the j)illars on the 2d of September. The similar pilhirs which h.ad been placed by the British parties the preceding autumn, were at two-mile intervals, reckoning eastward and westward from the point of intersection of the boundary-line with the jjrin- cipal meridian of the Dominion province of Manitoba, and my instructions were to place the United States pillars midway between them, in order that the intervals between pillars should bo oven miles. The mounds erected when the survey of this portion of the boundary-line was made, in 1873, were at even-mile intervals, reckoning eastward and westward from the initial astronomical station. No. 1, on the west bank of the Red River. The principal meridian of Manitoba crossed the boundary-line five chains eighty- throe links, or 384.8 feet west of the mound Uitarest it, and, therefore, each pillar was to be placed the same distance west of its corresponding mound. The sites for them had been marked, over a j)ortion of the line, by the parties which placed the British pillars, with a peg and a small earth mound. When the pegs were found intact the pillars were there placed ; if they were missing, or when, as on the lino eastward from Rosoaii Ridge to Roseau River, no sites had been marked, they were established with theodolite and chain, by means of the distance mentioned and tlio direction given by the adjacent moimd and the next iron pillar. From the Red River eastward to the twenty-mile point, the mounds were in erroneous positions, owing to an error made in the field-calculations, which was discovered and corrected in the subsequent office-computations. They were north of the lino jn-oportionally to the distances from the east and west ends of the tangents to the point of juiu;tion, the greatest error being lfi.9 feet at the ten-mile point. (For details see Lieutenant Greene's report "Details of Tangents.") The errors were corrected, and all of tho iron pillars placed in their proper positions. The pillois wore all set four feet in the ground, with their inscription- faces to the north and south, and the earth around them well settled. They were placed in their exact sites by means of stakes north and south and UKrOHT OF TIIK CIIIKF ASTHONOMFCH, APPKNDIX A. 287 east and west of the pof^s niarkinf^ their sites; upon which iilif^nnieiit wiis made in the two direetions, before and dining' the time that they were being secured by bowhhirs and eartii. There were seventeen jjilhirs set east, and forty-three west of th(f Ued River; the most easterly and most Avesterly being, respectively, 53 miles 55.10 chains and 1 70 miles 55.19 chains west of the astronomical station at the Lake of the Woods (No. 1 east). The intervening ones are all at their proper intervals, with two e.xceptions, viz, an extra jjillar was jdaced in the mound marking the initial point of the survey near the Red Kiver (Station No. 1), and the pillar next west of the Pembina River was set in the mound 134 miles 32.07 chains west of the Lake of the Woods station. This latter site was selected for two reasons: tirst, on account of its con- spicuous position, on the crest of the high ridge west of the river; and second, because it would have been at a great expense of time and lal)or to have carried it, by hand, down the precipitous blufis, to an obscure position in the gulch below. The work was completed, and the men and teams of the party paid off and di8charg(>d on the 7th of Octcdjer. From the 2d of September to th(f latter date, we were accompanied by a military escort, detailed by order of Brigadier-General Terry, commanding Department of Dakota, consisting of twelve enlisted men of the Twentieth Infantry, from the garrison of Fort Pembina, conmianded by IJeut. C. IL Low of the same regiment. To [.lieutenant Low and his men I am indebted for nuich assistance in expe- diting the work. Upon my return to Pembina, I found instructions from the Chief Astronomer, directing me to proceed to the Northwest Angle of the r.,nko of the Woods, for purposes which are detailed in a special paper concerning that locality. I accordingly left Pembina on the 8th of October, proceeded by stage to Winnipeg, Afanitoba, and thence, by special conveyance, to my destination, and having performed the duty with which I was charged, returned to Pembina, on the 15th; and after adjusting the business iifl'airs of the Commission there and at Saint Paul, I returned to Washington on the 2d of November. I' 288 UNITED STATES NOHTUKKN llOUNDAUY COMMISSION. ASTRONOMY. Tlio latitutles of all of tlio nstronoinical Htations were doteitniiiod by obsorvatioua, with tlio zenith telescopo, of tho diflereiicef of nearly equal meridian zenith distances of stars, north and south of tho zenith. This method and instrument arc now in such general use that only such descrip- tion of them is necessary as will explain tho features and circumstances peculiar to our work. I N S T K U M K N T 8 . The zenith telescopes used were Nos. f), 11, and 20, Wiirdemann. Nos. 9 and 11 were of twenty-five inches focal length, of small magnifying power, and were considerably woni by use ujjon tho survey of our North- western boundary-line, from tho Pacific Ocean to the summit of the Kocky Mountains. No. 20 was a new instrument, made for tho Commission in 1872 and '73, of thirty-two inches focal length, and a magnifying power of sixty diameters. No. !) was used by Captain Twining, at Stations Nos. 1 and 1 east, and with it good results were obtained. No. 1 1 was used by myself, at Stations Nos. 3, 7, and 9, and found to be entirely unreliable. It was afterward discovered that during tho time of observations at Station No. 3, tho telescope M'as loose upon its horizontal axis. Though this fault was afterward remedied, an irredeemable one was the badly-ground level attached to the telescope, which would often sud- denly indicate large changes in the adjtistnients that could not be detected by means of the striding-level. Tho instrument was, in fact, faulty to a degree that rendered the attainment of precise ' osults with it impossible. It was soon discarded and replaced by No. 20, -.vliich was used at sixteen stations and at Fort Buford, and found to bo, in all respects, a perfect instrument. I N 8 T R U M K N T - S T A N D .S . From the beginning of the work up to Station No. 5, the instruments were mounted upon wooden posts, about twenty inches in diameter and six feet long, sunk four feet in the ground. Well-seasoned logs were selected, I Ul.NOWTHtWN BOONOAWV COMMISSION nt E CJ [o: lit \\\ m »NSTRUMENT &TAND CAPT W.J.I WINING Uwps Of Enline[R,s e (7u>r/t scrttr d t'U/uiitd Jtmali ,«u^»v tf 7'j6u bolts k J'Un if trtA/iotihi- "uAjJa/m m Oak UbU n OuUtci iron litAd jhr ^imi„o' J> VrtncA I i '"1 li .r..-laiilS-.i, Pncto-'.ith. '^ REPOET OF THK CHIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX A. 289 and tho portion above ground painted to prevent swelling, shrinking, and twisting with atmospheric changes. They served their purpose very well, but as our field of labor was, for the most part, a treeless country, it was very desirable to have some sort of a stand which could be conveniently Iransported from station to station. Such an one was devised by Captain Twining, and manufactured to his order at the Detroit Locomotive A\ orks. Three pointed steel bars, two inches in diameter and six anu a half feet long, were driveii four and a half feet into the gi-ound, and formed a jjart of a rigid system, with a braced triangular frame-work of oak, twenty-nine inches high, whose horizontal section was an isosoles triangle, of about fourteen inches base. The connection between the bars and frame-work was effected b} open steel clamps at top and bottom of the fvome-work, which were closed by bolts and nuts, after the bars were driven. Tho table, which was a solid triangular piece of oak, three inches thick, was joined to the bars by means of bolts attached to its liottom, three for each bar, and intermediate flanged ft^niale screws, with bolt-holes, which fitted the corresponding male screws upon tlic biiv-heads. Betwe^i these flanged screws and the table-bottom were placed soft- rubber washers, to allow the table to be brought to a firm bearing, by means of the bolts and nuts, when the top surfaces of the flanges were not in the same plane, or any of them not parallel to t'ne bottom of tlie surface of tlie table. On the bars, below the flanged female scn^ws, were brass chock-screws, which worked against the former, and held them tlrmly hi position. To place the stand in position, the top soil was first removed from a triangidar space a little larger than the table of the stand. The frame-work was then placed upon the hard soil, tlic bars inserted in the o])en clamps, and W — II. 'J Tiir aiifjli's not nivcn tlin ao 1 - 1. :t 00 1 — i:i.(! iiirii'cdiin is tiblaiiu'd •JO -J, ;! 100 , - 1(1. 1 liy iiiloriiulutioii. 40 1 -:u) 111) ! - IS... fiO — r..-j l-jo — •.M.7 «)0 1 - 7.0 i;)o — a 1. 7 70 i — H.O 1 110 1 -•..-.7 C II KONG M KT i; KS. The chronometers used by my party in 1S7.'5 were Negus break- circuit sidereal No. l-tHl ; \^^n\i\ ,»mputed as fast us taken. On the day ftillowinj'' the lirst night's work llie distance on tlie meridian f lit 11 .1 H\ ■r i;il 294 UNITED STATES NORTHERN ROUNUARY COMMISSION. from the center of tha instrument to the 49th parallel, as given by the mean of the results, was carefully measured, and a picket driven there (in latitude 49°: 1" of latitude n 101.34 feet). The teams were then employed during the remainder of the days at the station in haixling stone for the mound to tliis picket. When the requisite number of results were obtained, and the final lat- itude deduced, the diffei'ence between it and the result of the first night's work v.\i8 laid off on the ground, north or south, from the picket before mentioned, and another picket driven, around which was piled the stone for the mound which marks the boundary-line. The mounds were conical in form, and varied in dimensions with the comparative difficulty experienced in obtaining stones. The smallest was about five feet high, and eight feet in diameter at base, and the largest eight feet high, and sixteen feet in diameter at base. When timber was obtainable there was iisuully a post sunk three feet in the ground, around which the mound was built ; otherwise the top soil was removed and a circle of small bowlders laid around a central stone used in the place of the picket. This was then covered wiui earth and the mound piled upon it. Upon completion of the mound, which was usually before noon of the day succeeding the lavst night's work at a station, camp was brolien and the march begun for the next station. BLANK FORMS. The blank forms used for computations in the field Avere so convenient that I deem them worthy of preservation, and to that end attach specimena hereto: 1. Time by single altitude. 2. J atitude Vy Polaris off meridian. 3. Latitude by circunanoridian altitudes. 4. Programme for zenith-telescope observations. .5. Comparison of chroiomoters. 6. Record and reduction of zenith-telescope observations. Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4 wore arniuged in blocks of one liundrod forma, from REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX A. 295 which each form was detached for file as computations upon it were com- pleted. No. 5 was in book-form of half quires ; the specimen shown is one- half of one page. No. 6 was in book-fonn of four quires ; the specimens shown are the headings of opposite pages. K K s u L T s . There are appended hereto complete records of the astronomical sta- tions. They are in order as follows: — 1. Star Catalogues, 1872, '73, '74. 2. Latitude determinations with the zenith telescope. 3. Instrumental constants. 4. Abstract of chronometer records. 5. Results at British astronomical stations. 6. Reconnaissance-positions. The large number of independent observations made with the sextant for time and latitude, are not appended. They, alone, would make a consid- erable volume, ard are not considered essential to a faithful presentation of the record. 8 T A K C A T A L O G U E S . The star lists comprise all stars used for observation with the zenith telescope. Tlieir designating numbers are those of the British Association Catalogue, and the mean declinations and proper motions those adopted for the year. The list for 1872 was used at but two stations. No. 1 and No. 1 east. The mean declinations were derived fi-om the catalogues of the Greenwich observatory. The mean declinations for 1873 and 1874 were obtained by homogeneous reduction, according to the method of Argelander, from all reliable authorities obtainable. This has been the work of Mr. Lewis Boss, to whom great credit is due for the correct and altogether admirable manner in M-liich his work has been performed. As he is engaged in the preparation of an elaborate report tipon the subject of these star places, I will not cnlnrgo upon thorn here, and will only add, that a careful examination of the latitude results obtained, and of the residuals of each pair of stars, referred to the mean latitudes of the s(iveral stations, affords i , I i < |s 'SI 296 UNITED STATES NOKTHERN BOUNDAKY COMMISSION. ample evidence to warrant the conclusion that the errors of determination are almost wholly those of observation, includinfj, of course, instrumental errors, and that the mean places of the stars may be considered as very nearly approaching absolute accuracy. The lists for 1873 iuul 1874 comprise one hundred and twenty -four and one hundred and twenty-eight stars, respectively, in declination from -f 17° 45' 52" to 71.'° 58' 55", and in right ascension from 13'' 22"' to 4" 05'", which were the hours of possible observation during the field-seasons. The ei)hemeris, as constructed for use in the field, consisted of: — 1st. Table of mean places for the year; R. A. from any reliable author- ity; annual precession and proper motion. Logaritlnns of the constants a' h' d (V, corresponding to Bessel's formuljB and notation for reduction from mean to apparent place. 2d. Logarithms of day numbers for the day and sidereal hours speci- fied, computed for a mean longitude of the stations. 3d. Table of apparent places, for every five days of the probable time of field-work. This time, in 1873, was from May 20 to October 22, and in 1674, from June 21 to October 12. Declinations for other dates than those given in the table, were obtained by interpolation, the difference between a declination so obtained, and one directly reduced, being inappreciable. LATITUDEKESULTS The final result for the latitude of each station is the arithmetical mean of all of the determinations at that station, M-ithout regard to time of obser- vation or the pairs of stars observed. This method was chosen, because the probable error of declination is so far inside of that of observation as to render weighting, not only a work of unnecessary refinement, but pos- itively undesirable. For the same I'eason, it is believed that the final accuracy is about the same at .stations, so far as it depends upon the number of different jjairs of stars observed. At no station lias the time of observation covered a period of Ics.s than two entire nights. In those instances, when there were two or three nights KEl'OKT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONO.Ai .i;, AITENDIX A. 297 of observation, tlie number of observations made on the several nights were nearly the same, and tlie mean result given is nearly tliat of the mean of the results taken by nights. At those stations where there was a greater number of nights' work, the numbers of observations of the several nights do greatly vary, and it, would be manifestly unfair to give, for the final result, the mean of the nights' results, unless less weight were given to the night of few observations, and this is [mictically done by taking the mean of all the results. There have been no results rejected by arbitrary selection. At each station, Peirce's Criterion for the rejection of doubtful observations was applied to the results, before striking the iinal mean. While there is much doubt of the actual utility of the application of such mathematical criterion when the results are in the hands of a competent and judicious computer, it nevertheless gives some standard rule for computers to follow, and affords means of comparing results obtained by different observers, which would not be comparable if results were rejected at will. It also dissipates doubts which might arise as to the constant good judgment of a computer in select- ing results for rejection, especially under the pressure of necessary haste in completing the computations, which always obtained in our field work. W ! ■,!■! INST K U M E N T A L CONSTANTS, Observations for the value of level divisions and micromete'" tiu'ns of each zenith telescope, were made once or twice each season that such instru- ment was used, except that the value obtained for the level of zenith telescope No. 20, in 1873, Avas used in 1874. The permanent marks used in the level-value determinations were either the crosswires of astronomical transits or transit theodolites. For value of micrometer turns, observations were made upon a clrcum- polar .star, usually Polaris, near elongation. For zenith telescope No. 20, those used in 1874 depend upon three series of observations: two of Polaris, and one of B. A. C. No. 240, made at Fort 13uford. I desired to roobserve for the constant values of No. 20, but there were no occasions, during the season of 1874, when such observations wovdd !,( si V I ll M I tl 298 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. have boon prac' 'cable, that the time v/os not employed in latitude work, or that I was not too much fatigued, by such work, to make the reHults of value. It was not considered of sufficient importance to justify a night'.s delay for the purpose, as the latitude residls demonstrated, by accompany- ing results obtained from pairs of stars with large and small differences of zenith distances, that the mici-ometor values used were amply good. No corrections for run of micrometer, or for variations in the value of micrometer-turns for changes of temperature, have been applied, the inves- tigations of these errors being considered more curious than useful in their relation to field-astronomy. The following synoptical table explains the general character of the latitude-work The results of observations at all the stations of 1873 and 1874 are included between the limits here given, except those of Nos. 3, 7, and 9, which were determined with the poor instrument (No. 11) before described, and which, though not absolutely bad, are not comparable with the rest of the work. 1873. 1H74. o •n P O u d - S D a 03 i c c o 1 ■c c •si d's !i5 Station nam- ber. Greatest extreme range of rcsnlta at auy stiitioii . . Least extreme ran);o of resnlls at any station Greatest probable error of single ileterniinatioii .. Least prol)ablo error of single determination Grentont probiiblo error of linal result Least prol»able error of tinal r*'snlt .... . II ■X 4:i 0. 4.^.7 0. 3-.>4 0. (l.-|(! 0. 0.37 C(i (iO (Hi 82 10 10 10 5 // 2. C8 i.8;t 0. 3'j;! 0. a-i8 0.049 0. 0'2U T.-i (iO 47 6i 47 6-2 1 16 18 •JO 15 SO Number of independent dutenninations of latitude niili zenith telescope < 18"'4 '^''0 Nnmber of same riyected by criterion 5 1S71 ! No star forms a compound of more than one pair, and the results show that it is better that each pair should be separately observed; that is, that several pairs should not be grouped for the same setting. In the computations for probable error, the residuals are the differences ItKPOUT OF THE ClIlIiF ASTRONOMKU, APPENDIX A. 299 betwcpii the arithmetical means of all of tlio detorminations and tlio indi- vidual detei-minations; \vhich is the method usually, but not universally, adhered to in like field work. RE8ULT3 AT BRITISH STATIONS. The appended list of results obtained at the British astronomical sta- tions is compiled from the record of the British Commission furnished tho United States Commission. (See page 198.) The declinations of stars used by the astronomois of the British Com- mission were taken from the publications of the Greenwich Observatory, and tho individual results obtained were combined by weights. RKCONNAISSA NCE I'OSITIONS. In the following table are given tho astronomical positions of points on lino of march from Fort Buford to the boundary -line at Station No. 1 3. The latitude of Fort Buford was determined, by myself, with zenith tele- scope No. 20. Tho large probable error of final result is accounted for by the facts that there were but twenty determinations, by observation of eleven pairs of stars, and that tho declinations of tliese stars were from other sources than our own catalogue, which did not contain stars of suitable declination for that latitude. The other positions given are from sextant observations by my !) sist- ant, Mr. Lewis Boss. Positions. Latitude. Longitude. Fort. Buford (fliig-staff ) 47 59 15. 58 4- 0. 192 48 09 10 48 08 38 48 07 58 48 04 55 48 16 18 48 29 37 48 42 50 48 44 05 o / // 103 58 00 104 54 25.5 104 .'■j3 4(;.5 105 O'J 52. 5 100 00 28.5 IOC) 35 40.5 10(i 59 33 107 04 54 107 a 45 liiK Muildy River Freiicliinau'8 Point (Missouri River) Poplar River (orQnakiiif; A'li River) Littlo Porcnpino Kiver liu;;t;v Creek Lake novd Fort Turnay (Freuelimau's Creek) I 'It )t> I S; ?' i i Wfi'Sit it i i 300 UNITi:i) STATKS NORTIIKHN HOUNDARY COMMISSION. II Y 1' H () M r. T u •' A N i» M i; r r. o u o l o (i v. Tho vertical oKum'nt .>!' rlio survey iiloii},' tlio boiindury-lino dopontls upon the Ijaroiuetric deteruiiiuitions of tho altitudes of astronomicul camps, &c., upon whicli, as bases, are adjusted and closed tho vertical Hurvoys of the topoffraphical parties. The iustrunuMits used in this connection by each astronomical party wore two cistern-barometers, Green, two aneroid barometers, two psy- (ihromotcrs, one nuixiuuim and one minimum thermometer, one black-bulb thermometer. Those under my care were in constant use from the Red River to the Rocky Mountains, and, with the exception of the black-bulb thermometer, whicli was broken early in tho first season and never replaced, were safely carried through all of the vicissitudes incident to two years' service in the field, a piece of j^ood fortune rarely e([ualed in the histories of these fragile iustruinents. Tho practice at astronomical camps was to record daily at 7 a. m., 2 p. m., and !> p. m. the readings of the barometers, attached thermometers, and psychrometer, the extra barometers being read for the purpose of detect- ing any cliange of instrumental errors which might occur, and also to afl'ord the means of continuing the record, reduced to tho same zero, in case of accident to the standard barometer. General meteorological phenomena were noted three times daily, and the maxinunn and mininunn thermometers were read at 7 a. m. and 9 p m. 'i'he computations of the altitudes of all stations have been made by comparison of daily nutans with the daily means of synchronous observa- tions made at a permanent station. For the season of IST.'i the permanent station was Fort Pembina, Dak., where the record was kept by an observer emi)loyed by the Conmiission. For season of 1874 comparison was made with the record of the United States Signal-Service station at Fort Benton, Montana, a copy of which, for tho time of our field-service, was furnished, upon application, by the (Jliief Signal-Ofiicer of the Army. The formula; and tables employed in the reduction may be Ibund in RKI'OllT OF THK ClUDV ASTIJONOMRH, ArPKNDIX A. noi WilliuniHon's treiitiso on the " Um« of tho Uaroinetor, &c.", IVofosHional I'iipcrs Corps of Kiifr'mecrs, No. 1/3, and " aro tlioso of I'lantaiuour (Giiyot's tables I), 7"J-7!I), rcarraiififod aiitod to English nicasiwcs." Tlio rodiu'tions liavo Im'dh mado by daily means, and each result thus (d)tainod given equal weight in tin? final result. In those cases where, for luck of a srilicient luunber of daily means, single observations have been admitted, much les.s weight than that given a daily moan has been accorded them — generally about one-(iuarter. No corrections for ulmormal and horary oscillations of the weight of the atmosphere have been applied, as we had no sulliciently-extended series of ob.servations made under circumstances favorable for tho jjurjjose of deducing these corrections. Tlio only hourly series attempted was recorded at Captain Twining's camp, at Wood End Depot, September 2li to 30, 187.'5, and that time was, unfortunately, the period of the severe equinoctial storm < - c § < Locality of station. No. i:i .No. 14 No. ir. No. ii; No. 17 No. l" No. I!) No. -JO Int. •-', (I'.M •i, ■■l\(\ " . '.i;!7 •. , KH ; ', Cfii : .-,-.4 3, J6(j 1(10 I4'.l 1,11 111 .rJ7 I.IMI 1,53a l-'ni. :i,-Joi :i, o:!;i ;!,'-' ;o ;!, i(M i,i;4i 1,7-J6 IWI. •>, ^>\ :),(i:i(i •-', 7-'7 •J,7]'.l 3,(1-.-. 3,414 4, 343 4, 375 Fiel. y, Hi;ti a, 1I4'.' •J, 770 ■J, f'-'3 3, 7-.'3 3,.^01 4,315 4,--'I3 Irtt. a, .-:w 3, 01!t '-',818 •-', f>93 3, 7!I5 3, 17.-. 4,417 4,331 rreiii'liiiinii's Civek, west bank. Pool on jirairie. KiiM i-oik Milk River. Milk HiviT lakes. Kast linttc S .vi'cturass Hills. K'od UiviT, \v,»t bank. Noitli Folk Milk lilver. Cliief Mountain Lake. Feet. Fort Pembina abin I'., i'l 760 Clieycnno iibovesea 0,058 Fort Jl"nton above sea '2, 674 The results obtained by reference to Fort Benton are those accepted for the altitudes of these stations, and are considered the most reliable, becau-'^ the horizontal distances between . 'tious compared are much less than ill the other cases, and the general cliinutic and local conditions more nearly similar. Apppended is a table giving the altitudes of thirty-two positions, on or neai tho boundary-line, Avith verbal description of location, latitude, and longitude, and height above station of comparison and above the sea. Also, record of each station, and of station of comparison, and the work of red'iction. The records at stations Nos. 2, 4, G, 8, Wood End Depot, Lake of the Woods, and Northwest Angle were made under the sujiervision of Ca])tain Twining; those at Nos. 2, ;], and 4, (Hist, iiiidor tlie supervision of Lieu- tenant Greene, and at the rest of die stations under my own sujiervision, exf^ept at the British depot, Sweetgras; Hills, where a semi-daily record of an aneroid barometer was ke[tt di'.ilrg the niontli of August, 1874, and a transcript of it forwarded to mo by the Chief Astronomer of the Briti.sh Commission. KEl'ORT OF THE CHIEF ASTEONOMER, APPENDIX A. 303 THE NORTHWEST ANGLE, LAKE OF THE WOODS. By this title is poi)uliirly and generally designated the arm or bay of the Lake of ilie Woods, at Avhose northwestern extremity is the point d«^eided, by the Joint Commissioners appointed to carry into eflect the 7th Article of the Treaty of Gho^t, to be th' most northwestern point of the Like of the Woods. To the locality especial interest attaches, from the fact that the most northwestern point mentioned is the initial point of the boundary-line which it was our work to determine, and because a portion of the American waters of the bay, uid of one of the streams emi)tying into it, forh. a part of the Dominion .vernment route of travel and trans- portation trom Lake Superior to Winnijjeg, Manitoba. In order to arrive at a dear understanding of the pnrpose and methods pursued in the work at the Northwest Angle, I quote the following from the declaration of the Commissioners appointed to establish the boundary- line under the 7th Article of the Treaty of Ghent: — Section 10. Ixcsuhnt, Tliiit tlu' I'dllDuint,' ('I'scribiMl lino (also rei)i(\soiitPd on said maps as bclbie iiii'iitioiii'd) is, in the opinion ot tlif Coinniissioncis, so lar as tlic saino t'xtciids, tlic true Ilonndaiy inti-ndcd hy the liel'oic mentioned Treaties: — yaraely, * • * • • thence tlirounli llie middle ot tbo waters of tliis liay to flie Xortiiwest extremity of the same, being the most ^^)^th\vestel ii point of t le Lake of i!o Woods, and liom a monument eieeted in this Bay, on the neaie.st linn ground to tie above NiM'tliwest extremity of m\-\ 'iay, li.e courses and distanees aiv as follows: vi?, 1st, N., rMo \y. ir.d.jj feet. 2d, N. (JO W. ,S(iU feet. M. N. L'8o W. Oir.4 feet. 4th, N. 27= 10' W. 40J.t feet, oth, X. jO 10' K. i;;2l.'i feet, (ith, N. 7° 4."/ W. 4!):! leei The variation being 12° East. The termination of this Oth or last course and distance being the •above said most Northwestern Point of the L:\ko cf the Woods, as designated by the 7tU Article of the Treaty of (ihent, and being in Laiitude Eortyiiine degrees, twenty- ., ."1 minutes. :"id tiltyfive seconds North of the E(iuator, and in longitude Xiuety- w: degree.", fou.n 'U minutes, and thirty-eight seconds, west from the ob.sorvatory at Greenwich 'l\> discover and re-establish this "most Northwestern point," and to trace, thence, the ineridia;. l)oundary-line, and to make such surveys at the Northwest Angle as should be necessaiy, 1 was directed by Maj. F. U. Farquhar, then Chief Astronomer of the Commission, to accompany him to the Lake of the Woods, with a ])ortion of my topographical \r.\vtx, and such instriunents, rations, camp-eqiiipage, &c., as would be needed for a month's work. ' 1 i il I ii! .1, i i< 1 1 i • J I ill il 304 TTNFTEn STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY (COMMISSION. El' ■ Wc accordingly broke camp on the Ix-undiiry-Iiiie, nciar the Red River, on the morning oi' the 1st of October, 1H72, nuirclied to Winnipeg, Miini- tobn, in throe und one-lialf days, distance sixty-eight miles, crossed the Red Jiiv(^r, and went into camp at Saint IJonifju'c, op[)owit(^ Winnipeg, on the eveninji: of October 4. lireakinji- cami) next niorinnir, we man hed ov(!r th ('anadlan Clovernment road, known as the "Dawson road," to the North- west Angle, arriving then; upon the (^vei)ing of Octolxn' 9, the distance from Saint IJonitacc; bt/nig one hinidrc:d and ten miles. Wc were associated in the work at the Angle with (!apt. Sannn-l Anderson, Koyal ]Cngineers, Cliief Astronomer of iIk! liritish ('ommission, -\ho, with his det.iclmient of I'.nglish sappers, arrived the same evcuiing. We were also accompanied to the ,\ngle liy ('apt. W. ,). 'I'wining, llnileo\eriiment, to lish, to trade ai .le adjacent Hudson's Ray Oompany's store, mid to adjii-^l, among themselves, the prop- erty ac(jui I'd, by \arious methods ol gambling. TIm point marked " Dock" on the map was the lermiuiis of tli(; Daw- UKFOItT OF TIIK CIIIEK ASTHONOMKH, AIMMiNDIX A. 305 Hon road, and the landing'-jilace of tlic Citiiadiiiii Oovcrnniont Loafs at the tiuio of our visit to iiw Anglo in 1872. At tlie present tinio, IHV5, the tt'iTiiinus of said road, tho goveninient buildings, and the Iludsons Bay ('onii)any's store are lotaleosed should be the most nortiiwcst |M»int, to erect thnt snd- ihiul}' aliandoned for cause, as will appear. Mr. .Iami;s ISl Kay, then mcnnber of i'ariiamcn! of the; province! of Manitoba, and manager tor the Dominion g(jvernment ol' the "havvson I'oute," arrived at tin; XortliW(;st Angh' and b<'came at onc(! inten .-,t(fd in the sean^h lor the \i>-^\ moiinment-site. Mr. .M(Ka\ is (tf irii.xed descent, ami sneaks with flneiic\ the language of the ()jiii\va\s, ha\iiig spc^nt a large KS'lI'Oirr ()(■ TIIK (;/llKK aHTRONOMK)}, AI'I'KNDIX a. ;!(>7 jjortion ol' hi- lil'c uuiniig- tiuau. On il:is a/'comit, ;in(l Ixciiiiso tii' liis olTirial position and strong pcrHousilitv , lu; lias inuclj iidliH'Uci; with tiio ludians, iiiid ol)taiiK'd one of llic; .tld chiof'H, who s;;id In; kri( w tli( pl.ict! wliorc tim nioiniiiicnt liail l»i'(.ii, to '^q witli li. n uwA point it out Accoidinyly iIk; fiuliun, iK'coiiipanied by Mr. McKay, M;iji>r I'anjnliiii, and Captain And(!i- ,son, wtMit ill a canoe to the |)oi;!l oi' land wliicli we liad sca)Tli('d o\cr so many limes, and directed attention to a place, diiectly ^ilV the point, among the rushes whi(!h (!\erywhei'e fringe tlie nhon , iind in iiljout two and a half feet oi water, wliich ho said he knew to he the place whenj the inoiiiinKiit had iieen. Hy wading, Major Fanpihar discovered wiiat were to him and llu'st) accon'])anyIng hiin satisfactor}' e\i(hMices tliat this was indtions h(;retofore given ))rov(,(l that it must liave been in this inuiKMliate vicinity. Tliere W(!re dcjiressions ^vlu•V(; ])ortions of two logs had e\!(lenll\ lain at riyht angles with each otliiiT, aiMi, in the iiiclinhd aeglr, a cavity such as would have been left liy th(! i'enio\al o f a 1 oiT, ami wlieiice had )ro bal )l\' lieeii taken the ueloll! mentioned as havni: '• oeen hi'oii''lit to Colonel i'one.st's ca mil. Till! Indians said that the water-siirf; ICC v. at the time our visit to the Anghi, (tight feet higher than it was .n tin time the moiiumrnt \\a- erected, and tliis stateuK nt was partially siibsi iiitiat( d 1 IS wit thin the knowlediii; of *he .vhiti' iieoi'le li\iii;r at t An- act liiat e, liiere lllid Ijeeii no season in which the water iiad ': With th Til :•!, lilM-li. in IliC .f ll ( \(ar. '• ^sater e\( n jniir feet hjwor, this sili dd .1 I (: \\(/alit li.'i\ I hceli on lirm gmuinl, as such term woulil o(; iinderstoou in a rniiiiti\ low ami swamp like that in the vicinity (if tlie Angle, and, n ior<-.i\(i- 111 a Iliac/! v(!r\' inii V(;iiient for jnaking tlie ne"(!ssary conm-clions will Hervatory," and with the ''most iinithwc'stern pi.iiit I' I ilic jiuin t mark<'d '"ob W. nao o"cn mis h(l b\- lh>- statement .il ti i(! cdiiiim.isioner.s, that it Avas "i'v im.iiuii flit errcti d in tiiis \h\ , on the ii(;arest tirni v.rouml to tl •aim) \* northwest eMr«',iiii v oi san y li> t\." which iiidiic(;d ns ti> ceiisianllv ,'«' h too far inland, where, |<,« the northeast of the point iimler lis iis.sion, ml nearer !•> the imtsl nuriinvostorn point, we had tbund a led"*; of urunitie, IN M ■1 !l,. n t Ul 11 ill mi 308 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. The occupation of this rock, however, would have involved 'he sur- veyors in a large amoruit of heavy timber cutting, which was prooably, at that time, not practicable. l^o sum up the evidence that tiio point under consideration ia the site of the original reference monument, we find the following: It is in correct position, according to the offioial map of the commis- sioners, as nearly as can be selected on a map whose scale is two inches to one mile. The same is true for the most northwestern point, when connected with this position by the oilicial bearings and distances. It was pointed out by an Ojibway chief, and recognized by otlier In- dians, all of whom averred that they remembered the visit, to the Angle, of the party that erected the niommient, which they had frequently seen in after years. The official latitude of the most northwestern point, before quoted, differs from that obtained by Captain Andor.son, with the zenith telescope, of the same point (accepting this site as correct) by only 4". 7; a verj^ close agreement, when wo consider that the original latitude was determined by sun observations, with a sextant. It was in a prominent and convenient position for connecting with the point marked "observatory," and with the most northwestern point, involv- ing v;*.' tnnber cutting. Uoutirmatory evidence in the shape of a letter from Mr. Barclay, Com- missioner of the Commission of 1824, who describes the original monument us having l)een an oaken center post, surrounded by a crib-work of logs seven feet square. This coincides with the description, given by the Indians, of the mon- ument, and accounts for the relative positions of the de])rossions di.scovered by .Major Farquhar. As the evidence that the traces found were those of the remains of the old monument was considered satisfactory, the site was accepted by tlio Chief Astronomers of the Joint Commission, and a station there erected wa^ connectcil witii the (hie s*^uth line tlm->iigh the Northwest Point, and Avith the astronomical station', by means (■< a triangle whose base-line, u))on th(! opposite shore of the l)ay, was tln-ee rime-^ earefnlly ■ f- ' I A :!i- 1 .,1-1 > k ft 'I- '^ ■i;i"in:i; > *' i>'< »<•■) V V. -. ■■> !:,,•, . ; ill 'I,' I .. ..ri;.» ? ■ , • ;i! •• . ■', \ I' I ,1 ■<, .<' Ws: 1 J ■■ 'M It ;!.< 1 \i ,\\i mP '' 'Mr- ■ '{I ! Mr I ' , J r', VFK ■;( l'i< iiiili 'ii i 'I •I i'u 1l i } e l{i:i'()I!T OF TlIK CHIEF ASTKONOMEK, APPENDIX A. 509 nioiiHiircMl. TIic coiTcctinn to the measured angles is all applied to tlio Hiiylo at tlio niomimout, because that angle was measured with a six-inch Negus theodolite, with verniers, whose least count was thirty seconds, and the angles at tlic^ base-stations were measured by careful repetitions, with an eight-inch Wiirdemann transit, with verniers reading to ten seconds. It was agreed between the Chief Astronomers of the British and United States Conmussion, that the due south line should be laid off jointly. Observations for azimuth of the base-line were made by (Japtain Anderson, upon Polaris near elongation, and by myself, upon Polaris at greatest eastern and western elongations. My observations at West Base, October 18, on Polaris at eastern elongation, gave for azimuth of base-line 110° 03' 14".l, and at East Base, October 19, at western elongation of Polaris, ll'J° 03' 19".2. The azinuith adopted by the Chief Astronomers of the Joint Commission, after a comparison of results, was 119° 03' 10".0. 1 then planted v. post upon the base-line, at a measured distance from West Base of 138'.4, being the point of intersection of the due south line through Northwest Point with the base-line (obtained as in the following pages), and measured, by careful repetitions, with the eight-inch Wiirdemann transit, tlie angle between the base-line and the due south line. At a distance south from this post of about a half mile, another jiost similar to it was planted; the two giving the direction of the meridian boundary-line. As it was now late in the season, and we were not prepared for winter work, I left the Angle on the 31st of October, by Major Farquhar's order, and arrived at Fort Pembina on the 7th of November. The work of cutting through the timbered swamps, on the due south line, to the shore line of the Lake of the Woods, was intrusted to the supervision of the British parties, and was accomplished in 1872. The permanent iron pillars marking this line, were placed in the fall of 1874. In the autumn of 187"), being then hj<> 3. rAi^.'woe 3. 3400424 log Bin, I'ast'ltase 9. K'>79758 A. C. log sill, nion'o 0. '^208290 M. - E. B. 3,610.8 W. B. - M. WfHt-baHt) — BOMt-bnm', 8 00° 50' 50" j K. 2,191.0 f.«t. log dist. 3. 3400424 3. 3400424 3. 4194472 2,026.9 log cos az. 9. 0802923 3. 02(59340 log sin az. 9.9415!)73 3.2822397 8. 1,064.0 K. I,ai.'>.3 Monument — MiKt-boHO, 8. 22° 09" fi7".7 ; W. 2,620.9 foet. log dist. 3.4194472 log COB ac 0.900G&.'>3 3. 3801025 8. 2,432.8 3.4194473 log sin BZ. 9. .'>700773 3. 9901245 W. 990.8 llErOUT OF TUE CUIBF ABTIIONOMEK, APl'ENDIX B. 311 The courses and distances frcm the reference-monument to the "most Northwestern point," as established by the Commissioners, under the seventh article of the treaty of Ghent, are as follows: — l»t, N. 50° W 1 ,rifi5i foot. 8il, N. f>°W Wilifeet. 3d, N. 'Ja° W Cir>.4 fe«t 41b, N. 27° 10' W 405.4 feet r.th, N. 6° lO" E 1,38-2* feet. 0th, N. 7° 45' W 493 feet. The variation being 12° east. These courses and distances give, with true bearings, the following results for latitude and departure: — Northing. Koating. Westing. 1126.1 Ki&M b91.6 47«. 1 136:<.U 491. C 3. 194C5:U 9. a''>fl9J41 Ist cuuntt. Illg cot). 2tb course, lug COS. Ctb coarse. log COS. log dbt. 44»,logsin lug tlUt. (!0, log sin. log (IJHt. l(P, log sin log flint. 15° 10', log Hii log (list. 17^ 10', log hIi log dist. 4° 15', log sill Total wei West-bas :<. 1946531 9.8417713 90.1 390.3 30.5 510.9 mun't. 3.0515872 a.u352rM:» 9.997til43 3.0364244 2.935255:1 9.0192346 1087.5 2.9328090 2.7891575 9.9828410 1.9544899 2.7891575 9. 4403381 2.7719991 2.0949500 9. 9d40o:i:t 2.229495«> 2. 1)949500 19.4170837 160.6 2.0795593 3. 12139.-.7 9. 9802081 :i. 1010038 2.0928409 9.9988041 8.1126.197 3. 12I.mi7 1 9. 4700401 2.5914418 2. 6928409 8.8098080 ISO.O 2.0910510 1.5027149 sting, 0, west of ref. kl nortliiug. 13S6.7 51G.9 800. R 990.8 Northwest Point, ciiat of west-base, 121.0 Referring to the accompanying map, in the right angled triangle west-base A P, there is given the distance west- base A, and by subtracting the azimuth of the baNO-lino (119° 03' 10") from 180°, is obtained the angle opposite and equal to the angle at P; hence log 121.0 =8.0827854 ' A . C. 1 ig Bj II 00° 00' :arty from Astronomical Station Lake of Woods), Westing. S8.0 024. if 869.8 1833.0 70L0 iiao.i 4'jo 23' 19". 137 1' 31". 146 49° 23' .'■)0".38 95° 08' 56". 7 ' CHIEF MOUNTAIN LAKE. Chief Mountain Lake lies at the eastern base of the main divide of the Rocky Mountains, and across our northern boundary-line, in longitude about 113° 53' west from Greenwich. To the east of it is an outlying range of mountains, which, breaking from the main range some miles south of the head of the lake, trends along its eastern shore, and terminates abruptly near its foot. The lake consists of two quite distinct basins, connected by a narrow and deep strait. Of these the most southerly is seven miles long, and varies from a half mile to nearly a mile in width. It is by far the larger, constituting, in fact, the body of the lake, and will be understood when in the following narrative the term lake is used. Hemmed in on all sides by ranges of towering, [)recii)itous mountains, whose peaks rise from two thuusaiid to six thousand four hundred feet ,¥ r ^*>^-r>t.-' ^' m ill t ■ ! ai2 N ■ ».!• !"•' ■ „ " I It; ■ i ili /. ' TM..! "1 •'Hr !>■!'■ 1.) ! .h, ■'1 n ai^t.ujr 111- .,3 i >- ;• '•'111.. I t;-(.'rij li.i- ': -lU r»i ' • ''II H'l ,h>' rt' ' !■ I VI:- "Ivh :il -Jif /) I :' 'hti Ki-J. It III' - 'r-r, >ts '■ tit )»'■>.' . . i>.^ lul..-. 1 '-ilii' ' .' I,, ai u i , r'- i;<',. - !r. ;l . ' i . i. ' . .. , ■ ' ;i'.' '- ' i'!i .1 h.'i'' ijjiit ' . . "i , ' , ■*''f "'I- -!>.».: .4?;;,)*: ^ - 1,,-: ; ki: . ^.1 - ,,;- II'. if 1\ .1' 'I ..L . ;J.t .,.1 .'< - !j> i' II, iii'lf. -ij- -' ^.-r...i ^i', ■ 'iiii'-'" " .1' ' ■i >;:iin- . i.l!:^lii"! \i-: k REl'UUT OF TUU CUIEF A8TUUNOMEU, APPENDIX A. 313 ubovo it, tlio lako id unapproachable by any route Bave by the valley of its outlet, the Waturton River. By turuitig nurthward, therefore, from a point on the boundary-lino about twenty miles east of the lake, we headed off the outlying mountain- range described, and following up the valley of the Waterton River, reached the foot of the lake, with our wagons, on the 18th of August. Camp wus pitched the same evening on a fine shinglu-boach ut the foot of the lake, u position which, besides the practical desideratum of proximity to an abund- ant supply of puio, cold water, afforded us also a comprehensive view of lako and mountain scenery, which, for picturesque beauty and grandeur, is probcibly not excelled, if equaled, by any on the continent. The lake and neighboring mountain-streams abound with delicious fish, and the vicinity of our camp witii dusky-grouse. One fish, said to bo a salmon-trout, weighing over twenty-one pounds, was caught from the lake by a soldier, with a hook fashioned from the rim-wire of some tin utensil ; and many red-speckled trout were caught from the mountain- streams that weighed in the vicinity of three pounds. Tlie water of the lake is, of course, clear and c(»ld, and of great depth. I regret that I had at hand no means of taking soundings. A piece of twine over three hundred feet long, with a heavy weight attached, did not reach bottom when let out at a point about two hundred yards from the shore, near Station No. 20. There is no current perceptible except near the out- let of the northern basin before mentioned. The purpose of my visit was to establisli on the shore of the lake tho last astronomicul station of the survey, and to make a geodetic and topo- graphical survey of tho lake and neighboring niouutaiii-region. Having found by observations witii the sextant for latitude that our camp was three and a half miles north of the 41)th parallel, I was obliged to cast about for means of water-transportation to the boundary -line, as a very cursory examination was suflicient to demonstrate the imfeasibility of a journey there by land, on account of the precipitous nature of the mountain-sides. After some experiments with improvised boats composed of wagon- boxes with covers of tent-canvas, which failed on account »>f the perniea- I li I \i \i 314 UNITED STATES NOUTUEKN llOUNUAltY COMMISSION. bility to wuter of tho thin canvua, I finally achiovod HUccesH in two boats which were modifications of tho above. One of theHo was a wagon-box with tile ends and all cracks covered with pieces of raw-liido closely tacked on, and tho whole covered with canvas. The otlier, as tlio supply of hide was exhausted, was a wagon-box fastened on top of n raft composed of seven logs, to wliicli additional buoyancy was given by securing empty water-casks between the outside logs on each side of tho raft. Paddles were used for propulsion, tho paddlers being squatted in tho bottom, as the crankiness of tho boats would not permit the use of elevated seats such as are necessary for oarsmen. We were ready for the trip up the lake on the evening of the 20th, but a severe storm came up tliat niglit which lasted for two days, causing delay and some damage to our boats, which, however, was soon rejiaired. On the evening of tho 22d, the night, though dark, was still, and I determined to take advantage of the lull to make, at least, part of the distance to the boundary-line before daylight. Leaving the main portion of my party in charge of Dr. Elliott Coues, United States Army, I embarked, about 8 J), m., »vith my assistants, Mr. Boss and Mr. Edgerton, and five men, the necessary instruments, seven days' rations, and as much camp-equip.ige as w.as absolutely necessary. Onco fairly out upon tho lake the darkness apj)eared thicker than before, and land-positions were totally unrecogniza- ble. The labor of forcing the unwieldy and heavily-loaded crafts through the water, and our constrained positions in the bottoms of tho boats, which we were unable to relieve by change, as the slightest motion produced unpleasant tips, suggestive of capsize and the certain loss of all our instru- ments, made us all very tired, and we were glad to find a convenient little beach where wo landed about lip. m., and bivouacked for the night. Wo had made, in the three hours of toilsome paddling, about one and a half miles. In tho early morning we were again under way, and arrived about 9 a. m. at a good l.anding-placo on the western shore, which was opposite a point on tho eastern shore previously determined, by triangulation from tho sextant position l)efore mentioned, to be, approximately, in latitude 49°. There we landed our effects, and near by, on a convenient bottom-land. IIEPOKT OP THE CHIEF ASTRONOMElt, APPENDIX A. :n5 set up the observatory, where astronomical work was begun tlie saniu ' 1 evening. On the 24tli I made an exploration up the ravine of a creek which tumbles down between the mountains, west of Station No. 20, with the hope of fmding some accessible points, by means of which a trigonomet- rical connection could bo effected between niy station nnd the Akaminn station — the last station established by the Northwestern Boundary Survey in 1801. The latter is on the main divide of the mountains, and, as I know, only abojit seven miles west of Station No. 20. After several hours of toilsome climbing, I became persuaded that the project was impracticable, and reluctantly abandoned it. The latitude-work was completed, and the stone moimd which marks the boundary-lino erected, on the 2Gth. The instruments, &c., were repacked in the boats the same afternoon, nnd although the wind was blowing almost a gale from the south, making the lake very rough, it was a fair wind for us, and .,11 hands preferred taking the cliances of disaster in the day-time, to risking the possibilities of another night-trip. Wo therefore started about 3 p. m., and by means of square sails extemporized from tent-flies, sped along in quite gall.int stylo. Our unceas- ing efforts were, however, required to keep the crafts before the wind, and tolerably free from water. The surf was running very high upon the beach near camp, and I greatly feared the danger of capsize in the attempt to liuul there, for which there was no alternative; but this calamity was averted by several of my men, who from the shore were anxiously watching our prog- ress. They appreciated the situation, and making into the breakers, at exactly the proper moment, seized each boat, as she arrived in shoal water, and bore her upon the wave-crests, high and dry upon the beach. Immediate preparations were made for the march eastward, which was begun next morning, August 27. The geodetic and topographical work, I gave into the hands ot my assistant, Mr. Lewis Boss, who, laboring under many difficulties, rapidly and accurately performed it. As soon as boat No. 1 was completed, ho used it to transport himself, men, and instruments, from point to point on the lake, until we were ready for our trip to Station No. 20. He accom- I ! 'i 316 UNITED STATK8 KUUTUEUN UUUNDAUY CUMMIS8IUN. panied mo thoro, and finished his work by the same means, during the tiniu that I was busy at the station. Though the boat was more manageable when not loaded down with freight, it was yet very unwieldy, and could be propelled but slowly with great expenditure of power, and as the lake wus subject to sudden flaws and squalls, crossing it in such a craft, was not only difficult but a matter of considerable concern as to safety. The geodetic work consisted of a base-line, 1,199.2 feet long, several times carefully measured with a chain, and twenty-four triangles dei)cndent upon it, whose angles were measured, by repetitions, with a six-inch Negus theodolite, reading by verniers to thirty seconds. The azimuth of the base-line was determined, by observations o*" PolariH near eastern elongation, on the nights of August 18 and 19, to bo 0° 51' 36". There were taken at each of the twenty-one trigonometrical stations occupied, numerous horizontal and vertical angles to prominent mountain- peaks, by means of which twenty such peaks have been platted, and their elevations above the lake determined. Tiie topography is laid down from continuouf; shore-line skel:clies, and numerous profile sketches made at the various stations. The accompanying sketch shows, on a scale of 55;^, the scheme of triangulation accomplished, and, incidentally, the heights above the lake of the mountjiin-peaks located. The height of the lake-surface was determined, barometrically, to be four thousand two hundred and thirteen feet above the sua. From the mean of numerous differences between the true bearings of triangulatiou-lines and the compass-bearings of the same, the magnetic variation was ascertained to be east 23° 19'. CHRONOMETER PERFORMANCES. In connection with my work during the seasons of 1873 and 1874, observations with the sextant, for local time, were made at nineteen points on the boundary-line where longitudes wero afterward determined. The chronometers used were subject to conditions similar to tliose which gene- U.S. NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION / »«■„■ / j I "'■" \ lit* f ( A»\>*" .-.v' SKKTCMJ SlIOWINC TRIANGULATION CHIEF MOUNTAIN. LAKE •«« \' Kill Iter \ JVak O^IM IU6U I. REPOllT OF THE CBIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX A. 317 rally pertain to those expeditions of exploration or survey which, from the nature of the country traversed, can use wagons as their means of trans- portation. Tiieroforo, if the longitudes of these points were accurately known, we should have data for estimating', with considerable acc^uracy, within what probable limit of error chronometric differences of longitude are reliable, when obtained with similar instruments used imder similar circumstances. Unfortunately, the longitude of any station is possibly in error to an amount sufficient to largely increase such estimate, but as it does not probably exceed, at any station, five or six seconds of time (l' = 999.75 feet in latitude 49°), there are still data affording some interesting comparisons with chronometer-longitudes. We may also satisfactorily ascertain how the chronometers were per- forming at various stages during the ])rogress of the work, inasmuch as only the difference of the errors of the accepted longitude of consecutive stations enters to affect the determination of the traveling rates between those stsi- tions, and this is inappreciable, in comparison with the possible errors of rates derived from observations with the sextant, made at short intervals of time. The great and frequent changes of temperature to which the chronom- eters were subject, and the incomplete record of the same, the necessarily rough method of transj)ortation, and tlio method employed to obtain rates, all combine to preclude refinement in the discussion of results; but I know of no expedition which covers so great an extent of time and travel, where the checks are as good, and this has induced me to elaborate the accompa- nying tables. The chronometers used are enumerated in the tables. Nos. 1481 and 1513, Negus, were new instruments, purchased by the commission in 1S7.'5. They were swung in gimbals. 1.'119, Negus, was the property of the Navy Department, and was not a new instrument. 2i35, Bond, was an old instru- ment, formerly used on the survey of the northwestern boundary-line. The last two were in ordinary leather cases. All were habitually trans- ported from station to station in a four-spring wagon, generally, in IST.'t, incased in a '^otton-padded box, but in 1874, under the care of an assistant, on the cusiiioned seat of the wagon. In camp, they were kept in the PI Hi I } >' .% 318 UNITED STATES NORTDERN DOUNDARY COMMISSION. observatory tent, where tliey were free from disturbance, but subjected to greater ranges of temperature than obtained in the open air; the mininuim temperatures in the tent and outside being about the same, whih;, on hot days, the maximum in the tent exceeded, by several degrees, that of tlio open air. It was usual to compare the chronometers daily at noon, for which time the corrections were deduced when sun-observations for time were made east and west at corresponding hour-angles. When the observations were made at night, or only east or west, they were compared at the time of observation. The longitude of Station No. 1 was determined telegraphically by an officer of the British Commission working at that station, in connection with an observer at the Chicago Observatory. From this is deduced that of the succeeding stations, including No. 19, by means of the chained distances along the line between stations. The longitude of Station No. 20, and our determination of the longitude of Akamina Station, depend upon traverse- lines connecting them with the British Station, marked on the joint maps No. 38. The longitude of Akaraina Station, so determined, differs from the result obtained by the astronomers of the Northwestern Boundary Survey, by the method of lunar culminations, by 2 1 seconds of time, the latter being the greater. The longitude of the meridian-line traced by Lieutenant Greene from the boundary-line to Fort Shaw, Montana, is less than the longitude of the same derived from the land-survey determination of their principal meridian near Fort Shaw by 8.0 seconds of time. Transportation of chronometers from Fort Shaw to Bozeman, Mont., of which the longitude is known by telegraph, gave a longitude for our meridian-line 4.1 seconds of time greater than the boundary-determination of the same. Taking into consideration all of the circumstances attending the various determinations (for details of these longitudes sec Lieutenant Greene's re- ])ort), I think we may safel}' say that the error in the accepted longitude of any station does not, in oil probability, exceed the amount stated. Table I gives the errors of the chronometers on Washington time for ( ; REPORT OF THE CDIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX A. 319 the dates and stations recorded in columns 1 and 2. There are also given the maximum and minimum open-uir temperatures for various dates during the seasons. Those weio recorded from themiometers hung near the tent in which the chronometers were kept, except for dates September 7, 8, and 12, which are from the record.; of Wood End Depot. Table II shows the rates of the chronometers derived from observa- tions on dates given in column 1, which are so selected as to show rates when the chronometers were stationary and traveling alternately. The sources of error in these rate-determinations are the difference of the errors in longitude of consecutive stations, which enters directly into the traveling rates, but is probably very small, and the algebraic sum of the errors of the chronometer-corrections for the two dates from which the rates are derived, which is diminished proportionately to the number of days intervening between the dates of the observations from which the rates were determined. I do not think that the error of observation, in any case, is as much as two seconds, as the observations were usually made at corresponding hour- angles east and west, or with a sextant whose eccentricity had been care- fully determined. The results do not show any decided changes of rates, from stationary to traveling, and vice versa ; they are probably .small, and are obscured by the error mentioned. Tlie general rates for the seasons were quite well preserved until the time o*' low mean temperatures. For instance, during the season of 1873, to the last of August, and of 1874, the season-rate of any chronometer does not differ from any rate given for it in the table by more than O'.S in 1873, and 1".2 in 1874, reaching those limits only in single instances. In 187;!, however, the rates of chronometers 1319, 1481, and 235, for September, dilTer from their rates of the rest of the season by 2'.4, 1".G, and 2'.G, respectively, and the rates of the last half of September, from the same, by 3".G, 2".8, and 3".r), respectively. The reason for the very large losing rates during September, 1873, is obvious from an inspection of the temper- atures to which they were then subject. There have been many discussions of the effects upon the rates of well- -.1 iff 1 j return them to the starting-point, or to arrive with them at some point of which the longitude is known, and by means of the differences of chronometer-errors at the starting and terminal points, the difference of longitude between the two points, and the elapsed time, to deduce a daily rate, which is assumed to have been uniform during time of travel, by means of which intermediate points are fixed in longitude. To make a case nearly similar, I use the data of Table IV, and rates for 1873 deduced from the observations of Juno 7 and 8, and August 31, and rates for 1874 derived from the dates July 5.3, and August 13.3, as given in Table II. There result the chronometer-longitudes given in Table V, which, as was to be expected, agree generally better with the accepted longitudes than do those of Table IV, excepting of course Stations 10, 11, and 12, where low tenjperatures prevailed. N u 21 III V" 111 322 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. Tho mean of tho differences between the accepted longitudes and the longitudes of the stations by eithQr of tho mentioned methods, or between the latter, excepting the last three stations of 1873, is less than two seconds of time, and tho greatest difference, at any station, only reaches five seconds, the same stations excepted. If we suppose that the mean error of the accepted longitude increases • the mean differences mentioned by two seconds, and that tho greatest error at any station increases the greatest difference by six seconds, which is tailing tho most unfavorable combinations possible, we have, for the mean error of the chronometer-longitudes of stations, four seconds of time, and for the limit of error, eleven seconds, or, in latitude 49", about four-fifths of a mile and two miles respectively. BEPOUT OF THE CHIEF ASTHOKOMER, APPENDIX A. 323 Table I. Errors of Chrofwmeters on Washington time. Statlou. Kui'l PembiUA No.fl 3 3 3 8 S 5 S i 6 S 5 7 7 7 7 7 9 tf 9 10 ID 10 10 II II 13 1» 11 Station. Umo. 18711. Jddb it 7 8 10 li u; ir> 17.17 su VJ :io July 1 9 Vt 15 30 Ang. 1 a (1 7 18 1!) •J!l 30 31 4.3 n 6 7.01 l.'). l:i 17.34 ai sa saot Sfpt No. 13 13 u 14 14 15 15 10 Ifl 17 17 Depot Camp No. 18 19 SO 90 Sweet-grau IlilU. D.ite. 1874. Joly 5.3 8.3 10.3 10.8 l'J.4 1.1.4 SO. Il.'i SA 3 S.-i. 4 S9.0 Ang. 3 8 l;i..">5 18.4 S.'i. 1 Sept 1.4 Menn timo • 111'. 131U, Ne^tiR &('o. h. m. I S3 1 84 1 34 1 35 1 25 1 80 1 37 8;i. 5 0-i. 1 o:i.4 00. 3 10. n III I) 2V! I< 37.1 43. « 41.3 4J.8 Ml. 5 .Vi. 5 f>8. (10.3 lr<.3 31.0 •.'.■i. 3 •J!', ,'. V.I. S 54. ri7. II 33. !l 3.-1. 1 U(i. 3 41.4 30. 3 4.-I. 4H.3 13. I SI. 3 ;». 8 U.I 80.3 Rlilcn-ol clir. 14CI, Nvgnii ii Co. Slow. h. ffl. (. 1 16 3&4 30.0 Si). 3 38.7 38. 34. 3 13.0 07.1 07. « 04.0 03.0 50. 5 5,V7 30. 3 31.3 34. 5 38.0 50. 3 14.8 13.7 00 8 0O3 58.4 .'iH. 4 Kl. 57 57.3 .10. 4 51. 5 .'i7. 8 00.3 13.3 Rlderrnl chr. -.iW IloDil&Soli. Slow. Dute. jAir trinp4*r. aturuH. I Max. Min. .!_ 41.7 41.3 43.0 45.1 40.5 .10.9 33.9 33.0 87.3 sas 80.8 83.9 17 6 18.4 80.3 10.1 JI.5 00.7 10.7 13.8 i:i.o 14.0 30.3 83.9 33. 8 30. I 47.0 .v.. 3 01.0 18.0 1873. Juno 15 10 17 18 19 80 SI 83 89 30 July 1 8 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 13 13 14 1.-. 10 30 31 Aug. h. m. 9 08 i. 00.9 08.0 115 13. 14.9 16.5 80.3 33.8 36.0 89.5 3\ 3 36.3 37. 3 44.3 Siderral I chr. 1513, Noun a &Co. Slow. h. m. •. 1 47 40.1 40.8 41.0 41.,'. 41.9 .10.8 37. 7 30. 3-1.8 31i. 5 31.3 SO. 3 S4. 1 lti.8 11.7 05.4 1 47 Siden-nl chr. 235, Bond &. Son. Fnat. A. m. r 55 47.9 47.4 48.8 40.7 40.8 51.8 54.4 4.V0 4.'.. 8 50.3 53. 3 58.1 55 5'<.8 Date. 1874. July 6 8 11 13 16 17 18 19 S3 &I S< Date. 1873. Aug. 9 19 11 13 19 80 31 83 S3 34 85 80 88 S9 30 31 Sept 4 5 71 HJ 131 15 10 17 SO 81 33 83 84 85 a« 87 88 89 AlrtempiT- ntut'i-N. Max. Uln. Alrt- mpiT. aturcs. Max. Min. o 98 60 101 CO nil 45 98 44 98 51 03 50 03 57 89 rA 88 31 87 38 80 .50 b9 56 Airtemper. Date. ntures. Max. Min. 1874. July 85 85 46 30 84 SO 31 84 48 Aug. 1 81 49 8 HO 48 8 79 54 » 85 40 10 85 50 14 76 45 15 77 36 10 77 33 Sept. 3 105 S5 324 UN1T£D STATES NOBTHEBN fiOGNDABY GOMMI8SION. Table II. Daily rates. OnMik Umn llmi! cbr. I3IU, PIdrmil cbr. I4rl, NettuaftCo. 187a I JuuHlllnS.. Jull«8tolll.| 16. Jilue la. 16 ' »« 17. 17. 1 June IT. 17 , tuM. { Jniia 17. 17 III 90. Jnue iM to July IJ. June iri to July IS. July ISIoM July 30 to Anr.7. Anv. 7tulg AuR.lSioJI Auu. Jl to H<'|ll. 4. 3. Bi'pl. 4.3 to St'fit. 7. 04 to in. 13. S<'|>t. 1.M3 l(> 17. 34. St-nt. 17. 34 to 81. Sl'lit. 81 10 li». 04. I.alomnii 1. 7 kMlUK a. 3 lualug 1.6lMlng . 8 losing 1. alonlng ], 4 luiilug a.9lniilnK 3. .'i liming 3. i IudUiK a. S lacing 3. loilnii S. S loaing 4. 3 loalnc 3. D losing 1. 7 losing June a to Aug. 31. Jnno 8 to ' Aug. 31. June » to I a. 3 lusing Si-|it aa 04. Aug. 31 tu svpt. 'le. 04. i Sept. 13.13 toa8.04. I I 4. a losing 5. a losing Blilrrrsl cbr. a .1, DoDil tL Son. 1.4gnlnlnt! 0.3 gaining 0.0 gaining 1. 3 galulng 0. gaining 1. 3 gaining 1.3 galulng 1. 1 gaining 1. 3galuliig 0. Ognlulnn 0. 4galiilng 0.8 gaining L 9 losing 0. 8 loaing a. 1 losing 1. 1 gaining 0.7 gaining 0.5 losing 1.7 losing 0. 3 loaing 0.5gtiluiug 0.3gatnlng 0.0 gaining 0.4 gaining 0.4galuiug 0,4 gaining U. 4 Insliig 1. 3 liming 1. 3 timing 1.5 losing 4. 9 losing a. a losing 3. 8 losing Travrllog or stii. tlbuary. 8. T. T. T. H. S. T. H. 0. 3 gnlulng T. H. T. 8. T. 8. T. .1. T.andS. T. and 8. 0. 3 losing ' T. and S. 3. 3 losing 3. 8 losing T. and S. T. and 8. Dates. Urao lime I cbr. 1319, Nvgnsfclfi). Sidereal obr. IS13, KoguaACo 1871. July N3 to K 3. July 8.3 to lU.a. July I0.at4i l'J.4. July 18:4 to IS. 4. Jnly IS. 4 to 8)1.33. Julv 80. 33 III sa. 3. Julv -.18. a to W. 4. July as. 4 to July 89 to Aug. 3. Aug. a to 4 . Aug, 4 ton.. Aug. 8 to i:l ,u. Aug. 13.93 til la 4. Aug. 18. 4 to Aug. as. I to S.'pt 1.4. July ,1.3 to Aug. l:l.s.1 Julv ^3 to Si'pt. 1. 4. 3.0 losing 3.0 losing l.t loaing 0. i losing a 8 liiaing 1.9 loaing 0.7 loaing i. losing 1.6 losing 0. S loaing 0. 3 loHlng 1. a losing 1. 1 losing 0. 3 losing 0. 3 losing Ol 4 losing 0. T gaining a 4 gnlulng 0. 7 losing &0 0. 9 gaining 1. 3 gaining 1. Ogalnlng 1. 3 gaining 0.5 gaining a9galning 0.8 gaining 0.9 gaining 0.5 gaining 0. 6 gaining Riderral cbr. a:is, OondAHoD. TravrllDg or MIA- tloDwy. 0. 3 loaing 0.7 gaining 0. i gaining 0.7 gaining 0.5 gaining 0.0 1. 1 gaining I.SgalnIng 1.3gaining 9.0 0. 3 gaining & T. & T. 8. r. 8. T. 8. T. T. T. T. 8. T. T. nud S. T. and 8. Dates. 1S73, JnneH to July 4 ... Jnly4t tionary. T. and R. T. ami S, T. anil a. T. and 8. X. and 8. T. and S. T. nnd S. T. and S. T. and 8. T. and 8. T. and 8. FORT PEMBINA. Temperature. Uontb. Mean. lB73-'74. November . December.. January . ■ ■ 15. GS 6,7U - 3.17 Max. VAo. -35 -27 -44 ■Hn BEPOKT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX A. 325 Table III. Weekly mte», 1873. No. of ohronoBMUr. nig. 1481. 83S TmnpentiurMi MHlmnm Mlolicam \ -e.3 +8.8 I. -H.a + 1.9 - 11.7 -U.S +11.9 8 (I0-,10) +5.U -10.7 + 0.4 m 47 c-a a"* -Il.O + 3.3 + .1.0 o W 3a -7.3 +l).4 +ao o eg 3i < KM I. -Il.O -)• (1.7 + 0.1 o U5 33 -11.7 + 0.3 + S.5 o U.'i 40 -18.4 + 7.5 + 4.3 o ea 4H D t. -U.0 + 8.8 Ko. of ohronomttor. I31S 1481 «35 Tompenitam! Untmiim Mlnimam f. -14.4 + 7.S - 3.6 o 04 38 f. -It). 9 + a.0 - D.O o 70 S3 Is -11.7 + !S.3 -11.3 o 73 33 -31. 3 -0.9 -83.7 Is I. -51.0 -i:io -31.3 o 79 14 it r -51.0 -13.0 -31.3 a t. -7.3 I-II.9 \- S.0 f. 43.7 9.11 37.9 u p 1 pi Jgsi 17.7 0.3 14.4 "WeeMy rateH, 1874. Na of ohnaomotcr. S s s s i Si S CI i et & s 8 5 1 c* >» 1 a t. s i -3 ■a •s ■a p p D .s fc~ 13 fcSS^ ►» 1? ►» ►? . <. : : «. <. : I3J9 -13.8 - 1.8 + 1.9 -4.7 til -7.1 +0.8 —0.4 -0.9 -2.3 +1.7 -t-5.0 -n.6 t2:S iao "+6.0 -13.8 - 1.8 -«.3 11.5 9.1 3 1 1513 9.T5 Tomperatomt Uaxlraam 101 44 98 SO 89 S7 84 48 85 48 83 33 UlDlmain M NoTK.— Tbo eign + iDdicntog a xalning, and — a losing rate. 326 UNITED STATES KOUTBEBN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. Taolb IV. Jitlative LoHgitudei of Slationi, by Chronometert from Fort Pembina, and by Chain from Station No. 1. '■%'. Hlltloo. Dita. I IHTI, Vort Fumkiua (flog-iitafri Juno 3 Rale n. S 8t/itlonNa. 9.. 10 Rfttes IM at Fort Pcnibln*. U.B.fttjtlluii Kn, 3 .... Mimel'J I IV. lA I n. It It>l« I V. 8. Blatiiin No. S I Jan« •!» I M July IS n»i« ' 0,8. BtatiuD No. T. Knte U.S St* lion No. a... Hot« V. a SUIioa No. 10. . . Kat» U.S.8lalioD,No. II.... Hiite U.8.8iaUonNaia. July 30 Aug. 7 Auic. IS 30 8apl. i.d 7.04 Sent. l\ 13 17. :m Septal U.S. Station No. 13 «... July S.3 8.3 lute U. 8. Station No. 14 . . . Rata n.asinlinn No. IS. Rate XT. 8.StitiunNu. 1(1 Rate n. 8. Station No. 17 . July 10.3 \±4 .Tn\y l.'i. 4 80. 3S Rote Depot (JaiDp Sweet- liraiia Ilills. n. 8 SlatloD No. IB . luly W.S SJ. < July M Aug. a n. S. SUtlon Na ID . Cniup near Sweet.gniu um». U.S. .Station NaiM Rate . Aug. 4 Aug 8 Aug. laa Sept 1.4 Aug. le. 4 tU.1 CorreotloB to local llisa. Mean timo ohr. 1311), Ni'gna & Co. m. «. 3 3:i.H ti I. n + 1 S0.4 + PS4.S + 4(t5 Lolling s. 3i - a 35.7 - a I'X n Loalni I. *l - Vi «\ 9 - II .'i4.0 Loaing 1.41 - ix tll.'i - 17 50. I t^mlnir 9. (1 - ill 10. 9 - ill (14.0 LoHlnir 3. 4rt - t» (III. .'S - it a. M L<»lug .■■. 40 - !» 30. - (I 57. 93 + 7 0.V (19 LoeJDg tl. 14 + 3 .Vi 7 4- 3 SS.I Loaing I. (10 10. 4 - 4107 Loaing 0. 79 - 3 4:i. 4 - 3 41.33 Losing 0. C8 - 7 30. 9 - 7 31. 1 LoaIng 1. 45 - 8 57. 5 Ratea - 10 4a 73 lUtea aa at Sla - 14 33.1 ) No rompari* < Sidereal cbr. I4i4l, Negua It Co. - 4 (II. 30 - 4 I'ilD OaluinK 1.4 - i i».\a 7«)iM (r.o(igitudeof H LosgitudeofF - 7 8A.n» Gaining 1. 01 - II 14.1 - II 31. :M (Jaining 0.91 - 33 0:i. 4H - 83 13. Art Gaining 1.96 - SO 17. .'lO.'i - 3;i 33. IM (lalullig 1.31 - 31 II..VJ - 33 13.(17 Oalnlntf n. 43 - 37 4(1. (l.'fe - ;i7 43. 5 Loe'ng I.Rt - 41 4U.UX4 Sid. chr. 1913, Negua k Co. - 13 43. 70 - 13 43 CO Loaing 0.3:1 - Ill Sil. 90 - 10 98. 37 Loeing 0. 409 - 31 44 3H - 31 4U. 4 Gaining 0.43 - 94 49. C9 - 81 ^0. 10 Gaining 0.09 - 99 9.V 3 - 80 00. 9 Gaining 1. 3 - 30 3(1. » aa at Station - 3a3l.7d lion No. 17. - 30 10. b4 - :iO 49. 4 - 40 04. 47 - 43 iNo compar.) iaon. ^ -13 13 17.6 -13 13 33.11 Gaining I 13 -13 13 49.4 No. 17. -13 15 47.03 -13 19 39. 7 } No (»tnpaii< } ao •I Vi in t.itlon No. I ort I'enibln m. «. I 40.33 1 44.36 I 4.\33 I l^7^ 1 18.13 I 114.44 3 4:1. :io 3 .19. 09 3 3H. 36 3 411. 38 10 13 88 10 18.47 10 07. 98 10 1:1.11 44. 14 9(1. 10 « .1:1. 81 n 49. 17 3 3.1. 07 3 3:1. 01 3 33. 0:1 U. 3 :i:l. 37 4 8:1. 38 4 :.0. (.0 4 3.'i. 49 M. 4 30.40 4 0.\ 40 4 04. 47 4 10.69 M. 4 00. 83 M. 3 18.49 3 17.70 3 19, 10 M. 3 ia43 4 4.'>, 93 4 47, 13 4 41. .V) M. 4 4.'>. 73 3 01. 03 3 03.09 U. 3 03. 09 4 01.78 4 04.83 M. 4 0:l .30 I 90. 94 I 9.1.60 I 3-.. 01 I 35.13 1 .'i7.:l9 1 .IS. 08 1 X\. 10 1 .11. :« 3 93 .19 3 47.90 3 40. F13 3 43.1X1 M. Longltndn weat al WaablogtoD. n.v chro- nouieter rroia Furt Pembiu*. liVtelegrapU a Oag-aUir km. a, 1 33 38.18 1 33 46.96 1 37 11.78 I .17 30. 88 1 48 03.03 1 33 89. 00 I M 39. 04 ■ 04 41.34 3 09 80.96 8 18 89.01 S 10 38.01 3 17 58.04 3 33 4L38 3 17 56. 94 9 91. 95 i 3 37 SI. 49 Ily rhain ft um Slal'n No. 1. A. m, «. I m 43 04\ I 80 43.77 I 1 r* 87. 04 1 37 34.80 1 44 38. '•« 1 48 00, 88 1 93 37.04 I 36 37, 8 8 01 83. 83 3 04 40, 33 3 08 84. 13 3 13 98. 01 8 10 :ll.77 S 17 .16. 17 i 33 41.81 3 17 91.07 'Initial atatioQ for obrooometer loug'.tndoa 1874. BBPOltT OP TAB CDIBF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX A. Taole V. 327 ina. 1874. A, m. •. 1 IW U TT 1 « 111 1J 1 III 47. 91 1 87 INI l>.l 1 37 41. :i< 1 44 :ii. :is 1 4ri 0.1. 40 1 .^a «i .''7 I M in. u LnniiUudK, Blallnn Nn. n ClirmwUDtar-louKltudo, HMtion No. 1 1 No. 13 Nil in No 17 PdlHilCnmii i BUUui) No. In 1 Nil. Ill ... C»inp,RiminilKTl.4 filatiou Nu. UU h. fit. t. II 01 mi M a 01 ;r.i .'iT a no ai. .vj a u a7. .11 a 10 :i0. Fit a 17 Ml. iti a 111 .VI o« a i;:i 4i.a:i a 17 !>.\ Ml a ar in. no Cbnmuuietar-lanfllua*, hUUou N«. II rio. •! Va. 5 No. 1 Nil, » Nu.10 N.I.II Kalil Vote.— RmuIU obtninnd br imIdr uniform ntM for ths wiMoni. jAUUa V miKiioiiv, Oaf tain v/ Unginttrt. ; I M i h. APPEKDIX B ^0 REPORT OF CAPT. W. J. TWINING. CORPS OF ENGINEERS, CHIEF ASTRONOMER. 339 m REPORT OF FIRST LIEUT. F. V. GREENE, UNITED STATES ENGINEERS. United States Nohtuekn Boundary Commission, Washington, D. C, June 30, 1876. Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith the following report of the work done under my charge, upon the survey of the boundary-line of the United States, from the Lake of the Woods to the Rocky Mountains. I am, sir, very respectfully, j-our obedient servant, F. V. GREENE, First Lieutenant of Engineers. Capt. Wm. J. Twining, United States Engineers, Chief Astronomer PKELIMINARY. By Special Orders No. 131, War Department, Adjutant-General's Office, Juno 7, 1872, I was "detailed for duty upon the joint commission for the survey of the boundary-line along the forty-ninth parallel, in nccordiuice with the act of Congress approved March 19, 1872," and was directed to report in person to the Adjutant-General. By letter of July 2, 1872, thai officer directed me to report to the Department of State, which I did, by letter, on the 3d of July, and in reply received a letter, dated Gth July, 1872, from Charles Hale, Acting Secretary of State, directing me to report to Maj. F. U. Farquhar, Corps of Engineers, then Chief Astronomer of the Commission. I did so on the same day, and have since been continuously 331 i r i;5 iihii II , .^^ iM 1 ^x ^1 ill ill 332 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. I, ,i on duty with the Commission, and under the orders of the Chief Astrono- mer. The poilion of the survey intrusted to me in the field comprised the immediate charge and direction of the parties enfja^ed upon geodetic and topographical operations, and the making of reconnaissance-surveys of all routes passed over by these parties, outside of the belt of more accurate surveys. The geodetic work was that necessary to establish and mark the forty-ninth parallel between adjacent astronomical stations; the topograph- ical work was to survey a belt not less than five miles in width, on the United States side of the boundary. In the office, I have had the immediate charge, under your general supervisioii, of the preparation of all the maps of the Commission. Before describing these operations in detail, I deem it proper to give a short naiTative of the various seasons' work. This, however, will be limited to the most concise statement of the movements of my parties, and will not include any description of the country, or account of the many details which make up "plains experience," such as means of supply, lack of wood and water, troubles from prairie-fires, hail and snow storms, &c. Although habitually separated from the parties of other officers, and acting under general instructions only, yet, on the whole, I passed over nearly the same ground as yourself and Captain Gregory, whose experiences were also about the same as my own, and whose reports, doubtless, give complete information on these points. I shall, however, subsequently speak more in detail of the monument on the summit of the Rocky Mountains, and of the swamps of the Boseau country, as I was the only officer of the United States Commission who visited those localities. SEASON OF 1872. By direction of Maj. F. U. Farquhar, then Chief Astronomer of tho Commission, I left Washington on tho 1st of August, for Pembina, Dak., charged with the safe transportation of all the instruments for the survey, contained in thirty-two boxes. Mr. Lewis Boss, assistant astronomer, accompanied me. Our route was via New York and Buffalo, by steamer through the lakes to Duluth, and thence to Pembina by rail and boat Wo i '-'.'■ i ■Jtirtiii ill Till REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX B. 33a arrived at Fort Pembina on the 17th of August, with the instruments in good order, and began observations with tlio sextant and chronometers to establish an .approximate latitude and longitude for the initial point of the survey. The rest of the commission arrived overland on the 5th of Septem- ber, and the regular work of the season was then begun. While encamped on the Red River, I made a topographical survey with theodolite and chain of the Red River, from the boundary-line to a point five and a half miles south of it. This was done mider Captain Gregory's direction, between the 10th and 20th of September. On the departure of the commissioner and other officers of the commission for the Lake of the Woods, October 2, I was left at Pembina with a p.arty of twenty-five men, with instructions from Major Farquhar to trace a tangent line eastward until I niet a British party coming west. By the Cth of November I had reached the Roseau River, thirty-three miles from Pembina, without seeing any signs of a Brit- ish party, and on the 9th I received an order from Major Farquhar to return at once to Pembina. There I reported to Captain Gregorj', and returned to the States with him. In the office at Detroit, during the winter of 1872- '73, the topographical work of the summer was plotted and drawn. SEASON OF 1873. The organization for this j-ear comprised a tangent party and two lopogi'aphical parties, under Mr. F. Von Schrader (succeeded in September by Mr. C. L. Doolittle) and Mr. A. Downing, in all about fifty men. Mr. L. Chauvenet acted as recorder and conqiuter for azinnilh observations, and, owing to the pressure of topographical work, a stadia party was organ- ized for him. From September 1 to October 13 I was accom])anied by an escort of twenty-five cavalrv-men under command of Lieut. R. II. L. Alex- ander, Seventh Cavahy. W> h' • au work at Pembina on the 8th of June, and continued it without interruption intil the 3d of October; over two weeks (9th to 2,')th August) having been devoted to cutting a sight-line in Turtle Mountain. On the 3d of October we were at the British astronom- ical station, three hundred and eighty-four miles from Pembina, with tho geodetic and topographical work completed up to that point. The lateness of the season and scantiness of supplies on hand precluded the idea of ' ii: 334 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. finishing the topography of the twenty-four miles intervenin;^ between us and Captain Gregory's most westerly station, and on the 4th of October I turned eastward. At the supply depot on the Mouse River I found, Octo- ber 13, your letter directing me to follow on to Fort Tottcn. I took a route along the Mouse River on its southern bend, in order to make a reconnais- sance of its course. Leaving this river after it had turned to the north, I struck eastwardly, across the burnt prairies and salt lakes, for Fort Totten, reaching that post October 22. On the 24th, yourself and the astronomical parties left for Fort Seward and the States, and on the 25th I left for Fort Pembina, under your instructions, to complete the survey of the boundary between the Lake of the Woods and Red River. During the winter, Mr, 0. S. Wilson was assigned to me as recorder and computer, in place of Mr. Chauvenet. A full account of this winter's work will be given in another place. We reached Fort Pembina on the 29th of October, and returned there, on the completion of the survey, on the .Oth of February, 1874. About half of the men were discharged here, and with the balance I marched to Breckenridge, and there took the cars to Saint Paul, where the parties were disbanded on the ICth Feln-uary. On the 20th of February I reported to you in the ofiice at Detroit, with my assistants and records. Before leaving Pembina I sent Foreman Kennedy, with three men and two dog-sleds, to Turtle Mountain, to construct the mounds which we had been obliged to leave unbuilt during the summer, the Uritish cutting not being completed until October 5. They performed this service, and reached Saint Paul March 5. The office- work, at Detroit, was continued from March 1 to June 1, 1874. Jlr. Doolittlo and Mr. Wilson were engaged in adjusting the stadia- lines; Mr. E. J[ahlo and Mr. V. T. McGillycuddy in ])lotting and diaught- ing. Mr. Downing was obliged by private business to leave the survey from March to November, 1874. During our absence in the field the following summer Mr. Mahlo was left in the office engaged in draughting. REPORT OP THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX B. 335 SEASON OF 1S71. The organization for this year comprised a tangent-party, three topo- grapliical parties, under Messrs. Doolittle, McGillycuddy, and Wilson (in addition to tlie latter's duties as recorder), and a party of mound-buildors — in all, counting scouts and teamsters, about seventy men. Mr. B. Vitzthum was attached to my party as draughtsman. The escort, under command of Capt. E. R. Ames, consisted of Companies E and I, Sixth Infantry, and twelve Indian scouts. Tho greater part of E Company was detached Au- gust 1. Tho various working-parties and their escorts left Fort 13uford on tho 21st of July, following tho Benton trail up tho Missouri. On tho 2fith my parties and escort left the main column near the mouth of Poplar River and struck northward along that stream. At the principal forks I detached Messrs. Doolittle and McGillycuddy, with their parties and a small escort, to follow and reconnoiter the west fork, myself, with the other parties, fol- lowing tho east fork. The east fork brought us, June 29, to Lieutenant Gal- wey's station, where we had concluded work in 1873, and tho next day I moved on to Captain Gregory's station on tho west fork, where Mr. Doolittle arrived tho day after. On tho 1st of July the regular work of the season was begun at four hundred and eight miles from Pembina (the topography at three hundred and eighty-four miles) and it was carried on without interruption until Au- gust 18, when I arrived at your camp on Chief Mountain Lake in the Rocky Mountains, seven hundred and fifty-eight miles from Pembina; the geodetic work was completed to that point, and the topographical and mound parties were a short distance behind. The country beyond being impracticable for wagons, you directed mo to fit out a pack-train, in order to reach tho monument placed on the summit of the Rocky Mountains by the Northwest Boundary Commission in 18G0. We left Chief Mountain Lake on the 20th, and reached Akamina Station, near the summit, on the 23d, the distance being over forty miles by the trail, although only seven in a direct line. Mr. Wilson carried a stadia-line from Chief Mountain Lake over the divide, by tho Kootenay Pass, and connected it on known points of the British traverse caniod ivlong the KIshenehn Valley to Akamina Station, in 1860. This connected the sum- !J •ii : is jiUiPIl ^'=^1 336 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. I ;! mit-monument with that on Chief Mountain Lake. After completing the trianguhition about the summit I returned to Chief Mountain Lake, August 28, and devoted the following day to locating the peaks in the neighbor- hood. August 30 we began the return march, and reached the supply- depot at the Sweetgrass Hills September 2. Here my escort was relieved. On the Slst of August, at the British Astronomical Station near Chief Mountain, I niet Mr. Doolittlo, and joining to his party that of the moiind- builders, making their total strength about twenty men, I directed him to follow and reconnoiter the " Riplinger Road," skirting the base of the mountains, to the Blackfoot agency on the Teton River ; thence to march to Benton, via Fort Shaw. He reached Fort Benton, without accident, on the 9th of September. I picked up Mr. McGillycuddy's paity at the Sweet- grass Hills, and with it and the tangent-party, about thirty men in all, I started, September 4, due south, through the Piegan and Blackfoot country, for Fort Shaw, an-iving there September 8. The object of taking this route was to re( onnoiter the country, and, principally, to run a meridian-line to Fort ShaNv for longitude purposes. This line was traced partly by Mr. Wilson and partly by myself From Fort Shaw we marched to Fort Ben- ton, where I reported to you September 1 1 . The next day the whole Com- mission began the boat-journey down the Missouri. During this journey I had charge of the survey of the river, making the astronomical observations myself Messrs. DooHttle and McGillycuddy relieved each other in taking compass-bearings and sketches. We reached Bismarck, Dak., on October 1 . The office-work was resumed on the 1st of November, at Washington, and has been carried on, uninterruptedly, to this date. Messrs. Doolittle and Wilson reduced the stadia-readings and adjusted the co-ordinates of the topographical-surveys between November 1, 1874, and April 1, 187.5. The series of preliminary maps was finished October 1, 1875; photo-lithographic copies were made of each sheet as soon as it was finished. The series of final maps was commenced August 1, 1875, and finished April If), 187G. The series of reconnaissance maps was begun November 1, 1874, and fin- ished February 1, 187G. Special tracings of various sheets have been made from time to time. The ofiice-force has usually compri.sed eight draughtsmen. m m L UEPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX B. 337 SEASON OF 1875. You directed mo to proceed to Fort Shaw and make certain observa- tions there. I left Washington June 30, and, proceeding by way of Salt Lake, reached Fort Shaw July 11. I remained there ten days, and made an extended scries of azimuth-observations on the meridian-line of 1874, of latitude-observations with the sextant at Fort Shaw, and a triangulation to connect the meridian, and consequently the boundary-surveys, with Fort Shaw and the land-surveys. I arrived in Washington, on my return, on September 3. /Summary nfjield-irork. IS B W Number of azimuth Rtntions Number or lutitiule ob8crvatiou8(i«cxtant) Number of timo obBcrvations (sextant) Miles uf taUKent lineH Miles of timber cnttiiiR Nu niber of uioun 3fi.-> 'Jrt 15 58 00 170.5 642 44 542 5.W 807 1,010 0^ O E- B 1 17 la ^ 39 9!) 240 45C. 3 52.3 198 1,287 898 807 a, 50;? This seems to be an appropriate place to acknowledge my indebted- ness to the assistants who liave been associated with me, and to the officers who have commanded my escorts. Messrs. C. L Doolittle,* O. S. Wilson, and A. Downing, have been with me in the office and field for more than two years, including the winter campaign in tlie swamps around the Lake of the Woods. To them I owe my most cordial thanks for their unremitting labors, the excellent character of their work, and their cheerful and ready compliance with all instructions, involving no matter what hardship. Mr. F. von Schradei*t was the principal topographical assistant in 1872 and part of 1873, and rendered excellent service; as did also Dr. V. T. McGillycuddyJ in 1874. Mr. L. Chauvenet • Now Professor of Mathcmuties and Astronomy at Lebigh University, Penn- sylvania. tNow Second Lieutenant Twelfth Infantry, United States Army. X Since TopoRrapher of the Black Hills Expedition, 1875. N B 22 '] 1 11 11 lii J: \ 1 It I fi ! i 338 UNITliD STATES NORTIJBKN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. was recorder in 1873, and showed s( Angle. We met no Indians in the short distance which wo penetrated eastward, but when we came to an impassable swamp, and had to mal " a quarter of a mile of corduroy-road. Captain Harbach at once ordered out his whole company to a.ssist in it. From Juno, 187.^. to March, 1874, 1 was .accompanied by an escort only during September and a part of October. This cavalry detachment was commanded by Lieut. R. 11. L. Alexander, since deceased, who used every effort to assist us. In 1874 my escort was considerably larger, consisting nominally of two companies of infantry and twelve Indian scouts, under the command of Capt. E. R. Ames, Sixth Infantry. I say nominally, because an officer and fifteen men of one of these companies were left at Fort Buford to escort the Commissioner, and did not rejoin their company, and at the Sweet- grass Hills, August 1, the remainder of that company was detached. Cap- tain Ames, however, did everything in his power to facilitate the work of the survey, and I feel the more grateful to him as his interests were entirely opposite to mine. It was essential to the performance of my work that the topographical and mounding pai'ties, three and sometimes four in number, should carry on their operations in rear of my own tangent party, and independently of each other ; and as we were in the proximity of Indians, whose peaceful and honest intentions were at least oi)en to doubt, it was also essential that these parties should each have a small escort. On tho f^mrnw^mrmimvmm I lit a; t 'tU.iillv ''is cm. rri-thcf t, \' iih wlli'l' -• .■, , , , . , ! -at (hji I'vr-t '.otit wivmUf -fi\ <-.. ii.l. .-(!..;.• 'w,|ilfi;ijAiiii's
    '^'P'"''' ' ' ■'fi'XiliJil ihtn.ctl.d'.s n-ij'H J!iii..c .Ueun \r,.|f v»m;\ j-ofiiiivo, '.''*' ' ■ ''! 'veiv <.'tilir(lytiHk\uus, •,:,., ,,. i .d, ;i]dii.iig-li .•(i.(i|.l''lclv i'ii.'liu.' ■, !".•,, (tai'i Anns. |,i!i..Ml ,r :.-iv.al.](' prKiti-.u. A •i" '' '■ • WM ♦It.'t. i\ n ; ;\,(,irc.n:i Mslv hi'tin .: '•\ liy I'j'.'. . 4.-.i;. .J ';( til'; .Hi!• t^fiiu - tv.n ■•.HiM-niiivr !..ti;r>--tj,ui I , ,„i!t| kcc]. iln- Mi.yc-j.js uii syJili itio aMn.n v'K.:^.' uj.. i!kix' vv,,i,!,i i.„; |. ifwn (.:k I ,).|,v.i iu;l.-« tHiavt-.'ii C^ipjuii' (.rf'rcry iHihI \ux^<]: i «hMt( t,i>i. ..;:■,: ■■■■I ■(; 1 f |,|i^i| ,,'! jiliiiii , aiit! i^f. I Uiir ■. > !-' I.,' ti, i ';,]»■ «''■*'<.■ .1. r.i'ji.':; I) his ]),.vv,M i.>;;s-i.;' Ud- pn.f'-ny- W<' ss-- .! -,,.^. l,.|f .i,u i'lui. iiM'i ,it, -iny titn,- p,.H. ■! t:/.,.i,i» ^.;in, _ ') In- qiu'stiuii ni' Mk- rHu- '^1!-* n,-t\v,.v(i ;u. ..rncer Mi .iiiu-jjw of ;i ^urv.-yin!:i-j.;iny iUi.l ih.^ »-!}!.:.< In .oJ> ii-YiKi of ii!^ t'M'ort, is at ixj^t ;i vfv-ti uHc, ;u!-,.vii)o-olii,Hr. will) ui'ifii in;civ,surly (iinct tlic inov.Miit nt;-, Si. jh»^ '■' ' ^ ""< ^liiil ••» '-«' •"l''t> ti' iH'cnrij my i]|)i)rfu at' H w- » ' ' ■ ''kIiioss cxIiiMtHl l>v al! [lie nttii-- i> \\U>, s^.m.- .sot.*!: .i *v.ii, m.?. :« ''1 :;« ! J> v: / ■ffs ^ W.s » ^ftj Ki jH I \ .. I 1 ■1 Iwfi I KliPOKT OF THE CUIEF ASTRONOMliU, APPENDIX B. :]3y s»*^ ■'1' .■ ■* other hand, Captain Ames naturally desired to keep his companies together for discipline, supply, and defense. lie, liowever, yielded to my requests, and sent a detachment, with a non-commissioned olKcer and a scout, with each party, until he soon found his force reduced to fifteen men, and the main body of the escort was over one hundred miles away, and its exact whereabouts unknown. Wo wei'o in this condition on the 18th of July, my ])arties being spread out over a distance of about seventy -five miles, when, on informing Captain Ames of my intention of moving ahead the next da}', he replied that his original instructions from Major Keno were very jjositive, not to separate himself from his detachments by more than forty miles. These instructions were entirely unknown to me, and, although completel}' binding on Captain Ames, jdaced me in a very disagreeable position. A large band of Assiniboines had been encamped, only a few days previous, in the very locality where we then were (Astronomical Station No. 28), and the mail-rider had been chased almost into cimp, only the day before, by a party of Yai:kton Sioux; so that I was taking considerable risk in going- ahead with my party containing only fifteen carbines, and attempting to work on a tangent twenty miles long, without any escort in camp. On the other hand, it was only by the utmost exertions — often working for twenty- two consecutive hours — that I could keep the t.iiigents iij) with the astron- omy, and if 1 waited a week for the detachments to close up, there would be another one hundred miles between Captain (Gregory and myself 1 therefore determined to push on alone, and after bidding good-bye to Cap- tain Ames the next morning, saw no more of him for ten days. I can only repeat that CapUiin Ames sacrificed his ])ersonal inclinations, and did everything in his jjowc. to assist tuu progress of the survey, but tiiat his force was inadequate and iiis instructions too circumscdbed to have alli>wed him to materially aid us in case the I'.idiair-, who hovered about onr trail, had at any time proved troublesome. The (piestion of the rela- tions between an oilicer in charge of a surveying-party and the officer in command of his escort, is at best a vexed one, and particularly so when the surveying-officer, wlio must necessarily di.ect the movements, is the junior, and 1 am glad to be able to record my ar,;M'eciation of the forbear- ance and kindness exhibited iiv all the officers who were d.,t;»'led with me. I 1 I i 340 UNITED STATES NOR.rHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. On my journey from tho Sweet-grass Hills to Benton via Fort Shaw, I was also without an escort, my party numbering twenty-five men and fifteen carbines. Wo passed through the country of the Blackfeet and Piegar.s, and withir? a few miles of the spot where the latter were so terribly punished by Major Baker, in 1870. These Indians followed us, and onco accosted the men at the rear target, but they did not molest us in any way. In closing these acknowledgments, I wish to record my thanks to Capt. L. Wheaton and Maj. J. E. Yard, successively in command, and Lieut. Paul Harwood, Twentieth Infantry, post quartermaster at Fort Pembina, who during the summer of 1872, and the winter of 1873 and '74, constantly extended favors to us. And I particularly wish to express my gratitude to Gen. John Gibbon, commanding, and Lieut. J. W. Jacobs, Seventh Infantry, quartermaster at Fort Shaw. In 1874, 1 was a day and a half, and in 1875 ten days, at their post; during which I was constantly the recipient of their private hospitality as Avell as their official courtesy. Being .nlone in 1875, I was entirely dependent on them for men and transportation to assist in the work I had to do, and these were furnished most kindly and cheerfully. To the officers at Fort Buford I am also indebted for many favors, but as I was only there at the same time as yourself, your acknowledgments naturally supersede mine. i CHAPTEE I. GEODETJO CONNECTIONS. The geodetic operations were those necessary to establish and mark the 49th parallel of north latitude, in the intervals between astronomical stations, which were about twenty miles apart. There are two methods of tracing a curved line — one by means of chords, and the other by tangents and offsets The latter method was ex- clusively employed on this survey. A tangent-line (tangent to prime ver- tical great circle at initial point) was prolonged on the surface of the earth from the meridian of one astronomical station to the meridian of the next, and on each meridian was measured the distance from the tangent to the astronomical determination of the parallel. By the use of proper geodetic formulae the relative positions of the two stations were determined, and the difference between the geodetic and astronomical determinations, including the errors of both, was taken as the " Station-error." The astronomical determinations were regarded as an absolute standaiJ, and the station-error was distributed between the stations in direct ratio to the distance. To fix intermediate points of the parallel, meridional offsets were measured from the tangent, and the proportional part of the station-en-or was included in tliese offsets. I'he successive steps in these operations were; 1. Azimuth-obseivations at initial point. 2. Tracing the tangent-line on the ground. 3. Azimuth-observations at terminal point. 4. Deducing the station-error and computing the offsets for mounds on forty-ninth parallel. 5. Construction of the mounds. The results of these observations are given in full in the details of the tangents. m ! ::i in I 342 UNITED STATES NORTDERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION 1. Azimuth-observations. — The instrument used was a transit-theodolite, made by Wilham Wiirdemann, of Washington. The horizontal limb, eight inches in diameter, was divided to 10', and read to 10" by two verniers; vertical limb (used jirincipally as a finder) was four inches diameter, divided to 20', and read to 1' by single vernier. The spindles of the instrument were of steel, all the other i)arts of brass. There were three foot-screws, a circular level between the standards, and striding-level for the axis of tel- escope. All tangent-screws worked against springs, which was, I think, a serious defect. The telescope was of one and one-half inches aperture, and sixteen inches focal length, eye-piece magni' i'^-^ t"'enty-five times. A 45° prism, fitting in a slot in front of the oye-picf vered the purpose of a diagonal eye-piece. The tripod consisted of thri ilouble legs supporting a solid block of wood two inches thick. This instrument was mounted in the meridian of the astronomical station, and as near as convenient to the mound marking the forty-ninth parallel. An approximate azimuth of 90° was then turned off, from any data available, and on this direction was placed a bull's-eye lantern, firmly fixed to a small post. It was at first cus- tomary to inclose the lantern in a box, but tliis was found unnecessary, for the lantern was generally at a distance of two miles from the instrument, and at that distance the image of the light was about the same as that of a second magnitude star. The true astronomical azimuth of the direction oi this lamp was then observed. The chronometer-error was derived from time-observations with the sextant, taken in the intervals between azimuth- stars. An observing-list of these latter stars was prepared for each month, giving the magnitude, azimuth, altitude, and chronometer time of elongation for each star. The nietho(Ls of observing culminations above and below the pole, and Polaris at any liour-ungle, were both tried, but did not give such good nisults as a series of observations near the time of greatest elongation. The stars most convenient, in July and August, were /? and ;', Cephci, and Polaris, eastern elongation, and ^ and ;'-, Ursaj Minoris, western elongatiim. z/ and A, Ursaj Minoris, and 51 Cephei, although nuicii nearer to the pole, were not used, because the telescope did not define stars below the fourth magnitude with sufficient accuracy. The method used was to take five point- ings on the mark, then five on the star, the time being noted for each; then 1 BEPORT OF THE CBIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX B. 343 revolve the instrument 180° in azimuth, and take five more readings on the star, followed by five on the mark. To each reading on the star was applied a differential azimuth-correction, due to the interval of time from elonga- tion. The mean of the corrected results, with the mean reading on the mark, gave the result for that star. Five stars observed in this manner, and in dil- ferent parts of the divided arc, constituted a good durermination, although three were considered sufficient. The azimuth resulting from each indi- vidual reading was also computed, and these were treated in the usual manner (after applying a coilimation correction) to obtain the probable error of the mean. This varied from dhO".8 to ±4".0 at a station, with a mean of ±l"-8. The average range of forty individual observations was 57".3. With tangent-screws working in ball-and-socket joints, this range can probably bo reduced one-half Level-corrections were at one time applibd, but were soon given uj), in the belief that they only introduced additional error. The length of the striding-level was only six indios, and the value of one division over 4". A sliglit inaccuracy in the grinding of the glass would introduce large errors, and the behavior of the level showed such inaccuracies. Hence the instrument was carefully leveled before each set, and examined afterward, in both positions of the axis. If it had been disturbed in level during the observations, they were rejected. The following fonnuhe were employed : Af = Azinuith of star at elongation. (p = Latitude of station. a =. Right ascension of star. 6 =: Declination of star. 1\ =. Cln'onometer time of elongation. r rr Difference between observed time and T,. p :=. Reduction to elongation. + fast. — slow. S — east. \ -}- west. E =: Chronometer-error L =r Hour ang',»' wi'i?:*! K» 270'' a." 5*'' luiiitis th<' (>h«*.'r». .ir i v,-^iias erjiuil to the di-itajicf' froui iniiiruxitfiit to lutirk A ^.f- ji j^. kxr.i w»s dn'ven iiufl the p(nnt of th.' tan^tnit w:x% luavkvid upon It with a j)onci! po'iif; with rhio nnd the point. ..P ob'i^r- vaii(>:i, tlie dir 'ction was fstahli.jhou, uad tiie duo was prolou '^■d to tao next statiun. tn I'^T'J. w'fh t]if> idi'a of a\OMlijn.f tirrors duo to error ot uoiliru'ttiim, he nn-tli'td i-niphivr-d was* thnt of tvvn front-.i;. !it3, i.i'. tho two t^m-.m ^yi-r- in i\>. .■* insir-miH ui, t?*> niim- distant hi'.inor « aliif' Uh-. .'utvn-.Mrt'r, » njs nit-tho.' '.i aa fiti-.i' rk s<;t- inpi;u'i.,L A littK: u-thi ri.j-i »v-'U ^iliviv , .i hill, it was noc< swiryjo i.d.: \v.i\ ■:• .- , ,i, !.:i«- foot. At fifty tVct iDi ■(•rv-or uf !!. ■ of 2', and this, at a niih.', ;;-!ve3 an ■ no^ thf tanjjeut of 1872, uhiih \va« Jiirtv .' have an azimuth oiTor at it-* cxtiv-ni!, >)» , 44 . It ^\.ar^ t)si-r"f<>ro ontirolv I'i'jert'.'d, and rffra.ed. After )f:T'i n ujiiciotil niethc*rt w. > inn-uif!. ^h thf! ini'thtvi of bncJi ;iud fori! siirhis, (.rollinuitinn-tfiro);* lioiii"" i' n ..at b\ ..nd-. lui an" I th'';io I vtuses ''in h'iii,''th, was fcund t' t^^'s;!'.'' thu moan <»f Uvo polniiiiir:^ it! rcversf'l ini< ! >.i^ tl)(» ?i,verugu axirtnitti error at th'' '■ .un i'Utcr tho hwxl ■-■ and u< t'. 'bi^fr'.'a'l i»t> wholo ii.-i'; .. the ond ot tm ■■■:■■ ■..:■:, \ : once tiio Siipttriority of the .. ;.._. ^;.. .'. , .. - 1"^. W Itf .r '.!*' 1. ■f Il„ V' T\'e 01.1^1 tho ihe t;.!,'^i.-iit, at ; Thici sh'.nva at .ghts. 'Jliu suno LS. NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. USED IN TRACING TANGENTS devised hy Lieut F. V. Greene, u.senc"' SCALt 1 INCH - 1 FOOT J- OO * --- ^±^:^ Hjgra**^' H 1 1i I I UEPOUT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX H. ;i45 instrument, was used for tracing the tangent as for azimuth observations, and the objects sighted on were two targets, one in front and one in roar. Their shape is shown in these drawings. The legs of the tripod were fast- ened to a triangular brass casting, similar to that used on theodolites, and this casting was firmly attached to the under side of the stand A. This stand was made of oak, 24" long, 6" wide, and 1" thick, and was covered, on the upper side and edges, with a thin piece of brass. The target B was of three-eighths of an inch pine, strengthened with light iron braces, and was fastened to a slide, C, of oak, tipped with brass. This slide embraced the stand A, and moved freely along it, thus giving a slight motion to the target; and it could be clamped in any position by the binding-screws D. Through a small hole in the center of the target, passed a cord, from which was suspended a plumb-bob, which could thus be lowered to the stake marking the line. With favorable conditions of the atmosphere, these targets have been distinctly seen and aligned at a distance of over six miles. The rear target was set up over the point where the instrument stood in the azimuth observations. The instrument was set up over the point determined near the mark, and the front target sent ahead with tlu'ee men provided with a telescope — the length of sight depended on the nature of the ground, but was usually about three miles. The telescope was pointed on the rear target, turned on its axis, and the front target ranged approxi- mately into line. Then the target was set up, and slight lateral motion given by the slide until it was bisected by the cross-hair. A point was then marked by the plumb-bob on a cross-piece fixed to a firm stake. The axis of the telescope was then reversed by turning the instrument in azi- muth (owing to the presence of dust, the telescope was never taken from the Y'). The same operation was repeated and another point determined. As it was found impossible to coUimato inside of 3", the two points wer' ,>v >ut ten inches apart for a sight of three miles. The point midway between them was taken as the point of the tangent. The instrument and targets were then moved forward one station and the same operations repeated, and so on to the terminus of the line. ]\[uch time was saved by using the United States Army code, supplemented by a few special signals. The men i 11 11 i r :}4(; ITNITKD rfl\TES NOHTHKlfN UOUNDAUY (COMMISSION. quickly leaniod tho Hystem, and to pivvont any liability to nii.stakt's, each Olio wan provided with a printed card contaiiiiiijr the alpliabit. 'I'lic (la;j;s used were of red dotli, nix foct square, and contaiiiiii. li^'lit, two-wluseled spring-cart was used ff>r this purpose, and to carry the siyii.;l-flays, mcii'st lunches, &c. Occasionally, also, the men at the front target were carried ill a two-horso wagon, thus saving a great deal of time. With these fav■ :*/ * . -i m*-< !fc.*: :¥ '^:, ■'i:'l^^j■'^ I if '^j^HTf w ;.\,- , M'. i» • Al'liS N'i:niKi:> )ni:.yJiAlt\ >'(jMMI.-SI<)N. i.iii-i.iv '' \'-\i'.,<\ ^lu -y>»t«'m, U;j i ■ i""f"'.'nt .nn ii.i''iiiiv lo .^:'.'';i^i ^. < . '•'■ i!ft»-d vvvio of jroti rlotli, Hi. f, t .s j-i!."'. imr f i'^ s'n' '•- :• \vl!''iv <;■ .iiv mi il. f.iU'T. 'I'l ■ ^•:l^ii. :■' il'!. Htli Jl lit 1 i-.:l,!v~ <•.■ .-u).^! n'. ■•>•!■, » . ,11, I .iUUiH-- .'T •■: ,,; v, 'u .o-l.:i. ". Wi.l • 'i'!.- ^\.■■l■;ll' 1.1 i1r« 1.1-iri' - l.ii-. ,..,:, ■■ . ■■ ; ' '^' '' "■ «, I'l,; i,,a',''\'. .ii.-'i. till i!i '• !!■ iiii^ I ■ . : ,< t\ I 'f .). .; ^v.l!. nil, »)>ii>. - > !i ^ ;;r' ; i i.'-tii 'li n ■ •i\tU- CH" n=.»s' 'V. « . .! .. ' a; .ui- :l .•i.,i:!11 ■ I'.KiV;- ^5!n'^-t. ';, • .1. , - < ' ' , :■ • ' : l' ;l.i^ ih'; i;ii'ir:::..,. ;.;..' .-,-{!■ .^m--. ..T . 'V-[ •.-• 1. i' r-t -.a....' • .:< .^^-'i 'I .:,i.s.-.| -iicli • KJi^'iiV of iIm' ,ni-^r.- i.lM't.l';■; • ,;;i Cu; iV -t. I ;v^r': ..f 'tlu »■• ik -I'v'^" ,;;|.t i • « 't ' ': ' !■• '■ '■''■^l'' ("'«■'•■■•' !i.,. i,,i.tt ; u'."'"'!*: - ! "'' '"■ ■■ ■' ■ • • • !i tl' ,'■!-.. - : :• '.\ :. ,: • . ..-v-r"! I •• linn . T'.! ■ tl'-^'u- . ■ . ■ ■• ■< ' : KnV, t^i'l tri' ; tin- ^'v. i.r.. .,-._a , m^ ' < . ' (■V •■ 1 ■• :!li y •. ( .1 " "; ' '1 ■ "' . ■' ' ' ■ „■ . > .■(,•, ■( t.' I . , c . ' !■^ '•'-;!'iii til .■ •)! ■ ' ' (,, .. ;":», :i!lli - V. I-.' \ ...i I .... ■ •.'• i , < ^ ' - ' ■ I ' r\, V .ir ■ \ ■• . ••■'■'\ '-'1\ I- I • !> ■ 1 ' ■ ' If . i ;,-,'. ill „ ' • i ,: 111 » ,,,\-, >..l I ;■ rii 1- 1, '• 'L'1'i Ji • I 1 » '■ ■-■" ■I li^'"''!' ml IK ' >, .f\ ' ' ■! ' " ' I I .it, V I..;';, I. U . 1.11. . 1 ; rl ';!!i if si' 'If :ii I ,! 1 ' Jt Ik BbI ! '. ^■'9b -^' REPORT OP THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX B. 347 was a box-wood rod, tipped with brass, ten feet long and two inches square in cross-section, made by Negus & Co., of New York. The chain was com- pared with this for each tangent. We also had one of Stackpole's fifty-feet tape-lines, with level, thermometei", and spring-balance adjustments. This instrument measures to within I in 100,000, but it was found to require too much time for our purposes, and was only used occasionally as a standard of comparison. Its length always j'.greed with the wooden rod. Our lon- gitudes are all deduced from the record of the chaining. 3. Azinmth-ohservations at the terminal point. — There were 22 tangent- lines in all traced by myself On twelve of these, independent azimuth- observations were taken at the terminal points, similar in every respect to those described above for the initial points. On five of the remainder the azimuth was tested by a series of angles connecting the tangent with some line whose azimuth was carefully detennined — either a British tangent or astronomical meridian. Two tangents (Ponibina and Turtle Mountains) were only a few miles in length. This, then, leaves three tangents whose azimuth was never tested beyond tlio initial point, viz, Nos. 11 and 12, of 1873, and No. 18, of 1874. At Nos. 11 and 12 the season was very late (October), and we were in the midst of a series of su'w-storms and cloudy nights. At No. 18 the azimuth-observations gave siuli a isatisfactory results that they were rejected. A summary of the errors in the tangent, ik-duccd from these observations, has been given above. 4. Deducing the station-error and computing the offsets for the mounds. — The formulaj employed to find the geodetic latitudes, longitudes, and azi- muths at points on a lino perpendicular to first meridian, are : — H II' — K- ^'"^-^^( ^ +^'^0^'-^^) _ j^-x n ~ 2 N' sin i" — ^'■'\ th !'' F-P =K Z' =^0°-K N sin 1" cos // tan // N sin 1" z=KO' = 00° -KG" These foi'mulre are discussed on pp. 2")G, and from them is derived, pp. 257, the table of off'sets and azimuths of tlie tangent. Entering this ^ aw I t ■il i :i 348 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. table with the argument K, equal to the length of tangent in English feet, the computed offset to 49° is found. If E, represent the station-error, 0„ the computed offset, J5Jj the error of the initial point, north or south of 49°, Ea the eiTor due to azimuth-deviation, ,yiO,l)72 leet. Polar axis, = c„ 20,853,429 feet. a — c 1 h-c 285.9 J' a — h V 1 32()9.5 313.3« The elemeuts given above are found on p. 287, and pertain to the "Spheroid of Revolution best representing the geodetic measurements." mF^-^- r KEPOUT OF THE CHIEF ASTltONOMEK, APPENDIX B. 351 longitude has been deterniincd, telegraphically, with great care. This scheme fell to the ground, in consequence of the fact that the telegrapli line between Helena and Fort Shaw was down, for several miles, in 1875; and to have prolonged the meridian, over the mountains, to the telegraph at Helena, would have involved great expense, and given very doubtful results. The opportunity for determining this valuable and interesting check on our chaining was therefore lost, but it may be accomplished by other parties, at some future day. It was impossible to get azinnith-obser- vations at Fort Shaw in 1874, owing to cloudy nights; but the terminal points of the meridian were securely marked, and in 1875 its azinmthwas carefully determined, and a connection was made with Fort Shaw, and with the principal meridian of the United States Land Surveys. The observations on this meridian are given herewith. Fort Shaw Meridian, Azimulh-ohiscrvat'wns at inilutl point. (Error of Chronometer: by a Andrnmeilio (fast), i:(™ 41'.'! ; by Arctunis (fiist), l:*."'. :iO».4; monn (fast), l.'l" 40'.4 — ObsLrvir, O. S. Wilson, C K ] Date. 1874. Sept. 2 Puaitioii of instruuieut. rk'Uet at *;((0i" l-'i'.:iO ) IVoiiiPenibiiia; lonni- ? tiulo, lll'2 4.V04.y. ) PcikII loll of Iiiuik. r40ii..'i ICL'tSOUlll of iuHtniiiicnt. No. of n adiiij's. Ill 10 10 Stars. ) Crplli'i V. . I'olailH K.. /i l'i>a)Minoiis.. W.. y' UisajMiuoris.. W.. Sleaii . Aitiiniilli. 170 ".4 1(1. -i .••)4 1'2.'J r.:! r)0. s 54 ;tt>.5 170 ,')4 i;i.o Mark was moved 12'. 1 west, to establish direction of tangent point. Asimuth-obscnmtionn at tenninal point. [Observer, Lieut. F. V. Greouo.] Date. Position of iiiatru- IllOllt. Position of mark. Xo. of readings. Star. Azimuth. lf7.->. JiiljKi July 10 M TiTiiiiiial jioiiit of iniTidiaii south of .Sim KivtT. Station 4() of me- ridian, north of Sun KivtT. 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 lU y C'l'liiiei 1" .. X iJraconi,s W .. ji Cciihei V. .. 4 Uiaeonis W.. Polaris K .. Polaris E.. y Cepbei K .. ]i Ursa! M iioris .. W.. )■- Urtiu Muioris ..W.. o / // ■.m w.\ 01. 1 ".>t .''ij. (i .^>;i (14. 2 :a (14. ;t W.\ 07. 4 .->■.! 4r.. i uu 10. a i.-i 4.-). 4 ;;.7.i .M i;i. i ± '.v'. 4 II ill * Kijicted, 352 UNITED STATES NORTDERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. This error was larger than was anticipated, but the notes showing no 'reason for assigning it to any one place, it was distributed over the whole length, 102.5 miles, of the line, by assigning 1' to each fifteen miles. The successive increments in deviation were then computed; giving a total of five hundred and ninety-eight feet at the terminal point, equal to 8". 8 of longitude. Triangulation at Fort Slimo. 1X6111 ilaiiil. pr^ Angle. Lenf;th iu feut. Azimuth. Laf. Dep. Coordinates from A 47, in feet. n-s-Af> 1 II 32 17 25.4 c / // S-47-46 97 17 51.2 S-47 13420 82 .T) 27.9 1730.5 13308 A 46 N. 9302. 7 W. 18.0 S-46-47 50 24 4:!. 4 S-46 17273 50 18 02.5 11033 13290 46-47-« 79 03 31. 47-4G 2302.7 3.'>9 53 19. 1 9302.7 18.1 S S. 1730. 5 W. 13308.0 46-B-47 55 27 54.5 47-B H053.6 78 55 50 1546.3 7903.8 47-4&-B 45 29 34. 5 46-7? 1108G.8 134 23 44.6 7750.4 7921.7 I! N.154G.3 E. 7903.8 46-C-7? 19 .W 10. 4 46-C 20932. 8 98 15 04.6 3865. 3 20654 I N. 5437. 4 E. 26636.0 A6-B-<: 123 52 09. 6 S-C 19132 78 15 54.2 3891.1 18732.2 C-46-Ii 3C03 40.0 C-P 2550 223 15 54.0 1856.9 1747.8 P N. 3580. 5 E. 24888.2 In order to obtain the longitude of the Principal Meridian, I consulted the plats of the land-office in Helena, and found that, in latitude 45° 41', it was thirty and one-fourth miles west of Lieutenant Wheeler's Observatory in Bozeman, Mont., whoso longitude, established by telegraph, is 111° 03' 31".9. By this means, wo are enabled to compare our own longitude with those of the Land-Surveys, as follows: — Longitude of Bozeman, Mont., 111° 03' 31".9 Thirty and one-fourth miles of longitude in latitude 45° 41', 37' 29".8 Longitude of Principal Meridian, 111° 41' 01".7 KErOUT OF THE CHIEF A8TUONOMER, APPENDIX B. 353 Wostiiig from Principal Meridian to Fort Shaw Meridian, 21,888 feet in latitude 47'' 31', 6' 02".;') Longitude of A 47, Fort Shaw Meridian, as determined by land-surveys, 111° 47' 04".2 Longitude of Pembina 97° 13' 6i".5 Westing to Initial Point, Fort Shaw Meridian, 660'" 1 8"^30 in latitude 49° 14° 31' 13".4 Longitude Initial Point, Fort Shaw Meridian, . . . . 111° 45' 04".9 Deviation in Azimuth to east, 8".8 Longitude of A 47, Fort Shaw Meridian, as determined by Boundary Survey, lll°44'56".l I also made a chronometer expedition from Fort Shaw to Bozeman, from which the longitude of A 47 was . 111° 45' 57". 6 It will be seen that the chronometric detemiination is nearly the mean of the other two, but to this no particular importance is attributed. The difference between the land-survey longitude and our own is 2' 08", equal to 8,795 feet, or 1.67 miles ; but the method in which the Principal Sleridian was run makes the Land-Office determination of no greater value tlian our own. The Principal Meridian was one hundred and twenty-six miles in length from the latitude of Bozeman to that of Fort Sbaw. Of this length forty-eight miles was traced over the broken country wost of the Gallatin River. Hero an offset was made of eighteen milc^^ to the west in order to avoid the almost impassable mountains east of the Missouri River. From the end of this offset a meridian was traced north, over the spurs of the Rocky Mountains to Sun River Valley, where an offset was measured east- Avard again, and a stone post planted to indicate the intersection of the Principal Meridian and Fifth Standard Parallel. The lines Avero traced by a solar compass. Our own surveys embraced lines aggregating n length of seven hundred and sixty-three .niles from Pembina to For; Sliaw, ajrainst N « 23 J I r M I!' Ill :l ,'p 354 UNITED STATES NOBTHEKN BODNDAIIY COMMISSION. ono hundred and ninety-two miles of the land-surveys from Bozeman to Fort Shaw; but their methods were not considered sufficiently accurate to warrant a change in our determination. At the monument on the summit of the Rocky Mountains we connected with the surveys of the Northwest Boundary Commission. The longitude of this monument, as determined in 1861 by the method of lunar culminations, is 114° 03' 28".4. Our own determination of the same point, by chaining, is 114° 02' 56".5. The dif- ference, 31".9, is equal to 2,124 feet. It is difficult to say how much importance should be attributed to this result; but, at all events, the results of the land-survey near Fort Shaw were not sufficiently reliable to warrant any change in our chaining, wliich was adopted for the determination of longitudes. The following table contains the longitudes of the astronomical stations, and their station-en'ors, with reference to the Lake of the Woods Station: I i> II ItEPOUT OF TUB CUIEP ASTKONOMER, APPENDIX B. Longitudes and t\tation-error8 of Astronomical Stations, 355 No. I)y whom obiierved. BritiHh Urltisb ....do . Uritisb ...do . ....do . United ...do . liritiNh ....do . United Iliilibh United liiitixli United liritiith United Uritiah United UritiBh United Dritisli United UriliHli United llritisli United UiiliHli United British United Urilisli United British United British United British ....do . United British (18(il nud Uuiled States and United States States. States. States. States. States. States. States. States. States. titntcs. States. States. States'. States. States. States and United States ). Name of ustronomicul station. Luku of thu Woods (Joiut station) riuoliivcr West Roseau lied River (Joint station) Michel (Joint station) Pemhinu Mountain (Joint station) Pumhinn River Long River Sleepy Hullovr Turtlu Mountain ea.st Tnrtlo Mountain west 1st Monso River Sonlh Antler Creek lid Monso River United States, No. 8 Sliort Creek 3d Mouse River Grand Cotoau Mid Coteau Big Mnddy River Bully Spring Poplar River . West Poplar River Littlu Rocky Creek Frenchman's Creek Cotton wood Conl6 Pool on Prairie Near Goose Lake East Fork West Fork Milk River Lake Milk River East Butte West Butte Red Creek South Braneli Milk River North Branch Milk River Rocky Mountains Belly River Chief Mountain Lake Summit of the Rocky Mountains Longltnile. 05 lU U5 &',S.O N. 470.3 N. 550. 1 N. 58H.4 N. 633.3 N. 45!t. 5 N. 370.7 N. 813.4 N. 54. 2 N. 154.9 N. 840.3 N. 80;l. 3 N. 40.0 N. 7. 8 \. 183.4 N. 203.8 N. 138.8 N. 414.1 N. 40. 4 N. 151.8 N. 333.5 N. l.-)li.7 N. 390.7 X. 430.9 N. .VJ3.C N. 510. 9 N. 397. 1 N. 830. N. 609.3 N. 410.0 N. KiO.O N. 304. 3 S. 571.3 S. 100. 5 N. 181.5 N. 115.5 N. 113.5 S. 38;t.5 S. 10. 8. 133. 4 N. Hi .111 ;iii, i li u\ i^ I '1 CHAPTER II. TOPOGUAPHY. Tlio sources from whicli our topogrni)hical information was obtained were as follows : 1. The tangont-lines. 2. Meander-lines, with the theodolite and stadia-rods. i\. Minor compass-surveys. 4. Triangulation and intersection in the Rocky Mountains, f). Reconnaissances. Tanqent-Unes. — The topographical information obtained by these was altogether secondary to the main object of making a geodetic connection of the astronomical stations. It consisted of noting the crossings of streams and valleys intersecting distant hills, and sketching the immediate vicinity. The stakes of these lines, however, were the basis of the stadia-lines both for distance and azimuth. Stadia-Uncs. — The theodolites employed in this method of survey were made by Wiirdemann, and were similar in construction to the largo eight- inch transits used for azimuth work. The liorizontal limb Vjo was six inches in diameter, divided to 10', and reading, by a two verniers, to 10"; vertical limb, four inches in diameter, divided to 20', and reading, by vernier, to 1'; telescope of 10" focal lengtli, magnifying 17 times, and having in the reticle three horizontal and one vertical line, which were fixed. The rods were made of pine, 3" X '^'"•i> ''i cross- section, were about twelve feet long, und folded on a hinge at the middle. The inner side was painted white, and marked with figures, 357 1! ' I "I I' i ■ i I! i :■„ ( 358 UNITED STATES NORTnERN BOUNDARY COMMlSSIOX. as sliown in this sketch. Each rod was adjusted for a particular theodolite, as ibllows : A distance of 1,000 feet was r"easured on the ground with great cai'e, and tlif> rod placed at one end, the theodolite at the other. The space covered by the constant visual angle was noted on the rod, and this space (representing 1,000 feet) was .subdivided into eq ",al parts, the smallest of wliich represented five feet, from which one foot could be read by estimation. ITj'bitually two, but sometimes three, rods were used with each theodo- lite, and all measurements were made twice — i. e., the distance and elevation of a ccu'se were recorded once as a foresight and once as a backsigl't. The azimuth was taken from the tangent, and was kept throughout the line — /. « , each recorded angle was the angle between the course and the true meridian. An average day's work for a single party was a line of five miles in length, but as much as twelve miles of line have been run by one party in a day. The notes uf the stadia-surveys were reduced in the office— first, each rciiding for distance (being the hypothenuse of a vertical right-angled tri- angle) was reduced to horizontal distance and difference of level, tlien each bearing was corrected by its proportional part of the total error in azimuth; the horizontal distance was then resolved into rectangular co-ordinates, with reference to the first meridian; these co-ordinates were algebraically summed, and compared with the co-ordinates of the terminal point as given by the tangent ; the eiTor of the last point, in latitude and longitude, waj then dis- tributed in tlie co-ordinates of each course in proportion to its length; the adjusted co-ordinates were tuon plotted on the map. For reducing the read- ings to horizontal and vertical distances, the formula) used were those de- duced by Prof S. W. Robinsoii C. E., Tormerly of the Lake Survey. They were originally published in the Journal of the Franklin Institute for Feb- ruary, 18G5. d=~ (n-r-f) cos' r+(r+/) cos V h= li jr_ 2 li (B-c-f) sia 2 V+{r.+f) sin V l{EPO;iT OK THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX B, 359 in which — V =: angle of elevation or depression. B = Icngtli of a measured base. Jt = reading of stadia on that base. / = principal focal distance of object-glass of telescope. c = distance from axis of telescope to object-glass. M' = any rending for whicli the horizontal distance and difference of level are required. d = horizontal distance corresponding to B'. h = diffe-ence of level con-esponding to 71'. With thefo formula?, tables have been constructed by Alfred Noble and William T. Casgrain, assistants in the United States engineer's office at Milwaukee. They assumed B and R each equal to 1,000 feet, and (c +/) equal to 1.4 feet. These assumptions coirespond to our own instru- ments and rods. The tables are of the same form as traverse tables, the arguments being the stadia-reading and angle of elevati*""" >v depression. The total number of stadia-traverse Inies is one hunured and thirty, aggregating a length of one thousand two lumdred and eighty-seven miles. The notes were all reduced in the manner above described. Of these, sixty- nino lines (seven hundred and thirty-eight miles) were closed on known points, and their results are brought together in the following table in order to show the degi'ee of accuracy of this kind of surveying : ^ I si I "I [hi: II , ' si li, ill ,! '^l li I ,1 s' fi !|,! I '!, 1 i 1 1 i I i i i 1. F!l ■ ' .11 ! « I 360 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. Stadia- lilies. ' i ■s Total errors of closure. Proportional errors. a .a 1 u u u 1 2 li s._ K %.. 1 .5 ol -3 s i .a s o If («0 «; ^ a a S 3 ^ '*.» t M a " •3* as o e$ a c > *N =5 V V 'S «^ m ^ •«! Q hJ ^ < < )-) Q s •< hJ Q Feet. / // Feci. Feel. Feet. t/ Feet. Feet. 15 A.D Nov., 1873 1.48 « 1307!+ 8 00 25. 4 N. X>. 7 E. 80.0 3.2 4.6 88 L.C AiiK-, 1873 1..50 7 118(1 277. 8 8. 32. 3 K. 33.4 3.9 41 .. 0, 9 0.2 8 C.L.D Nov., 1873 ■5.24 24 1253 — i.i"2(i 235. 5 N. 12(1.2 E. 'fri.'s 7.7 4.0 (i . . do Nov., 1873 .5. 41 20 1429 + 2 45 325. 3 N. 364, E. 8.2 11.4 12.7 a O.S. \V Nov., 1873 5.71 19 1.588 ...... . IKl.HN. 39. 8 E. 3.M 1.3 (ii C.L.1) Aug., 1874 (i. .52 25 137r + 2 34 5,5. 3 S. 142. 2 W, "t'i.'i 1.6 3.5 lU O.S. \V Dec, 1873 0. 5(1 34 1004 + 3 15 1^2. 2 N. 96. a E. .5.7 .5.3 2,8 i-i C.L.D Dec, 1873 (i. (i3 17 20(10 - 5 40 16.0 S. 6. W. 20. 0. 5 0.2 4IS V.T.McG.... Jniy, 1874 (i. (15 28 12.54 208. as. a49. 5 W. 5.9 7.1 ■M C.L.D Sept., 1873 C.7(i 33 1038 —\K-M 207. 7 S. 259.7 i;. ' "36.' (1 6.0 7.6 ::i L.C } F.v.S i C.L.D June, 1873 0.79 43 834 + 18 00 a8.8N. 333. 5 W. 25. 1 0.8 9.6 Sept., 1873 7.24 34 1125 64. 8 N. 143. 1 W -'4.'a 1.7 1.7 3.7 7 ..do Nov., Ie73 7.54 37 919 — h"w 60. 4 N. 34.0\V. 11.0 1.8 1.0 4 oa .do O.S.W Nov., If73 Jnlv, If 74 7. .57 8.24 33 2(1 1212 11.73 -'i'ao 4,55. 7 N. 41. IN. 8. 6 W. 17. 9 W. 11.4 0.9 0.2 0.4 "i((.'(i 5(i C.L.D July, 1.-74 8.43 27 1(147 + 1) 00 78. 2 8. 377. i:. 2(1. 1.7 8.5 48 V.T.McG.... July, 1874 8. 75 35 1321 — 1 0(1 63. N. 47. E. — 3('l."o 1.7 1.3 1.0 4.' A.D Sei)l.,1873 H.7(i 33 1401 2IM.5.S. 18.3 E. 4.4 0.4 41) V.T.McG.... Jnlv, If74 9. 3(1 3(1 1372 291. ON, ' 1.5,5. 3 \V. 4. 9 2. (1 ;!i Kv.S Aug., 1873 9.38 3(1 1377 99,1 N.I 131.7 i:. 2.(1 2.7 T)') C.L.D Jnlv, 1874 9. 1(1 43 1138— 1 15 39. 3 S. 22. 5 W. "■"i.7 0.8 0.4 45 ..do July, 1-74 9. 54 33 1.52(1— 2 12 3.2 8. 13. 3 W. 4.0 0.0(1 0.2 lU ..do Anjr., Ic74 9. 7(1 41 11(1,5' + 17 08 71,7 8. 2(1. 3 W 23.4 1.4 0. 5 43 A.D....\. .. Sept., 1873 9. 95 35 1501 1+22 25 203. ON. 4(19.8 !■',. 3S, 1 3,8 H. 1 51 C.I.D July, lf74 10. 75 37 1.535 + 8 3.1 120.4 S, 203. 9\V, 14,0 2,1 3.6 aii A.D Aeg., 1-73 11.5(1 58 li;52|+2H 40 193,7 8. 17.9 r..'— 44.4 29, 6 3,1 0.3 ;);•. C.L.D Oct., If73 12. 14 43 iraii— a;) 35 165.08. 203.5\V.! 41,3 2.5 3.1 1 ..do .)an., 1^-74 12.21 40 1(110 87. 5 N. ,53. 5 K 1.3 0, H Cli V. T. .McG .... An«., 18.-4 12.2-1 32 2025+ (1 05 49. 2 N. i 8. 7 W. '"ii.'i 0.7 0.1 54 O.S.W .Inly, 1874 13.11 31 2040+13 40 177.5S, 1 191. 5 \V, 24,1 2.7 :.7j C.L.D .Sept. 1-73 13.111 71 970! ,561.8 K. 8.1 :! ...lo Nov., 18(3 13. 19 .53 1315 91. 3 N.I 16.0 i:. i,';')' 0.7 51) ..do Aug., 1874 13. 92 47 1.5(14 + "i'2(i 241.3 8.1 122. 4 W. 1,5 3,3 1.7 * Alonji C'oteau-tiingeiit. t Titugeiit west of Cotenu. : Catciiu-taiiKeut, 'iJfLJkv IIEPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX 15. Stadia-lines — Continued. 361 "S TotM errors of closure. Proportional errors. J s a i 1 CD 'i < i i a c ■& a E O "o 1 1 1« .a tt . ? > < *^ a a a .- 2 1 1 ■Bo CO a"" £.2 Co 1! Vrel. // Frel. Fee'. Feel. // Feet. Feel. (17 V.T.McG.... Aug. 1874 14. 31 37 2043 — 9 25 288. 1 N. 20. 4 K. 15. 3 3.8 0.2 m . ..do Nov. 1873 ai.36 99 1138 791. 2 N. 193. 7 K. W.ti J. 7 18 F.v.S Jun»! 1873 S-'. 0' 108 1085 -13 45 304. 8 N. 569. 9 W. 7.6 2.6 4.8 lU C.L.D Dec, 1873 2."i. 91 111 1232 —10 16 521. 9 N. 130. 4 K. 5. 5 3.8 0.9 a-2' L. C ^ A.l) J r. V.8 June ,1873 26.37 181 769 +26 40 50. a S. 532. 7 W. 8.8 0.4 3.8 2:t July 1873 27. 8(i 178 799 —20 00 1700. S. 496. 5 \V. +92. 8.7 11.9 3.5 14* C.L.D Jan., 1874 4(i. 34 112 218() +14 20 112. 9 N. 1. 1 0.5 Along Lake of thu Woodx ; cioseil on su.vtatit-stiition. MKANS. Tuo 69 lines Season of 1873 Se'json of 1873- Sensoii of 1874 Assistant O. .'<. W Assistant V. T. Met; . . Assistant C. L. D Assistant A. D Assistant 1". v. S Assistant li. C 10. 69 9. 83 12. 74 10. 20 7. 35 9. lili 13.67 4.50 15. 67 7. .5.71'" 3.49 l''roni 6. .52'" to 12. 28'" 8. 87 I'rom 13. 14™ to 46. 34'" 19. 48 Ma V § 1361 1 1,54 1313 If'OO 1626 1710 1310 1225 1139 U20 135(! 1363 1365 Total errors. Az. 12 14.6 20 05.9 10 46.3 t! 26. 6 : 05 5 40. 1 12 55.5 12 19.2 16 05 22 21.7 9 28. 4 10 4(i. 3 14 46.0 Lat. Dep. Feel. UiO. 5 177.7 2'Hi. 3 115.4 105. 5 122. 172. 1 70.4 .533. 5 1 10. 2 83. 124. 5 270. 3 Feet. 146. 4 188.8 'M>. 7 134.6 69. 5 1.56.7 131.8 59. 3 338. 4 2;;i.o 89. 6 126. ti 224. 9 Proportional errors. Az. Lat. Dep. // /■•.(/. Feet. 27.2 3. 40 3.31 4.03 4.72 3. 92 2. 46 2. 49 2. 42 2. 74 1.46 2. 96 2. 88 2. 97 2. 49 2.51 3. .'•.9 4. .52 4.90 7. .52 7.50 69. 2 5. 14 4. 79 16.4 2. 75 2. 85 10. (t 2.51 2.;i5 362 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. The mean of sixty-nine lines shows that the average error of our topo- graphical surveys, by this .■^'^thod, was about one foot in three hundred The means for the various seasons show a constant increase in the ticuracy. The mean error of 1873 is larger than the others, and arises from the want of experience on the part of one or two assistants. Most of the work of that summer was done under fair circumstances, including several days of high winds which cannot oe avoided on the plains. The work luring the winter of 1873-74 was done under very unfavorable circumstances. The thermometer was near zero every day, and most of the lines were run over swamps and ice, where it was almost impossible to keep the instrum ,. t In level. The two lines, Nos. 10 and 11, were run on the ice of the Koseau River, and up through the swamp, to the forty-ninth parallel. One, over seventeen miles in length, closed within about three hundred feet (j^), and the other, nearly twenty-six miles long, closed within about five hundred feet (±J. Line No. 14 was run on the ice of the Lake of the Woods, and mean- dered the shore from the forty-ninth para lei to Rainy River. It was closed on a sextant latitude stal ion, and a carefully observed azimuth. Although more than forty-six mih s in length, its error in azimuth was only 14' 20", or 7".7 for each course, and in latitude only one hundred and thirteen feet, or ^. These lines were run by Mr. 0. L. Doolittle, and reflect great credit on his carefulness and precision. The work in 1874 was all done by experienced assisvants, and under the ordinary circumstances to be met on the plains, that is, a l.igh wind and "boiling" of the air on three days out of five. The error is seen to be about jjj. This I take to be the greatest accuracy that can be expected for a whole season's work, when the party is so pressed for time that it cannot lie over on windy days. Several individual lines are much more accurate. The smallest error is in Line No. 45 by Mr. Doolittle, length, about ten miles and error ^^. This of course is accidental; but thero are eleven lines whoso error is less than ~. The last three means are obtained by dividing the lines into three equal sets, according to length. For the five set, with a mean length of about three miles, the erroi was .^i for the second, with a length of about nine miles, ^; and for liie thivd, with a length of about REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX B. 363 eighteen miles, ^^; that is, the longer lines were the more accurate, in pro- portion to their length. This probably shows a considerable error on one or two courses of the short lines, which, divided by a small distance, gives a large proportional error. The same error distributed over a long line would, of course, be much smaller proportionally. It is also probable that the accidental errors tend more nearly to counterbalance each other in long lines. As the proportional errors are smaller for the long lines than the short, it would seem ^^robable that there are no cumulative errors, such as lost motion in tangent-screws, &c. An error once made, however, is carried through to the end of the line, and as it is impossible to discover where the en-or is, the only feasible method of adjustment is that which we have adopted; namely, to distribute the azimuth-error, proportionally, in each course, and the position-errors in each course proportionally to its length. As the result of our own experience, then, the average accuracy of surveys Avith the stadia is 3^^ under good circumstances we may expect 435, and on selected days, with great care, ji can be obtained. This shows that this method is available for surveys for maps of a scale of lujijij, or about six inches to the mile. The plane-table is, of course, superior for minute topography in certain localities, in populated countries, &c. ; but for meandering streams on the plains, I think the stadia-method is the best. If there are ravines to be crossed, its measurements are more accurate than those made with the chain; and it has advantages at all times in its great celerity in giving heights, as well as distances, and in the fact that all the measurements are under tlie control of the engineer. The plane-table would be useless on the plains, on account of high winds, dust, and sudden storms. General Comstock, in charge of the Lake Survej^, states that he con- siders yj^j on ordinary ground to be the precision of good chaining and ,-55 that of good stadia-work. On rough and broken ground, the stadia was equal to the chain in precision, and on bad ground was superior. lie adds, "In topographical work our main lines are chained, or derived from chained bases which have an accuracy of ^^^ to g^; the side lines diverging from i \ i; 'i 'ill ■ r Jl if '1' ♦! 364 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. these, and checked by returning to them, are all stadia-lines, whose average accuracy (probable error) I estimate at gjg to i for distances of 1,000 feet." Prof. S. W. Robinson states that the error of stadia-measurement has been found to be about ^J^ to ^^, and that lines "have been run from one to six miles, and over heights of one hundred and fifty to two hundred feet, in which the final en-or in height rang-ed from to 1.5 feet, with no more iliarj ordinary care." We have no precise data for determining the errors in height. Some of the lines were closed on points whose approximate height was determined by the barometer, or by trigonometric leveling. The errors ranged from four to one hundred feet ; the greater part of this was probably in the barometric result. The superiority of this method of survey over that with the chain, in very rough country, is clearly shown by lines 36, £ 7, and 38. All of these lines were along the tangent. Nos. 36 and 37 were in the Coteau — a series of irregular hills in close proximity — and both of them gave measurements less than the chain, by nearly the same amount, about jj^. No. 3S was also .along the same tangent, but on level ground. It differed from the chained measurement by only one foot in nearly four miles ; the intermediate errors — never larger than a few feet — having balanced. Minor compass-surveys. — In connection with these stadia-lines, surveys of small extent along minor features, such as branch-ravines, &c., were made with a six-inch compass, the distances being estimated from pacing. The variation of the compass was obtained from the true azinuith of the stadia-line, and those compass-surveys started and closed on points of the stadia-line. They were of small extent, seldom a mile in length, although aggregating about two hundred miles. Their average accuracy is about ^\. They were adjusted in the same manner as the stadia-lin s. The Jtocky Mouyilains. — The portion of the Rocky ]\[oimitains cros'Sed by the 49th parallel, between the summit and the eastern slope, is about twenty-six miles. In this inaccessible region the method of stadia-surveys was not feasible, and we had not the time for a comprehensive triangtda- tion. Hence this portion of our map is not as accurate in detail as the others. We have, however, considerable data tor constructing it. These data consist of a stadia-line, by Mr. Doolittle, along the eastern slope, and i m .! i 'ii i^: I* a) ■i ?•»•« I il f KEPORT OF THE COIEF ASTEONO. . i:;ll, APPENDIX B, 365 extending into the valley of Belly River to connect with the British Astro- nomical Station ; of a careful triangulation of Chief Mountain Lake, under Captain Gregory's direction, including intersections on neighboring peaks ; of a stadia-line by Mr. Wilson, from Chief Mountain Lake, through the South Kootenay Pass, over the water-shed and connecting with a traverse made in 1861, to the Akamina Station; and, lastly, of a triangulation, by myself, of certain peaks in the neighborhood of the summit-monument, from which intersections were taken on all the piincipal peaks within the five-mile belt. I also obtained cross-intersections on these points from a peak at the head of Chief Mountain Lake, located accurately by Captain Gregory's triangulation. The principal peaks were approximately located in position and alti- tude by these means, and the topography was supplemented by numerous profile sketches. To accomplish the triangulation near the summit I fol- lowed the old and very blind trail along Akamina Creek to the base of the water-shed, where I identified the astronomical station of 1860-'61 by the observing-logs, old boxes, &c. Here I observed for azimuth, and measured a base-line. The length of this was one thousand seven hundred and forty-nine feet, being the mean of four measurements with the Stack- pole tape, diflfering from each other by less than one inch, or itlOOO' From this base the triangles were expanded to the peaks near the summit-monu- ment, and from them intersections were taken. I had intended to extend the triangles to a point about two miles south of tlie monument, where, from an altitude of nearly nine thousand feet above the sea, and five thou- sand feet above Chief Mountain Lake, the whole country can be seen, but I found it impossible to transport the heavy eight-inch theodolite be- yond the monument. This monument is finely placed, upon the very water- shed of the Rocky Mountains, at an altitude of six thousand seven hundred feet above the sea. It is in the center of a flat saddle, about five hundred by one hundred and fifty feet, and is overlooked, on the north and south, by sandstone knobs, from eight hundred to a thousand feet higher than itself On the east is a sheer precipice of nearly two thousand feet, termi- nating in a lake which discharges, through the Saskatchewan River, into Hudson's Bay. On the west the slope is steep, but still accessible with ! IM # ih\ l\ 366 UNITED STATBa NOKTUEKN BOUNUAEY COMMISSION. re, and terminates in a lake discharging through the Columbia River into the Pacific. The monument is a rude pyramid of undressed-sandstone blocks, about ten feet at the base, and eight feet high. It is in as peifect order as when built in 1861. Within a few rods of the cairn the divide is reduced to a mere knife-edge of ragged rock, which must be passed, if at all, a clieval. It was at this point that I found it impossible to transport the transit any further. In company with one of the men, named Macey, I passed over tuis, and, taking an aneroid barometer with me, followed the crest of the divide to a prominent sandstone peak, about two miles south of the line. The climbing was difficult, for the sedimentary sandstone was weathered in vertical cracks. Some of these, not more than eight or ten feet across and one hundred feet or more deep, we easily jumped ; but at the larger ones we had to let ourselves down, from ledge to ledge, for two hundred feet on one side, and ascend, similarly, on the other — a tiresome operation, after the novelty of the first two or three trials had worn off. The view from the peak was, however, very fine. On the east we could see over the tops of the range beyond Chief Mountain Lake on to the brown plains extending indefinitely eastward. To the west we recog- nized the broad valley of the Flathead River, and beyond that another mass of mountains. In our immediate vicinity was a most tumultuous mass of mountains. From the main divide the ridges curved off in circles, on either side, forming vast amphitheaters. The effect was heightened by the im- mense masses of snow — some of them more than a mile in extent— covering the northern slopes of these ridges, and frequently terminating in lakes whose intense blue revealed great depths. The barometer gave the altitude of this peak eight thousand six hun- dred feet. This ought to be about the timber-line for this latitude and dis- tance from the sea, but this line is not at all distinctly marked. The heavy pine timber of the valleys did not seem to extend much beyond the altitude of seven thousand feet, and terminated gradually. Beyond thi4 were in-eg- ular bunches of dwarfed upruce; but the greater part of the curved ridges was destitute of any tini})er, and this, together with the reddish-brown color of the bare rock, and the curious shapes it h«s assumed under the effects of River Istone lerfect ddo is , if at •rt the coy, I id the uth of 3 was )r ten )ut at •r two 38ome ff. st we on to •ecog- 'mass 188 of either e im- 'ering lakes hun- i dis- leavy ;itude in-eg- idges color ct8 of II :1 t. ROCKY MOiJNT/i'M FALLS WE.ST OF CHIf:F MOUhi'AlN LAKE. .{'•T'O!: .(•I* UltJtiido, ■ » mi 11,0 , ._ n It; camyiR tlu; ooitrt»o» won- kojit by t< ^i.^-in^•|l ■ "upasis, TiKiiuU. <■■" r •.■ivlti prooii '>«.»l jtoiiit-;, ^ihI 1))<' OiluT tJ: who higlit d on llio fl. ' .k-ifht'd t]i« mpoyTi.|iliy. 111;.' u I ;. 'I ilO iil!> 1 \i ,.i SA<-,. ■ »,- i 1 ,"■.•■ ' ' ;< i»v,_^.. , ; (1 ., iiu.n..l;',rv If t\ji' ' .ui-l ill' x>u(i iifin SfM- 8h V t,u ioii. Bi'Otcn. In ini'liiuui to llns, a rcOui,;i,t,.--;uicc; ol' iho Ci.M'.^H K. ihii Mmoari [vivorwaH luddv ivliilv »!t>0'.M:"!ii'j. fliut str Louts, in >0I''. 1'''" 1874. 'I'ijO fiatTOlll'"''' '' ■■- "i < '■■- L'!'). . ^^^:: '.mi «uii/t:i^ ji 1.^; thu courses ntili. \- ;'. ,.,,ii M' - ■ t*^ft ' vlocity tif liu' i;uri .oit .iitis' . ?: .ii; '- - . ■..„:-■• * " 'liijitTt 'lit' ■ ■ l>' I'H. rt-i''-' .'■•• iy ,fi:!'\:.,,-- 'iUV] ■ill! Ill 1 1 I iM J.r.i. ti nip[)Ob6 ibiU the fesiilt is 'f ''and h o, and tl.if llif' a.stmriuniii4i.! f'o ordiiia-f an? a B nnd /> (.'' .• «,'icli oou'rsri \- then < ojTf i f>^ in ayiumth ly If J . i'i n •^fT-f 7- --■ -.tf V^\>i- •*^^ i' f **«bs KEPOKT OF TDE CHIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX B. 367 tho weather, combined to give an exceedingly wild and rugged appearance to the whole landscape. Meconnaissanccs. — Trails passed over, outside the belt of accurate sur- vey, were approximately surveyed. The basis of the survey was the iistronomical position of tho various camps, where observations were taken, n north and south stars for latitude, and east and west stars for time. The trail generally began and ended at points accurately known, and thus we had the means of determining the traveling rate of the chronometers. Be- tween the camps the courses were kept by a six-inch vernier compass, mounted on a jackstaif. Two light .^j* ing-cartii were employed, one carry- ing a man to set up flags on prominent points, and tho other the assistant with the compass, who sighted on the flags and sketched the topography. The distance was derived from odometer measurements. The courses and distances were jilotted, and then adjusted to agree with the astronomical work. The trails thus reconnoitered were, in 1873, from the Mouse River to Fort Totten; in 1874, from the Missouri to the Boundary along the two branches of Poplar River, the Meridian trail to Fort Shaw, the Rip- linger road fi'om the Boundary to Fort Shaw, and the stage road from Fort Shaw to Fort Benton. In addition to this, a leconnaissance of the course of the Missouri River was made while desce uling that stream in boats, in September, 1874. The astronomical camps, as before, were con- sidered as 'ixed points ; the courses between them were kept by compass- readings, an 1 tho distance was obtained from a record of the time combined with estimates of the velocity of the curreni, based upon some rough meas- '•ements by floats. To adjust the compass-work to conform to the astro- isomical pos!:k ns, the co-ordinates were first computed and summed alge- braically bet veen camps. B! Let us sup))ose that the result \% ah and h c, and that tho astronomical CO ordi nates aro a li and B C ; eacli course is then corrected in azimuth by 368 UNITED STATES NOKTUEUN IJOUNDAllY COMMISSION. m the angle c a C, and multiplied l)y a "factor of distance" represeming the ratio of a c to a C ; the co-ordinates are tiien recomputed, and their sum is found equal to a B and 13 C. The "factor of distance" varied from 0.85 at. Fort Benton to 0.57 near Bismarck, showing that the velocity of the current was always overestimated, and more at the lower part of the stream than the upj)er ; the mean was 0.6G. Our estimated distance, from Fort Benton to Bismarck, was one thousand two hundred and eighteen miles, agreeing closely with that of the steam- boat men; but the adjusted survey reduces this to 805.4 miles. It is believed ihat tliis reconnaissance is more accurate than auy other of its predeces.sors, ])articnlarly in the matter of longitudes I got good observations at fifteen of tlie seventeen intermediate camps, and had six chronometers to get the kmgitudes. The longitude of Fort Benton was fixed by an accurate recdimaissance from the Boundary -line. That of Bis- marck had been determined by telegraph From observations at these points I deduced the traveling-rates. The most important change from previous maps is in the longitude of the mouth or' the Muscle Shell River, near which we camped. We move the mouth to longitude 107^ 53' 18" from 108° 08' 52", as given on the engineer map of the Department of Dakota. The information gained from these various reconnaissances, and thoso made by other parties of the survey, has been combined to make the reconnaissance maps. The land-ofiice jjlats of the Canadian Dominion and the United States have been utilized to fill up the blanks near Red River and tlie headwaters of Sun River. Yotir recoimaissances in 18G9, In Dakota, have also been used. The rest of the map is our own. In the appendix is a sunnnary of the astronomical work. Construction of maps. — In the field, the topographical note-books were forwarded to me by the assistants in charge of small jjiirties. The lines were then platted on a scale of jjj^, upon protractor shect*^; \.^^^\. the topog- raphy filled up. It was not always possible to keep these field-plata up to the work in the field, but they were completed at once on returning to the office. After the stadia-notes had been reduced and adjusted, they were plotted by co-ordinates upon forty-five sheets of sujjer-royal paper, i HEHOHT OF TUB CHIEF ASTRONOMER, APl'EXDIX 15. 369 on a scale of 1 mile = 1 inch, or ^^. The topography was filk-d in by reducing from the field-plats. This formed the preliminary series )f maps, and represented a belt of country five miles in width, on the United States side of the line, and extending from Rainy River to the summit of the Rocky Mountains. Photolithographic copies of those were made as soon as they were finished, and these copies were furnished to the British Commission. They, in turn, furnished us with tracings of a similpr set of maps, showing their surveys on the northern side of the Boundary. From these two sets of preliminary maps the final joint series has be«-n con- structed, on a scale of 1 inch = 2 miles, or jJL_^, the reduction being made by squares. There are twenty-four sheets in this series. In both series the projection used was the polyconic. The forty-ninth parallel at Lake of the Woods being taken as the central ])arallel, each sheet was projected with reference to its own central meridian, and the parallel shown on the nifip was the parallel actually marked, including station -eiTors. The reconnaissance notes were reduced and adjusted in a similar man- ner, and then plotted on protractor sheets, on a scale of 1 inch =: 4 miles, or a.,^0- I''rom these, a reduction was made by squares, to a scale of ] inch = S miles, or — L.. The projection was polyconic; the central parallel being 48'' IT)', and eacli sheet beiag projected with reference to its own central nuM-idiiui; the borders being rectangular, the sheets join on the parallel of 47° ;3()', and overlap on the parallel of 49°. Each sheet is 20.54 by 15 inches. Six of these sheets show the gener".! outlines of the topography from the Rocky Mountains to the Lake of the Woods, and l)etween .he parallels of 47° ,'iO' and 41)° 10'. The seventh sheet is a jirofile along the boundary. The data for this are the barometric heights at the Unit('74. Tlie experience gained in carrying on a snvvey in the depths of wirier, in f). locality where the tempenitnro roacheil a point oO"^ below zero, was of such a novel character tliat I ihink a somewhat detailed account of it will not he otit of place. As pre%ionsly stated, on the conclusion of tlie snmraer's work at Fort Tdtten, \ on directed mo, October 2-i, 187"3, to proceed to Fort Pembina with ni}- parties, and complete the geodetic and topographical work between th(i Reake of the Woods, made four stations in eighty -nine miles. The Britisli parties had also made topo- graphical siu'vevs of t!ie six-mile belt on their side of the line, iiad cut sight-lines for their tangents, and had marked the parallel for thirty-one miles from the Lake of the Woods. Wo left Fort Totten on the 2r)th and arri\ ed at Fort Pembina, on the 2i(th of October. Tho greater part of this journey was over an open prairie from T\hich the grass Und been burne(t, and was made in the face of a northerly snow-storm. As we wove insufficiently clad, having only tho n»,^geii remains oi' rhe smnmer^^ outfit, we suffered considerably — moi'o Mwrliaps than during the •'♦■st of the winter. On anivinj? at Pembina 1 immediately began to leorganize tho parries and ]iio\idc then- outfit for the winter. I hired enough additional nron to catry tliu total strength nj) to forty-seven; of thv\*»(\ eight wore teamstcra :!7i :'li '(; 'l| li-^ 41; : i 372 UNITED STATES NOBTHEUX BOUNDAllY COMMISSION. B i and seven dog- drivers, the rest being divided into a tangent-pr rty and two stadia-parties. The ontfit to be provided inchided transportation, clothing, snow-shoes, forage, rations, tent-stoves, and iron tent-jiins. It was also necessary to over- hanl the tents, tools, and instrninents, which had been in constant use through- out the summer, and were all in need of repairs The best form of transportation wr.s a .subject upon which I asked the opinion of the settlers in the Red River Valley and the officers of the British Commission. 1 found that what was connnonly used in freighting along the Red River country in winter, on hard roads, was either wagon-beds mounted on runners or single ox-sleds; farther north, aroinid Lake Winnipeg where there are no roads, dog-sleds ai-e in universal use. ^J'lie Engliyh ofhcers advised me strongly to procure dog-.sleds at once, giving it as their oj)inion, based upon their exptn-ienceof the previous winter, that large animals could not make their way througli the .swamps. I tliouglit it best, however, to give the nmles a trial. I had four government wagons (six mules each), an ambulance (four mules), and three hired teams, two of which were drawn by two mules each, and th(> other liy a pair of oxen. After some difficulty I succeeded in procuring about Pembina a sufficient number of second- hand sleigh-runners, known by the freighters as " Maincite bol)s," for all the wagons. These were repaired and fitted with new tongues for long teams, and they answered the purpose very well. On hard i-oads the wagons weiu loaded as high as six thousand pounds, and the nuiles found no trouble in drawing them. Even in .soft sno"- 1!' . >_' was no troulile in hauling as much ;is could be loaded in the wagons, provided the animals could find a hard footing under the snow. In following the winding roads throiigh the woods great care was required in driving the long teams (six nudes), and even this was not always sufficient to keeji dear dt' the trees. At the end of every trip one or more Itobs would l)e broken ; fortunately then was ])l('nty of oak and ash available for r(']»iiirs, for during tlic ^\•iu^er tlic wood-Avork of every set of bobs had to be replaced. 'I'lie mules witlistood the extreme cold very well. Tliev were occasiounlly allowed to run loos(> daring tin; day, but at night were always tied up in the sludter of fiie thickest bri!t4i at hand, Imt witliout any covering. Their forage allowance, ns was to l>e expected, had RKrOBT OP THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER. APPENDIX P.. :}7:3 to 1)0 largely inci'eased. Of hay, each mulo consumed about forty pounds per day as food and bedding, an ample supply having been cut and stacked for onr use during the summer. There was no corn to be had in the country, and their grain was oats, wheat, and barley. Of this they consumed daily about twelve and one-quarter pounds each; an allowance greater by one- third than the Anny ration, and more than twice as largo as we had been feeding during the summer. I could detect no sickness or signs of weak- ness among the mules, and at the close of the season they were in nearly as good condition as at the beginning. Their superiority over oxen was clearl}' pro^■ed, as I had an ox-team with Mr. Doolittle's part}'. Their greatest daily travel was eighteen miles, against forty-four for the mules. At the close of the season they could only make eight miles a day, and Avere abandoned by their owner, whereas the mules carried us from Pem- bina to Georgetown, one; hundred and forty miles, over a heavy road, in live days. With these heavy teams 1 was enabled to get all the supplies for the winter transported to a depot at Point d'Orme, on the Roseau River, thirty -three miles from Pembina. I also used them for camp trans[)ortation until we came to the edge of the Great Roseau Swamp, about midway be- tween Red River and the Lake of the Woods. I tried an empty sleigh on this swamp, and, in so doing, mired tlu; mules to their bellies, and lamed one quite l)adly. To my great surprise it was found that the svvauq) was not frozen at all, in spite of the fact that we had already had the thermom- eter down to ;55'' below zero. The cxplanat' n of it was soon discovered. The swamp is covered with a tall and strong glass. Before the cold weather had come there had hcan a heavy fall of snow, which had bent ddwu the tops of the grass, but not into the water; the swamp was then covered, as with a blanket, with a foot or more of snow, separated from the water by a stratum of air. It formed a perfect protection for the water, whose tem- perature was slightly above the freezing-point. Tlie swamp being thus impassiiblo for the teams, I took them back to Point d'Orme, and thence followed up the Roseau River on the ice, which was about eighteen inches thick, to Roseau Lake, and thence up to the Pine Ridge Station. But as it was essential that the tangent shoulil bo carried across the swam]i, it was necessary to provide some sort of transportation I'' i I s.. ■,. p i ii 374 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. for Mr. Wilson and a small party. To this end T had the carpenters iniiko in camp three "tobogans" or flat trains, each to be driven by a single animal. These tobogans were made of two pine boards, fastened side by side with transverse cleats, and sprung up in front by hot water. This made, in fact, a rude sledge, twelve by two feet. Its load was packed after the fashion of a dog-sled. Before taking an animal on the swamp it was neces- sary to proj)are a road. To do this a party of men were sent ahead on snow- shoes, and by passing and repassing over the same ground the snow was packed and pressed into the water; it instantly froze, and in a few minutes was hard enough to hold several tons, and there was no danger of its thaw- ing for the next five months. Mr Wilson crossed his outfit in this way, and as the route was much shorter than by the river, 1 had the road widened by the same j)rocess of jjacking, and it was used by the large teams to bring su])plies up to Pino Uidgo Station. It was not a very safe road, however, for the drifting snow soon tilled it up to the level of the surrounding coun- try. It was not distinguishable bj' the eye, and had to be followed by feel- ing, the road being hard, and the rest very soft snow. If, by any careless- ness, a sleigh got a runner off the road and in the soft snow, the whole was instantly upset, and it recpiired several hours to right it again. This mislia]) occurred two or three times. liej'ond Pine Ridge the dense windfall along the line rendered the use of large sleighs cpiite imijossible. By following the ice on the streams, however, I managed to carry forward enough suj)plies to form a depot on the main Ivist Roseau River, about ten miles north of the line, and about thirty miles from the Lake of the Woods station. Beyond this depot dog-sleds were absolutely necessary, and I procured six of tiieni from Pembina, at a cost of about 880 for each train complete, including dogs. The dog-sled used in the Saskatchewan and Hudson's Bay country, consists of a straight piece of hickory, or ash board, about half an inch thick, ten feet huig and ten inches wide. The front end is bent uf), in the form of a curl, by steam. There are five transverse cleats which prevent the sleil iVom splitting, and afl'ord ])oints to which are attached the loops of buffalo thong used in lashing, 'i'o pack the .sled, a wrapper made of moose-skin is laid out flat across the sled and the load is placed on KEPOKT OF TUE CHIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX B. 375 it, as compactly as possible; tlio wrapper is then folded over and the lash- rope is passed through the loops on either side in succession, from front to rear, and tightly fastened. The team generally consists of four, or some- times iivo dogs, which are driven tandem. The pure Esquimaux dog is the best. His fur resembles that of a grizzly bear in length and color, and ho weighs from seventy to one hundred and twenty-five pounds, and is short and tliick set. I had only three of these in the whole number, the rest being a motley collection of largo curs of all kinds — the only requisite being strength. They averaged about eighty pninids in weight, were soon broken to harness, and worked very well. The most important dog in the team i.s, of course, the leader. If he is intelligent and willing, all goes well; if not, there is always trouble and often disaster. The harness con- sists of a light collar of moose-leather, padded with hair around a piece of one-fourth-inch iron, a pair of traces, and back and belly bands. Decora- tions in the shape of bells, fancily Avorked cloth covering the back, flags, itc, are added, according to the taste and means of the owner. The drivers which I hud were all half-breeds from Pembina. They were lazy and unreliable, and apparently very cruel to the dogs; but they got a great deal of work out of them, and were themselves capable of great endurance 1*!: i-;inning, and possessed of enormous gastronomic powers. The art of driving uogs consists in the adroit use of a whip, witii a short stock, but stout lash about si.\ feet long, and in an unbroken volley of oatlis in bad French. Wh(Mi traveling on a well-l«eaten road, the leader keeps tiie njad, and the driver follows at a half trot, in rear of the sled, cracking his whip and shouting to the dogs. Occasionally he thinks they are lagging, and ho runs out, alongside the team, and gives each dog a sound welting and cursing, beginning with the leader; the howling of the dogs and the shout- ing of the driver makes a very lively scene, for the time, but everything soon quiets down again. The cruelty of the drivers is more a[)parent than real, for the dogs begin to howl as soon as they see the whip, and as their fur is nearly six inches long, it takes a good stroke to make any impression. Occasionally, however, their cruelty is outrageous, and they beat their dogs for several minutes in succession. I saw one driver — not in ui}' employ — cut off a dog's ear with his whip, and as several of the dogs were minus an 'I .! I 5 I i > (I, 'ift :n() UNITHD STATKH NOKTIlKltN ItOlINDAUY COMMISSION. our when thoy ciimo to mo, I siipposo tho pmoticci is not nnconiinoii. Some, also, luul lost the sij>lit of ono oyo, which wus siiiil to ho iliu' to tho sumo ciuiso. On good roads such as ico, hard crust, or wcsll-packod snow, tho dor. They were well made, but rather small and light f'"' our work among brush and windfall. They generally broke at the point where the sides meet, near the rear end, and at the close <»f the season not one in fifteen puirs was fit for use. They nvasured forty inches in length, .and sixteen inches in width at the widest part, and weighed one and one-half pounds each. Those made nnd used by the Indians ab-Mit the Lake of tlie Woods measured sixty to seventy inches in length, fifteen inches in width, and weighed three and three-cjuarter jiounds. The sticks of which they iire made are an inch in cross-section, and will easily bear the weight of a man without breaking when caught on a stump. In regard to supplies of rations and forage, I had expected to purchase them from the commissary and quartermaster at Fort IVmbina, but he could only spare me ten thousand pounds of grain, and no rations. It therefore was necessary to procure everything from the Hudson's Bay and other stores about Pembina. The supplies were of excellent fjuality, but the rations cost IT) per cent, and the forage HO per cent, more than the govern- BEPOKT OF THE CHIEF ASTUONOMEU, APPENDIX B. 37U ment price. The camp-equipage was thoroughly overhauled and repaired as soon as we arrived at Pembina. For heating the tents I liad wifii me six Sibley stoves. In addition to these I had the blacksmith make eight box- stoves of light sheet-iron, 14 X 10 X 12 inches, and the necessary pipe. This gave one stove to nearly every tent, and some of the men's tents were joined together, end to end, so as to make one stove heat both. These box- stoves, although more difficult to transport, were in every other way sujie- rior to the Sibley. Water and dishes could be heated on them, which was a very important consideration when everything metallic was so cold in the morning that it could not be held with the naked hand. Moreover, we were often dependent on snow for water, and required some place to melt it, and, worst of all, we sometimes en-.-amped on a frozen swamp where the linj in a Sibley stove would melt the ice, which, in turn, would extinguish the fire Great care was required in guarding against fire with so many stoves. In spite of our caution, during the winter two tents wer«f entirely destroyed, with a considerable amount of clothing and bedding, and every tent we had was more or less punctured with spark-holes. Wo(tden tent-])ins were useless in the hard-frozen ground. The iron pins were very good, but many of them were lost in the snow, the men Iteing rather careless about them, since we alwa}s camped in thickets where the ropes could be secured to a bush or tree. The tents, thus urranged, and banked with three feet of snow on the outside, were very comfortable — that is, the temperature, during the day, was 35" or 40° against —20^ outside, and this, with our thick clothing, was sutliciont. I do not remember hearing a single complaint all winter of loss of sleep from cold, even when the nights were as cold as 45"^ below zero. With the large Hudson IJay blankets the me-i used to make a bed .«*trct(Iiiug across the tent, about eight thicknesses of blanket under them, and four thicknesses of blanket and a bufl'alo-robe over them, the whole well tucked in on the sides and ends. In this four men slejjt. Myself and assistants slept sej)arately, and each had a bag of buffalo-leather, eight feet long, and about the same in circumference. This was surrouudod, above and below, by several thicknesses of blanket, and tlu^ whole wiis strappeil up in the canvass bed-cov(*r. On first getting into it it was very cold, anti 380 UNITED STATES NOUTHKttN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. ' it required Iialf an hour for the heat of the body to warm it. After that wo slept without interruption till daylight While the preparationa for the winter were being made at Pembina the parties were not idle. The third day after our arrival enough leather suits were finished to clothe Mr. Doolittle's party, and a few nights before the thermometer had suddenly gone several degrees below zero, freezing the river to a depth of more than a foot, and rendering a crossing very simple; consequently I started him out, November 4, to begin topographical work at the twelve-mile ridge. From there he worked on to the east, and arrived at the Roseau River, where I vi.sited him on the 23d, and directed him to survey the course of that river on the ice, and close his line on the Pine Ridge Station. Wo all met there on the 15th December. About the r)th November I moved the other parties from Fort Pembina to the east bank of the Red Ifiver, near the Hudson's Bay post; hero I ob- served for azimuth, and began to trace the tangent eastward, and Mr. Wil- son and Mr. Downing made topographical surveys in the neighborhood. At the same time I sent out about twenty thousand pounds of supplies to form a depot near Point d'Urme, on the Roseau River. About the 20th November I finished the first tangent, and moved the parties to Lieutenant Galwey's Station at Roseau Ridge. Tlic thermometer had already been down in the minus twenties, and the winter was fairly begun. Nearly everything in the commissariat lino was frozen hard. The beef had to be sawed off in slabs like limestone; vinegar, if left in an open vessel, had to be chopped out with a hatchet ; several novices attempted to drink out of metallic cups without first warming them in water, and, as a result, left the skin of their lips on the cups ; the dark mules were white and glistening with frost in the morning; and various other novel and amusing effects of a minimum temperature were v/itnessed. At this station I observed for azimuth on three nights when the thermometer was 20° or more below zero. In antici- pation of the cohesion of the parts from the congealing of the oil, I had previously taken each instrument apart and carefully wiped off every par- ticle of lubricant with warm c(»tton in a hot room. I have since been told that black lead makes an excellent lubricant in extremely cold weather, but I did not know of this at the time, and it was hoped that, with perfectly 4 ■%■ f a/. T ■ 4t ■■^^ , ,> . .»i* 1, . ■• /. ■:i-i^./' . « '•■ -/ • » ■. ' ' J vsr \te.:y i<}iinwMS noi'NOAd I tiMMisaroN i»tly tn >v,'irm it. Afti'r tlmt w eU|)t witlifHit iutflrru|>ti<'» till <1^l^lt{J•ht. Wliilt' tlii- jjrcparati'Mis fur iho ninUM- wi-n^ hchit^ maUi'. ai f. liiiiii... tlio iiarticjf AMTf not idi«-. I'lio third diy after "ur urriv;,! vu()y\'^h Ic.ither M'lifs yityn- linif'hcd (i» rh'th' *li. I >im.'I! •!.•'.-■ m-,.}' \. .lixl a ffuv iii;i:hr.j Ijciurf th' thfrnixiM'^tor hail sjiii. > • j^vro, tV-'i-'Mif/ th.- '•i^. ' I th of mnr" '() >-■ ■. ! i....ii.. .1 At .h..' ... ; .. ■ i ■• . ... !• \V(.' ij!l mi.'t l(« I'ltli Dfoi mbij". Ii' ;'(tlt Nov.'Uil'Vr^ 1 uif>M)iHhi! iu,k uf tlu.' W('v |it.sr,; in'ir I nl.i- p. M..I till* ii'iiituth, an'l i.>v;;rtni I" inicv the t.itijii iit i.-ivvsn'i' H.i:i iuiil Mr l)o'.viu'ii;j Mcivl't t( ;j(H:nij>!iii ul nurvtysiii I'ii ik p \]u- s.iit) '' ' ' ! - M- ■••■ I ,'..'(■ i I ' ■■ ! II .! .11' .!- "mi *lf|"f I' r l.li!' 1ir- ' • I •Tiit'j'iait « lu'w". St.;iti>tn It IkitfM'iiiJ (u 1'.'. . 'I'hf . . I..i(t ills.' 1 !\ If-t-n ■\' » " liiiiHi?* t\v»Mitic,-, I'll! ",' I,' vvnitcr 'S.t» l;iiriv ix l.''"'- Nearly rV'-rv .■, i. • m couKiiixs'iriiit lirvc w i- ir^»:^ ii Ii:inl. )'!«• iii ' u -Li- I'i ■< 'Lrir-' ■••■• '■' '/.'ir. if lf(t in ui! \ijti a , : i .. , 'li r.'-h.w 'Mit •■i iimtnllic • iii>.« ^vith■>lll tirst 'Aiiriniiii; thoiU in v\!i.cr, .in-l a- i ;, li. i'l fhr -^.iii i/i (lb > !i,. . :i '• the- ihirk intiio wt-ro whit* iui'l ^I'-iti-i-iTiL'; 'vifh 't\*\ iii tlxj niif i,,iiiiiii •till '."ii-fi. Al thi^ -iiaiio:! [ olt>f;x.'fl t"'i !iiitnntl' lI: ■ ■ ■ nt'.'Hietvr Vi.r '-'<• i-r Jfj"i ' ' '•■ ' • 1.(1 .< |>,ifi<>u..i I t'- n/iJls t' ii'i ll.'- '■.Ill; ' ' i. .•( |»rcviou- ■: :Vj):).I !Ui'' ■< I <.jT ^ »ijir tich' i,if >»j t'l .■ s'O !•...' i'lti'ti fold tJiUt hhick i< ijd iiiKic i.n i ■ I ! sviMthrr. huf f did Hut Ivtuiv oi this ..i ". !■ .it u turned only slightly in azinnith during the observations ; then make a set of observations with lamp east — make a fresh setting — and observe with lamp west. Tlio meridian mark and tangent had then to be connected by a long series of repetitions, which gave very discouraging results, the only re- source being to take a great number of readings, and reject ail which differed very largely from the mean. The usual number of sets of observations for azimuth, in the sunnner, was four, and the range of them averaged 34" in 187i}, and 22" in 1874. During the winter it was found necessary to take from eight lo fifteen sets, to get even a tolerable result, and the average range was 1' 53". These poor results were all the more discouraging from the fact that they involved so much labor, and such great personal discomfoi't. If a tangent screw was touched with the bare fingers the instantaneous result was a " burn," and not a temporary sensation, but one like that from a liot iron, lasting several minutes. If the fingers were wet the metal clung to tlieni so tightly that ' ' ]i ■ n i; 1 i It ■1 ;}H2 IINITKI) STATKH NOHTIIRUN llOUNDARY COMMISSION. it could only bo removed with the skin. Tlio lamps burned nbout fifteen minutes before the oil congealed and extinguished them, henco it was neces- sary to have duplicate sets at the mark and about the instrument, ono set being constantly by the fire. For tlio comfort of the recorder, anatienco would overcome his antip- athy to leaving his warm bed, and lie woiild get up, whip in hand, and go through tho pack. Then the would-be musical howl would change into tho sharp "ki-yis" of pain and fear, supplemented by a choice selection of French imprecations, in which all tho other drivers joined from their tent. Then we would have quiet, btit only for a few hours, i linally obtained enough azimuth observations to satisfy myself that the English tangent was cor- rect, within the uncertainty of my observations, and then packed up to move over to the Lake of tho Woods. Tho breast-high windfall in tho intervening space being iibsolutely impassable for largo animals, I had given Mr. Doolittle four dog-sleds, keeping two for myself; so that I had to reduce my party to myself and two others, McKenney, a Scotch dog- driver, and King, an observatory attendant. Even then, I had to borrow some of Mr. Dooliftle's sleds when I reached his camp, for I had been five hours in making four miles The loads were top-heavy and upset every hundred yards. With the extra sleds we still made slow progress, and, at the close of the short day, had only traveled twelve miles. Wo stopped for supper, and then pushed on along the British cutting, on a cold but beau- : REPORT OK TIIK CHIEF ASTRONOMER, AI'PENOIX I), 385 tlfiilly clonr and moonlit ni^'Iit. Wo roacluMl tlio F.iik<' of tlio Woods Station a littlo boforo midnig'Iit. Wo liad I«'(>n wixti'fn iiours in iiassinic ovor seven- toon miles, and were rather dis<;nsted with snow-shoes and dojj-sh'ds, hnt wo wore satisfied tiiat no other animal hnt a do^ eonld have drawn a load throii^rh the thiekots, windfall, and swamps over which wo had jiasBcd. The next iiij^ht, December 31, was elear, and I pot good a/.imnth observations, and, UNITED STATIC XOIITFIERX HOUNDARY COMMISSIOX. oleiir up before I vcnturod on the open lake to return westward, wlion, on the night of January 11, about one o'clock, I was awakened by a scuillinj'' of the other men, and beheld our only tent in llames over my head. All our efforts to extin lead, as it was found that, after half an hour's peering' into the whirling •■vhiteness, it was iinjtossible ftir one to keep a straight course. Just at dark (about half ])ast four o'> .oek) wo eanu' in sight of a dark ]>oint of timber, and were sheltered from the storm. AVe i'elt our wav along the shore until about seven o'eloek, when 1 thou"ht I recognized the appearance of a jHiint of land near the station. After sev- eral minutes of yelling we brought I'orth a response i'wnn a man nana d i\rac(>y, whom T had left there with one tent. We got to bed .ibout tin o'clock, thoroughly exhausted with forty miles of travel, and t\ 'iitv-one hours without slei'p We were up the lU'xt morning at live, and snou ri'adv to continue our journey. ^IcKi'Uiu'y told me he knew a much biit(>r trail to return by than the horrible windfall along the boundary cutting, and, as he said it mms not nnu'li longer, I determined to follow it. We Ment south across a bay of the lake, for aliout eight miles, to an In- dian village at the nuuitli of War IJoad liivcr. Here we turned westward, through the woods and across open "nmskeages," and ke])t traveliu"- until nearly dark, when we sfopjied to rest. ^leKiinKy assuri d me now that it was only about eiglit miles to th( depot on Mast IJo.seau K'iver, and which I knew was on the trail. As 1 w;i - .'inxious to g('ero wet ; but as tlio temperature was somewhere about 20° below, our legs wore lustantly incased in a garment of ice which renilcred locomotion inii)ossiblo, and the dog-sleds had added about two hundred pounds to their loads in the shape of ice. The dogs lay down with perfect unconcern, glad of a rest, and wo cut sticks and began a vigorous beating, first of our leggins and ihen of the sleds, to detach the ice. Wo got our legs pretty well limbered, but could not clear the sleds, which were so heavy and so rough on the bottom that we had to abandon about half tho loads — everything in \\\vi but onr blankets, instruments, and records. Then we went on again, ^[cKenney and King with one sled, in front, and JIacey and myself with the other. ^[cKenne)- was a better driver than myself, and got more work out of his jaded dogs, and so was soon out of sight. We followed on the trail, hi>wever, occasionally losing it in the darkness, until, about ten o'clock, I discovered a lire ahead of us on tho trail, and coming uj) found that King's foot was very badly frozen, and he was in great i)ain. We thawed his foot with snow, and bound it in pieces of dry blanket, and then I particulaily warned JIcKenney not to get out of hear- ing of us, as the trail was very Idind. A few minutes after we had .started, however, I broke tlu' cord of my snow-shoe, and had to stoj) to repair it. W(^ .saw no more of 3[cKenney, oin- guide, till noon the next day. Macev and I were now on an open nuiskeage, where we had never been before, and as we had nothing to eat, and iiad abandoned our stoves, there was no use of camping, so we kept on. Presently tho lead-dog turned sharp to tho right and gi»t the sled stuck in a soft snow-baidv. We tried to move it along, but could get no work out of tlu' dogs, and so threw olT all the load except the I'ecords and chrondmeters. With an empty shtl we manageil to make the dogs move on shnvly, in a westward direction, while we took turns in feeling with onr hands t\)r the hard snow of the "road." Ihit we could not find it, and could not retrace onr steps, for our tracks were almost instantly covered up by the drifting snon-. In a tew minutes the dogs stopped short, and each scratched a little hole in tlie snow and lay down as if he intended to stay. We were so (>xh;uisted that we could hardly use th'- whip, but we plied it to the utmost of our strength, and accompanied with sliouts, to mgo them on. The oidy residt was a low moan as each (h>g curled closer and If HKPOHT or TIIK CIIIKF ASTltOXOMKH, AlM'KNniX 15. 389 Idiricd liiinsoli" (k'opor in the snow. Tlioy wore ntti'ily oxliniistcd. TIhmi wi' yt'lU'd in Ixipos of fiiuliiijj McKeiim'v, but witlioiit success. Tlio only thinj,'' loft lor Macey iuul niysclt" was to get ourselves out of the scrajui a.s hest wo could, lly the aid ol' some matches I wound the chrouomet«'rs (2.1 T) a. m.), and covered them and the records wilii the .slei<;h-wra|tper. Thou twisting the whip in the lead-dog's collar, to suggest what was in store for him when ho woko nj), we bade them good-by«', and started out to the westward, across the nmskeage. I had a good compass with me, and tho moving clouds occasionally reveided the stars, so that there was no dilliculty in k(>eping our course. I knew, also, that the sup]iIy-depot was on a river flowing north, and not more than fifteen miles oiV at the utmost, and that there was a sleigh-trail to the depot, but not beyond it, so that if we reached the river 1 woidd know whi
  1. rest for an instant. 1 lost conscious- ness, and was awakened by the thud of having fallen into (he snow. 1 was strongly po.s.ses.sed with the temptation to (piietly lie there, it was so com- fortabl(>. Hut 1 had just enough sen.se left to know that if 1 did lie there it would be three or foiu' days before 1 would be foui'd, for the wind cov- ered up our tracks at once; and in three days 1 woidd, undoubtedly, be frozen to death. So we trudged on through the snow, kuee-dee|), on our broken snow-slioes, tripping, and falling, and making perhaps a n\ile an hour, llu'ougli the long hours of the night, into the dim day-lireak and tlie earl\ hours of the morning. Still "'oint;' west, we had crossed the muskeati-e and come into some timber, but, as yet, had found no tracks, although 1 knew we nnist b(> Hearing the stream. Finally, near noon, we came to a small stream, and there, nearly covered by fresh siunv, but still nmnistak- able, w^'re snow shoe tracks. Maeey and I leaned up against a tree, and getting a good ready we yelled — all the breath there was in us. No answer. We rested awhile and tried it again, .'ind siill no auswei'! The tracks led 1 1 til! i ' I : ■ I i r 1 i I i ■M 1 III ■ 1' • < 1 390 UNITKI) STATKS NOUTIIKUN IJDUNDAUY COMMISSION. to the northwost, ami as tlicy would not take ns much out of our course, wo followed them. In ahoiit half an hour wo came upon a track, not three hours old (for the snow had fallen then), and erossinj^ the other at riyht angles. We sat down on the bank, and gathered breath, and yelled again. Wo almost jumped as an instantaneous reply came, seemingly not one hundred feet off. It was, in fact, not very much farther, and, moving in its direction, we soon beheld tlie river, tlio depot, and two men quietly unloadin;>' some hay. Our first (pu'stion, somewhat enraged, was, "How long has McKeinie)- been here?'' McKenne^/? They did not know any- thing about MeKenney — "had not seen him for a month." So it seemed that ho h.id been lost as well as ourselves. I immediately started a man out with a sled to hud tluiu, and to pick up my dogs and various articles which hii been abandoned, and then avo ate a mighty breakfast, after our t]iirt\ -hours' tramp. We were just finishing when wo heard the jingle of bells and the "marche! niarclie!" of a driver, and ilcKenney appeared with his ^ed, and King riding on it. It seems that when he discovered that he had left us behind, he waited a\ hile, and shouted to attract atten- tion Fi,.iing ill this he started to go on for a distance, but his dogs refused to move. King's foot now liegan to jiali '.lim s) much that he could not walk. In this dilennna there was nothi . to do but borrow in the .snow, and wait till the dogs wen^ enough rest o to go on. So JIcKenney had unhitched his dogs and dragged his sled i > the nearest point of timber. It was at th' place that my leader had tui.Kul off and wo had lost the trail, for McKenney found my dctgs there in 'he morning. Once in the woods they shoveled out the snow and got the erials for a fire, but discovered, to their dismay, that all the matches had been in King's pocket, and had been wet 'n his bath. There was a strong probability of freezing if they could not get a fire, so they searched c / particle of their bedding and clothes lor a stray match. At last, in ti.^ corner of the inside pocket of McKenney's overcoat, they did find an old stump, about half an inch long, but with the "sidphnr end". They took great precautions against its going out, and collected enough dry shavings for a first-class attempt at arson. Their efforts were successful, and with the fire once going tiiey were all right. They slept till morning and then came on. As soon as they had II 1 ! REPORT OF THE CIIIEK ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX B. 391 arrived I turnecl in and slei)t for oijrlitoon honrs. During this time my doga had been brought in, very hungry, but looking as bright and cheerful as possible, cxeej)t tlio leader, whose shoulder was fearfully swollen. I had to leave him behind; but, with the others and an empty sled, I started out tlic next day, January 15, for Pine liidge, and made the journey of twenty- five miles in six hours. There I fomid Mr. Downing v.ith the iield-])lots well advanced, and the next day I rode along in a "carriole" (light sleigh for one horse) to where Mr. Wilson was at work on the mounds across I'ne Great Roseau Swamp. 1 then sent a telegram to you asking for instructions about cutting the j)arallel, and ncciveil answer to clear it a width of ten feet, from the end of the IJritish cutting, nccU- Pine liidge, to lied Rivei-. This was intrusted to Mr. Wilson, lie also built the mounds along this interxal. Leaving Mr. Wilson engaged upon this work, I sent word to the East Roseau depot to cache enough sui)plics lor 31r. Doolittle and bring the rest to Pine Kidge, where 1 collected the sleighs, and moved them to Point (!'( )ruie, Jaiuuiry "JO. I remained here a week waiting for the other parties and completing my computations. During ihis week we had the coldest Mcather of the winter. On every iii"ht the theruiometer went down to 40" below zero or lower, and during the day it seldom reached as high as If)'" below. One night, just before going to bed, I looked at the two si)irit-ther- nionieters fastened to a tree, and they read Ki" and 47"' below. In the morning they recorded the astounding temperature of 50° and 51° below zero. Every one had slept soundly, however, inside of skin and blanket bags. The parties all an-ived at Point d'Oiine on the 2Gth of January, and 1 sent I\lr. Doolittle on to resnrvc y the b'ed River, on the ice, and left Mr. Wilsoh to linisli his cutting and mounds. Taking my dogs and an empty sled, 1 drove in to Fort Pembina, forty miles, in the nine hours of sun- li;;ht, on January J7, and began to settle np accounts and get ready to turn t(»wai1h' (1th disrIiaiLicil alxiut half the nun. 'I'he j i ■ \ \'.\ • \ 1 ii: li r r i li fi n II i 392 UNITED STATES NOIJTIIKUN BOUNUAUY COMMISSION. next morning, with the biihince of the men and the six heavy sleighs, I started scmth lor the raihoads ol" Minnesota. We made the journey to Fort Abercrombie, one hundred and eighty miles, in five and a half days, during which we suffered greatly on the open prairie from the eold and the driving snow. At Kort Abercrombie I sent the train of sleighs, under Wagon- master Kstes, across country to Saint Cloud to report there to Lieutenant Ladley. With the rest of the men I took the cars at lireckiin-idge for Saint Paul, where we arrived February 1 G. The parties were disbanded and paid off the same da}-. OKNERAL DKSCKIPTION OF TIIK COUNTRY. The flat, treeless valley of the Red River extends on the east for twelve miles; here a gentle ridge is encountered about thirty feet high and run- ning in a northwest and southeast direction. For the next twenty miles to the Roseau River the country is slightly broken. The knolls are covereil with small ])0[)lars, and the intervening hollows are marshy and full of large granite bowlders, lieyond the Roseau River the country entirely changes. The woods are dense — at first of oak, elm, and ash, gradually giving place to spruce and pine and then to tamarack. The la.st forty-iive miles to the Lake of the Woods may be chaiacterized as one vast tamarack swamp, with large openings of "nniskeage." This is not only true along the Fortj-ninth Parallel, but wherever 1 penetrated back from the .shore of tlie Lake of the Woods the same character of country was found. Some of the Norway pine grows to a large size — three feet and more in diameter — but nearly all of it has been taken out by bunbermen and rafted down to Fort Garry, so that now there is no considerable amount of valuable tiudjer ahmg the line. Except the l{eriiiiiy -.. Mari'li April May June iMir tli« yrar inyi-'ix Monn. Max. Miii. Kaiii-fall (>7. t;."i. f);i. 41. 1^. - r>. - 1. ■1. 1-.'. ri:i, CiT. ■M.Ui a? It I Ki 77 :ii :!i :i:t 4:! til HI 9i 97 :u •J.'i v> 'J8 51 40 HI .10 ll'i 21) IiichfH, :t. 09 &i I.e.? 1. u\ r>:! 2.9.-> 41 ;i.-> ;!;• 'J. u •J. 91 17.14 187:!-'74. Moan. Max. Miii. Rain-fall, C7. 10 Gli. 4;! 47. 7H 3li. :!7 iri.Ci? (i.7li - 3. 17 :;.;:9 l-J. 1 1 :io. :v.' .'■>7. 0.1 G(i. '■!•.) 3:!. 81 89 91 HI 82 4.'-. :!.-> :i7 ;!•.> 47 7(i d-i 91 34 i>4 a 25 ii7 44 ;!',> a9 4 27 3:! 9-( — 44 Jiichra. l.:!0 •J. ;i8 y. 05 5G m 18 'J(> 'J5 :i5 ao 1.55 3.41 13.15 UEPOIIT OF THE CniEP ASTRONOMER, API'KNDIX B. 395 For purposca of comparison, I add the annual mean temperatures at the coldest posts in the United States, and at a few other jioiiits, from data kindly furnished by the Chief Signal Ollicer of tho Army. Mean temperatures. TortH. Territory. Latitado. 1 4-1 57 41 i ,VJ 4('> ;!0 '\-i 00 47 :u 4(i 40 40 a? 45 45 4(1 40 4(! 17 44 h:\ 57 O.i 14 41 47 I.-. 47 :!0 41) .Ml Ot 00 00 5'J 20 VciirH. Annual nil' an tuini). Aiitlior PlfMll>i':a • . St'wunl Ui:h1v Itnforil Dakota . do lH70-'74 '71 1672-'74 l870-'74 lM70-'74 lH72-'74 1h70-'71 ( IH71-'7:1 \ ^•72-'71 1^70 -'74 Hro-'74 1 ■70-'74 l--7(l-'71 lri70-'71 lS70-'74 Ifi70-'7I "VHi.vn lH(;7-'70 1)0 V'-iirn. i.-'r)!)-'7i o :!4. :t7.o ;!7. :!-i. II :iH. .-, IIH.H :!'.i. :i 1 40.1 41. ;i 41.0 4-'. !) 4:1. C. 4;i. u 44. 4 44. 7 :i-.'. (i ;i7. ;w. ;w. 5 41.8 1 i 1 t Ciiriilar No. H, Siir- ;. tj.Miii-Oniicrrtl'HOIlici', i;. .S. Army. 1 1 1 i i 1 ;\v.son. I !"• liiuiuD. .. 1. :; intz. ...ULiiid. Miclii^un Dakota SIcVl'll-UM . , liuktT AlicrcKiiiiliio I'.llis KWi- Ml Ill Snclliii;; SilU:i . i'lallsliciin Itl'IliUIl Sliaw \Viiiiii|i. ; SI. IVl. I'.slmrjt Do Stocklioliii ..... lid Dakota .Monti\nii Dakota ilo Miniii'sula Alaska Nc'.v Yolk Montana .....lo Miinitobiv Ici.laml Russia ....ilo Swediii j , n il . il I :\ w 896 UNITED STATES NOUTOEKN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. ASTRONOMICAL POSITIONS ON HECONNAISSANCHS. LONiJlTUUK.-*. On rcconnai»»ttner from teeond cro»gin<) of iW<»i/((r Hirer U> Fort Pembina via Fort Totten, by Lieut. F. V. (ireene, iST.J. Chr. Error on Wuhli- iiigtvu tiiiif. 1 Error on lonil 1 tinit'. k. m. H. FiiHt :i4 41. *i Fust C 44 ti&.O Loagttui'e from \Viuiliin);tou. Stiition nnil iliitc. Kcniiirkn. 14.V. U5;i A. ni. IT. Slow 1 111 W. •.'(•) Fu»t 4 M •.'1.74 h. m. ». 1 54 :i:t.8(i Limt. (iiilwi-y'n Motion, oil l'o|i- liir UiviT, Oi'l. 30, 1873. rhr. Ilain. 14.V. I,oniii){. .. 4'.34 S».'>;i LoBiug... 4».08 M.V. mi alow 1 ai 5,%.6Kivcr,Oct. ir..4. Poliirin... 48 3'.t 40.7 frt-Biwi ... :18 13.5 I Mrnn 1 38 4;l. 7 101° 44' 01". 3 Mean.. 48 38 57.1 | OKI Slow 1 20 .^0. 4 rasl 4 4'.l 27. FiiHt 17 l:t.8 Fust G 27 :!r.. O 1 :i8 04. 2 OH. !) Monne River, Oct. 10.4. Polnris .. 48 23 23.8 f l'c(»iini . . . 10. 3 Monn 1 38 Oli. r. 101° 34' 44". 1 Mfiiii.. 48 23 19.7 , 14,W 1 i»r.:t 1 alow I 21 01. :i KiiHt 4 41» i:>.8 Fu»l M 22. :i Flint 24 4.".. !• 1 3.-. 23. (! 30. 1 Mfiin 1 3:> •M.t< Oct. 18.y. 100^ r.r 48". I4r.r. Slow 1 21 Oil.O Fust 4 4l» l!i.2 FiiMt 11 r>i. 1 Flint 22 10. y 1 32 .^7. 1 01.7 Oct. 1'.>.3. mv 17' rifl''.8 Moan 1 32 r><.>. 4 AquiliP .. 48 02 40.3 Slow 1 21 07.8 VaM 4 41) 10.7 FiLst 10 20.fi Flint (5 20 42. r. 1 31 28.4 31.8 Oct. 20.4. I'olarin... 48 00 58.1 ! e rcjjiini ... 2.'). 3 Mkiui 1 31 30. 1 •tiF K'' 37". 3 Mciin.. 48 00 41.7 14,M U5:i Slow I 21 12.1 FiiHt 4 4'.t Oti.d Flint 8 0:t.8 Font ti 18 2.'i.;i 1 29 i.^.. n IH.T Oct. 21.4. PoliiriH... 47 f.8 21.0 flVnasi... 25.9. Mean 1 21t 17.3 m° 22' 25". 3 Mean.. 47 M 25.0 M.V !tr);i Slow 1 21 2;t.4 Fust 4 48 50. Flint C 20. :\ Fiuit « lli 47. a 1 27 4'.l.7 .M.a Mvnii 1 27 r>l>. 4 C.nnip iiciir Fort Tottcti, Oct. 24.0. 'M° 00' 42". (i ill i •I RErOUT OF TUK CHIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX R. ASTItONOMICAIi roaiTIONS. 3J)7 station. Liitltiulc. LonKilnili' Illitilll |lll.:i 101 :I4 14. I 100 r.4 4^.(1 KXt 17 :. ;i on 00 I2. tfj 01 :i-. 1 ASTRONOMICAL POSITION OV CAMl'S. Rcconnaismttce from Fort liuford to Forty ninth ParalM, June, 1S7I, hy Lieut. F. V. Greene, Vht. ICrioi- on Wnsli- 1111 liiiii'. Krroron local tiiiic. Loii^iMitli' from \Va.sliiiif;loii. Slalion ami dale. IJcniarkn. iir,r. or.;t Slow Slow h. III. 9. 2 01 2H.7 2 07 ;i4, ;t slow- Slow III. «. i;i 17.7 10 .">:t.;t h. III. n. 1 17 41.0 41.0 Fort Itiifonl, .liini' 20. (7ir. ii:..-. O.'.ll HiileH I.osint; .. :iM'>l (Jainin;;.. OM05 Monii 1 47 41.0 lOltJ :,»' 20" 1I.-.1 0.">:i Slow Slow 2 0-2 Pfi.O 2 07 20. 2 Slow Slow .^ 2-'. 1 10 ,-.l.:i 1 .'.0 ;i7. :I7. M.'rtii 1 .'.(■) :17.0 V. S. Ast. Station No. 12. ni-ar Went Top la r i; i v i-r, .hiiir :io.:i;i. im;. 12' :i,v' iMliluilai. 40 Ii0 (10 Mr.r> Slow Slow 2 01 40.0 2 07 ;12. Slow Slow- 11 :w.:i 17 2(i.2 1 r)0 07.0 00. 4 Crossing of Ui^ Mll(l(l.v,,lMiir2;!.4. 10 h^ ;14' ,^,0" Snn 4s 08 V,.:, P..lai-iH.. llO.ti Mean.. 4-1 OS 12.(1 .M.'an 1 .'■.0 07 or.;i Slow Slow 2 01 40.0 2 07 ;ti.s Slow Slow 10 2:t.H 10 11.4 I ,M 21!. S 20. 1 Mraii I .M 2-.'. I I'rcncliinan's Point , on Misw'iui Kivrr, .Iniic21.04. 101' r.:t' 411" Polaris .. 48 08 40.4 Sun l-.'.O Mran.. 48 0-* 20.2 M."> Slow- Slow 2 01 ,'-.1.7 2 07 lit. I Slow Slow 4X.0 l.'i 22.1! 1 .-.2 o:i.T (H. 8 I'ar-n on I'ophir li'ni'i-, .IiMH' 20.4. i(ir,-' 01' 40" Polaris.. 4S Id i:!. 1 Snn ls.:i .Moan.. 48 10 ISO. 7 Miai 1 ."12 00.2 1455 Slow Slow 2 01 .W. 2 07 30. 2 Slow Slow 8 :i-2.8 14 00.4 1 r.;! 20. 2 20. 8 t'anip on PoiOar Hivi T, .liiiu' •J.-.4. lOS" 24' 00" Polaris.. 48 44 112.2 Snn ()■-'. 5 Moan 1 :>:! 23. 5 Moan.. 48 44 17.3 h> ;ii ! ;l a I' "!if ■M !fi y{)8 UNITI TATES NOHTUKKN UOUNDAHY COMMISSION. Reconnaissance from Little Itoelji Cmlto I'nitnl Slatis Astronomical Station •>'■ . Ill, rin Fort Tiinidi), Inj Litut. I', V, (Inriu; 1.S7I. Cbr. Error i.ii Wiisli- iii);tiiii l.iii Kmiroii li.riil liini'. l.nii^itiiili' from \ViiHliiri),'toii. Btiition mill ilntr. l{"iiinrl.«. HriT. /i. III. Slow V! <".' 1 Blow -J V' s;., ; III. «. slow ;i 2r.. 2 Slow B ;i;i.o Ii. m. », 1 r.- r.3.7 f.;i. 7 Miiin I M r,;). 7 Llttli'IJoiUyCivi'li, July 4.;i. lOCO 40' 31". r. ir . 1 Halm. • I.oHiii); . . 2'.7 1 f tJnuiili;; 0"..M>I LiUitmli^. W OU OU Mr.5 i! O'i :!l.ll S! 07 'J 1. 4 Slow 1 O-'.J Slow U 01.11 2 01 22.8 22. ^ Minn 2 nl 22. H i;. 8. AM. Stnlii.ii No. 1.1, .liil.v H.:;:.. 107-^ 2:r 4rt".2 ■i;i 00 00 l45r> •J 0-.' '.'.-.. rt 2 (.7 •.'.'.. r. 2 i:i.7 7 11.:. 2 00 12. 1 11.0 .Minn 2 00 ll.f. 107'^ 00' 00" 1 liiiis.. 4^ 1". 20. .'i pliiiii'lii .1 :iti. .'• .M.Mii.. 4- i:. 00 14:..". 1)J3 2 02 S-" 2 07 il. . 1 I 0-'. H oil. r. 2 01 i;\4 IM..-, July 7.31. I III liirH.. 4- .■ 1 11.7 iiiiiiii'iii Oil. r. .Mian 2 01 I'.i.O 107'^ 22' 00" Mciiti.. if ;,i us. a 1 ! licconnuiK.iinicc of lii2)Un -MA a Aqnilio 07.7 ■an 48 39 ID.t) l'i.!;.;is 48 20 .".O a Antiilio 10 .'.-1 Cut Bank Ilivcr. Birch Creek, MiuUlyFnrk. Ti'ti.ii liiver. :,,'nn 48 20 21 r..i.MU 47 59 li'..:. oA<|tiliu 53-11.7 .Ncan 17 :» \:> I'liLiiis 17 17 2.'!. It a .'■']■. 'in 40 35.2 " nil 47 47 00.2 Uto^ HKl'OHT OF TlIK CIIIICP ASTUONOMIOIt, Al'l'ICNDlX It. ;}•)'.( Sextant latUuilcn on Shaw moiiUaii, Inj Lit lit, F. V, Gnriic. Dutu. I.Utilll(l0. Li>ii;(Uu>K'. ItciiiiirkM. SiiitcuibiT 4 Si'|itoniljor 8 Soiitonilicr 8 / tt I'dlaiin 48 4.-I I'.t.fi a A<|i)IIiu rj. 1 " 111 40 111 45 (1.-I.1 HI 4S Meon 48 4.") :10.H 40 00 00 Polaris 47 :ii o:i.:i Oil iiiinti lukn. Initial (iciiiit of Rliitw iiii liiliaii. Aliiitil l,r.(HI fi'i't ca.Hl i.rila};-Hlair lit r.irt Hliaw. Sr.iiaxt latitude on trail near «priii(i, alioiit half iraii hcttran Vort SIkiiv ami Fmi Hciilaii, III/ Lit III. /•'. r. (tiriiir. Uatr. Srpt('Iinn'l' 10 l^atitiiiti*. Of n I'nlaiiM 47 4:1 '-'•.•■7 (1 Aiinil;u It', w l,iiii;j;itt,ili-. It'i'iimiliH. Xlcaii 4* 4'.1 111. Ti MISSOL'KI lilVKU. Longituihii and latituilcs. Chr. Krror mi Wasli- I'lror on local I.oiifiilndo from Station niid lu'iiiailis. intitiiii tiiiii'. llnii'. \\'a>liiii^t(Hi. (late. h. III. «. A. III. n. Ii. Ill, ». unit sImw 'J OH ;i-.'. 1 l.-.M sIdw 1 ir. l:i.-.' I'ast. wj lii.r. •J M 'J.'.c Poll llciilon, lln-. Hdlin. •2X, I'a.st. !l .'■.li l-.'.ll Si'pl. 10.1. 1110 l.oMin^. .. o".70 I.M:( Sjiuv 1 1: li.'.ll I'asl, ^7 -JI.'J l.-l 1 (lal'iinn.. O'.'.ill Mt^I Slow 11 (10 .'.(i. 1 V*'.'*' I.iislnn-.- l"0;i Ifr- I'ast \->. ;t lUP ISO' 48" 1.M:I 11-1 LoviiifT... (M..-,7 (liiiiiin^.. P". 1:1 i:!l'.i Slow 'J 10 0-1. •.> 1?'8 l.o.vlll;; • • . oM'. 1..1I Slow 1 11 r.i.o I'ast •JO l'> 1 X..OG 11 i K in a r i- k , •JH.". l-'ast It :<:, .^o. ii ().t. 1.0. i.-.i;! Slow 1 47 1 1. 1 IM Slow li 00 17. .') ■ \6r Fast ;il>. (i 100-5 .ly ;)()". ,; J.illillllhu. i;ni) Slow a no nn. 4 I'ast, 'J I'.'. 2 U .^->.3 Sept. Kl. l'..laris . .17 4- .--.-'.'o 1 i\ Slow 1 l.-i 10.8 I'lmt 50 ;!U. 1 49. 'J n Aciniln' .. 4!) 0(1. •j;;r> I'ast 'J r.ll oy. 3 l,-.i;i .Slow 1 47 01.1 Mian.. 17 40 (y.7 IHI Slow (1 00 ,"). ;! 18- I'aMt 44. a Fust a 13 40. 7, no. 3 Moan.. 2 11 r.v'.H lUFOl' 17". 8 •f I I I t'l (j .^ ff I 11 ■: i t a I' ill i ■I 'i a '■ 400 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. Longitudes and latitudes — Continued. Chr. Error on Wush- iiii'toii time. Error on locul tinio. 131!) ir.l4 '.';!f> i:.i:! U'i\ Itie innt ir>i.» •j;;n 151:1 it.-'i l«r IIU'J l-pll i:.i:i iit i,->i;! 14-1 1 Slow iSlow I'ilSt iSloHT Slow FlIHt Slow Slow lust Slow- Slow Fust Slow Slow l'a»t Slow Slow Fast Slow- Slow Fast Slow Slow Fast Slow Slow I'ast Slow Slow Fabt Slow. Slow I'ast Slow Slow Fast h VI. s. 2 Oi) 4a. 1 l.-> 10. 9 fili 08. 1 47 04. C 00 54. 4;i. 2 09 47. 5 1 15 08. 1 9 50 00. a 1 47 05. 8 G 00 54.0 4:j.0 2 09 5a. 9 1 15 Oli.2 a 50 04. 2 1 47 00.9 G 00 5:t. a 42.1 2 09 55. 4 1 15 o."..;t 9 5(i 0;!. 2 1 47 07.5 00 52. 8 41.7 2 09 5^. 1 1 15 04. 4 9 .50 Oi.a 1 47 08. 1 00 52. M 41. a 2 10 00. 8 1 15 o:t. 5 9 50 01. 1 1 47 08.0 00 51.9 40. K i:il9 Slow i:.i4 slow 2; 5' Fast 1.M3 Slow 14fl Slow (10 1 8 I HSt 2 10 0:!.(i 1 15 02.5 1) .'li 0(1. 1 1 17 09.2 '.1.5 10. 4 h. VI. 8. Slow 1 19.2 Fast 5;t 12.8 Fust 12 04 34. C Fust 21 20.7 Slow 3 52 29. 5 Fast 2 09 11.9 Slow Fust G 23.9 48 1G.0 Fust II .59 31.3 Fust Slmv 3 Fast 2 10 20.4 .57 20. 8 04 11.4 Slow 11 31.0 IVt 43 1(;.4 Fust 11 54 25. 1 Fast II 10.9 slow 4 02 2H.9 Fust 1 59 09. 4 Slow Fast Fast 11 I'ast Slow 4 13 13.9 41 37. a 52 43 9 35.7 04 09.5 Fust 1 57 28. 3 .Slow Ifi 01.7 Fast 38 53.8 Fast 11 49 .5(i.9 Fust 49.7 Fast 1 54 43.4 Slow 18 30.0 Fast 30 27. 7 Fast 11 47 29.7 Fast 4 21.0 Fa.- Fast 1 21.'.) Slow 4 12 l-.H Fast 1 49 14.0 Loii);ltnt1o from Wusbington. h. m. a 08 8. 22.9 22. 4 26. 3 2.5. 4 25. 4 28.1 Mean.. 2 08 2.5.1 2 03 23. (•) 24. 1 25. 1 20.2 27.2 28.4 Mean.. 2 03 25.8 1 58 21. 9 22. G 20. 9 23.8 24. 3 27.3 Mean.. 1 .58 23.4 1 56 41.5 42. 5 39. 8 43. 2 43. 3 4(i. (•> Mean.. 1 .50 42.8 1 53 5(!. 4 58. 2 .54.7 57.8 02. 1 Mean.. 1 ,53 .57.8 1 51 30.2 31.2 2.-'.(; 30.2 Slean. 33. 2 1 51 30.7 1 48 30. .| 32. 1 29. .5 01! 1 32. 7 ::3. Mean.. 1 48 31.0 Station and date. Sept. 14. 109<: 09' 22". 3 Sept. 16. 1070 54' 32". 8 Sept. 18. 100° 38' 56'. 8 Sept. 19. 106" 13' 47". 8 Sept. 20. 105° 32' 32". 8 Remarks. Polaris . aAquila; . 47 46 53.2 53. 9 Mean.. 47 46 53.5 Polaris . a Aqniltc . 47 27 50.7 28 01.6 Moan.. 47 27 .56.1 Polaris a AquilfD 47 47 07. 40 .56.5 Mean.. 47 47 01.7 Polaris aAquiliB 48 01 37. 5 36. 2 Mean.. 48 01 30.8 Polaris . a Aquilo) 48 04 10. 13.7 Moan.. 48 04 11.8 Sept. 21. Polaris . a Aquila; . Mean . 48 06 09 05 55 48 06 02 104° .55' 40". 3 Sept. 22. Polaris . a AqniliD . Mean. 48 02 ,59. 5 03 11.5 48 03 02.5 104° 10' GO". 8 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX B. 401 Longitudes and latitudes — Contiuued. Cbr. Error on Wash- ington time. Error on local time. Ln"cit'i(lo from Wasbinjj'on. Station and (late. Remarks. 1319 1514 235 1513 1481 188 1319 1514 235 1513 1181 188 1319 1514 235 1513 148 ISs 1319 1514 2::5 15i:l 14H1 188 1514 1319 1514 235 l.-.i;i 1481 188 1319 1514 235 1513 1481 188 1319 Slow Slow .Slow Slow Fast Slow Slow Fast Slow Slow Fast Slow Slow Fast Slow Slow Fast Slow Slow Fast Slow Slow Slow Fast Slow Slow Fast Slow Slow l''ast Slow Slow Fast Slow /i, ni. 8. 2 10 00.3 1 15 01. 5 2 10 09. 1 1 15 00. G 9 55 58. 1 1 47 10. 4 6 00 50. G 39.0 2 10 11.8 1 14 ,59.0 9 55 .57. 1 1 47 11.0 6 00 r,o. 1 39.1 2 10 14.5 1 14 58.7 9 55 .5(i. 1 1 47 11.5 00 49.7 3,8.7 1 14 .57.8 2 10 20. 1 1 14 5(i.8 9 .-^,5 54. 1 1 47 12.7 G 00 48.8 37.8 2 10 22. 8 1 14 ,5,5.9 9 ,55 53. 1 1 47 13. 3 G 00 4". 4 37.4 2 10 OG. 3 h. m. t. Slow 22 2(i. 8 Fast 32 34. C Slow 24 35. 1 Fast 30 34.9 Fast 11 41 31.8 Slow I :...3 Slow 4 IF Vi.8 Fast 1 '!c 17.2 Slow 27 27. 5 Fast 27 48.2 Fast 11 38 42. Slow 4 21.2 Slow 4 18 01.2 Fast 1 43 27. 3 Slow 29 20 Fast 25 48.0 Fast 11 3(i 45.9 Slow 19. 1 Slow 4 19 5fi. 9 Fast 1 41 31.8 Fast 23 53.0 Slow 33 09. 9 Fast 22 10.2 Fast 11 33 0,5.2 .Slow 10 01.0 Slow 4 23 30.5 Fast 1 37 51.3 Slow 34 ,52.7 Fast 20 3,5.2 Fast 11 31 2i.() Slow n 42.0 Slow 4 25 17.2 Fast 1 30 09.5 Slow 22 26. 8 h. m. 1. 1 47 30. 1 Near Fort Bn- ford, Sept. 23. Sept. 24. 103° 27' 02". 8 Sept. 25. 102° 44' 56". 8 Sept. 26. 103° 15' 40". 3 Sept. 27. Sept. 28. 101° 21' 05". 8 Sept. 29. 100° 55' 50". 8 Fort Bnford. Po'aris . . 47 58 58. 8 oAquiliD.. 59 20.8 Mean.. 47 59 09.8 Polaris .. 48 02 09.8 aAquilm .. 01 12.8 1 47 36. 1 1 45 34.0 3.5. 5 33.7 37.1 30.8 37. C Mean.. 48 01 41.3 Polaris.. 48 06 50.7 Polaris .. 47 46 21 Aquila .. 45 ,53.9 Mean.. 1 45 3,5.8 1 42 44.3 47.8 4.5.5 49. H 48.9 48.2 Mean.. 1 42 47.4 1 40 48. 47.3 49.8 52.4 52.8 53.1 Mean.. 47 46 07.5 Polaiis .. 47 31 33.3 a Aqnila) .. 21.0 j Mean.. I 40 50.7 1 38 50. 8 1 38 50. 8 1 37 10.2 13.0 1 1.1 11.7 12. 3 13. 5 Mean.. 47 31 27.5 Polaris .. 47 20 58.8 a Aquilo) .. 21 10.8 Mean.. 47 21 07.8 Polaris .. 47 07 11 8 a Aqiiila) .. 15.0 .Mean.. 1 37 12.0 1 35 30. 1 31.1 30.5 30.7 31.2 32.1 Mean.. 1 35 31.0 1 47 39.5 Mean.. 47 07 08.7 By zenith telescope, Cai)t. Oitgory : 47 59 22."l9 1 47 39.5 M B- -20 HP liii 8 r ' 1 1 !■ f I 1 .1 l»' ' ' 402 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION, STATION ERRORS ON THE 49TH PARALLEL OF LATITUDE, BETWEEN THE LAKE OF THE WOODS AND THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS. D. J. n. V-iA + B) Stntious. Stfttioii errors, mean Computed dcflee- tioim 1 to 10 mica. Compii'id deflec- Unoxplnined drflec- liarallol = 0. tioDS 10 to 40 miles. tioiiH. 1 — 2.31 — .007 — 2.30 2 + 1.52 + 1.52 3 + 2.33 + 2. 33 4 + 3.28 — .15 + 3. 43 5 + 3..-)0 — .23 + 3. 73 (i + 2.95 - .42 — .27 + 3.04 7 + 2.22 — .09 — .40 + 2.77 8 + 1.40 — .30 + 1.70 !) — .21 — .54 + .33 10 — 1.78 - .09 — 1. 10 - ..53 u — .78 — .15 — .74 + .11 Vi + .00 — .05 + .71 Kt — .30 — .40 + .10 14 — 1.91 — .08 — 1.23 15 — 2.23 — .(?3 — 1.40 IG — .50 — .92 + .42 17 — .31 — 1.07 + .70 18 — .94 — .99 + .05 19 + 1.-7 — .38 + 2. 15 'JO — 1.91 + .10 — 2.01 ai — .81 + .80 — 1.00 2-i + .98 + 1.50 — .52 '.':t - .76 + 1.90 — 2.00 24 + 1.54 + 3.29 — 1.75 U5 + 2.00 + 2. 10 — .10 aC) + 3. .55 + 2.r-5 + .70 27 + 3. 03 + 2. 80 + .83 28 + l.OI + 2.03 - .42 2'J + .5.94 + 1.38 + 4.56 :{0 + 4.30 + .99 + 3.31 31 + 2.09 + .95 + 1.14 :w - .07 — 1.43 + .70 :i:! — 5.32 — 2.31 — 1.77 — 1.84 34 - 7.95 - 7.25 — 1.:'7 4- .07 33 — . (>7 — 1. '4 + .37 30 f,.^ — 1 00 + .48 37 — l!l7 t 38 — 3. 42 f> 39 — O.Olt f 40 — 2. 42 t 41 — 1.00 f a 43". 97 43". 9-1 30 '.09 15". 62 Mt':l 118 . . . 2'.I4() 1".442 In the precceding table, the column D contains the "Station-errors", or the discrepancies between each astronomical dtjtermination of the paral- lel and the mean parallel. The mean parallel is that with reference to which the sum of the discrepancies north is equal to the sum of those south; its REPORT OP THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX B. 403 position is determined by referring- all the discrepancies to one station and dividing their algebraic sum by 41. It will be noticed that the first and last stations (Kos. 1 and 40) observed by this commission difTer from each other by only 0".l 1 in latitude, although 316 miles apart. The least discrepancy between adjacent stations is between Nos. 35 and 3G, where at a distance of 24.6 miles from each other, the astronomical latitudes differ only 0".l5; the largest discrepancy is near the Sweet Grass Hills between Nos. 34 and 35, where the latitudes difTer by •^*^- c^i, 738 feet, or 7".28. The most northerly (No. 29) is nearly 14" north of the A< ^'^^^ ^ ^' ^' most southerly (No. 34). The mean deflection is 2". 146. These r, suits are shown more clearly on the accompanying diagram. Tiio upper figure represents a profile of the country constructed from observations with the mercurial barometer at the astronomical stations and from trigonometric leveling in the intermediate points; tlio lower figure shows the main features of the topography for a distance of forty miles on each side of the lino. The middle figure is a rc])resentation (exaggerated more than 200 times) of the relative positions of the astronomical and mean parallels. The scales are given for each figure (pp. 2o7). Having given the actual deflections, it now becomes interesting to see how far these can b<; accounted for by the attraction of masses above the surface, and how many of them unist be referred to some attracting force under ground, where, as Pratt says, "we seem to have an luiliinited resource upon which to draw, to explain any anomalies of local attraction we may perceive on the surface." The formula; which I have used for calculating the deflections are tiioso deduced by Jaeut. Col. A. II. Clarke, R. E., of the British Ordnance Survey. The whole discussion is found at length in his "Account of the Principal Triaugulation", pp. 576-630, but I shall merely give an outline of the main\er in which the dcdiuitiou is made. "The plumb-line is acted upon by gravity G in a vertical direction, and by the disturbing force A acting in a horizontal direction; the resultant of these forces = V A'- + G'^ acts in a direction which makes the angle tan"' ^— with the direction of gravity. When A is very small in comparison ^i i !i It ti ; r f 404 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. with G, this angle is identical .rith its tangent." Using Airy's expression for gravity, Clarke shows that t = 12".447 4 o (1) in which ip is the deflection caused oy an attraction A, and S is the mean density of the earth. In order to find the value of A the ground in the vicinity of the station is divided into compartments by a series of radii and circles ; and the at- traction of one of these compartments is found to bo; — A = p ()■' — r,) (sin a' sm a,) - (2) in which: p is the mean density of the compartment. h the mean height of the compartment. r' and r, the bounding radii. a' and a. the azimuths of bounding radii. r =z 2 It would be extremely inconvenient to compute the attraction of each compartment separately, and the fonn of (2) immediately suggests a law of division of the lengths and direction of the radii, which will avoid this, and make the second member of the form, constant x h. Tliis law evidently is to make the lengths of the radii in arithmetical progression, and their direc- tions such that their sines shall be in arithmetical progression. Denoting then by (>•) and (.s) tiie common difference respectively of the lengths of the radii and tlie sines of their azimuths, and by //„ the sum of the mean heights of all the compartments between the wth and n + 1th circles on the north, and by II'„ the same on the south, we have:— ,ii„-n' 2A = p(s)2 and consequently: n +J V'=24".894^(.)2f%^ (3) (4) ^ may be taken at „ since the average specific gravity of rocks varies '! i li REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX B. 405 from 2.5 to 3.0, and the mean density of the earth is about 5.5. If the radii are so drawn that their azimuths are sin~' ( Tn ) sin~' ( ta ), etc., (s) be- comes jT,; and if H„, etc., be expressed in feet the formula becomes, for » f 1 circles: V' = 0".0002357l (U^ + IL-H' + H„ - H 'Zn + f) (5) In order to use this formula contoured maps are necessary for finding the mean heights ; our stadia surveys supplied these maps in the immediate vicinity of the station, and for distant attractions I have used 200 feet contours on the diagram to which I have before rcfen-ed. In the preceding table the system of deflections A was calculated with radii whoso common difference was 1 mile, and which extended from I to 10 miles, except at station 34, where the common difference of the radii was 2,000 feet. Tiie system of deflections B was calculated with radii, whoso common difference was 10 mile.'i, and which extended from 10 to GO miles Deflec- tions A have been calculated at only six stations— those, namely, in the vicinity of the Pembina and Turtle Mountains, and the Sweet Grass Hills. All the other stations from 1 to 36 are surrounded, in their immediate vicin- ity, by level plains, only broken here and there by the gorge of a stream ; the maximum deficiency of attraction of any one of these ravines is 0".3, and this is less than the estimated uncertainty of the numbers in column D. Beyond station 36, and in the Missouri Coteau, wc have not sufficient data for contours. It may seem sti-ange at first that the distant attractions should he so much larger than those nearer the station ; but this must always be so in a country like ."w^ nlains cast of tlio Rocky Mountains, where there are few abrupt irregul-.i bs, bu*- where large tracts of country have a gradual tilt in the direction of the arainage. For instance, let us suj.ipose a tract of country with a radius of si.xty miles, wliich has everywhere a uniform slope to the north of only 2 feet in a mile; the plumb-lino at the center of this tract will be deflected less tiian 0".04 by the attraction within the 10- mile circle, but 0".30 by that between the 10 and GO mile circles. 1 ii I * ' t f "' I i -i il 406 UNITED STATES NORTBERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. By inspecting the table given above, wo see that somo of the observed deflections are accounted for by the irregularities of the surface and some are not. The column I) — {A-}-B) contains the unexplained deflections, the mean of which is 1".442, or about two-thirds the mean of the observed de- flections. Only ono-third of these deflections is then accounted for by the irregularities of the surface. If we correct the latitudes by the deflections A-{-B, the mean parallel will be 0".39 north of its present position. * * • * The results of this investigation may then be summarized as follows : On the 49th parallel, between the 95th and 114th meridians, the average meridional deflection of the plumb-line is 2".146. At 29 stations the deflec- tions calculated from the irregularities of the surface are in the same direc- tions as those observed, and at 12 stations they are in the opposite direction. The residual deflections, unexplained by the irregularities of the surface, have an average value of 1".442, or about two-thirds of the whole deflection. It is possible that these results might be modified by more extended and detailed topographical surveys than it was possible for us to make con- sistently with our prime duty of marking the parallel beyond the possibility of dispute and without unnecessary expense. F. V. GREENE, First Lieutenant of Engineers. APPENDIX H REPORT OF CAPT. W. J. TWINING, CORPS OF ENGINEERS, CHIP.F ASTRONOMER. 407 ■.!f I"! -It i n j 1i ii i \ i I '' II 3S ^.-tSjnle^Vt^^M^^M REPORT THE DECLINATIONS OF THE STARS EMPLOYED IN LATITUDE WORK WITH THE ZENITH TELESCOPE, EMBRACING SYSTEMATIC CORRECTIONS IN DE- CLINATION DEDUCED FOR VARIOUS AUTHORITIES. AND A CATALOGUE OF FIVE HUNDRED STARS FOR THE MEAN EPOCH 1875, ASSISTANT LEWIS BOSS. NOW DIRECTOR OF DUDLEY OnSKRVATOBY. Dudley Obseuvatoby, Alianij, N'. 1'., February 21, 1877. Dear Sir: After unexpected delay I have the honor to transmit, herewith, my report on the accuracy of the declinations adopted by the United States Commission in the latitude work ol' the Northern Boundary Survey. In doing this, jiermit me to thank you most cordially for the kind interest and generous support which you have throughout accorded to this undertaking. The sense of obligation is the more keenly felt, when I rcQect upon the many imperfections and deficiencies of the work; but .your intercourse with me has been uniformly such as to cause me to forget the debt, and leaves only the most pleasant recollections. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, LEWIS BOSS, Director of Dudley Observatory, and late Assistant Astronomer of the United States Northern Boundary Conanission. Capt. William J. Twini.ng, United States Engineers, Chief Astronomer and Surveyor of the United States Northern Boundary Commission. i;' INTRODUCTOUY. The method of obtaining latitudes with the zenith telescope, which was adopted by the United States Northern Boundary Commission, rendered it necessary, in 1872, to calculate the decliinitions of a large number of stars. The short time allowed for preparation rendered a critical discussion of these star iiluces quite impraclicable. The declinations adopted in the work of 1872 were, therefore, derived from a limited number of authorities; but were subsequently icviscd whenever additional material 4(19 [I :i 410 UNITED STATES NORTH ERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. [*1 could bo Rociired. Thus the cntalop;no for 1874 wns compiled from nearly all tbe nutliorities which could bo obtained from tho library of tho United States Naval Observatory, Tho method of reduction was substantially that employed by Argelander in tho seventh volume of Bonn observations.* The principal deviations from this plan con- sisted in tho smaller weights given to ileclinations from tho older authorities, and in applying no systematic corrections to those of a mean dale later than 18G0. Upon tho accuracy of the adopted deelinations depend the latitudes of twenty-two stations in tho vicinity of the forty-ninth parallel. Tliere is every reason to believe that for tho majority of the stations the error in location due to instrumental causes is practically iusignilicant, and that if any considerable correction is needed it may safely be ascribed to systematic error in tho values of declination assigned to the determining stars. To ascertain the numerical limits between which tho value of such a correction is likely to exist, and, as far as practicable, to compute its actual amount, was tho original purpose of this discussion. When the work was about half complete] REPOUT OF THE CDIEF ASTKOXOMER, APPENDIX H. 411 Without liis gonorou.s intiTvcntion it would hiiv»< been imuossiUlo for nic to Imvo com- |il«'tc(l the woik ill its present extent, williin tlie prescribed limits of time. For further iiid, 1 am under the ureiitest oblifjations to tli<' oUice of the American Eplieineris and Nautical Almanac; and to the Dndle.v Observatory, where the later computations bavo been carried on partly for the purpose of ionstriictinR a standard catalogue of declin- ations, for use with the transit circle, as already explained. The services of several computers have been entfaKcd from time to time, generally for short periods. For sueb services, I am chiilly indebted to Assistant C. L. Doolittle, since Professor of Slathemalics and Astronomy in the Lehigb University, Pennsylvania, and to Assistant O. S. Wilson, who have labored t>n the work in a most disinterested and competent manner. My thanks are al.so due to Thomas R. Feutherstonhaugb, A. M., formerly assistiint at the Dudley Observatory. The facilities of the Observatory at Washington were most kindly extended to mo by Admiral B. F. Sands, Superiiitemh'iit, and by his successor in olllce, Admiral ('. II. Davis. To tbe various members of the astronomical corps at that institution I desire to express my acknowledgments; particularly to Professors Eastman, llarkness, and Nourso, for special courtesies. PKELIMINARY STATEMENT AND GE.NEKAL I'LAN OV THE WORK. It is well known that troublesome systematic discordances exist oven among inde- pendent declination determinations of the highest rank, while the ditl'erences which were found between tbe earlier results of IJessel, Drinkley, and Pond, and even between difl'erent results by the same astronomer, were such as to provoke an acrimonious ('on troversy and to lead to most erroneous theories. The science of exact measurement of zenith distances was no doubt very mueli stimulated by the latter circumstances, for in the period extending Irom 1S20 to 1850 we have more than one-half the entire material now available for researches upon the absolute declinations of the fundamental stars. For tbe pur|ioso here proposed, it will not bo necessary to make any extensive enumeration of the attempts which have been made from time to time to ascertain and reconcile these diflerences. Since tho api)earance of Hessel's reduction of Bradley's observations,* the uniform practice has been to consider these places for 1755 as abso- lute, and to compare them with the results of a single modern series, or with the mean of two or more. With the declinations and pro])er motions thus formed, the corrections necessary to reduce any given series to the standard could be ascertained. Miidler compared a number of modern catalogues with Pond's Catalogue of 1,1 lU stars, tbe proper motions being derived from the Fundamentu.f Dr. Gould reduced tho star- places now adopted in the American Ki>hemeiis in a similar manner, using for tho modern catalogue the Abo Catalogue of tho late Dr. Argelaiuler.| Dr. Wolfers cor- rected the declinations of Bcssel's Tabiilw Krgiomonfana; using for that imrpose eleven modern catalogues. Many series of observations were adajUed to the system thus formed through the labors of Dr. Argelander and Dr. Auwers.§ The latter has con- * rundamciita Anlronomiw pro anno 170!3, ex obteiialionibus J. Bradliy, Aticliire F. W. Ueesi'l. llegio- monii, 1HI8. t Dorpat observations, vol. xiv. J. H. MUtller. t Dr. U. A. Gould's Standard Places of Fundamental Stars, United Stales Coast Survey, ieC(j. { Tabulii Ueduetwnnm, Auetore 3. Ph. Wolfers. BeroHni, 16.')8. Dr. Auwcru ia Astronomiscke Nackriok- t«n. Dr. Argelamlcr, Astronomische Nachrickten, Jlonn Beob. IW. vii, otc. UlXf v\ t, fi;;i 412 UNITED STATES NOBTUEUN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. [fi] tributod an px]inii8t!vo indcpiMKlont iiivo8tif;ntinn of ilodiniitinn corrpctioim in Antro- niminche Nachriihlcii, BiUHl (It (pp. ;i(l5 to JtSL'). Takiuf? Ilm Alio Uiiliil«>KiH', rclcrrc*! to tlio Fundamcnta, iih tlio niotliniii (il't'(ini|)ai'isoii, the «-ori'(-etionH ncccHHiii.v to ri'tlui't' tlio principal niodi'in M'lii-M of observed declitiationH to tlitt K^.stfni ol liio Abo aro lir.st aNecrtaini'd and afterward emreeted by tbo mean of fourteen (Milalo;;nt'.s ,jiidf;ed nioNt Hnitablo for tlic purpose, in sueli a way tliat, for tbo epoeb ITri'i, tlie Hyatem is that of tlie Fimdamenta i\H at lirst ; but. for (be uu'an modern date (about IH^iT) that uf tbc mean of the fourteen cataloKues. 8borlly alterward (A. N., lid. (il, p. l!);t) Dr. Anwers used thesi) corrculioiiH in discussui;; tlio decbiiatlonH of thirty lour fnndamentsd and nine circunipolar stars. Similar diseussionn and eonipilation.s relalint; to star declinatiun.s buvo also been madu by Daily,* Lau;;ier,t tSalVordj^ Druliiis,§ and others. It is evident in the eases cited that, if \ru denote by J N the correction required by a normal oystem for the epoch 2\ which coi responds to the mean of the modern cutalo|;ues employed in its I'ornnitiou, and by J li tlic correction required for the 8umo system — or what is the same thing, Dessel's FmtdamcnUi — at the epucU 1705, the cor- rection of the system for any other epoch T' will be, T—T' If wo put JN'==G and r= system, when T' = 1875, : 1835, wo shall have as the correction of the normal Thus, if declinations arc required for the epoch 1875, a single determination at that date having weight 5, when the unit of weight is the corresponding determination by Bradley, is worthy of more conlidence than that which is derived from ti discussion which assumes the Fundamciila as absolute at the epoch 1755, even though uio'lern determinations bo absolutely without error for the epoch lcS;{5. After the timo of Bradley we meet with lu) Mportant independent detcrinir.ation of declination until that of Piazzi for tlu> mean ep> 8(10. But the instrument used in this 8eri(>s was entirely inadequate for the purpose, -i.. > "igb all the elements of reduction — precession, initation, and aberration excepted — weii. 'v"d from the obser- vations themselves, the execution of the work is not such as to eonimainl our entire conUdenee. Passing over the circnmpolar catalogue of Grooniluidge (epoch 1810), the lirst which ap(U'ars to answer our requirements results from observations nnule with the Iteichcnbach circle, in 1820 and 1821, by Bessel (Kiiniiiubfrg Ikoh., vol. vii). This may be regarded as the (Irst example in the new era of d: obser- vatory into sinjjie Ci.talo;;ues embraciufj (uinvenient iiitervals of time. These correc- tions are such as can be determined without recourse to comparisons of the determina- tions of one instrument with those of anotluT. The compilations are for the purpose of rendering available a Iarp;e mass of material that would otherwise be inconvenient or unsuitable for the purpose hero projioseil. (Jenerally, published catalofjues, which combine in one determination the residts of several years, have been used without change. (I. The collection of results and formation of the api)roximale nornnil .system from a discussion of the declinations of the fundamental and piiniipal circumpolar stars, using for this i)arpose only those series of observations which are suppos"d to give determinations of sullicient independence and weight. 7. I'y the aid of the ajjpioximate corrections to the selected list of authorities to eidarge the number of standard declinations, and, in turn, with these to derive the systematic correction required by Ibadley's observations as reduced by Des.sel in the Fiintlaiitfitta AKtronomiw. S. With this correction together with those previously found, and with an increased list of stars, to ascertain correcitions to the assumed declination and proper motion of each star; and taking them as a basis, to compute dolinitivi! corrections and weights for all the catalogues except those of the third class; with which Unal weights and 1 ' 1! M f 'i' II I -n ■ I' ii !, I 5 j 1 il n 414 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. [8 1 corrections, the dcQiiitivo declinations are computed (us tlioy appear in the cata- loguo n*; the cud of this paper), a few excepted which depend on a small nnmber of authorities. y. The computation of a few systematic corrections to catalogues of the third class; and the formation of all reraaiuing dt^clinutions for the final catalogue. 10. A few deductions relative to the accuracy of the declinations formerly adopted in obtaining latitudes on the Northern Boundary. SECTION I. SELECTION OF STAES. The preliminary catalogue necessarily embraces all tbo stars used in zenith tele- scope work of the United States Northern Boundary Commission, 1872-1875. All of the stars of the American Ephemeris for which apparent places are given in that publication are added to this list, Sirius and Procyon excepted. The great majority of these stars are required for the purpose of constructing the normal system. These were supplemented by a considerable nnmber of the Poulkova Ilauptntcrnc, preference being given to those most frequently observed at Poulkova and elsewhere. At the suggestion of others a few stars were added which might servo for latitude determinations with zenith telescope on or near the parallel of ^Q° north latitude. Eflectively, the selection may bo regarded, for convenience, as embracing at least five diflferent classes of stars : a. The fundamental and principal circumpolar stars which have been by common consent quite universally observed. b. A class of stars less frequently observed, bat with the observations so distrib- uted in time, thst reliable determinations of docliiia'ion add proper moUon can be had without recourse to Bradley's observations; and which, together with the fundamental stars, may servo to construct an approximate normal system for the epoch 1755. c. A class of stars similar to the last, but lacking in f atisfactory authorities for the epochs included between 1S20 and 1840. After the systematic corrections of the older authorities aro ascertained, these will servo equally with the preceding in deter- mining the systematic corrections required l)y the j)rincipal authorities. d. A considerable number of stars, which do not furnish proper material for ascer- taining systematic corrections to the principal authorities, but which will be found valuable for the purposes of perfecting the system of corrections adopted for a few catalogues of small weig'.t, and for extending the system to catalogues deflcient in observations of the first three classes of stars. c. The remaining declinations are snch r.. depend on few authorities, and are prac- tically of no service in ascertaining systematic corrections. They belong to the class of stars selected and used for observation with the zenith telescope; and it isdesirable to calculate 'leir declinations with whatever precision can bo attained by the use of all authorities that are conveniently accessible. (OJ REPOllT OF THE CHIEF ASTEONOMEll, APPENDIX U. 415 SECTION ir. APPROXIMATE POSITIONS FOR 1875.0. Our plan contempliitcs tbe a.ssuuiption at » given opocli of approximate values of the riglit ascension and (Iccliuation. and of proper motion in botli coorilinatea. Tliese V ill servo for the accurate computation of the precession coefllcients. For this pur- 1)080 it is simply necessary to avoid errors v;hich are largo enough to introduce appre- ciable errors in those terms of precession in declination tliat depend on the higher powers of the time, and in the geometrical part of the annual variation. It is, however, desirable in order to facilitate subseqnent comjiutations that the declination and its proper motion should be so determined that the corrections they may require will not bo inconveniently large; and that the difference between the assumed and con- cluded proper motions will not bo so large, that the neglect of the small difference between the adopted mean epoch of observation for each catalogue and the particular mean for a given star will seriously affect the final result for declination and proper motion, The epoch of reduction selected for the catalogno is the fictitious or Besselian epoch 1875.0. Jiiglit ascension. For tlic fundamental stars this is copied from Professor Nowcomb's paper, Appen- dix in., Washington Observations for 18;0. The proper motions are from the same source. Except for stars south of declination — 30°, the remaining right ascensions arc taken from tho American Ephemeris for 1875, as far as possible. The following incon- siderable corrections are, however, api)lied in most cases. They are inf euiled to reduce these right ascensions to tho standard of Professor Newcomb's paper, above cited. Hour. Correction. Hour. Correction. Honr. Correction. 8. n. .**. + .o;t H — .(« Hi -f .01 1 -f .(I'J 9 — .O'i 17 + .0-J y -f .01 10 — .Oi IH + . o;t o + <'i 11 — .Vi 111 4- .o;i •i 00 I'J — .01 •JO + .!'!! 5 - .01 i;i - .01 •Jl + ..):i (t - .01 14 - .00 OO + .03 7 - .0-i y- -;- .01 '.>:! + .o;i 8 - .O'J iti + .01 S>4 + .o;t Tho proper motions, in A. It., of thcoo stars were taken fioin the Star Tables of American Ephenieris {Wn., 180'J). They are mostly tlioso of Dr. B. A. Gould's Stand- ard Places of Fundamental Stars, Uuia'd States Coast Survey, second edition {Wn., 1800). For other stars tho A. U. and n were computed, if possible, from at least two good modern nuthorities compared with either Bradley, Piazzi, or Oroombridge, and i i i p ' t 416 UNITE>1 STATES NOETOEEN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. [10] occasioually with all three. The authorities were first corrected by the tables of Pro- fessor Newcoinb's i)aper just mentioned. In a few cases where older authorities were wanting the assumed A. It. and /i were computed with grc^itcr care. Declinations. In computing assumed declination and proper motion in decliuotion, the preference was given : first, to the Northern Boundary catalogue of hititude stars for the epoch 1874.0; second, to the declinations for 1870.0 reduced by Brnhnafor the Oradmessung, and contained in Gcncralbericht ilcr Euroiniisehen Gradmessungfiir 1871 ;• third, exclud- ing stars south of —30° declination, to the declinations for 1875.0 of the American Ephemeris j and fourth, in the failure of these three sources of supi)ly, declinations were computed in a manner entirely analogous to that adopted with right ascensions, except that no systematic corrections were ai)plied. Nearly all the declinations of stars south of — 30° declination were formed (roni the mean of Mr. Stone's recent catalogue of Maclear's observations at the Cape lor 1800, and the First Melbourne Catalogue for 1870, the assumed i)roper motions being copied from the latter. In "Details of Corrections to Assumed Places" the preliminary a and S with their assumed variations are given at the head of the table for each star. 11 f "! SECTION III. COMPUTATION OF PttECESSIGN TERMS. The constants of Peters and Struvo have been adopted. They aret:— HI = 'lG".0G2;i + 0".0002340 (t — 1800) n = -JO" .0007 - O".0000SG3 (< - 1800), where t is expressed in years. These are now iu very general use, and probably are not far from the correct values.}: At any rate, since our object is not so much to ascertain the exact amount of proper motion as to know the total change produced by the annual movement, great a'.'curacy is ri'quired oidy in terms of precession involving higher powers of the time, The eft'i'ct of jiroper motion has been c()nsi^i-i i7r.o a. (imw 20.0000 1.3021TO.') 0. 19C348 17-:. ;i. 07o;)r. 20. 0029 l.;i(«!',i-.'.i 0. 12tl:i02 If^OO :i. ()708J 20. 0007 1. :!i)2:M(il 0. 12r,J,-).-| IS'J,-. H.O-lV'O 20. o:>s'r. i.;i02'.ntiii 0. 120-ilW ifr>o 3,07177 2(1. OM54 1. :i02y."i','7 0. 1'JOMW 1S75 :i. OlU^y 20. 0.'->42 1. :!022ur.i) 0.12011.-. 1000 3. 07878 30.0591 1. 302ir,20 3!S>1 :W21 31W1 + .0000 3*« ( — 101 1. ii:t;!.-.7 H 4. (i;!:i(W 11 4.o;t:tO(>n 4.('>:i:l71n 4. (i:t:)7(; n 4.(V!aisi">n 4.(>.. '•> .» (-10) ;.. '.)s.- i8r.o 1875 1900 (-10) 0. 7:«J7a n r — 10) 4. (ia:u>7 II 4. uaai;.' » 4. t;:ta()(> n 4.(;;t:i7ii» 4. thiaili n 4. oa:i.so II 4.0338511 (-10) 7. 1()4105 n 7. I(i4{ir.9 n 7. 1(i40ia n 7. llhWCS n 7. lfl:J918n 7. 163H7a II 7.10382511 5 Year. Loir. <'oi'fflcii-n(H of — 1 C^+i)«'- /./'a , rf,i\ , (^dO + H)'^"" (-10) 7. 10411 II 7. lC.4ii;> 11 7. IiUOl II 7. ItiaiKi II 7. loao-i 11 7. I(!:»87 II 7. 1G333 n (jt + ")(j^"'"' n.'-io 177,-. 1800 1825 ia-.o 1875 1900 (-10) 2.09871 (-tO) :t. 02,W7 n a. 0'r.7;i n a. Oi-.(W n a. 0'r.(!3 n :i. o-.>.-ir.8 n a. 02.'i54 II 3.0254911 1 fl3| REPORT OF THE CHIEE ASTRONOIMER, APPENDIX n. 4iy Witb those lublt's, and with the ussiimod vahu's of a, il, /«, and , (la (Pa (M (P.I ' dl' (II-' (It' (IP^ and i-'p were computed for the epoch 1875 for every star. The vahies of all tliese will (It , (I,-, \w found in the definilivo catalogue (end of this A|)|)t'n(lix), except that of ---, (or which tho catalogue gives the corrected value. The assumed value of i^ and ' " will be found with assumed values of a and S at the head t)f the tabic for each star in " Details of Corrections to Assumed Places." Having now assumed declinations and variations in luecession for 1875.0, the position for any other date, T will be: — ,5 + ^(7-- 1875) + 4 ^' (T - 1875)' +i'^,{T- 1875)'. (7f (It (It' Ily this formula the decliiuitions of all (he Nautical Almanac stars, with otl-ors most frequently observed, were computed for (he dates 1755, 18(i(), 1810, 18l.'0, and for each succeeding year until 1875. Stars less freciuently observed were computed only to tho.se dates actually reiinired. The computation in every part was carefully scrutin- ized, and either checked by diUerenccs or duplicated. Tor stars within 5° of the pole, and for one or two others at jiartienlar dates, (he above proceeding will not answer. These were rigorously reduced by the trigonomet- rical formulie to the required dales before and to every (Ive years alter 182(» from places ami proper motions assumed for the epoch 1855. The following formulip, taken from Chauvenet's Spherical and Practical Astronomy (vol. i, p. 015), were used : — tan p = sin (tan (5 + tan A " cos A] lA'-A)^ ?)siuyl . ,./ »> . 1 ,1 /cos A I A' 4- A)\ in which A=a + z+ .», and A' = »' — .-' -f i?', ' = + 7".5S1. For the other quan- tities I have computed the following table: — >1 '.'M \ MW 420 UKiTKn 8TATi:s nohtiikun houndahv commission. fN) ill Rf ■A i - ■ Tabic giiing values of fi\ :, :\ + (). lo;]. tan A ". and hxj. sin C, in tlw formulas for reducing star places, from 1S,V>. to oilier dates. Pllt«. \r - 2 io lot;, tail J () 111); Hill II „ / tt * // I i. (— lin (-10> UfM - T.«W — :w :n.4oa — ;w so. «)o _ 1(! 4','. Os>4 7.(WliS7(;()» 7. os7S'.)o:i II KiH) — i.r.;«i — a:. o,->.OTt _ V!l Ti^. :wi 10 .M.'.'OI 7. 400700:1 H 7. S00:S(i4 II Ih'ilO dill) — yi 11. -SI — ','1 oii. .',(;7 11.(101 7. 4J7-,'01iS n 7.T'J*>-,'77ii 1SI)."> + O.T.M) — 1'.) l'.>.T','(i — lit ID, l!.Mi S '>\. i.-,o 7. :ts.-,sii:ir t, 7.0S(is;iiyii ISIO + 1.4S8 — IT v!i..-.;i — 17 11.7 IS — 7 :ti.;i(ii 7. lUOOr.'l n 7. (M 10700 II Hir. + y. -Ji;! — l.'i y.t. .io:i — 1.-. IS.SII _ (•> 41. l.Vv' 7. 'jss-;sn)» 7. :>s',iiii;i:i n 1. >•'«() + v>. ;i'-'r — i;i :vi.y:4 — i:! vj.'.tiiri — r^ .M.OO,-. 7. y:iOSSS,-, n 7.r.: 00. R-,s 7. UW.tH7H n 7. 4li40fHir) II is;io + 4.:ms — '.• 1:1. lisii — ii M. IH'.i — 4 io.7i:i 7.0S47.-.17n 7.:t-.-.7Sllii l.^tr. 4- ■!.'.''■'•"> — 7 is.sio — 7 ;t.-..y4:i — :» ao.rviis (i. OS7S:i7il n 7. 'JS-S(ili(i II l>^40 + .ViiCl — .-. .-.;!. 7 la — Ti :u». :i."a) 'v' ;io. 4^4 11. S(!'JSO:<.'< n 7. io:iOO:i:i » ISC. + li.llU — H .^s. ,-,77 _ :! ct. C,;) -- 1 40.y.s>.> (>. (WOTiKi n 0. 0S7Sv.',sj II l.'%-,0 IStil) 4- (!.'.).".". — V! on. .| IM -__ I -^..-iCvS - r.o. 140 Ii. ;i.s,-,70:ii » (i. (i-Hiriuio II + .".'•tii + 1 JC.fiiy + VJ 04. li»S + no. i:i;» (•..:n.',7.-.i.-, 0. (Wli7S44 '.-<(ir. ■f H. sn,-, + :t II. '.w -f 4 00.07'>l + I 40.V'7.s (■>. (VSiiTTiU (>. OSTSOO;! lf*TO 4- sMtiw + r. ;i7.(>iii + .•i !.,■.. ".),'>7 + 'i :io, 41.-. (\. SC.-JSiMl) 7. i(>:)so.-,7 1875 + ».»-9 + 7 ;18. 171) + 7 r.l.KW + :i 'JO. r>r.t 0. 1W770;17 7. astfeiW;! SECTION IV. . .SF.T.KniON' OV AirnOKlTlKS. No.irly all iuUlioritioa for tloclination wlticli wciv ('(MivtMiiiMilly iioccssililn Imvo boon .sclootod for ns»\ Tlio scattiMcd oh.^crvatioii.s in a.vtronoinical jonrnal.s, and zoiu> ob.scrvations, with a low otluMs of small wcijjlit, liavo ficnorally Itt'cn iicjjh'Otcd. For coiivonicnro I Inivo dividod tlioin into tliiro I'las.sos. for reasons wliich will snliso- qiK'ntly appoar. Class I. linibraocs c;ttnlo}>nt's and sorios of observations whioli liavo botMi adopted in eoii- struetion of tlie normal system. The designation of eaeli eatalofjno is tirst j;iven, the priiu'iple of noinenelatiue beinjj that the letters nsnally indieate the llrst and llnal lotter.s in the name of the observatory aeeordin^r to Ihe I'lijilisli .spelling, and the (Ifi- uros Ihe mean year of observation. ronj;hly estiiuali'd. In desifinaliiifj the various animal catalogues (as well as eompilalioiis) in such series as llios(> of Cireeinvieh and Washiii^lnii. this system is found to be very convenient. Kn L'l. Messel's oliservations in IS'JO and lSi!l with the Keichenbach Circle, pub lished in Kiin. Ileob. Hd. vii. DoIUmi'.s disenssioii has been adojiled, however. This is found in " Heeiieil de Memoires + (i",.-i(i sin / f ".(iL'.n an / which must be applied as a correction to licssel's declinations. The deeliiialion.s so reduced adopt lor I he horizontal tiexure 4- O".,')!!, wliich is the mean between that found by Ik'ssel in IS'_'0-"lM, from retleetion observations, atii! ai.envard by horizontal colli- m^'aiituseniiMSii'.iil.ii [i,-.| in:roi!T of tiii: vuua' asstkonomkk, appendix ii. 421 iiiiUors. The iriliiction of the obsi'ivafioiis in tliis iiiMiiiicf is foiiiul to foirosponil »'l(is('l\ with Possd's obsorvalions ol' tlu'suii.* (.ill L'L'. Olulscir.s rciliu'tioii oll'iiiurs obsiMvatioiis at (^iivi'iiwii'li for tlio jrar KSi'-J, priiitiMl ill Axf, Xiich. r_"J. Ml t-M. ^^tiiivc's (Iccliiiaiidiis in "('iiiitlriiiiD J'rinuuiua, ;i. ,i.t.i.ir(ii, liiUoduitio," " Strlldnnn ri.vanim iiiipi-imix ]>i(i)li(iuiii d MuUiplirinDi I'n.'^iliinics Maliir pro Kporha 1S;!0.(>." At) 1.",). Tlu' Abo Caial.ifjiic of AifjrianiUT, '• Dl.X Sttlluium I'i.rdriim PoKilionrs Mfdia\ iiiciintc Anno lS,i(>." S. 11, .'11. .Idini.'itoir.s .^t. Helena eatalii};ue. "A ("atalofiue (if 00(i Prim ipal Fixed iStar.s in the Sdnlliern lliniis|ilieie. tledneed Imni oli.st rvalltnis made at the oltserv- atoiy, St. Helena, lron\ Novenilier. ISJ!*, to Ainil. l.S.!.!." The eiioeh of n>diu'lioii i,s l,H;!it. VA\. 11. .'I.!. Ilenderson'.sdeelinaiions derived from oli.servations mad(>at the Capo of (lood Hope. The serie.s exteinls Irom Mav Iti. \S:V2, t> Ma.v LM. ISo.!, and i.>* redueed to tin- mean epoeh 18;>;i. It is found in Memoii> of the Po.val Astronomieal ISoeiety, vol. X. 1). St). CeJM. -VirvV observations at Cambridge. I'lif^Iand. tal.■>. and printed in tlie aiinnal vobimes ot the obsei\atory lor those years. i;ii ,'!T. Henderson's observations made at the Hoval Observatory in Fdinburgh. in the \ear.s 18;!l-".'>!t, and printed in the annnal \ohimes lor tho.se years. Jvfi^S. llessel's deelinations observed « iili the lJei«'heidiaeh eirele in lS;!i'>-'4(t. Thes(> aie retlueed by Hiiseli, and the resnlls aie lonnd in Ast. yoi'h., I'Jl.'. (ill .'ill. (ireenwieli observations, wliieh (ormllie lirst part of the (ireenwieh Twelve- year Catalofjue. They are rediieed to the epoeh lS4(t. ami endnaee the rovsulls trom two niuiat eireles, for the period l.S.i(i-l.sll. Ce 40. These are th(> first observations made nnder the direetor,ship of h'ev, .1. K. Challis. They exteml trom tlie year \SMt to \Si\. both mehisive. and are taken Irom the annnal eatalo,uiies of tlu' Cambridge obsei\atory. Its found in annual ealalofjues I,SU-"4I. They Fill 4;i. Henderson's I'"diuburj^h resu iri> redneed by Professoi- Smyth. Ks; 4;t. There are three reduetions ol this series. I have used that Ibund in Ast. ;ide in veais l.S4'_'-'4 I. by Bos A"((i'.'i., 107(!, made by lailher. The obserxations \ver»> lu M'l. at the KiinifTsberj; (d)servator\, with Pepsold eirele. (ill 4,"i. Seeond part of the Creenwii'h TweUe-ye.ir CalalofjUe. embracing- (iieen wieli observati(Uis l.S|'J-l.S| T. rediieed to the epoeh l.S4.'"i. l\i 4,"t. The eataloaiie of deelinations given tor the epoch 1S4.').(1 in the lourlh vol umeol '^Ohsorotion.s ilf /'ok/'. ■>•" ' otM. The observations were made with the ver- tical circle by Dr. Peters, in 1S4'J-1.S4".I, and the leduetions are partly made by liim and partis by Dr. C.yldeii. Pe 4,"). I'irst '• KailclitVe Catalogue of tuil 7 Stars ehietly eireumpolar, reduced to the l^poeh 1S4,")0," .lohiisoii. \Vn 47. The annnal catalogues of the \Vashington observatory ifor the years 1,S4,V l.St.S iuclnsivc. The observations are made with the muial eirele, by various observ- er.s. ( I'he results ot the four siieccciling years occasionally exhibit enormous discrcp- H m M Vidt DOIIuu'h Mi'uioir, p. 'JJt. I h ■■ 422 UNITED STATES NOKTHERN BOU.NDARY COMMISSION. [10] nncios both iiinong tbeiiiselvcs nnd when compared with the upprositnute phices above mentioned. No use is miide of fliese tour catalogues, 1849-1852.) Ce 48. Cambridge (Eiig.) annual catalogues, 1845-1851. Oh 51. Greenwich Sixjear Catalogue, epoch 1850. Ps 53. Tangier's declinations with the Clauibey circle at Paris observatory, princi- pally made in the years 1852 and 185.'$, and reduced to the epoch 1852. They are taken troni i)p. 72 to 74 of " Mcmoire xiir la JMirniinittion des DiHtancis Polaircs (le» Etuilea Fondumcntaks, i>ar E. Laugier,"' tonio x.wii, 2"' partie des Mdiuoirvs second 1858-1802; uu7. "JiVm1 KEPOUT OF TUE CHIEF ASTUONOMEll, AITENniX II. 425 VVii 70. Dfcliniitioim by Prof. M. Yanmll witli tlio inuriil cirileof tlic WiusliiiintDii obst'ivator.v, l.S0(;-187;i, taki'ii IVoin tlio dolaiUd ifsiills in annual voliiiucs ol' Wash- ington Asti'ondaiiful Uh.sorvatiouM. . Pii 71. In the ninth volume of " Vuftiljuliri'Svltfifl dcr Antrotiominchcn (huUsihaft (|ip. 83 to 8,S), is givon a cataloguo ol Ihu '^ Zumtzstcnw" lioni oli.strvalioim of i\w Ponlkova obsi'ivatoiy. The lU'clinations aie un(h)Ulitt'(llj of u hinli onU-r of accuracy; but I'ci'ling some uncertainty about the pioiicr uutnucr of tkducing systematic correc- tion from them, I have placed them iu Class 111. ; and in consequence use but one of the decliiuitions for deilnitive purposes. SECTION V. EXPLANATION OF PKEUMINAUY COnUKC'I'IONS AND COMPILAXION OF KESULIU liel'ore proceeding to actual discussion of normal declinations, it will be necessary to esamiuo each catalogue for the purpose of applying such corrections as shall appear advisable from inspection. These corrections may be regarded as of three classes : FitHt. Those required on account of the reduction of the observations from appar- ent plaeo tu the true epoch of the catalogue. These are principally tor nutation and proper motion actually cm|iIoyed. In a lew cases small corrections have been applied to reduce from epoch " Jan. 1" (Greenwich), or =i;81°to the lictitious ei)och O = 280O; and rarely, a correction for luecession which is always practically insignillcant. Modern researches ap[)ear to show that no consideiable correction to I'eters's nutation is needed; and that value is now universally used. This value for 1800 is (Niimerus Coimtana H'ntaiiuniii p. 37) : 9".223 cos fi sin « - C".805 sin Si cos «. Among othev'valnes of nutation that have been used iu reducing observations are these : — Value employed by llessel in Fvntl. Anl !t".(il8 Bradley's (original value) '> Groombridge's !)".t)3 Liudenau's • 8".!t77 Baily's (A. S. C. and 13. A. C.) {)".L'5. The individual corrections applied to each catalogue are for the principal terms, and are of the form ij sin a -f r/ cos a, which appears to require no explanation. Iu most cases requiring it the correction lor proper motion has been applied. If t denotes the epoch of reduction of the catalogue ami i*' iiio mean epoch of the obsei- vations of a particular star in the same, n', the assuuail proper motion (Seclit)n 111.), and li" the i)ropcr motion which was applied in the reductions of the catalogue, wo shall have oorreclions for proper motion, where (t — (') is expressed iu years : — (/x' - /x") (t - I'). Where tho correction is practically iusigniticaut, where the epoch of observation 1 I U if 4lT> UNITED STATES NORTQERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. f20] is not conveniently ascertained, where reductions arc inaccurate, or not (tarried beyond first decimal place of secouda, and, especially, in n few of the cases where proper motions have been deteruiiued by comparison with Drudley, this correction is com- monly neglected. The correction, for epoch, t. c, from sun's longitude 2iSlo or from "Jan. 1" to O = 280°, is applied to most of the English catalogues whoso epoch is previous to 1857, and to Wn 47. The correction for precession is generally ii'signiflcant, and is often included in the form, An. Var. assumed — An. Var. of Catalog, ne. In case of catalogues which had been reduced by help of the Astronomical Society Vi Catalogue (Baily ISaO) it was convenient to include a correction for precession with that for epoch and nutation. Second. In many catalogues, corrections which have been derived by special exami- nation of the instrument, or discussions of the observations, are indicated in the intro- ductions, but not applied to the rosults. Similar lorrections sometimes occur through the neglect of certain precar.tions, and which, discovered too lato for correction of the printed results, are in the lature of errata, to be ni)p';ied by the reader. Correctiones Ultimw, in Struve's Pos. Med., are of the former class; certain corrections in the intro- ductions to the two Radcliffo cat. logues are of the latter class. Finally, under this head conio errata wherever found. Third. In a limited number of cases it has been thought advisable to examine cer- tain series of annual c^.talogues in order to reduce the discordances in the results of separate years, and, if possible, to ascertain corrections which seem to be required by ])reliminary inspection. This is analogous to the work already done by the authors in many cases, where catalogues has o been formed from those of several separate years. Under the designation of each catalogue will bo enumerated all the corrections above specilled which have actually been applied in this discussion. Some of the peculiarities in methods of observation or reduction which appear to invite special attention will be noticed in the same connection. The reasons for grouping, and the methods of combining the results of partial catalogues, will be explained. The corrected catalogue declinations are the'i compared with the assumed declina- tions of 'liis i> ;per (Sections II. and III.), and the residuals, in the sense Observed- Assumed DeclinUions are exhibited in co'amn " C," in "Details of Corrections to Assumed Decliniaions". To facilitate cuL'iparisons of separate years in the case of compilation, the subtraction. Observed— Assumed Declination is made at the out- set, by which means the various catalogues are eflectively referred to a common mean epoch, with the assumed annual variations (Section II.). These residuals are then com- bined with or without correction, as the'caso may require. Gh 1752-1755. The coellicient of nutation adopted by Bcssel in the reductions is 9".G48. Taking the mean epoch of observation for northern stars to be 1752, and for southern 1755, the corrections to the declinations will be:— Northern stars — ".34 sin (a — 530.9) Southern stars — ".425 sin (a — 20.7) Before discussing the systemr.tic correction, the corrections applied by Bessel to Bradley's declinations botueeu the parallels -)- 14'^ and — 14° are subtracted from the catalogue places. No attempt was made to ascertain proper motion corrections on [31] REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX fl. 427 lU'ooiint of the (lilUciilty of thuliiig tliu moan cpncim ot'obHorvatioii, iiiid uIho from tlio lii Correct on. (t + 1 + (1 + fi -f- 1) + 1 (1 f 1 I + 1 .J + I :l + 1 1 + r. + ir- + 25 4- :!5 + 45 + 50 + 55 4- CO + C5 Correction. + 1.4 + 1.5 + l.(i + l.H + 2.0 + •J »l + 2.4 1 + ;».() + *J. ii These corrections are applied at the outset to all the declinations. Tlio position of the observatory (v = — l.">^ ."),"»') does not admit of a determination of the refraction by observations of eiicumpolar stars. A considerable luiniber oC catalogues of northern observatories, which are ')ased uixni Bessel's refractions, liave been admitted into Class I. (see p. 14), and it is likely tliat errors ansinnr I'lom that course will be counteracted to some extent by the adoption of tlie same refractions for tlie observations of the southern Leinisp'iere. The results are reduced to tlie nearest tenth of seconds, and when these are correcteil lor refraction the tleclinations may be in error, from neglect of hundredths, nearly a tenth of a .second. I have, therefore, neglected the small nutation correc- tion, and, except i!> a few extreme cases, that for proper motion. The effect of nutation correction is, hoivover, iuclr.ded in the A. IJ. term found in the discussion of systematic correction. Gh 3o. The einployiuent of Bradley's refractions, the variety of r-ractice in reduc- tion of declinations from apparent to mean place, and the dilliculty m searching out the mean epoch of observation for each star, have led me to neglect ail corrections and to use the catalogue places unchanged. Dr. Anwer.s* lias brieliy and conclusively shown that a new retluction of this beautiful series of observatiors is desirable. C. G. II. o.' The nutation correction is +".'2'^ sin (-i + litP.ii) The obsirvuticuis are retluced with the latitude subsequently found by Henderson. The results are few and of small weight, but their important hearing on the dccliiuitioiis of stars in the southern hemiaphere has led to their use. C. G. II. S3. The constant of nutation used in this series is that of the A. S. C, 9".25. The observations were reduced to 18.'{3, = L'81". The total correction for both causes is — ".07 sin (« + Sf.r*). Tlie ol)seivati"ns a''e very carefidly rednerd and discussed; and, as far as imssible, with a nonreve>'sil)le instruineiit, the methods of Be.<8el (KiJn. lieuh. lid. vii, and Ant. Nurh. 73) were followed bv Henderson. Strictly * I'ublkalioub of tUj Js(ro'iowii»tAt Uimllnvho/t (.11.). Dr. Auwcis'o jiapor ou the iirojitr iu">l iou of Siiius. m [23] KEPOUT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMEK, APPENDIX H. 429 sppaking, liowevcr, tliis sorics (lot>s dot {{ive iiulopcjKU'iit (letorniiinitioiis; for the correc- tions for floxurc from reflection ob^Tvatioiis, and for refraction from observations" of circniniiolar stars, are rejected on the aiitboriiy of comparisons made with the resnlls obtained by Hcssd, Stinve, and Airy, at noitbern oliservatories. A defect in tl' ■ iiistrnnient by wliich the readings of sci)arato microscopes are made to differ very greatly, is cxiiaustivcly discussed by Sir (icorge IJ. Airy and otliers (vol. viii, Mem. IJ. A. 8., etc.), and assnranco is given tbat the mean of six nncroscopes is free from seri- ous error. This appears to be conf!inied by the small probable error -L ".23 for mean of an infinite nnnjber of ob.scrvatio.is found by Henderson. The precision of the iiuli- vidual observations, all mado by lieudcrson in person, baa seldom been excelled iu work of this kind. Mb .'It. The nutation correetiy use of Nautical Almanacs i)revioua to 1857, stars are reduced with nutiition 9".L*."., *i^ ".Ian. 1,'' instead of O = L'StP. IJotli corrections, with the small coirection for precession of A.S. C, can b(> combined in one formula. The following list of corrections will serve for this and other series shortly to be mentioned. ill I iiU: Year. Corroction for imtntion, 1 Yi-iiv. CorriTtioii for iintafion, epoch, anil prcocssioii. epoch, niul pri'i'oaaioii. II /' o IS.Tt + . IW Rill (n + 'J(u1 1 1811 -t- .0,-. (fill ( 4- .0(1 Kill ((I 4- '-'*l'~> ist:l + .O'i Kin ^.l + ',>T0) l,'':!(i 4- .01 (iiii (a 4- ■-"':') I* 1 1^1.-. + .(Ci Kill i, -)- .01 sill (a + ;10."ii IflT + .0,"> Kin (,« + -S.\') ISIO + .(KI siii((i -f ;Wii) 1 These corrections are entirely uniiiportant, and the neglect of them would have produced no serious .'onscqneiicc I'lic cenection for jiroper motion is, however, often considerable. But few pro]- r inotions are given in A. S. ('., and some of these few are very far from the truth. The aiiproximate ine.'in epochs of "bservation f. r all stars for which tho latter corrertion is more than ".02 or ".03 were examined and the corrections carefully tippli'.d. The barometer used in 18;!3-1S3."» gavi> readings .1 in. too small, This error was disregarded in 1833 and 1834. Among the errafrt in tho Hi it! ill If , ■il 430 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. [24J •; * volume for 1835 a tiiblo is given, which sorvt's to correct uorth polar distaiiccs to the values tbey would have had if the barometer bud given the correct readings. The tabic with changed si^^ns, to make it applicablo to declinations, is here given: — J Correction. .1 Corroot ion. i Correction. o „ c „ o // 50 S. P. — .-:( + 80 — .05 + :«) — .23 (!0 S. V. - .;w 70 - . 09 + yo — .a? 70 S.f. - .10 00 - .i:i + 10 — .:!:! 80 8. P. — .00 .-■lO — .10 - 00 — .40 + 00 01) + .10 - . 11) - 10 — 20 - . :a - .75 - 1.50 These correclions were applied to all declinations of 1833 and 1834. The peculiar feature of the entire Cambridge series is the frequency of reflection observations. Within the limits of zenith distance where they are practicable, their number is generally equal to tho.so taken directly, the practice being to observe both at the same transit. The discordance, which is large, is divided equally between the two classes of observations. The position of the telescope was frequently changed on the circle — two or three times each year in the firsi three year.**, afterward at the beginning of each year with considerable regularity until 1S52, and less frequently after that. At this observatory the experiment was tried of measuring flexure in diDFerent zenith distances with '.he heli) of movable collimators. An abstract of the results is printed in Gould's Astronomifil Journal, vol. v, p. 28. Q'he correction for flexure determined in this way is nnieh smaller than one-half the di.scordanco between direct and reflected observations, and its form bears little res-eniblance to the latter. There can be little doubt that a portion of the discordance is due to the unequally heated air of the observingrooin ; a consideration which serves to modify tlic weight which this series might otherwise have had in forming the normal .system. In the annual catalogues the results for declination are gi'\'n r:eparately for direct, reflected, above and below i)ole. In combining, I have given equal weight to the two classes of raservations, direct and reflected, and have [used no observations of stars beyond 7<' ' zenith distance below the pole. To (',0° zenith distance equid weights are . '^signed; provided in each case eight or more observations were given. In the few cases where the number of observations is smaller and quite unequal, weights nearly in proportion to the square root of the number of observations are given. At 05° zenith distance determinations below the pole receive weight ^', and at 70°, g. This practice is adhered to throughout the series. For the years 1833, '31, '35. in order to avoid errors which would arise from s,\.s- tematic diUereuces, tiie results of .separate years are eonibined with ( qiial weights, unless the discrepancy in the iiunibei of observatijns was great and the smaller num- ber less than 5, when arbitrary weights are assigned. These observations have be -n combined in a single catalogue* by Sir George IJ. * "A catalo);ae of 7^G stars, deduced from Ibe observatiuns nndo at tbo Cambridco observalury, from 1828 to 1835; reduced to ' Jau. 1,' 1830, by Geo. Biddell Airy," otc. [26] RJSPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX H. 431 Airy, in Mem. R. A. S., vol. ii. The proper motions of A. S. (3. wore nsed by liim, and tlie (letorminationa of different years tombiiicd with weights proportioned to the number of observations. The possible error from these sources may bo considerable; and the labor of constructing anew the particular places desired, though much greater than would have arisen from the correction of the cat.iloguc for proper motion, is probably worth tlic while. Co 40. The corrections for nutation, epoch, and precession are given above under Ce 34. No proi>cr motions were used in reduction except those of the Nantical Alma- nac. In volume for 1838 a now co-latitude is given derived from observations of 1837 and 1838. The correction to that used in previous years is + ".09; therefore to the declinations above polo of 1830 and 1837 the (ionstant correction — ".09 has been added, alter which no correction is required. In order to form a Judgment as to tho individual accuracy of the declinations, the probable error is computed from a few of the stars most frequently ol)served within 40° zenith distance. In 1837 284 residuals (dir.) gave i ".59 283 residuals (ref.) gave ± ",00 lu 1840-'43 511 (dir.) L ".52 509 (ref.) ± ".55 The mean ± .50 is considered as tho probable error of a single pointing. A com- parison of observations made in different years gives for the minimum error of a single position i .20. Tlie minimum for a single yeai- tor stars observed, both directly and by reflection, would be ± .14. These results arc apparently too small. The argument for using the accompanying table of weights is one-half tho total number of observa- tions in any one year; and it supposes that the probable error of any star, circuniix)- lars excepted, cannot bo less than i .14. It can only be considered a rough approx- imation to the true weights. •ry. Nilinlicr of obscr vatioiia. \ r. (' 1 H !) 10 Niinibor (if obncr- vatioim. wt. 11 I-> i:t 11 Nniiihcr of obser- vations. 1 S 3 4 5 1 .} :t luid 4 5 1111(1 7 H 1111(1 1> III 1(1 !•,> in t.. 1,-) 10 til :;;() ^1 to -jr. W 1(1 :m :i.-i to Ii lo 1(1 I'll ' .', (ir iiiorc. The probable error of the unit is thus supiiosed to be aliout J; .15, in the average of cases. With these weights, the residuals formeservalion.s. In 1840 began the use of tho a', b', d, and d' of tho B. A. C. In other respects the ob.serva- lions are not diflerent from those of previous years. The long period of time, how- over, rendered these isomewhat arbitrary divisions necessary. ■* " i; Ki i { iiii jiii 432 UNITED STATKS NOKTIIKHX BOUNDARY COMMISSION. [20J Thcso corrections for mitiition, etc., arc applied in respective vears: — w \ \ ■ 11 \\ 1S.I5 + ".or; .Mil ('i + L'r.if ) 1810 4- ".05 sin (« + L'lrP) 1847 + ".05 sin (ctionB to n,s- siiuii'u latitiulc. Weight. CorrortioiiR to nn- Riimt'd latitude. Weight. 181.-. 181(i l-'47 184rt 184'.» 18J0 — .'JO ~ .:u) — .*() — .'."I — .-;t H U 4 1 1 ' l-.-,l (IMr.) ... (UVf.)... Xli-iin.. - .;!■■> - ..'■>•.' - .:t4 (i 21 20 - .l;t ±.04 Probable error of unit of weight ± ".50. The correction — ".l.'l is applied to all the declinations of this group. This steady diminution in values of latitude obtained since 1833 with the same instrument, used substantially in the same nietliod, is suggestive of an actual change in that element when it i.s taken in eonnectiou villi the apparent existence of the like phenomenon at Oreenwieh, AVashinglon, Poulkova, and elsewhere.* Ce 50. During this period there is a niarivcd falling oil both in the number and character of the observations. Tlie.se corrections for nutation and c'locli have been employed : — 1852 + ".01 sin (-: + 205°) 1853 + ".08 sin {a + 2740) 1851 + ".00 sin (-» + 2S2C) 1855 + ".05 sin (-< + 21)1°) 1850 +".01 sin (-. + 313°) As in preceding years, only the j roper motions of the Nautical Almanac were used in the annual catalogues. The posit on of the telesc()i)e on I lie circle was changed at irregular intervals, but the same relative weights and system of combining, as in Ce 40 and Ce JS, are here emjiloyed, As this series is not used in Cormiug the Normal System, no eorreeti>'>u fur error of assumed latitude is ap|)lied, nor do the observations themselves aiTortl adequate means for deducing such a correction independently. The rrnitum to retlected observations of 1851 is important. Ms .'{5. The results from this catalogue ar<> ns'\l without charge. The proper • " Die I'ollioho von I'lilUowo. Von Dr. Miigiius Nyr<r. aSBH 271 KKl'OUT OF THE CHIHF ASTHONOMKK, AIM'I'.NDIN II. 4-An motion oort'oction is oKtMi lai'so, l>iil it is not ;il\viiys ciisv to lliiil out wlicllicr it oiif^Iit to 1)0 applied, and tlio nican diitooldbscrvat ion will ot'lon Ix' mtv inexact. The weijjlit of these ()l)servations is so small that 1 have not tlion^jhl it woi'lli while to constinef places anew Irom the s|)ecial cataloj;n<'s U.v the help of division corrections on pp. ecxix and ccxx. vol. v. Ms 50. The declinations i-e(]niie the fnll anionnt of the correction for proi>or motion, lint this is usnallv small, owin.^; to the small dill'crenee between epoch of observation and that of redaction. KDliNmiKill ANMAl, C.V TAI.Olil T.S. I''li ;?7. The methods ol redin'tion to apparent place are, with few e\cei)t ions, those employed at Cambridge in the eorrospondin;;; years, so that the same corret'tions have been applied. The jiosition of the telescope on the <'ircle was moved at the licj;iniiin}; of IS.'i'.t, and yearly, atterward, diiriajj; the directorship of Henderson. Strictly speak- iii^r, only the observations of lS;!l-."i, in volnmc I., are independent, and the sncceediii}; catalo};ues as rednced by Henderson depend npon this lirst one. Ivory's lefractions aie em|doyed thronjjhont tiie cataloj;nes eomiiosin-j ICh .'>7, so that in this respect the scries is not independent. The tliscordanec in IS.'il-',;,"i, bet ween diiect and rcllecled obser- vations, isfinite larjje, and the latter are rejected liy Henderson in makinjj np the decli- nations. The corrections derived t'ldin siin observations in the dill'erent years are in the nu'an small, and fnrnish tolerable assnranee that the declinations will be fonnd quite free from systematic error. All determinations of the same star, nj) to IS,')',), 1 Imve combined with weifjlits proportional to the mindicr of observations. This result is thei\ combined wilh that for is;i!), on the supposition that the minimum error in each case is equal, and oiu'-half the error ol a sinjili' pointin;;. This was an over- sight, for previous to is;i7. in most observations, .six microseo])es were used ; after that only two, so that for the tirst seiics the mininnnn I'rror mijjht have been taken about onefi>urth theerror of ixiintin;;'. However, no serious eircr has ari.sen from this cause. Henderson estinuites (IS.!!*) the jn'obable crnu' of poinliuf,' at :1; ..">, ami juobable division error, when mean of two micros, 'oiies is taken. 1 .,"). l"or the foimcr (pnintity I have found, from a rough trial, :1 ".(I. It will be seen in the latilnde discussion of ICh -15 that, if error ol' pointinjv is assmned to be twice the minimum error, we have for the lormer -I. ".51), and for the latter :L '■'.'-",). in close afirccmcnt with above esiinmtes. It is dilVu'ult to believe that the minimum error, under the circumstances, can lie .so small, and donbllcss a more rijjorons determiMallon ol' probable error ot pointiuf,' woidd show that to be sli^litly smaller, and the miniiiuiin eiror would then result in a laijjer quantity. The catalojiue for 1S|0 cannot propeily bet hissed eiilicr with those preceding; or foliowinji; it, and no u.se is made of its declinations. Ell •!;<. The observations of this series wee reduced liy i'rofessor Smyth. Dnriiif; the culii'(> iierii;d the zenith iioints were ih lived from nadir observations, a jiractice bcjjnn in ISH. The obsiMval ions in lSll-L'-','i were reduced with ISessel's retractions, and the hel[> of Nautical Almamu; and A. S. l\ In LSI I the Nautical Almatiae. was n.sed with the constants and iiropcr motions of 15ritisli Association Catalo^ne. The corrcelious to tirst three years lor nut., etc., are taken from the t'orrcspondiii}; formnho for Cambridjjfo. For IS II the correction is insigniticant. N 1! 28 1 III ■I, Ml ;i I E IS i! i 434 UNITED STATES NORTHEKN BODNDAKY COMMISSION. 2S] In reducing from tlio moan of two inicToscopea to tlie moan of six, Profossor Sm.vtli continued to use tiio results of llio iiivostigatioii niailo by Henderson (vol. 1., \). vii, it neq.). As tlio telescope was clamped lo a dillerent part of the circle in each year, it is evident that any considerable error in the tbrmuliu of correction would show itself in the (liflereiiec between the declinations of the same star in dilTerent years, atid also in the latitudes deduced from observations of circumpolar .star.s. Fortunately, in each of the years there are a considerable number of tlio latter well suited to the examination of this question. In .l,s/. Kacli. 15d. (j."», s. lO.j, by Dr. Auwers, and in Ilonii. Bcoh. Bd. VII., Theil II., s. 251, by Dr. Arj^elander, we have the results of suc^h an oxamin- atiou. They are exhibited in the foUowinj^ table:— Year. C'liripotion to assiitiad lalididM jjiviMi Iiy (ibsirvalioiis nf each year. Ainvers. Argelamler. 1>'41 1H4J If!4:! 1844 - .-.'0 — .;),■. + 1.44 . 17 . -.'0 - .iK) + 1.44 . 1,-. Both Anwera and Arj^elandor use these as constant corrections to the declinations of respective yoar.s. The latter says, " Wie diese gro.s.sen Versliiedonheiten zu erkliiron sind, Weiss ich niclit zn denten. Tlieilu.iffsfchh'r an dem Orte des Sterns korinen es iinmo° ansein- ander liegen. Man erhillt aber 1S42 aus resi). 7ti mid (it Peobiiclitungen UC. — OC. — 2". 5, im Jahre 1S43 aus 48 und 42 Beobachtungen + ;i".l. .Man innss also deii Peh- ler wolil in dor Bestimmung des Nadirpu!i(;tes siicheu, \\\wt audi hier kann man ihn durdi Theilungsfehler alleiu schwerlich erkiiiren. Es hi'-sse . (lie possible error of the mean [20] REPORT or THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX II. 435 reading of six inicrost'opps, may liiivo cansod the discropancics actually found. Tlio ari'angt'iiu'nt of the obsc-rvation.s is tolciably favorable to lliis undertaking. The circle readings iucreaso from tlio pole, toward the equator, and for the zenith were: — IS-H niio OS' ISi-i ,'i4o OS' ISl.'J 7!)o (I.)' 1814 KJ'Jo O.T The effect of the corrections actually applied to nadirs and zenitli distances of stars is first subtracted from the declinations. For tliat ])»r])ose the table of divi.sion c1iiiation will then be: — (1) li' + I' + ISOo 4- ^. _ /,' _ I- f J. ^siii 2 R' - sin 2 7.') -f .('(ecs 2 7." - cos 2 7i') + r + J

    ediiipaiison was conliiied to stars of the pro\ isional catalogue and to those north of 10° south deiilination. If Hi % i; I I 436 UNJTED STATES NORTH HUN BOUNDARY COMJIISSION. [30| It ia evident that I'l, i-j, r,, and v„ cannot bo absolutely determined with the data proposed. It will bo necessary to assume : — '"l + l'2 + )•;, + (-4 == 0; and to express r, in terms of tho other three quantities. This will not aflfect the decli- nations ; but will produce an error in the latitude of one-fourth the sum of the quan- tities in (piestion. Every combination of dillerenccs that could bo made was used. Thus, a declina- tion observed in three years furnisiuMl thne (IKl'eronees; and four years, six. There wore very few of the latter. The weijjhts are assigned on the supposition that a dec- lination is subject to a constant probable error which is Kpial to one-half the error of pointing. Where a star has been observed in three years there are but two independent com- parisons; and for four determinations wo have three independent comparisons. In tho former case, each of the three equations received two-thirds the weiplit it otherwise would have had, and in the latter, each of the six one-hall. The unit of weight is that due to live observations in each of two years where there is but one comparison for a given star. It was found that thecom])iitation could be much siniplilied, without appreciable error, by assuming the simple scale of weights, l.(», .(i, and .;{. The coelliciciits were computed to the nearest tenth only ; but the equations were not grouped in the solution. Tliere were in all 'Ml equations of the total weight 1S8. Every \v,ut of the work was either rigorously checked or duplicated. The resulting normal equations are these : — + L'57..t c. + OO.r. r, + 7 1.0 ?•;, 4- 152.'-' .V - 10.7 ,(' + 107.L> :r= + 00.5 c, h ;i3G.4 i\ -f Ki;!..") )•;, • l.M.;! .(■ + (ji!.5 J' + i;i8.'_' = + 74.9 c. -f 103.r> r. + KS7.(i (•; -f si.4.r - 57.7./' + 30.5 = + ir,'2.2 r, + i;i4.;i r. + si.i (•; -1 "57.1 .)■ 4- Ki.L'.i' -f L'05.0 = - 10.7 r, -f (!L'..j (-.. — 57.7 J';, + k;.--' .V + l-'OO.l.' .1' + 224 A = 'ho solution gives, with c, = — r, - - I'i - '•:. Ili'mlcr.soii. c, = - ".11 ,r = - ".(i(j4 ( - ".100 ) r. = - ".121 .( ' = _ ".598 ( - ".388 ) )•, = + ".4(i r, = - ".14 The difTerenees are well rei>resented, the error seldom rising as high as ".3 in tho moan of a zone UP wide. The probable eiror cannot be estimated lioni the residual.s. If taken from then), it would be nuich too tniall. Assuming the probable error found from latitude discussion, that of the unit of weight would be i ".5(i ; and the probable errors of j; and x' would be i ".04 eacli; atul of r„ r-i, etc., -l- ".0(i each. But in refer- ence to the latter, it must be borne in mind that this probable error W. that of the rela- tive values, aixl that tlu'ir common probable eiror can be taken roughly at -L ".15; so that the actual probable error of the quantities in ihe absolute sense is iibont ± ".10. Thus the values of the zenithal division errors are reduced to quantities of not improbable magnitude. Tho dill'erence between tlie cocflicients of a; and a/ as hero determined, and as dotermiued by Henderson, is im|)ortant. [.■ill KEPORT OF Tni-; C1II1:F ASTUONOMKH, APPKNDIX n. 437 (^l) The fiirtlier correction J if is required before the tleeliiiiitiotis can be regiirtled an ilelliiitive. The diseussioii of J 9 and -f "..")() I'or lSll-l,'-;j and 1. Tiiese added to the respective corrections lor uccidental cri'or, and h' for each year, ^ive the Ibllowin^' corrections to the dcclinit- tious : — (1811) - ".;i,S 4- ".894 sin (•> II + -180) + A-, (1812) - ".!)(! + ".8!)1 sin (li li + 480) + A-j (18i;{) + ".7-' 4- ".••^1>1 .sin (-' It + -ISO) 4- /.-, (ISll) + ".18 4- " 891 sin (2 li + JSO) 4- A'^ Wliero A'l etc., is to be taken for each .star from the table p. 180, volume for 18il, or from the succeeding volumes. These corrections are, of course, to be applied with opposite signs to residt.s from observations of lower cnlniination. Each year furnishes a considerable number of observations united to determina- tion of latitude. Except for a and <3 Ursic .Minoris, with a few others, threes observa- tions of the same star were generally made in eacli cnlniination. Tin' coin])Utation is thus practically uuiiU'eeted by the (juestion of relative- weights, and is greatly facilitated. Taking three ob.servations in each culmination as the standard nnil fori.' J <{, weights were computed for the few that reepiired it on the same assumption asin the preceding portion of the discussion. The latitude observations aic all on stars of l± III IHll Mcin . . . + .01 l± i-j| . on l± OC] Nnuil)cr of HtlUH. ;)i lus 'J'he differences are not much g'vaier tinin the jirobable errors .should lead us to expect. The probable error of the unit of weight calculated Iroin the 108 residuals is i ".(il. This gives I'or probable error of pointing 1 ".59, and for minimum proliablo error ;L "."9; the latter is in close agreement with \\w value j ".3 a.ssnnu'd by Hen- derson in 18;)9. The probable errors of J v', as given above, take into accotnit the probable error of the formulix! derived for division correction. The probable error of the mean value of J r in adopted refraction; so that, absolutely considered, tin- correction to the assumc.l lati- tude has a probable error not far from i ".2. Exc^it 'or the uncertainty of retraction this increase of probable error is without inlluence on the declinations. The qnan- ti :y — ".09 is therefore added to each of the corrections marked (A), and, since It = .*'■! I i'l HI ^il Ill '^11 438 UNITED STATES NOUTllEKN JiOUNDAUY COMIMI8SION. [31! I u S I (^') li' + V' — '') ^vi' liiivo by llui proinT siibMtitutiun.s, llic I'ollowiiii; corroctious to tlio decli- uutioim of Eb 13, as iniiitcd in tht^ niiiiiial catalo^iiics : — (IS-H) - ".M + "..S!)-t (L'S(>i — L'r3) + /•■, (1812) — l".(r» + ".Si».i (liL'fSn _ L',3) + /,■. (is-i;!) + ".(i;! + ".s!ti (liih^ - li.;) + A-,, (ISII) + ".()!) + ".,S!)i ( 7SO _ L',5) + /.-., where lii, etc., art* to bo taliuii, as bcloic, I'loni tlio tables of «li\ isjou fonectiou in tlio iuiniial voliitncs. Till' I'oliowiiij;- tablo I'xiiibits in cohiiiin I. Ilic values ol' tliis cxprt's.sion, coui|)uteU I'or t'Vi'iy livi' (IcKi't'os of declination (and iiieludi's/,). (.'olunin If. is I lie .sum of coluniii I. and tbe detinitivo eoinclioii found for Eh lo in Tabh^ IX, at the end of this i)a[>ei'. To this is still to bo added ii small correction dependinj,' on riylit ascension. Tdhlc of conrctionn to Udinhiiruli, lStl-18U. ,s IS II. 18l',>. I. IS 1;!. 1814. I. 11. I. 11. II. 1. II. S.I'. " II II / 7.") + . i;! + . i;i + l.'Jl + \.'n — 1 :i7 — 1 . 117 + ;!t + III .-« + .01 + .01 + l.lli + i.iii — I ;'.'.! — 1 . ;io + Ii7 + ;i7 i-.'i .17 .17 + I.IHI + l.Uil — 1 :io — 1 . :;ii + 11/ + ;i7 Dd — .■j;i — .^:i ■i- .1)1 -1- . 01 — 1 •JO — I .•JO + ol) + :;ii Abcivi. ii.ilf. + 110 + . y:j + .2:! - .01 — .01 + 1 •JO -1- 1 . •JO — ;'.(i — :!ii + ,-.-. + . '.'S + . '.'S — .^0 — .^0 + 1 IS -1- 1 .IS — :!i — ;ii + Ml + . -JS + .M — .07 — .07 -1- 1 01 + 1 .01 — lii — :!i + -■> + . 2.'i + . 'J,-> — . :a\ — . fil'i + 00 + . 00 — 'JS _ •JS + 71) + '. I'i + .10 — .11 — ■ .11 + 7."> -1- . 7."i — •Jl! — 'Jli + (M + .U.'i + .o;i — .;;() — . ^'^ + ."lO + . '>7 — •Jl — •Jli + (10 .08 .i;i — .:il — . I'll! + 10 -f- .11 ■Jl! — 'JS + :,:, — . •-':! — .:il — .;:o — . :is + ll.'i + ."7 — •J! — ;'.! + .Ml — . ;!!) — 17 — .:;;) — .11 + •Jll + . IS — •j;i — Ill + i.-. . .'ll .OO — .1(1 .10 + ■JO + .11 — •il •;7 + 10 — .157 — .70 — .r.i — .:.i -1- 17 + . It — •Jll — •j:l + ;;.-, — .78 — .7rt . iM — .i;.'> + IS + . IS — 111 -— 111 + :io .HO ..-1 — .7S .7:1 + 18 + . -j:! .10 0:. + -Si _ .01 _ .70 — . 01 _ . -'J + •JO + . ii'J — .0-J + 10 + -M — .Oil — .71 — 1.0'J — .00 + ■j:l + '.'vi + .00 + •i-i + V, . 0:1 . <;c. — l.i2:t .00 + •J7 + . :,\ + .•Jl ^■ .48 + 10 — . OJ _■ ..'>s — l.:!l — 1.00 + •JS + .O-J + .:ii + .lis + ■> — . rtl — . .'•.;( — i..i;i — 1.07 + ;io + .(Hi + .17 + .8:1 . S7 .r,;i — 1. IS _ l.TI + 111 + .(;,''. + . ;V.) + o;t _ .-, — ..«■! — . .'■i'.) — i.r.i — l.-JO + ;ii + ..'id + .71 + . Oil — 10 — .6-> — . a) — ij>\ — l.:i8 + :vi + . l.'l + .70 + .M — 1.-. .80 _ .7S — i.ni I. IS + .:t;i + . :!.■, + .sli + . 8."> — -JO .«) — ..■'S — 1. H — l.Tili + . :!.'> + !'J7 + .s:! + .75 — -J.-) — .fO — . 0.-. — l.-lli — 1.01 + .;i8 + .Si + .81 + .(HI — :!o — .7;i -1 .00 — l.ll — i.i;.-i + . 1,-) -1- .Jl + .71 + .511 cfrr ^sssmmmm JJKI'OUT OF TllK OlllIOF ASTIJONOMKU, AI'l'liNUl-X. 11. 4;;s) Willi iIk' con ocI ions of colniiiii 1. imIiIciI to thoNO lor niitatioii and proper motion all tlic results I'or a (;iveii star were Ibiined Into a siii{;le mean, with tLulullowing tabic of wei}{lits : — \v ■i^'lllM. Oli^rfViltidllH. 1 1 1 °j tiiici :i 1 r. Ill ;• 4 Id to ;i.'i 5 ::ii, or iiKiio. 1 Ell M, Ell 03 and I'ili (J7. Tlieie are lew oliservations in this series; lint many of them relate to stars for which lew oliservations are foniid elsewhere. The nniniportaiit. corrections for nutation apjilied to Caiiiliridne annual eataloKUes of corrrs|ioiiding years previous to l.S.">7 are used. Tlie projicr motion correction is {jeiierally iiej;- leeted : the dill'eiciiee lie! ween tlio>e asMiiiied in this [liiper and those of Jl. A. V. used in rednetioii of Ivlinbnifih observations liein;,' usually small, l.>r the short interval of time intervening between the mean epoch of observation and tie be^innin^' of the year. The },'ronpin}; is determined by constancy of zenith circle readiii;;s, which, how- ever, wel■(^ ollen cliaiifjed , employs IJessel's lefiactions ( ISL'I ) and derives the latitude from a L'rs. .Min., « Aiiri^iu and «Cy;;ni. 1 have followed the lead of Dr. Ainvers (.l,v^ Much. 151!)), taUinpr the latitude from a Urs. llin. alone and applyiiif; the (■oriection —".17 to lln' declinations of all stars, except a Axnijuv and a ('y<,'rii, w hose declinations are taUeii ficnn npper <'Mliiiiiiatior> alone, and the cata- l(i;;iie places corrected respectively by —".11 and— ".11. The observations were originally reduced with I'eters's nutation. GlilCK.NWIClI CAIALUliLKS, ts;!il-l-:-'. This Ion;; and valuable .series of ob.servatioiis is remaikable lor the nnilorinity of its plan and methods, the tlioron^diness and accuracy of its numerical reductions, and the vast amount of material it contains, ehielly relatin<; to |ilaccs of sun, moon, planets, and stars of the sixth ma^'iiilnde, (a' biij^hler. The observations aic made with lion reversible iiistrnmeiits, anil the problem of absolute declinations is rendered allo;;etlier snbordiiiale to the rcipiiiciiienis of routine wiiik on a larp' niiinber of ob- jects.* This robs the seriesol an iiilcrest it iiii^ht otiiei w ise ]msscss ; lint when syste- matic corrections to its various catalogues are once ascertained, it becomes the richest mine of inforination on the declinations of the bii;;liter stars. Two mural circles were used iinlil March, IS.i'.), then a sin},de mural circlet until ISol, when the {^reat transit l-lsr>'l Mr. A. Miiiili Iiuh ]ioiiit(!il nut very Cdiicliisivi'ly tlii' ili'lVcIs of the (iiti iiw i( li triinsil lirilr, as ii|i|ili(' |irol)Iuiii of uliboliitii iliTliiiiitioiis. (.I.v (l.!t!>7!17 Wfic iiiloptt'd on tlm iiiitlioi'it.v III' a ilisrussioii liy Mr. l). .1. .'^Iimic (Miiiilii. Not., vol. I'M, p. L'T), who u.sfs lor till' piM|iiiM> oli.stTvatioii.s iiiiulc Willi ilu' transit fiiclo ot'lirci'nwicli I>.-|7-1.S(),"». (ill .i!) ami (ill l."». 'llii' olisiTvatioii.s of st'paratti years aiv u.Mially mi1iut«1 tt> llio lu'Kiiiiiiii!,' of till' .vi'ar wiili no propiT niotion, or with valncs of that t'lonn'iit takt'ii fioiii .\. S. ('. Wlirri'viT the t'lior I'loiii this is consiilcralili', it has lici'ii cari'lally attiMuU'il to in i he itMi/o ol lalcr i-atalo;;ni's. I hav(> not invest i};al('(l any I'asi's iiiilo- ]u-iiiU'ntly of tlir.si'. Till' piopcr nioiions of lh(> ]>. \. ('. wt'if n.st'il in conipiliiij;' the tii'iioral fi'oMi llio spi'i'ial i'atalo;;iu's, Whi'ri' thi' ililfi'irnrt' lii-lwi'tMi Ilii'Hoanil thiiso assiiiiiril in tills pajiiT is woilli ri'^^anliny; tho piopcr roiriTlion has lircii applird, usiii}? lor the piiiposi' tho niran rpoflis of tlu' 'I'wolvo yi'ar cataloj^no, whirli an' only givi'ii to tin." ncairst yi-ar. For rrilnc.tion to a|ipari'nf plai'o the .spt'oial ('atalo;;ut's ile- |H>iul upon the Naiitii-al .Minanac. T\w followiii<; iiican corri'L-tionH for niitatiuu and t'piich have lici'ii applied : — (ill ;i!». -f ".04 sill (./ 4- 305°) (Jh \r>. - ".Oi; .sin (.< + (!lo) Gil "(0. Tho nutation eoricction is : — — ".((.5 sin (u + 70°) Till' remarks nnder the ineeeilinj; eatalo^nes are generally applicalile. A ]U)rtioii of the time the inuial eiiele was used in a temporary oliserviiiKi'oom, and the eirenin- ptanees under wliieli iiini'h of the work was done were necessarily nnfavoralile. Some uiieertaiiity in the systeinatie coneetioii of this eatalo^jiie must arise from the faet that it eoiiihines results from two distinet instruments al dillerent times. (.ill .■t7. This eatalojjni' may beresarili'd as eontainin^ the work of the transit eirele in its best estate, when the observers had lieeoine aeeiistomed to its jieculiarifies, and before any ajii)re('iable imperfeetion or wear had resulted from loii}; use. Though the instrument was used in a single position during the eiil ire peiiod, the eirele readin;;s ■were made with six microscopes. Fiirtliermore, the error of division was earefully examined for every il('i;rce and for some special divisions, and the high reputation of the makers is a ;;iiarautee that the accidental errors of division are jirobably small. The proper motions of this and suceeedii 5; catalogues of (ireeiiwieh are p'lierally iu fair ajireeineut with the assumed pro|)e'. motions, so that this eoireetion is seldom applied by me. The special catalofjues, until l.s,'")7, require small corrections for nuta- tion and epoch; alter that year the ob.servatioiis were reduced with I'eter.s's nutation, and to epoch = :.'Sl)^. The re.-iiltiiijj small correction was ucjilceted. (Ill til. 'I'lie scries embraced in this catalojjue is es.sentially a eonliuualion of the precedinji. No correction is needed save that for proper motion, which is usually insi};- nilic int. Durinji the loiii,' period of its u.se the instrunient underwent .slow changes from wear, which mijjlit be ipnte suflicieiit to cause a real dill'crence in the systematic correction required (see (ill 7(>)' (111 7t(. The slight corrections rei^uired by the annual varietions of the special cat- alogues were sometimes regarded. The results of .separate years were theu (combined with weights according to number of observations iu each year. 1 became aware of the tlljgU-i- [;i,-,| IJKl'OUT OF TllK CllIHl-' ASTHONOMHK, AITICNDIX II. 441 larp' t'l'i'or due to wcnr of tlit> inicroniclrr scrows too Into to iitiiUo any iini' oI'u s|n'ci:il coii'iM'tioii oil tliat accoiiri, I liavo taken my iiil'oi'iiiatioii I'loin Mr. Christ ic's |ia|ii'r ill Moiilli. Not. H. A. .S., tor NoviMiilicr, IS7(i. Tilt' Norics of ivlU'ctioii obsiTvatioiis iiiadu diiriiif; tlif period l.s;i(i-I,S7l.', at (ireeii- wicli, lias attraeted wide attention, and has hecii tiie Niiltjeet of noiiio intereslin;; nieinoiis. A Itiicf eoiisitleiatioii of tlic priixiiial points involved will l)e of use in jiid};in^' the value of tiie deeliiialions in tlie absolute sense. iMiriii^ most of the period ofcnpied l)y observations with the mural circles, the correction ' "" - was lonnd to bo HO Hniall and so irregular tiiat it could not safely lie applied.* The <'orreetionM of earlier years, and fo;- 1S.,I>, wen* small. It may, therefore, be assumed that the deelinations of that period ( l.^.iti-ls.')!!) are practically iiniiillnenced iiy the discordanei* in ipiestion. On thi> inti'odnetioii of the threat transit circle in IS.^il liiis discordance was at onc(> noticeable, and a correction has always been applied to all polar distances deduced from the oi)sei valions of this inslriinient — this correction beiiij; a>snmcd to be cipial for thu two classes of observations (direct and rctleclcd), but applied with opposite sifjiis. The division error was discussed for every dcj,'ree (d' pointer readin;;, tirsi in IM.'it-'-', apiiii in ISoli, and lastly in ISTI. The results of the three investi;;ations essentially conllrni each otlie 'I'he Ihst table ol' corrections was used in the years l.S,")|-l,S,")(i ; thcse(!oiid, l.S."i7-l.S(i7; the lliiid, which is the mean of the liist ami second, IStiS and later. The hori/.ontal llexnie was several times determined by the o|iposiii — AI ocears, is cH'cclively about -."i'^, and, therefore, tliat h would have been about .S />', had the law expiH'ssed in (I) been used instead of (Li). The ;:roups are partly determined by the periods dnriiij; which the isanie coetlicient determined trom opposing' collimators was used. The lollowiu}; table exhibits approximate results. The first column j^ives the year or period ; the second, adopted value of llexnie depend- •Airy sivs, p, xli, Int. (ill. OliH., l.~l(i, " Tlic valiir.s of 11 — It aii< ko small, and llii' (xisliiur oT any lliat I liavo lliini^lil il lu'-t In adopt llu- riiTlc-nwiills witliout uny ciiriec- la uiiinii;' tlii'iii SI 1) nnfnrtani, tion fur A' — />.' Tlii.s rcuiarU \t .siilistaullally npiali'd In ruili viilunic until 1S.MI. % El li u 1 hi u 1 1 tltl 442 UNITED STATES XOItTIlEKN BOUNDAltY COiMMISSION. ;!(i| iiifj on sill Z, lybtaiiieil from ob'iTvation of colliniiitoris; tbe tbinl, tbo iiverago valiio of /* for tlio {jivt'ii j.i'iiod — for tlio lirst throe {fiou|Ks diroctly derived — for all after ISGli from b' ill tbe uianmu' exiilained ; the fourth, tlie average value of tbe constant term « ; the liftb, the sum of second and third eoliimns; tbo .si.\tli, the weijjbt — tbo result of one yosir lii-inji the unit. The spaces indicate epochs of change in division correction used : — rerioil. Ci'lliiiialiir Uexmo. ;.,.ir.8(-' (1 Residual lluxiuo. Weiglit. 1851 if'r.s 1803-18511 18o7-18Cl l,-(i-J-Hti.J l-'ti,". 18rni-ln70' 1-71 and 187:i Jl.aii // + .7:1 + .7:t ^- . r,o + ..-.0' + -Vl — .1;; — .-,'1 [ - ••211 — .:il — .4-2 — .4:1 — .(ii + .0-J + .51 ++ 1 ++ 1 + 1 " .111 .111] . ii;) .(14 .111 .111 . HI .111 + .VJ + .11) -!- .14 + . l:! + .11 + .-J.-. + .:!;i 1 4 .'■> It I + .-Jl _.„.". J * Tlio actual uImii^o in divi.>.i()ii cDiioLtidii uwd tuok placi' in 1-li^, and in iinimixntant. Tiius it appears that, if the uniform value of sine llexure, + ".21, had been employed thiougbout tbe series, we should have bad sufticiently good agreement between direct and relleetion ob.servations. This apiu'ars to me to throw diseivilit upon the value of lie.xuro derived from o|)posing eollimators, and fmees me to the belief that the change in the collimator flexure between ISOo and IStiti, if it has indeed any reality in fact, Wi'-; much smal'er than has been sui>posed. In this piirticular case, at least, the fore- going di.>ieussion appears to argiu' strongly for tbe utility of leUectioii observations. If there is a real residual discordance, li — 1), it would a[)pear from the discus- sions of Ary (.Mem. It. A. S. xxxiii, and Seven year Ciilaiogiie, p. viii); I'aye {Cnniptcn Ji't«(/«s, sxi, ')!'. 401, 0u5, 757); and Van de t\iiKle JJaikhuyzen* {Ant. Xach. 17l!0), that it is probably due in some measure to tbe elVecl of variations of temperature at dilVerent altiti' 'es in the observing rorai. It is (luite likely, that the rellci'tion obser- vations ate i)rificip:dly affected — as Ileiidcrson and others have su|)posed. It ma\ be interestiu;'' to note that, if we as.^iume the latitude derived by Dessel fiom Bradley's o">>servati(;i!s {Fund. Antr.) to be near the truth — and there is good reason for believiiij,' it is — and if we suppose tbe mean latitude for the period lS3li- 1800 to be that which is afl'ected br the correction — , we shall have: — 1 ?.>"): V- = r»io 2.S' ;!!)".(; 1.S47: V- =51oi.>,s';iS".17, * *' I'ebcr lit H lAtiJlustt ittr UtrahUtthrvclittnj im Ji(utntf:htttn;nti(iitliy uitf O'tv mit item Mt r'nliaiilrt i.if lnf»4t 184-i-l.-l?i 1851-1800 L.ititudo oliscrvc'd. From forraiilii. O / /' 51 M ;i8.28 ;i8. 11) •M. 04 o / " :!8. 17 :!8. 15 If, oil tlie other hand, we considei the results lor latitude as i)rinfed in the Green- wich Annual Catalo^jues later than 1800, wo have seconds of latitude for 18(51-07, ;{5".L'5; and (after approximate redueilon to the retractions luvviously used) for 180S- 7_*, 3S".1.S, results which ccntradict the theory of diniinishinj; latitudes. ' KADCLIFFi; CA'I'AL0GU1::S. He 45. The nutation correction is neglected, lieeause the period embraced in the observations is so great, that an error greater than the correction would often be intro- lied, as well as that for error in reducing three stars r^i'ccilied, i>. Int. Tne refractions used in this catalogue are those of Itessel (1820) multiplied by .01)07. A much smaller refraction was ilediK^ed by Johnson (IlcObs. xv, p. xxiv). The instrument was very imperfect, and was used in a single position. lie o8. This is essentially a continuation of the foregoing catalogue. The impor- tant eorreetion jt. xviii Introduction to second IJadclitle catalogue was a[iplie(l beloie using the n-sults. I'e 00 ami l{e 7l'. The trifling correetiim for proper motion has been applied in a few instances. The telescope was shilted relatively to the circle, at the begiiniing of 1870; so that in the liual discussion of deeli'Mtions the series has been divided into two groups. In making np these groups llie observations were given weights pro])iir- tional to number (>f observations, the eoirectioiis of Table IX. being lirst applied. The results were then considered as agreeing with the Normal System and were used without further correction. Dut, for i)reliniinary purposes, owing to the large system- iiti( ditlerenees in polar distances of dillerent years, stars were t)iiiilted which were not observed in at. least four dill'ereiil ,\ears. llach year was given eijual weight u'lless tlu^ number of observations was less than 4; two or three observations were given weight .7; and 1, weight .4. The following table exhibits corrections to assumed places thus derived : — star. r. Star. r. 1 ! Sfiir. f. t II Ai dri>iiii'(t;u „ - .-Jl'l 4 .:!;> --■ .HI -1- .IH -1- .-js 1 1 1 '■ PiscilllM — .11 51 Anilriiiiiiila^ I'iseiiiMi — ..W — .78 4- . •-I) — .Vi ■1- ..-.7 Y Pi ^^jirti tt Ciissioju-rt^ V (>ussi(ipt';n 11 .Vmlrimieil;b ,( Aiiilriiint'ilii) — . ej 11 IJr-ii' Mumris . ... - . '.Ml " Ci'li ; 4- .i;i 1/ I'lM-iiim ; — . lUj f t^l.s^ill|M■a) ) Ariel is 50 (Jassiitiu'iu , ?{ ill In is * 'i I \ ll w 1 1 I I ii n f I it 444 IXlTEl) STATES NORTnERX BOUNDARY COMMISSION. star. a Arii'tis i' IVIi.... i- Ci'li ... )' IVIi.... a Cell.... .1 hi Vivii' Mnjoiin . Ilxiliic ri>;o .MiiJKi'is . (iimi'i llvUiib I.CdlliM l.iMiiiis Vrmv Mihjnns l>i'i)iiis Lcimi.s ■ I Lt'oiiis Li'tuiis I.l'llllis I isn' .Miij.iiis , . lisiu .Miijoris . . Lfonis l.t'ilIliH DniL'Dtiia Li'onis L'rsjc Miijoris . . T.i'otiirt \'ii'^iiiiM l'i>:i' Miijoris . . I'rtiu .MuJoi'iM . . Virginia I'lTwi ... IVrsfi 'rami II. .\. C. l-,>;i.'i Tiiuii Tinni Taiiii , t'iiim'lopariJiilis . Amiga' Ami};io (Irioni.s Tanri Oiiiinis Oi'ioiiis , Orioiiis Amiga', (Iriiiitioruin (ii'iiiiiionim (ii'iiiiiiormii 1!. A.C.'Jl.'.T (ictniiuirniu (u'luiiionim (ail. MiiKiris lil IllilMirillll Caneri + + + 1 + + + + + + + + + + 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 -I- + Star. ir, I; 17 !| '■i'> i: (111 1^ :u ll iil Ti r i;i I MS I; 0(> 01 I'J •J!) Drijconia Can. A'l'U Virgiiiis Virginia Ur.siP Miijoris . Virtjinis llrsai Majaris . liooli.s. Drai'imis Ikioli.s llciotis (P lioolii (' liiiotis )J I'rsiu Minoris . . ,3 l!lK)ti:) Libra' I'rsa' Minoris Draconis Ciiioiiio Uorcalis S('r|u'iiii,s , St'r]M'nt\s Trsa' Miiiiiris ... l)rai'(ini,4 Ojliinclii lliTiuliH l'>i"a('oni.s , Prai'iiniH Opliiiiclii , lIl'IlMllis Ilcrciilis K 0|ihiiU'lii c UiTiniis , f I'rsit' Miuorii) n' Ilcrculis J Drauonis (1 Opliini'lii // llcrciil's L ' lii'atMdiiM ^ll lli'icnlis 7 Draconis ,! '/ X I'r.^a' MInuriH. St'Viu'ntis Ilrai'onis l.vrio Lvra', Ai]nila» Ai|nila> A(|iiila! t'.VKni Aqniliu Arpiila^ , Aqnila' I'rsa' Mi noils . t I'plii'i Di'lpliini Star. +1 .OS , + .•-•1 ..|0 + . •.'(> ..U j -1 .OJ ' — . I'J — .o;i + .o:i ' , rt.'t _ .OS ' + .:!',! _L .k; + . IT — .Ml + 7*1 !so — .•-0 + .41 + .IS .;ii + . -T .01 + + . I;! -1 .07 + .07 -1 . nil + 1 .11 + .7(i — . ;i.s +1 .10 ' + . i:i + . -M 4- .:>i — :ii + .47 o-.> — 01! + 74 + (1.! + ."■.o + 7S + M + IM + •JO + ti-.' + :<-i + •J7 + :i;i ' + .74 ; + .oa 1 1 « Ct'plu'i... II l>('l])Iiini . (I Cvgni-. .. II A<|narli .. (>l ' Cygni k t'.VgiO II Ci'pliri . .. ,i Acpnirii .. // (N'plii'i ... F Aqnarii .. (' I'l'RaHi li! IVgaM ... II Ai|narii .. (' Aipnirii .. ;. Aijnarii .. ll- ("I'plii'i . . V Aipnirii .. v" I'.'ga.si ... // IVgasi ... I Coplii'i . .. > Aipiarii .. II ri'gasi . . . ri (Vplli'i . .. / ]'i8runn .. ; Oi'plu'i . .. ij ritteium.. .S'dini aoulh of — lo^. () Ci'fi I'.riilani ... l.i'pnris ... Can. .Majciri AignB Cratrris ... Corvi I.ilniB Scorpii . ... (I Sriirpii 44 Opliiiielii . . /i' Sagiltarii . 4;i Sagiltarii . II- Caprii'orni Tin. Au»t . . [38] + .04 + .74 — . y 1 — 1.74 +1.4d — .04 + .10 + .0(1 — .Oil -1.04 + .11 + .'Jl + . 04 — A<-i + . WJ — .15 — .;i:i + .ti,'-. + .4:! + .10 — l.'J7 + .--il -f l.,''>7 + .0-J + .11! — .!« — .08 — .11 + . i;» + .:i'J — .0- — .(W + .:!4 -f .Oli + 1.40 + .00 — ..IS + . 02 — ;!. -M + .0:! NoTK — Till' catalogut' lor l->7li wiia not ri'ii'ivi'd in time to bo usoil iu furmiug tho nbovo corrct'tiona, but is usi'd lator in inaking up (',, I'oi Hi 7'.'. , tkim>~— [391 KEl'OKT OF THE CHIEF ASTHOXUMEU, APPENDIX 11. 445 111 forming tlio corrections, ii few polar distances inarkcd in llie catalofjucs as (lotibtfiil. or to be rejected, witli a few which result solely from observations below tho pole at jjreat zenith distaiu-es, 'vere not used. The weii;hfs of a few others were n'dneed in forming; the means, on ac<",oiint of nniisiial discordance, or because the cat- alofjue p. d. is made u\> partly of mibpolo determiiiationa at zenith distances over 70°. Ill general, the results are far less exact than we should have expected from tho circumstances. Thouyih the instruinciit i.»' of the iion reversible pattern, the relation of the telescope to the divided circle can .le altered at pleasure; yet this jirecautioii was exercised but once, at the bcjiiiininf? of 1870. It would bo impossible to detail the various systematic! corrections which have been applied in tiio reiluctions from ti mo to time. The division error was determined on the assumption that the mean of S microscopes is free from error, and a correction ap|)lied after 1802. The values of liori/oiital llexnio as adopted in redn(!tioiis have varied from + I'M.'J to + li".S2. The dependence on the time is not marked, the adopted value in 18(il.'-"(i;{ bein}» + '2".'); and in lS71-'7.'5, + 2".S. In KSOL'-'tt.i-'lit and '07, corrections were aiiplieil for R-J) Various corrections were apiilicd for discordance of zenith points, deter- mined by nadirs and by reflection observations, etc. The refrai-tions are those deduced by ilohnson, and used in the KadclilVe ficiieral calalofjues. To show the variety of practice in reducing the observations, we have the following table of latitudes adopted in reductions;- V.';.i-. Ail(i|)ti'il l:ili:ii(li>. Y.Mr. A.lni Ill) liititiiili'. I -■»;•-' :\ 1.-, ;:.-.. S-. l.SI'.t ., 1". ;ir...|-j i-(i.i :).•). 7:1 i-i;i :i."i. r,() I -TO ■M\. 20 i-ri.'i :!.">. ','?< 1-71 ;i.\si If'lKl :i(i. :>;> l-7>.' :!(i. tu; lMi7 :i.'>, !M> l-7:i :!i ;.'.!:( i?t;8 :s('i. 10 M m ^I'l . -!■ The groups indicate pericxls for wliitth the zenithal circle readings were the same. Pa •(."(. The catalogue results are used without change. The in.->trument used in these observations is of peculiar construction, and in many respects superior to any yet employed in meridian observations lor the i)urpose of deducing standard decli nations. The results liiic those of Kg L'l, Dl L'l, and .\o L'!) are Independent in <>veiy essential respect, and are .such as to inspire the highest coiilldeiice. Ah II and Ah .'iL'. It was decided to use the Armagh places for ISU) as two cata- logues. The lirst includes tho observations IS.id-lSKi; (he second, lSI7-18r)l. Where a star had been observed in both periods, the separation was accoinpliNl'cd in this manner. In the section entitled "OlisciMd Places of Stars,'' |»p. I to 010, liio iiieans, for each i)eriod, of corrections to the assumed jiolar distance (liiat of .\. S. (\, II. A. O., etc \ were taken. Tho mean of all the results was then subliaelcd IVoin tho separate means; tho results are corrections to the catalogue jtolar distances for the respective periods. In tho majority of instances all tho observations of a given star are einbraccd in one or the other of the two periods. No correction for nutation was 446 UNITED STATES NORTDERV IJOUNDAKY COMMISSION. [40] IH m nppliod. Tlu' «•<.: loffUQ |>lac('s nrc rodunoil witliout proper motion exco])t in a few <'asi's .peciricd by J)r. liobitisoii in Axt. Kacli. Ix, 7;"). The proper correction Ims been ciirefnlly ii|)plic(l. WASHINGTON MUKAL CIECLE, 1845-1873. Tiie most of this series, tojjcther with oUservations of meridian circle, meridian transit, and 'uiine vertical transit, have been compiled in a peneral eatalofrue* for tho epoch 18(50, i/V Professor Yarnall. I'or the present jiuriiMse it is desirable to separate the work of the various iiislMiniciits, and to combine the work of the mnral circle into snch convenient pronps as aiijiear to be advisable. The error of division of this instrnnient thongli not inveslit;ated is nndonbtedl.v small, and to jirovide ajiainst error lidin this and other can.'ics the iiosiiion of tlie telescope on the circle was IVe- qncntly changed. Wn 47. The declinations arc rcducid in ISI.T with Lindcnau's natation; in the three Ibllowing years with that of the I!. A. C. and to epoch, = 281°. The correc- tions arc : — 184.") 4- ".L'l sin (a 4- ai."AL') 1840 + ".0,-> sin (« + 244° ) 1847 + ".(Mi sin {« + L^ll-^ ) 1848 + "(Hi sin (« + L'47o ) Tho proper motions employed in the leductions arc thos(> of N. A., 1848, and 7>. A. ('. After 1845 the di cilinations are reduced to 18,"t(l, so that the correct i.;:> is often coin iderable. The latitude which resnlts from the observations of circumpolar stars in 184.1, and which is adopted in subsequent years, is smaller by ".25 than that actually em|)loyed in the icduclions of 1815. Ai cordinjtly, the correction — ".25 has been applied to the catalofiue declinations of that year, reversing' the si^n wlure the declination results IVom observations below tiie ])ole. The circle was used in thirty difl'erent positions, relative to the zeniti:, in 184f» ; in 1S4(1 and 1S47 the zeiiilh reading remained the same, and was again changed at the beginning of 184S. The jjidcess (if eonibinalion is as follows : The declinations of 184(! ami 1847 are conibiiied with wi'ights propoilional to the number (.f observa- tions; to the resulting declinations lor 1845, 184()-'47 and 1848 weights are assigned according to this table : Weiglit. Niimlicrol). BcrvatiiiiiB. W.M«llt. Niuiilu'i- iilisorva- tioilH. 1 2 u. r, 1 4 1 1 .J ;t 4 &ti)7 (■) 7 » tu n. !i to l(i. 17 toaii. 'j7 to r.o. 51 1111(1 ii;iwar*lit to 1871." Apiieiiilix III.. Vv asliinKli'ii Aslidiioinieal Oli^ervaliuiix lor l-Tl. [ ^!5fl»»^ iMIH I U i JMHia i llUII umM [41] KKPOllT OV THE CHIKF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX II. 447 tii(l(^ actually uspil in reductions (.'?S0 TkV ^".25). TIio rcaiiltiiiff correction to dccli- atioiis, I have not used. Wn (!4. All tlio declinations must be ('orrected for tlie lull amount of jtroper motion — that of « L.vra in ISCrJ excepted. Tln^ hititiide assumed in the reductions should he corrected hy — ".47, accordirifi; to the discussion by Professor Newcoirih.* I li.U(( a[H)lied to all declinations aliovo the pole the correction —".47; and to all helow, + ".47. To all the declinations by direct observations in l.SOI and 1S()2, I have ap|)lied the correction, —".21 for discordance of direct and reilecl*'d observations, on the autlujrity of the di.scussion, [). .\xx, Wash. Ast. OUs. JSO.i. In combination, the \vei;thts were taken from the table, jiiven in Wash. Obs., 1.S04, p. xli, which is hero ?. lAi for reference: WHght. Niniilicr (if oIist'i-validiiH in dilli'r- I'ltt years. IHiil-'li'J. l~i;:i. ■j'lir :!. 1 ti.7. K til -Jd. AlMiv.saO. 1 B 1 ill- -J .... AIn)Vr Vj . . I DI'J .... ;i to r> .... Aluivr i'l. . 4 :> . Wii 7(t. All declinations :\rc corrcttted tor full amoinit of proper motion. In 1872 ami l.S7.'i the assumed latitude is ;i>SO 5.J' ;!S".S, and this is ".4.") .^-nndler than that of l)re\ious years. + ".4.~i is applied as a correction to the catalojjne declinations of 1,S72-7.S. Ho 51. The declinations of the catalojiuc' are used without alteration. So ;■).">. Piopei' motions were employeil by Miista In a few cases only. These an* spicilicd on p. xli, Int. The nutation correction is that of (Je .Vi. Ps 53. The declinations of the catalo^iui are used without chaii};e. The position of the telescoiK^ on the circle was twice changed diiriiifr the observations of this series. There is every reason to believe that the observations are fxce|>li()nally free fnun crrois due to the instrument ((ranil)ey circle). The error of division apjx'ais to have been small (vide Lanuier's catalogue, p. 55, and C'ompl. L'cml., Idiik , xxvii, p. O.i.'!). No sensible llexuri> is indi(;atcd by the few rellection observations which were taken. Caillet's refraci ionsf were adopted in the r( (bulions, and the numerous observations of eircumpoiar stars do not indicate any ennsideraole correction to thi'm. I'AKIS A.N.M'Al. ('.VrAI.Olll.'i:s, lS-||-Vi7. The declinations of the anniuil catalogues ic'(piire no sensible correction. TTiitil l.S()2 the (iambey nniral circle was used alom-. i\('*"r that tinu' thi^ declinations depend principally upon observations made with the ^r(>at meridian circle. The i)osilion of the tclesciipe on the circle was eliaii;,fed in September, 1S57. A comi)aiisiin between results (ibtaiiied before and after this tinu- shows lliat there is a constant dilVeieiK^e, aiiionnlin^r, appriixiinately, to ".L'5. In ISti.'J ami l.Slit 'Ik. tiansit circh^ was used without any cor- rection forl'exure; afterward the correction — ".7('siu /was applied in the reductions. * Apiicndix 111 Wa^hin^liin Ast iiiiiiiin leal Olweival iiiiiH fol' lS(i.|. I .\ilililiiiiiH S la Ciiiiii. ill's Iririps, l".'il. f!l ^ai n: i i 1 . ' t 1 I i 1 I 1 . 448 UNITED STATES NORTnElJN BOUNDARY COMMISSION'. \V2 Ooniparisoti of the rcstilts obtaiiicil by the two f.irclcs, when used in coininoi), shows no ii|)pr('ciiil)le systcmiitic^ (liiTc^it'iit'i' liotwwn tlieni. Tiio (U'clinations are not independent — tli(^ pohir points beinn derived I roni obser- vations of tlio Btars of a stainlaid eatah);;iie, the piaees of whi<'h are revised IVoni time to time on the authority of the o!)servati()ns tln'inselves. 'i'iie process is analo};oiis to that coMiniotily adopted in tiie deterininalion of ri^lit j'.s(;ensioiis. The separaie results inaliin*; np eacii of the four nionps — l.Sr)l-'.">7, l.S.lS-'tJl!, l,S(;,'i- '(il, and l8(i5-'(»7, are eonil)ined Willi weifjhis ]>roportional to the ti'ins. nuniher o f obi The observed declinations of stars, not included in (he J'aris standard eatalojjne. are not conveniently aecessil)le, and the ap|)areut places for the days of observation only are given, ('onsequently they have been used oidy in a lew special cases. ni{f.ssi;bs ANN'i;.\L ( atai.ocmi'.s. The declinations of these (-atalofiues are unall'ccted by the reduction for jiroper motion, except for stars of the JSiilish Nautical Almanac. J have applied the proper correction. The nutation correction for 1S."),"( and IS.jti is identical willi that of Cam- ')rid;:e for correspoiidiiif; years. The correction for division was not apjilicd until I.s."i7. 'l'lioUf,'h there is no appre- ciable alteration in methods during the ))eriod 1.S57 to I, S(17, the observations were divided into two nearly equal };rou|i,>-' — IMT-'O^, 180;!-"()7 — by which means {jreiiter accuracy is secured in the solution of co' dilional e(;uations according to the adopted mclliod. This is the more to be desired becaus(^ the Itrussels series (contains numerous observations of stars {,'enerally lu'filected, elsewhere, in recent times. The eombiualion of the ,separat(> years in each ')f the three f;roups was effected by means of weifihts strictly proportional to tlie numlxT of observations. C (i II oS. The proper motions employed in this catalof;ue are usually very near those assumed in this paper. Whcie this corr<'cliiiu becimies sensible it has been applied. The instrument is a duplicate of the (ireeiiwieh transit circle, and is of course, subject to the same theoretical objections. Mr. Stone suspects iliat the zenitii distances fjiven by this iustrinncnt require a considerabh' collect ion*, wh.ch is i)roporlional to cos /, This will tend to throw suspicion upon the results of the discussion of refraction coirection in introduction to the ('ai)e catalogue (p. x). This discussion iiulicatcs that, Iic.ssel's icl'ractions should be multi|>lie(I by .!)!)5.'( in order to correspond to the obser- vations of circumijolar stars, but i;o use is made of this result by Mr. Slone in forming the catalogue. MetiL'. The small corrections foi' dinereuee between assumed and catalogue (Main's) ;'''oper motions have been applied, also the table of (corrections for llexurc, eic, given in the (catalogue (p. xxi, int.). The instrument u.scd in these, and subsequent meridian observatioiis at ^Ielbournt>, is similar in most respects to the (Ireeuwich transit circle. It is much sii'aller, however, and there are only lour circle microscopes. During t'le i)eriod ciubraee(t in Me (ii; the instiument was u.scd at Williamstown, a sluut distaiKce from its present site. The instrumental reductions are very uncertain, MiMitli. No'. I{. A. ,S., vol. it;i, p. (i'.). ll.'U KHI'Oin OF TIIIO CIIIKI' ASTUOiNOMI";!;, AIM'KNDIX II. 449 and llic circiiirisliiiiccs were iinhivoi'iil)!!' lor iiccmriiti' wwU. 'I'lic (Iccliiialioiis arc prob- ably Miiicli inlcrior to lluisc oblaiiii'd witli tiic .same iiistriiincul at McIIidmi iic. i\lo 08. Tim c-atalo^iK^ polar tlisianccs arc reduced to IS70, willi jiropcr iiiotioiis, which scliloiii dlH'cr inucli Ironi tiio.sc olSi'ctioii II. Ilo\V(^vcr, llic rcsuitiiif,' siiiaii coi'- rcctions liavc been careluiiy applied. Foilo\viii;j; Ww. disciissian by Mr. 10. .1. Sloiio (Moiilli. Not., \ol. 1!S, p. L'7), the deeiiratiohH art^ reduced by Mi'. I'dlery on llic assuriip- tion that lor .stais enlaiinatin;; nortli of Melb()iirn(^ /enitli, l>essei'.s rclraction.s slionl, and for Ntar.s Mouth l)y .!)!l(i.!. The latter ninnber results from observations ol'cir(aHn|iolar star.sat Melbourne, tli(>. former from comparison with (ireen- wich declinations, ISftT-'t)."). From circMm|)ohir stars J)r. (lyldcn has found .'.IKTIS {V. .1. S. lid., iv, lOL'), and arguments derived from a consideration of Cape of (iood Hope, and St. Helena declinations, compared with those of northern ob,scr\'ations, incline him to the bcliel' that there may be a real dillerencH', in tli(! refiaclioiis for the two sidcH »>f the zenith at Melboui'iu-, (houj^h the cpu'stion is nineh obscured by th(^ uncertainly as to division error and llexnre of the instrnnu'iil. Tlu> instrument beiiiH' uonrcversibic we must renuiin in i^'n(>rane(^ as tu liu^ auiount of cosimt llexnre, and while this uu(M>r- faiiity remains it will be dilllcidt to draw decided conclusions about rcfrai'tion, espe- cially when \v(> (U)nsider the necesi-iarily lai'^e probable error of refraction determina- tions at the latitude of iMclbourne. 'J'he comparison of \N'asliin{;ton and ^Alelbourne (p. oun observations are corrected for the lull amount of proper motion, anti for the (|uantities (applicable to dcclinalious, clamp east) in the following table, which is ().\tracte(l from the introduelion to the volume in (|ueslion (|i. xiv): — ('i)i'i'ec(ioii. — ..M 1 ;!:, — .17 •ir. , — .liH 1 .'•!.■. _^. .•.'() ' i;.'> -1- .(M) i <•> + . ■■■.l Kt lliinci- inn. + • 17 -1- ■ iV-i + . TiO + • i:i -1- • i:t n ! When tluM'lamp is west the sij;n of the correelion must lie reversed. The deeli- nalious depend esscutiaily upon those of the IJerliii ./((/(c/ufc/f (Wolfer's). Le, (i(i. The declinations must be (!orrectecce|itioniil ciin^ appears to iiavc heea exercised both N 1) '-••• jf i il\\ i] ''!l I 4rK» I NITKl) STATKH NOKTIIIiltN ItOlINDAItY COMMISSION. lit! in till' ()l)si rvatioiis iiiul llicir riMlnctioiis. Tlie instnimciit is of tin- revcrsihlc iiattcin, 1111(1, wlu'ic |)i;u'tic:il)li', iMiiiiii iMiinlicis of obsiTvatiiiiis iiavi- lu-i'ii taivcii in t'acli of tlin lour ])iKsiiii;iis— flainp casi (dir. and ivl.), claiiiii wt'st (ilir. and id'.). Tin' error ofdivisioii lor every ."»' mark on botli eircles lias lieen ascertained. The eorre(ttioiis lor llexure, and to assaaied latitude and relVaclion eonslant, are tlioroa;;hl,v discasseil aeeordin^ to the methods ol' Uessel. The Giailmcunitii;/ stars were each observed ixteen limes — the others mneh more I'reiinendy. i;i;sii.T.s()i-()iisi:i;v.vnii\s loi; declixatidn jiadi; with iiii; \v,\ii dilVereiit divisions in diU'erent years. The only exception is in the .\cais 1S71 and ISTl.', which, for practical purposes, may be ii'sarded as the wesides the correcl ions foi division and llcMiie in each jcar, ceitain corrections derived from the observations I'or jiolar distance are aiiplicd for discordance of direct and reflected observations and for error of assumed latitude, so that, in elfc-ct, the results t)f separate years are essentially independent and in a certain sense ab.>-olute. lVrli:i)s the most reniaikable feature in the method of reduction pursued throuj^h- out this series is the assumption of a comparatively sudden change near IliozenitU [.»r,i UEFOUT OF TIJi: CIIIKK AHTUONOMHIi, APPENDIX 11. 151 ill tlie corroctioii for disfonlaiice ol' direct and riflictcd oliscrvatioiiH. Tiiis coiit'ctioii is assumed to be constant I'l !H)0 (o ,-,o luirtjicin zenitii distanee, and troni ".a to !IOO soutlieiii nenitli distance, ditleient values of tiie correction beiii;,' applied aeeordiii},' as the object observed is north or south. Ik'tweeii the \wUn '>° north and that which is i>° south tile value of the correction is interpolated. If we denote by— JZ the corrections actually ai)plieerhaps chiefly, if not entirely, observations by rttlection. Moreover, the final results of separate years, as i)riiited, exliibit considerable systematic discordances. I therefore resolved to investigate the relative accuracy of the results tor separate years, and, with certain lueliniiiiary assumptions, to derive if possiltle from the obser- vations themselves .systematic corrections, which should appear theoretically admis- sible, and which might at the same time produce a tolerable degree of harmony. It appeared to me that this would be (nacticable only in the ease of the earlier years, there being after 18(i8 few oliservations of stars at lower transit or by n tlection. In 1800 the instrnnient was dismounted and placi'd in a new room especially designed for its use. In 1870 the object-glass was reground and other important chai.gcs accomplished. These and other considerations have led to a division of the entile series into two distinct portions, viz : Wii OS, embracing the years 180G-18G9. Wn 7l>, years 1870-1871. Wn (IS. The following notation is adopted : Z = Zenitli distance, reckoned from 0° to oOtP in usual direction. J Zz= Ivciiuircd constant correction for a given ,\ear to direct zenith distances, as adopted and corrected liii' division error. J) = Coneetion for tiivision error, tak<'ii from tables § 72 of description of transit circle, Wn. Ast. Obs., 180r>. " .Seo p. Ixxviii. Intioilui'ticm to Wasliinnton ARtrononiiciil OliHiTVii'ioiiH for 1><7.1. It t I I'-i 1 1 If 462 (INITKI) ai'xVfKS NOHTllKUN UOUNDAUV COMMISHION. ■Mil 7" = Polar (listaiH'o of Ainoriciin KplionuTis. For direct obaervatious counted rniui tP to ;!()0O. Jp =: Collection yivcn to 1" l),v a sin;;l(! oljscrvatlon of jjoiar distance as printed in tlic colnnin entitled " JMisci'llaneons Conei'tions," in tlie sections enti- tled "Oliseivalioiis witli llu^ Transit Circle;" liiit this desij^nation is also applied to the same (luantity when corrected lov oralti and certain cor- rections reiinired t)y some of the zenith points of IStiT iiinl 18(i8, J 1 , .= Jlean of n values of Jp. iJoes not inclnde division correction. J /• = J /', + /). /'and r, for stars not in Am. I''|)li, correspond to 7" + J /'and /" -f J /',. /•'=: llori/ontal, or sine llexure. /'■' = Zenithal, or cosine llexure. J ^-^ = ( 'orrection to assumed latitude, — .'iso ,-.;i' ;i,S".80. ," and // = ("oniputed refractions, respectively for the upper and lower cnlminatlons of a j;iven star. (I — /,) = Fa(!tor by which these ninat he midtiplied to briiifj them in accordances with observation of circunipolar stars. The true probable error of any final result for a given star in a sin},'le position of the circle, is supposed to be of the usual form 1:,^+ ' • where — c = I'robablo error of a sinj^le pointinj;, or that part of the error which dimin- ishes accordinj; to the value of ,-: and Vll £, = Probable error for a siuRlo position of the instrument when ii is infinite. ; is supposed to increase with the zenith distance according to the law ;- = :,/ -f- £■„,'- trtii'^ /; where s,, = value of c when / = 0; and — -,„ = arbitrary constant. r' = \Veijj;ht, the probable error of whose mat is /,'. Whenever it is necessary to limit the a])plicalion of the above quantities to a particular year or mode of observation it is effected by adduig to the expression for the quantity the desif;nations (!(!, (17, (iS, 00, or (I>ir), (Hel), etc. These designations are omitted in many ea.scs where no ambij^nity can arise from taat course. The change in method of obiainin.u zenith point, which took |ilace in l.S(J7, requires an exannnation of the determinations of north polar distance in that year, lor the purpose of ascertaining whether there is any constant difference between the results obtained before and after .luiie 1, when the change took place. To settle this point, the direi't observations of 70 stars most iVequently observed (and at least three times in each period) were selected. The oliservations iirevioiis to .Tune 1 were groui)ed in a single mean, J P, ; an, All till' iii)l;ir (listaiu'i's 8ul)stM|ii('iit to .Iiiiic 1 weir (•(Hisi'(|iu'iitl,v iMiircctcd b\ — ".:U, to biiiif,' them into sy.sti'iiiiitic iiuconlaiicc witli tliosc Viiliuvs of J/) olitiiiiu'il prcviciiis to that iliitc. AVhi'ir the iiiiiiilicr of (IcItTiniiiatioiis tor a ^'ivoii star is small, paiticiilar examination of ohservatioiis mailc in Alas was instituted, and such oliscrvalioiis in that month as apiieareil to It Ciiiicri. St'iilcnilxT 7.. 1' - I.r. I'.l Octlll)lT 1 T — '.Ml Hi OcUpImi l:t.... f — '.'. (1 I'.l Ofldlii r 1(1 I' — 1.7 Hi Novi'IiiIh r(>. .. i; — (I.'.l 2^ rrvjjili to roiaiis. NoVfinlK-rd. . . !■: — '-•.:! 11 (1 ( 'aiiiM Majoris to a U\t\ ■ill. IH'Ccnilirr s. .. '•' - I.-.* ir • 'I'lio ruNiilt t'roiii fj A(|iii!a; is oxc'liiili'il. The corrections on November si Novfinlier 5, ll".tt, on Xovcinlii'r 7, 111".!.', mid on NovoinbiT 1), l(l".(!, ciicli dcppnilinff on two ,> only riMnitinin^ corruutionH luloptiMl to aid in forniiiifj; J i' in tliiH lunl in otlicr Yfiirs aiv i'or rrnifa, wliicli aro to Ito t'onnd at llic end of tliis ApixMidix. Twenty seven oliservations in lS(iS wliieli (littered more tiniii .'!".r> from tlie eoiu'lnded meatiH, were rejected. In ISCit! the values of J /* resnltin;; from zenilli points as corrected are adopted. rroliiihic Krror. lU'fore conibiniM}; tlie results of separate years, it is important to know tlieir rela- tive weights; especially as an examination, merely preliminary, shows that the accu- racy of a sinjile determiinition varies };reatly in difVerent years. In Rett in^j probable error, the corrected results were used in ISOli; and the residts as printed ami corrected (mcrtntii^ in subsct|ncnt yeais; except that the rejected observations of ISliS were not included. ICacIi J/* was coiui)ared with its J /', an*l the residuals arranged in ;;roups accoiding to zenith distance. The prol)able error ; was supposed to follow th>' well- known law * ' — - II + ' III ''"'n '' Whatever the iheoretical objections to this formula, they are nothing in com- parison with the uncertainty of the deterniiinition ; because in this particular case there are few ol)servations at great zenith distances. No distinction is nnide between observations north or south of the zenith, owing to the considerable number of bisec- tions taken at each pointing; and these, for northern stars frequently observed, are more nuinerons on the average than for the southern ; so that the greater accuracy in a single bisection of an e(puitorial star is in this way assumed to give no marked advantage. In Ifititi and IS(i7, stars observed twenty tinu's or more were used, excejic at zenith distances greater than 55°, where the niinimnm was reduced to 7 observa- tions of the same star. In the two succeetling years the niinimnm for zenith distances less than tiO'^- is l(». The results follow :— fir(iu|i. M.iiii / No. ITHld- iials, '.'10 OlwiTvoil e n + •■'■.1 c from I'oriiiiila. -t .57 1 (i •) •.'0 iiO-J -t .Wi - - . r.7 :i •js 1!)J -1- .r,s - - . m 1 i;! •Jl-i 4- .(ill -- .(1(1 .1 r.i •i.M Jt .71 -- .(■.;( i> o.i •JOl ± .«■"> :t •''" 1807 1 10 a-jii -fc .r>l -1- ..'il .J 'J.') •r.vi - . Tk. -- .Wi ii ■ID ■jo.-i - .,-.:( -- ..)i> 1 r,:i 1^7 -- .()0 - : . .'-.7 ."> -,'.) f^j - . r.4 ,;.r,9 I'l (I'j ;ii -i- .71 ±.7l T'\i\t f.nnjrior's Memoir; Kaincr, Si-cond Volume I.piden Oliservfttions, etc. [4ft| KKroiM' OK TIIK Cllli:i' ASTKONOMI I!. AIM'KNIHX II. 455 fil'Ollll. Mrai. / 1 K - '."1 1 r,(i t! ii,i f « 1^-(W. III <. Ill' Ml . II. I •,'.".1 :ii:i 7SI HI ■I.'. I .Hi I ,7(1 .1 .'I .1 .<"■' I .:(; I ,77 • I, .77 .1- .7il I .r,(i ' .|. .HI I I. (Ill \\ .'.1(1 Two liiiiidrcil and t'ijjlity-.si^vi'ii residuals ol'staM most Irciiiiciitiy tiliscrvcd in IHd!) KIvc e = i .(>'. Our liiiiidrctl and si.\t\-llve rosidiials of stars most IYf(|(irntl,v oliscrvcd liy lolk'c- tioii ill JS07 yive c — .-L ".">(>. The fuliowiuK rormulii' w<'ri' adoptod I'or tlic rt'spoctivc .years ; 1800 I- = "..'il'.i + ".OI.'iO Vm\'X'/. 1807 .-■ = ".L'(ji 4- ".();!;!;! uwv^'Z ISCS £•' — "."tA + (".(I,!.!,!) taiiR-'Z 18(1!) C2 _ (//_.l,-,,-,) ^ |/',().|1,-,) (;,„„■-■/ For l.SfiS tlio iacitor iiinltiidied li.v Uw^'Z was assumed eijiial to that lound by exprrimont in l>S(i7 ; tlio result tor 18(i,S being oC extremely small weight. Tor 1S((!) the I'ormnla Ibnnd I'roni the observations of Wii ISTO-l.S".'! wa« adopted as being a elo.se approximation. With the arguments Z and year, we have the following table of — Values (if c /t^= (>' 20' ;)(! ' 10- .■0^ u-p ('.(P o.-.'-' 70' 7.-P fl II ,1 / /' I see, . ">T ..->7 .,-)H .(!() AM .111 .(!.■* .7:1 .81 .07 lH(i7" ..'■.I . .VJ . r,'> .W.\ . ,^.'> . t)< . 00 .01 .'■i . S."i IHC.I .7(1 .7(; . 1 1 .'t* .70 . so .H'J .f(! .01 I.OJ IWl') .tw .('■h* . (i-i .70 .li .71 .7(1 .HO .»« l.o-j Tiie vnbie of r, must be determined from a oonijiaiison of observations in different positions of the circle. It will now bo assumed that the .systematic corrections rc(iuireil by the adopted values of J 7', are: rt, a correction /> for division error. This has been taken from tables in § 72 of the description of the transit circle, Washington Observations lor 18(1.".. h, a constant correction, — J /, to all of the zenith points of a given year. The correction to J V will bo + J Z. * Tli(> viiliin of f,;7 111 Uil'X ii(frccs pii'i'lsclv with flial rmiiid in niiiitlnT wny (nco [i. 17). The viiliii> thpre foiiml c()rri'K|i ' m III 450 nXITKI) STATKS NOUTllKKN IJOUNDAKY COMMISSION. r,oi c, a correction for lloxiirc, arbitrarily assiiincil to be of tlie lonii F sin Z + V cos /. *(;!)) lor error in the assnined latitude, 'M^° '>.V ;!8"..S(». These corrections are of the forms usually adopted, and Mcin to recjuiro no ex- planation on theoretical grounds. Accepting these, the linal polar distance by direct observation will be — 7" J- J 7> » ^ t- ' [+ 7>+ j;f+ Fsin/f FcosZ- Jv- Of these corrections J Z will vary with the year ; J c- will be constant ; and />, /•' and F' will do|)cnd upon the reading of the circle used. Vdhic.i >;/' J Z, F and F'. During the yeais 18(17 and ISOS circle B wms used. It was reversed at the begin- ning of 1S08, but was iK>t shifted lelalively to the telesccpe. In each year there is a consideraliKi number of retlection observations, both north and south. The neces- sary conditions are thus established t'lr ascertaining the quantities J2fC7, J/^(W, 7-' aUv' ¥', F :n\([ F' have been already investigated as stated above* (p. 14); but that portion of F' which depends upon the tiexure of the te'escope coidd only be roughly iuferrecl, and was .nUen as .00. So far as this assumption is sni)porte hound to accept tli(> i.itter, provisionally, as the most i)robable, or at least as an imporlant source of the difliculty. If other means of nicasuriug the effect of the known disturbing agency exist and have* been e:iiployed, the (piestion then relates to the weight of each determination or method, and, CNcept for cousidernfions of exjiedieiicy, neither should be adopted to the exclusion of others, unless there is grer.l disparity of weight.;. It is a priori possible that Ihi' whole or a part of the discordance in rpiestion may be proiliiced by flexure. The horizontal flexure (Z') tias been measured by opposing colliiiirtors and also by tlie aid of leveled collimatt.rs, in the manner detailed in the Washington vobiim* for lS(i."i.t Tlur definitive result was taken from tlie former method. The values given by leveled collimators, for reasons stated, are Justly regarded as of little weight, tlioiifh it will be seen that their mean is very near the mean finally ailopted ill this disjiissinii. Professor Xewcomb considers the Ib'xure of the circles and of tlie telescope sepan tely. The former was ascertained by a method of eoniparing simultaneous read iigs of the two circles, combined with a systematic rotation in their relative positions TIi > flexure of the telescope in tho horizontal position wa.s deter- mined by subtiiicliti',' from llu^ value of F, found by opposing collimators, that pre- viously found lor ifieciri'le read in the oliserviifion. A rough check on the zenithal flexure of telescope v as olitained in an analogous manner by the aid of nadir observa- tions combined with .eadiugsoii leveleil collimators. The result is confessedly of small ' \Viisliinj;t7. t ^ (ii.M Alip. I., Wii. ni>s., l^itM. lia)PBBaiaB 1141l«ieilU.UUl.lU-.l-JL.i.ai. : tmmm m immm r ui:"< m REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX H. 457 4 weight. Many of tlio (Ictcrminations by opposing collimators woro iuunvn to ho inllu- enc!t':imati()U. [n IS(J7 there are a few observations of "miscellaneous stais" by rellection, and as these are situated abuost exclusively lu'ar tlie zenith they will afford atlditional evidence as to the character of the change near the zenith in the value of J /'(ivcf ) — J Z'. The following table exhibits the results from these stars iirranged in order of zenith distance of stars observed directly, zenith distances being counted from (!'' to .'!()h3. The first colnmn gives the name of the stiii ; the second is /'cor- rected wherever neeessaiy by — "..'M, to reduce to adopted zenith points; the third i.s seconds of /' (Ket), reckoned from rellected jmlo through nadir, etc. ; the fourth gives the number of observations respectively for P and 7' (Uef), seiiarated by a hyi)hen ; the fifth shows tlie respective weights on the unit whose probable error is l".(ll». Tfiese weights are dedueeil on the si pposition th.it the vaiui' of ;, is :t ":S>. The sixth eo'umu shows the values of i'(l{.'f ) — /", and the last column shows the values of /'. I * ♦ 1; ■ft! Naiiic. r /■(i; ■■f) Ohs, ^1 /•(rj.'f)-f' /. B. A.C. If If o 1 It fi;. ir. 'J- 1 - . 1 1 334 h lli»ii> M;ijoi-is •.'7 :•.;! 1.'). (y t;!. 1^ i-f l.r. — f . -.4 3:17 l1 I'rsiii >fiii(itis w-i r.r> I ■J,;.-.' i(i. ;iii a-'-' •J. r> — i.:w 34a -f |Tis:r 5f;iii)ri» ;i;i ri'.i (i:,. :w ii,"i. 7:i 'J-1 •> + .;!'. =!fi v'l Ursa- NfnJDris. . . . ;ir> '<-■. ;i(!. 07 :!i; S,") '*-! •J + .78 344 1 Can. Von ;tr> fid ;!i. f" :iii 117 ;i-f •) - .'20 345 -.1 n ;i(i .|s (IT. ;!'•• II) fl (Ki. Ill HI 0..I + .8!t 340 34S) Aiiri^rt' X f 'rs:n Mai' cis ■11 '.".I (11. IK! .-,M • X I -'J — y. Ki 3.''i0 Ilcrc'iilis fttrapitiiliiticm ( 11 ;ii 11.07 »taiH norlli ot wiiit ft ;t(; It 4- .'JO 3.MI — .:!(» ± .n 344 • 'riiK a)U'itiir IJuolis li. A. I'. I'.ITO l!.A.C.-27e8 C Tami II. A.c. rjiyo ;iO (ii'iiiiiioruin I 0|>liiiiclii /'(Krl) C-2 Hi *i:t (it (!.') (i7 07 m (W 74 7(1 711 '24 41 17 17 .'"irl HI 47 .'id r>(i on :w ;!7 :v2. -'.) 4IJ.H7 •.'11. 45 •-".1. (>;t •j;. 1 1 cii.:;!) :io. 4-J 4(1. 'J7 17. i:! ;i7.ii,'> (17. i:> nx 74 47.04 •■i'X 70 ■J-*. 04 :,'.K i-(i ;ii.7i 40. n •.".'. Hit 4(i. :i'j :!(!. 77 07.4:: Obs. /■(RH) 2-1 •J-1 •J-1 :i-i ;!-i •j-i •J- 1 •-'-1 \!-l •J-1 2-1 2-1 + .07 — 1.17 + .07 + .90 — . :,'j + I.'-".* -t- lo.i — .t'l — . 2H Rcca|iitalutioii (stars Houth of zuiiitli) 1^4 + . l.--. ± . 14| 11 12 12 13 15 IC. 17 1« IH 23 2.'i 2-^ 17 Tlic iirobaliU' I'lTois luc (U-ihici'd iVom tlio actiiiil residuals; had tlioy lict'ii csti- mated froiii - -' in each ca.se, tiiey would iiavo been i ".'JL'and ± ".I'O, respectively, tor the northern and soutlioni groups. At about 18° zenith distance on each side there are gai**' without stars observed, more than ~P wide in each instance. Taking only Ihe .stars nearest the zenith, we have: — Northern stars 1 (>.."> [.Same, *.'X<"liniiii^ X I'rsii> Maji»riM. 14. .'t Siiiilliorii stars. IS — /•(KiM)— /• 7. — .27 + .o:i ;t4(; 345] + . !.-> 15 The evidence in lavor of an abnormal change aiipears to bo wanting. The result has, however, but small weight. Collecting now all the material which exists in I.'^OV and 1.S08 for dctern)ining J Z(J7, J Z (IS, and 1\ and collecting the values of J /' (l{ef ) — J 7' into groups, iuciadiug in each group a /one nearly 5° wide, we have the fol- lowing tables: — isdT. N... Mpnii / A/'(Ri>f) — A/" -t-'MCiHiii;^ t' ■■ II. o „ ;/ (I) :i09 — .,-.4 15 - .40 - .13 (•■i) 315 -.-7 17 — .05 + .21 (:') ;t23 — . 77 31 00 + .12 (•«) 329 - .00 ;u + .(12 + .02 (•'•) :i:i4 — .50 31 + .03 — .07 «i) 345 — .SO '.'■< + .03 — .32 (*) 350 — .81 22; r .07 + .21 (»*) 12 + .M 40 — . 15 + .23 ('■') It; -f- .48 2rt + .10 + . :i5 (10) 25 -f . 49 no + .25 + .:i5 (11) ;uj + 1.01 40 - .11 — . 10 (12) :w + 1.05 15 — . 01 — .79 (13) 4f. + 1.49 ;!0 1 — .42 — .01 (14) 49 + .7.-< IS + .11 + .10 (15) 5;t + 1.13 + .17 - .24 III. + II + ;o + 4- + i:t + :!9 + 20 + .-1 20 — (IH 1 ((() : — 44 -1 .0-' 7H — 05 — :!0 [53] REPORT OP THE (^HIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX II. 459 The correction + ".10 sin /, in coluinii J P(Uci} — J P, ia the rednction for dilTcr- ence of hititiides of instrnment and rfllectinK surface in re''eetion observations. Tiio weight, -', suiiposes :L V'MO as tlie probable error of tiic unit. By successive trials it was found that, takiuj; s, = i ".-5i the assumed and concluded probaljle errors of unit of weight in 1808 were exactly aiiije; and the latter lor 1807 was i l".07, while from the assninptioii it i hould have been ± l".0(t. The approximation is considered quite suflieient, especially when it is remembered that there is great uncertainty in the appli- cation of the law adopted to represent J /'(Itel)- J /'. We therefore have for any r,iven number (n) of observations the weight " -3 The table gives :— .dOL'.") + : « Values o/r:' icitit arguments t and n. !•; = ± i.no f, ■= ± .'>j n c = ".r.2 ".-A ".CO '.70 ",K) '.!>0 r'.oo 1 xo a. 8 ',>. 4 1.8 1.4 1,1 .9 •2 r,. a 4.8 4.1 ;!. a •->. (i •-'. 1 1.8 :i (i (> (i.ll .-,. ,'■> 4.4 :t. li a. n 4 7.7 7.4 (i. I! :.. 4 I. .'i .i. •' :i.-J f) H.ii 8.;j 7.4 li. -J 5. ;i 1. :> 1!. 8 I'l '.1. :! 9.0 P. 2 (i.y .-.. '.• .-..1 4.4 '.I.D y. (i 8.8 7.5 »;, ,) .-^.i; 4.11 8 10. 4 10.1 !).:t 8.1 7.1) li. 1 r>. :! ■t 10. rt 10..-) !l.8 H. t) t . •) II. li ,■), 8 10 II.-.' 10.11 10. a !). 7.11 7.0 l.'i 1-'. 1 Vl.-i. 11.7 10. r, 11. .-) ".li 7,7 '20 \:\.-i lli.O 1-J.4 11.. '> lO.li 11.7 ■^.9 '& i:i.t; 14.0 i;i.;) IXIt i:!.4 li. -i, II. 1 II. '.1 10, ll 0.8 ,'10 ;(.-. 14.2 11. 1 i:!.7 i:l. 1 40 14.4 14.7 14. :i 14. li 11. 14. ;t i;i.4 i;!.8 1 These can easily be .'onvertcd into any other scale who.se standard probable error is c, by means of the factor ii. The value of t is ibnnd on p. 40. The weight -' =:!!.. The diiferenco is mainly the efieet of the ( orrection — ".'31 to rerluce systcmatiually to zenitii points derived from eollimators. In the first solution the small value of JZ shows that the zenitli jjnints thus derived are ])raetieally free from eotistaiit error. Wiiile the nuiiihers in eolumn I. do not slio^v that afjreeinent of fact with hypoth- esis, whicli is desirable, they oufjht to Jiave some i)reference over tho.se of eolnuin Jl., espeeially when we consider that the nninner of nsinji tlu' correclioiis J // and JZ", is at least iiijthly questioinible on a jn-iori j<;ixmm\s. It nuiy be noted that of the eight couipariisons making up line (7), we have: — St.irs. 1 „ \M'{R,-f.)-M>, '■ otc. I. i Ist J 1 o 310 - U\ 1 111 1 -f- 1..'! Whatever the source of these anomalies it is undoubtedly cpiile irregular in its action, and is snn;j;ested wii h some probubilily by I'aye's hy|)otliesisi as to cohimns of heated air in liie observing-room, whidi may principally or .'^olely all'ect observations by rellection. Exi)tanation of column III. will follow later, ((!. "i"). We hiivo a similar table for ISdS: — No. Mean 7. ^ (Ifi) :!0s (17) 311! (IW) 333 (tO) 3-J.s C^O) 3;!.-> (at) 34,-. CJ-i) 3,M (a:<) 11 (t>!) IS (i'.) •-'I '•JO) 'J-( (•■i'M :(;! ;t>.) (yj) 4;^ A/'(K<'t.) — .n' + .1(1 sin Z I —1.03 — 1.7.-. —1. 10 -I. II — l.:«i -f .'jy — .r.i I Id + . ,'.t 14 2(1 13 yn at u III. + + + + • II „ i.m — .6'.> _ .46 .S3 — . (ill — .41 ..«! — .34 — .01 .4J 4- .411 + , t t 1 . ill + . (II ■. + .4;t .11 .Hi + .;t7 .43 + .Vi + .(ii ,74 ^ .97 .71 . Ha .•ii — ..-iT .s- + .111 — .'Jl .(•3 -f .1-1 — .13 .47 + .r.rt -t- . 3,-. . (Hi + .0!i .10 .34 .43 .55 ' r. %\x, Int. Wa.sh. \»t. Ol.s., lHi7. I rnve, ' >myi ((■« lllHllW, XXI. [Or.j JtEl'OUT 0[' TUK VmV.V A.STi:ON<).Ml-:it, Al'PKNDKV 11. 401 Tho esi>liUi;UioiiH iiiidcr ISiiT ujiply. \\'o lmv« for I.: — J ;? = -".;!:) .fc ".(KW F - + ".00 i ".070 For 11: J /' .-.-: - ",0l> iiiHl J i^" =1= - ".OL'. TliL'ilifli'riMic'i'betwc'ew Ihcsc iiinubi'rsaiKl ilio.sc (U'(lu(:i'ill)y Nuwc-mib,* JZ -.t — ".TSainl J 7," — — '.10. ihi probably iliu! to the chiiiifjcs in some ot the zeiiitli poiiit.s (si'n p. 47,) iiml in llic cliiiiit'i'saMd ;nl(lifiiiiis i)'()(hui'il by crrtiln. Tliino is ai)iiarriilly not miicli to hail, Uioiclorc, proceed on the liypothe>is tli.u a portion of the discordiineo in (jiiostion is due to atnios|)lierie, or cuuse.s other than Uexure depending o;i .sin/. Furthermore, the method of obtaining vaUse of 1' liy couipari.son of direct and rellected (>bservations of Z will be con.sidered asof eipial weight witli the method nhich employs (ipposin;; eoMiinators. If we take thi' iiieafi Ity weifilit.s of the f'o valiK-.H of F, dedaied lioui observations of 1,S(I7 and IKtitS, we. have +".00, which fc'ive.s as the mean liy the two methods :— F ■= + ":.;:. The observations of l.sti!) are too few to alien d a practical contribution to tliis result, and tiiose of IsOO nere detliieed witli a dillerent (Mrele. By compari.son of J J' >>>i — J.Z' 07 we shall have an excellent determinalion (>f the (inantities /' (or entire cosine tlexnre) and J ZOS— J Z07. To obtain mosr probable values of F, /•'',_! ZCil and J /OS, it will be best to comprise in one set of condiliona! equations all deteraiinations which contribute to a know letl^'e of eithev of the required quar.tities, so thai each m ly exevt i(: proper iulluence upon all others. Ivaeli compar isoii Ji'(i,S^ J /'07 tnrnishes an e(piation of the form J /07 — J /OS + i' F'cos / = J J'03 — J 7'(i7, lov d reet observatioi s, ami J /(h — J /fJS + _' /'"'ccs /-= — J 7'OS -(- J i'()7 for relit .^ted ob.servalions. The lesults ot lSt;7 and IHOS furnish :.:171 such equa- tions of the total wei{.';ht 908. Arranginj; them in liie order of zenith distance in zones about 50 in width, we have ;<.S means or {jroups: — ' i. ;•' * 18GS-1S07. No. M.Niii /| 111 -i/'(i7(i;.'f.) — .i/^t)S(Kel'.) •i'M Mm Ml Mii ::tr, •m — . -w — . o? — .Ml — . :!:t — . .-'(• — .00 — . .')() Ill + .19 III It + it .43 •■l-i + .17 •w + . -,>!) •}it .04 + .S4 :iii + .w-i ;!i 00 19 — .08 10 _ .(59 li> + .1.- y.' — .:!l •j;j — .a» •p. XX, Int. WiLsli. A»(. Oils., l-i;-. t Tlie (;J « Cs^llfi, 8. 1'., u»r Kjeotwl uu »f Miiivl! wi'jjfht. li U f i . ^ i'i 402 UNITKI) STATES NOUTIIKKN liOUNDAKY COJI.MIHSION. |50J 18G.S-W67— Contiimi'il. n^i N... Mian '/. (43) .. ();!) II (.11) 17 (•tr,) •,>1 (411) •..'4 (47) •J'.l (4H) lilt (4!') 411 (-,(1) 47 (M) r.:| (r,.o :.y (.-.:!) 111 (.-.4) t;o (r.r.) •jti (.-ai) aj4 (r.7) i.'l7 (.-■K) a 10 (.7.1) •jic. (Cd) 111,-. (Ul) 1-0 ('i-') 1(W (till) 1111 (114) 1 .'l.'l (11"') MS (•111) 140 ((w) i:!J A/MW — AP 07 1)1 j/'(i7(i;rr.i rr' III . -Ji/Ml::^ W.I.) II / — . c(i 'JO + .10 — 1.17 40 + . 4-' - . -:i 14 + .11 — .''() U(l + . 17 — .71 &'i + .04 ' — . ."'.1 00 + .20 1 — . \i <■.> .1(1 1 — .00 4:! .44 — .M li.'i + .02 — .r..-i 21 + .24 + .riH •i-.i — .7!) - . o.-> 1(1 — .(W + .\n 7 — .no + . (10 + .44 + .<>! :i + 1 .17 + 1.41 H — .12 + l.H-> 14 — .4(i + l.:'l 17 + .10 + l.(!:i 10 .15 + 1.-J1 1-.' + .21) -r ' l:! i:! + .:i(l + ..w. 1-' + .24 + Mil 20 + . (H + I.fO 'il Mi + I. 10 li + .15 + l.-Jl i;i .07 Finullj' we have I'nmi oiiposiii;; colliiiiiitois: — F r' " (08) +".0(i OL'O +.■«; where -' is determini'd a pontcriini in such a iiianiier thiit it .sliall he eijiiiil lo oiiehalf the wcifiht of F in the solmioii of iioiiiial eiioatioii.s. IJeprcsentiiii; In — n, lor rouvi-iiieiii c, the miiiiln'is in tiiinl eohiiuii (in thi' three tables), we have the forms: — (ISfiT) \-^JZr,l + 2 F si;; / + h = j v/-' (1S08) { 1* J Z (is + 2 F sill / 4- « =:: i -/-' ( 18GS-] 8ft7) S J Z 67 - J if OK + :.' F' sin /+« = (» j v'"' j/-'— ".(Mi = (ii v'Oi.'O The Hohitioii of iiiimerieal e(|uatioii.s foroiei! in accDrdaiicc with I he almve, h'ails to thc^e normal eiiniitioiis. // i;.j,')L'.() J Z 07 — !ios.(» jZ(i8+ !i(»4.(i /'' + KHt.o /■+ r).7I=0 — '.t(»8.0 4- 17.">(i.(' - !H>4.(i + !ll._' + ;)l.r»!l-^(» 4- The sohitioii };ives,— JZ 07 = 4- ".*-4 JZ(!8= - ".L'llO 4 .(1.(0 /•■' =-"..".71 j ".0:i4 /' = + ",;!si I L ".(*«»| F= J 1".07 IfKI'OllT OF TllK (illlKF ASTHONOMICIt, AI'l'HNDIX IJ. 403 It is liiinlly iit'ct's.sarv Id rciiiiiriv tliiil t\w probulilc vrvw as ii|i|ili('(l to /'' lius no sijjiiiliciiMcc ; i)iit if we iuliiiit tliiit the aiioiuiiloiis coiiditioiis iiHV'ctm;; J /'(Itcf) — J /* acted witli tolciiiblc iiiiiroiinily in ISOT and ISOS, tiicii thf prohabli' I'iror of tin- value of P is (jnito real. Tlic value ol' JJ is uiiliivonibly inlliieiiced Ity the introduction of e(|nati(>n (OS). IJsin;; (as in other cases) tlio separate residuals making ni> ^roii|)i-* (.'{l>) to (.>!) inclusive, \vc liavo anil I'toni yr()Ui)s (/),")) to ((!7) ineln-;ive 7;= J: 1".().!1. Tlio agreetnout of J'J with assumed value is all that could be desired. The numbers in colmnn Jll.aro the resitbials arisin;^ from the adoi)ti(tn of the above values in the individual ciiuations. J''roni groups (.1(1) to ((i7) there are no evidences of largo outstanding errors of a .'^ystennitic nature ; nor, with one or two exceptions, of residuals larger than should be expected from the wt'ights. Small errors in the division corri'ctiou doubtless exist, and it is to me matter of sniprise that these groups are so well represented by the simple* law assumed. So much cannot be .said of the first L".) groups. The outstanding residuals in column III. may be attributed to atmospheric disturbances, to error in assumed value of F, and to other possible causes, who.se existem-e is not clearly dclined. It will be assumed that the. diliiiti7 and ISdS. Assuming the correctness of /•', the value of J Z (lit will be deduced from the cdMipaiison of direcl and rellecteii ob.servations of ISd!*, given on p. xxiii, Int. Wash. .Vst. Obs, Ileveising thi' signs in cobinin "D— i; ", correcting by — .()lsin Z, and taking one-half the mean by weights of the outstanding residuals, we ha\e ; — JZV,'. =: 4- ".'ft :lr ".0(!. The circ'le was sliil'ied at th(> hcginning of the year .'50' relatively to the telescope. In computing liexiire, no account was taken of this ciicnmstance. The observations >if bSli,") aUord no opportunity lor independent determination ol ilie cosim* flexuic. of the circle used . J Z W> and the sine Uexnre (F) were louml l>.\ I'rol'essor Newcoml) tiom comparison of direct and rellected observation*.* The values were — JZtiO^:: -".72 FiHi -- -",7.S The result of the liivesligation for FCM in the volume for l«(i5 is — I".IL'; and thiswa* ado|)ted in the reductions, I hav<" adopted the mean of the two results The nn'an by weights of J /' «i7 and J /' li.S corrected for J /, /•' and /■'' was thr« taken • IiitrcMi«t' WasliiiiKtim iVsU'onomirui Obai'iviiiioiis On l-ii(l, \i \i. win. / HI "i W Jill ^ll ( I I 1 ii .!:i i ; il ■ ! «; I ; '^llif! >il 1 i E; S* - i ' i i 1 m 464 UNITED HTATES NOUTIJEHN liOUNDAKY COMMISSION. 581 aa staiuliud, with wliicli J P OO, corrected by — ".72 — ".95 niii Z was couiptutd. Arrnnp;ed in convenient groups tlio results are tliese : — Group. Mean Z A /'I J]^|(coni'el.') xii — .25 :i5 + .11 («) (7) :iiu — .02 50 — .10 a — . 25 07 + .i;< (^•') i;i + .03 112 — .14 ('■') •a — .(« ir.o — .00 (10} a-2 + .01 101) - . 12 (11) 4» — .:tr. 150 + .25 (12) 55 — .37 02 + .28 (i:!) G5 — .;!8 42 + .21) (14) yas . . o*J 21 + .20 h',) ai4 + ; 10 ;i7 — .20 (l(i) aoo + . 15 og — .10 (17) VJi + .10 Im) — .10 (18) 105 - .37 ;!0 + .37 (I'J) 153 + .20 :n — .21 (20) 140 .00 14 — .01 (ai) l\i-i — . 02 22 00 Tlio results from (14) to (21) are Iroiii retlectioii oh.servatioiis. Tli(( numbers in tliird colnniu are too small and too irrcfjular to exhibit any decided prel'erenee for a fjiven law. It will be assumed that the above value of A ZiW ie(]uires correction, and that a term should be introduced for cosine flexure. I have found : — — ".00 [ ± .01] — ".0() f i .01] cos %. The residuals in the last column are, on the whole, very satisfactory. Those in (11), (12), and (l.'i). however, show a slifiht tendency to deviation from the assumed law. We have arrived at the following corrections to J P, which are adojjted. // // // 1800. - .78 — .93 sin Z — .00 cos Z for— , ivo , o^ • 17 rt r, , Urrecular correction for error of zenith) 180(. +.0^ + .38sinZ-.5■) fc ! ! ' 1 1 m The results of all the years combined in one set of equations, and arranged in con- venient groups following the order of jiolar distance, are these : Ko. -■ Calc- -oils. stars' iiaiiip, or miiii- bi'i" of stars. (1) 2 Ad — 1 i:u ■+ . 11!) = 11 .07 / ITrsiu Xliiioris. (•-') 9 — M:j + .CO 2'J — . k; (T I'rsn' .Miniiris. (:?) o — Ill 4 .<-> 1". — .01 r,l(ll) Ci'plifi. ('!) o — Ill +l.("J 22 4 .;!;! r5 L'rsn- Mliioris. (i') 2 — ino +t.i'8 10 + , ;i2 :i (fi) 2 - \m + . (7) 2 -171 + .,-.-. :il -h .0!) 7 (f^) 2 — l-.-i + ./H i:i + .01 3 (9) 2 — 2W -f- • •!" 21 — .17 4 (10) 2 - 210 + .~-> H — . 0.') U (11) 2 — 2jr + . sn ir. + .14 4 (I-.') 2 — 2:!i; + . 11.-. r, + . IS 1 (Hi) 2 — 2.-,i) +i.-.':t 4 H- .4.'-. 2 (14) 2 — 3:i0 + .ed 4 + .01) 1 The coeCflcients of 7.- are taken at their mean values for the mean temperature at Wa.shington, those from (11) to (14) excepted, which are for lower culmination taken from the detailed observations. From the above equations result — Jc- = '.;}09 -i: ".10,-. ; or - ".3S + 8C".9 Ic l< ; ill i.!l| I; = + .OOOU i .00119 {Bessel's refractions j X .09980 = \Yashington. The probable error of /.: is thus nearly 10 times the quantity itself, and as tho change in refraction would be practically insignifleant, no use is made of it. The probable error of J y is with respect to the uncertainty of k. A.ssuming /.• to be with- out error the probable error of J c becomes ± ".03. To get the deviations from J

    75°, tbo results of separate years, for latitude are: 18(Ui - .1(1 -L- .08 1807 — :m .\: .(HI 1808 - . k; j- .(»(( 18(!» -.•-'-' 1: .lli Mean by \vei<; hts — .;!7 The differences are not inncli {,'n^'"tfr "'i'" tlu? probable errors would lead us to expect, especially when wo consider the uncertiiinty of J Z fc.r each year. The adopted latitude, 3S° oo' ;i8". l.'J, is more than «".8 less tlian that found in 1845,» with the mural circle, and ".35 les.s than llie result with the same instrumi'iit in 18Cl-L'-3-i.f Tlie difference between the earliest and latest determimition is appar- ently greater than the .sum of any probable iiislniinental errors in the two series. If the lle.\nre from opposing; collimators had been adopted, tlie seconds of latitude would have been .'JS",0(5 very nearly. If, on tlie otiier hand, we take the results of comparison of Me OS with Wn 08, and sujjpose, accordingly, (hat the refractions of the latter oufjht to be midtiplied by .0953 the seconds of latitude are .'is". 83; leaving a dill'erence not accounted for of ".42; and this, too, uniler the extreme supposition that the retractions of 1845 are correct, while tin same refractions for 1808 need to be multiplied by .0953. Combining with table {A) the coirec^tioii + ".37, for — J sZ> already determined, we arrive at the following definitive correction to /' and J P; {B) 186C 18C7 1808 1869 - .41 - .95 sin (312.5 + /') + .45 + .09 sin (252.0 +/')+) — "..'{4 to nadir values of P and J i'. j Irregular corrections for error of + .08 + .CO sin ( 5.2 + P) + | + .81 + .CO sin (252.0 + P) zenith points. See j). 47. Column (P) of the subjoined table is constructed fiom these. In column "Final" are (bund the systematic corrections necessary to reduce the North Polar Distances, after they are first corrected for division i-rror and error of certain zenith points, to the Nor- mal System of this paper. It is formed by subtracting from (B) the declination cor- rection of Wn 08, taken from Table IX. "Appendix to WashiuBton Astronoiiiieiil Observations for 184.">. t Appendix to Wnsliiiiglon Astronnajioal 01)3ervatioDS for 1804. ■mp"i^^"**«B«*<" |(U1 liKPOIlT or THE CIUHF ASTUUNOMKU, Al'PKNDIX II. 4(57 Wn GO- ll'/t 0!). Tdbk of cornctiniiH to I'ohir JHslaitcrs l»j ilircct olmrniliov* !t! ' 18C(1. 181 I > IHI .j^ 1811!). /' (/'■) Final. (/') linal. (/'■) liiiiil. (/.•) riiiiii. n;i.-. II + .no // + .70 — .().-. + . 1.-. II H- .11.-. + .:;(i + .ni iiiii + .'17 + .ly — .(Ill + .(111 — .Ill + .11.-. + .•-(! + .•)! ;t.l.''i + .■!:! + .w.\ — .Ill — .(1!) — .Ill -1- .III! H- .'.'11 -1- .:::! :i,'>o + . IHI + .:!l + .'JO + .17 + ..11 - .1(1 - .11 -h .(li + .117 + .-jii + .•'■' \\:<'\ + .:!!•) - .H - .Ill + ..M + .11) + . 17 + . Ill :!(;() + .•■>'.) — .'Jil — .till + .11 + -It + .1.-. + .ir. 5 + .yi - .yi — .'.';! + .'JO + .H + . 14 -1- . 1',' lit + .i-i — .'.':! — .i-H 4 .■-'11 + .'il + .111 + .(H l.'i + .111 + .(i;i - . n 1 (II, — .',';i — .111! + .:w + .--> -\- . v. + .d.' uo — .i-j — .'iW — .:iH + .117 + .y-j + A-l — .(« 12.') - .'ji — .y:i — .Ill -1- .-lit + .yit -- .11! — .('7 :)0 — A'i — .;iH ^ .^o — .1-1 -1- .4M + .'J-J + . 14 : — . \i ;i,'. — .--'0 _ _ r^'t — !'jo -,o + ..VJ + .yii -1- . iri - . 17 40 — .'.'I - ; \\\ — .H — !r.4 + ..^7 + .--'1 + . 17 : — . 1!) ■ir> — .:i7 — . Ill .".■■, -1- .111 + .'jj + .--(1 - .11) ,MI — .4.'. — "h? - .l:i — . '.:■> -!- .(11 -t- .-a 4- .aj — .•■JII TiTi - . r.;t — .!H — .Ill) . .' 1 + .<■•< + .-jii + .yr. — .111 (ill — .IW — I.ll'.l — .11.') — fi'' + .711 + .•.':i + . Ill) — . 17 Ci.'i — .711 --l.'JII — .Ill - .".M -t- .71! + .•r.\ + .114 ' — .1(1 Til — .'77 — i.;!i> + .(Ki — .'>!' + . 74 + .-iV + .:iii -.11 *.'■ — .H.') — 1.1(1 ^- .(H . 17 -f- .711 + .'Ji +.41 -.11 Ml — .02 — 1 . 1'.i + .11 — .1:1 + .711 + . Ill + ..111 — .(w Ki — .1.1!) — 1..-|7 + . 1!) — . li'.l + .77 + . 11) 4- ..".'i — .1111 '.III — l.d.'i — 1.(11 + .'J.'. — .Ill + .7(1 + . 1'.) 4- .(111 4 -111 '.1.') — 1.11 —1.711 + .:iii — .-i!) -1- .711 + . 11) ^. .(ill -f- .117 IIKI -i.ir. + .".11 — .--'1 + .71 + .11 -(- . 7-J 4 . \i l(ir> — i.'ji — lif'l + .'\i — .'-'l + .7-2 + .(11) + .7H 4- .!.'■> 111) —1. •,>.'. —1 . '.!.-> + ..n — *X'l + .711 (111 4 . ^ t 4- • 1 1 ll.'i — 1.-2'.) —'J. nil + .r,i — . -ill + .117 - .Ki 4- .!'(i , + . til ICil -i.:i-.' .1^ .J.*, + .(1(1 — .IM + .111 — . '-ill 4 .'.111 ' -1- .I'l! 1-^-. — i.;u —•i 41! H- .(111 — . ):! + .(111 — . r.i -1-1. Ml — ■ .IH • .\ncxi)Iiinal 1(111 of tlic (liH'crc'iioi. bi'twcoii tlu! corn'siiDiullii^; iiiiiiilii'iH I'diilaiiu'il in coliiniiis "(1!)" anil '■Final" is sii^^iiMti'il in the eo uiiaiison of Wasliington unil Mcllionnie imlar (llntaijcee. (f«i'e pp. CG to 08.) %' ^ ^, .^a ^ ^ *>*>, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) A :/. 1.0 iP^ 1^ ^^S lit K£ 12.2 I" Hi ™" 1.25 |||.4 1.6 < 6" ► ^ '/ w / Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 Wist MA:^ >TRIIT WUSTH.N.Y. 14S80 (716)S72-4S03 ^ ^ **>^ :^>^ ''^' k 468 UNITED STATES NORTHEKN BOUNDABY COMMISSION. [621 With tho corrections in column (B), and tbe table of weigbts, on p. 53 tbo follow- ing catalogue is constructed, wbicb appears to n>quiro no explanation, except tbnt tbo deliuitive declinations converted Irom N. P. D. are first given, followed by their respective weights ; and after these tho seconds of declination converted in like man- ner for separate years : TV» C8 Catalogue. Star's name. (I IfiCS.O. a AndromediB y Pep;a8i a CamiopeiB /3 Cell tf I CasBiopoiB 31 Cassiopro), S. P ... f Pianiiini V PiBciam a Ui>a> Minoris a Uisos Minoris S. P. « Ceti A CaHsiopea; as 21 14 WU r>& 48 18 4-i 74 15 41.:!0 &7.84 4r>. 0!) 4'.>. 44 57. &1 7 10 80 :I4 88 -M 42. 73 08. 1)4 20.33 + 7 Piscinm PiHciiim Ariel i« 50 CasBiopriD i -j- 50 CamiopeiB, 8. P j 1 Arietis + f Cell : -f J Ca»giopi's j -- 8 51 09 35 14 3!) 8 29 20 09 71 40 55.48 02. 07 51.18 31.44 41.09 49. 78 Cuti Pffsui . Cell... Cephri(48H) Ccpbfi (48 li.) 8. P. Arielis Persei PerM'i Ttturl Persei Eridanl Taurl . Taiirl 22 .'•0 8 13 iKi 48 2 40 52 13 3 34 12. 29 3.1. 38 22. 85 39. 92 12. 48 12. 14 + 77 14 42.20 n Tanri a C'aoivlopardalis I Anri);iD II Orionis a AuilciB Orionia P Tuuri Groonibriilge 90(i Grooiiibriilgo90U, 8 P i Orionia a Lciioria t Orionia... a ColniiibiD. I a Orionia... 20 33 49 23 47 21 23 41 31 29 13 r)3 15 18 18 53 10 14 til', nii 32 57 15 13 45 51 8 21 28 29 74 50 11.28 18. 20 43. 94 39. 92 19. 1(1 10. 10 22. 20 0.'>. 09 28. 12 49. 30 13.72 02. 29 3li. 35 23. 54 33. 98 58. 71 23 17 r.5 .r8. 43 0.». 93 — 1 17 20. 18 — 34 U8 47. .')8 -f 7 22 4ti. 37 44 45 23 34 38 35 7 112 47 32 17 31 3 38 41 27 24 8 30 18 25 30 32 4.-. 19 31! 2li Hi :t5 44 5 1800. . 9 42.1 57.0 58.3 43.0 20. 7 •<0.4 .55. 51.3 32. 3 41.4 50. 48.0 12.5 33. 9 2J.4 40.0 12.7 41.8 42. 8 II. G 18.5 34 2 36 8 42 40.1 18.8 10. r, 21.8 05.7 28.1 49. 4 1.1.8 02. 9 :u>. 5 23.4 34.2 58.0 19.7 47.8 40.0 41.4 58.0 45.0 42.2 r>0.2 .57.3 42.0 08.9 20.2 80.3 55.4 10 1808. 50.7 30. U 40.3 49. 1 49.9 12.1 33. 3 22. 2 40.1 12.5 12.2 42. 5 42. 1 7 11.0 10 18.4 7 40.1 17.9 10.3 22.1 05.7 13 28. 2 7 I 49.0 9 I It. 8 9 1 02.0 4 ! 3li.0 13 I 23. 8 13 34.0 58.0 11 .1 1 T' 1 809. 80.3 11 46.3 13 41.7 50. 9 45. 6 43.1 57.5 .57. 1 42.4 20.2 20. 2 5.5.4 02.1 51.3 31.2 41.2 51.0 49.4 12.1 33. 3 22. (i 39.9 12.2 42. 5 41.5 11.3 17. 5 43. 3 39.9 'iO.4 09.6 22. 5 05.9 28.4 49. 4 14.1 01.0 3,-). 8 22.9 :!;i. 9 .57.7 00. 3 58.3 20.4 48.0 40. U 7 6 7 5 6 9 7 7 7 13 10 5 8 5 7 11 3 2 7 40.7 .57. 9 44.6 42.9 58.1 19.9 20.7 .52. 31 5 42.0 49. 5 49. 5 12. 5 33. 23. 38.8 10. 5 43.5 11.3 17.0 40.0 39.1 09.1 23. 7 05. 4 27.7 49. 5 13.0 0.1.0 :t8.3 24.4 3;'.. 7 .59. 09. 9 '.'0. 1 47.0 45.0 T- I 103] REPORT OF TDE CDIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX D. 469 Wn 08 Catalogue — Continued. Star's nniue. CnpirlnpanlalU (33 II) .. Oi-iiiinorum Qeminonim Copliei(&l 11) Cpliei (r.lH.)S.P Ciiiiis Mujuris CuiiIh MnjorU QHUiiuoruoi i 1I-08.0. + C9 -Jl 38. 95 + ay ;i4 4i.«;» -I- i(! :m :». at + 87 u as. eu — as 47 4(1. Kt — a(> 11 OH. 4-2 — 10 4(i 30. 87 A Oominornm I + 32 l:l80.f>a Pi. VII 07 -H OH 4:1 iO.'Ji a* Qoriiiiioriim j -f ^a 10 i.'().41 ;i Ouuiiiiuriiiu +aH'.0:)a.07 ^ Qviiiiunriim ] + 37 (Mi 1(1. 71 Ursm Majoris(a 11) I + uH :a :!0. 47 15 Aruiiii [ — a:i .Vi 33.88 e llyilriB 1+ Of)! 0X44 1 lli'KiD Majoris + 48 :<:i 37.00 o« Ui-810 Majoris I + 07 40 03.77 K Cancri " Lyncis nracoDi8(l II) l)ru<'onm(lII.)S.P. a Hyilrio S4 UiRiD Majoris VncB Majoris e Lcuiiis It i^eonis a LkouIs 33 Urso) Majoris 11 11 34 :>('> 81 54 50.00 :,:<. 34 30. 1; f Lconis + niaconis(9 1I) , + Draconis (9 H.) 8. P ! .. LcniitH + Lcoiiis j 4- IJrsuj Majoris [ + IJrwo Majoris -j- Lfoiiis ' -j- C'rutcris — Kroiiis < -f- DruuHiiB -f Lponis — Umui Majoris Lconis Urso! Majoris VirjjiiiiM Draconis (4 II) l)ruvi>iiiB(4II.)S.P VirgiDis + ('orvi — Draoonis + 8 05 70 34 fia 10 31 33 3(i 37 12 3C 05 45 30 30 70 33 17.00 37. OJ 3li. 90 49. 3rt 37. 43 39. 55 54.91 38. or. 39. 48 IflOG. 1867. 1868. 1860. 9 59 U 14 r)7 0.'. 03 37 31 14 14 113 3 31 70 03 O.'i 48 31 15 18 54 •.i5 9 37 78 30 04. 99 31.03 30. :«i 4t>. 33 4('.. 01 53. 33 .^7. 95 33. 15 43. no 39. 10 34.73 43. H7 57. 93 69.70 Canirlo|iaT()uli8(33 II) Catuulopardalis (33 II.) 8. P. a Caniim Vonaticorum . Vir({inis + 04 33 39 70 30 84 07 00. 19 ■59. 00 .58. 53 60. 03 + 39 01 54. 03 — 4 50 01. 45 33 41.7 33. 7 39. 38.8 40. 3 15 07. 8 3 30. 9 43 8 41 48 35 3 30 39 33 31 37 8 SO 30.7 39 3 5 30 33 45 10 43 33 35 30 5 .30 41 39 31 38 34 3 44 31 35 37 30 33 14 27 40 34 8S.9 31.9 10.4 33.9 03. 3 37.7 03.8 60.0 17.2 49.4 38. 3 39.7 29. 1 39.1 05.1 34.1 4.5. 1 40.8 !>3. 3 n. 5 M. 44.5 •S'i'Y 43. 8 58. 59.7 (10. 3 69. 69.7 68.7 ..l.U y 41.0 :«. 3 38.5 29.4 I 40.3 39.7 54.1 01.3 10 20.4 61.4 29.7 :i3.3 10.2 33.4 03.7 28.1 03.9 50.9 5,5. 3 19. 6 19.0 16.6 37.0 49.3 37.4 39.0 88.2 29. 4 29.8 05. 3:1.4 20.4 40.1 40.4 63.4 68.3 33.3 43.3 3H.1 34.8 43 5 67.0 69. 4 69.8 00.3 59. 58.3 49.4 64.0 01.8 41.6 33.0 39.4 28.5 41.2 08.9 80.2 49. 8 29.4 32.8 17.3 31.5 0:1.5 27.4 03.6 60.7 81.8 80.3 17.4 27.6 48.4 38.0 39.1 55.0 88.5 89.9 89.3 0.5. 3 34.0 47.1 47.0 63. 3 .59. 5 34.0 43.5 34.7 43.6 .^>8. 4 69.9 50.1 01.4 59. 4 68.8 60. 5 40.6 6.3.8 01.3 38.8 41.0 38.7 28.4 40.' 7 09.3 6 4 II 7 "a 1 21.1 "ao.e" :(3.o 17.0 30.5 33.3 03.3 87.4 03.0 10 "h 10 2 II 6 60. I 10 17.3 49.8 36.6 39.7 54.8 28.9 89.3 Oi.'i 34.0 46.0 46.3 64.8 67.5 38.7 43.3 34.8 42.7 67.8 60.7 oo.'a" 59. 9 68.7 49.9 64.0 01.3 9 10 10 6 10 "T 8 1' f ,' I 'I I •' f 'ft 470 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. [Olj ir» OS Catalogue— Contiv ed. Star's name. fl.77 + 27 37 .'^.ri.a4 - 15 29 29.70 + 38 21 aa.9t.i + 74 41 41.58 8 45 38 7 48 '55.':V 29.8 49.4 40.8 11 8 5 .55.7 29.6 10 8 M.6 29.8 9 8 B.A,C.4tt97 /3 Un>ro Minoris 41.8 41.7 7 * 41.4 8 Ursus MiDoriH, 8. P ' lJ"«ti8 \}/^- /? Ikmtis (01.72) + 41 .50 09. U2 + 4(1 -A 44. 85 — 8 .-.3 :i8. 79 + :t7 50 a9. :«i + 72 18 13.48 (•'■>) 8 24 40 34 22 38.' 3 29.2 14.8 12' 10 6 4.5.2 ;i8.3 29.4 13.6 12.2 37.9 7 8 7 6 2 9 41.1 38.7 28.8 11.7 7 8 6 3 y^ Ur>a) Minorm >« L'l>iO Minoris, S,P + 27 09 37. 30 + 43 ;io ao. 97 + 40 47 04.51 + 26 42 54. 00 + ,50 33. 37 + 4 .52 30. 73 + 78 11 57.04 40 7 7 5 43 35 27 37.5 14 :Ui.9 21.0 04. 5 54.0 3.3. 5 :io.8 .50.9 14 7 7 5 13 12 5 37.1 9 IJ.A. C. 5157 6 biMitia ...... a Srrpentic 33. 5 30. 5 57. 8 12 9 8 32.8 3(). 9 50.3 57.3 10 8 5 5 33.1 :t6.8 »>. 4 8 C 4 e St'riM'iiiis t* l'r»ffi Minoris g (^otoDiD liorvaliH . . . . ...... + 27 15 41.. 54 — 22 14 37. 14 + .55 07 as. 31 — 19 26 3(».28 + Cn- 09 29.24 — 3 21 08. SO + 19 08 35. 21 + 40 37 44. 02 + 32 :i8 33. 47 — aC 08 11.36 + 01 18 48.77 + 09 03 12.81 — 10 17 .50.81 + 39 10 28.: 4 -f- 9 34 .'.(i. 0(i + 33 45 39. 30 + 82 14 59. 40 4 SO 8 32 3 :t6 7 33 7 32 14 17 30 29 37 9 36 41.5 30.4 4 2 d St'orpii . ... 37.9 ";!i.'2 08.9' 44.1 6 "io" "16' 10 :t7. 1 25. 3 2-. 9 68."5 3.5. 2 44.4 33. 5 11.0 49. 12. 4 50. 9 29. 5 57.0 9 8 11 U 7 10 7 10 8 5 10 It 11 30.2 3 it. A.C.5:U3 ii^ 8cor]>ii 30.7 '68."9' 6 30. 9 29. 2 09. 5 5 3 6 16 ilercutis T Herciil is 43.8 6 43.6 7 a Scorpii ff Draooiiis ..... 11.5 i3."o .50.7 28.8 55.8 10 "4' 10 10 10 11.8 4-. 5 12. 5 ,50. 7 27. 5 ,W. 7 39. 8 6 6 6 9 7 8 4 11.0 4 13. 3 51.2 28.1 5.5. 5 40. 5 69.2 2 4 2 2 3 f Opbincbi .59.0 u .59. 3 10 .59. 3 .59. E Ur&tD Miuoris. 8. P i ... . . |«r,| UEPORT OP THE CDIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX H. 471 Wn G8——C(ito/o>iPue— Continued. Star's naoio. <) iH(ia.o. n' 186C. 1867. 180H. 18G0. .1 1 IT- A «• « tr' i ir' n.A.C.&Mll + 55 fiO 11.70 4- 14 :i2 :i4.2:i -i- :i7 25 52. 74 + 40 (1(1 Jl.2i — i: t o;i o:i. .52 + 4rt 22 10. Kt + 52 2;l .50. 44 + 12 ;i!t 20.:(0 + (W 40 (17. 42 + 27 47 5H. 50 + 72 12 4:.. 74 + 48 25 51. 15 + 51 :I0 10.41 — :U) 25 21. 12 — 21 05 2.5. (i;l + mi Mi 1.-I.04 — " 2 5.5 fiO./li — « 20 01. 75 + 38 30 41. 05 4- 20 25 18.77 + Xl 12 ;io.(i3 — 2(127 27.07 + 75 l(i :tti.(17 5 .38 7 5 30 7 4 41 23 :i8 15 H 27 2(i 00 ""{rt 3(1 40 7 34 2-2 27 II II 11.7 ;i;».8 .52.7 21.3 03. (i 10. 8 r> 12 7 5 10 7 11 II n> llerculiH f liercullH ■•... 34.1 (I3.'l» 13 'i(V 34.0 3fi.O 4 U.A.C.5874 44 Uitliiuclii 03.7 7 01.5 3 X Ht*rciiUH..i... 50. 4 30. 4 07. 58.8 4.5. 3 4 7 7 .... 28.8 07.0 58.5 13 H 13 20. (> 07.8 .'•>8. 3 40.0 51. 1 10. 4 25."o 10.1 18.7 .50. 1 01.8 43.0 18.8 :». 28.0 3«.« 14 8 12 U H 10 7 14 13 14 7 10 8 8 80.4 6 u Draoonis ,., 58.7 6 tfc* Drocoiiis ..... .............. e IlorciiliH iiVi 20.0 20. 3 IH.H 18,2 51.4 01.5 44.4 8 5 7 14 14 7 10 15 10.7 21.2 20. 18.5 18.0 50. 3 01.0 43. It 4 12 5 11 y^ Kii|;il>u>'>' li' Kiiciltiirii 84.7 18.9 18.5 3 4 10 i Ur8KMiuoris,8.P n StTiHtiitiB ................... I AmiiIIib ..... 08.1 44.2 8 9 n }j\'t8& .............. .1.. .... 30.0 27. H :«i. 3 11 7 8 :«».3 28.1 37.4 3(1 5 7 7 5 r> 39.5 6 HiiKittarii. ...,. W* Draconia TiO Dnu'oniH S P 30.9 07.7 1 2 C Adiiilffi... ................. 4- 13 40 00. (i8 + 32 17 42, 4 1 + 05 45 27. m — 10 11 0(!.82 + (-.7 25 4.5.74 + 73 0(i 34. (ki '""si 7 H 7 2'. 11 dl). 7 y 00.8 42.4 27.7 40.'(V 34. 5 11 7 8 6 5 10. 17 Lvras '45.'2 "¥ d Sa^ittarii 00.8 4.5. 3 3.5.4 7 n 4 47.7 8 T DracouiH ....... ............ :i3.o 8 d AnuiltD ....... + 2 51 13.44 + 34 10 2.5. 30 — 7 10 07.38 + 54 40 54.77 -j- 10 17 3li.2(i 4- « 31 17.88 4- flO .55 5:1. 8 1 4- (•) (U 41.01 4- 8d 51 44.03 '+'"c'r.i'2(V(i7' — 12 .57 (1(1. Ill 4- 77 18 44.85 28 7 80 7 41 13.7 '67.'2' 3(1. 'i 8 "i> ii' 13 13. 5 2.5.4 07. 2 .54. 8 :«!. 3 17. 5 54.1 13 7 10 7 13 13 8 12 13 7 8 11 5 7 10 8 7 11 10 n 13.1 07.' 7 7 •i6- ... .... It. A. 0.0748 37.0 18. 7 ■53. 4 43.8 44. 44.8 2.5. (! 00. 3 44.8 44. 33.2 10 11 9 11 11 8 10 7 3 U a5.2 16.4 7 6 a A(|HiliD e Dracnnia jj Aiiiiiiio 42 1 18.1 14 i 32 44. 4 72 i 41. (i 1 4.5.2 25 1 20,0 33 ! (lfi-0 3 49 :.:m 50.03 47.10 + PJHoiii AuBtralis Pp)(a8i + Anclmmedo) 4- CVjibei -j- PlHciuiu I 4- Piscium I — Cepbei + Cepbei,8.P Oroonibridge 4103. -f Pisciuni 4- 10 Ot* m 30 8 l(i 30 19 14 'M 49 20 07 23 5 39 4 54 70 5^1 34. 33 24. 08 .^3.20 Ui. 74 43. 51 05. 40 22. 58 I4.;i2 39. 27 44. 08 73 40 07 32. 48 DO. 40 1800. 35 27 33 22 7 22 41 20 27 25 SO 30 88 3 30 7 29 17 24 21 43 7 18 28 30 32 7 30 30.5 27.8 02.0 5.1.7 ii.'o' 1.'). 14.4 19.1 30.9 23.2 30.0 51.4 1.5. 4 49.9 34.0 23. 53.0 10.8 43.7 05.2 i3.'9 39. 2 45.3 41.9 50.8 1807. 1808. 37.0 27.3 01.4 53. :i5. 9 41.1 15.0 14.1 lrt.4 41.2 42.2 35.8 22. 5 liO. 2 49.7 34.0 24.1 .52. 5 10. 2 43.4 0.5. 23. 14.0 39. 44.8 44.8 50.1 34.9 27.5 02.2 53. 5 10 12 .11.8 15 1 14.3 10. 3 40.2 40.4 37.0 2:t.5 1^9.0 CO. 7 47.1 47.3 35. 3 24. t: 53.5 17.2 43.1 22.2 14.5 38.5 44.5 44.2 32.4 50.0 1869. 37.2 02.0 53.9 1.5.3 40.3 36.8 50.2 34.' i 44.0 4r.4 The value of " C in "Details of Corrections," etc., is computed from these declina- tions ; and in column " obs." the values of it' are given instead of the number of obser- vations. A comparison of this catalogue with the polar distances of the Melbourne General Catalogue (Me G8) may not be devoid of interest. The mean epochs of observation in each are nearly identical, so that erroneous proper motions will be practically with- out influence in the comparison. In the comparison* by E. J. Stone, of Qreenwich and Melltonrne (to which reference is elsewhere made), the refraction at the latter place la supposed to lie different for equal zenith distances north and south. From circum- polar stars observed at Melbourne, with a correction of + ".15 to bo the computed and {l — k)p the required mean refractions at Washington for a given star, /,' and (! — *') p', the corresponding quantities for the same star at Mel- bourne, and if — n = P (VVn) — P{Me), we shall have from each comparison (ii), t^' being the weight : [p + 72.") k + (/)' + 75.") k' + n = 0\Vr.' The two catalogues furnish 87 such equations which, though separately formed, are combined for convenience of solution in the following groups: licgidnals after 1 iubstUation. 1/ // // w' II + 05Jfc + 538&' -3.31 = 1 -1 .00 72 314 - .90 3 + .51 70 2J4 - .73 4 + .49 83 205 -l.Ol + .13 00 175 -1.02 9 + .03 05 159 -l.CO 5 — .58 100 148 -1.21 8 .21 106 138 - 1. 15 G — .10 100 132 - .98 8 + .01 117 122 - .80 7 + .18 124 115 -1.05 (i — .05 130 107 - .87 G + .15 161 100 -1.13 5 — .06 166 95 - .72 »> + .40 176 91 — 1.00 t> 5 + .15 101 83 -1.29 3. 5 — .08 210 84 -1.47 t» — .14 260 70 -1.79 0. 5 — .29 .,( The solution gives A; = + .004G8 ± .00061 7;' = + .00302 ± .00045 Probable error (when r' = 1) = ± ".41 The refractions at Melbourne are already (as assumed), Bessel's {Tab. Reg.) x .99028. They now become 0.99628 x (1 — .00302), or .99267 X (Bessel's). Those at Washington become .99532 x (Bessel's). Admitting that e, for Melbourne is only ± .20, the probable error of an average single P, (whert it' = 1) for Me 68 is roughly ± ".37. 474 UNITED STATES NORTDEUN BOUNDAKY COMMISSION. m JiulgiiiR fioiii this, the liypotbesis adopted to oxplnhi the ditlereiicc8 \Vn 08 — Me 08 18 nut repugiiiiiit. to the TuctH, espechilly when we lieiir in tniiid thnt tlie Melltouniu circle ha.H reiuniiied in tin invuriubie poHition dnring the perio«l Tor wliich the com- piiri8on holdu good. But, on the utiier hand, thi8 very eircunmtiinee tlirowM » douht npun the whole discussion ; for we can I'orm hut un iui|)ertVct idea of the degree to wliich our work may be ail'ected by errors in adopted division and flexure correction, and by uucuvrected flexure, such as has bctMi suspected in the Cape circle. (Mouth. Not., vol. 33, J). CO.) I have formed the fi)llowiiig table of— ConectionH to jiolar disinncra of W'n (i8 ami Mi; 08. /'. Wu CS. Mo rs. /• Wii 08. Mo 08. I. II. III. IV. «• II. III. IV. r> 10 i.'i 8U 85 :io :i5 40 45 iiO G5 (iU (U> 70 75 fO 85 UO CO — .(Ki — .10 — .14 — .17 — .81 — .a:i — .80 — .yo — .:u — . x\ — .M — .;!8 — .40 — .4;» — .40 — .19 — . 51 — . .Jti 00 — .08 — .05 — .10 — .15 — .80 — .80 — .:t8 — .:«! — .w — .48 — .45 " // o !«) 95 1(10 III.-. 110 115 IviO 185 i:io i:t5 110 145 i.-o l.^5 ICO 105 170 175 — ..•.0 — .(id — .05 — .11 — .79 — .^9 -1.01 -1.87 — .:.9 — .59 — .00 — .0,1 — .70 — .KO — .9:1 — 1.09 „ ! + . 19 ; + . 10 + .W 1 + .IH + .'i-i 1 + .81 + .8:1 + .80 + .84 + .ao + .85 + .:i8 + .87 j + .:to + . y; -L :w .'.'.'.'..'.'.'.'. + .80 + .85 + .8:1 + .81 + . 19 + .10 + .14 + .11 + .(H + .04 .00 + .40 + .34 + .88 . — .80 — .(Hi ++++++ 1 1 1 — .47 + .08 — ..'•.0 ! + .07 — .5:1 j + .11 — ..v> ! +.11 _ .57 1 4- . 10 + .12 + .05 .00 — .59 + .17 + .U) Column I. exhibits the results of the correction ((> + 72") x — .00408 for VVn 08, Column II., for puri>oses of comparison, gives the liiiid corre<;tioii of Wu 08 to Normal Sy.stem. Column III. shows the correction jiisl established for Me 08 by comparison with Washington. For stars of north polar distance less than 127° 50', this corioction is ".27 — .0018/>; for the reraiiinder it i.s, (/> + 75") x .(io;{02. These corrections are applicable to the results as |rinted in the ♦•Geneinl Catalogue." Column IV. gives the adopted correction of Me 08 to Normal System. The agreement between I. and II., as well as between III. and IV., is Buch as to strengthen the belief that a great part of the diflference Wn 08 — Me 08 is duo to error in the adopted refractions at each observatory. Wn 72. The mean corrections to polar distance of American Ephemeri.s, or simply polar distance, with the correction for "Div. Flex., etc.," are taken as |>rint('d from sec- tions entitled " Corrections to the Star Positions of the American Ephemeris," etc., and " Mean Places of Miscellaneous Stars," etc., without change for stars of polar distance less than 40°. From polar distance 50° southward certain correctioDB, which are in- I [W] llKrOIlT OP THE rniEF ASTRONOMER, API'KN'niX II. 475 cliiiU'tl ill the I'odiictioiiH on accoiiiit of iliHrnnlaiico lictArooii (liivet iiikI rcfltH-tcil oI)hiT- vatioim, iin> ivjccted. Tlio I'flV'ct of tliis is to iipi'ly tlio rolloniiif; eonectioiiH to ixilar distauccN, or wliat is the suiiiu tliiiif;, to tbo vorrft-tioii for "Div. Flex, vtc," beforo adding thu latter to tlie |iolar diHtance:— Yinr. (^orn-ctlon. IHTO iH7t-a 1H7;» 1H7I + .111 00 - .4a - .8a Hetwccn tlie limits 50° and 4fio (P. D.) Ilu'.te corrections are interpolated so as to become zero at the northern limit, lly some iiccidi-nt the correction — ".8U for 1874 was uc{;leo. The elfect of this lias been, (jniti^ insignillcant, however, since the preliminary ^4ystcnlalic correutious depend chietly on residuals of stars whose |)olar di.stanee is less than 101.'^. i'roper motion has not been applied in the reductions of " Mi.scellaneous Htars." These. I have corret!ted ac(!ordingly. As the results of separate years so taken exhibit considerable systematic discord- ances, for use in the di.scussion of systematic corrections 1 have ]inrsned a cotir.sw entirely analogous to that explained under Ke UO and 1'2. Following is a list of correc- tions to assumed places, thus resulting: — a Aiiilroiiii-diu . 3 lV«M.si (1 (*;lSf«iii|t('»3 ... 13 «'(ii t I'liii'iiiiii n llirin MiiioiiH tVli tl I'isciiiiii u l'i.s('iiiiii f} Aiii<:iH 50 ('assii)iM IP . . . n Aiii'lis i C'lti.. V Orii a tVli n I'cisci d lVis.i i; Tiiiirl y' r.i'iilaiii e Tuuii a Tiinri II (':iiiii'l(>|iai'di. ( Aiiiiniii * n Aiii'Ikii) /J OriuiiiH — .19 — .411 — .(W — .41 — .4U + .oa — .:ii —1.14 — .Xi — .54 + 1.C0 — .:i4 + .18 — .17 — .34 — .la + 1.41) ■f -li —1.04 — .04 — .:to — .4.". — .:.« — .la + ..^7 /) Tiinii (I Orloiiis II LcjidiU r Oi'ionis II (,'tllllllll>ID..- ■ n Orioiiis 7 (SciiiiiKiriiiii. ■ fi t'i'iiiiiitiniiii. . } (ii'iiiiiioriiiii. ■ t Caiiix .Miijiirm i1 CuiiiH MiiJorU i1 (i('lllill; Aii,'">* r Ilyill'iu ( t'isiu MiiJorlH a- I'iMii Miijinin K Caiicii II lljiliiu f Looiiis 11 liionis II l.lHIIliH j' l.oiiuis I> Li'oiiii) — .ac + .ait — .at + .--'I .':l I.cnllU II I I sill .Miijoris . i1 l.i'iiiiiH r! (rati lis T Ll'lllliS — . la j X Dniciinis — . 41 i /J l.i-oiiiH — ..M n y I'rsii) .MiijdiiH . — . 41 ' o Vir;'iliia -1.11 - .K'. + .04 — .ari -I. 10 - .7a + .40 + 1 ril .41 . r.) . ."(t . IH ."J4 .10 \'ir;;iniH ('(irvi Diaciiiiis . .. Oumiiii Veil. Virgiiiis Vii){iiiiM Viryiiiis I'l^at MajiitiM Itciolis l>iac(iiii» Iliiiilis liiintiH |■|^a) .Miiiiiiis . Hoot IN Lilirai + 1 +■-'. ■f '. + 1^ + (Ml . ao 17 :ii OH a7 a4 rill 40 Dl ro :to 50 .55 . i:i .as . 17 .07 JO .74 , .'ill + i.;i5 + .•-'7 - .07 } I 1 i I '■f, F :llf \ * I } t, 'f ih 476 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. (701 /} ITnuD Mlnoris d UiKitU MbriD ft ltlM>till y* UrKiD MiiiorU.... a Cornnio liorcnlis . a gvriM'iiliM r SfriHintig s UrHO) MiuorlH ... i tjcorpli fj> Sforpii (1 Ojiliiiicbl r lU-rciilii a Sciirpii (7 Uraconlg 17 ITorcnlig K Upbiiiclil a llerculiH 44 Ophiiicbl j} UracoDis a Opliiiielii /i Drni'onis fi HiTciilis ^' Drncoiiis Y DriicoiiiM + .34 + .i:i — .;t4 — .07 — .77 — .19 — .81 — .70 — .4:1 — .88 — .18 — .88 — .r>i — .:!4 — .57 —1.01 + .8:t + .Bl — .78 + .80 H .:u + .7:1 — .04 — .40 — .08 I >> Sastltarii u' 8ii)(ittaiii il ITrMD Minoris . 7 HerpuutU I Lyiu) 13 Ljrin a HuKiltorii. C AqllillD... 4:1 ISiiKittiirii. r Drucoiiis . AqniliD. A)|iiiliD . AqiiiliD . AqiiiliD . Aqiiiln . o' Cftpricornl. K C'i>pliei tr Capricorui. a CyKiii ■ ■■• /t Aqiiarii ... V Cvgui .. ! 01 CvRil •• f C.VBiil .. a Ci'pbi'i . P Aqiioiil. — .51 — .08 + .8H — .58 + .8U — .m — .58 — . 08 — ;l. 88 + .11) + .:n —1.81 + .01) + ..Vt — .Oi — .11 + 1.67 — 1..')5 + .44 — l.l'J + -U + .80 — . 4^^ + .10 + .13 p Ccpbol t IV;{asi /i CuprlcornI a Aqiiarii II Aurigie >! Aqiiarii s IV^asi ( C'lqilii-i i. Aqiiurii 1 I'ikcis Auatralig a IVKnai CVplit-i y Cvjibci + 53 + 81 — 1 05 + :<8 81 + 07 + .18 + .87 — 81 — .88 .88 +1 .:i3 +1 .17 Discussion of 3069 resitlunis of stars most frequently observed in tbe years 187 1-'73 gives for the probable error of pointing: — c = \/.4554 (± .tdlil') +.()415(± .(J070) tau'Z. Tbe valnes tabulated according; to zcuitb distance arc tbese : — z e '/, s Z t u II ,1 . 675 40 .096 60 .763 10 .076 45 .705 (>5 .804 20 .079 50 .717 70 .877 30 .685 55 .735 75 1.08 In the final reductions, separate systematic corrections bavo been deduced for each year. Tbese arc oliowu in Table IX. With these corrections and tbe following system of weights, the definitive values of C„ (vide " Details of Corrections to Assumed Dec- linations") have been computed : — Weights for combination of Wn 70-74. Number of observatioos. Weight. 1 Number of observations. Weight. 1 3 3 4 5 to 7 1 3 2.5 3 4 8 to 11 13 to 16 17 to 87 88 to 51 58, or more 6 6 7 6 9 Hi [71] REPORT OF TUE CHIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX H. 477 SlCCi'ION VI. FinST APrnoXIMATlON TO NORMAL SYSTEM. It will Ih> ussnnieil that tlio ciitaluKnoa to \w imrd in tlio formation of tlio Normal System liiivo recciviMl all tho norrectionN which can bo a|>|ilii>(l Rolcly on the authority of theohaorvationH composing each of them. It will also be taken for granted tliat Iho correctioD furninbed by n given catalogue to the assumed declination is of the form: — J.) + J/.' r - T mo ' where J 3 Is the correction of a for n given epoch, T (T being the mean epoch of each cntalogue), and J^ the correction to the assumed annual variation. This course is only proper when the path of proper motion does not deviate Kcnsibly from tlio arc of n great circle. That there is such deviation in the cases of Sirius and Procyon has been pretty well established by Dr. Auwers and others; but these stars are omitted in our catalogue. It is post^ible that variable ))roper motion may ultimately be funnd in the large majority of cases, but, a few binary systems excepted, the evidence of such variability at present appears to be wanting. If notv no discrepancies of a constan t character were found to exist between the determinations of different observatories, nothini; fu. .her would remain except to deter- mine the relative weights, and by means of conditional equations, derive a correction for each assumed declination. On the other hand, granting the existence of these dif- ferences, wo should be justified in adopting the same course, if the declination of every star in a given catalogue were made with cf|nal weight, and it' each of the stars under consideration had been determined in each of the antliorilics. This, however, is by no means the case, and in order to prevent the undue inilnence of large systematic errors in case of stars for who.so declinations there are lew authorities, it remains to be ascer- tained what corrections of a constant and periodic character can be applied to each catalogue. This can bo accomplished by means cf con)|iarison with standard declina- tions, which are free from any such error. From the nature of the case this standard can never be attained. The best that can bo done is to consider the combined testimony of all independent determinations availablo for the purpose. To take any two determinations as standard, to the exclu- sion of all others, would bo manifestly an error, for it woidd be assuming that the weight of these selected catalogues in comparison with the remainder is as inHnity to zero, while all experience teaches that the best independent determirnitions of declination arc subject to comparatively largo errors. There is, however, great diflerenco in the quality of these so-called independent determinations, which vary from sucli special investigations as those of Kg 21, 1)t -4, Ao 30, and Pa 45, where every precaution has been exercised to remedy flie inevitable defects of instruments by variety in the circumstances of observation, and the utmost skill and rigor in the computations, with determination of the various elements of atmos- pheric refraction, — to those which assume their retractions from alien authority, which are made with non-reversiblo instruments, and with littlo attention to those details of ob- servation and reduction so essential in the delicate problem of measuring absolute decli- nation. It seoms but reasonable to suppose that declinations of the former class are '< ;). ■f !^ 111 •rli i'l [ 478 UNITED STATKS NUKTIIKKN BOIINDAUY COMMISSION. '-'J cntillt')] to inni-li f;ri>iit«>r ronflili'iirc tlinn tlinN«> of llit< liillrr. TliU I liav«> ruilfiivorfil til i'X|ii-fHM tlirotigb tlio lullowiiig H^Hlt-iii of \vci(tlilH lo bti t'liiploji'tl in tlio itrcliiniiiiuy tlixciiNNion: — WviylitH. Anthoritjr. WflKUl. Autborlty. Wvljilil. Aiuborily. WelKlit. KK-Jt 4 Kk4;i 9 (ill r.7 1i (ill 'Ji 1 i:ii 4;i 1 ciilir*! 1 IM'.M Ti (ill 4.'> •J W 11 114 1 A>>'-".> Ti I'u4.-. III 1 (III lit a Mi:ii 1 1 l!i< 45 1 ! l.li 117 H ('(ill:u • 1 Wii 47 1 MctW a (v:ii ? 1 (,'.• 4M 1 Wii IW :< i;h ;i7 1 1 (ihr.i 1 KollH 'i K«3i V! 1 Vh r.;i :i (ill TO a (III :iu «l 8(1 Ki 1 vvii n I CV 40 1 \Vu M 1 For tlic piirposo propoHcil in this orction, trciclit zero Wiis nKRif;iic«l to nil ntlicr cntnlognoH. A fow aro oxcluilcti on tlio proiiml that. iiltlioiit;li iiiilt-pciHli'tit, tlicir wi'ifrht ia .so sitiiill tliiit tlicy wimUl incroly rnciinilirr tli«> riiaipntiitioii with usi-Ii-xn inatorial. Tlu>ac wpi};htH aro not those which iniitht himmii to lie ri'tiiiircil l),v coinparisoiiM with an approxiniati> in«>:iii system, but are deriveil t'riiin an !nilepeii>|i'ii( hIikI.v ofeaeh cat- alon, founded on a series of observations for declination, will bo regarded as independent, or absolute, in proportion to its freedom from any iiSKumptiou whatever founded n|»oii results from other series of observations, hnviiiR in view the tuiine or any other purpose, rractically, however, the determination of aberration, nutation, and precession can be left to special invest i};at ions. On the other hand, it may bo doubted whether the constant of refraction or of atmospheric expansion is sensibly the samo for different n'^ions and climates; even if it were, in practical iiitlu- ence ou observations, much would still depend upon local conditions and upon the character and situation of the meteorological iiislruments. Add to this the uncertainly of any existing single determination, and it will hardly be maintained that any series of declination observations is strictly independent, which does not initlude the determina- tion of refraction constant and ciH'flicient of expansion for atmospheric air, by proper methods and adequate means, from the observations themselves. Kvery scries of observations professing to give independent declinations should contain satisfactory evidence as to the character and amount of its instrumental cor- rections. Id this couneotion the excellence of tbe mechanical construction of the iiv 17.1) ItKl'OKT OK TllH ClIIHF ASTKONOMKU, APPKNIHX II. 47S) iiiKtriiini'iit luToiiH'H iiti ini|i<>rtiiiil coiibiiln'jitinn. TIiiih tlio work of tlicoltlcr inHtrii- iiifiilH laliorH iiiidiT iliNiiilviiiitiiKi'- K i<* plain tliiit tlii> ciralrr tluMinit'ty orcirfiiiii- Ntaiict'M niulcr which an inHltiunt'nt nia,v hi< used, other thin^iN WUm M|iiai, the Kiealcr will lit> tht> frci'iloin I'rtini couNtant t>rrorM(hii> to inNtrnnu>ntai cauMi's. ThcTcrorc, rcHnli.t I'loin iMMtriiniiMitM wliit'h utlniit of rcvtTHal havo rrccivi-il llio prclcn'mr nv«>r oiIiitm. FnrthiMUiori', when llic rt-lation of Iho cinlo to the lelfM-opo in ho alttn-tl that itH rcail- iiigM lor a Kiven /.cnith iliHtaiuv vary from .Yt>ar to year, iIiIh hait lu>cti ifKaiilt-il as a «h-«-lil ailvanta;;!'. TliiH consiilcralion lifcotncH ol Iins iniportanct', howtvcr, willi llncly {{raiiiiati'd inHtrnnifiitM read liy a hir(;(< iininbt>rof niicro.sro|K>M. The real ad to he an o|»>n «|ii('Ntioii. It has boon alily dflMiti'il liy ISes.M'l, l''a,\t>, DiMlrii, Airy, Kaiser, and others. In easeH where the din- eordanee It— /> is lar^e, and not aeeonnted for liy speeial in vest i;;at ions of the instru> ment, this eirennistaiiee haH lieen repirde*! as Jnsi <-anse for suspicion. Where we have a loiiK '*•'■>•''* "f ol>s( rvalions mail' it tho name observatory, or with the same iiistriiineiit, the wei;;ht of each f;roii|i is > 'n.-iiderably reduced from that which would have Ihtii a8si;;iicil to it when Ktatulini; as the mile representative of the partienlar series. Thoroui;haess and hUill in the methods i .eduction w«'re allowed to have nil inr 'irtant beaiiti;; upon the dcci.sion of these weights. Lastly, tlie decree of lialiility to fortuitous «'irorv i ■ ui eletnent wliieh lia« been considered. \\'itli the older cataloRues it is a lii;;' ;y iniptirtiiat one. Th(> catalocuo of riaz/.i, for instance, is es.seiitially indcpcndeui, but its chance errors are such that lind we been assured of its entire freedom from sys»em;iti(' error, it wtiuld still have received a weight. ]iractically insifjniticaut by comparison with tlio diMermiiiations actually used in the present discussion. In a Ic^s dcfjrce the name is true of triHMl of the si|uau« of the refraction; bciii;; zero for all /cnith distanc^es );reater than K(P, and in rases where the wei|;ht multiplied by the factor is less than .'>, The results of the various series of th-terminations made by observatories in tlio Boutlu'ru heiuisphere, were never used beytiud 70° zenith distance; so that from t ho p4ile down to and iucludiiif; a Viryinifi, there was no diminution of weights lor this cause. The factors are these : / Fiictor H 711 1.0 71 .!• 7a .H 73 . 4 71 .« 7,'. .(! Z I'.irtnr. o i -C. ! ..5 77 .4 7-« .3 <;» - a KO .'i i 1 fl m m »!' ,1 ii 1; 480 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. [74] I I Two or tbree obaervations received half- weight; a single observation, weight zero. Now while tliero is great tlisparity in the number of authorilies relating to difler- ent stars, fortunately a considerable number of stars have been quite universally observed. They are known as the fundamental stars, to which may bo added a Tersei, rj Ursas Jlajoris, j- Draconis, /? Draconis, r Ursa; Majoris, a Cassiopea>, a Cephei, a Ui sas Miijoris, ^ Cephei, (? Ursie Minoria, j- Cephei, ; Ursaj Minoris, S Ursjc Minoris, and a UrsiD Minoris. Tl >se have each been frequently observed in a majority of the series of observations enumerated above (Class I). It will be possible, therefore, in the ease of these stars, without the intervention of systematic corrections, to compute declina- tions which shall be measurably free from error, auti thus answer the purpose of an approximate normal system, to bo subsequently revised and improved. The results of this preliminary discussion are exhibited in Table I. The first column contains the name of the star; the second and third, respectively, valnes of [4 5] and [J /i'] determined in the following manner. For each catalogue an equation of condition was constructed of the form : (P -j845) . 10(» -C = The values of Care those given in column Cof Table A, " Details of Corrections to Assumed Declinations." The epoch 1845 is selected to facilitate the solution of the equations. T' is the designation for mean epoch and is sufliciently indicated in the numerical part of the designation of the catalogues concerned. These values of [J S] and [J ,n'\ are those which result from the use of Gh 175j, without final correction and with weiH;ht 1. The fourth and filth columns contain J si n' lli'iriilU 3 l.i'iii)i!< a Tau.i [•i-!] + .oi,-> + . iu;i + .111 — . O'W — . 17rt — . 1 19 — .(lO'i + .(I'-'-.' 4- .ii'-j-' — . on.-> + AV.-> + . 111.') + .v;irr. + . 1711 + .'.'■.".• CV] — .H.|8 — . i:,o — . 4;io — .118 — . lIMi — . VXl + .o-j;i — .07.-. + .-JH — . U)> — .mil — .i;i7 — .•-'••'Ii — .!t|l + .111 — l.Kll — .iil'J &3 + .0.V,' 4- .lr7 + . I'.'rt . 0(1',) . -JO? . l:!0 . OJt< .()1>.» . 10 + + + + + . oo;i . 0,-|(i .111 .'.'ill •f .;i:iii + . 107 + .1>,V.1 + .000 J/,' —1. 003 — .on — .781 — . 4o:> + .-IH/ z .710 . OJO — .104 0".l _1 . 177 — 1 . OJ(i — . KM — 1 . H-.',') — . ;i;!(i — •, .441 — .700 'M . Om . tMi'.' . W,'i .PTl . o.-i.-> . o,-..-) ,(W) .lC);i . or.i . O.V) . -J . ()>i:i . 0(il . o;w .(n;o .047 .007 W . :«K) .441 . :!40 . IM.-i .:u>t> . :t4'.» .311) . 318 . ;tsr. . ;ki4 . ;i7;i . '-'(W . ;i7-j . yH8 .415 .■47 . r»'j .00 . 40 .47 .no .47 .43 .40 . r>-i .53 ..".I .30 .r.i . 3!l .5U —10. 4 — 8.4 — 8.0 — 1.1 + :t. r, + c.o + (>.'.» •f 7.4 -h H. r. 4 10. d + !•.'. 7 + iJ.- + 14.3 + 11.4 + ll.(! + 1.\4 + 10. -J [75| llEPOUT OF TUi: CUIKK A8TKONOMEK, APPENDIX 11. Table I — Coutinued. 481 I Namo of star. ItimtiH Arii'tia CoroiuB Uoronlis .. AiulroiiuuliD (itMiiiiionim 'I'liiiri Lyni- Cygiii Aiiridio IVrsii UriMP Mnjoris . Driicuiiis DiucnniM Urnip Majoris . Ciissiopou) Ci'phi'i llrsio MiijoriH . J Cl'pllIM fi Uiaio MitioriH . J tVplu'i f Urwu MiiioriH. i I'ltiHi MiiioriH fi Ursiu Miiioris . o' Ciiprioonil . (,! Lilini' I'lMcix AiiHtraliti ■ [iJ] [V] . aiM . i:w . or.7 . tr>4 . :!4r. .(MW — .iw;( + .OiH) — .o;ii + . i:i4 + . I!h> + .(l-,'4 — t.:i7.s — . 4r.!" — .OlCi — . 4i0 — . 11)4 — . 1H2 ^>1 + + + .HOO .".Ml . 01t8 . Hitit . ;i4;t . IIVI . I.V2 + . 04-J + . ;wi . V.'M .018 .144 . 'Jill) . '.M- . -M-i .Old .01" . i:c. . (I!H .0.'.1 . le» . I'.lf. . oj;i i/i' — -i. (I'.'O — .(il'.» — .DlNi — .!t04 — .4;!0 + .;i4'.t . 880 .r.Tit . ;t:t:t I. out . :t47 411 '.',■>! 4-J8 + I + .mio I — .Od'.t i + .041 ! — . 14(> — . (W8 — ,01l!t + 1. lit*) — .OTl — .0Ci7 + .O'J,-) — .014 — .070 4- .04-1 — . l--'7 + I.ti8'.> — . 4r.4 + 1. + 1. + 1. 0."iO -(- .00!) '■ + .(i,".0 + .087 ! — .'J.'iS — .:!I4 4- .oii;i — .O-.'O — ..MO + .wx\ —■>. i:i:i ■M 'ill' . 018 .047 . o:rj . 0.-0 .041 .047 .044 . 040 . o»i:t . oi<;{ . 045 . 0.')1» .0(!7 . 04!) . O.V.) . 0.-.7 . O.Vt .o;w . 04;i . 04,-. .041 .01! .o;t . 07-J . 08 I . 08(i . lUti . -J!):! . ;i4,-> .:i77 . •,'.-.4 . •/7;! . ;!0!) . :UK1 . :«Mi . i.>7(i . :«>t .4'J8 .;ioi . :Hiii . :!.-..-. . :W7 . •j:t:t . 'Jo:! . '.'47 .•JO .10 . 440 I ..-.•,'4 i .r.4i ! .78-.> I .40 .40 .4:1 . 40 . :i4 . ;i'.) .:t(i .40 .r>i . no .X, .40 .47 :h .40 . 4,-. .41 . 'JO .:i:t . :!.'■> .;ti .01 .71 . 4.-> .4!) +'J0. +•-"•,'. 7 +-J7.'J -j-'j8 a +-8.4 +'J8. r. 4;!8.o +44.7 +4r.. H + i!t. ;» +,MI. t +M. .'-. + -.-J. 4 +.-i4. +.''>ri. 7 +til.!) +0-.'. fi +tK). •) +74.8 -i-7{!. 8 +78. It +8I>. +88.5 — llt.O -15.4 —'.'0, 1 — ;!0. 4 TliP \viMRht.s as8ii;iieil in the case of the two polar stars « and (1 rrsa> Minoris, arc not those of the table, since the rehitive wei{;ht8 lieie depend on primiples entirely dill'erent from those which have Roverned in Ihe selections of weiglits to lieu.sed with I'ipiatorial stars. Tlie weights are those (iiven in column - of the tabh's for these two stars. The four stars a? Capriconi, «^ Libra*, n Scorpii and « Piscis Anstralis are not fonnd iu "taWe A," since tlie subsequent process with these is exactly the same as for other stars in the same rcfjion. The formation of normal i)laces for the limits — ;t()o to — JKto declination is re- served for a later period of the discussion, and the manner will be hereafter explained. By the siibstitiit'on in the o(piations of condition of the values of J o ami J /(' con- tiiltied in columns four and live, we derive the numbers in column "»•'', table A, "Detail;* of Correct ions," etc. The.so are the corrections to the catalogue tleclinationa given by the aitproximato Normal System. These are arrangtHl for each catalogue in tho order of declination, and from them systenuttic corrections diMived, which are exhibited in Table 11 N n M , t m ■> . . .■ • I J 482 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. 170) I i ■■? Table II. Preliminary gyHteiiiatic corrections to fundamental catalogues, derived through comparison tcith the declinations of forty four fundamental and circumpolar stars. t ei g) 3! a • 6 s !^ S ^ $ 3 5 •rf ■n I .^f M .d u .«• M a •a lA u M M » M M « ». H „ It „ „ 1' II „ „ 1, „ n „ II „ „ ° 1 -30 00 1 4-1. 05 00 -.40 -1-9. -.40 00 00 -30 -98 -98 -94 -99 » 0( ) 1 1 -1.07 -1. 09 -1.11 -1.13 uo 00 00 00 -.40 -.40 -.40 -.40 '-4-9.00 00 -fl.90 00 l-l-I. 85 00 i-t-l. 80 -f 1. ,-.1 -,1.54 -1.33 -t-1. 17 -.40 -.40 -.40 -.40 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 -98 -90 -94 -99 l-.Sfl -.90 h. 95 00 00 ) -i. io +.71 -90 Ka5 ot 1 - .04 -1.89 -1. 15 00 -.40 00 I--1.65 OP --1.5U -1.04 -.40 00 00 00 - -. 51 --.08 -90 -IB -. 45 - .89 -1.03 -I. n 00 -.40 - . 113 -.40 00 00 00 -.50 - -. 05 -IS -W -.95 u - . 79 - .90 -I.IU 00 -.40 00 -1.38 --.85 -.40 (10 00 --04 --.5(1 --.Ol -16 -14 -. 94 1 - .(15 - .80 -1.21 00 -.40 00 --1.90 - - . 70 -.40 00 -j-.lO --.08 +.50 - -. .58 -14 -19 (-.94 (X ) - .59 - .79 fl.93 00 -.40 00 4-1.18 4- .70 -.40 00 +.19 +.49 +.50 -19 -10 H k94 0( - ..54 - .05 f .94 -t-.95 -.40 -)-.07 -.00 fl.lO -1- . (15 -.40 00 +.40 . klB [-.49 +.54 -10 - 8 h.a4 - .51 - .CO -.07 - -. 90 -.41 -1.04 - .00 -.41 -.09 -.39 - -.10 - k49 - -. 5 1 - 8 - - r-.94 (ll - .47 - ..'.5 -1.00 -.10 -.49 -.05 -.04 - .98 -- ..53 -.49 --.05 - -.39 - -.10 . r-.48 --.48 - n - 5 r.9:t 0< - . 45 - ..53 -1.09 -.10 -.49 - .99 -i-..Vl -.49 -.00 - -.38 . -.10 . -.48 - -. 411 - 5 - 4 k «:i J3 + .75 -1.81 IH) -18 1 -l(i -. .!."i U) 00 -.17 + .88 -. 35 h.30 -.80 00 00 -. 83 ^ .78 — .85 -1.81 00 -HI I -14 -.40 0! -.40 ).30 -.'.0 -'.h -.(•(i 01 -.8-1 I- .70 . '*', -1.16 00 -'< I 1 -W -. 4.-. oio 00 -.89 + .SB -.45 > . 30 -.80 -.84 -.18 00 -.98 + .67 -!85 -1.18 -.05 -w| i -10 -. 50 -.30 + .05 -.34 ; +.8S -.,'0 t.30 -.80 -.84 -.18 + .13 -.98 + .61 — •x, -1.08 -.10 -10! - s -.49 -.a9 + .06 — . 38 + .88 — . .-'8 h.:)J -. -.0 — . 85 -.14 f.in -.81 + .03 -.89 - 1. 03 -.10 - 8 - a -.48 -.art + . 08 -.DO +.88 -. .-lO +.:io -.80 -.85 -.11 +.07 -.80 + .01 -.38 - .98 -.10 — 6 - s -.47 -.87 + .08 -. a!) +. S8 -.4'! , .;io -.■M —.85 -.(.9 + .05 -.90 + .ro -.34 - .96 -. 10 - 5 - 4 -.47 -.87 + .00 -.88 + .88 -.49 f.30 -.80 -.86 -.07 4.04 -.80 + .59 -. 36 - .94 -. 10 - 4 — a -.40 -.80 + .11 -ao +.8< -.47 + .30 -.-M -. 86 -.04 1.01 -.90 \- .57 -.39 - .89 -.10 - 9 -. 4.-1 -.85 4.18 -.84 ■f .-an - .46 |."0 -.80 -.87 01) -.08 -.Ml 1 .r* -.4.' - .84 -.10 ■ + a -.44 -.85 + .14 -. aa f . 88 -.4-. ! .30 -.80 -. 88 + .03 -.05 -. 18 + .54 -.44 - .80 -. 11 + 9 '■ < + 4 -.4J —.85 + .1« -.80 T . 88 -.43 r.30 -. 19 -.88 + .C0 -.08 -.18 + .53 -.46 - .75 -.13 + * 1 + 5 -.41 —.85 ).. 17 -. Ill - . '.. 8 -. la • .Ml -. 19 —.a** + .08 -.10 -.17 H .58 -.46 - .73 -.13 + sl + « -.41 — 85 + . 17 -.18 + .S8 .41 i-.:;o -. 19 -.89 + .10 -.18 -.17 4- .51 -.46 — . 71 -.14 + « '' + H -.39 -.85 + .18 -.16 + .88 — .;.!! >^..?o -. 17 -. 89 + .13 -. l.-i -.16 H .50 -.48 - .66 -.16 + 8 ' ' +IU -.38 -.83 +.18 -.14 + .88 -. ■:,i> + .30 -. 15 -.30 + .16 -.18 -.16 + .49 -. 50 - .09 -.17 + 10 ; " -.34 -.3) (.17 -.00 ' +.3'^ -..14 \-.:m -.10 —.29 + .18 -.50 -.13 + .46 -.,50 - ..53 -.18 15 1 so -.30 -.40 +.10 -.04 1 +.8H -.30 H-. 30 -.(Hi -.86 + .80 -.i'i -.11 + .43 -.46 - .45 - ao ao s.-. -.ao -. .'.0 f.Dl +.01 +.88 1.31 -.'•9 - 81 f.17 -.3n -.07 + .40 -.37 - .3-1 -.80 95 30 -.aa -.00 -.0-t + .06 ; -i-.'^n i . 30 -.18 -. 16 + .14 -.30 -.08 1 .38 -. 8(i - .34 -. 80 so 35 -.IB -.65 -. II +■11 1 +.88 -!?- t .30 -.88 -.08 + .09 -.30 H .00 + .36 -. 15 - .31 -.80 :'.l 40 - 14 -.70 -. 15 +.ir. , +.a8 -.13 (-.30 00 + .04 -.SO +.80 i .33 -.04 - .99 -.80 40 4") -.10 -. (ili -. 14 -i .88 1 -.07 +.89 00 00 -.30 + .31 +.06 - .88 -.80 45 1 Ml -.06 -.08 -.13 + .88 t .. -.09 t-.ae 00 00 -.28 + .89 + .13 - .98 -.an 50 sri -.01 -. 51 -.11 +.30... - i .0; + .86 00 00 -.85 + .90 +.17 - .98 -.18 55 CO + .04 -.40 -. 10 +.33 +.17 (.85 00 00 -.81 + .9:1 +.91 - .'.8 -.17 60 05 +.ia -.87 -. Of -I-.31 , . 96 K33 00 no -. 16 + .91 + .99 - .96 -. 13 65 :o + .80 -. 15 -.1)6 + .30 +.89 i.88 DO on -.10 1- .17 +.18 - .85 -.10 70 7."» + .36 -.07 -.04 ' . 98 K88 ^.lo on 00 (!0 f .14 + .09 - .90 -.05 75 cu + .85 00 -.03 + .15 +.a« 4. 11 00 00 00 + .10 00 - . 16 CO 80 i w f. 10 00 00 00 '■_:" 00 00 00 00 + 00 00 00 00 00 * TUp correction Hctually niwil b.v ijii4taki> fnv <'«' 48 ln'twren the limits of — 13^ and — 30^ wbi* -f ".13. t A.B ootuftlly uaod, the curre<>tiou from — 13^ tn — 30^ waa uhuut — ".80. Si-e explaaiition (p. 69). TI;o followiug exphiiiations will serve to show the niannor of computing tlicsf f.orrectioiis. As the points of eoiuparison were ri'littively few, siulden fiiictuations in the values of the correction are to be avoided, unless they seem to he completely Justified by the testimony of the observations. Whenever a general expression such Hs a (sin Z + sin Z'), or, « (tan Z + fan Z'), (where Z' is the zenith distance of the pole), was ftiund to represent, approximately, the residuals, r, it was adopted. In the derivation of the' corrections from —10° to +00° declination, only stars within those limits were used. From —10^ to —.'$4°, the <'orrectious are very rough approxima- tions, there being but four standanl declinations within these limits to control the ciirvi'S. In fact, the curves were continued, in many cases, according to the law adopted for them within the liuiits +0(1° to —10°, where this course was not too strongly opposed to the residuals given by the four southern stars.* We proceeu to notice suriii'ti('all.v iiiiiivi>ili> lor riiihiniH wliicli nii- givru in llii' intrmlnctiiry. (S,... |,. [-11) 'J: ,-i \\\ ^!f! 484 UNITED STATES NOKTUEUN BOIJNDAKY COMMISSION. 178) lig 21. I Lave supposed that the systematic error in this cutalogtio is more likely to be due to error iu the constaiit of flexure employed thau to anything else. This is found to correspond well with the residuals. Assuming the correction to bo of the (orm, a (sin Z+ sin Z'), we have for a + ".IG. The use of this formula was continued to the extreme southern limit. Gh 22. The correction is so small and so uncertain, that zero has been adopted for all declinations. Dt 24. The correction is assumed to be of the form x ^!LJL£j where p antl / are rcs|)ectively the mean refractions foi a given star and the pole. We have : X = - .299 The Dorpat observations are reduced with a refraction constant which is fiessel's multiplied by .99545.» From the formula we shall have as the true factor, .99545 x 1.0U299 = .99843. The following table shows the agreement of the formula with the means of the several groups of residuals. Mean 6 of group. Number ofstarn. Mean value ofr. Formula. Residual. — 8.9 3 II — . 41) — .53 — .04 + 5. a 6 — .53 — .34 + .19 -1- 13.8 8 — .21 — .27 — .06 + 25.8 6 - . 03 — .22 — .19 + 4:t.o :i — .17 — . 15 + .u2 + .la. .■» 5 — .25 - .13 + .12 + 62.3 2 — .18 - .10 + .08 + 75.0 4 — .08 — .06 + .02 Ao 29. The process with this correction was exactly similar to tbit pursued with Dt 24. We have :— X - - .333 and the following comparison : — Mean 6 of group. Number ofntars. Mean value ofc. Forranla. Residual. ,, „ // — 8.9 3 — ."wi — AM - .04 + ,^2 6 — .34 - .39 - .05 + 13.8 8 — .36 — ."2 + .04 + 25. 8 — .33 — .25 + .08 + 43.0 3 .w - .17 + .11 + .V2. 3 - .03 - .14 - .u + 62.3 .1 - .02 — .10 - .07 + 75.0 4 + .or, — .06 -.n^ S. H. 31. From declination -4-60° to — 10°, the curve was formed by adding to the numbers given by Dr. Auwers for S. n. 31 (Axt. Nach. Bd. 04, iS. 378), the diflference • Poa. Med. (Struve), p. xxxii, Int. 70] REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX H. 485 lietwoeu tbe correction just deilucc2. A r. + .Hi + .-'1 •f .0.'. + c-.>.:t o + .:(.< + .l(i - .22 ' + 75.0 1 4 - .o> + .08 + .10 The use of tbis formula is continued to the .southern limit. Gh 45. A simple hand curve is drawn. Ko 45. Owing to tbe large probable error of this authority, and the uncertainty of the curve, a comparison with Pa 45 and Gh 45 is instituted for every star in common with these catalogues and tbat at the end of this paper. The comi)arisons are included within the limits +90° and — 10° declination, and are in the sense of corrections to r LtjM rii 48G UNITED STATES SOKTllEHN MOUNDAUY COMMISSIOX. (Sr; Rv '1.5. The weights wore lulopted without reference to the iiiiinber of obscrvatioim in Pa 45 or Gh 15, unless the uunilH>r in the former is less than 4 and in the hitter less than 5. With this exception, the weights are these: — Uliwrvatiiiim ill Ko 4.'i. a or I ."• or iiiiuv Tbeso were multiplied by .5 when the number of observations in either of the other catalogues is 1, by .7 when in Oh 45 the number is 2, by .8 when in Pa 45 the number is either - or 3, and in Uh 45, 3 or 4. It was seldom necessary to use these factors. The following table contains in the lirst column the mean declinations of the groups Pa — Ue; in the second, the mean residual Pa — Ke for each group; in the third, the weight; in the fourth, the probable error of the unit of this weight determined from each group. The tilth, sixth, and seventh columns contain corresponding particulars for Oh 15 — Itc 45, omitting the probable errors, which were not determined. The eighth and ninth columns show respectively the sums of numbers in columns two and six added to the corresponditig corrections of Pa 45 and (Jh 45, taken from Table II. The tenth column contains the means of columns eight and nine, giving the numbers in column eight double weight except for the lirst group. From this last column the curve of correc- tion is constructed graphically by the usual method. .. a. :t. 1 I. i** 0. 7. s. u. 10. o " O „ „ , , — H.4 - .iia (i -t .CO — s.c. + .40 H + . l(i + . .Vl + . ac. — O.H + . \'> .4.-. — i.a + .r,a a + .(ia + . ('><) + 04 + ^^.:^ — .7rt i> .41 + a.t! — .(!() (! — .aa . la .ao + Kl — .iK) 1.-. .ai + r-.O — .18 i.-i — .aa CO — . 1.". + l:1.7 — .77 i» .4a -f ia.(! — .41 10 — .aii .ao — .ai + I--. 1 -.U (i .Jii + H.a — . aa — .oa — .01 — .oa + -i-.'.S -1.10 <( .4S + •-••.■.'.» — .Hl> l» ^^.j _ .70 — .71 + -iH. — ..-^7 4 .40 + 2t^. I — ..'■.7 (! — .r.a — .4a — .U» + :;.■>. 1 -l.:!4 r. .AC> + a,-.. I - .t.• + . M + .a(i + .18 • + 7(1. !• + .(Mi 11 .a-.> + 70. 1 + .(14 10 + .70 + .CO + . "tW + 71!. r. IH-,.S] +i.o.-> 7 .x\ + 7C.,8 |S.-,.7] + ..v.> [+ -a-J] 171 +!.ia + . .'.a + .\H Till' correction of the table is not considered applicable lu'twecn the limits (S()Oiind (MP declination when stars are observed liotli above and below the pole. Hetween the limits —Id' and — L'S^" the curve was constructed by the help of Dr. Anwers's table (Ant. ytuh., Hd. (i4). Search for terms in the declination correction of l>e 45, which *lepend niton th(! right nseen.sion of the star for their nnignitude, faile1,v. Dr. Ooiilil thuls a coiisitliMiiblo <-or- ri'ctioii of this kind (A»t. Xach., 1U\. (!">, s. IM.'), ami Dr. Aiiwi-r-* (Ant. A'dWi., 15tl. (il, H. XiH) (luiKs by coinimrisoii with Ao 2!t: + ".L'iS,"i kiii <» — ".IKico." «. Mv »!,' ilio dilVor- «'iH!»i of declination corrections iroin tlio Hcparato dill'ereiice.s I'a — He and Gli — He, I Hiid :— Ptt4S-l{«4.'i. (ili4.'-. — Uo^V Moan '1 of group. WfiRllt. Difforciiei'. Mraii II ol group. Woiulit. DilToriMn'. h. „ h. O.'i It - .11 0.1 — .0'.' a. 2 17 + .10 » •! + .'-'1 4.!i t;t + .i:i 4. J + -ai r>.8 11 — . iJ .'i. s - .1:< 8.1 to + .01 H. 1 + .0(1 10. I I.-. — .:!.-i 10.1 ;YJ I'J. 1 fi - .01 1* 'J + .01 14.0 11 .00 ill + .:i7 Ifl.O 1.-. — .;io Ki.O IH.O s - .:m H.O + . '■'' Ut. !• ir. + .o-j 10. ;» + .-JO •.'ii.O I.-. — .OG •JJ. •it + .-JO Wn 47, Wn 5(1, \Vn (!4. The correct iois were derived by the };ra|>hical |>i'oceN8. None of tlie.se curves are very certain for deelinatiouN north of 4(P. Tih ni, (Hi 57, and Gh (i4, I\s 53, C. G. II. 58, Ln «J7, Kc 08, and Wn 7li were al.so dixciis.sed by nieiiiis of hand curves. So 55. A uniform value of the correction was adopted, since sulllcient material for drawing the cui-ve with requisite certainty was not available. Me U8 and Wn (!8. Coiupari.son with the residuals r shows that the results of tho discussion of V hin^iton and Melbourne declinations (p. (18) answer sut1ir Moiii) r. l-'uriiinlii. ('- Knmp. of htlllS. — s. !» :i — 1. la — l.o.-> + + r>.-.' — . :!.''i — .:i'.t — + l:t.O :i — .:n — . "JO + + .vj.;i {> — . .^0 — .vi-^ + + tw. :t a — .;t- — .yr + + 7.\0 4 — .41! — .wii + .07 .01 .aa . (K> !To ii 111 If n ' 'U • 488 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. |S.'| If, for iiiHtanoe, obaervntioiis liavn liceii coritH'ted by tbe formula m t>in Z votf Z, wbeu the true foruiuhi is a mi Z, th«'ii the correction a sin' Zvioald be required for tbe pohir tliKtunce:*, nd published. The nveratte correetioii to zeuith distiiuceH by direct observation during the years 18(»8-'72 for K — D\a + ".7.'»sin Zvoi-.' Z. If we suppoiie tliat thix correction should have bten ajiproxiuately + ".75 8in Z, then declinations would reqtiire the correction — ".7."> sin' Z + (the proiH'r correction for lat- itude). It is, however, probable that a jjreat part of the correction is due to error in the adopted constant of refraction, SECTION VII. COKKliCTlON OF HESSKL'S KIJNDAMENTA ASTROSOMI.E. With the systematic corrections of Table II., and with the system of weights already used, we proceed to correct the assumed declinations of stars of class "t" (p. 8). The object of this is to secure a greater number of points with which to ci">|»are Bradley's declinations, and even this lulditional number is insulUcieut for the satis. ..c- tory solution of the problem. Tbe criterion ( f .selection of these additional stars is that there shall bo none for which the weight of J/i' is less than .5. The formation and solution of conditional equations was conducted on ]ireci.sely the same principles as for the fundamental stars. The saiiic authorities were used (Gh 1752 and 1755 being of course excluded), but they were lirst corrected by Table II. in order to diminish the eli'ect of uneven «l istribution of systematic errors in the series of corrections for a given star. The results are shown in Table III. where the adopted corrections of fundamental and circumpolar stars (Section VI.) are repeated lor convenience. The explanation follow s : Table III. 175.->. Name of star. A.I X ITreiB Minoris 319.6 ; l>. 1 (i C-phci ! 3-.'l.4 u DnicoDis 'J<>4. *i +^A -fe(i. 5 +^-4.7 +7H. .■> +7(i. :i +7H. s +7r..-2 +7-J. :l +7('. 7 -f(Ki. ."> .0-7 .OOi) . lA' . I-.'7 . (I4.'> . (ill.'i . (i;o . 4.-ili . 073 . 0,-ti . 4.'i(i .014 . 40J Ad &^' ' "S/i' .1 - .-.Hi • ' + .66 . -f3.Kl . — .tW '.» — .39 4 +1. \1 •27.0 -.-4.07 (ill. 4 -i-i.ori •JU.3 — l.'iS 01 43.4 1.-.. 9 40. 01.0 I."'.'* —I.. •.7 — .30 -f4. 17 + 1.33 -ta.iio 1 M 1. 00 .SI l..->9 . ."9 1. IS ..■i4 . on 1.00 Cor. to Uradl.y -I.l —1.9 —4.1 — .i — .0 —I.-,' + ..'■< —3. '.' -3.1 + 1.3 +4.0 —•.i .-. —3.7 —3. rt •J. 1.0 1.0 .4 1.0 1.0 1.0 .4 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 liraiiliial. + .3 + .:i —■i. 3 + .7 -1.3 -••>. — l.H +3.H + 1.0 -3. 1 — •-'. - 1.-' (83) KEPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX H. 489 Tablu III— Coiitiniirtl. n' riKii" Mnjnris i< DriicoiiiH I Ci'|ilit'i II 'Draroiiiii.... e l'aw)in|ii>in>. . I'rmr Miijurin Ci-proi I>r.i<'iiiiis . ('(•plifi I'TMi" Miijoris {'f|itioi I'xnv Miijoris Drue mis DriiciiiiiH .. .. I'rMi' Miijoria tl Cfplii'i C CeplH'i (< I'rMi" Miijoris 4 C'ltiiiclopiinlul n Cwdioprio) . . C I'rsii" Majoris J Truir Mii.jorii) » I'a-diopi'iiB .. K ('.V)iiii It limit m ■i OriiconiK \'rii' Mii.joris \ I'lMi" Mujoris ."il Andrmiu'da'. il IVrst'i 'A ItDOlis Mujoris .) AiuiKiP ri Cyciii X l'i>u< Majorls f AuriRip a Hi-reiili8 It I'rsip Mujorisi } Aiiilromedai. 7 Aiiriftii* ii IVrwi ) 0«"i Kri. I IIIH. < •.'4.-.. -J :ii(i. I l-il.i ;w4. ti 1 i:i. :i •JM.lt y.t;>. :i '.•7. '.> ;!;!.■>. :t:ui. (i Kil.T tUi. it ti.7 +ii:i. 1 +111. (i +(■,-'. I +(ill, ".I +til.j +(ill.ll -fl'iil. ••' +.-.;•. 1 +.v.i.-,> +:.^ -1 +.-.7.V' +.-.7. II + .-.7.7 I +.•«;. :i I'.V-i, 17.-.. •.' '\ !> 8S7. '.» •iU.i 'Ml. -i i;!9. 1 •Jt;7. 7 I 1 +r>ti. -J i +r..-.. 1 I +.V.'. it j +:.;t.ii +,-.•-•..-. +.V.'.- +.M.r, '.'SHI. il +.M.'.> •.'04. .■> +.'>ii. :, a)2. 5 ;t;c.. :! 4ii.7 ItiO. ti I7:t.;i ,M.4 211. M 74.7 lii;i. '.t +4i).7 +411. + i;i. II +4il. II +4ii. 1 +47. 4 +47.(1 + 47.-.' + 4.-.. 7 + 4.\r< •N). 4 +44.11 ;itw. :t + 44. 4 l.MI. ti +41. 1 71.1 +4:;. 4 •.'4fi.G +4:l. II l.^l.'.l +40. 7 •J7. •> +41, 1 -■>. :( +411. it 1 4.1. 1 +40. tl 1 ;t0!.4 +;iit. :> + .04-) fil.4 I — .4.-. — .tUi" i til. 4 +1.IW + .'Jli.! 4!t. •.' — l.titl — .;U-l . ■.\i.ti +I.tl4 + .(Kir :u.o I +i.(ii + 1 lltl 1 (10 1 :i>'> 57 — . I.- 4 + .:i-'- + . l.-.t + .iii:t — .•.'4.' •,".'. 4;i. :i •Ji.-J 4l.li :i7. •,' + 1..V.' .11,-. — .0- l.io + .-'7 , .tW +1.IIJ I i.ai +i.;!7 I .«j + .l-.t) .Ml. It + .41 — .:Ull 4.\ 4 , + .114 — .ti,"ii t.o. •.' + .;!.-■ — .tl,-)!) ;ii.."i — .tl-.' + .0118 , (11.3 '. — l.tU I 1 — .44:. I :ti.8 i +1.S,-. + . 101 •.•7.:i — .7:1 — . •.';!.'■ 11-.'. 7 + .:i;! — .•.•7:< 41.^ + .Oil + .O.Mi 4ii . :1!I7 .•Jill .4:11 .0111 . •.':t4 . 07 it . ti;!0 . .•.114 . Itil! . 14.' •JH. tl ;iii. :t 27. ^ i>\. it :i'.'. 1 44. 1 lltl. 1 :i2. 2S. 1 + .:W4 •Jil.4 + .-.'11-.' ' :iii. tl + .-Jl-' :i7.4 + .4(11 :tii. H + .l-.V-i 4.-..:i + .otnt ' ;io.2 ; +-.'.41 .r.4 + .-.'•.'7 ' 41. :l I — .(W I .117 + .414 I :l.\it -4.2.-> I .H7 + .17.-> Itl.O + .-2 I .(!() + .02:1 : (12.7 ' — .4:1 ' l.(.:i .004 I 42.0 ; + .:);i , i.tis . lilt! ' (il.l ' — ,25 1.51) I . 0S2 ! 27. 7 I — . 24 | . 70 ! .:!52 ;!2. (i + .'■7 ' .7H ,12:1 41.4 — .IHl t. Ill 1.2:1 1.04 1.00 .74 l.tlO . IHl . tilt l.t;:i — .(1-i .117 + .00 .70 + .11:! .117 + 1.0:! . ,v.t _ ;,s l.Oll + ..-v.' .71 — .0"i l.Otl W-J 1 . till + 1.77 — 1..V.I + .Oti .ill .ill .70 — l.Oil + 1.14 -1.40 -l.:!l -2, 07 .74 .7:1 1.05 1.12 1.14 — :t. i! -i.ii —2, —1.7 1 -2.2i . t> I —2. (i — 1.»! —A.i —2. 5 —2. ;i +4.0 —1.8 - .1 — .4 tl —1.2 + ■' — .1 + ••■; — i.i + .« + .:t + •» — .ti — 1.7 — . 8 -I.ii — .5 — .7 + •;> —2. 4 + -2 — l.tl + 1.11 + !.■< + 1. 1.0 1.0 I u'l 1.0 i 1,0 I 1.0 0.4 ' 1.0 ' 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 2.0 , 1.0 8.0, 1.0 I 2.0 i 2.0 : 1,5 ,4 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 1,0 1,5 .4 .1 A 2. 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 l.tl + .11 1.0 + l.ti i 1.0 +2.4 ; 1. 5 I — .(> ■ — .:i -1.5 I =«:«! -.8 ! — .8 + !.!• { — .9 I — .-i 0.0 + 1.0 — .'i + .B + .:« — .4 — .11 + l.ti + .1 — 1.5 + .11 — .(> — .7 +1:1 j -i.(i i — 1, +1 + + + ■FT '5;) ijt": . '! 1 1 ■» i :4 5 rt a ./^ t ill m 490 UNITKI) 8TATKS NORTUEKN UOUNDARY COMMIHdlUN. (84) Taole III— GoiitiniMNl. ■ ii Nnnin of «tur. r I,>riii V lll'll'QiiH Ai|niliB C I'f KIIHl , « ()|iliiiicbi r l*U);iiai rt A<|iiilni , •I Orion Ih f I'Ihciiiiii I ll.vilriu (I .Stirpfiitm M I'iHciiim )< Aijiiiliu t I'iHcitim u tVli ii A 1-:..' •J7!>. I un.i '.'7: . -J n.o Mr*. H :n>. I a.s». :i 7(t. :i aiH. (( ;»ir.. II 77.7 11 •.•.(; •.Kif. il aiH.c, s.':ii. I 111.7 1 i:i. r.:i. a -■>•*. I '.»■-'. (I UHk \ 1th.. ;i i.M.<; iiii.i a(i."i. H (>:>. :> 174.1 liV.. "I :i4:i. 1 2h;i. .-. 'JWt. u MH.H yi»:i. 7 3;i7. ;t u->\.:> »£',. u 204.7 tc.. r. i-.>. t> I'-'f . 4 2;):i. 1 ir.*!. 7 ait:.. H ■.m.ti 4-.'. 4 af'H. :i +:t!». 4 +:i!». 4 +:vx (i +;!H. ti +;i7. *i +:m. :t +:i:i. 1 -l-:i;i. 1 +:ia. H +:u. 1 -f',ii. a +-i^. 4 -i-v'f . ti +•-•7.7 +•-'7. !) +•2-'. 1 +27. II +27. 1 +24. '.» +2:!. ;i +22. :i +22. li +22. 4 +21.1) +21. 1 H-2K. r. + l'.Mi + lti.ti +ir..!) +14.7 +i:t.i» +i;t.H +i;i..''> + 12. H +i:i.2 + 10.(1 + !».r> + !•. H + H. H + K2 + 7.:t + ti.li + 7.:t + 7.2 + .'•... ^ + .^. rt + 4. ;t + ;i.i + 2. ti ^^ — .7:11 — .(if,". + .:ti!-.' + AMI + .2.-.4 — .y.^i + I.rti7 + . I4(» — .44-^ + .ii;i!» — .r.17 — .242 — .2llti — .141 + .1104 — . 121 — .tllH - .4;!.-. + .Olli - .I'.M) - . 12rt + + + + + + + .172 . 142 . :i:il . 2;! 1 . 220 .(ItiO . 2,- u . I!I7 .;t:iii .2:!! . 140 111 + .(M + .(it»;i — .41(1 — .011 + .(i;i7 + .niti + .1110 — .;i4;i — . irtt + .tt2H — ..M.-. — . i;iii — . .^72 , 2tl7 , 1(H) + "^fl 2«. 1) 42. 4 40.1 l>!>. 1 :i«>. :i(>. 20.0 20. 4 4li. 2 20. ti 20. 2 (10. 4 7(1. ;i 70. 4 IH.2 :i2. 4 liO. 7 :i(i.H :m». 1 :!(). li 7(1.7 :il.7 4:1. 2 X..7 7(1.7 411. 4 71. r. (iO. 7 7(1. r> 70.7 110. i :to. 711. ;t 71.. 'i 70.0 20.7 20. H 2:1. (i 71..-. 71..-. 2(i. 1 ^^. 2 T\.:, X,. I 71..'-. 42. 7I..'-. 4:.. H 1.H4 I. tit. Cor. to llrdillKy. -i.r. +1.7 + .< + 1.1 + .» +2. n + 1.2 +1.0 —1.7 +1.1 +i.r. — .0 — .4 + .H + 1.1 +2.4 + .:i +2. —2. :> + 1.1 — .7 + .r. —1.2 + ••■' — .11 +1.1 + 1.H + .r. +1.7 + 1.M +1.4 +2.H — .1 +2.1 +:i. +1.0 + 1.2 +1..'-. + 1.0 +1.1 +1.7 + 1.0 — 1..^ +:t.:i +2. — .7 + 1..-. — .2 — .4 +:i.:i 1.0 .7 .7 2. 1.0 .0 .0 .7 .0 .0 .7 .0 .r> .0 .0 .0 .7 .0 .0 .11 .0 .0 .r. .0 .0 .0 2.0 .0 .ti .11 a.ti 2.0 .7 1.0 1. 11 1.0 i.r. 1.0 1.0 1.0 litmitliml. -1.(1 + .» + .'i + -'i — .1 + 1.7 + .:t + .0 — 2. 1 + .r. + .:i -1.4 — 2. + .:i + .2 + .0 — .(> — i.(i — l.H + .1 — .H — .;t — .7 — .1 —1.0 + .:> — .M + .0 + .;i — .:i + 1.7 — 1. 1 + .:t +i.:t + .4 — .4 + .:> — .1 + .2 + .1 — I.(i + 1.0 + 1,0 — .0 — .7 — 1.0 +1.-' [85] IlEl'OltT OF TOE CIIIKF ASTHONOMKK, ArPKNDlX II. 491 TaiiM'! Ill— (^ontiiiiUMl. Nunio (if Hiar. y rii F Ol'llllliH >l ScrpiiiitiH — It. :< '."•.'ti. (t — H, .fi I'.IH. 1 — !». il :ioi. 1 -i:i.(i ICll.H -i:i.!t ;.('.. 7 — 11.(1 •Jli». :i -I,-.. 1 Hii, :, -i;.!» ■ (17. H Is H •j;i7. H -til. 1 •.'70. 'i -•Jl. 1 2:i(!. r. -'J-.'. 2 lH.-,..l -•J-.'. 5 ii'.i.;i -•i:i.i» •-'iii.i; -•J(i. 1 Ki.'.y -•.'H. rt :iii.(i — :i(). '\ — .WW — .dl'.l — .wr. — ..Mr> -- .('i(i;i — .(i(i;i - .■-'•.' I -f . :iCi(! — .:i'.".i -)- . I'.ld -f- . I'.'t -I- . If*? -\- . w + .(Mki + .(I.-..' — ..m; .(ill —(I. 117 -I- .(W) — .(I'.W — .:!(ii + i.(i-.'(i + !l(i + , KM .(i:i:i .(171 — .(i(i:t — .(i(,lt ^a,l Jl,.' % C»r. to llrntlloy. IT UcnIiIiiiiI. :i7. 1 -l.lt") .KO + .M 1.0 + .1 r.H. 1 — .Kl l.ll + l.(i 1..". - -i ;i:i.(i - .117 .'i + 1.0 1.(1 + l. 1 +i.(i 1.(1 + .1 71.. ^ — .1(1 I.HI + '.'.H 1.0 + 1.(1 •J 1. 1» -l..-|| . .'■.(■ +:>..'. 1.0 + 1.1 •.".». ."> -a. (11 . (W + 1.7 l.u ;w. 7 + . M . 7.'i +'-'.:i .7 + •:! •J.-'. ;i -i.:io .7-1 +:i.r. 1.0 + l.(i (i'.i. ;» - .7H I.HI + 1.(! 1,0 + -1 71..-. - .(11 I.HI — .0 a. — .<> •J-.'. 1 - .H7 .(;:i + l.y 1.0 + ■*' :it.(i -i.a;i .7!) +•.'.7 1.0 + .1 71.. "i — l.(Mt I.Hl + ."•• l..'. -l.a ■f .lU - .'J 1.0 -I.I + 1.(10 — .r. 1.0 -i.:i + .11 + .'i 1,0 + .;« — I.^HI .. . + !.!» 1,0 — .i:t + \.-i 1.0 - .7 + l..|:t — .H 1.(1 _ ^ .J .... -r.. rt.| + 1.7 l.(» (1 + l.(i:i -l.-i l.u -1.0 -1. 11 +;i.H 1.0 + .» + .V^ + .<■• 1.0 — .7 — I.C'I +;i.--' 1.0 + l.:i .... — I.IKi + i.-,' 1.0 (1 + I.(1-J +1.1 0. .'i + .f' + i.;ii ■ — .:> 1.0 + .1 :;r '4 ColiimiiH Olio, two, and tlirct' ri>(iuir*> no t>x|iliiiiiition. ('oliiintiH four luul Hvu coii- tiiiii the correction to the iisnuiiumI tlt'cliniition for the i-|ii)cli 1.S45, with tho w('i;;ht a.s tltttcriiiiiu'il from the (■(|iiiktioiis of fonditioii. ('oliiniii six cxiitains one liniidred tiineH the correction to the annual variation a.ssiiincti, anil colutnn hcvoii its weight. In reference to tlie wei(;litN, it slionhl litt reninrkcil, tliat for tlie tir.st five star.s the weights were ussntneil on (lilferent princiiiles from tho.se wliich prevail with other .star.s. The manner of UHsi^iiin^ wei;;hts to lli(« stars IVom "' Cai)ri(;orni to a I'iseis Anstralis IniN l)i'eii already e.\]ilained. As tiie.v are not, tlierefore, strictly comparable with the pre- ceding; they are omitted. Colnmn ei);ht coiitiiiiiH the correction to (ih 1752 and Uh 1755, resnltiiiK from the preceding valncs of J " and J/-'. The process of oUfaininn thcH(^ corrections was thi.s: The (-ataloKnc d<>cliiiat Ions were corrected for nntatioii as explained (p. -<>)• The duclinatioim between + 11° and — 11^, have been corrected by 492 UNITED STATES NOltTHERN HOUNDAilY COMMISSION. 180) BcHM'l t'orctTtaiii qiinntitieM iu>co8Hnr.v tu iiiiiki' tlieiii ngrec with Drntlle.v'H obttervatioDS of tlu> 8IIII. The lollowinK tuhle Ih kIvcii in Fundamenta A»trommiiir (p. (U). — i;i — II — It — 7 — fi i Corroctiiiii. tf Oorrctthiii. d Ciirrection. + .:i + .<'>:! + .24 + '-i - .0(1 1 1 +++ // + .07 + 2. :«i + l.o;i + 1.4'' + .12 o + T + !• + 11 ; + i:i + 1.28 + .47 + .4U Thetto corii'ctioiiH I huvo HiilttriR-tetl from th<> I'litiilogiio tlfH^liiiutioiiM; by which iiiPiiiiM wu iiru able to h8hiiiiiu tlio huiiio Hyatftn for ull HtiirH south of Greenwich zenith. The NtiindHrd declination for 175:! is equal to the assumed declination -f- J/i' — .03 J/i'. From the Htantlurd ho formed i.s Hulttracled the correcti'd declination of the catalo{;ue. The result it* the "Correction to Bradley ." For the stura ruumcratcd below the correc- tions to declinations from lower culmination are given with reversed sign, as theniwve table deals with upper culmiuatiou only. Stars observed aub polo. Nutiio. a + 180° &:;. «''•'«-• Name. n + l80o Cor. to Ilrudli'y. WfiKlit. \ I'rom MiuoriH ... a llrviD Minoris ... A rrsin Minorio . .. Cmiiclo|>.(:t2H). f tlintu Minoris... C IJrsai Minoris ... o i:i9.r. 190.9 102.7 12.0 78.0 58.3 1 + .24 1 .4 : — l.Wi 2.0 ' +i.i;i j 1.0 —8.74 ! 1.0 , — .27 1.0 —2.85 j 1.0 . J Ci'pliei o 172. 4 84). (i lOH. 1 (i.-.. 2 101.9 1119. 1 + .W» -2. 24 + 1.17 -.^.(14 +2.04 - .24 .4 l!o 1.0 1.0 1.0 V' Priii'onJH (I |)riM' Uii;lit AmTiiHioii, nccortliiiu to whut liiw it Ih tlifUciilt tocoiii«cliii«>. 1 aiisiiinud lit tlrNt the HiinpUt |)i'riodi(! lorinulii ol' uorn-iiioM, X Hill a + y COM a. Tli« form of tliu «k>cliniitioii correction (onlor of ticcliiiation) ospecinlly for 80utlioru BtarH, apficarH to b« tolerably well n>|>roHeiitctl by the exprcHHioii — t' -f- ir 8iii 'J Z + u tan Z. For Houtiiorn stara alone the normal equationH are thcHc: II + 100.3 V + 77.2 tc - 0.0 J- + n.J) y + 1 11 « - 100.0 s + 77.2 r + «;!.r. ir - ;i.:« j- + a.n y + .s*_'.:» u - nr>.i = o • - 0,0 r- ;U !P + .W.O J' + 1.H.V- 0-'H+ ;jo.i=o + 5.0 I' + X'.) w + I.HX+ lO.O y + 4.'2 u + «.5 = + 111.0 P 4- 82.3 w - !».'_• J' + 1.2 y + 2».").2 u - 121.8 = From wiiieli — r = - 21 r= + l."»0 J = - .11 i^=- .2.^» H= + .08 / muiRed ill four nearly eciiial Bronps, we have the following values of r, r, niul y, the reHiduaU being first corrected for + 1".50 sin '2 Z + ".08 tan Z. Mean il 1 r X y Weight (if 1/. AdiipttMl y. o - i:i.o + 08. :i + a.->. (i + 4:1.4 — .-M — .07 — . i-i — .19 " — .17 — .."«•.' — .49 — .au — .88 - .7a + .09 + .:«} 10 10 11 10 — .98 — .48 — .(HI + .37 The «!on8tancy of » and x is as good as we might expect, but such is not the ciisci with y. Ill the uncertainty, I have supposed y to vary directly with the declination, and find — » = — HrO The ii|uations for iiortbeni stars are : // + 00.lt V - 27.0 ir - 13. 1 J- + 0.5 y - 28.!) « + 03.8 = - 27.0 I' + 20.3 ic + 1.3 X + 0.2 ,1/ + 21.5 tt - 3.">.2 = - 13.1 I' + 1.3 ir + 31.1 X - 1.8 y- 3.0 it - 13.7 = + .5 i> + 0.2 ir - 1 .8 J- + 20.8 y - 2.8 it + 1 7.2 = - 20.0 e + 21.5 ir — 3.0 .r — 2.8 y + I.3.0 11 - 31.5 = >H Ki 'Ml 494 UNITED STATUS NORTHEBN BOUNOAUY COMMISSION. 18«J Whence — » r = - .63 tr = + 1.25 T = + .04 y = - .01 « = - .35 The liiimbor of stars and the weights are too small to admit of any valid argument from the process of grouping; the residuals, however, are not remarkably well repre- sented by the forinida. The real correction is probably much more variable. The equality of the two values of w derived from northern and southern stars is quite striking. The smallness of u in each case is an argument that the refraction deduced by Bessel corresponds well with Br.idley's observations. For the definitive correction I have dropped u and combined the equations for both northern and southern stars. Two sets of coefficients for sin a and cos a are separately determined. For northern stars these are denoted by x" and .v'. y is introduced iuto the equations in order to eliminate its mean iufluoneo on the determination of the remaining quantities. The equation.^ follow. + 170.1 V + 49.() w — 13.1 x' + 0.5 y' — O.Gx + + 40.0 » + S3.8 /r + 1.3.1'+ 0.2 J/'- 3.3 a; + - 13.1 V + 1.3 tc + SLlx* - 1.8 2/' 0.0 je + 0.5 v+ 0.2 w- 1.8 «' + 20.8 2/' 0.0 x 0.0 V — 5.0 V + 3.3 n- 3.9 »r 0.0 y 0.0.1^ 0.0 y' + 59.0 X + 0.0 y+ 1.8a;+49.Gy + 5.9 i/- •m:2 = o 3.9 y — 121.0 = 0.0 y- 13.7 = 0.0 2/ + 1.82/ + 17.2 = 30.1 = 8.5 = The solution gives : .-= - .21 = + 1.5G = + .25 = - .57 = - .41 = - .25 .06 .10 .16 .16 .10 The probable error of the unit of weight is ± ".79. For northern stars it is i 1".03; and for southern ± ".05. These probable errors are somewhat larger than can fairly be ascribed to Bradley's declinations, since they include the eft'ect of the prebable error of the normal [tlaces themselves. In order to be on the safe side I have adopted the following weights in llnal discussion, the supposed ])robablo error of the unit being ± ".30, as will be explained hereafter. Weiftht. NumliiT , i.r -.1 4 to ao 21, ur niiiru. 189J liKPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMElf, APPENDIX U. 495 In computing Table V., weight .5 is assigned to 4 or more observations, and weight ..■J to loss than that number. Declinations of Qhlio2S5, from one observation are rejected. If the corrections above dete. lined are combined with those for nutation we liave — For northern stars (north of 51o.5 — 1..55 + 1.70 80 — 1.52 + 1.70 85 — 1.05 + 1.77 90 — 1.7;5 + 1.73 Not r;. — The corrections nro applicable to ileclina- tioiis (liroctly, whether ii'jserved above or below poli>. The entire correction for northern stars ia J + 11. B Corr. Il II It — .29 12 1 — .27 13 *> — .23 14 3 — .17 15 4 — .10 10 5 — .03 17 6 + .05 18 7 + .12 19 8 + .19 20 9 + 24 21 10 + 28 22 11 + 30 23 12 + 29 24 From Vl^ to SI'' the correction has the op|M)stit« sign. r\\ I.; "I !• ;.' I itifi I if [ ■■ i 496 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNJJARY COMMISSION. [90J 0». For stars south o/51°.5(5. A.II. DECLINATION. +50° 1+45° +40° +350 +J0= +25'= +80° +13^ +10° +0S° 1 +0«° + . 4a'+ . 5« i-l-.ie, ■ -■ '.iniX iou - .33- .15 - .5?- .31 - .10- .6: - .96:- .m ■i.oJ,- .ri -1.131- .10 -1.10- -1. 02- - .811- - .6s;- .44- .10 + .01;+ + .38+ .65 -I- .53+ .a + .W+.91 + . P8 +1. 05 -f .81-11.01 -I-.84+1.03 • .10+ .03 • .nii-f .11 ■ . 42+ . :ii + .m+i.2il+i..%a+i.io -fl.l2-|-l.39;4-l-C4-j-1.8li -(-I.S3+1.41-I-1.08+1 81 l.St'+1.4!l+1.01 1.88 4-1.40+1.01 l.ai-l-I.36+1.49 +1.8; ■i-i.r.! +1. Of +1.82+1.33+1.41 + . ill +1.04+1. 1:1 -fl. 20 -f- .11-1- .83+0.02'+ .99 G+1. 18 :.13-j-1.05 . 69+2. 01 1. 99+8. 15 !. 03+2. 10 (.01+2. 11 04+2.01 8d'4-l. 80 65-l-l.Uti 45+1.44 23 -f 1. 01+ .09 ■j- . 93-4- . 82! -f . t;ii ■ .13-1- .1)2 -f .41; ■ . .11 -I- . 4f -f . 3.1 ■ . 40 + . 39 -f . 2( + .00 + .69 -fl.l4 + .41+ .30 + .434- .41 -f.50^-f .52 -I-.8.;, +1.04 I -1.28+1.39 -1.. 12 4- 1. 65 -1.15:+1.8C +1.9.1+2.0*' -h2.-- '- -■ +2. -1.95 +2. Of' -2.Il-f8.22 -3.234-8.31 I +2. 21+8. 34 4-8. 854s. 89 4-2. 19 4-2. If +2.04+2.01 4-1. eo -fi. f 1 -f I. 64-1-1.56 40+1.3 lO-fl.O 93 4-0. 8 +1.40+1.31 +1.104-1.05 +0.93 4-0.68 + .20 -I- .34 + .4f + .61! + .01 +1.U t\: +8.1 .pj.2! +2. 30 +2. 30 +±2f +2.1-1 1.9,- .11 .44 I. IV .00 .00 i t . u .10 .12 .83 .40 h .02 p. 89 [-1.19 1.48 1.10 WJ t-a. 19 t-2. 32 1-8. 30 ta.34 2.2:1 3.06 t-1.84 -1..19 f-1.21 f- .98 I- .10 I- .46 -80° .21 .02 .09 .12 01 .06 .21 53 82 14 1.45 1.11 .99 +2. If +2.ai +2.32 cs i 1.61 1.38 00 ■ .45 ■ .81 .08: . .20 ■ .361 . ..31|. .30 .14 .10 + 30 11 +1.00 .30 .60 1.94 i +2.12 4-2.88 -1-2.83 hi. 10 $ 1.41 .15 .80 tit; - .08 .40 ..If .61 .66 - ..Kl - .31 - .10 + .88 -+ .94 +1.29 4-1.01 +1. 8ll J 8.04 2.13 8.12 +8.0;! -f 1. 83 4-1. 50 t 1.24 .Fi) .52 + .11 - .15 - .40 -8.1° - .15 - .oa -l.co - . 9' - .85 - .C3 - .in -1. W -1.89 -1.35 -1.31 -1.16 - .91 - .58 + . 02 - . 80 4- .40 +. .88 -I- . 60j -f- . 03 + 1.11 +;.02 +1.49 4-1.3U +-1.1.1 4-1.68 +1.!fJ -1-1.19 +8.00 +1.85 4-1.91 +1.81 +-1.K.- +1.C6 -f 1.0:1 4-1.41 -1-1.33 -1-1.08 . 98 + . "0 .001 4- -^ .201 - .13 I - .11 - .53 - .41l| - .85 - .151 -1.18 • Between -\-H° ami —14°, (!, the entire correction is, C+ ^iorrectiou taken with opposite sign from table, p. 02, Fund, Ant. SECTION VIII. i 1 ! DISCUSSION OF I'lNAL CORUKCTIONS AND WEIGHTS. With tbe correction just deduced, we shall be able to add u con; iderable imuiber of standard stars to the ILst euibraced in Table III. The place.s of ihe four cxtienie southern stars of Table I., as well a.s the additional stars of Tabl<' I! I,, will lie revised liy the addition of Gh, I751i^,or '55, as an authority. Forty fundanientul anil cireuin- polar stars of Table I. would not be materially alfected by this addition. For the present, their declinations as already corrected, will be regarded as stimdard. Two or three star.s, which should have been included in the list, were cuiitted by accident. The manner of deducing J S and J /j.' has been sufficiently explained under sections Yl. and VII. Their values will be found to bo not materially different from those flnally deduced. [91] DEPORT OF TOE CHIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX U. Table V. 497 Values of AS and J/x' adopted in computing final sijstematic corrections for the principal catalogues. Star's name. a AiKlromcdiD 13 CiiNsiopi'io y IVgiiHi C Cassiopi'io n CassioiM'iD B Cpti 1? Cassiiipo.'o y Cassio.icai c PisciiHH /3 Aiulruiucdu! a UrsiO Minoris . .. i! CVissiopi'iu fli CVIi 1/ Pisciiiiii M AiKlrnuicdiD 54 AndromedtD I'isriniii f Cassiopea) fl Ariel ia •)0 Crtssiopi'iD y Androincdn? n Arii'tis ji Triiiiiffiili *' (Vli «- Ceti y Cfli II C'l'ti .. /J I'frsi'i a Persi'i f Taiiri d r.Tsri r; Taiiri y Kridaiii e Taiiri a Tuiiri 4 Cnml Anriprn) « Aiiri^io li Orioina Tuiiri (I Oriouis Iril,-). N B- -32 + + + + + + + +1 + + + + + + + + + 4;i i:i 1-* 01 14 2(i i:i :il 01 I i:i j 40 I -1 I 41 I '.':i I :i7 i iiu' — .no +1.11 — .10 + .47 — .4:! + 1.20 + 1.(W +•-'. OH — .;!'J —1.117 — .20 + .H-i — . :".) —2. :!ii + .00 —2, !*2 —I] r.'J + .2.-, -1.7(1 +2.02 + .9i; — .(m — .;)■< — ..'■|7 + .40 + -1.14 4;t + .:« + .5d + .01 — .Kl + .01! — l.:i:> + .20 —2. 12 — .70 — .12 — .01 —1.14 — .M — .01 + . ;i.-. —1.1^ SlarN iiaiiii!. 1 Ijpporis c Orioiiis (I ('ri<)ni.s ;j AiiriKio !) Gpiniiioriim . . /I (it'iniiioniin . . J' Geininoniiti . . O.pll.M. (."ll 11) f Caiiis Alajoris C Gi'Milnoniiii . (! GiMiiiniinini . ji C'aiiis Miiinris K Gi'ininiinii]) . ,i GpiiiiiKiruiii . ip G(Miiinoriim . ft ArKUS ji Caiic.ri o IlrHfu Majoris (! Canori e llydrin L Ihsio Majuris rr- Ui'sa: Majofis K Caiicri " l.,vrii'is n llvdnp Ursru Majoris n L«>[ii,s e I-cmiis I' Ursic Jlajiiri.s Louis Li'onis I'lsa^ Majiiiia Ll'Dllis l'rsa> Jlajoris /) Ll'Dllis ri:i Leonis ,i Ursn> Ma.imis a y'vHX .Majiiris i^r Ursa' Majoris S Lronis... (! Crateris . r Lpoiiis . . . X Diiiconis. 1S4.'>. M — .14 + .02 — . 0.) + + .02 .40 + .72 — . 17 + .00 + .'^l — .21 + .01 — .10 — .;u + .00 + .o;i + .7,1 — . 12 — . 12 + .1:! — .li:! + .47 + .o;i + .;!;! — .:«) + .00 — .M + .20 — .2S — . m; + .20 + .02 — . 1.') + . 10 — , r,o — . 14 + .42 ^1'' + .17 — .24 — .02 — .00 + .21 — 1. \-> — L.-.9 — .07 +2. 00 — L.'->4 -2. 4H — .7:1 —1. ,'^il — .4:! -1.49 — . (12 + .04 + .9.-. —1.08 —2. .'■.4 — .2-2 +4. 40 —2. 72 — .20 — .78 + .00 — . 00 — 1..-.7 — .20 — . l.'i — I.IH + 1.40 -:!. 10 — 1. 11 — l.ll —2. 20 -2. Ki — . 4.''. — ..'Jl —2. 09 + .:iO — l.rtO +n. -is n 1 1 i s» '4' II II hi 498 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. [92] Table V — Continned, V I It! 11 ii 1: Star's name. V Leoiiis r ITi-siD Majoria. (3 Lroiiis ^ VirginiB y Vmei Majoris. Vir(jini» ..... d l7r»ieMnjoriB. t) Vir(;ini» li Corvi K DracoiiU H.A.C.4:M2 llrsin Mfljui'is I'niiiimVenaticorum. Virjjinis Vir);iuig C llrero Majoris. (, Virjjiiiis tl llmeMajoria. ri Kootis a Draconis..... Bool IB , liootis . Buotia , Bootia . Boot is . \ P r r> ITrsie Minoria f' Bootia n' Librie ^ ViHiD Miuoris . ;3 Bootia fi Libric /i Btmtia )' UiwB Minoria ( Dnicoiiia a CoroniB Borviilia . . . n Serpentis e StTiH'ntis C I'iKte Minoria . i Scorpii (3' 8cori)ii () nraponia i Opliiituhi T llurrulia n Scorpii II Urnconia Ifi Prnconia. a lU'ri'ulla . ( Iletviilla . II lierciilia . It Opiiiiiobi 184S. AA — .08 + .04 + .26 — .01 + .ao — .40 — .14 — .39 — .34 — .C3 + .r.7 + .31 — .Otl — .(W + .11-. + .00 — .33 + .10 — .21 + .'.'3 — .23 — .43 — .14 + .a-2 + l.ll!i + .03 — . 0'.t + .0.-. — .07 — .02 + .04 — .30 — .10 + .la — .02 + .03 — .'ii — .13 + .01 +1.03 + .03 — .34 — .30 — .0,') + .10 .01 .17 .03 .09 .01 :iii' -fi.os — .43 —2. 44 —1.00 —3. 54 — .10 — 1.-(! — .00 +9.60 +3. +3. — 1, + ■ o —I — 1 + —2. 02 + 1.03 — .-0 -1.14 —1.41 +3. 32 + .2.-J -1.87 +1.0.-. — .70 — 1 —1.85 — .39 —2.74 — r.. 77 + .73 + .r,9 — .30 — i.v:o — .48 + .84 + .45 + .28 —3. 00 — .39 Star's name. f Horcnlis , r IJi'sio Minoria , a' lIi'iTiilia f,'' lliTculia . iJraeonia. a Opbiiicbi u iJracouia. /I llorcniia. ^' Dracouia . y Uracouis Sagittnrii ... . IJi'MU Minoria Si'rponlia IJriicoiiis i^y"« Lvrro L.viio Sa({ittarii. . Dracouia... AquiliD X Aqnilia . . C Acpiilio . . A Diuciuiia. K Cysiii ... r Dracouia . (I AqiiiliD t' C'yuiii 1 AquiliB i;.V(jni y Aiiuilio d n /3 X Cysni A<|niln) Ac|iiil;o Ihsiiu Minoria t-'yB'i' • n' Tapricorni . K Ccphoi y t'.vKMi Ccplici a JJclpbint... a C.VRni . f (',v;;iil . ri Ccplici. H Ai|iiarii V Cyjjui - Ol'CvKiii C <;.N«»i a (Jcplici (i .\qnarii (3 Ci'pbci 1845. AJ + .35 + .19 + .20 — .11 + .13 + + + + + + + + + + .11 .31 .02 .01 .05 .42 .01 .36 .46 .36 .08 .21 .02 .25 .23 .13 .13 .11 .33 .42 .05 .03 —1.27 — . 45 + .00 + .20 + .04 — .14 + .26 — .21 — .30 + .36 + .42 .10 .61 + + + .03 + 1.89 — .39 — .(W —2. .-)7 + .01 — . 45 — .07 + .07 — .01 •i/i' —2.31 — .03 — .34 —1. 14 + .41 —1.05 + 1.76 — 1.47 + .r.9 + .35 + .34 + .66 —2. 02 + .08 —1.63 + .91 —2. 85 — . 05 — .84 + .35 — .73 — .47 + .81 + .00 + 1.17 + .45 — .43 —2.81 +1.85 — .25 —2. 61 — .10 — .74 +1. 18 + .40 + .-.3 +2. 50 —1.97 + .74 —1.70 — .R-t -2.41 + 1.37 —2. Ml +1.41 + .10 — 1.39 + 1.08 — .34 +1. 33 193J REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX H. 499 Table V— Contiimod. Star's uamo. ISlf). e Pi'gasi .. V Ueplici.. IC IVgasi .. a Aquaiit. C Cepliei.. Aquarii. y Aquarii . d' Ceplici.. a Luccrlie ri Aquurii . + .04 — . l:! + .00 — .10 + .'.'I — . :ui — .Ki + .00 4- AM — .(iO •i/'' — .«■) + l.i.'0 — .7-> — .40 —1.09 — I.T)!! + .4i) + 1.77 — .4;t +•,'.•.'0 Star's II iinio. ) Pocasi ^ IVsasi 1 Ccpliii X Aquarii (I Pi»eiti AuHtralisi a Pfgimi , o Ci'plioi... ( Pisi'iiiiii y ("I'plu'i , u Pieuiuiii 1845. A6 J/i' — . 4(> — . 10 4- .07 — .:i7 — .(i(i + . ;i:t + ..Ml — . .^4 4- .04 — .17 +9. 01 — .01 + l.t!0 —i. 07 +1.75 —1. 83 +4. (>:i +1.21 +1. Vi —1.04 The general coiulition in the selection of the stars of Table V. is, that the weight of J n' as determined by the adopted weights (p. 72) shall be at least .5. In two or three instances it fell below this amount by trilling quantities. Column ('„ "Details of Cor- rections to Assumed Declinations," contains the values of C, corrected for the proper quantities taken from Tables II. niid IV. From these J S and 4 n' arc computed. With the help of J 5 and J //, the correction to the assumed declination was computed for every epoch required. Denoting the.se corrections by J S', we have: r = J .5' — C. These are the corrections* to various catalogues ^iven by the standard declina- tions of Table V; and from these, arranged by catalogues and successively in the order of declination and right ascension, the delinitive systi'uiatic corrections are derived for all catalogues ; a few excepted which were of small weight, or which con- tained few observations of standard stars. Determination of Definitive Systematic Corrections and teeights. For convenience the residuals were combined in groups embracing generally not more than fP, when discussed in order of declination, and two iiours in order of right ascension. To effect these combinations, weights arc assigned in each particular case, which are based either ci f "viial investigations made in tills paper, or elsewhere; or uiHin an empirical la,-- >' -.i id fron* ;: consideration of the circumstances surrounding the observations, or their reduction The usual form of this law has been : e=, + L n Where E is the probable error of a single observation, or of the unit of weight, aulaces under consideration, and was always such, that the relative weights could be clearly represented by circles drawn about the points to which they respectively belong. It was my original intention to investigate nearly all the corrections by the use of periodic formula) ; but the time at my disposal proved too limited lor the purpose, and it may be doubted whether such a course is really desirable lor the corrections which depend upon the order ot' declination. Extreme accuracy is not to bo expected in the corrections derived from graphic process. The temptation to make abru|)t changes in direction of the curve, iu order to represent what may bo mere accidental accumulation of errors, has been steadily resisted. On the other hand, where even a slight peculiarity is found to be persistent for a number of catalogues under the same circumstances [i. c, at the same ob.serva- tory or with the same instrument), it has been respected. Such peculiarities have been noticed in tho later Greenwich and liadclllfe catalogues, and in others. Theoretical considerations have sometimes received weight in deciding tho general direction of curves, especially where refraction exerts an imi)ortant inlluence. Corrections depending on right ascension have generally been viewed with suspi- cion. In many cases, however, they arc iniporlaiit and clearly indicated, and in others they might have been safely expected. \Vhere tho correction appears to follow approximately the same law iu succcssivi^ catalogues of the ^amo series we may adopt it without hesitation. The s^eparation of the lesiduals into two or more zones hiis always been made before accepting a correction as definitive. The adopted form, — xhm a -f y cos a, has some support in theory, and is hero invariably adopted in corrections of this class. Corrections to Declinations from— S0° to —90°. Tlio continuation of tho curves of correction from — 'M° to — 00° offers only a rough api)roximation. The corrections to C. G. II. 31, S. II. .il, ('. G. II. 3;!, 8o 51, So 05, C. G. II. 58, Mo 02, and Me 08, were 11 rst approximately determined between the limits — 10° and— ."0°. These approximations are almost identically those of the linal table, and are formed on the same basis — the oidy ditl'erence being that tlie general direction of the curve of correction was better ascertained alter its api)roxIr...i;e character was known for tho southern limit. A value of the correction being assumed for declination —30°, the remaining values were directly interpolated from this point, so as to have tho value zero at declination — 91)3. These preliminary values are in some cases quite different from those of the definitive table (IX.). The following table contains these prelimi- nary corrections as actually used. Under the designation of each authority, is also given tho weight assigned to it in the discussion of J S and A n'. Wlien the number " observations is three or four, tho weight is one-half that which otherwise wonld [95J KEPOUT OF TflK CnilJF ASTRONO.MEll, APPENDIX II. 501 Lave been assigned; wLeu it is two, tlie woigLt is tliree-tentlis, aud one observiitioii is always rejeoted. Taklk VI. 7 — 40 00 + . iJ + .7.-. + .(i7 — .1-,' 00 + .7:t — . IH — .'^lO 00 + .:!l + .00 + ..-.;( — .:il 00 + .M — .;!H — (U) 00 + .-J.-. + . ir. + ..io — .-J,'. 00 + .11 — .'JO — -0 00 + .17 + .:io + .-^0 - .17 00 + .ii'J — .10 — 80 00 + .OS + . ir. + .1:! — .0-1 00 + . 1.'. — .10 — ao 00 + 00 (JO UO 00 00 00 00 Weight.. 1 o o o o 4 2 3 • The corrections S. II. 31 nre apiilieablo directly to ciitalogno plnees. For couvenience, tiao epoch of J J is taken for these few stars at 1850. Tlio values of J 5 and J /i' thus determined, are shown in Table VII., which contains only stars whose declinations are given both in S. 11.31 and C.G. 11.33. TA15LE VII. First approximation to J<5 and J,u' for stars hetircen — 30° and — 90°. Star's name. i(! iK')n. (i Ilydri — .t)i y I'iKiMiicis -f (I Ki'iduni -\- «' KriiliUii n Coliiniluu , /J Ci)Iiiiiiba) n Ar(;us f Ar^iia A Artjiis , I Argus i; Argus /) Ohiimeleoutis n' Criicis ii C'eiilauri i -\- a' Ceutauri j -|- a Triimg. Autilrulis + .7-J t/ Seorpii — . I'J a OitiiiUis [4- . 11] II I'livouis 4- . 10 Uruis — . ;I7 + . i:i .:'.l .07 . I'.! . o,-> . :!-• .(H .-.il . l.'i I. i:! .r.l "Jii! 17. 7. If,. 10. 1.'.. II. 17. ill! i-i. Hi. 10. 1-'. 10. i:i. 11. 9. S/i' 11. IJ. + +1. — 1. + . t- . 't +2. t' "V r,7 .32 71 .H i:! .3> m .•2i .:w H,-) . y.") I)-.' .3-.i 70 .'-'1 l:! o-j 30 . ii.'> 43 .26 01 .27 00 . -".» •J7 . '*2 '.'-< . yj M .y? y:) .'JO 'in yo '".'•Jti" 00 .26 it [•HI I estimate the probable error of the unit of weight to be ± .1. This would give for average probable error of J i5 ± .1, and for J /i' i .S. In di.scussing the probable error of the unit of weight for e.uch catalogue, tho stare from — 3(P to — 90° were not used in any case. 502 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. [96J Discusiiion of Indieidual Catalogues. The («xainiiiiition of tho syHteinaticcui'icctioiisnnd iirobiiblo errors of each cntaloguo will now bo iirosented. A brief explanation will probably sulUco to mnko tlie process easily understood. Tlio relative weights of tho individual values of r for a given catalogue, were first assigned, usually, by deciding upon a value for—. The following table is constructed with tho arguments, number of observations, and -, where c is that part of tho probiiblo error, which is supposed to diminish in proportion to 1 V» ,.» being number of observations, and e, tho minimum probable error, or probable error when » is a masimuni. Table VIII. ; I i : f =a '- = 3 '.^i ', r, ', n n' n it' » e 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 2 and 3 2 2 3 1 2 2 4 2.5 3 2.5 ! 3 ami 4 3 5 to 9 3 4 3 5 4 10 to 35 4 5 to 7 4 C and 7 5 30, or more. 5 8 to It 5 8 and 9 6 I'J to 10 ! to to 12 7 17 to 'J7 .r 13 to 16 8 28 to 51 ri ' 17 to 20 9 W2, or nioro. 9 i 1 21 to 25 20 to 33 34 to 44 45 to 02 03 to 92 93, or ii:oro. 10 11 12 13 14 15 With tho chosen weights, tho values of r were combined in order of declination into convenient groups, ro, embracing generally not more than 5° of declination. From these the curve is carefully drawn. Tho values in column Co aro taken from this curve. Tho outstanding residuals r' (formed by subtracting from the individual values of r the correction from tho curve) are then arranged in order of right ascension and in groups, embracing each about two hours. Jlean a is usually given to nearest hour, unless tho fractional difference is more than two or three tenths. In discussion, the nearest degree of a was taken. In order to fiicilitato esaniiiiation, the corrections in order of a have been in all cases arranged in two or more xoncs of declination, but where such an arrangement is of no particular interest it is hero omitted. In a few cases the correction in order of declination has been rediscnsscd after subtracting from r the respective values of x siu a + y cos a, but this Las not usually been considered necessary. Ftillowing tho discussion of correction of each catalogue is a statement of the probable error, derived from the outstanding residuals alter subtracting the proper .:!B1E3-3^«SJ^' [97] REPORT OF TOE CniEF ASTKONOMER, APPENDIX D. 503 systematic correction from the scpiirate values of r. The result of no star was taken, which at the given observatory culminates at a zenith distance greater than 70°. These probable errors arc somewhat too small Tor the catalogues used in forming Table Y., and slightly too large for all others. Tlic former diOiculty is remedied in a few instances by the adoption of probable errors f )unded on special tliscussions. Kg 21, Dt 24, Pa 45, Wu 08, and Wn 72, are examples of this kind. These probable errors are, of course, not the absolute probablo errors ; they express simply liability to fortu- itous errors, after systematic corrections have been applied. They are required for the purpose of constructing a table of relative weights to be used in the discussion of definitive ])lace8. In deriving the probable error (IJ) of a single observation, a quantity m was always subtracted from the number of residuals before dividing the sum of squares multiplied by weights — that is, the probable error of the unit is derived on the estimate that an equal degree of accordance could have been secured with a formula of correction con- taining m terms. Po 1800. Each declination is supposed to bo entitled to the same weight, embrace each about 2o of 8. Residuals in order of declinati'jn. The groups Mean <^ n' To To M«iiii ■> t' I'O r„ o II ■/ L' // II + 8().7 r> — .yrt .00 + y;i.9 4 - 1.70 — 1.22 + 7(>.;i c + .90 .00 4- 22. 1 f'l - .88 — 1.27 -f 7-J.O t, - .71 .00 -f- 19. (i (■> — .94 — 1.41 -f est. 5 4 - ..^.4 .00 + 1-..:) H — 2.02 - 1.83 + (i7.2 4 + .-i6 .00 1 + IXf) .5 — 2. 17 — 1.8.^> + (....:i a + .15 .00 ■ -f 10.1! u — 1.79 — l.C.l 4- (!■-'. 7 + .;iu .00 , +■ 8.4 8 — l.Xi — i.no + r.<).7 8 - .11 .00 + (i.»i r> — .20 — 1.20 + .^7.:i H — .ai - .0.-) ! + :'.« 7 — .71 — 1.13 -i- f>ri.:t :! + .12 — .0.-1 1 - o..--. 7 — 2. 04 — 1.59 -f r..'.-t 7 + . li) — . ir. ' — ;i. (i f) — 2. 72 — 2. 04 + 4'X 1 4 — .(!0 — *J*J 1 — 7.2 :i — 2.20 - 2.24 -f 41). 8 5 -.:to — '.w — 9.1 1 - i.7t; — 2. 22 + 41..-) t; — .8-J — ..M - 14. 1 4 — 2. 40 - 1.79 + 41.7 .^ — .24 — .90 — \<<.l ;i - .80 — 1.25 + wx-. 7 -1.19 — 1.04 — 22. 4 4 - 1.12 — 1.05 + :i7.7 :i — :t. :!;i -1.19 1 - 27. 1 :i - l.O-t — 1.00 + ;ii.o (> -2. 0.-) —1.44 — :!(). 1 - 1.40 — 1.00 + ;ii.4 ;! —1. 19 —1. 4:) -:r..o *> + .08 — 1.00 + '-'■<. 4 li — , *7 — 1.;!0 ! - 42. 1 fp — 2.21 — 1.00 4- •■.'(>. 4 — l.;!:l —1.21! III drawiiif; the curve niiieh a-ssistanee was derived from the comparison of Ao 29 and Po 1800, made by Argelaiider (.Vbo Catalogae, p. xi). If we denote by ii the cor- rection to Gil 1755, and by jS' the deliiiitive collection to Ao 29 (Table IX.), we shall have 29 74 "9 (,9_,5') + ,5' for stars south of 51^.5 declination, and ^ (i^ — z^') -f fi' for the remain- tier, as the correction to be applied to the comparison. The drawing of tho curve proved to be extremely diQicult, but its values are adopted in the discussion of all stars except tho few reserved for treatment with catalogues of Class III. The separate outstanding residuals, grou[)ed in the order of a, give: — M I .■ f ; I ■J I i 'm I !! 504 UNITED STATES NORTQERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. [98] licsiduata in order of right aaccmion. Ui'i'linuliciii liiiillH. Dt'C'linntion liiiiitH. Di'clinatloii 1 niitx. — -M- V> + 10^ — ;!0^ to 4- ti'J - UOJ tu + OOiJ Mono —' lo' -■ lo' :r' rj <■«' A. " 1 // II 1 a + .IS y + .90 8;i + .n5 - .04 3 7 + ..M :i + .17 10 + .42 + .25 :, 10 + .(i:l 1 + .90 Hi + .10 + .41) 7 \i + . 11 •2 — .W) i:i + .20 + .no i) '.» + .117 1 + 1.00 14 + .71 + .no 11 10 — .11 1 — . + .no 20 + . r.2 — .2.-I 17 10 — .01 'i — .,-0 10 — .89 — .40 19 i:i — .00 5 — .h-i •^1 — .B9 — .50 •Jl 11 — .01 4 — .00 21 — . ;i9 - ..'■.0 y:» 10 — . o;i r. — .74 l(i — .47 — .31 The viilue.s of >•„' taken between the limits — 3(1° and + 00° of ikcliiiation give tbe following correction: — - "M + (".53 ± ".085) siu a - (".IS ± ".085) coa a. The fominl.'i reduces the sums of squares from 351" to 312". With hi = 10, i; = i ".85. To derive the final curve (order of (5) for use with stars of Section X., the resid- uals resulting Ironi the delinitive places of 380 stars were first diminished by the value of the pel iodic term + ".53 sin a — ".18 cos a. The result of no star is accepted where the probable error of J/i' is cstima'ed to bo greater than ".8, and where the same is between ".0 and "A the corresponding residual is given half weight. Never more than 5^, and generally not more than 4°, of declination were included in a single group. The results follow : — Jivsidiialu ill order of deeUnation. Mean i5 TT- Co i Mi'aii (t n' >o" Co o „ i o // // + 8;-. 7* -.15 + .13 1 + 21 85 — 1.22 — I..n7 + 78 + .-1 + .30 + 10 10 — 2. 03 — 1.02 + 73 12 + .30 + .47 + 11 14 — 1.M4 — 1.40 + liO 10 + .44 + .52 + 20 — .W) - 1.30 + (14 12 + .K-. + .51 + 1 12 — 1.43 — 1.51 + no 20 + .31 + .45 — 5 i) — 2. 17 — 1.H0 + 51 1.-. + .35 + 30 — 11 — 2. 05 — 1.04 + 40 23 + .17 + .1-2 — 14 5 — 2. 18 — 1.85 + 44 10 — .•-';) - .10 — 19 5 — .70 — 1..50 + 30 30 — 1.21 — .<) — 23 5 — 1.70 — 1.30 + 34 10 — I.4i -1.04 — 28 — .78 — l.ll + 30 20 — .72 -1.10 — 35 •i — .70 — 1.21 + 20 22 —1.30 —1.41 — 42 u — 2. 08 — 1.5 * Fularis is givuu weigbt 2. rooj REPORT OP TOE CUIEP ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX H. 505 Of the 380 Htara omidojeil, 50 received weigbt ..'5. The carve is still very uncertuin. From Oo to 40o tlecliuatioii it is particularly uiisatiisfactory. Uj making abrupt changes in the direction of the curve at + 3jo, + 30°, + 10°, and + 5°, the observations would bo much better rei)resented. I did not, however, feel justifled in taking this course. The plus residuals from 40° to 90° average much larger than iu the former discussion. This appears to bo almost solely duo to acLideiital causes. Uad rj' been constructed without correction for terras in «, the plus residuals would have been reduced less than one-tenth of a second. The probable error of the unit of weight, using only the 3:^9 residuals with weight 1, north of - 30o, is i ".78, and considerably smaller than before. For stars from + 40° to + 90^ it is ± ".88, + 30° to + 40° ± 1".02, and from — 30o to + 30^ ± ".GC. I did not think It worth while to repeat the investigation of terms in a. Bh 1810. From ro a preliminary correction was derived and used before discussing terms iu a. Column rj< is formed, taking into account the effect of these terms. Co contains values derived from the definitive curve. Ecsiduats in order of declination. Moan i „/ >\> >-a" c 80.5 21 + .;r, 11 + .07 + .10 £ 7(i. a ai + .1)0 + . :!S + .:iO 7 = 2 70.8 :t3 + .r,7 + .:;a + .:!t CO. .■> 2J - .o-f + .--'5 + .I'J 00.8 M + .10 .(10 + .111 50.7 50 - .01 — .IIS — An 50. a 05 + .25 + .IS + .10 45. C 65 + .on + .OS + . 10 iO.'i 57 + .06 — .01 .00 The residuals are arranged in order of a without separation into zones of S. As has been stated, they result from the use of a preliminary correction derived from column ro. Residuals in order of right ascension. Mean ::' >o ft. It O.'JO 4r) — .10 3. 23 lis — .00 5. 0'J 34 - .13 9. :i4 30 -1.20 11.78 4S — .30 14.48 4!) — .10 10.7fl r>2 + .10 10. (ill 73 + .73 22. 30 37 + .57 The discussion gives, iu fair accordance with those of Argelander and Auwers, this correctioQ : -".080 i ".054 - (".534 ± ".077) sin a + (".404 ± ".073) cos a. !l 4 ?!' r-i- 606 UNITED STATES NORTnEUN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. [lOOj With m SB 7, wo have: — JJ=± l".03.» Kg 21. VVittaiu the groaps the vnriutioii in prcclaion in fliniill. Each r ia therefore given weight 1. liesiduah in order of declination. Menu it n' ro Co II II 11 + fi7.0 — .i:i + .01 + 7(i, (1 — .00 + .OH + 70.8 + .;i7 + .12 + (10. a + .on + .l« + M. :i + .:i'J + .17 + f.l. I — .(i;i + .14 + 41.7 — .0? + .09 + 40.0 + .12 + .00 + aai + .21) + .0(1 + si.;i — .OH + .10 + u.r. + .07 + .i:i + ti.a + .10 + .17 + 4.0 + .:Hi + .20 — 1.1 + .44 + .27 — y.i + .29 + .41 - ll.S + .:m + ..'.:t — 27.0 •i +1.25 + .B4 With catnlogae probable errors as au argument, and with the probable error of unit of weight ± .30, taking m = 4, we have from tlie outstanding residuals E= ± .30. The probable errors given in the catalogue are therefor ' ado|)ted in the construction of definitive weights. Residuals in order of right ascension. Declinntinn limits. ~30oto+00o Di^cliniition limits. — 30^ to+90o Mean a it' j ro Mean a V I-,/ 1 3 5 7 9 U 6 a 7 1 2 5 + .15 — .13 — .21 + .10 — .05 + .26 13 15 17 19 21 83 3 8 8 8 8 4 // ^ .0) — .23 — .Ort — • (V + ■ it + .08 ' In forming an opinion as to the precision of (bo declination ilctermications of various catalogaes it is, of conrse, necesnary to consider tlio valno of E in connection with tbo ratio -. In many cases the Tala weights correspond to tbe probable errors of the catalogue, and the unit of weight, to a probable error of i: ".'25. J.jsiduaU in order of declination. Mean i1 Tz' lo Co o // // + 80.5 10 - .07 - .04 - - 70. 3 11 — .04 - .10 -- 7i.l 13 - .27 — .20 -- C6.1 11 — .ly — .23 -- Ot.4 10 — .112 - .25 - r.6.4 10 — .20 — .27 -- 50.4 18 — .25 — .25 - 45. a 12 — .23 — .22 + 40.0 13 — .23 - .13 -- 32.1 3 — .T4 — .14 - 28.1 8 - .09 — .13 + 21.3 4 + .14 — .14 + 14.0 14 - .19 — .22 + 8.2 8 — .48 — .32 + 4.0 G — .(iO — .40 - 1.1 2 — . :.o — .51 — 9.1 — .49 — .70 — 14. 1 — .ro — .P2 — 20.1 a —1.32 Ezclading a and 3 Ursaj Miuoria, and with m = 4, wo have: — E=± ".20. . The catalogue probable errors are adopted. m If 'I U ,•1 I' i ii 508 JNITED STATES NOETDEEN BOONDAEY COMMISSION. Residuals in order of right asccimon. (1021 Uoclinntioii limits. — ■M'^ to + \MP Dcclitmtiui. liinita. — :toa to + OOO Mean a 77' Co' Moau u n-' lo' 1 :! 'J 11 in 17 11 I'J — .00 + .00 — .10 + .:>o + .11 — .02 13 ir. 17 10 21 23 Iti SI lU 18 Id 11 + .OJ — .02 — .or + .12 Va 29. Eaoli r receives weight 1. Residuals in order of declination. Moan (^ -' »o <\. o ,, „ + TI.8 1 + .no + .40 + OlMt 1 + .SI + .40 + OJ.'J ») — .31) + .40 + :.,-.. 1 4) + ..-^0 + .:!o + TiO. ,! •.\ + .01 + .31 + 45.0 o — .03 + .v!4 + 3S.7 I + .-1 + .14 + --'H. 1 1 — . 10 — . 08 + •Ji.;i • ) — .31 — . 10 + 11.3 t + A'o — .15 + e.'i 4 — .14 — .13 + 4.S i* — .08 - .10 — I.l 1 - . ,-.3 - .Oli — 0.1 3 — .13 — .01 No attempt is made to discuss terms in a. With m = 4, wo have: 17 = ± ",47. fl03] REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX H. 509 Ao 29. IfesiduaJs in order of declination. >fl"IIIl (t ./ I'll Co // II + 88.9 7 + .20 00 t + 71.. fi :i;J + .1)0 00 ir^ + 71.0 :u - .01 00 + G!i. :t ;!:» + .02 00 + fil.3 CO — .0.-1 00 + r>c...') r.8 — .02 00 + r.n.G 74 + .Oil — .«ri + 4:..ti it — .i:i — .07 + :ii>.:i m — .15 - .14 + :ti.o Ui — .21 - .17 + 27.4 47 — .20 - .24 4- 20. !t 4:1 - .;!0 — .28 + 11.4 (H — .;!;? — . w-i + K4 41 - .:i2 - .:!8 + 4.(1 :.;i - .47 — .44 — 1..". 2.'. — .07 — .51 — !>. 1 27 — .,^8 — .(!(•) — 14.0 21 — .83 — .70 — 18. S ii — . wa — .70 — 2(i. 1 -.70 Willi «i =4, we Imvo: — /•: = I- "AC<. Renldiuih in order of right ascenxlon. Docliimtiim limits. — -.Ul" to + iUV noolin.ition limits. _ ;!i)^' III + '.HP Moiui (J -' r„ Mean n h. I:! 15 1. 10 21 2;^ -' lo' h. ;! 7 11 nn "2 '.) 71 70 - . Ki - 0.-. - . 02 .00 + .;ti .00 40 00 hO 88 0' fjti + .118 + .02 + .Oti — .10 + .07 — .05 y '? ii 'A I' 510 UNITED STAIES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. Gh 30. Each r is given equal weigbt. Residuals in order of declination. [104] Meau 3 ff' To Co o // // + m.3 + .55 + .11 + 70.7 5 — .18 + .15 + 70.8 9 + .22 + .13 -t- 00. M 4 — .17 + .09 + 00.8 15 - .o.-> + .03 + 57.5 10 — .18 — .06 + 50.9 14 + .03 — .28 + 45.7 12 — .47 — .50 + 30.9 10 —1.00 — .76 + 33. 1 9 —1.14 —1.02 + 27.8 11 —1.29 -1.19 + 81.2 14 — 1.0',» -1.29 + 14.6 13 -1.51 —1.31 + 9.0 19 —1. 30 - 1. 31 + 4.1 9 —1.11 —1.34 - 1.8 12 —1.51 —1.41 — 8.5 10 —1.83 —1.62 — 14.1 4 —2.00 — l.iii — 1H.7 3 —2. 10 —2. 36 — 22. 4 4 —2. 75 —2. (,7 — 27.9 4 —2.9 -2.9 — 34.1 1 +9.3 With «t = 5, we have: — 11= ± ".33. Residuals in order of right ascension. Declinntion limits. Declination limitn. Declinntion limits. -300 1,0+6° + 400 10 — 30° — 30O to+iH)o Mean a ir* ro' t' i »o' 7r' .■o' h. u // tt 1 2 — . 25 11 + . 15 21 + .20 3 3 + .43 7 -- .84 10 + .18 5 4 + .57 10 + .12 16 — .04 7 a + .50 12 + .13 13 + .33 9 1 — .30 9 — .10 13 + .06 U 4 — .10 10 — .14 19 — .07 13 6 + .12 7 + .09 13 ,00 15 5 + .32 12 + .03 20 — .04 17 2 — .HO 10 - .4.-. 20 — .35 19 5 — .00 13 — .l.j 21 — .03 81 4 — .17 10 — .18 20 — .10 23 5 + .30 + .17 14 + .08 A small correction, depciuliug on the right asccusion, may be indicated, discussion was not, however, undertaken. The [105] REPORT OP THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX H. 511 C. G. H. 31. Residuals in order of declination. Mean 6 V ro Co o II // + ia.7 2 — .88 + .35 t + 8.2 9 + .00 + .35 Tr^- + 3.3 3 + .01 + .:j5 — 0.7 — 8.4 — 17.9 7 11 2 + .;,5 -1- .a? +1.02 + .35 + .35 + .:«> For the last flvo m-onps the weights are estimated. — 21. 1 4 — .00 + .35 — 26.5 3 + .Cl + .35 — 35.0 2 +1.03 + .17 -41.4 2 - .51 + .03 — 52. 1 + .33 .00 — r)9. 9 5 - .40 .00 — 78.1 1 + .90 .00 The correction ia extremely uncertain, owinpf to the small number of observations, as well as large probable error. The value of J is estimated to be ± 1".2. The declinations have not been employed in the reduction of any stars between the limits of declination + 90o and — 30.° S. H. 31. The values of r are applicable to tlie catalogue places as rednced with Young's refractions. Residuals in order of declination. Mean d rr' 'o ''o // // + 73. 1 15 + 1.0 + 1.30 t + 65.1 4 + .1 + 1.30 r=2 + 02. 4 10 + 1.37 + 1.30 + 56. 2 11 + 1.20 + 1.30 + 51.0 19 + 1.70 + 1..30 + 44.7 7 + 1.20 + 1.30 + 38.7 8 + .90 + 1.30 + 33.2 (i + 1.21 + 1.30 + 27. 9 33 + 1. IS + 1..30 + 21. 3 18 + 1.K-, + 1.30 + 14.0 53 + 1.20 + 1.30 + 82 35 + 1.(0 + 1.20 + 4.1 24 + 1.35 + 1.21 — 2.4 65 + .79 + 1.13 — 8.5 70 + 1.22 + 1.00 — 14.1 30 + 1.32 + .86 — 18.5 18 + .24 + .74 — 2.;. 9 17 — 1.09 + . 05 — 2-1. 1 31 + .71 + .01 — 35. o — .13 + .00 — 42.1 r + .09 + .00 — 50. 4 o + 1,41 + .00 - 59.2 + .on + .41 — 74.8 3 + .14 + .35 w n \ s , .11 it"n, \i ! 512 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. [106] There appears to be a welliuaiked correction depending on a, as is eliown in the following table: — Residuals in order of right ascension. DecliDtition limits Dccliimtiou limits Declin.ntioii liiiills — aoo to + 0° + 50 to +00° - -300 to +00° Meau a tt' lo Mt'iin (1 tt' III Mean » -■ 1 ) h. // h. , />. 1.0 IG + .2.-) 23. H 29 + .58 O.T 40 + .40 3.3 16 + .73 2.5 Hi + .98 3.0 32 + .80 5.H 2o + .20 5.2 U- + .30 5.7 42 + .02 7.4 14 .HI) 7.0 .1. .10 8.3 21 .25 •J. 3 9 — .10 11.2 ■^ .75 11.3 31 — .40 11.2 7 + ..'•>0 13.2 31 .10 i:i.O tM .39 11.9 34 .38 U..5 09 .00 K>.G 44 — .01 H.O 30 — 12 18.2 52 — .23 1H.. 1 5 + .04 + .32 — r,5. 1 2 — .00 + .05 — r,!). i» 7 + .04 + .01 — 75. 1 3 — .11 — .09 With m = G, we have: — i; = + ".30. [1071 BEPOET OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX H. Beaiduals in order of right ascension. 513 Decliuation limits. + 40Oto — 30<^ Declination limits. + 40" to — 30° Mean a n' ro' Mean a n- ro' h. 0.35 3.00 5.41 7. CO 10.67 5 5 8 5 7 ±:1"3 ±■1 + .09 h. 13.40 15. 53 18.31 19.72 22.06 4 9 7 5 7 + .25 + .02 + .09 — .04 — .33 Ce 34. Ecsiduals in order of declination. Mean d it' >-o Co o „ „ + 87.3 25 — .08 .00 1=3 + 75.5 14 + .06 — .04 + 69.7 14 — .2r. — .14 + 66.2 17 — .18 — .24 + 61.2 31 — . .W — .38 + .lao 43 — .25^ — .52 + 50. 3 23 — .71 — .70 + 45. 21 — .87 — .78 + ^9 4 15 — .79 — .83 + 33.2 8 — . Ol — .82 + 27. 8 48 — .>':\ — .86 + 20. 4 50 — . 4C, — .56 + 14.3 52 — .47 — .39 + 8.5 57 — . '-'5 — .36 + 4.1 24 — .46 — .40 - 0.8 22 — .19 — .49 - 8.4 36 — . 85 — .70 — 14.0 12 —1. 22 — .85 '■ — 19.2 10 — .62 — .96 — 21. 7 9 — .79 — .99 — 2K. 4 13 —1.25 —1.00 34 1 t) —1.4 With TO = 6, we have: — N B 33 E ± ".70. «t i \>% i<« k^' 514 UNITED STATES NOUTIIEliN BOUNUAUY COMMISSION. liesiduals in order of right uncennion. [I OS) Declination limitti. Dirliim ion limits. Dcclinntion limits. UerlinntionliiiiitH + 40oto- -30O H-40'^t,o + U0O — -.m to + .V — 300 to + 900 Mvilli a n-' r.,' tt' ro' n,' t' )■„' A. 1 ;i5 + .11) ■M — .-Jit ;i - .70 07 — .01 :i • J>> + .r.ri 10 — . 44 8 + .:!0 ;t3 + .30 ii ;ii — .V!l 11 — .;!5 5 — .i.'0 43 — .35 7 '-'I + .01 24 + .04 I) '*'* + . :i-J Ti — . no rt + .40 37 + .33 11 •.\i + .!« :!4 + .H 8 + .05 00 + .09 i;) i!l> + .11 ys + .«:( •-'0 + .20 51 + .17 15 r,o — .00 1) + .ao 14 + .4i :>'j — .03 17 •2'2 -h . o;i 9 + .13 7 + .48 •M + .00 li) 49 — .i;i 17 — .05 f — .r)4 (iO — .11 21 95 - . 13 :i.T + .10 yr» — .13 .'.8 .00 8:t 21 — . 45 7 — .00 4 — .35 28 — .35 No certain correction following a appears to bo indicnted. Mil .U. In Observatiimcn Antronomica; 1S.'5;$ and liS34, Lunioiit (loraparcs his declinations of fundunicntal star.s witb tbo.se of Ijessel and Struve. The conipaiisons are nsed in finding the cnrve of correction, bnt no use is made of the declinations of the stars so compared. lirxidualu in order of declination. MiMll if + 74. 4 + 03.0 4- ■'>'.(! + 49. (i + 40. I + 3-.'.0 31.0 11.0 9.1 4.3 1.5 9.0 14.3 19.7 30. 3 -' '0 '■• 1 „ // 13 — .39 - .39 i f ., 14 — .30 -.49 --•' / — .OS -..^.G , 37 — .74 - .03 30 — . 0.1 - ..-.4 15 — .38 - .34 50 + .01 + .01 «iO + .37 + .39 73 + . 43 + .47 79 + .03 + .50 43 + .94 + .49 49 — . 14 + .38 43 H ..■>8 + .17 19 + .70 — .01 il — . 13 — .19 30 — . 01 — .5 flOftI IMCI'OHT OF TIIK (MIIKF A8THONOMI l{, APPKNDIX II. r)15 liindvoitoiitly the nutation correction was not applied to tbc values of c previous to tlie above discussion. Tlie outstanding residuals are: — Hvnidiiah iit order of ri 17 17 1 lit 111 *>\ ],^ '.'3 111 + l./O + .Hi> — .11 — l.fiO + .1(1 — . -i'y — .(1| + -^M , — .10 ' + .li.'i ■ — . (17 ■ + .11 42 ",l 4,-. 11 :n •j(i 11 + .10 + .(II H- .11 — .:w + .l(> — .1(1 — .(i;i + •!■ — .17 + .•-'•-' -)- . 17 + .(V.! Dcclitiiilloii liiiiilH. + 7i> lo— *> 41 I'.l 4.''. 4S1 r ) + . r.ii + .44 + .(111 - - + .14 .41 4.S 44 :w ;:(! — .(14 -f- .-'1 — .Ill + .17 + .(;(i -I- . I'.i JJi.scussed lor terms in u, the last coluiuu (+ 75° to — LTiO) {jives: — + ".03 sin a + ".21 cos u, whicli agrees well with the nutation correction + ".01! sin u + .18 cos «. The latter is therefore adopted. With m = 5, we have: — E = i r'.Of). Eh ;{7. EcHulitalii in order of declination. Moiiii i! + Bli.'J -j- 7(i. 1) + 7(1. I -I- tio. ;! + fil.4 + .''ili. (I 4- i'd. H + 4r.. I + -.i'.l. :i + :t;i.:> -\- 'JT. (1 + i!l.-' -u 14..-. + H. (I + :i.;) — 1^. (i — M. 1 — If. 7 — i>l.'.) — '2lf.il •Jl l.'-> 7 Ci ai •ji :t(i i<; k; 1(1 :t(i 4r. 4i; ,^ti ii7 •JU :w I.-. ii <) 18 .S!l :t7 ^'3 IH .U3 li(i *M — 14 — .•>'! — . IH — . IM — »>>> — . l(i -f .01 — .\-< .1(1 - - . Ill — .■t:i .-_ .18 — . 1.'. — .yo — . :ii — .18 — . 'J.'t — .(14 + .:il + .03 + .(IT .03 .'-'1 — .17 _ .r,i — . -.Hi . 'i;i — .ui; — . ».'> — .18 + .HO -- .m + .44 + ^'2 With m = 8, wo have: — K\ i in 616 UNITE]) STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. [110 1 Eesiduah in order of right ascension. Declination limits. Declination limits. Declination limits. Declination limits. — iO°to+50 + 5° ^o+40o + 40oto + 00o — 30° to +90° Munn n 7I-' i-o' y r,' tt' To' ir' >v h. „ tl II „ I (> —1.05 ■X + .14 15 + .16 47 .00 :i 10 + .-io 10 + .08 5 - .04 25 + .12 :< 11 + .10 yo — ..'lO 12 + .:!0 40 - .11 7 24 + .(W — .17 5 — ,02 20 + .06 — .02 !) 4 + .20 18 11 + -H ;i:t 11 i:i + .02 20 + .11 10 - .05 40 + .o:» '.:t 15 + .1S1 8 — .15 10 .00 ;i;t + .03 15 14 + .00 18 — .4;j !l — . :!2 41 + .34 17 G - . 15 11 - .04 10 .00 :!0 — .01 1-o" o // II // + B7.5 o — .05 — .05 - .07 + 75. 8 2 — .21 — .26 — .11 + 71.2 2 — . 75 — .32 - . 54 + 02. 2 2 — .09 — .24 — .00 + 55. 1 2 + .44 + .10 + .40 + 51. 1 1 + . 05 + .24 + .84 + 4.5. i» 3 + 1.03 + .30 + .-0 + 30.8 — .08 + .22 — .01 + 28. 1 4 — .07 + .08 — .17 + 21.3 2 — .01 + .13 - .01 + 14.3 i + .39 + .••J7 + .42 + 8.2 4 + .29 -- .40 -- ..59 + .41 + 4.0 3 + 1.10 + 1.10 — 1.1 1 + 1.10 + -77 + 1.05 — y.i 3 + . 99 + 1.09 + .97 — 14. -.J o + 1.30 + 1.31 + 1.02 — 20. 1 1 + 2.8 + 1.8 + 3. 10 -J The declinatiou curve founded on to is adopted. [inj REPORT OP THE OOIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX H. Remduala in order of right ascension. 517 Declination limits. — '.too to 4- 90^^ Declination limits. — 30° to +90° Mean i 7r' •■o' Mean i n' .•o' h. 0.9 ;». 1 .5. 2 7. 4 5 1 2 4 + .87 + .75 + .50 + .20 — .05 - .no h. 13. 3 14.9 17.1 19.3 20.9 23.3 2 7 5 8 5 2 — .45 — .44 + .42 + .13 + .04 + . 15 The correction depeutling on a is quite marked. The result is + ".14 + ".24 sin « + ".32 008 a. The probable errors of the terms in a nre each ± .07. The formuln of correction is adopted. With »» = 8, we have :— E = ± ".39. Gh 39. Residtials in order of declination. Mean d + 86.5 + 76.7 + 70.5 + 66.2 + 60. 9 + ,56.8 + 50.9 + 45.5 + 39.7 + 32. 9 + 27.4 + 21.1 + + + 14.5 8.9 3.9 1.6 — 8.6 — 14.1 — 18.7 — 22.5 — 28. 1 79 71 67 62 176 147 i;w 136 98 54 114 134 130 135 85 90 97 51 36 44 44 + .07 + .05 + + 10 10 06 + .07 + .20 + .02 .07 + + + + 19 15 + .01 + .04 + .08 + .09 + + + + + + + .10 ,11 ,12 ,12 .13 .14 .16 + .26 + .29 + .37 + .40 + .53 + .71 + ..53 +1.04 +1.24 + .19 + .24 + .29 + .35 + .43 + ..56 + .68 + .80 + .90 +1.05 With w» e= 4, we have: — __4 If' Hi' . ''i] B=±".ll. 518 UNITIiJl) STATES JIOUTHERN BOUNDAItY COMMISSION. 1112J Rcaiiluuh in order of right aaccnsion. ncrlinntiiin liniitN. Uorlinntion liinilH. nL'cliiintion liinitH. — ;tO^ to+f)'^ 4.40-^ to- 30^ -30"^ to +90^ Mean 1 h. ir' ' r,,' „, n-' »-o' '/ ,, // 1 a5 — .•-'! 1X5 — . 15 212 — .13 3 ;i!i — . 13 57 — .24 95 — .13 5 48 — .41 107 — .20 174 — .18 7 25 + .31 89 + .11 103 + .10 6 — .51 — .54 22 ti> 25 12 - 1.3 57 — .78 — .64 20 to 30 13 — 8.6 70 — .05 — .70 31 to 35 14 - 14.1 25 — .93 — .68 30 to 40 15 — 19.4 U — .3.T — .50 41 to 40 ; 10 — 21. 9 8 — .43 — ..50 17 to 52 17 — 20.3 7 — .07 — .4 .")3 to 58 .59 to 05 06 to 72 18 19 20 73 to 80 21 81 to 83 22 89 to 96 23 97 to 105 24 100, or more 25 [1131 IlEPOUT OF TUK (JlllliK AHTHONOMEll, AlM'KNDLr II. 519 RcHiduaU in order of rUjht nHcnmon. I nuclinntiim limits Ducliniitlon UiiiUh. Oc'cliiiaf 1)11 llinitH. Di'i'llnatiuii liinitH. Pocliimt inn liiiiilH. — :10" to + &" -1- 5" to + 4UO + 40" to — 300 + 40^ to + W^ — 30^ to + m> Means tt' ro' TT* iV 1 7T' ro' v' lu' 1 iV h. 1 r> + 4r. m — .00 (W — .04 7!) " 4- .no 147 + .01 :i '.HI 4- lU 1:1 — . 1.1 :i:i + .04 30 — .(»- 03 .01 r. lU + a:> 4:t + .oil r.'j + .13 44 — .11 103 4- .03 7 U r>4 44 + .:i4 r.3 Hit 4- 4- .ao ...... "+" '46' ■•;,.;••• "— .C'h" .11 11 Ill 4- .:w 4H + .04 Ul + .Vi 78 — .Vi 130 — .oa 13 'JU + .14 24 -ll.o:i 44 + .0,-, 41! 4- . 10 00 + . la 15 '-'9 + .(W (Kl + .w Ihi 4 .10 40 — .OJ 138 + .0(1 1 17 10 + .nc. 44 — .0-2 :.'i - .01 4.-1 — .oa !t7 — .01 1!) 14 .(Xi 80 — . 04 100 — .04 :2, and Ce .'id i ".CO. I have adopted E = :t 00. Ah 41 and Ah 52. These were at llrst treated as separate catalogues, but the experiment proved that there exists between them no dinerenee, which ciiii lie .safely iiredieiited t'roin the material. Otims's very thorough comparison of Uobinson's Armagh (Catalogue [Ant. Niuh. Bd. 50, p. 248), after the proper correction, has been relied upon to a great extent in drawing the curve. m f?)i m 'tl il ■^^" w 520 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. [114] Residuali in order of declination. h Direct comparison. Tbrougb Ao 21), Dif fureuoo Meitn il ir- r» C, Moand Number of stars. uiirorrvctcd, n|>plioiiblolo AriiinRbdeo- liiiiktlon. DiiTerence corrootod. ft II o II // + 76.8 11 + .21 + .90 + 81.2 4 + .52 + .88 -. 71.2 20 + .05 + .20 + 77.1 6 + .23 + .r.0 .- 66.4 17 — .06 + .iJO + 72. 4 8 + .34 + .63 - 61.0 38 + .11 4- .17 + »> 7 6 - .39 - .16 - 56. 5 32 + .08 + .05 + 02. 4 11 + .38 + .56 — 51.4 38 + .07 .10 + 57.5 15 - .36 — .23 -- 45.5 46 - 1. 13 — .71 4 51,6 15 — ,31 — .27 + 40.1 4U — .40 - . .81 + 47. 5 15 — .00 — .75 - 32.9 20 — .66 — 54 + 42.9 22 — .85 — 1.02 - 26.5 24 — .20 — 30 + 37.5 3" — ,18 — .49 - 21.0 25 — .16 — 27 + 32.7 17 — ,10 — .52 " 15.1 16 — ,83 — 47 + 27. 4 29 + .04 — .17 + 9.3 41 — .01 — 78 + 22.3 23 + .41 — .18 + 3.7 15 — .24 — 1 08 + 17.7 31 + .30 — .36 - 1.7 22 — 1.14 — 1 21 + 12.4 18 + .08 — .M — 8.2 14 — .54 — 1 15 + 7.6 + .3.0 - 2.5 23 31 17 - .45 - .46 - 1.21 — 1.05 — 1. 07 — 1.98 — 7.7 14 + .38 — .58 n' is furm edwith?.= 3. — 13.1 19 - .81 - 1.24 t, — 16.8 — 23.6 24 2 + ..58 — 2.05 - .47 — 3.0 With m = 6, we bave: — i? = ± I'M. Regiduah in order of right ascennion. Mean a jt' ro' Mean a V >•„' h. // h. // 1 48 — .03 13 27 — .16 3 19 + .05 15 40 + .05 5 .^3 - .34 17 35 - .37 7 20 — .02 19 35 + .18 9 34 + .64 21 48 + .01 11 59 + .03 23 38 + .26 flini REPORT OF TUB OHIEP ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX U. 521 Kk 43. The correction in order of declinfttion is luiopted us it remilfH from the dlscnsBion in Section VI. (Tabic II.). In tlio foiiowing tiibie, eadi value of r' it) suitposed to hiivo nu eqnnl degree of precinioii. lienidunh in order nf right ancenition. 1 Drolinntion llniltH. — ;iuo t.) + 4-J" Dccllimtion limits. — HUO t u + 4ao Menn a jt' ro' Mean a TT* r„' h. 0.7 2.9 r>.4 7.(1 9.7 11.7 1 r> 1 a 1 // — .40 — .40 + .14 — .:m — .ao — .30 A. i;!.;i ir).o 17.0 I!). 4 ao.9 2a.9 1 4 3 4 a — .ao — .la + .10 + .40 + .40 + .ao The division into two zones, wliich was made, is of no interest, owing to the small number of stars. From the above is foniul as a correction:— - {".10 ± ".06) sin a + (".13 + ".07) cos « ; and this is adopted. Dr. Anwers found {Agt. N'ach., Bd 05, 8. 230):— - ".139 sin (o - 25° 38') - ".239 (sin 2 « + O.io 27'). The term depending on 2 a is indeed indicated, but I have preferred to neglect it, since the number of residuals is small. With IB =■ 4, we have : — 7? = + ".26. 1131 J' 19 III }y i 4'. II i: iiv' 522 UNITED STATES NOBTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. [I16| Eh 4;{. Eeniduulu vi order of (Icvlinai'on. K(ean A ) Co + eii.H 1,-.(1 + . ()(■> .00 The wc>i({lit» (t') nro + 7(1. r. 8,-. + .14 .00 ronatnieti'il according -h 711. :^ 24 .44 . 00 tci Section V., wliicli -1- (•)().:> 7 _ .20 — .01 tinpposcs: + (ii.;! ;!:i — .08 — .04 f ,, + ."iti. r> 54 — .14 — .07 r-^- + riO.t! ,M + .07 — .08 Tlio.irKiiiiHnit for form- + 4.'p.r> ;i8 — .1'.! — . or, ing -' m not tlicr. foro + :h». 4 42 ^• .03 — .o:! till! total nuinbiTof ob- + :■>;!. li 18 + .;!:t + .02 siTvivtUiiiH, bnt the Hum + 27. 4 t>(i + .14 + .00 of tlio v;ilne» of jr' in + s-'l.:! (Ui. .10 + .17 each your. + 14.2 08 + .18 + .28 + ac fi(i + .40 + .x-> i +4.1 42 + .10 + . :i(i — 1.4 Wi + .40 + .:a — 8.7 ti.-> _'- .2(1 + .10 — 14.1 :!i — .07 + .04 — 18.8 21 .m .00 — --'2.0 17 — .:!8 — .12 — 27. 10 + .0 ^ .02 Uitiidunh in ordir of right u>)cctmon. l>eclinatioi. liniitH. Doolination limits. Declination limits. Dorlinat ion limits. Dirlination limits. — • IP to+rp + 5'Jto+40-J + 400 to— :up + 40Oti>+!)0-" — ;hp to + 00^' Mean a y iV _' ro tt' >'o' r' r,,' k. „ 1, // " // 1 i.-> — ..■.4 411 -■ .;!,"> .">.', — . 10 7,^1 ~ .11 i;io — .24 ;i K! — .10 li — . 10 2.'> — .r.4 1.-. — .i:< III — .:Kt .-•i :io + .01 24 + -l-i 54 4 .01 21 + .04 7.'> + .0.-. 7 li + .r,o 40 + .0:1 .<(•. + .0!» 24 .00 + .00 '.) It + .liO :i7 + .00 40 + . 11> 14 + .2.1 (10 + .20 11 Ui — .;ii» 2,-. + .20 41 - .();) ;t- + .0.-. 78 + .01 l;i 14 — .no 17 4 .(!4 111 + .22 :u + .01! 02 + .14 ir. 28 — .07 :ui + .24 04 + .10 (i:t + .tiO 127 -, .20 17 12 — . ...'- 2V + .02 :«) - .01 r>4 f .22 ;i.i 1 + . 1-t 1 1!) 21 + .11 42 - .07 o;< .00 4:t + .01) 100 + .02 1 21 :i;t — . IW 20 — . l.'i r>;i — .11 "iT - .00 no — .10 2:1 20 + . 0:t IS , -.22 us — .00 lii ^ .J 7 00 -.17 1 A correction tlppi'iitliiig on a is quite well marked in nil tlie zones. The ditfcusision gives : — - (' .05 ± ".0;$) sin a — (".!<) Jb "."■!) cos a. Dr. Anwers lound {Anf. Narh., 15(1 1)4, S. ;!4;?) — ''.00 3 sin « —",310 cos a for the Edinburgh decliiiiitions, ]83.5-ls;{0, tissuiuing Ao 20 iviul Oh ITjm to require no coirnc- tion. This corresponds toler.ibly well with Eii 37, lietween the declintUion limit.i — 30^ [117] lUU»OUT OF TUli CHIEF ASTKONOMER, APPENDIX H. 523 to + 50, as cxiiibitetl above. Later (Ait. yacli., IJd «5, p. 227), Dr. Auwf rs finds that two-thirJs of the correction best corresp jkIm with residuals derived from his discussion of fundamental stars. This accords almos* perfectly with the formula given above for Eh 4.1. But Dr. Anwera supposes this foiu.ula not to be applicable to the later obser- vations of Ilenderson. With m = 8, we have: — 7^;= :l".07. ± "M results from the discussion in S>'cvion V. The former is adopted. G' 45. 'Residuals in order of declination. ^ ■ — Xlriin .i -t H(i.S +■ T(i.7 + -0.2 -f (id.'J + .,0.'.» + .'iti. 7 + r,o..i + 1-..;! + :«•.» + ;f,>. s + ■■>7.:> + n. ;i + 11. r, + H.9 + 4.0 — i.r> - H.(i - 14.0 - 18.7 - -ia. 4 - -iS. I — ;i4. 1 it' >-o r„ 7r» — .17 .00 ,-|4 37 + .10 - . Hi + .01 + .04 1=4 r, V.) + .07 + .0,'. l.'iO + .11 + .1)8 llti + .-21 + .07 Vi-i — . !.■> + .01 fl4 — .01 — .04 107 — .11 — .02 «.'■> + .-S! + .08 Ill + .-l-i + .14 lis + .11 -i ."'« l-M + .I'-J + .oit Wi - .04 + .0.-. Kl + .28 + .0() h:i + .1« + .0'.> rt- + . li) + . 14 47 + .13 + .1' :i5 + .08 + .--il ;ii + .24 + .24 :in + .28 + .28 10 + 1.1H From the equator to the pole it is a matter of iiiditri-rence whether any correction be applied or not, The correction '-■" at Greenwich was neglected as insensible during this jicriod. With »i =.'), we have: — E= I ".05. ?P fVl if 1^ .H 524 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. Residuals in order of right ascension. [118J Dccliuation limits. — :!0o to + DOO Declination limits. — 30° to + 90° Mean a V ro' Mean a tt' ro' h. I 3 5 7 9 11 179 87 14G 101 116 164 + .06 + .01 + .05 + .02 + .12 + .12 h. 13 15 17 19 21 23 130 185 152 200 lb: 12U ft + .03 + .12 — .03 — .10 — .12 — .13 A slight correction following the right ascension is indicated. It differs, however, quite sensibly from that shown in Grh 39, and I have, therefore, undertaken no discussion. Pa 45. In forming -', one observation is given weight 1; two to five, weight 2; sixer more, weight 3. ResidxMls in order of declination. Mean i! o , 1-0 Form. Co II 1 II + 86.0 13 — .02 + .03 .00 + 76.0 1" + .04 + .07 .00 + 70.9 21 .00 + .10 + .05 + 66.0 12 + .18 + .13 + .11 + 60.7 41 + .18 + .16 + .17 + 56.8 29 -- .21 + .19 + .21 + r.o. 8 39 - .27 + .23 + .25 + 4.5.6 31 - .24 + .26 + .29 + 39.9 44 - .36 + .29 + .33 + 33. 21 -- .40 + .32 + . 36 + 26. 9 28 -- .29 + .36 + .38 + 21.0 35 -- .34 + .39 + .39 + 14.5 38 -- .45 + .41 + .42 + 9.1 46 -- .42 + .43 + .44 + 4.3 19 -- .59 + .46 + .47 — 1.9 23 -- .CO + .47 + .51 - 8.4 17 -- .54 .49 + .57 — 14.1 10 -- .59 -. .50 + .66 — 19.4 3 -- .38 + .82 — 23. 9 3 L+1.04] C+1.7 ] [+1.0 ] +1.3 ] — 26. 1 3 Column " J?'on»" is derived from the expression (Section VI.) + ".3t(8inZ+.503) Had the constant + ".34 been increased it» + ".37, the accord with Co would have been almost perfect down to — 8o.4. The curve from which Co is taken was drawn without the slightest reference to the previous correction. 1119J REPORT OF THE CHIEF A^THONOMER, APPENDIX H. 525 The value of JH, taken from the outstanding residuals, is of no interest, since, on account o£ the great weight given to Pa 45 in the discussion of standard places, it would be entirely too small. In the introduction to the fourth volume of Poulkova observations, we have a thoroughly reliable discussion of the probable error of the declinations. The final weights were founded on these probable errors, which increase rapidly with the zenith distance. From the final residuals {r,) of 37 fundamental and circumpolar stars (excluding a and (J Urs£B Miuoris), I derive i ".273 as the probable error of the unit of adopted weights. Supposing the average weight of a Poulkova declination 4, and of the final 4 for 1845, 80, we should have approxinuitely ± ".29 as the probable error of the unit corresponding to a probable error of ± ".30, as given in the introduction of volume iv. A like discussion of the residuals {>•,) of 59 other stars, for which the weight of a posi- tion for 1845 is 40, or greater (averaging about 50), gives ± ".286, or about ± ".305 lor the correct^'d probable error, v/hich should correspond to the ± ".30 assumed. It may therefore be assumed that the weights for Pa 45, constructed in the manner explained above, are entirely reliable, and correspond well with the general system adopted in the deliuitivo discussion of A li and J //.'. Eesidiials in order of right ascension. ir :1 Declination limits. Declination limits. — •M'^ to + 90° — -JO-Jti. + 90^ Mean a tt' '■o' Mean » A. 7r' '•o' h. r „ 1 .')(> ■t- .11 13 ;!0 + .o:i 20 — .11 1.') 51 — ,04 a- + "1 17 r>o .00 liii - li 19 ."■.o + .10 !l :« - . 21 .),'■) — .09 11 4. -..,. ij;j :n + .05 IN ' ■)■ lit 526 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. [120] He 45. Residuals in order of declination. Mean cJ tt' '•o Co o 4- fCii [271 [+ .IB] [+ • 17] + 70. :i + .53 + .02 + 70. .1 28 + .72 + .01 f ., + (i6. 4 ai + .23 + .47 r, + t)0.t< 45 + .05 + .30 + 56.8 30 + .30 + .10 + 50. 8 45 + .02 — .04 + 45. li 38 — . (l(i — .18 + 40.0 42 — .47 — .34 4- :«.4 10 — .31 - .51 + 27.4 27 - .44 — .58 4- ai.i 33 — .08 — .59 + 14. 3 32 ^- *>•» — .41 + 8.8 53 ^ii-i — .14 + 3.9 25 — .02 + .08 — 1.4 ao + .03 + .31 — 8.() a7 + .29 + .49 — 14.0 10 + .95 + .48 - I'J.O 3 + .18 .(- .30 — a^'. 3 9 + .30 + .25 — aa.i 13 — .31 + .00 There is some doubt about the correctiou from + 75° to + 90°. For stars observed botb above and below the polo, it i.s probably quite suiall. With m = 5, we have: — JS; = ± ".73 I adopt i ".77, the meau between this determiuatiou and that for Ee 58. Residuals in order of right ascension. Dec1in,.>.tioii limits. Declination limits. Declination limits. Dec'linatioii limits. — 30*^10 +0-^ + 40-2 til — 30- + 4(1- to + 9(P — 31i" 111 +90 J Moilll n t' rj ' r„' " 'u' tt' I'o' *. II // „ // 1 3 + .10 29 4 .31 37 + .05 00 + .10 3 7 — .44 17 - .03 8 + .22 25 + .06 5 9 — .10 20 + .11 20 - .12 40 + .01 7 r> — .47 20 + .00 5 - .17 31 + .03 9 4 -1.70 30 — .42 10 - .31 40 - . 39 11 10 + .If! 22 - .05 30 •).) ,^2 -.15 13 13 + .33 17 + .45 21 + ..10 38 + .42 15 9 + .00 2(i — .01! 24 — .33 50 - .19 17 + .03 10 + .011 3) — .11 .-.11 — .05 j 19 7 - .,53 20 + .11 20 + .20 52 + . 15 ai 12 + . 00 22 + .07 32 + -M 54 + .11 a3 14 1 — .21 28 - . 19 19 — .04 47 - .13 The previous discussion (Section VI.) is substantially confirmed. [121 j RKPORT OV THE CHIEF ASTUONOMKU, APPENDIX H. 527 Wii 47. The weights are adopted as they result Irom the combiiuvtiou of separate years in the maimer explained in Section V. This supi^ses ^ = 3. Besiduuh in order of (JccUnatioa. Mi'nii i1 + Hi.t) + 7(i.G + (10. U + (v.'.;t + 00. + 15. I + ;iH.5 + xi-i + a7.8 + al.ti + 14. a + H.ti ;t.9 1 8. II, 1!). + — l.(i I 1 •i'J. :i MS. 5 51 19 :!5 :tl 7;i :n ,58 ao 89 8:! 1-Ji HI 71 19 51 rid 19 + .10 + .111 + .--'I + .07 — .11 , It) + + + + . i:t .11 .10 .02 .05 . 05 .•j;i — .05 _ . 05 — . 05 + .011 — .0(1 .01 — .11 — .•21 — .19 „ . !>."> — .28 — . ;i5 — . ;m .:i7 — .115 .51 — .:!;! . l(j — .28 :iO — .21 + .00 — .19 - . 05 — . (15 Rrsidiials in order of ritjht ancennion. Dt'cliiiiitioii liniKs. — ;!0- 1(1 + 5" Mean u 1 1 h. I 10 a 49 5 24 7 25 9 10 11 11 13 18 15 4;t i 17 ;u 19 no 1 21 44 1 2» 27 + .03 .01 .;« .i:i .50 .(10 .02 .;i4 .15 . 15 .01 .04 Di'cliiiation liniitm. + 411 ID — nil' DiM'liiiatiiiii liiiiit.s. + 40' li> +00- Dci'liniitiiiii limits. _ [itp to + OO'^ 5(1 5(i 70 58 4() :i7 ;!7 10': :>s 119 95 {.0 ^^ II II + . 19 4;i — .10 99 + .0(i — .08 18 — .70 74 — .2a — .5(1 12 — .40 82 — ..5a — .20 10 + .10 03 - .11) — .20 11 + .21 .)( — .12 — . :i4 29 + .02 (1(1 - .18 — .10 14 + ..50 51 + .OG + .:iu 28 + .05 lao + .a7 + .25 ;i5 + .1(1 oa + .'-il + .25 la .00 102 + .CJ + .00 (id — .04 1(11 + .02 — .lis 2:1 — .10 K! — .08 ■ 30O to + 00°), I From discussion of the values of r^' in the linal grouping (■ derive: — — ".27 sin a — ".OS cos a. Examination of Wn 50 and Wn 04 shows that they are in need of a similar cor- rection; and the separation into zones renders it highly piol)ablo that this correction is almost equally applicable to all limits of declination. tl I 4 » i it! !-• 528 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. For Wn 56, we have : — |122 and for Wn 64, — ".IG sin a -".19 cos a; — ".22 sin a - ",12 cos a. The same form of correction is indicated in Wn 70. It is undoubtedly real and sensibly constant for the Washington mural circle throughout the period of its use. From the combined residuals (— 3(P to + 90°) of Wn 47, 56, and 64, we have: — - (".21 ± ".03) sin a — (".12 i ".03) cos a as the correction ; and it is adopted. It reduces the sums of squares as follows: — Year. Before. After. 1847 1856 18G4 144 858 179 101 165 From the final residuals for 1847, with »t = 7, we have: — ^ == i ".74. Ce48. The weights are derived iu the manner esplniued under Ce 40. Residuals in order of declination. Mean A tt' To Co o // // + 87.9 35 + .88 .00 + 76.9 15 — . 15 .00 + 70.2 19 — .01 .00 + 65.6 20 + .03 — .09 + 61.0 02 — .81 — .23 + 56. 6 36 - .44 — .37 + 49.5 49 — . 51 — .58 + 45.4 64 — .58 — .68 + 39.0 35 -1.19 — .88 + 32.6 16 - .71 — .86 + 27. H 58 — .78 — .75 + 21.3 60 — .42 — .41 + 14.5 82 — .02 — .09 + 9.1 68 — .02 - .05 + 4.2 29 — 22 — .05 — 1.0 27 - .02 — .08 — 8.6 38 — . 15 — .12 — 14.1 15 + .13 — .12 — 18.5 !> + .20 - .09 — 21.5 6 - .9 — .09 — 21). 2 3 -.8 — .03 With m = 5, we have : — i' = ± ".02 ^ .60 is adopted, as explained under Ce 40. ll-'-'i lUOl'OUT OF THE CHIEF ASTllONOMEU, Al'l'ENDIX II. Residuals in order of right ascension. 529 Declination limits Decl nation limits — 3UOto+90" 1 — 30^ to+90o Mean « ^' '■"' i Mean n t' r,,' /(. , 1 /(. / 1 84 + .07 13 r.2 + 10 3 ai) .lit l.--. fiO .08 5 74 + .Of) 17 47 — .09 7 47 .03 19 119 — .09 ^ PecliimtioQ limitH. — 30° to +90° Meani t' '■"' n' 'o' h. 1 :< 5 7 9 IX 13 15 17 19 21 23 27 :\s 47 25 14 39 60 54 27 58 40 54 II — .04 — .14 + .01 — .15 — .20 + .00 + .10 + .01 — .20 + .05 — ..31 — .00 214 94 157 131 129 177 126 195 169 lt?3 174 139 — .15 + .04 + .00 — .11 + .01 + .14 + .13 + .03 — . 06 + .03 — .02 — .01 So 51. Residuals in order of declination. Mean (1 it' 'o Co o + 45.8 + 38. 6 4 + 1.00 " 13 — .03 + .14 i=2 + 33. 3 4 — .04 + .58 + 27.5 33 + .77 + -74 + 21.3 40 + .88 + .87 + 14.5 46 4- .92 - 99 + H.7 42 + 1.23 -, 115 + 3.7 26 + 1.01 + 1.09 - 2.2 14 + i.r9 + 1.12 — 8.5 28 + 1.22 + 1.12 — 14.1 15 + 1.16 + 1.10 — 18.9 12 + -f*! + 1.06 — 22.5 16 + .95 + 1.08 — 28. 2 17 + .90 + 1.00 — 31.2 1 + .25 + .90 — 41.9 2 + 1.24 + .91 — 52. 1 + .94 + .79 — 59.0 6 + .82 + .62 — 75.1 3 + .28 + .28 Illifi] ItKPOUT OF TUE CHIEF ASTliONOMEU, APPENDIX II. livsiduals in order of right ascension. 531 1 ! Decliiintioii limits. — 30-J to 4- 40^ Declliintioii limits. ' — ;jo--' to 4- 40^ Mean i; 1 v >•,/ Mean a V ro' 1 ' A. O.U :».i .M 7.1 9.;! 11. ;t 24 22 at) :i2 27 22 — .:i7 4- .K. 4- .4!) 4- .07 4- .10 4- .w h. i;!. 1 14.9 10. 7 19.0 21.2 22. 9 21 30 19 40 22 18 — .10 — .07 — .:ii — .10 — .19 — .00 There is an evident progression of Tq' with a. The discussion gives, ns the correc- tion to be applied : — 4- (".2i ± ".07) sin a - (".185 ± ".075) cos a. There is some reason to expect such a correction for this series, and it is adopted. With m = G, we have: — ± ".86. Ps 53. Residuals in order of UecHnation. Mouii i tt' ro Co o II n + fO.3 4- 70.7 37 23 — .10 + .18 4- . 00 4- . 19 1 = 3 4- 70.0 31 4-. 38 4- .2,-. 4- (iO. 18 4-. 20 A- .28 4r 01.9 29 4- .40 — .29 + r.i!,5 40 4- .29 -t .28 4- ,-,(1.6 33 4- .Oo 4- 23 4- 40.0 10 -J. .48 4- .:') + liO.f) 20 + .17 4-. 12 4- .%2 13 — . 03 4- .0.-. 4- 27.7 30 — .08 — .03 4- 'ii.r, 38 — . l."> — .10 4- 14.4 38 — .01 — .19 + 8.7 49 - .31 — .28 J- 3.9 33 — .44 — .34 — 1.2 28 — .15 — .37 — 9.0 19 — .47 — .31 - 14.1 19 — .10 — .21 - 18.7 13 — . 21 — .00 — 22. 3 10 4- .12 4- .12 - 28.6 13 + .92 4-.e With m = 5, we have;- .•^i] II- E. 532 UNITED STATES NOUTIIEKN HOUNIJAUY COMMISSION. Hegidiiah in order of right aaccnsion. IlL'Ci] Doclinuticii liinitH. Dt'cliniitiun liniiU. Dnclinntioii liiiiiU. — IIO" ti) + :,> + 40^10—30^ — ;«Hto + 90J Me»ii a it' iV rr' r„' t' ro h. ,/ // „ 1 9 — .0:^ 39 — . 03 .'■.9 — .05 » 16 + .;i5 •.>4 + .10 41 + .18 5 17 — .0-J 31 + .20 42 + .02 7 + .-20 25 + .17 111 + . 15 D ;) + .(iO 18 — .09 27 — .02 n 8 -.45 22 — . 20 a< — .11 i:i 13 4- .in 20 + .10 44 — .11 ir. li> — .'-'3 27 — .14 .'■)5 - .11 17 8 + . 05 20 — .44 50 — .18 I'j 9 .00 30 — .21 48 + .13 21 10 — .10 :i5 + .01 (il + .15 23 15 + .10 5 + .00 24 + .35 So 55. Residuals in order of declination. ileaii il n' I'o Co c + 45. 8 + 38. It 1 2 — ..')(■> +1. 19 " i = 3. + .50 + 24. 5 4 + .07 + .48 + 2(1. 9 13 + ..-.1 + .45 + 14.3 27 + .30 + .29 + 8.3 29 — .03 + .18 + 3.8 15 + . 40 + .18 - 1.9 12 + .45 + .32 — 8.7 20 + .35 + .39 — 14.0 12 + .,'« + .17 — 19.0 7 — .07 — . 03 — 23. 2 11 — ..58 — .10 — 28. f> 13 -- .31 — . 05 — 42. 8 + .34 + .37 — 51.8 i + .42 + .24 — 59. 3 3 + .19 + .13 — 78. 3 2 — . 49 .00 With m = 0, we have: — i^'=± ".!»1. [127] UEPOUT OF TIIK IJI1II5K ASTKONOMEK, APIMCNDIX II. lienitiiKils in order of riffht aiiceiiHhn. 533 Ik'i'linatiiiii liiiiltK. — ;i(i'^ til + .io JIuitii ll A. 1.1 7 a.r. i:i r>. M 7.0 H il.4 i:i 11. ;< lU + . 01 — .17 — .Ol» — .:w — .li'.i — .k; Pcclinatiiiii liiiiUN. — Ml t,i ^ .10 Mi'iiii >i A. U. 'J ir..y 10.7 VJ.-J 'ji.'-' 1,' III 10 y,'> i;! H — .11 + .01 - . l.-) + .O-J + .10 + .-'I If tlii-re i8 II mil variation of tlio i-orrcclioii, proceeding witli the ri^lit aKceiiNion, it is apparently of au entirely difleienl natnre iroiii that adoptetl for So 51. The weights are small, and the observations are as.snnie«l to be praetieally Iree from any error of this kiutl. Itemluuh in order of divlinaiion. Mejui (i tt' '■,. (■„ c + HO. 1 o;! - . i--^ — .07 + 70.7 ao — .0.". + .10 + 70.',' + ..V. + .17 ' + 00. ;i 4 + .:io + .IS + <)■.'. 1 ^7 H- ..-.0 -(- . 17 + M. 1 I.'-. + .-Jl + .11 < + fio. ;i r.i — . 10 + .10 + i.Mt :io — .10 + .05 + :i8.i» 01 + .OS — .01 -f ;«.o 1.-) + .117 — .00 + -J'.o Kl — .O.'i — .11 + •i\.r, TO — .--';! — .17 + 11. r> to — .10 — .•-'■! + H.7 m - .10 — . •JO + 4.-i 03 — .O'.t - .•J7 — i.r. r.7 — .-,'0 — .'J.'> — H. ,'•) iif< - .Ill — . 10 — 11.0 :ii — .OS - .11 - Irt.'J •JO — . •Js — . 01 - '-".'. y •JO + .0'.) + . 0-J — . -.J.S. ,'■) :ii + .111 + .1:1 The probable error, E, is derived from tlio outstanding residuals corrected further for the effect of terms in a given under Wn 17. With m = 0, we have: — !■]= J, ",,SS. With a smaller value of -, we should have a smaller and probably more aeeurate value of E. '*! Ih II i 1 534 UNiTKD STATES NORTDEUN BOUNDAUY COMMISSION. (laS) lieniduak in order of right ancciiHioH. Derlinntiiiii liinilH. Dt'c'linntioii liiiiitM. Drolitiiitioii liiiiitM. Ut'clilinlitiii llniitH. - ;iu^ lo + w + 40-" to — :i()^ + 101^10+00^ — :10" to + iH)^ Mcun a 7t' »V V ro' t' lo 5r' !•„' h. I 11) It t-.l — .07 *>.> — .10 K) II — .08 3 a7 — .77 4a — .75 10 -1 00 53 — .1-0 5 IH — .(H 48 — .41 la — 45 (10 — .41 7 ItJ — .'ja 4il — .01 14 — 10 (ill — .04 1> ;i — .;io ai + .a.^' 10 + i:i :i4 + .ai 11 K! + . 1!) 40 + -17 aa + KS (15 H- .a8 i:i :i() - .oa 47 .00 la + 08 5!» + .oa 15 !.'(i + .48 7a -f . ;i4 ai a;t !);i •(- .ai 17 17 + .^7 Kt + .aw a8 + 05 HI + .ao li) 18 — .a5 HI - . 04 ai lit loa — .07 m :\'i -f .aa "ti + .07 :i8 — 05 114 + .o:l 2J 4:i + .18 70 + •« 11 (HI 81 + .11 For furtbcr expliiiiatiou see VVn 47. Ps 50. liesiduals in order of dt'dinatioH. Monn i1 tt' ro Co o // 1 e + 8r>.(i a(! — .35 — . 3a -i- 'Ci.li 15 — .31 — .aa + 70.8 15 — .04 — .10 1 + (Wi.a 10 + .00 — .13 + (!1.0 no — .aa — .10 + .'■.(i.T ■A-i — .17 — . 09 1 + ,"iO. 4 •s> + .05 - .11 -- i.'i.a 30 — . 05 - .15 -- :i!t.4 a5 — .47 - .ai + ;ao a(! - ..->a — .a(i + a7.(i ;i7 — .17 — .30 + ai.i 48 — .ao — .35 + 14.5 5:1 - .37 — .30 + 8.0 70 — .38 - .30 1 + 4.0 :ia — . 3'; -.X, 1 — 1.7 47 — .M - .33 1 — 8.5 43 — . ao - .a3 i — 14. 1 15 — .07 - . 08 ! — 18.8 la + .11 + .la , — ai.9 13 + .ao + .13 — a8.i 17 + .4a + . no After tlie furtlier correction depending on a (to bo explained), the ontstnndinf]^ residuiils, with m = 7, give: — 7!,'= + "..t(i. 1 1 •.')»] UKI'OIIT Ol' TIIK CHIEF ASTHONOMKR, APPENDIX II. .*):?') hini'lualii ill oriler of right aHcemion, IVcliiiutioii liinitH. — :w to 4- 0- Mvun (1 .' 1 t h. 1 H ;i 11 r. ir. 7 4 I) 4 11. 10 i:i !W 1,-. 1!» 17 10 l!l 'J(l ai lit iiii •.'6 •v — .ir. + . 15 + .07 + .70 + .110 + .:..-. + .','1 + .01 — .:)r. — .'JH + .01 — .yo Di'i'liiiiitiiiii liiintx. 4-4u^ Id — :;o' ;i7 •M ai :ui 40 w 44 . 0,"i . i;i .00 .17 . ',','. .11 . ir. . (I.') - .Ill — .17 Di'clliiiition liinltH. + 40^10 + 00^ l:i i:i 4 I •J7 10 14 •JO 11 Till' (l('|ii'ii(l('n('t' of »o' •'" r\\:,\\i iiHfeii.sioii is iitiiloubti'd. I'Vom the coluinn — 'M° to + DO^, 1 «leiivo: — 4- ".lltsiii '< — ".07 cos ./. From tlic tabit's oxliibitt'iJ sucwssi voly iiiuUr I's (10, Pn (it, iiimI IN (i(», I litul: Yi'iii. iwio iHri4 l.-Oll I'driiiiilii of coiTtct.on. 4- . iH sill tt — . tl.| cnH ti 4- . 17 will (i — . OH CMS « 4- . 10 Hill n — .10 cos (1 From the proper combiiiiition of tlio lour st't.^, wo liovc: — + (".-'(> i ".01) sill a — (".()."> i ".(tl) fO,s a. ThiH is iitlopti'd as tlio (li'liiiitivo correction for eacli of llie four cataloffiies, since tliero appears to be no iiuirked increase witli tlio time. This correction iiiifjbt be approximately computetl in the followiiif; niiinncr: — If in tlie tU'linitive formula of correction* for tlie Uecliiiations of the J-'iiiKhnmntu soulli of + .">lo.."> we substitute 'M° for (', we shall hove for that part of the coneclioii depending on '/: — — ".82 sin n + ".07 cos «. II, further, we suppose that the mean declination of the stars of tiie Paris standard calalofjue, chieliy used for obtainin<; zenith points, is about +.'>t.<^, that the calaloiiucs malviii^; up the Paris standanl are free from errors de])endiiiK on «, and that llieir mean epoch is about 1M'>, we shall have for the ejioch l.Sdl (about the mean of the entire Paris series) as a correction to Paris observed declinations. — ( 4- ".82 sin « + ".07 cos a ) x l^ = + ".MO sin « - ".012 cos «. Of course, if the mean epoch of the catalofjucs mnkinp up the standiird is earlier than 1845, this correction will be larger, " • iSi'dioii VII. It- li 536 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDAllY COMMISSION. [130J Bs 5G. Reniduti.ii in order of decUnation. Mi-nit il n* >o Co + H(i.!l 27 + .;.o + .24 '=3 + 7(i. 4 19 + .23 + .31 + (i'.t..-l U + .03 + .31 + (il.H 20 + . 30 •f .25 -^ ,-.(■,. 9 17 + . 1.5 + .13 + .-.o.r. ;i9 — .07 — .10 + 4.V(i Ui — .93 — . 33 + :iH. :i 20 — .04 — ..52 + :!2.H 24 — . 35 — . 50 + 27.4 30 — . 23 — .41 + 21.2 34 - .71 — .45 + 14.2 37 - .54 — .04 + t^.r. 30 — .44 — .72 + 4.0 24 — 1.50 — .74 — 2.0 21 — .73 — . 59 — 8.4 18 + .18 — .30 — 14.1 18 — .23 — .21 — 1!).:! 9 — .11 — .23 — 22.2 11 — .37 — .24 — 2S. 7 10 — .73 — .29 With m = 7, we buve: — E = ± ".95 licniduals in order of right ascennion. Decliniitioii limit.s. + -i'l- to — 30^ Di'c'li nation liniits. + 40^ to + OO'^ Declination limits. — 30^ to + 90^ SU'aii II -' }^i' t' rj rr' r,,' h. 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 : 23 21 13 14 10 25 "2 i? 46 30 43 25 34 — .m -1.70 + .41 + .!I2 ■!- . 14 — . 10 — .01 + .28 + . 03 4- .Ot) — .'JO — .05 19 1 13 10 11 13 19 12 25 10 — .17 — .17 + .21 + .20 + .40 + .32 + .11 — .08 + .(W — .04 — .13 — .24 40 — .30 19 i —1.25 21 + .35 11 +.85 38 + .20 ;w + .04 21 + .05 .59 + .21 49 + .05 55 + .04 .50 — . Jl 44 1 -.09 A considerable correction «le|)enilinK on « i.s indicated. The residuals from limits — 30° to 4- 90° give:— - ".04 ><\\\ a — ".L'8 COS '/. l!ut, since tilis result is enliiely oppo-sed to that derived from t lie later IJiu.ssels work, the correction is neglected. This could do hut little harm, since the observations receive suuill weight. I (31] KEPOKT OF TEE CHIEF ASTRONOMEK, APPENDIX H. fjST Ce m. T^iio weigbU aro fonnt'd as in the two preceding Cambridge catalogues. KcxiJuala in order of devUnatlon. Mean i! I'll '-'o + 87.5 ;w — .10 — , aa + 75. 8 Vi — ..')0 — . 30 + 70.7 la — .51 — .;!5 + — i.ai -I.aa + -.'0.5 w-* — .'.Mi — .'.la 4- 14.5 5a — .5'J — .CO + f^.i) nn — . .'Hi — .."iS + 5. -J K — . !!(■> - .57 — O.i) U) — ..".:! — . .5,5 — H.li 111 — .i;h - .,50 — i;i.i) la — .:1a — .47 — 11). 1 ! — .a'.t .43 1 — yi.c. li + .77 ,41 — 2G.ii 4 — .47 — ,;i8 With m = 5, we have: I'J = i ",C(). I^csiduah in order of rifiht (tuccnsion. Di'clin.ition liiiiit.s. 1 DocliniiUon liiiiit«. - -;iOJto+!M)-' — :UN to +iioJ Menu IT 7?' r,.' Mean a it' iV h. 1 1 /(. 1 41 i + -Oil 13 :«> + . ;f:i 3 H ; + .(Hi 15 54 — .11 ,5 aa + .na 17 44 — ,10 7 a? + .t'l li) 04 + , la 'J 41 — a4 ai 51 — .o;» 11 48 - ,oa a;i aci + .as) 588 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION, (I31i| Gh 57. Residuals in ordtf of declination. Mean (1 n-' I'o r„ + H(i. 7 4-, + .04 It + . 02 f ., + 7C..a ;«) + .07 + .O,- tj + 70.-1 42 + .11) + . 15 + (i().7 :n + .114 + .1!> + (!1.2 (M + -'-^4 + .211 + r>(i.7 ;i4 + .18 + .22 + ni.o (•(i + .2(i + .10 + -ir.. 1 :»; + .10 + .11 + 40.2 (in + .05 + .11 + :K.r> 54 + .20 + .20 + '.>7. ;s !)4 + .25 + .2 + .22 + .20 — 11.1 ;io + .:il + .--5 -- I^■.H 22 + . 4;t + .20 — 22. ;t :u + . :k) + .20 — an. a .... + .02 + .22 With m = G, we luivo : — J'J = ± ".40. Tlio same quantity for 18G4 i.s i ".-1!) ; i "18 is adopted in i-onstiucting the (hllnitive systoin of weights. Mr. Slonc lliids (Montli. Not., 29-324) for zenithal value of e -Az ".47, e and this becomes ± ".85 at 70°, It is jn-obable, therefore, I hat - is taken too ''. '■'/ licnidimLi in order of right ascension. Dccliiiatio'i limits. Declinntiou liinit-s. Ducliiialion liinitn. | — •M)' to + :,- — ;!0>J to + 40^' — 30' lo+9(P Mean n tt' r,,' tt' >•()' n' >i/ h. „ 1 10 — .25 HO + .01 129 -- .03 .1 20 + .08 45 + .07 55 + .05 5 24 + .01 78 + .07 109 + .08 7 14 + .15 82 + . 15 ni + . 15 >) 8 + .20 0(1 + .00 85 + .OH 11 30 - .12 73 — .05 99 .00 i;i :t'j — .25 50 — .25 78 — .10 15 39 + .11 8:', — .01 108 — .02 17 10 — .45 00 — .02 127 + .02 19 24 + .07 00 — .05 134 — .05 21 27 — . ■')4 77 — .05 140 — .03 1 23 38 - .01) 71 + .05 93 + .10 [!33] KEPOllT OF THE CHIEF ASTKOXOMEK, APPENDIX H. 539 0. G. II. 58. Eeniduah in order of deoHiiation. Meiin i) tt' )-o : Co u 4- 49.8 + 14.7 + :if'.(> + :!•-'. 9 4- :>7.3 + ym + 14. .1 + 8.9 + :i.9 — 0. H — 8.,'-. — 14. 1 — 18.9 — y,'. 4 — y8. ;t 8 10 I!,-) 48 t.'i M ;ii ;)i ;i8 19 \i 19 'JO — ;!. 47 — 1.!.'7 .00 — .'j;i + .10 — .yi — .1;! — .yo — .19 — .y;i — .yi; — .:t8 + .yi + .17 — .08 II ^=2 Tlio wci(;bt8 of the last five groups mo arbi- trarily selected, ami liavo uu reteieiico to tliu scale adopted abovtt. — .()() — .10 — .0.) — .09 — . t.'i — .18 — .yi — .y:i — .y(i — .yi — .i(i — .i;t — .07 — ;!4. 9 — 4y. 1 — f)'-'. 1 — r>8. 7 — 7r.. 1 <■} 4 •J (i ;t — .0] 1 .00 + .18 -1- .09 - .:io 1 + .17 + .i;t 1 + .yr, + .:i(i j + .19 With m = 4, wo have: — J? = ± "..-)0. Dr. Gyldon fiiuls (V. J. S., X, 15)7) for e iroin 15o.2 to 410..1 zenith diHtance i ".45, and ".24* hiit a slight increase to COo Z. D. Assuming e, to be i ^", = i ".17, we have:— E = ± ".48, f(ir tlie zenith. Tlie above vahie, ± ".50, appears to be (luito trustworthy. Jknidiiah in order of right ascension. Declination limits. Declination limits. Declination limits. - -M^ to +:p 4 r>^ to + 40*^ — 30" to 4 40° Mean n tt' >\l' 71- '•"' 7i' l-o' h. II // .. 1 10 + .lo y7 4 .14 ;!7 4 .14 :t ly + .o;t i» - .IG 21 — .or> r> 18 + .10 yy — . 19 40 — .07 7 10 + .yo no 4 .i;> 40 4 .ir. 9 :, + .10 yi — .01 yii 4 .01 11 17 + .yi 19 - .07 :)('■ - .ly i:t 19 .00 :! - .17 yy - .02 15 19 4- . ;i7 14 — .08 '.V.i 4 .14 17 + .04 ir. — .10 •u -- .o,'-. 19 14 4 .yo y.i 4 .114 ;i9 4 .10 yi 14 >•) ly 4 ..vy yii + .ly yi) yi — .08 10 — .(i;t :ii — .07 » 'I Hr. Ijyiden finds J^ ".yi as llii' |iidialile inlnimuin I'rror of ii ilifierence of dfi'iiiiaiKMi. (ill :.T (' . 4 a + 1.1 + .:,\ — '27.0 12 — .() + .22 With HI = 5, we biivo : — U = 1 ",80. ± ".77 is iulopleii. (See Re 45.) Ill (Irawir.g the ciirve I li.ave been luncli assisted by the very complete dis- cussion of this catalogue in Volume V. of the Vierteljahrsschri/t dcr Asi. Geg. The examination for terms in u, however, fails to confirm Table IV., given in the place cited, aa will appear from the followii;g : Ecsiduals in order of right ascentiion. Dccliiintioii liiiiitB. Dcclinntioii liinitH. Ooeliiiii lion limits. — 30- to + r. > — 30- to + 40-^ — 30- to 4. 90" Menu 11 t' >-o' .' ru' ir' »-o' ft. 1 4 -1.4.-. 2S — .3.-> .'>4 - .01 ■A < - .37 13 — .30 19 + .02 i) 12 — .32 28 — ..M 37 — .32 i — . l.'i 31 + .0,j 34 — .01 S) ;i + .90 2r. - .01 .ti — . 12 u 9 + .23 2.1 - .02 37 — .2.''. 1:1 11 + .01 19 + .2."' 32 + .2(i i:> 13 - .0() 29 + .17 4,1 — .13 1? r. — .OC) 25 - .X, 44 — .32 19 l| - .31 31 — .07 44 + .04 21 it + .83 27 r .i'lS .*, + ..M 1 14 — .03 26 + -27 43 T .3(i The correction depending on r, if it exists, is so uncertain, from the small weight, tlial no attempt at discussio'i is madt>, Tlie probable error of the residuals in last coliiinn varies from 4 ".1" to 4 ".18, lia5J KEPOltT OF THE CHIEF ASTllONOMEB, APPENDIX H. 541 Ps60. Residuals in order of declination. Mean d — ' »'o Co + Mi. 8 20 // — . l."> tl — . 19 f ,- + "(i.t) i:! — .47 — .12 o + -ll.H lit — .Uit — .(!.■. 4- (ill. y 8 + .02 .00 + tiO.H 29 + . or, + . 04 + i'Hi.d 28 + .Oit + .01) + 49.7 2.-) + .07 + .10 4- 4r).2 27 + .2i! + .10 + :!!)."> 20 — .12 + .10 + :i;!. iil — .19 + . Oit + 27.4 •17 — .IKi — .Oit + 21.1 •it — .(lit - .11 + 14.0 :,i — . 12 — .1(1 + St.l 8(1 — .2(i — .19 + 4.1 :!i) — . ir> - .20 - 1.7 r,'2 — . i(i — . ICi - 8.7 45 — .08 — . m - 14.1 17 + . Oit + .07 — 18.9 12 + . itr. + .24 — 21.9 lit + .21 + .41 — 27.9 l(t + .71! + .02 The outstanding residuals are tirst corrected for the cil'cct of terms in a, ns found for the entire Paris series. (See Ps 5C.) Witii m = 7, we have : — 11= ±".35. Eesiduah in order of right ascoision. llecliiiation liniitB. Uoeliimtioii limits. Di'cliiiatioii liiiiit.s. D('clinnti + .25 44 + . ICi 12 -1- .21 50 + .17 7 4 + .rio ii!) + .17 1 + .50 40 + .1^ 9 :, .00 :t5 + .2i! 5 — .02 40 + .20 11 12 + .25 40 + .12 24 + .08 04 + .10 lit 2it + .07 :t2 + .02 15 - .09 47 — .02 1.1 19 — .04 4it — .11 24 - . lit 07 — .12 17 10 -~ .10 it7 — .14 ill — .11 08 — .lit 19 19 — .24 49 — .25 I!5 — . 15 84 — .21 21 20 — .07 50 — .27 20 — .05 70 — .20 23 sr> — .03 40 + .01 H — .10 48 .00 i 'SnS 'in I m Vor ffcnornl explanation sco P.s ."iii, i 542 UNITED STATES NOKTUERN BOUNDAltY COMMISSION. [I'M; Bs 60. Residuals in order of declination. Menu (1 _, I'O (\ ,t II + 8(1.7 38 + .21 + .24 f ., + 70.0 19 u .31 + ..36 ir^ + 71.4 18 + . 61 + .40 + <>6.4 i + .32 + .39 + (11. 6 32 + .53 + .30 + .^)C..a 31 + .03 + .14 + .'.1.2 43 — . 15 — .11 + 45.6 19 — .47 - .28 + ;tH.fi 32 — .44 - .31 + ;i;!.o 27 - .20 - .21 + 27. .5 .^.7 — .14 - .04 + 21.5 64 + .11 — .03 + 14.8 65 — .32 — .08 + 9.2 83 — .01 — .09 + 3.2 38 — .27 — .05 — 1.6 53 + .10 — .02 — 8. 5 45 - .10 .00 — 14.0 21 + .03 .00 — 18.8 14 + .13 .00 — 22. 4 19 + .21 .00 — 2H. 2 19 - .25 .00 1 1 The curve from \vbicb C'o is taken is derived Iruui the lueau of B» CO and Bh G5, since tbere is uo reason for supposing tlie two to differ. liesiduals in order of right asccnsivt. Declination liniitii. Declination liniitn. Dcclinntinu Mniits. Declination limits. — 30= to + 5° — 30= to + 40° + 40Oto-r90'^ — 30" to + 90° Menu a tt' jV tt' »o' tt' ro' ■^' 'o' h. 1 // U — .05 47 - .16 29 II + .01 76 II — .10 i 3 18 — .24 30 + .07 8 + .20 38 + .10 5 18 +.31 50 + . 16 12 — .08 62 4- .11 7 11 + .75 46 + .40 6 + .60 r,2 + .42 9 7 — . 10 33 — .09 18 + .12 5). .02 1 11 15 + .05 43 + .05 18 — .31 01 - .05 1 13 28 — .28 40 — .17 14 - . 39 54 -.23 1 '5 18 — . 14 54 — . 22 14 — . 32 08 -.24 17 12 — .40 49 — .28 25 + .09 74 — . 16 19 16 + .13 53 — .07 20 - .17 73 — .10 21 20 + .04 46 — .02 34 + .09 80 + .03 23 20 + . 15 46 - .12 12 - .12 58 -.12 1 There is a tol<*rably well-marked correction indicated, wbicb is substantiated by I be examination of lis 65. From tbe combined + 90°, we have :— - (".17 i ".(».!) sill a + (".(Hi,") -J: ".(>;5)eosa alues of >•„' in tbe limits — 30° to 1137J KEPOUT OF THE UUIEE A8TRONOMEK, APPENDIX II. 543 Tliis is very nearly what iiiigbt bave beeu predicted from the discussion of Brad- ley's declination, the zenitbpoiuts at Ikus.sels beinf? derived IVom a standard catalogue of a niucb earlier cpocb, with jiroper motions computed from the Funddmcnta. Correcting the values of r for the curve and the above formula, with m = 8, we have for IJs 00: — J? = ± ".no, Me 02. Residuals in order of dccUHation. Menu n v' ro c„ 4- 4t!.fl + 40.4 + :i.-'.7 ;j 1.77 " C t\ 5 ,09 ' =a 4 + .98 "■■+■«'" ^1 + :w.4 10 + .58 + .44 + 27. 1 25 + .54 + .40 -f 21. 28 + .liO + .:!H + 14.7 ;i7 + .22 + .;!8 -i- '.*. 2 :i9 + .;i5 + .5() + 4.2 22 + .75 + .74 - 1.2 :!i + I. U + .88 — .-..'•. 24 + .«.i + .87 — 14.0 15 + .48 + .77 — IC. () 11 + i.;w + .CO — 22. 6 12 + .90 + .57 — 28.2 14 + .:!3 + .46 - :i4.8 2 + .52 + .21 — 41.1 1 — .Of* + .(Hi — .^)0. 1 2 — .12 — .04 — 51). 4 (•> - .;iO - .20 — 75.1 ;i — .19 — .14 The correction here determined is applicable in addition to the correction given in Introduction to VVilliamstown, 1801-'C3 (pp. xxi and xxii). With m — 6, we have : — i; = ± ".90. This large probable error, nearly twice that of Me 08, found in precisely the same way, may be partly owing to the neglect of correction proceeding according to a. The observations themselves are known to be less exact* than those of Me 08, but appar- ently not in the ratio indicated above. In the comparison of Gh 57 - Me 02t Dr. Gyldeu finds :— + ".07 coa a + ".14 sin « - ".40 cos 2 a — ".34 siu 2 a. Something like this is indicated in the examination below, and probably has a real existence. On the whole, I thought it not advisable to investigate the correction, what- ever it is, depending on a. m • rHe V. J. 8., vol. V, p, 2H9. t/Wd.,p.291. i; t. ,'544 UNITED STATES NOKTUEKN BOUNDAllY COMMISSION. Rcniduah in order of right asvcnuion. [138J Dccliimtion liiiiitH. Dt'cliimtioti liiiiitH. Ouelin.'xtioii HmitH. — -.m^ to + 5" + r.o til + 40^ — ;M»^to + 40o Monn a n' ro' tt' ro' r' >■(/ h. II // „ I 7 — .17 19 — .Ort 20 — .10 :< 11 — .20 :t — .;m 14 - . 24 r> 10 + ■^>* 20 — .(M 42 — . ;i;t 7 H + .10 Iri — .1:1 SO — . 00 U 4 + .10 11 + . 15 Irt + .14 11 10 -f .n 14 + .41 21 + .29 i:t 14 + .lift 2 + .(iO ir> + .05 1.1 y + .2H 10 + .'.)2 19 + ,02 17 n — .70 12 — .19 18 — . :io ift 7 — .05 14 — .25 21 — .:!i 21 12 + .:i7 10 + .29 22 — .07 aa 18 + .19 10 + .12 28 + . 10 Wn64. The weights (»') are constructed as explained in Section V. Residuals in order of dedi nation. Monn d «•' ro Co n // + 87. 1 95 + .10 + .10 + 70. 1 50 + .20 + -11 + 70.7 51 + .27 + .08 + 00. 1 38 — .03 + .00 + 02.0 4;! — .41 + .03 + 50.2 19 — .07 - .01 + .'■.o.o 20 + .32 — .05 + 45.7 22 4- .11 — . 09 + :»8. 8 24 + .08 — .14 + :):). 11 — .04 — .21 + 27.4 59 — .33 — .29 + 21.4 07 — .44 — .38 + 14.5 79 — .31 - . 45 4- 8.9 80 — ..'■9 - . 1(! + 4.5 38 — .44 — .44 — !.:» 40 — .11 — .39 — 8.8 37 — .38 — .29 — i:i.9 15 — .00 - .21 — 18.9 8 + .4 -.12 — 21.4 5 + .0 — .07 — 28.2 15 — .1 + .00 Correcting the ontstandiug resiilii.nls by tlio formula embracing terms in a (see Wn 47) and with m = 0, we have : — A' = .71. [139] REPORT OF TOE CHIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX H. 545 Reshluah in onhr of right aKcmion. Decliimtioi liniitH. Di'oliiiaticiii liiiiitH. IJc'cliiiiitliin limits, Didiniitlon liinitH. — :io^ to + &'^ -;io ' to + 40 > + 40' to + 00- — 3(»-^ to + 00" Mean a ;t 'o' ::' '•,' 63 !•,/ rr' '■(/ h. I - .no ."-.O — .19 - .05 118 — .18 ■^ H — .sr> •)k> - .18 8. — .3(> 30 — .18 r> 11 + .04 :iii — .r.:i 17 — .03 f)3 — .37 7 'i — .80 80 — .84 11 — .50 40 — .31 9 2 + .80 80 + .17 10 + .48 39 + .85 n 6 — .80 ;i."> — .10 80 — .38 (14 — .83 i:i 80 + .47 :ii + .■.i8 :i8 + .MS «(i + .30 15 10 + .:u ■1.-. -f- .40 Art + .85 93 + .31 17 18 + . 10 II + .;ii 38 + .80 73 4- .30 19 18 — .;i7 ;>i — .OS 31 - .37 85 - . 19 81 80 + .81 41 - .08 4r> + .83 80 1 +.11 S3 30 — .00 fii + .05 85 — .00 70 + .01 Tbe general explanation is fjivon under Wn 17. Gil G4. ReHiduah in order of declination. ' Mean 6 "' 1-0 <',! o II ^1 + 80. 7 47 + .11 .00 f 'I + 70. 5 41 — ,83 .00 + 70,7 47 - .18 ,00 ' + 00. 4 41 + .00 .00 + 01,4 54 + .07 ,00 + ,55. 88 — .14 .110 + 51.0 ,'■.3 + .80 .00 + 4,5.0 53 — .18 .00 + 40. 8 08 + .18 .00 + 38. 8 55 — . 03 + .07 + 87.8 87 + .10 + . 18 + 81. 1 101 + .13 + . 15 + 14.0 108 + , 15 + . 18 + 8. 9 188 + ,05 + . (15 + 4.8 50 + , 10 .00 - 1.8 04 — .00 — 8.0 05 -.07 — .113 - 14. 1 80 + .07 + .H — 18.8 17 + .01 + .84 — 8.'. 1 81 + .85 + .38 — 8^. 1 83 + .55 + .49 With m = 5, wo have : — E .19. ± ".48 is adopted for tbe deflnitivo weights, a.s explained iindei (Ih 57, ■ti- N B- -35 546 UNITED STATES NOllTnERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. Residuals in order of right ascension. I140J Declination liinltH Dccliniitiou llniiU, Uecliimtion limits. — aooto + 50 — 30^' to + 40" — 30^ to + 90° Means t' i-ii' "■' ! I'o' w' ro' h. 1 U + r,7 70 + .14 114 II + .05 y Ki + 09 37 — .09 54 - .01 5 2,-> 01 73 + .03 104 + .04 7 7 — 19 08 — .15 77 — .13 9 7 — .40 58 — .14 7(5 — .02 u 21 — .14 GO — .05 91 — .11 i;i :i;i — .14 49 - .12 79 — .05 15 28 — .00 70 + .01 lie — .03 17 9 .00 01 + .11 103 + .09 10 23 + .02 78 - .02 121 - .00 21 27 + .23 G9 + .18 138 + .ll 23 33 + .05 00 + .13 85 + .04 For remurks see Bii CG. Pa 01. Residuals in order of declination. Mean 1} t' I'll (^0 + 8fi.O 20 - .18 II — . 22 '-=2 + 70.0 12 - .40 — , 20 + "0.7 11 — .10 — .27 + 00.2 8 — .04 — .27 + 01. 1 21 — .30 — .25 + .Mi. 3 21 — .17 ^0*2 + Mji 30 — .17 ^^ht + !.-..3 2.-> — . 33 — .20 + 3;'.5 25 — . V.) — .30 + 32.8 33 — .31 — .28 + 27.2 47 — .15 — .1(5 + 21.0 50 — . 03 - .06 + 14.0 53 — .00 — .07 + il.l 77 — .21 — .10 + 4.0 25 -- .29 iM — 1.8 51 - . 10 — .21 — 8.5 40 - .15 — .13 — 14. 1 15 + .02 + .04 — 18.9 10 + -41 + .29 — 21.9 13 — .08 + .43 — 27. 9 15 + 1.01 + .90 With the correction depending on a, and with w = 9, wo have: — E=± ".37. From Ps CO, wo have : — i' = ± ".41. Tho mean is adopted, since both series are essentially the same. 1141] REPORT OF THE CDlEr ASTRONOMER, APPliNDlX O. 547 Kcsidmh in onhr of rigid ascaiHion. Di cliiiiition liniilH, Dirliiiiitiuii liniitH. Ucolirmlion limits. Dt'cliiintion limits. Mi'Jin (1 A, - ;!0O to jr' — 30 ■^ to + 40^ + 40" to + UOU — 30° to + 1)0° "' r' tt' iV ,, It I 8 - .y:. 'J + .(14 25 + .11 (i7 + .08 :< I a + .13 24 + .(r. 13 + .0.-. 37 + .05 r> 1(> + .3M 4.-. + . i'.» — .07 r.4 + .14 t 4 + .Oil 40 + .13 1 + .30 41 4- .14 •J 5 + .i!0 31 i + .0^ H + .30 44 + .li 11 10 + .'i-i 37 — .(11 23 + .It! (iO + .05 13 a3 — .10 32 — .():! 14 + .03 4ii — .01 ir. so + .03 i-i — . 1.'. 15 - .09 f)7 - .14 17 10 - .(!(> 31 — . 1.-. 15 — .17 49 — .10 1!» 13 — .or. 48 — . 'J7 12 - .24 t>0 — .27 ill n + .O.j 3U — . Ill 17 — .01 f)(i — .14 aa 10 — .Oti 3a + .50 4 .00 3(1 + .04 Tbo correction is derived iitKler Ps 50. Bs 05. Kesidiials in order of ihclination. Mi;nn i' I'c f'u n + W.O 22 + .'-'7 + .24 *■ •! + 7(i.(i 18 + .22 -f .30 + -0.5 9 + .47 + .40 + 07.3 1 + .'.5 + . 39 + 01. H 1(> + .37 + .31 + .-,.-.. 17 — .01 + .10 + 50.2 30 — .00 — .17 + 4.-.. 2 21 — 22 — .29 + :i;i.o 20 — . 30 — .31 + 3-.'. 5 2(i + .l'-^ — .19 + 27. 4 51 — .05 - .03 + 21.3 47 + .27 + .01 + 14.4 48 — .OS — .08 + as G7 + .o: — .09 + 4.2 27 + .11 — .05 — l.il 47 — .12 — . 02 — H. I'l 42 + .02 .00 — 14.11 22 + .20 .00 — iH.a 15 + . 15 .00 - — 22. 3 18 + .13 .00 — 23. 2 8 — .05 .00 1 ' ' il From tlie final residuals, corrected ii.s in the case of B.s CO, wo have (with m = 8);— E = ri "Ai. I have considered this large increase in precision to be real, and have adopted the respective values of J?, as determined, in constructing the definitive table of weights for Bs 00 and B.S Co. 648 UNITED STATES NOUTIIEUN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. (1431 HesidualH in order of right asceiiKion. Det'liniilinii llniltii. Dfol Illation limitii, DfcliiinlUin limits. Di'cliniition limits. ■ -yooto + o" — yo" to + 40» H- 40" to + UO^ — 30" to + 00° Mi'an a rr' '•i>' „/ I'll' tt' 'V n' '■o' h. ,, ,, ,/ It I 11 -l-.;ir. i:i + .115 20 — .09 03 4- .08 :i i;{ + .:^, *K\ + . ;iu 7 + .10 :to + .wi 5 i:i + .iJ :i7 + .:i5 7 + .i;» 44 + .:i2 7 i> + ..w M + .:» :i + ..!0 31 + .31 7 .00 28 + .11 10 + .29 38 + .18 11 li + .I'J :u) + .'J0 18 + .2tl 54 + .2-J i;« 'M - . •-•0 :(8 - . 0(1 10 + .10 48 — .03 15 !>0 + .01 41 .00 i:i + .07 54 + .01 17 10 — .00 11 — .01 15 - .11 59 — .00 li) i:i — .0,-. 15 - .18 7 + .19 5a - .13 '21 ai + .05 ■\:\ + .05 19 — .07 ii-i + .01 ua IG — .08 :i4 .00 8 - .H4 ii - .00 For further oxplnnatioiis see Bs GO. PsCG. Residuals in order of declination. Mean (^ -' ro Co o II ,, + «. 1 10 — . 32 - . 20 f 4- TO. 7 7 - .10 — .20 t,-^ + 70.9 5 — . 15 — .18 + 00.(1 5 — .19 — .12 + 00.11 19 + .01 — .03 + 5(>..'') 19 + .07 .(lO + r.o. 4 20 + -ll - .01 + 4.'.. 2 27 - .13 - .07 + ;w.4 21) — .20 - . 15 + :(•.>. u 34 — .19 — .10 + 27.4 47 — .00 - .10 + 21.2 51 - .03 — .00 + 11.7 j-j.j - .11 — . 10 + 9.1 78 — .29 o'l + ll 20 — .32 — .27 - 1.8 48 — .21 - .24 — 8.5 . 41 • . *.'» — .19 - 11. 1 14 + .01 — .09 — l.-.? 12 - .14 + . 02 — 21.9 12 + .11 + .14 — 27. 9 15 + ..50 + .39 In the same manner as with I's Gl, we li.ivc : — E = rt ".41. ■k .39 is adopted, as previously explained. I14a UKPOUT OF THE CIUKF ASTIiONOMElt, APPENDIX U. JicHidiiah in oiiltr of rijiht ascension. i349 The discusBiou of correction is given uniler Ps 50. Bn 00. Each value of r receives woiKlit one. Pesiihtals in order of declination. Ml mi (' w •« ) n o II // + cr>. a + .•M + .41 + 70. ;i 4 + .47 + .07 + 71.0 li + .M + .71 + 0(i. 1 :t + .7a + ..'•>7 4- li'.'.d r. + . ai) + .as + .^(i.d I .45 — .28 -i- riO.Cv 10 — .58 .54 + 4r.. .1 ti — .liH . 50 + ;i!t. 'J ;i — .«a — . .Mi •f .'W. H .>■) — .27 — .45 + '.'7.0 fi — .58 — .-.l-i + '^11.7 1) — .10 ■— . 25 + ir..o 4 — .41! — .20 + 9.(1 8 .00 — .21 + 4.1 4 — .:i4 — .27 — l.:t H .:!(! . ;!5 — 8.2 4 — . :i5 .40 — 11.0 a + .05 — .40 — IH.7 •,t .70 — .40 — !W. :> ;i — .4H — .40 — at!, ri 1 [+ .r,ij L- .4(1] Di'clinntlnii liniilM. Drclllintioii liinilH. Di'C'liiiati I ! I- : >?M| ) I ,.: ■•11 550 UNITED STATES XOUTnERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. licsiduals in order of right ascension. [U41 Decliniitidii liiiiita. — 30" til + U'J Ueclinntiiin liniila. — ;;o- to + 40=' Docliiiation limit.'!. + .10° to + n CO. This eoineidciice between the peiiodic term.s of (1) and (2) tends to prove that the dis('rei)aney lietween Gh 04 and JUii 00 ir- almost wholly due to error of the latter. Talcinf; the mean epoch of 'he catahifjiies n|Miii whicli are ba.sed the declinations of Wolfei's Tdhiilw lialinlionitm (also Berlin Julnbiuli, on s' hieh Argelaiider's (ISOO) decli- nations are founded) to be 1832, and nssumiii}; llieir mean to be practically free from error, iiroeeediiit; aecordiiifj to lijiht a-icension, we shall have as the correction to these declinations (Jkriin Jahilnicli) lor ISOO, and lor + 20" declination: — i^: X (-1- ".."■! sin a + ".17 COS a) == + ".37 sin a + ".00 cos a* Considering the a cat incertainty of the individual positions of Wolfer's catalo};ue for ISOO, this may l)e re;,Mideil as a very fair appro.ximatioi. to (2), which is adopted as the diliiiitive correcliMi i-ir the zone — 30° to +40°. The Northern stars appear to ie(|uire no such correct ion. With m =8, we hav • :— £ = i ".31. ■ Argoliiiulii Uiuln (V. .1. S., Vol. v., ji. 1 10.) Gr. ItUl — Wollci'.s^;: -f 0".475 i^lii ( + .00 8 - . &.-. - .42 4 + 1.30 8 +I.3(i 20 + . 15 28 + . 74 41 — .03 + 0.-. + (i-J 'i — . 15 4 + .;!0 —1.00 5 + .53 + .1--2 2 +1. Ill 4 +1.011 || + .07 - . 10 8 ' .47 17 — .4« !> — i.o:! 4 — I.(i0 17 IH 20 21 + .02 3!) — . 10 + no + r.t 1 — :i. Ill 7 — .03 1 + 1.00 3 + .'.V 5'+ 1.110 M — . 17 23 + . :i.| 10— . 10 40 — 10 G —1.00 1 — 1.00 17 >.^ 30 - .40 + .1.-. r> — 1.,'->0 1 + .00 •j -i. io 1! + 1.03 o;+ .11 -1.03 0+1.20 22 - .44 + ;;;• 4 -1. 4.-1 (i + .05 d — .37 il - .03 14 — . 55 10 — .40 32 - .22 + :w 17 -1.77 l:l — .:t7 io — . 55 20 — .53 24 1— . 43 12 — . 02 7 — .01 24 —2. 75 + '27 f.U — l.:!i 41 — .0! ;!:! — .00 :m + .02 41 1— .05 33 — .20 30 ;+ . 12 .52 — .20 + s-'l i\ — L.'^.l W -1. 15 :w — . 48 27 + .14 41 — . 'HI 38 - .51 31 + . 12 34 - .37 + K' M --1.7rt DO -i.;w 24 — .48 43 — .40 44 — .i-a 38 -.20 37 — . 15 54 - .05 + i) fiO -l.W) o:i -1.10 ;i:t — .4'.» 54 - .41 52 — 1.20 40 - .08 20 + . 07 54 — ,55 + 4 :!o -1. (4 :i;8 — .:!7 24 + . 41! 20 - .10 10 — .07 12 — 1.80 10 —1.14 18 — ..'■:8 — 1 ;ii — .b.') 40 + .15 24 + .07 23 + .22 211 -I. iO 14 — .07 15 -- .71 27 — .70 — H :m — .01 ;ii *>^ 18 + .80 311 + .40 21 — . 50 IH — .K! 14 — .04 !'.» — .24 — 11 io — .:i-< 18 — .21 8 + .58 15 + .55 13 —1.01 I 4 .00 3 + .43 10 — .25 — li» io + .01 10 -- .10 — .45 + .72 10 — 1. 80 -1.18 4 —1. 02 / — .07 t>'> u — .0:! 10 + .14 / 4- .40 s - .i: 10 — 1.00 () — l.HJ 3 + .30 / — . ,57 — '.'8 10 +y. 85 7 + .Ki 4 + ,18 ' + .110 4 1—2. 07 5 —2.70 3 — . Oli 10 + .15 For the earlier years the eurve of toneetioii for staru from + ,').'JO to + !UI0 is !.<.( 'ssarily largely ideal. With various values of )», I deduct' vouyldy. 1;= J. l".L From Ee 7",, we have: — 1; = i ".9. The mean ± 1".00 is adopted in (brminj; the dcfinitivo table of weights. 1 *> dll ii 1^ ir. 552 UNITED STATES NOUTUEHN JJOUNDAUY COMMISSION. [I40| licsiduals in order of right ascension. Mraii a ii. 1 ;i ,5 7 1) 11 i;i 15 17 10 21 2:t 1{(^ 02. ]{o c;i. Ko (J4. Ro 05. Kc CO. lie. 07. K.. 08. It.) 00. :i7 18 :t7 27 'Jd '^7 iiO 51 54 :!i To' tt' >o' :r' 'V t' 4 7 • > !) 1 11 3 13 5 15 2 17 1 r.) :t 21 2 23 1 — .nr. + ,07 + .2-. .00 .00 + .10 — .28 + .0.". + .10 + .20 — . 30 — .20 D«clinati(in liiiiilH. — 30'^ to +40^^ Di'clinaiioii limits. — 30° to +'J0-' 10 10 7 T) 7 7 7 10 ri S + + + .00 . 12 .14 .01 + .22 .00 + ; i'l + .yi + .07 + .09 — .la 18 H 17 H 10 17 10 14 I.''. 18 1() la I Lu 07. Each value of r receives equal wei^Iit. Rcsidvals in order of declination. Mean .(i 10 — .33 — .20 + 40.0 11 — .Oi» -- .20 + 33.0 i) — .20 — .20 + 27.2 H — .21 — .20 4- 20.7 7 — .40 — .2(i + M.r. ;» _ . 22 - .24 + H.r. 11 _ .37 yo + 3.0 ^1 — .10 — .10 — 'J ti + .0(1 — .09 — 8.0 l! + .17 + .01 — 14.1 :t .14 + .09 Witli m = I, «■»' liiivc:- /v'=-- I ".1.17. - .03 - .04 4- .10 - .01 + .00 - .15 - .12 4 .04 -4 .10 4- .04 4- .02 - .14 '! . Tlio wcifilit (on tlip adopted scale) fiotii tliis viiluo of E is t.S .\s the fiiiuliiinpntiil iiiid circ'uriiiioiMr fliiiH me, wiiiiout doubt, more e.Yuclly detertaliu'd than olln'is at Lei- den, to tlieni in definitive di.sciKs.sion, is aHMigned weight 5.0, and to all otheiH weight 554 UNITED STATES NOUTnEHN D0UNDA15Y COMMISSION. [148] licsiihiah in order of rijiht, ascension. Di'clinntion liiiiita. IXrlinalion liiiiits. IXclinntion limits. — 30'Jto+&" — ■M'^ to + 40" — ;i0" to+UOJ Meau a h. n-' i\< lo' jt' >■<,' II „ // 1 1 -f- .40 11 - .o.'-. 29 - .01 :i ;! 22 4 — .2t 14 — .02 5 *) + .04 14 -1- .0.1 29 — .03 * 8 + . OS + .02 12 + .11 — .o:i 9 t) + -It 8 14 11 2 + ,07 () — .Oi! 26 + .01 M o + .08 4 + .o:! 111 - .05 ].'•> :t - .12 11 - .05 2.1 - .01 17 o — ,(W 22 — .01 :!9 ~ .05 19 4 + .11) ll! + .14 32 + .07 iil i; 4 .0.^ lO + .11 1(5 + .0:i 21! 4 -1- .:i4 12 + .07 20 + .06 Mu tiS. licfiii} iiah in order ol' dalination. o .' i\\ r„ II // ■h 49.0 2 r+ i.si 4 1.2 '-=--3 4- 4.-.. s 11 ■f 1.1 4 1.0 + :!s.(i 12 4 , r,:i 4- .61 4- :!2.;i 16 + . ir 4 .2;i 4 27,4 ;i6 4 .ii(. 4 .t'l 4 21,1 40 — .06 - .14 4 11. (i 44 — .46 — ,15 4 8.8 r.o — .o;) — .15 4 4.4 29 — .12 — .15 1 -- 1.:! :i9 — ,0',( — .17 ■— H. <; ;in — .21 ~ .20 — 14.4 17 — .41 — .2,-. — l,-<.8 i:i — .(Mi — .29 — 22. l(> _ .4,^1 — ..u — 2.-'. 1 17 — .:!;i - .:)4 — ;t4.8 >> _ .27 — .;irt — 42. 1 ;i — .4H — . :i9 - r,o. I ,) + .119 — .:t4 — WX 2 7 . ;!6 — .u;i — T.-). I ;i .05 - .09 Wifh m — o, we biiv»> : — /; = i: ".47. Dr. G.yhlen found, from tbo results of l.SG.T-'j:- • ;■ -^Jiil-M? + ^ 1<».;203 + (MMOT [';i|J:J } This would i^ivi> nearly rL "f> os llic piDliiiiili' oiror coiTt'sinnidiiij; to E above. Ah it is probablo tliat in latiT woik (Ik^ iicciuacy of observation improved, tbe value lor E, -J "Al, is adlieivd to. ___ •V.J.S.,liU.lV,b. lU-X [149] KEI'OUT OF TIIJ.: CHIEF ASTRONOMEK, ArPENDTM 11. Bmdii'th in orHcr of right amnsion. 555 Declination limits. + 5'^' to— •JO'-^ I Miuin II h. 1 8 3 12 r, Kl 7 10 9 ■t n 9 \:\ 22 13 20 17 10 19 10 81 13 23 18 + 0-, 21 10 8 + .10 21 . I.l 1(> .30 12 J- . 12 20 ._. . tw 8 + . 2.^> 20 -f- .I.'-. 20 .10 y:i .19 27 + .02 12 Di'ilinnliiiii lirnilK. + f)"^ t(^ + 300 + . l.'i .00 + .50 4- .20 — .10 — .10 - .02 — .14 .00 + .or. ~- .43 Di'clii'niion liiiiils. — au^ io + 40'-> 32 20 40 2() 10 29 30 40 30 30 30 30 + .11 .00 4- .04 — .(i3 + .07 — .03 — . 04 — .12 -- .04 — .03 — .03 — .10 I'or fiutber remarks see Section V., couipaiison of Me 08 and Wii 03. \Vii OS. Tlio weigbts are adoiited from the discussion in Section V. Ersidvfih in order ofdaiinaHov. M.-a , (! — / '■" 1 Co o ^^ /, -'r f>'. 40,-. + .Oi 4 .01 + 70.'. 1-1 - .02 + .08 4- 7(1.7 172 + . 1.-3 - .14 A- 00.7 124 + .10 - .18 + (i2. 1 79 + .34 + .24 H- ,-.-..3 no + .23 - .32 -(- riO.4 !.-|3 + .42 -- + 4.'.. 7 81 + .35 + .39 •t- 39. 1 247 4 .30 + .43 J- 33.2 78 + .41 + .40 4- 27.(5 41)0 + .43 + ,48 + 21. 1 3;I9 + ..M + .M + 1 !..'■> 410 + .Ul + .r« + H.9 ,V2() + .09 + .57 + 4.2 220 4- .45 + .58 -- 1.3 330 + .70 + .:'ii — 8.7 3:1 1 4 .'17 1 -(. .00 -- 14. 1 12') 1 -r ••'■•' ! 4- .02 - 19. 1 08 + .54 4- .09 - *l.5 10» + . 04 + .7.5 - «.8 lor + .95 i + .e8 llu- values d' r„ «onUri.a\nVlu.v.i, veiy Nvell represented l>y tbo correetion d-ilved Ml Seelivn V. iX-oni a coiiipaiison of Wn Cli and -Mo 08. Tiie wei-ht.s were eon«trn.'l.d ..n u (lull *4k«« probitWc error was supiiosed to 1". .t 1 .00. riio lalier value lor E is adopted. li 55() UNITED STATES XOHTUKItN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. [150] IicsiJuah in order of right ascension. mm m lit DL-(liir,itii)ii limits. — 3U"ti. +riO Di'cliiiiition liiiiilH. — 30^^ to + 40J Di'cliimtiuii liiiills. + 40^' to + 90" Dicliiintioii limits. -30° to + 90'^ Mean o i t »o' tt' Io' 7t' >•»' it' To' 1 3 r> 7 11 13 ir. 17 19 21 23 03 !)4 85 02 39 04 103 130 (>8 101 129 135 — . 23 — .."lO + .07 + .17 — ,08 + .18 — .12 + .0-' + . 10 — . I'i — .12 + .1-1 3:.o 102 ;i07 2,".0 230 327 283 351 251 290 23S 237 — . 05 — .18 — .02 + .03 + -M + .07 — .00 + .01 + .05 — .21 — .13 + .11 177 21 35 90 49 97 118 1^-1 i:!ii 113 219 140 .00 + ..M — .13 + .10 — .30 — .04 — .14 — . 02 .00 + .12 + .18 + ,13 527 180 342 349 285 424 401 532 387 409 4,57 377 II — .03 — .08 — .03 + .07 + .00 + .05 — .09 .00 + .04 — .12 + .01 + .12 Gil 70. Itcsiduuls in order ofdci Unation. .Mean i T!' '•o in. + 80. G 48 — . 15 // — .00 — .05 f + 70.4 42 — .51 — .19 -.19 ,-■' 1 + 70. 59 - .09 — .24 — .24 -f- ()0.4 31 — .04 — .29 — .20 4- 01.1 89 — .31 — .3 — .28 + 50.0 30 — .91 — . 30 — .28 + 51. 1 71 — .40 — .39 — .28 + 45.0 01 — .29 — .41 — .28 + 39. 8 82 — .55 — .42 - .29 + 32. 9 01 — .42 — .40 - . 32 + 27.3 87 — .32 — . ".5 — .30 + 21. 1 90 — . 21 — .33 - .43 + 14.0 97 — .41 — .41 — .54 + 8.9 120 — . .>.> — .54 — .04 + 4.3 51 — .07 - .09 — .75 ; — 1.7- 73 -1.15 — .87 — .88 :. - 8.7 52 — 1. 15 — 1.15 —1. 05 ' -Vl.l 19 —1.05 — I.;t8 —1. 10 ; i • — 18.0 15 — l.tll —1.00 -1.25 — 22.0 20 — 1.28 — 1.80 —1.32 — 27.8 19 —2.11 —2.1 -1.4 Tlio preliminary corroctiou — 1".17 [s\\\ ^z^ siii V) found from tlio fundamental and circiunpnlar star.s is unnsnal; colunin '• Vorni'- is tiicrelcrc conii)iiU'd Ironi it in order to show it.s {jonoral apcenn-nt wiili the definitive curve. A slight increase of tbe. eoeflieient would make the agreement better. With /« = 5, we have: — E = i ".5S. Thi.s increase over the value.s <>( E found for Gh "i anil Gh 01 is most likely due to the error iu microscope micrometers, lately discovered at Greenwich. [151] REPORT OF TDE CUIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX H. Ecsidnals in order of right anccnsion. 557 DecliniitiDii liiiiitH. — ;!Oti. + ,V Drcliiiatioii 1 iiiits. Di'rliiintion limits. — 30=' to -f 90" Afean a -' '"' _/ >o' tr' '■o' ft. 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 1.^ 17 19 21 23 11 U 24 5 7 17 33 32 15 23 IB 29 — .o-,> + .•';! + .11 + KB — .20 — .14 — .18 .00 — .17 + ..10 + .0-J — . 33 71 33 70 65 55 (iO 49 78 72 HI 04 59 + .01 + .23 — .04 — .09 + .0-J -j- .01 -- .O.' + .01 — .0,-. + .09 — .03 — .2(1 14() 4(3 111 74 H-2 121 H4 12S 133 110 129 64 // — .03 + .17 -1- .02 — .08 — .01 — .14 — .03 — .13 + . 05 + .11 .00 — .14 -*x i l!u72. The eorrocfions for ihis series of animal catalogues are determined in thn came manner as tliose for Re CO. Iteniduah in ordir of declination. m Wo havc;- E = :L ".!). ± l".00 is adopted, as ^viuu.slj explained. R L-70. i; ■71. i s e?2. i; |.73. lltnii d i »o 1 1 _/ 'o -' »■" o ,. „ + 87 + 76 + 70 3U 23 32 f . 21 -- .(10 + .31 31 19 32 + . 27 - .20 (- .38 "() 20 33 + + .21 ..■!0 .40 21 ;>'0 -^ .20 + .03 + .53 + .85 + .71 + G> 15 + .22 10 -< ■ . 97 19 .79 15 + 62 45 — .10 40 + .38 ■V\ + .40 28 + 50 38 + .33 39 + . 58 V.I -(- .92 39 + 1.09 + 51 .35 + .09 28 + .45 33 + ..|2 27 4- .39 + 4,> 30 + .25 21 — .01 19 + .■\> 17 + . 59 + .08 + 39 28 — .29 21 + 29 20 + .17 27 + 32 31 — .lifi 20 — .23 20 :") 29 — .04 + 27 .53 — .m (iO — .20 50 ,2" 53 — . 35 -f- 21 •13 — . r.ii 41 — .U 41 — .02 38 + .17 + 1.-. 51 - .04 51 + .17 • 1<> + .33 59 + .22 + 9 (iO + . 15 00 + .48 51 .46 00 + .31 + 4 — .11 + .25 24 + 23 19 — .33 21) — . 15 30 + .14 28 + .37 31 + .07 "~ ,^ 25 — .4ii - .04 22 -1- 13 18 — .97 — 14 U — .90 5 + .04 10 + 15 10 — .13 — 19 -23 5 G — 1.04 — . 15 — .70 + . 30 3 9 + 17 32 7 5 + .02 — 1..56 — 2S 8 —1.05 — . 38 40 9 + .12 558 UNITKI) STATKS NOHTIIKIJN JJOUNDAIJY CO.MMISSION. [152] Mean a 1 :i Ti 7 1) 11 i:i ir, 17 1!) a I Hii 70. licnidiiah in order of rif/ht aHccnnon. lie 71. 1 Kr7'.'. 07 '.','■> 411 :\i (■(I :to 07 71 0!) a9 ro' + .o;j + .&'> — .yrt — .yi — .(»!» — .11 — .y7 — .'.'0 + .;t:! + .H — .m iV ot 17 :),■) 4:1 :w .^7 70 .V.I 44 — .!);! + .411 + .:i7 — .(ir> + .-'I — .17 — AH + .ii;i + .ti.'i — .'i.\ — .(H + .01) r.8 vo 41 ;)o 48 4.'. 00 0.". 70 70 4-J + .117 — . 14 — . 1.'. + . 1.-. — .vil + .00 — .--'4 — .07 — . I.-. — .01 -I- .0(1 For lit! 73 tlii'iv i.s an iipiiiirt'iitl.v welliiimki'd cdricctioii ilcix'iidiiijj; on a; but as it i.s not siippoitcd hy tlio ri'siilts ol oilier .vfiiis, 1 have tlioii{;lit it bcHt to omit tlif discussion. \Vn 12. Tlio rcsiduai.s are computed from \\w stariduTd jilacrs for eacli year, in tbo dis- cussion, - =3 is assumed. Ilmiduiih ill order of declinatiot D1X"I,INATI0N StUJ POLO. Wn 70 AV i71-2. A\ 11 7;). \Vn 74." Mean (! 1 n' ro '0 rr' » 1 t'u n' ro ( n' I'O Co „ // // 7.'i r, 14 - . 10 + .r.7 00 00 ly + .0:1 .(III 00 00 H 19 4- _ .'. 7 .:!0 00 + .no -\ .li- S7 yl + .07 00 no + . y4 00 27 to 00 ■M + .70 + .yi AllOVK I'OI a:. + H7 •27 + .ly 00 ;iO _ . I'.'.l no yo + yo 00 XI — .24 — .21 + 70 10 + .14 (10 t* + .:i4 00 4 + yo + .oy 18 — . II.S — .yo + 70 12 — ..^o 1(1 .o:( (III yo + .114 14 — . 19 — .n:t -f O.'i •jy — .09 00 y;i + . 1.'. 00 10 ^■ 111 + .117 III — .4-' — .41 + r,(i 5 + . oy (III •t + : . l'.» — . 04 t 10 + .1:1 111 — .72 — . ;).> + .^.0 2.^ — .4.-. — .00 y4 .111 — .10 i:i + :!0 + .H yi - . 4.-I — .112 + 40 n, — .4:. — .(W H + . II'.) — . 1.-. 10 1:. + . y:i yii — .7y — .07 + :u) U'J -f . 00 — .11 ;iy . y.'» - .y:i :ty + :!- + . :iy 44 — .70 — .74 + -M 1) — .H — .i;i 1:1 — . 00 — .y.s 1:1 + I.'. + .41 I.-. — . r>8 — . 79 + 5.-7 .'■)4 — .14 — . 1.'. 0'.) . ;i.-. — .lit Ul + T.I + . 49 on — .91 — .I--.: + yl f,0 .Oil — .10 71 — .y? — . ;m .^o + .'.li + .0:1 7y — . 8.") - .84 + 1« 41 — .:io — .10 70 — .5:1 — . :i;i M + l.ll + .'0 71! — .09 — .HI + 1) 07 — .y7 — . 10 ■J — . yo — .;ty o:t + 4" + . •'! 9.'. — .04 — .70 + 4 •*u -f .i;i — .14 •.'••J _ .00 — .:ii ;t:l + HI + . ,'i9 411 — .87 — .70 — 1 4(i + .oy — . 00 ."i() — . yj — .:;o :)7 + .M + .0:! 40 — .74 — .8.1 — H. i'l :i7 + .Ort — .oy 00 — .40 — .y-* 49 + 70 + . 7.'> .Ml — 1 09 — .H,l — 14 10 + .04 oil y:! .09 .Of, HI + Ml + .1-4 yo - 1.18 - .78 — i;» — . no 00 11 .4:1 — .y;i 8 + 1 r»7 + . !iy ly - . no - .07 — 2-i 14 + .41 00 1:1 — .24 — .yy ly + 1 Hi + .M 10 — .78 — . Oil — ys i;i — .yi 00 i.-i — . 00 — .20 11 + .'ly + .1 IH — . ny — .4,') — ;i4 1 — 1.3 u + .0 + i.i Seo cxiilaiialidii, p. 157. [ir.;i] im;p()ut of tiik cuikf AaxuoNOMEU, ati'kxdix ii. ofjO Till! probable error is derived by coinpiu iiig tlio corrocti'd rt'HidimlH (collected as Olio lor each star) with the standard J'5'. With m = l, we have: — IJ = :t ".« t. Takiiiy c as found in Section V., and c, as toniid Ibr Wn (iS in the Name section, we have: — !■; = -1 Vr-il)- + (.L'.-./ = 1 ".7-1. The af^reenient is far from satisfactoi.v. The former iisiilt, L ".81, is adopted. The combined resnlts of all the ^ears are next arranged in order of riylii ascen- sion. licxiditals in order uf rhjiil ancciisinn. l)<; cMnatioM liiiiilH. |ji;(!lill: lion litnitN. D(.'('liiii lion liniilH. Ui'i'llniilion llinilH. ' - 'MO to H-50 t' to + 40' // + 40 ^to+yu-' — ;iu^ to + 00 ' Mean u jt' '■"' .' n h. /, „ 1 .•i9 4- .:M UV> + . If. H8 + .:i7 y^-'.i + .2.-. ;i 15 + AM 40 — . 1H :i,". - .07 !'0 -- . 10 r> 04 — , II.) 101) -1- .2:1 24 + .2.-. 107 + .04 7 :t:j + . I,--. ll'.l + .(..-. 4i — .:i(i 104 — .02 9 20 - .i:i HM - .14 l'.» — .OS 127 — .1:1 11 M -- .!(! i:ii — .Ill) ;>ii — .:<7 22.1 — .IS 1,! UK — .0,-1 .'•,;i + .'Jit 1.0 + . 12 2:12 + .tui ir> H7 + .0-i IJI + . Hi mo + .01 :ii)s + .0!! 17 :« — .(!.-> ii;t — .2'.t Ml + .0:1 220 — .14 I'j lit + .01 MS -f .01 TO — . 02 v;>!2 -|- .00 ai iW — .41 ty — .10 111 - . It 211 ■ I'l 23 G'J + .or. .M -1- .-.vj 27 .17 117 1 .1:! As shown under Wn (IS, tlie eorreclion in order of A. 11. found for thedeciiiia- titns of tlie mur;d circle is peitiiliar to that iiistriimeiit or obser\ iii>; room idone. The followiiif,' tables exhibit the results deduced for systematic correction and weight of the various cataioyues. 5(50 UNITBI) HTATKS NOUTIIEUN UOUNDAIiY (JOMMISHION. 1 154 Taiii.ic IX. — CorrcctionH io (levlinaiiovii. ni(hi;i£ or Dr.cr.iNATioN. i -t-r-O +(ir, -f(!0 +.-,5 +,-() + t,-. + 111 +:ir, +;m +ir, +in + !■. io — r, — 10 — 1.-. — yo — :io - -;ir. —40 — fiO -(iO —TO -80 — uo 00 oil 0()'+. 1 oo:-(-.'.",i 0()'+. :i^ (iii-f-.'.i( (lOj-j-. M oo'— . ny .0,-)]-.01 . •■10+. 12 (10 .... +.()«.... +.011.... +.10 .... +.i:i;.... +. 10 +.1 _ .r,(i+. 10; +,o;i -l.ou -l.'IO -t.40 -1. 211 -1.40 -I.H-. -l.CiO -1.10 -i.no -a. i.i -a. 20 -1.70 -i.ir, -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 . 00 +. oil + . 0(1 +.01 +.0< + .10 +.U +. 1. +. 10 +.2: +.;i:! +.4:1 +.r,: +.0' +.7H +.90 00 -.0. -.12 .17 +.40 .2! +.10 . 21 +. 10 I .20 +.111 .27+.:i- .2.-.)-.:ti . 22 +. 21 . Ill +. 17 . ir>+.07 . lii'-.oa . 12—. II .21 —.17 .20— .14 . ic — . 10: . 40 — . 07 . CO — . (Ki 00 « + . If. + .l.--.'. + .1:!. + .0W|. 00: . . . . — .12!.... — .;ii:.... — .r,4 .... -.7(i;... - .0....... C L+i.;to] +1.30 .... +i.:io .... +i.;)o —2.00 + i.;!o — i.m + i.;io — .-.M -l-i.;io + .2( + i.;iii '+ .U'i + !.:'." + .- +i.;;o + .41! -1.12;. -1.21 . -1. ;!o . -1.^1 -i.;ii+.;i.-. -1.:,:,+.:. -!.;!7 +.:!.' -i.4o+.:i.-. -i.(i''+.:iri I -1.07+.;!:. -2. r.o 4-. ;i-' -2. «:.+.:!:, -2.0.-|+.:;2^ + .CO ' + . +. 17 + .(10 + 00 4- -('0 1+ +i.:m ,+ + I.2.i — + 1.22 - +1.17 - + 1.00 1 — + •'•« ,+ + .H4 1+ + .70 + + ."W ,+ + .CO + + .-,0 'J, + .40 .— 00 + .;io 00| + .20 u 00, . 00; (10,. .04;— .2fi .14— .;iH .27j— .4(1 . 42i— . r<'i .r.7l— .(11 .70 -.(-.2 -. 10 +!M) -.22 +K'-. — . 22 +H0 —.2:1 +7.''. —.2:1 +-(( — . 22 +(1,-) — . 20 +(pO -. If +:<:> —. 10 -j-.'^iO . 7H — , CO — . l.^ +4.'i .h:i— ..'•)4 —.1(1 +40 . H4 -. ;w — . 17 +x> .80'— .14; —.20 +:'.() .70+. 17; —.21 +2."> .ri4'+.;i2| — . 17 +20 .40+. 47] —.0.'. -I-I.'i .:i.'i'+.r.o +.01 +10 . ;!»«+• •>*> "" +"•'' .47 +.41 -. ir. . 110, 4-. no: — . 21 — T) .74+. 14 -.27-10 _ .8,«'— . 0:1 — . 0.- -. 20 — 1.00— .40 — 1.00 — .2,''i— l.'i — . l.'i —20 00—2.') +.2 —no —;!.". —40 .i-ro . I -co . — 70 , i— HO . ' —00 "Tlii.s corrcnlioii i.s siilwrfjiK'Htly revised with tin; (li'flnilivi! A." and Au'. t rjillii'iiV rediicliiiii. t A Kiiiail iniiiiiH coiroidinn deduced. IITIiis eorrectinii is considered ns npplicablo to Dt HO, alter " rormdonea ullima:" fji. !tr)7, Strnvi'H Poi. Med.) liiivi) bec'ii added. •*Tlie correction for S II lU it* iippliealilii directly to tlio ealaloHiie results as reduced with Young's rel'nii'tioiiH. t' For (ho years is;);) and 18li4 corrections ninst he applied for defictive readin;; of liaromeler (seo Cainhrid;;o Ohservatiuiis, IHli.")). To );et iictiial corrections to ciitalogiiu results for those years, the elite t of this correction ninst be added to tlio above. [irir.j KHrOKT of TIIK CIIIKI" ASTItONOMIlll, API'KNDIX n. .%! Taulk IX.— ComctionH to declinations— VjODl'mwi]. OKDKK OF DFX'LINATION. it n 5 • ^ ■^ i ^ 2 i3 ft 1 1 If: 11 .1 „ II „ „ \ u (/ f II II » 1 „ II // u +1111 0(1 00 +W'— . 10+ .01 +rt( - . 5io + . o:t (Id (Id oil 00 + .10 + .-.io .... 00 00 (Id (HI 0(1 00 00 (H) 00 00 +.yr, +.r,o +.10 +.14 +. ir. oOi — . ly 00: — . i;t 00 — , in 1 00 +1KI +.0H; +H,-, + .14 +H.I +7.-.- .•-•7+ .or, +7(1— .:t;i+ .(W +(!.'•>- .;iii+ .oit 00 -. ii- + .yo + .yo + .yo oo+.oy 00 +.04! + — .oy+.0(i + Od 00 ly +.0(1 +.('0 +.4y +. 14 +.10 +. 00 00 —.14 (KI — . 1.^ — . 10| -.10 +.yi +7r, +.y(i +70 +.yH, .for. +(•,(!— .1.-.+ .1(1 +.",+ .1(1+ .11 +u(i+ .y-+ .li — .:w+ .10 —.\:\. 011+. ;io — .:,4- .;(.-,+. an — . 0." +. OH — .OH +.(l(i —.OH +.00 4 + + IH y:i •'(1 +.yH +.10 —.07 — . oy —.0.-1 — . K, — .yo — . iH — .4y, — .yo —..'■.7 — .yi +. ao! +(ui +.y7! +.V, +.yyj +r. + + + :io ;t:t 35 -.yo -. :i4 — .4H -.0.-1 — . (1,-. — .O.'l —.011 — .yo — . HI — . 10 — . H7j — . OH !+.ih;+i.-. + .40 +. ly +10 + .Mi +.07; +:!-. 1 +:i(i+ ,(i-+ , 1.-, +y.'i+ .00+ .17 +20+ .1.-+ .lu .Ill) — . H) — ..iy+.y:i+.o.-.+. ly — .y.'. +.yi +. iy+. i.', — .V7+,yii+. l',l+. 14 1 ; + + + :i7 ;i- :ii) — . no — . oil — . .Ml -.OH -.14 — .yi —.HI +.oy'+ .oh' +.01 _. (■,.-,' +. |d+ .HI —.(10 — .:i;i' +. 17+ .110 — . I-' +;m +yr, +yd +1.-,+ .^.-1+ .8:1 + 10+ .41+ .2H + r,'+ .r,(i+ .;m — .fiO — . 40 - .47 — .74 —1.04 +.1- +. k; +.1:; +.y7+.io + +.;i4+.o-,; + +.;«'+. or., + 41 44 40 — . 4.", — .yn +.04 — . yn —.1(1 —.0.'. — . o.'l +. 1-+ .!i;i -. 1^ +.10+1.111 — .yo +.11 +1.(1'- — .1;! + i.-> +111 + .1 ± ('+ .7:: — .'.+ . w -1(1 +1.1:1 + .41 + .4i» + .r>it — . (fl —.7(1 -.7(1 — i.yo — i.y4 -1.11 +.10 +.011 (Id +. :i4 +. OH +.yr,+. ly +.i;!+.i.'-. + 4!l .Ml +.yo +. 44 +.:-! — . ;i4 -.07 —.11 -. i;i +.01+1.11 — .:i7 dii+i. Hi — . :i(' (id+i. ly, — .:id i 1 + II —III -i.'-,+i.;i4+ .7(» — •,'(!+ 1.. ',.-,+ .Ki --.;.-, +1.77+ .07 — . (!h — . .-..I -.4 — .H7 - .4H +.oy -. 1.^ +.1H +.yy +.yr, + + L+1 .OH HI •IJ +.47 +.;!:! +. 1(1 — . yii — . IH — . 11 — . ly — . 0- — . 01 +.0.-. +.i:' +.y( +1.00 —.10 +1.00 — . oy +i.d'.' +.y7 —;io'+2. 00+1.10 — .:i — .yi +. :m ... 00 -.0: 0(1 +.y4 + .ii;i +.7 + .'.I.'' + •'•'•-' + .H. + . o;i , — :id —;!.', —40 — -.0 -Oil 1 -40 —.10 —00 —70 -80 —'.10 + .:iH; -7d ; i + .ml — Hd ± 00 -00 1 • To tlio doclinatioiiH "£" yoars IKMi anil 1837 —".09 was iidilcrt bcfoir ilciivin;; llii- iiliiivc. t Aiiplic.ililo to (l('clMiatiii:iH an iwlucoil in thiH iiapiT (pp. y7 tolW). tTo (lii;liiiatioiiH of \Vn IHl.-,, — '.y.'i was lirHt addcil for iTror of aNKiiniril laliliwlr, liifnii; ilnrivinn tlii^ ali<,v() talilu. II Tln^ iMirifctlmi — ".4;i was liist appliiil to all iloclinatioim on llio aiilliority of latitndr iliNciiKsion mailo in this paper (p.yO). 'I'lic triio iMiiiii'tiiiTi to lataloKini-placeH iH tliiircfoio — " 4:1 + valni's taken I'roiM tliu abovii tahlii for ('i' 4"". N n ;{0 /N I ^' I ! '4 . \ !| i ,1 IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 2.5 1.0 Sf«* ^^= i^ Ui 12.2 I.I i"* Ks ^ |M ^ < 6" ► Photograjiiic Sdences Corporation 23 WSST MAIN STrSIT (716)172-4503 \^>^ \5^ 1^ 502 UNITED STATES NUHTIIEItN UUUNDAUY CUMMI8S1UN. llftOj Tablb IX. — Correotiong to declinatumt — Gontinnotl ORDEK OP DECLINATION. /* ll tij s ?^ t s 6 c5 S S" s ^ i 3 ,t & ^ s. J s, » OO +. 08 + .05 u & £ & a ts o +90 +80 "... // 1 // —.15 —.35 —.05 — .:io +.05 -.-£, +.88 +.80 +.30 - .80 - .8:1 - .80 " +.30 +.44 +. .'^i — . '.'0 — . Ill -. I(. II +.80 +.26 +.38 /' II +.08 +.11 +.18 o j 00 +'.NI IH) !+85 OO +MI +7r. +70 +i(r. +. 18 — 'JO +.31 +.31 +.:«) — .31 — .:«; — .44 +.(H» +.15 +.81 +.(«! +.73 +.70 -.10 —.114 +.01 +.38 +.11 +.08 +.05 00 -L75 +.17 +.18 -.15 —.18 +.40 +.39 00 00 +70 +U-. +riO +.V. +r>o +.lfi +.13 +.10 —.10 — . 0!» —.11 +.88 +.07 —.13 — ..15 — .77 -1. 18 +.83 +.81 + .15 i-'i.'ii +.00 +.40 +.80 +.04 +.96 +.07 +.(Mi +. 10 — . 17 +. 08 — . 08 — . 05 00 00 00 •fOO +55 +-.0 +45 +4(1 +35 1 +.05 +..101 00 +.:,o —.04 — . 15 -.80 —.84 — .:«) -.58 —.58 -1.40 —1. 45 -1.41 +.11 +.11 +.15 [-i.r.i — .80 — .30 —.18 —.48 — . 65 +.10 +.0- +.04 -.87 +.'fiO +.46 —.Oil z:i; 00 '+45 00 +40 +.a-i +:i5 +;i(i +«•■' +20 +. 40 +■4- +.44 -.13 -.18 -.98 — .-.i;! —.35 —.40 —.37 —.47 — 1.8'.t - 1. 18 — .h7 +.84 +. 33 +.37 — .00 — .05 — .10 —.80 -.74 (N) — .IKi -.18 —.11 +.04 +. 03 +. 48' — . 85 +.39 —.33 +.:t8 -.40 +.10 +30 +. 13 ^ 85 +.15 -(-80 + 15 + 111 +05 +.31 +.90 +. 15 —.83 -.80 -.87 — .3fi — .30 -.ST) -.08 —.70 —.75 — .157 — .58 — .57 +.:i8 +.:i5 +.88 — . 15 — .1." — .8(1 —.35 — .0>.» +.80 -.15 —.19 —.80 — . 08 +. :«' — . 45 —.10 +..58 —.40 -.00 +.71 —.44 +. 18 +15 1 +.07 +10 —.(18 +05 — 5 —10 +. 40 +.:io — . 8() — . 83 —.17 -..34 — . 30 —.80 — .(ic —.45 -. 83 — ..15 — ..53 — .49 +.80 +. 15 +.81 — .83 — .80 — .80 +.51 +.70 +.79 —.13 —.04 —.03' +.87 —.40 (III! 4..il0 —.35 Wtj +. 80 — . 9^ — . 119 — . 10 — ft —.00 —10 —15 -•iO — ar. +.1U —.(17 -.14 -.10 — . (I-,' +.00 -.115 +.14 +.3;. —.8(1 — . 83 -.87 — .40 — .48 — . 39 +.80 +.•■0 +.85 — .80 — . 15 — .1(1 +.79 + .0-. + .4i) +.1(1 +.•-'- INl' +.7.5 —.19 IHI -f..t>:i — . 1(1 (HI; +..'>o lie + .14 —15 +.87 -80 +.40 —8.1 — ;»o — :«■> -1-. i:» +.10 +.(UI —.30 [-.35] [+.80] — . or. 00 + .05 [+.10] +.70 00 +.44 +.10 +.ai +.08 14.."«>] -30 —40 -40+.a7 -5(1 +. •»: -11(1+. II —70 00 —80 no — INl INI + .15 —.11 — ,'JII — ...iO -50 — lUI 1 + .87 + .80 1 —70 + .13 — . 08 - —HO 00 01 — !N) 1 1 * Tlio correclion for rrnir of a'Niinivil laliliidi-, flpxnrn, divlHion, &c., ^ivt-ii in tlit< iiilnxliicliiin t» tlio WilliiiniNtnwn i'ntnliiKn n|ipli('il. The true correction ih, llirri-rim': Curiccl (in tiikcii Ironi introilnctidii Mu 09 + cnrirrlioii of iibovu tiiblv. tTo tlie ciitiil(i|;iiu di'vlinatioiiH from illrcct oliHorvntiuns nliovo po1i< for 1801 nml 1868 wdh tir^.'■>'— .21 +riii- .2J +.80 +.00 -.17 -.01! +.05 00 — .:«i —.01 —.M + .70 + .44 + .18 — .Ill —.22 -.2r.t+i.2.'i] + .at) + .32 + .30 — .34 — .;t7 .00 — .03 - .00 00+ .10 — .0,-|+ .14 — . 10 + . 18 —.49 — . »; — . (>2 +00 +.V. +.50 +4.^1- .20 +40 — . :io +:ir,- .:io — . 211 -.:i2 —.27 —.07 -. 1.^ —.18 — .ro —.57 —.50 — .01 — .2:1 — .37 -.50 [ + 1.001 -.2(.L+ .07] — .2(ij + .48 + .:i;i + .42 + .4,-, — .41 — .42 -.42 - .00 - .11 - .13 -.10+ .24 -.22+ .30 -.20|+.> — . ()8: +-15 -.73+40 —.77+35 +:io- .aa +2;.'— . 10 1 +20— .U'l — .11 +.04 +.o;i -.14 — .(Ni —.(Ml — .:i8 =::J4 - .47 - .M - ..W — .2fi -.20 — .2(> + .11 — .(H — . 15 + .47 + .M + .53 -.37 -.33 - .3:1 - .14 - . :r. - .1(5 —.30+ .4(i -..1:1'+ ..51 —.34+ ..54 -.8i;+:io — . 83 +25 —.84+20 1 +1.%- .00 i +10- .K. j +0.-,j- .22 —.08 —.10 —.00 — . Ki —.20 —.24 —.20 -.27: -.26 - .47 - .4:1 —.25 -.2:1 -AO — .15 + ..V, + .57 + .58 — .40 - •;:? - .10 - .10 - .15 -.33+ .5(1 -.32'+ .E7 —.31+ .58 —.82+15 —.711; +10 —.7.5+05 1 1 — f. ; -10 - . 1!» - .10 —.on 00 00 —.28 — ..Tl —.24 —.10 — . 17, — . 40 — .4:1 -.12 — . 05 +.0:1 — .10 — .18 — .21 + ..Mt + .r,!i + .00 — .80 — 1.00 -1.20 — .10 — .05 .00 -.30+ .01 —.20+ .(10 —.27+ .77 -. 82 — . 85 —.mi — 5 —10 —20 i — 2.-I + .07 + .X. + .w 00 00 00 —.07 —.40 +.07 —.40 +.2.-1 —.40 - .3!) -.:w - .18 +.11 — .36 — .:to — .:i2 + .rt;t + .70 + .8(1 -1.43 — I.Oti — 1.03 00 00 00 -.8.5j+ .8(; —.23+ .04 —.21+1.03 —.70 — . (1.5 -15 —20 -25 — :t(i — :t.-i —40 ."lO + 1.00 +i.;fc-) *H) +.48 +.7". [—40] — .05 — , :tr, — .38 — .40 — . 34 — .22 — .12 — .05 00 + .0:1 + 1.0!t [-2.20] (HI (Ml -.10+1.11 — . 17 1 —.40 — .2'.t —30 —35 —40 —.50 —00 -70 —80 -IK) 1 —4)0 —70 — PO 1 . i i i *A|i|>liiMlil<> to iiH ilorivpil in thin impel (MtH'tloii V.), t .\|>|ilioalili' to ili't'liiialiiinn iif i>iiiiiiiil I'lit.itlii^iirH iil'tcr ecirriM'tiiiii, its cxplniiiril in t^^rlioii V. ! Ah <'X|ilitiiii'(l cImiwIiitc tlic iHini'Ctiiin, +".82, to tlic dci'liimlioDM iif 18T4, miiitli of Wii. »-iiilli wiiH ni'Klt'cli'il liy ueviili'iit tor Nt'irH mhiIIi of — 12' ilci'liiiiitioii, iiiiil tlii' viror tllHcovviuil too latr to lio coirectfd iu tbo biiuciu'iUiik n'HiiltH. An uciually iiwil in ninkiuK up tlx' ildlnitlvu l'„ of tlio iiiiiil ills- : li 1 •: 564 UNITED STATES NOUTIIKUN UOUNDAHY COMMISSION. 1168J Taule IX. — Correetioiu to deolinatioiu — Contiune0 +>5 +H0 // 00 — .80 — .48 00 — ;i7 — .:m +.40 +.80 +.13 t + 10 87 .38 + .74 + 1.00 + 1.20 II 00 00 00 + .10 + . 15 + .18 00 + . 10 00 + . 13 00 + .17 i II II 1 +.««: +.17 +.27 +.24 +.31J +.38 It .00 +.21 +.39 +1W +85 +M0 +70 +70 +05 — .06 — .Mi —1. o;i — ..50 — .«3 — .73 110 — . 13 — .a»> + + + .41 .40 .31 +1. 4:1 + 1.50 +1.41 00 00 + .19 + .80 + .18 —.03 + .19 — .Wi + .20 — . 12 + . 19 +.36 +.40 +.40 +.4H +.48 +.no +..52! +75 +.67 +70 +.80 +0.5 +G0 +55 +50 — l.Sl — i.:«i —1.49 — .81 — .87 — .90 —.40 —.55 —.70 + + .03 +1.81 + . !Hi + .60 00 — .10 — .82 + .13 + .08 00 —.23 —.■10 —.34 + .17 + .12 + .11 +.44 +.51 +.41 +.49 +.X, +.42 +.86 +60 +.82 +.5.5 +.70 +50 +45 +40 +35 — 1.5fi — l.flO -1.00 — .90 — .9(» — .85 -.75 —.80 —.74 .10 .14 .18 + .47 + .80 — .02 — .37 — .46 — .48 — .06 — .10 — .09 —.32 —.27 —.28 — .01 — .22 — .00 +.2:;' +.:Kt +.1C +.15 —.10 —.07 1 +.471 +45 +.81 +40 —.08 +;i5 +:io +25 +ao —1.58 -1.61 —LOO — .8.'i —1.00 — L20 —.68 -.55 — .!)0 z .18 .18 .81 — .14 — .30 — .51 — .47 — .49 — ..58 + .03 + .12 + .07 —.28 — .63 —.33] — .65 — .48| — .40 —.87 —.21 -.8.5 —.17 —.10 +.08 1 ^ -.13 +.30 —.m +85 +.10 +-.'0 +15 + 10 + !■• — L68 -1.07 —1.54 — L83 — LSO — .87 —.50 -.48 —.20 — .33 — .88 —1.06 -1.11 — .73 — .88 —LOO — .06 — .10 — .10 —.68 00 —.66 + .21! —.56 + .80 +.80. +.:t8 +.40! +.44 +.30 +.40 +.21 H-.2:i +.11 + 15 + 10 + -L14 — .38 +.8r, + .13 — .9:1 — .88 - .10 -.47 00 +.18 +.30 -.09 — 5 —10 —15 — .78 — .59 — .43 + .10 + .0-.! + .09 +.4h +.5(1 + + + .40 ..53 .68 — .91 — l.fMl — l.:«) — .74 — .79 — .89 — .20 — .35 — ..51 —.40 — .8.5 -.40 — .50 —.40 — .(i5 +.02, +.1H -.11 +.07 —.24 -.08 1 —.26 — 5 —.341 —10 — .:i.5i —15 —80 -85 —30 1 — .30 — .8 to + 1.5°. Kroiii tliat |)oiiit the corrcctiouit were virtually ooDiimtutl acounliiiK to tbiH table : d Corr. 1 6 Corr. „ + 10 — .78 - 15 — .99 + o — ,72 -SO — .77 00 - .65 - 25 - .-A — 05 - ..55 — 30 - .34 - 10 — .:i8 1 -:»5 — .13 That is, M aotnally UHed, a tluolinntioii of Wn 74 (+ 10° to — 30<^), a" given in tbo cataloKiit!, vviim corrected by + ".82 1- the values given in this table. *Ag explained under Be 66, the correoUuna from +30° to +90'', for ihe unuaal i'»lulii)(ue« It«(i3- Ite 66 are drservinK of little conildence. 150] KEPOllT OF THE CHIEF ASTUONOMEIi, APPENDIX II. 565 Table X. — CorrectionH to declinatione. ORDEK OK KIOHT ASCKNSION. '^^ i % cd a k i i « K 6 n 5S" 8!j e ca // /' " II n u n 11 „ II /' n » (t it » — .IH -.04 +.40 +.25 +.0B — .0» +.47 +. 5;t +..'>5 +.5;j +.38 +.3rt +.40 +.40 —. lil —.11 —.1) —.00 +. 13 +.08 +.03 —.08 —.10 -.19 —.19 —.17 -.18 -.17 —.81 —.83 —.18 —.18 —.04 +.04 — . 05 00 +. 05 +.10 +.01 +. (!.'• +.«• +••8 -.15 —.07 +.08 +.11 18 13 14 15 4 () +.r.3 -.26 —.41 —.53 +.47 +.39 +.87 +.37 +.38 +•84 +.06 +.11 +.15 —.07 -.18 -.10 -.14 —.09 — . 05 -.84 —.84 -.81 +.18 +.19 +.84 +.14 + .17 +.80 +. 15 +. l(i +.17 +.19 +.8fi +.31 16 17 18 7 H 9 +.r>6 +..V. +.50 —.68 -.6»i +.14 00 —.14 +.15 +. 05 —.00 +.1H +.80 +.81 —.19 -.80 —.80 00 +.05 +.10 —.18 —.13 —.07 +.88 +.30 +.30 +.20 +.19 +.17 +.16 +.14 + .18 +.34 +.34 +.33 19 80 81 10 +.48 +.:ii +.18 — .»W — . .'•.:{ —.40 —.87 — . 39 —.47 —.16 —.85 —.38 +.80 +.1H +.15 -.19 — . 16 —.13 +.14 +.17 +.10 —.00 +.«! +.18 +.88 +.84 +.18 +.14 +.10 +.05 +.08 +.04 —.01 +.89 +.83 +.15 88 83 84 NoTK.— Wlivn n iH takvii from ri);lit-)iiiiiil ( 18A to 24A) the BigiiB of th» tabic uro rcvcraeil. * Tliv vurrectioiiH for Co 40 and llnOtiaro n|i)ilicabl(> uuly witliin the declinutiou UdiUh — 30^' to + 40°. lu ikimputiug from tlio valiieH of U, given iu tbo preceding pages, tbo deflnitivo weiglitH to be used iu tbe linnl disiMission, Al ".3U was taken as tbe jirobablo error of tbo unit, and 5 (corrcsirandiug to a probnblo error of ^ ".134) as tbo niaxiuiuni weight. Weight .05 is used in a few cases. As tlic probable errors are soniewbat uncertain, especially in tbeir reBi)ective relation to number of observations, only tbe denouiiua- tious of weight presented in the table were uctuaily used. For convenience, a few weights deduced in Section IX. are also collated here. With tbe "Catalogue" as an argument, tbe corresiionding horizontal line is fol- lowed until tbo number of observatious is reached, or, ut least, the limits which include it. At the top of the column is found the corresponding weight. The second argument is, however, often a probable error (as Kg 21, Dt 'i4, etc.), or weight resulting from the system of compilation (as with Ce -10, Eh 43, etc.). 566 UNITED STATES NOUTHEBN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. (IfiOJ Table XI. — Weights used in discussion CaUlngue. Wt'iKhta. .03 j .1 1 .a 1 ,3 .4 1 .5 1 .0 1 .7 1 .S 1 Number of ubaorvations, |h tliui Oh nr>a uh n.Vi SI to 8 . . . 9 or more . 3 or 3 All 4 to ao . . . . ai or more. Vu IHOO Oh IHIO.... Kb 91 Proboblu lorS cirora 3to8 fitolH... 10 or more. .44*0.41.. .40(0,37.. .30 or 35... ,34 or .33.. lit -H and 30 Va i'* Sauo aa Kr Ul or Ao ao, acco rdlniC aa pro bablo error All or number of obw^ivatl nua la tho aritumpnt . . Ao C) 1 a .. Gh :io All <; (i. 11.31... S. 11. Ill i::::::; land a... aor3 3to0 lto» ... 10 or more, lutoai... 8310 85 ... 85 or more. a 3 4 5aud6... sOormoro. 7 M h :i4 1 and a.... :i 4to6 7toU .... iatol8... 1910 35... a or 3 4 or more Kll 37 1 3 All 3 4 Ku 3H I 3 3 a 4 5 Co 40 Kit 43 Welghla . 1 Kh 43 Wclgbta.. 1..! !!!!" a 3 3 3 4..'.'.!"" 4 I'a4.'. Sao table ! 2or3 Atol4 .... a 4 and 5... 15 or more. fllolO... lltoM... 84 or mo ro. Ah4lundAtt Wn 47 4H Wn4H(l'. V.) Mn50 i. a to 4 .... 1 WriKbta . Kumu OB Co 4o!!..!! 3 v.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 5 1 .. ..:. a 3 4 3to5 . .. Oh .'it Hn.M Same na (ih 3!l 1 a UtoS... 1 «toll.... 13 to 37... a 38 or more 3 I a and 3.... a 4to7 3 8to 1» .... 4 1 5 oud — 7 H and 0. . . . 10 to 13 ... I H8 .'rtt 1 a 3aiid4.... 5to7 Honda... 10 to 10... 17 to 87... 38 to 58 ... (■I'.'iB Same as Co 40 1 a (;.o. n.58... Hi-.lrt EhM iSame aa Ko45.!!ir. 1 1 a 3 4or5 0to8 9tol5 .... 16 or more . 1 rsiio llsGO I 3 3 4 MoM . ... 1 a and 3.... 4to6 7tol7.... 18 or more. I'nliail'.V.) Ehi;:) Wn(14 Ghfl4 I'liM . ... Same aa W<.|ght» Same aa Kil 58 1 a 3 4 Oh 57 1 Ilsfij 1 9 P»lifl UnfiO Some aa Pa 04 Lc«7 Ln 07 Eh 67 ato5 or more . MoOH 1 3 Wn rji Ite M and 7." Wetghta . 1 a 3 4 and 5.... 0to9 a 10 to 14 .. 3 7 H » 1 aor3 4or5 1 15 to 83.. 94 to 44... \t 45 to 158 .. 4 Oh *0 . Wn70 Wn7a Wflghta' lorS 3to5 or more a 3 4 5 ... [lUI] REPOKT OP TBE CHIEF A8TBONOMEU, APPENDIX II. 567 of definitive declinations. WiMRhta. 1 1.0 I.S 8.0 8.5 30 3.5 4.0 SO CataloKUv. iiiHiy vt'lKbt, or probable error. Ob 1798. (ih 17.'i5. Po IcflO. Ilh 1810. Kit 81. (ih 88. lil'J4and30. Vu 811. Ao81t. (ib:!0. C.d. 11.31. S. 11.31. (Mi. 11. 33. (v:ii. Mb 34. MH35. Kb 37. KlI 3H. (Ih :iu. (•|i40. Kk 43. Kh 4:1 (ih 45. Pa 4... lii' 45. Ab41nud58. Wii 47. (.'i- 48. Wn48(P.V.) Mb 50. lib 51. Sii 51. Ph .'.3. So X. Wu .'.0. P» m. llH M. ( •.•,'.H. Ell .'». Ph (iO. llH Ml. .Ml' Hi. l'ii(i'.>(P.V.) Kb til. Wn (14. (lb 114. P« 114. Iln(15. Ps (ill. llu fill. 1,0 117. Lu07. Eh B7. Mil fill. Wn (W. I!i'll(lnud7a. (ill 70. Wn 70. Wn 7'i ..lato.m... AU .auto .S3.. .nto.ao.... .19 .I8ud.l7 .. .16 .IS .14 or Icia . . 3 4to6..... 7tol0 11 told... 17 to 99 30 to 68.... 68 or more . All lOurniorc. 9 to la 13 or more. 7 toll Ill to 121 . . 5 to 8 All ... !«1 to 45 9 to 13 40 to 150 . . I4tol9 ... 4 SO to 88 89 to 38 .... 39 to 55 .... 56 or morn . . 5uliilr. 5 III 8 7llllilH.... OtoH... Bto 11 IS to 10 .... 18 mid 13.. 87 to 50... 14 to 10 51 to 139 ... :7and 18... i40ormoru . 19 to 88 ... . S3 or more . . Oiimn 8 to 10 ... . 11 to 13 14 to 16... 17 to 19 90 to 88 83 to 87 88 or more . . 4tii7 8 to 10.... i« ut.io .... 40 or more. ntu37 !Mtolii4 OtolS .... 1*.'5 null more 19 or more . 53 or iu.ire . - 3iiim1 4 .'ito7 10 or more. 8 to 18 13 to 81 ... 88 to 44 45 to 807 ... 808 or mnro . 4 to y 8 3 4toO lOloiiO 7tol8.... 61 or more. 13 to 30 Sto8 otola ... i 8 3 or more . . . 5 aud 7to9. ... 10 to 18 13 to IS... 16 to 18... lOuudSO.... s 3 to :• 4 mill .'.... (itoia BtlS 13to.%8... 9tol3.... :i 14 to 31 S9 to 37 38 and luorii All All All not I'm- ilunioulal or oircum|Hiliir. FiiiHlamout.il nnil circum- [Hilnr. 3fo6 7«o24 .... 14 to 19 ... 10 to 13 80 to 85 86 to 30... 31 to 36.... 37 to 41... 48 to 4!l . . . . 50 or iiiiiro . 5to7 8to 17 .... 18 to 47 48ormor«. 7to» 10 to 13 ... 14 to 17 18 to 81 .. 88 to 85... 80 to 89 30 til 35 .... .'W or uioro . . > Ml t#( if ^1 If ill 568 UNITED STATES XOKTHEBN BOUNDAUY COMMISSION. |l«-'j NoTK I. — Tbe PouIkovB olmrrvntions nre weightcil according to tliv probable errors given on pp. ('JO) niitl (:HI) of iotrwluctiuii (Vol, V,). Tbu w<o and CV t» HO" . . . -j- :w or + iHH I 1 1 .H . "> .:» 1. 5 1.0 .5 :i :l a. 5 1.5 1.0 .7 4 1 5 r. + 'HF or + HI" 8. r t 5 :(.5 , 4 •4. 5 :i f. + 10- or + 70-' 8. 1' + 4, and 70), I's 04 and Ps (Ml, and lis (iO and lis ti5, a considerable inodlllcation of th<< nbuvu weigbtH takve place, whenever the same star is observed in two or more series nt envh observntory. Tbe niiixiuinni weight given to Gh 57, (!4, and 70 combined, is 7.0; to I's 6^ and I's 00, 4.0 ; and to 11m (iO mid Us 05, 5.0. Where (he combined weights were sm.iller than these totals, nrbitrnry rcilnctions of euuh are made; these reductions being prn]H>rtionally less, the fewer the observations. This course is taken because, strictly s|H'aking, tbo catalogues of the re8|>cc(ive groups are really parts of the same series and have to some extent (he same errors. Of courst-, when ei(her of the nbove-mentioned catalogues stands as the sole representative of its observatory it receives the fuU tabular weight. In a loss degree this reduction of weights is applicable to groups of catalogues not included in tbe above ennmeration ; but in nil such cases it is believed that the reduction of weights re<|uire), less than tbe tabular values of tbe weights are sometimes assigneil to tbeui. For tbo fuudameutal and principal cireumpolar stars, tbe probable error of tbe unit of weight, as it 'aCtQally results from the residuals of each star, is given below. It will bu seen that in the mean it is much smaller than the standard, ^ ".30, to which it should corresiiond. The differeuce is not so great for tbe remaining stars. Probable errom vfvnit of rr, derived from values of r,. a AiMlnmii'tlw .. ± .'J4 ) IVRiisi :il a l'iishio)H'iu '2."> (1 Ar!«titt 'i'A a Ci>ti ari (I IVrsf i a8 u Timri MO a Anrigir "i? ji Orion ix 'i',\ ii Tuiiri Ml a Orintilit ±.!i7 ,Kii'iiiiiiuriiui... .12:1 a ilyilrm 'A^ a LeoiiiH 'M a llrHiv Mnjoris . , '^J ii hemm 'j:i y I'rsiP MiijoriH . .;il a Virginis '^7 ri t'lHiit Majuris . .'i'.) a Duut is 'H li rrciK Minnrm.. . ± .'JH n I'oroiiiK Ikiri'iiliH .'Jii a StTpontiH '■!!• C frsiK Minoris... .'J'J 7j UraeoDis 'i4 a lIcrciiliH 'M a OpIiiiU'lii 'i\ y DriicouiH 'H\ a Lyni' y."> )■ Aiiiiilii! 'ii a Aqnilir ± .tt.'i ;* Aiiiiiliu 'i\ a I'j'Kiii '■!•> a ('v|ilii>i 'J4 l1 t't'iilici 24 a Ai|iiarii 'JH a I'l'ijiisi a7 y CV|>bi'i ItO It must be understood, of course, that tbe uncertainty of tbe Normal System is not represented in tbe.se jirobablo errors. This unccrtuinty will vary with tbe polar dis- tance, Iwing least at the north pole of the heavens, and i>robal)ly greatest in the zone — 20° to — 50° declination, or in that vicinity. From — 30° to — 00°, with our present means of information, very little can be known of tbe systematic corrections reipiired. Hut northward, from — 10° declination, we can form an a|)proximnte Judgment as to tbe degree of accuracy attained. I estimate tbe |)robab!e error for 1875 of the Xormal System for tbe Equatorial region to be not greater tluin A- ".15, and less than this for any given point between the Equator and the North Pole. IJy actual computation, using the Ei)uatorial systematic corrections of the 32 catalogues upon wbicli ilie sys tem is based, with the same weights as were used in Section VI., we find that tbe system best corres|)oiuls to 1847.5. For that epoch its probable error is i ".05. For 1875 it is i .10; and for I'JOO, ^ ",17. But these probable errors may Ik- sonu'wii.it 'i' 570 UNITKI) STATES NOUTHBKN BOUNDABY COMMISSION. 11041 too 811)1111 since inoro than half the dctenninatioiiH ore redncetl with the aame rcrrao- tioii8 (I)c88ei'8), iiiul only live* uiay be regarded as fuudameutul determinatiouH in a ri{;oruuH hciimu. It would have been for me a iileanant task to have undertaken, with the help of the places now available, a third approximation to the 8yMteniatic corrections and weiglits. Uut the real object of the woik has been already HufBciently accomplished, and the tiuiu is not at my disposal for the pur|iose. Indeed, some few experiments tiuiKlit mu that the changes to be thereby induced were likely to be few and unimitortant, except for some of the weights, for which the relation to number of observations can now be ascertained with considerable precision. The system-^tic correction of one catalogue, 1*0 18U0, haa, however, received a new examination, the results of which have already been given. Section IX. OOBnECTIONS TO CATALOGUES OP CLASS in. There are a few additional catalogues either of small weight, or with few observa- tions of standarti stars (dcscribi-d under Class III), which will prove desirable auxil- iaries in the computation of J <> and J // for the remaining (ill stars. These we proceed to enumerate, and under each will be given a brief examination of the systematic correction required. The corrections to the catalogue declinations were found by subtracting from the deiinitivo Jf for the required ei>och the corresponding value of C. Ms 35. Weight one is assigned to all declinations, which at Madras dei)end on more than 5 observations, and for which the weight of a standard declination at 1875 is 1.5, or more. To all declinations, from two or three observations at Madras, weight .5 is assigned ; and the same weight to a few others from four or five observations. "Tlifso nro: Boascl'n, 18-^1 ; Slinive's, lHa4 ; Argclandrr'», le«9 ; Peter's and GjlUeii's (I'milkKva), IHi'i; 1,11(1 Kuisi'r'B, lt^7. 1 165) lt£PORT OF THE CHIEF A8TKONOMEM, APPENDIX II. 571 Kesiduah in order of declination. Mcitii il 1 »■.] ';. o „ + *i :, + . 43 + .M -■ IS s + .(ia + .08 + 73 10 + .«a + .07 -- 01) ir> + .;« + .09 - »M la + .41 + .04 + M» aa + .44 + .r,o -. r.4 14 + .59 4- .08 - 49 a7 + .HO + .78 - 44 au + .71 + .70 -- :i9 30 + .47 + .r.9 - :i4 17 + .(Kl + .44 -. :«i ai + .ti9 + .ao -. a« aa — .(Ki + .04 .- ai a4 — .aw - .80 + U! 19 — .H8 — .W.i + »l 14 — ..'■.0 — .(ki + « ao — .48 — .07 + 1 11 — .an — .08 — .■■. 7 — ..n — . .">7 — 9 11 — .78 — . r.i — 14 il — .48 - .48 - 19 i) 00 — .38 — SI 5 + .m — .88 - !W r, — .!»9 — .10 •';, a + .70 + .0.'. — 4a r. + .18 + .8(1 — ,no a + .45 + .40 — r.u + »Cl a + ..'.4 + .:ki + iVJ H + .!« + .:«' + 41 f) + .:t7 + .*! -- !« H — .(Mi — .(M M - .41 - .Ul + 14 ti - .'.Hi — .•<:! + OH U — .(M — .'.fj 7 —1.17 — ). -.!» tr> 7 + . 1!» f. (> — . !«» 17 \ + <" fi + 1 M + K, ao +.(H1 -.:«;t + r>f. III +.ltt + M III + ■M \ + -W IM Vt (HI + >i» 3)1 +.r.;i — .IKI + lit :hi +.« +.r.i 1- ll» KM + M (Ml + 1 :ii — .:w — .xi + « in +. .Ill -t-.ri + (17 17 + til 00 — b 37 —.us — . :«:•. - 1 u +.:ii» +.;u + Uf. 17 — 1 ;io (H) Tli« corn>vti()ii8 to tlicMc catiilMniU'H van only Iw rotiKbly nHcortitiiu'd. It in aNsiiiniMl to Im* coiiHtniit from — 1(1° to + 00°. Wo Imvc, A' r= ± " rvatioii i ''.U'.'J, which is considerably larm'r than the valne suppoHcd in the third volume of Toulkova olmervations (pp. 2i:(, L'lt). Itnt even this requires the maxiuiuni weight (.~>.(l) for 3 observations, and is adopted. I'a 71. But one declination is used from this catalogue — that givoii for H. A. ('. .~i:(13. For its cornvtion, I find + ".50 from eight stars between + -''O^ mid + 0(1° declination. For this declination the arbitrary weight 1.0 is assigned in deducing corrections to assumed place. Wn 70. licHMiialH i» order of lUvlintitUm. MVA.'I (1 t' r,. 00 4- Wi •-'1 f + 7.'-. .".7 — .(14 (K) + (15 ' + K, 17 + . 1-' — .4:» + 4-. :ii — .fil — .57 + :ir, ao - .44 — .m + -r. :i;i — .Ti — .7:1 + ir> 24 — .4'.' — . <."i 4- 0.-. •at — I.OH - .70 ^ o; 14 — .(Ci - .;Mi 1*1 574 UNITED STATKS m)UTIlKHN BOUNDARY i;OMMlS8ION. [108J With Ml = 4, wc Uave : — £ = ± l".01. The curve rescinbles tlint of Wii r>t» closely, except tbiit its minus values are about ".40 larger. From — 1(1° soutliwnnl, Wii Wi — ".40 can probably l»e used witliout serious error. lie»idttalii Jii order of right awt'iiHion. De olinstion liiiiitN. Dwliiiution liinit«. Di'cliiintioii liiiiitii. - UK' to + 40^' + 40O to + ItO- — lO'i to + iHtJ Mrnn n 7t' ro' V r„' ff' r„' Co' A. // tl // „ I 11 + .-M S5 — .14 ;w — .04 — .17 :< 1-.' + .&i Ifi — . .W S.>7 — .:w — .aa il 4 — . *.» i;» — . < < 17 - .7(i — . a4 i M + .ii'.> f> — .:«) lit — .01 - .IK !» ;» -1 .-JII 11 — .'.'I •JO — .o;t — .07 11 1 — . :r> if> — .'j;' lit — .:!>■< + .(t« i:i • 1 — . :iti ir> — .a.t 24 — .'Jr< + .17 ir. li + .70 m + .Ht •J5 + .7H + .aa 17 la + .liO ■JO + .an :w + .4a - .a4 ii> tr. — tf^ 17 + .'M ;w — .ja + .IH 31 ll! + .:i:. ai + .04 ;t7 + .If + .(t7 'a i'.> - .a*! 18 — .10 :u) — .ao — .(H5 Coluuiu (V is taken from the correction found to Ih^ applicable to the previous series of observations with the Washington mural circle. There is sufticient resem- blance between it and tbc values of ro' iu the last coluniu to justify its coutinued use for this catalogue. Table XII. — Corrections to catalonnes of Clasn 77/ (and to To 1800). OKUKU OF DKCLINATION. Mt an i1 Vo mw l\» Xi. Mh r>o. Wu 70." Mean f o i'o IfltO. Jis ar.. Ma r.0. Wn 70. o 1, „ // ,.. // ,, „ + iKt + A% + 8U 00 + .1(! + .ao + .w + ..V. 4- .00 00 + .10 + .ao (Ht (Kl 00 + !■> + It' 4- 0.'. — i.tw -l.X. — i.ait — ..V. — .tw — .t>7 — .70 — .^0 — 1.00 — .7.*» — . 7r» — .70 + 7r. + 70 + iX> + .r.a + .r.a + .70 4- .Cm + .a.-. + .ao + .ao (Ml - .14 : — .a.-. 1 — (),■■ — 10 — 1.50 -l.t*(i -l.iHi — .01 — .,->7 — .r.o -1.0.-. — . ii- — .,V.I — .44 — .a,'> + m + :<, + r>o -1- .48 + .a,-. + .10 + .00 + .CO + .7a + .ao + .ao + .ao — .a7 , — .4a — .,-.0 — 1,-. — ao — a:. —1,-.' — 1..-.0 —1. Hi — . 40 — .ao — .17 + 45 + 40 — .ao — ..-It —i.oa + .-a + .oa -f.4S + .a< + .'ii + .10 - . ■^7 — An — .ti(i — ao — a,-> — 40 -1.0- -t.ai —1.40 - .o.-> + .0,-, + . 1.^ + ao + a.-. + ao — 1.10 — i.a.i — i.tia + .ati — .tfci - . aa — .01 — .ati -.lit — .70 — .7a — .7.'» — .'■lO — 00 + . 40 + .0.-. * If tin" nc'ii;il oorrei'tioii for Wii |.-'7a imil l'^7;. in ili'n'ri'd. -f ".4.% niiHt 1m> ixIiIciI to the i|iinntitii taken fnim Table X. Witli these additional corrections the values of Jd and J/.' were computed for the C2 rtMuainint; stars. These uro sutliciently indicated in the "Details of CorrtH'tions to Assumed Uecliuatiuus" by the us«i of one or more of the catalogues of Class III. Section X. OKNKllAT. RKMAKKS UKSPKOTIXa THE COUUEOTIOXS AXI) I'KOKAIU.E EHKOKS Ol' STAKS IISEI) nv TUE XOUTIIKUN UOIXDAUY Sl'lJVEV I'OK I.ATITIDE. The precedinfj pages aflbrd the means, to some extent, for answering the tpiestion ns to the luobable errors of the declinations used in latitude work on ihe Northern Houudary. Tliese declinations in the general catalogue of r>(»0 stars at the end of this paper are distinguished by an asterisk, nllixed to the current number. Opposite each star, on the right-hand page (and in the third column), will be found its probable error estimated in tiie manner described in Section VIII. This, taken together with Ihe cor responding value of J. 7, given on (he Iclthand page, will aitl in tbrming some jutlgment as !■) the probable limits within which any correction is likely to be included. These values of J6 refer to the declinations adopted in the work of KS74. I'liose of the pre- ceding years are less accurate, and dilVer slightly Irom these, but the dillerences art- not systematic. The general correction rctpiired by the latitude work of IST-t has been roughly computed in three dill'crcnt ways: — Fiint, Filty ditterent pairs (100 stars) were observed lor latitutle during the year. Six of these, however, were used but once; one, three times; three, four tinu>s; nine, live limes; and others more Ircqnciitly— eighteen limes being (he maximum. Taking the simple mean of all Ihe values of J .; lor Ihe one hundred stars, we have:— + ".OIL' as tlu> common correction to the declinations actually used ; and this is, of course, applicable lo (lie lalilmlcs. Stnnd. If, however, we (ake into accounl Ihe number of times each pair was used, giving weights proportional to (lie numbeis, we have:— + ",008 ns ihe common correction to all the latitudes. Third. If, still further, we take into account (he weights ot the stars as computed in this paper, and if we suppose that each observation ot a pair with Ihe /eniih tele ll fl 57G UNITED STATES NOllTHEUN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. [170| scope gives an instrumentnl probable error for latitude ot :J: ".3, we bave us tbe mean correction : — + ".0©«. I regnnl it ns quite improbable that a common correction larger than ± ".I is needed for the latitudes as actually established in the field. In this paper the stars of the latitude list were reduced without the slightest reference to the previous work performed on them— even tbe seconds of declinations being transcribed from the vari- ous catalogues anew. Under these circumstances the present work may be regarded as an efficient (;hcck on tbe values of declination adopted in tbe former discussion. EXPLANATION OF TABLES. RECAPITULATION OP SYSTEMATIC COBBECTIONS. This table Rhows as nearly as possible the total systematic corrections applied by me (either before or after discussion of Normal System) to the catalogue places as I find them. If to these be added errata and corrections due to proper motion, with a few corrections specilied in the notes at the end of the table, wo shall have declinations according to the system adopted iu this paper. In order, however, to accertain the degree of coufldence to be placed in certain values from the curves (especially those from — 10° to — oOO), it will be necessary to recur to the detailed reductions. DETAILS OF COKBECTIUNS TO ASSUMED DECLINATIONS. These embrace Table A, Table B, and Table C. Table A contains particulars of reduction fur the fundamental and principal cir- cumpolar stars. However, four southern stars, usually regarded as fundamental, and a* Gemiiiurum will be found elsewhere. Table B contains details for all other stars (i. e., stars not in.:luded in Table A) situated between -|- 90° and —10° declination. In this region the weights are in no case affected by the question of /.enith distance. Table C contains details for all stars situated south of — 10° declinatiou. With one exception the construction of all the tables is alike. At the bead of the tabular stiitement for each star is given its assumed right ascension and declina- tion, with the annual variation of each us computed in Sections II. and III. Column *' Cat." contains the designation of each catalogue or series of observa- tions. The explanation of these designations is found in Section IV. It is snfllcient here to state that the figures refer to the mean year of observation, and the letters are usually the first and last in the name of the observatory according to the English spelling. Column "Obs." contuins either the nnmber of observations, weight, or probable error, according as either is made an argument for computation of weight from Table XI. Column C contains the correction to assumed declination given by the respective catalogues in the manner detailed in Sections III. and V. For the later Itiidcliffe cat- alogues, and for Wu 72, values of V are contjiined in Section V. [171] REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER, APPENDIX H. 577 Column C,, in Tables B and C, contains for n limited Dumber of stars the sum of C and of tbe systematic correction taken from Table II. Tbe place of this is supplied in Table A by column r,„ which contains tbe correc- tion given to each authority by the declination computed according to the principles of Section VI., but with the addition of the Fundamenta as an authority, with weight one. Column r contains the quantities from which definitive systematic corrections were computed. It is formetl by subtracting C from the value of the expression ja + ^I!jr^*'*^j,i', J d and J/i' being taken from Tables V. and VII. Column C„ is formed by the addition of the systematic corrections of Tables IX. and X. to column C. For Ro GG and Re 72, as well as Wu 12 and S H 31, the value of C„ is specially computed. Column r contains the weight computed from Table XI., with the argument in column "Obs." Column r, contains the outstanding residual found by subtracting C„ from Jd+ Jii'f — -v«n^ j' ^''*'™ '^^ """^ ^z*' '"'® '" ^ taken from the left-hand page of the "Catalogue of 500 Stars" at the end of this paper. CATALOGUE OF 500 8TAB8. On the left-hand page : Columns 1, 2, 3, and 4 appear to require no explanation except the caution that tbe latter column is simply co|iied from the catalogue of the British Association. Column 5 contains the approximate right ascension as deduced in Section VII. Column 6 contains the annual variation, and column 7 the secular variation in Right Ascension given in units of the Uflh decimal place. The eighth and ninth columns give Jquations. Colnmns 7 and 8 contain the secular variation and third term of precession in declination which are given respectively to tho sixth and eighth places of decimals. The mode of their computation is fully explained in Section III. Column contains the proper motion formed by subtracting from the annual variations 20".0542 cos a. The number is Peters^ constant of precession (n) for 1875. RECAPITULATION SYSTEMTIC CORRECTIONS TO DECLINATIONS. [173] 679 RECAPITULATION OF SYSTEMATIC CORRECTIONS. + !tO + W. -j- Wl + IS -f.70 -j- 05 + «) + r)5 + no + ■»:. + 40 + :>.'■, + :to + ar. + ao + 15 + 10 + r. — .I — 10 — ir> — 20 — B5 — :» — ;!5 — 40 — no — (iO - 70 — go — yo A.E. 7 8 10 It £ J3 cs 00 + .10 + .:io + .44 + .r>8 + .»'i + .4« + .:ir. + .10 — .:io — .so — i.o:i —1.10 -i.:«i — i.oa — 1.C8 —1.35 — 1.2U — l.Wi —1. 80 — l.'JO -1.8a — i..no —1. 10 —1.08 — i.ai —1.40 00 + .» + .81) + .:»8 + .30 + .14 — .iYi — .01 + w + .10 00 IS Q . 00 + .0:» + .0(i + .10 + .13 + .16 + .let + .10 + .13 + .09 + .00 + .W) + .00 + .07 + .10 + .13 + .10 + .19 + .25 :{3 43 + + + + + £ — .18 — .04 + .il + .25 .37 .40 .53 56 + + + + -j- .55 + .50 + .4a + .31 + .18 ^ a be + .40 + .an + .08 — .09 — .20 — .41 — .5:) — .02 — .00 — .6»i — .02 — ..'■>3 — .40 — .03 — .«9 — .15 — .I't — .22 — .24 — .24 — .23 — .19 — . in — .Oit — .03 4- .03 i4 00 + .04 + ." + .20 + .as + .36 + .43 + .40 + .48 + .49 + ..ni + .Wi 01 00 74 81 88 9n + + + + + + +1.04 +1.15 + 1.31 + 1.44 + I..59 +1.70 .03 .09 .15 .19 .22 .24 .24 .22 .19 .15 .09 .03 .03 .a O 00 00 00 00 CO 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 J3 a — .13 — .18 — .20 — .22 — .22 — .21 — At — .14 — .09 — .01 + .03 + .08 + .13 OS. a 00 .05 .12 .17 .21 .24 .86 .27 . 25 .82 .19 .15 .13 .18 .15 .21 .29 .\Vi .49 .00 .7i .84 .90 a o + .40 + .40 + .40 + .40 + .:w + .31 + .24 + ." + .07 — .03 — .10 — .80 — .17 — .14 — .10 — .07 — .03 00 ^ — .04 + .02 + .09 + .14 + .19 + .22 + .24 + .24 + .23 + .20 U3 + :io + .i-i + .15 + .15 + .13 + .08 CO — .12 — .31 — ..14 — .70 — .95 —1.12 —1.24 —!.:«) —1.31 —1. 31 — 1.33 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 .02 .07 .13 .18 .22 .25 .29 .32 .:J6 .43 ..12 ! — 1.37 ,00 -1.49 .o —2.8 —2.9 4 .a -.04:. + . 02 ! . + .09 . + .14 . + .19 -i- .22 L + .24 |. + .24 !. + .2:t . + .20 . A.R. « NM 1 »-< O O n + + + + + 90 85 80 75 70 + 05 + 00 + + "■■5 50 + 45 1 + + + + 40 T) "10 as + 20 ... + 15 + 35 + 10 + :i:. + 5 + 35 + 35 — >t + Xt — 10 + 35 15 + :!,-> — 20 + :tr> — 25 + 32 30 ; + 17 — :t5 00 — 40 00 M 1 (H) 00 00 70 00 — HO 00 — 90 + . 15 + . 15 + . 10 j + . 10 + .04 I + .04 A. ]o I ^^ I 14 15 10 17 , "^ 19 i 80 81 + .04 a! — .('8 : 23 — . 08 I 24 + .08 + .13 + .18 + .21 + .23 + .23 + .22 + .19 + .15 + .10 [175J When the argument is 12'' to 24'' thu signs aru tu bo reversed. .'•:8l 582 UNITED STATES NOUTHERN BOUNDAUY COMMISSION. [176) Becapitulation of tystematio oorreotiotM— Continued. d n d 6 6 .d S 4 ^ s ja t + 110 + »'5 + eo + 75 + 70 + 05 + CO + 55 + 50 + 45 + 40 + 35 + .10 + a5 + ao + ir> + 10 + B — 5 — 10 — 15 — iiO — a5 — no — :tr> — 40 — 50 — (iO — 70 — KO — 1)0 It It "oo — .02 — .05 — .11 — .23 — .:i8 — ..55 — .72 — .Mi — .05 —1.02 —1.05 —1. 03 — .95 — .81 — .70 — .(W — . 75 — .87 — 1.00 —1. 20 —I.. 50 — 1.73 —1.98 "oo 00 00 — . 04 — .14 — .27 — . 42 — .57 — .70 — .78 — .83 — .84 — .80 — .70 — .54 — .40 — .35 — .38 — .47 — .HI — .71 — .88 — .98 —1.00 — .28 — .38 — .40 — ..52 — .00 — .02 — .00 — ■f>4 -■V — .14 + .17 + .32 + .47 + .50 + ..^0 + .41 + .30 + .14 — .03 — .20 — .40 It + ..50 + ..v. + .(U) + .05 + .70 + .05 + .00 + .m + .72 + .72 + .02 + .48 + .20 — .02 — . 32 — .ta; — .0.1 — .07 — .01 — ..57 — ..^0 — .411 — .30 — .17 — .05 + .05 - :'.9 — .22 — .22 — . 23 — .23 ^*>.j — .20 — .18 — .10 — . 15 — . 10 — .17 — .20 — .21 — .17 — .05 + .04 00 — .15 — .21 — .27 — .25 — . 15 00 + .2 II 00 — .10 — . 20 — .87 — . 33 — .:io — .15 + .10 + .28 + .30 + .22 + .11 + .08 + .09 + . 15 + .25 + .41 + ..50 + .73 + .1)2 +1.13 + 1.34 + 1,55 +1.77 +2.00 "oo + .01 + .03 + .05 + .08 + .09 + .10 + -" + .!••* + .12 + .13 + .14 + .15 + .17 + .19 + .2:1 + .28 + .34 + .41 + .49 + .59 + .70 + .83 + .97 +1.10 // — .09 — .09 — . 09 — .09 — .10 — .27 — .41 — ..52 — .03 — .74 — .H4 — .02 — .97 — .99 — .89 — .69 — .55 — .59 — .71 — .79 — .79 — !04 — .5 — .4 + 110 + a5 + 80 + 75 + 70 + (i5 + 00 + 55 + 50 + 45 + 40 + 36 • 30 + - + 20 + 15 + 10 + 6 — 5 — 10 — 15 — 20 — 25 — 30 — :{5 — 40 — 50 — (iO — 70 — 80 — 90 [+!.:»] +i.:io +l.:io + 1.H0 +l.no +i.:u) +1. :to +1.30 +i.;io + 1.30 + 1.30 + l.vJ-i +i.*J +1.17 +1.00 + .00 + .84 + .70 + .02 + .60 + .(10 + .00 + . 00 + .50 + .40 + .30 + .ao — a,"()6" —1.10 — .34 + .20 + .52 + .57 + .43 + .14 — .00 — .14 — .14 — .04 + .10 + .40 + .71 + .8rt + .1)0 + .71 + .47 + .10 ± .00 — .08 — .10 00 + .15 + .40 + .65 A.R. ^ CO K d 6 6 3 .c St -A ^ +s A.K. h. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 U 10 11 12 + :'47 + .53 + ..'^^5 + .53 + .47 + .30 + .«7 + .!« 00 - .14 - .27 - .39 - .47 -'.'in -.07 — .07 — .00 — .05 -■ .03 — .01 + .01 + .03 + .04 + .05 + .00 + .07 -:'o7 — .07 — .00 — .05 — .03 — . 02 — 00 + .02 + .('4 + .■5 + .00 + .07 + .07 - :'oo — .05 — .05 — .04 — .02 — .01 + .01 + .02 + .03 + .04 + .05 + .00 + .00 + :'i8 + .18 + .17 + .15 + .11 + .07 + .02 — .02 — .07 — .11 — . 15 — .17 — .18 - :'oo — .05 — .04 — .03 — .02 00 + .02 + .03 + .04 + .05 + .00 + .00 + .00 + .34 + .34 + .30 + .at + .17 + .09 — .01 — .10 — .18 — .25 — .31 — .34 — .34 — :'o3 — .02 — .01 — .01 00 + .01 + .02 + .02 + .03 + .04 + .0:1 + .03 + .03 -:'o4 — .03 — .03 — .02 — .01 00 + .02 + .03 + .03 + .04 + .04 + .04 + .04 A. 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Wbeu tbo urgumeut is Vi^ to 24'' Ibo sigiiii aro to tie rovL'i8i.'d. ll77] RBt'APITDLATION OF SYSTEMATIC CORBRCTIONS. Recapitulation of tystematio correctioni— Continued. 583 6 2 5 h •< 4 • 4 S 4 5 4 i o + 110 + H5 + 80 + 75 + 70 + 1)5 + m + 55 + 50 + 45 + 40 + 35 + :!0 + U5 + ao + 15 + 10 + 5 — 5 — 10 — 15 — SiO — a5 — 30 — 35 — 40 — 50 — (iO — 70 — hiO — 90 "oo 00 00 00 — .07 — .IH — .:w — .4;t — .54 — .(K. — .75 — .83 — .8H — . iHI — .80 — .00 — .4(> — .50 -..i2 — .70 — .70 — .Cirt — .r>5 — .4 -.3 "oo + .10 + .20 + .20 + .20 + .20 + .10 .00 — .:i5 — .75 — .81 — .03 — .42 — .25 — .27 — .47 — .74 —1.04 —1.20 -1.24 -1.11 — .87 — .48 ■+'.':i6' + .89 + .'sr + .20 + .24 + .23 + .21 + .20 + .18 + .10 + .13 + .10 + .00 00 + :'23 + .28 + .28 + .25 + .16 + .03 — . 13 — .31 — .47 — .00 — .70 — .78 — .81 — .79 — .74 — .66 — . 58 — .53 — .53 — .59 — .69 — .78 — .88 — .95 —1.00 -:'94 — .80 — .07 — .50 — .44 — .:i8 — .36 — .38 — .41 — .40 — .54 — .65 -.73 — .82 — .90 — .90 —1.00 -1.07 —1.14 —1.20 —1.38 -I.4H — l.f>6 —1.61 — 1.C5 +i:'29 +1.18 + 1.04 + .90 + .75 + .■^7 + .41 + .27 + .18 + .14 + .14 + .18 + .23 + .32 + .42 + ..54 + .62 + .(ki + .65 + ..-.0 + .45 + .35 + .27 + .23 + .24 — "36 — .34 — .31 — .88 — .26 — .26 — . 28 — .31 — .31 — .27 — . 23 — .16 — .05 + .10 + .28 + .4- + .68 + .83 + .93 + .96 + .92 + .85 + .75 + .60 + ..53 "oo 00 00 + .02 + .04 + .'6 + .w + .06 + .00 — .04 — .02 + .05 + . 12 + . 15 + .14 + .10 + .05 + .05 + .08 + .12 + . 15 + .18 + .22 + .26 + ..30 It 00 00 00 .00 + .(Hi + . 12 + .18 + .23 + .20 + .30 + .33 + .35 + .37 + .3H + .39 + .41 -• .44 + .46 + .49 + ..53 + ..VJ + .(W + .84 + 1.1 "oo + .25 + .50 + .60 + .(iO + .42 + .28 + .10 — .07 — .20 — .34 — .48 — . .56 — .60 — ..59 -.45 — .20 + .04 + .26 + .44 + .51 + .47 + .33 + . 16 o + UO + 8.-. + 80 + 75 + 70 + 65 + 60 + 55 + 50 + 45 + 40 4- :!5 + 30 + 25 + -.0 + 15 + 10 + 5 — 5 — 10 — 15 00 i — 30 1 ::::::: — 40 — .50 — (iO — 70 — CO — do A.R. il .a 5 J3 5 i3 •n (2 A.R. k. 1 2 '1 4 5 C 7 8 9 10 11 12 _ ."19 — .14 — .09 -.02 + .05 + .11 + .17 + .21 + .23 + .25 + .-:* + .22 + .19 n + :'i3 + .08 + .03 — .02 — .07 — .12 — .16 — ,19 — .20 — .20 — .19 — .16 — .13 — ."24 — .24 — .23 — .19 — . 15 — .09 — .03 + .03 + .09 + .15 + .19 + .22 + .24 - :'23 — .22 -.28 — .19 — . 15 — .09 - :'2i — .21 — .21 — .18 — . 15 — 10 -:'i9 — .19 — .19 — .17 — .14 — .09 — .05 00 + .0.-. + .10 + .14 + .17 + .19 - :'o2 — .02 — .02 — .02 — .01 — .01 — .01 00 (HI + .01 + .01 + .02 + .02 // // h. 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 ia 83 24 _ .04 — -115 + .02 + .08 + . 13 + .01 + .00 J. - 11 + . 17 1 + . l.i + .21 -1- - l!l + .23 + .21 ■? i WbuD tbe argumeut is 12'> (» 24'> tiie si^iis tire tu lie rvversud. 584 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. [178J Recapitulation ofiyttematie correcliont — CoDtinued. l) i a if o i a a u .a O S I 1 B it + IH» + H5 + 00 + 75 + 70 + (>:. + CO + 5.'-. + M -1- 45 + 40 + :t5 + ;h) + S!5 + ao + 15 + 1" + 5 n — 10 — 15 — 'JO — 'JS — 30 — 35 — 40 — 50 — CO — TO — HO — !H) -:'i6 — .11 — .10 — .11 — . 15 — .10 — .'« — .:«) — .30 — .30 — .30 — -"• — . ;'3 — .30 — .4C — .54 — . 51t — .m — ..lU — .M — .o-i — .4H — .43 — .30 — .28 + + + + + + .10 .14 .15 .14 .1(1 .OC .02 . 0.-. . 05 .05 05 .OH .14 .•Jl •Jit .34 .:i5 34 .31 .•27 .'23 . IH .11 03 "—".'ai' — .82 ...... .. ..>. .... ,1 — .43 — .43 — .43 — .43 — . 43 — ••^•=' — .«» — .H.1 —1.00 —1.12 — 1.-24 — l.:«i —1.^27 — l.OH — .70 — .fi:i — .4H — .48 — .W1 — .54 — .;",(! — ..^5 - :'w — .13 — .13 — .14 — . 15 — .10 — .18 — .'20 — .'21 — .'20 — .IC — .08 + .02 + .10 + .ir + .18 + .!(! + .11 + .04 IHI 110 + .05 + .13 + .'20 + .24 :::::::: ::::::: ■+■.■40 + .5.1 + .)>8 + .80 + .W + .'.Kt + 1.04 + 1.^8 + 1.11 + 1.13 + 1. 12 + 1.09 + 1.00 + 1.0-2 + .Uit + .»« + .92 + .85 "00 + .10 + .'20 + .'2.5 + .;mi + .;u) + .30 + ..V) + .30 + .'i>< + .!«» + .10 -.04 - .'Jli -.49 — .70 — .8« -1.00 -1.05 — 1.05 — .97 "00 + .08 + .14 + .21 + .'20 + .'i8 + .W> + .27 + .'fi + .18 + .W + .07 + .01 + .(Ni — .12 — .18 — .'2«i — .^3 — .37 — .:ui — .30 — .19 — .02 + .a7 + .7 II '+".'50 + .50 + .49 + .48 + .44 + .31 + .'20 + . 15 + .a7 + .40 + .38 + .12 — .07 — .14 — .02 + .13 + .27 + .27 + .11 00 00 00 — !'l5 — .05 + .05 + .12 + .17 + .18 + .10 + .13 + .10 + .05 .00 -.04 — .09 — .13 — .18 -.'23 — .'2(! — .'27 — . '2(i — .'23 -.17 — .10 — .02 + .00 + . 1(! + !HI + 85 + 80 + 75 + 70 + tij + (M) + :« + 5(t + 45 + 40 + :i5 + :;.i + -25 + •JO + 15 + 1" + 5 — 5 — 10 — 15 — 20 — -25 — 30 — ;tr) — 40 — 50 — 00 — 70 — 80 — 90 ;:::::::;::::::: . ............. !.. ...... ... ,. 1 ... A.R. a e 2S a is -> 3 5 5 A.K. h. 1 'i 3 4 5 C 7 H 9 10 11 li - :-i7 — .'J7 — .'JO — .'23 — .10 — .14 — .07 00 + .07 + .14 + .20 + .24 + .^7 + + + n .17 .•23 .•27 .'2H .'20 .•26 .'23 .19 .13 .05 .03 .10 .17 " — !'on — .05 — .or. — . 05 — .04 — .03 — . l)-2 — .01 00 + .02 + .03 + .01 + .05 — ;'o5 — .05 — .04 — .04 — .03 — .02 — .01 00 + .0! -j- .03 + .03 + ."1 + .0.-, - :'i8 — .12 — .04 + .04 + .12 + .19 + .24 + .2? + .30 // II n II — .12 — .17 ~ .21 — .2.1 — .'24 — .'24 — .'21 — .18 — .13 — .07 h. 12 13 14 15 IC 17 18 19 '20 '.jl + .28 + .24 + .H 00 ' 28 + .00 ' !£» + .12 24 When tho arKiimciit ik 1*2>> XaiX^ the HienHarn to bn mvnrsed. |170J RECAPITULATION OP SYSTEMATIC COURECTIONS. 585 Recapitulation of tyHtvmatie correotiotu — Continnud. i & s s A 13 A 8' 2 6 S B 6 5 c £ S (5 A e A ■ V II >• 1 o + W + K. + W) + 75 + 70 + lif. + (U) + Wi + 50 + 45 + 40 + :» + :io + a5 + 20 + 15 + 10 + 5 — 5 — 10 — 15 — 20 — 25 — 30 — :i6 — 40 — 50 — (iO — 70 — «) — DO — .:iO 4- .20 — .20 — .2:1 — .2(1 — .:ii — .:«! It 00 + .02 + .05 + .00 + . 15 + .ai + .2;i + .«! + . 15 + .11 + .11 + . 15 + .'ii + .:t:t + .:i7 + .:w + .35 + .2(J + .20 + . 15 + .ai + .ai + .2(1 + .25 L+.ai] [+i.'4J' [-1..51 — .HI — .:io — . (to — .05 — .10 — . 15 — .IH — .20 — .23 — .20 — .20 — .20 — . 15 — .10 — .05 .(H) + .05 + . 15 + .27 + .20 + .13 .00 + :':«) + .44 + .50 + .*Ui + .73 + .70 + .(iO + .40 + .20 — . 12 — .42 — .Ck"! — .HO — .74 — .M — . X> — .Oil + .20 + ..51 + .70 + .70 + .-!! + .(W + .40 [+ . 10] — i'20 — .ID — .10 — .10 — .04 + .01 + .(14 + .07 + .10 + .10 + .OH + .04 .00 — .0.. — .12 — . 15 — .10 — .20 — .IH z:.'i4' + .10 + .2H + . .50 + .70 + :'8o + .20 + .32 + .:iH + .40 + .3D + .2.5 + .Wi — .17 — .2D — .32 — .27 — .11 + .04 + .03 — .OH — .1(1 — .00 — .03 00 00 00 00 00 00 It + di. + 85 + HO + 75 + 70 + (13 + 60 + 55 + .50 + 45 + 40 + 36 + 30 + 25 + 20 ! + l'> + 10 + f> — 5 — 10 — 15 — 20 — 2.5 — 3(1 — 35 — . 25 — .20 — . 15 — . 12 — .10 — .0!» - .11 — .15 — .20 — .24 — .2H — .:i:i — .:i5 — .:iti — .:«! — .:t5 — .:i4 — . :to — . 20 — .05 + .14 + .X, + .60 + .:io + .■.11 + .;u 1 + . :io i — . 44 + .22 — .r>5 + .07 — .77 — , i:t —1. 12 + .23 . .. ' — . :i(i — . 52 — . .52 — . 4« — .:i7 — .47 — .(i2 — .70 — .75 — . m — . 45 — .2;t — .20 — . 2:t — .27 — .:I0 —1.40 —1. 45 -1.41 — 1.2D -1. 12 — .«" — .W — .58 — . 7 — ,5f) — .5:» -.4U — .40 — .42 — .;i9 [- .3.5] + .40 + .42 + .:h» + .:iH + .:w + ..52 + .71 + .H7 + .DO + .HO + .75 + .(W + .50 + .44 + .21 + .OH — .14 — .20 — .20 — .OH 00 ! ........ 1 : ' 1 ;:::::: ::::;:: — 4(1 — .50 — (10 — 70 — HO — 90 A.K. A h A 5 X d h A j ^s si A ^ i? 1 A.K. £ ! h. 1 2 - :'o5 00 4. .«.'■> - :'o:i It It It It - :'o5 .CO + .05 + .10 + .u + .17 + .20 + .20 + .ID + .17 + .14 + .10 + .05 + :'oi + .05 1 " II 12 — o:t I":::::: 13 - .02 — .01 00 + .01 + .02 + .o:» + .OD 1 14 15 16 17 IH ID 20 21 22 2:1 24 3 1 J. 10 + .12 + .15 + . 1(1 + .17 + .16 J- .14 + .12 + .(W + .04 - .01 i 4 5 It 7 8 !• 10 11 12 + ." + .n + .20 + .20 + .ID + .17 + .14 + .10 + .05 I 1 ■ + .o;i 1 + .04 + .04 + .04 J- . u:i ' \ When the argument ih 12>> to 24'> tlio signs are to be reversed. 586 UNITED STATES NORTnEUN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. [180J RecapitulatioH of gyafemaUe — .10 4- .07 4- . 35 4- .00 [4-1.00] !3 5 .a 'A 5 3 .a ^ i^ s ■4 <3 i o + IX) + »-•'> + HO + 7r. + 70 -f (i:. + (iO 4- r,r. + 10 + V, + 40 + ;i5 + ;!o + a.'. + -JO + if' + 10 + f> — r. — 10 — 15 — 20 • — a;. — ;io -I — no — 00 — 70 — HO — 00 + ;'2o + .20 + . ;i2 4- .38 4 .10 4- .39 4- .ao 4- .01. - .17 - .a9 - .32 - .27 - .11 4- .04 4-. 03 - .08 - .10 - .00 - .03 00 10 00 (K) 00 00 — !'ao — .20 — .20 — .20 — .17 — .11 — .01 DO — .01 — .07 — . 15 — .18 — .14 — .0(i — .00 — . 15 — .24 — .27 -.28 — .24 — .17 — .04 4- .07 -I- V*^ If /' // II 4- .40 4- .41 4- .55 4- .71 4- .71 4- .M 4- .05 — .3(1 — ..'.0 -• .(10 — .57 — .50 — .:i8 — .28 — .24 — .20 — .20 — .25 — .33 — .40 — .40 — .40 — .40 — .40 L- .40] 4. 90 4- K-. 4- 80 4- 75 4. 70 4-05 4- 00 4- 55 4- r.o 4- 45 4- 40 4- 35 4-30 4- 2.5 4- 20 4- 15 4- 10 4- 5 — 5 — 10 — 15 — 20 — 25 _ 30 — :»5 — 40 — 50 — (10 — 70 — HO — DO — . {i;i — .!■•* — .00 — .70 — .73 — .7r. — .Kl — .fO — .!»3 -1.01 — l.OH -1.13 -1.14 -1. 12 — i.nfl —1. 03 — .iMi — .87 — .7S — .lit — .58 — .4.''. — .19 — .r.2 — ..'■,(•. — .DO — .(» — .72 — .HO — .H7 — . 02 — .03 — .01 — .h7 — .H2 — .7;. — .DC. — .r.7 — .47 r— . 37 — .33 — .33 — .33 — .;i:i — .;i3 — .:i3 — .33 — .33 — ,:ci — .33 — .33 — . 33 — .33 — .33 — .33 4-. 51 4- .51 4- .51 4- . 51 4- .51 4- ..51 4- .51 4- .51 4- .51 4- .51 4- .r.i 4- .51 4- .51 4- ..51 4- .51 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 CO 4- .48 4- .75 1 A.R. 1.71 s li 3 o 3 ■4 & s + = 2 A.R. h. 1 2 3 4 6 C 7 8 10 u 12 — :'ia — .17 — .21 — .ai — .24 — .24 — .21 — .18 — . 13 — .07 .00 + .(G + .I'-i — :'ia — .17 — .21 — .23 — .24 — .24 — .21 — .18 — .13 — .07 .DO + .0(1 + .12 // - :'o5 00 4- .05 4-. 10 4- .14 4- ." 4- .ao 4- .20 + .19 + .17 4- .14 4- .10 4- .05 4-;'oi 4- .05 4- .09 4-.ia 4- . 15 4- .Ki 4- .17 4-. 16 4- .14 + .U + .08 4- .04 — .01 — .05 DO 4- .05 4-. 10 4- .14 4- .n 4- .20 4- .20 4- .19 4- .17 4- .14 4- .10 4- .05 // II II - :'i5 - .07 4- .02 4-. 11 4- .19 4- .ao 4- .31 4- .34 4- .34 4- .;« 4- .89 + .23 4- .13 A. 12 13 14 15 10 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 When tliu argiinieut ia la* to 24'' tbe hIrds uro to bo revorsed. II IWIJ UECAI'ITULATION OF SYSTI-MATIC COIMtKCTIONS. 587 liecapitulaHoH of HijHtetnativ corrcctionn — CoiitiniUHl. d is .3 1 c I-* B » - rao - .ai - . la (HI 4- . la 4- .ai 4- .:!H 4 r,.j 4- .'4 4- 71- 4 .87 4- .OS 4-1. II'.I 4-I.-.0 4-i.:iii 41. Ill 4-1. Ill 41.. 17 4-1.01 4-1.70 4-1.70 4-1. H 4-1. '.1,1 -i-a.ii'.i 4-a.a.i 4-a. 4;i 4- '.'ao 4 .a;i 4 .a.- 4 .:i:i 4 .:iH 4- .4:1 4 .IS 4- .r.a 4- .54 4 -rr, 4 .■^•■' 4 .•'•■1 4 ..'a 4 ..M 4 .•^'11 + .47 4- .4:1 4 .;«» 4- . :i4 4 .ao 4 .ai 4- .ai 4- .aa 4 .ail 4- ■•.v\ 4- .4:1 m 4- ..14 -1- ..17 4- .(la 4- .07 4- .7a 4- .77 4 .8a 4- .8(1 4- .88 4- .80 4- .80 4- .^8 4- .8(1 4- . M 4- .81 4- .Hi 4- .77 4- .7:1 4- .08 4- .0:1 4- .r.7 4- ..M 4- .M 4- .(io 4- .07 4- .77 Ess fe{-2 ii 4-lS. 4- R", 4- HU + !•' 4- 70 4- (15 4 (ill 4- r,.'. 4- r.o 4- 4,^ 4- 40 4- :i.'. 4- M + a:. 4- ao 4- !•' -t- 10 4- r> — r. — 10 — 1.") — ao — a.'i — .-10 — :r) — 40 — fill — (10 — 70 — t(0 — DO 4.:'a« 4- .47 4- .7a + .04 4-1.(10 4- .110 4- .70 4- .44 4-.1H — .01 — .a;i — .a? — .47 — .r.4 — . :>:> — .w — .47 — .4:1 — .4:1 — .4:1 — . 4;. — .:i9 — .;io — . IS — .05 "00 (10 00 — .01 — .O.'i — .10 — .17 — .aa — .ar. — .ai! — .ao — . ai) — .aii — .ati — . aii — .!!,'■. — .a;t — . 10 — .la — .(1.1 4- .0:1 + .n u II 00 — .OJ — . 1.1 — .ail — . a'> — .;;ii — 'a\ - ;'ir. — . 18 — . la — .ai ~ .08 — .aa — .(la — .aa 4- .0:1 — .«;i -I- (17 + lid 4 8.1 -(• hll 4 T. 4 7(1 -|- (m 14-1.00] 14- .(i7J 4- .4H + .11 — .(18 — . 1.') — . l.") — . 1.'. — . U> — .10 — .18 — .ai — . ao — .:io — .;ia — .:«i — .:w — .40 — .:i4 — .aa — .la — .o.-> .00 • — .:i4 — .:i7 — .411 -.41 — .la — .4a — .T, — .:i;i — .:i:i — .40 _ r,.j — !().1 — .80 — 1.00 — i.ao —1.4:1 — l.lill — i.'.i:i [—8. aoj — .aa — .'.0 — .ai — .aa — .ail — .a;i — .a:i — .ai — .ai — . Ill — . 10 — .10 — .10 — .14 - .00 00 4- • la i ■'• + .111 + . 10 4- .ail 4- . 10 4-. 17 4- . 1(1 4- . 14 4- .11 4- .08 -1- .0:1 - .01 - .07 - .la - . 1.1 4 CO ' 4- ■•.'' ; + fiO j 4 4.1 ' 4 10 -f :i.-, 4- :io 4 a.i 4 ao 4 1."' 4- 111 4 r. ~- ,1 — 10 — 1.1 — ao 1 — as ; — :io i — :t,i 1 — 4.1 — f — (iO -70 j — 80 — 90 4- . la ; - . 10 4- .ao ; — .0:1 4- . 40 1 4- . 08 1 A.R. .2 (5 ?5 c I* 2b i s A.R, h. 1 *» "t 4 r. (i 7 8 10 11 12 // // n /' -/ /- t II II 1 II la 1:1 14 1.1 10 17 IH 111 ao ai aa a'l a4 ::;;::;::;;;;:;;: ] \ ! 1 ::::::::: j :::::.. } .1 When — .70 — .75 — .SO — .74 — .62 — .55 — .50 — .50 — .42 — .20 + .25 + .48 + .5(i + .56 + .68 + .6.5 + .72 o + '.K) + 85 + 80 + 75 + 70 + 65 + 60 + 5.5 + 50 + 45 + 40 + :i5 + 30 + 25 + 20 + 15 + 10 + 5 — 5 — 10 — 15 — 20 — 25 — 30 — 35 — 40 — .50 — CO — 70 — hO — 90 — .23 j -i-i.r«i 1 -i- .10 — .21 J-1 45 : -u •«> — .19 — . 17 +1.53 + .42 4- ..53 i — .15 ^ 1 1 j ] i 1 • •• ^ :::::'.:;:l::::::;;:!;::::;:::::::::::: "", A.R. d a ■a n a 1 a an It 2 3 3 A.R. h. 1 a 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 // II // // ;/ If II h. 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 1 24 i When the nr»?iiment U IS' to 84'' the sifins are tu bo reversed. 1183] RECAPITULATION OF SYSTEMATIC CORRECTIONS. 589 Recapitulation of systematic corrections — Continueil. « !3 d ^ i ^ 1 l§ n & + :'i7 + .a4 + .33 + .40 + .48 + .50 + .51 -(- .49 + .43 + .:w + . 15 — .07 — .31 — .17 + .08 + .33 + .44 + .40 + .30 + .18 + .07 — .03 — .11 — .30 — .38 n & "oo 4 31 4 .39 + ..53 + . 67 + .80 + .86 + .83 + .70 + .47 + .31 — .02 — .13 — .0«i + .10 + .ai + .23 + .11 — .09 — .26 — .34 — .:«■> — .30 — .25 — .30 i c + OO + 85 + fcO + -5 + '0 + C6 + (iO + 55 + f.O + 45 + 40 + ;(5 + :to + 25 + 20 + 15 + 10 + s — 5 — 10 — 15 — -iO — 25 — X> + ."10 + .'-» + .:w + .41 + .40 + .31 + .20 + .08 — .03 — .10 — .14 — .18 — .18 — .18 — .ai — .33 — .4a — .ati + .13 + .40 + ..VJ + .62 + .80 H .90 +1. 80 + ;'m +1.00 +1.20 +1. 43 + 1.50 + 1.41 +1.21 + .'.Hi + .00 + .47 + .ao — .oa — .14 — .30 — .51 — .88 —1.06 —1.11 — .93 — .91 —1.06 —1.30 —1. .57 -1.83 —2. 10 "oo (H) 00 00 00 00 00 — .10 — .23 ~ .37 — .46 — .48 — .47 — . 49 — .58 — .73 — .88 -1. 00 — .88 — .74 — .79 — .89 —1.05 — l.*i —1.40 + :'io 1 + . 15 + .18 + . 19 + .20 + .18 + .13 + .08 01' — S-. — iO - . 09 + .03 + .12 + .07 — .06 — .10 — .10 — .10 — .20 — . 35 — .f>l — .67 — .83 —1. 00 00 00 00 — .03 — . 06 — .12 — .23 — .30 — .34 — . 33 — .37 — .38 -.28 — . 33 -.48 — .62 -.6«i -.47 — .40 — .40 — .40 — .40 — .;!5 — .:io + "lO i + . !■! j +.17 1 + . 19 ! + .20 i + . 19 ! +.17 i + . 12 ! +.11 1 -.01 1 — . 23 i — . f)0 j -.63 — .65 — .40 00 + .26 + .20 00 — .35 — .50 — .(i5 — .80 — .90 —1.00 + :'33 + .27 + .31 + . :«; + .40 + -43 + .44 + .41 + .:i5 + .33 + .10 — .10 -.a: — .35 — .10 + .30 + .40 + .:i6 + .18 + .03 — .11 — .34 — .34 — . 43 — .50 1 o 1 + 90 , + 85 + 80 ' + 75 + 70 + 65 + 60 + 55 + ,50 + 45 + 40 + 35 + :;o + 35 + 30 + 10 + 15 + r. — 5 — 10 — 15 — 20 — 35 — 30 — 35 — 40 — .50 — 60 — 70 — 80 — 90 — 40 — 50 — m — 70 -- ^0 - 90 A.E. h. 1 .^> fi 4 5 ti 7 8 9 10 11 la ......... . . . [ t 1 ■ 1 . .. II n A.R. It // // II // // tl II A. 13 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2u 21 aa 33 34 j ■ " * * ■ • • • " ■ ■ . . 1 ;;:;;:;::i 1 Wlien till) nrKUiiiunt \» V^ tu 34'> the sigua iiru to bu rovurseu. For giuicriil explauutiun we .Svctiuim Vlll. n.nd X. Abff*.— Ill u fnw Ciwiw tlio oorrectidus of tb«i tiilile nro only npplioiililu to <1«clit>atioiif) by direct obser- viitious above tho pole. For tbese, wbcro it is tbongbt to be worthwhile, the correoliouti to deolinn- tioiis, as they result fron< obscrvntious below the polo, are given iu the follow iug tjible. 'n. I'l 590 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. fl84] For obgervations below the pole. 6 Co 36 and Co 37. Eh 4!. Eh 42. Eh 43. Eh 44. Wn 45. Co 45 to Co 51. Wn 61 and Wn62. 6 // // // II // // »/ // o + 90 + 85 + SO + .09 + .09 + .09 — .83 — .17 + .01 + .94 +1.06 +1.16 —1.29 —1.30 —1.39 + .36 + .37 + .37 + .35 + .39 + .40 + .43 + .43 + .43 + .76 + .79 + .80 + 90 + 85 + 80 + 75 + 70 + 65 + CO + .09 + .Oi — .09 — .23 + .13 +1.24 —1.37 + .34 + .39 + .35 + 75 + 70 + 65 + 60 Wn 03 to Wn 65. Washington transit circle. S Wn66. Wn 67 ( be- fore Juno 1). Wn 07 (nftcr June 1.) Wn68. Wn 09. Wn74. V c // // II // u // // o + 90 + 85 + 80 + .55 + .58 + .59 + .99 + .36 + .44 z: 20 16 11 — .54 — .50 — .45 + .14 + .10 + .07 + .15 + .19 + .25 — .07 — .17 — .28 + 90 + 85 + 80 + 75 + 70 + .58 + .55 + .53 + .62 + • 03 00 — .37 — .28 + .06 + .05 + .33 + .41 - .38 — .48 + 75 + 70 Tliese corrections are in the cases of Co 36 to Co 37, Wn 45, Co 45 to Co 51, Wn 61 and Wn 62, and Wn 63 to Wu 65, derived moruly by the addition of a conntant to Ibo correction for declinations nbovo the pole. (o) CorrecUonet ultimce, pp. 351 to 371 of Struv's Pos. Med. (It30) mnst bo added for each star to the correction of Dt 24, in order to make it applic.tblo to Dt 30, (b) Ko 45. The corrections, with reversed signs, pp. viii to xi Int. to Kadclifie catalogue for 1845 must bo added. (o) Tlio curve southward from — 10° ig probably very near Ms 35 — 0".4. (d) Re 58. Tho correction, pp. xviii and six Int. to second CadclifTe catalogue, ' lUst bo added, with reversed signs. (c) Mo 62. Tbo important eiTcct of tho correction given in tbo table, pp. xxii to xxiv, introduction to tho catalogue, varies too r.ipidly to lie iucluded here. Tho two corrections must therefore be added. (/) Observations tulcen from Donn Beob. Dd. vi require the further correction given in Int., p. xiv. (i/) The corrections to Wn 66-69 (transit circle) aio npplicablo to tbo mean declinations of tho detailed observations after these havo been corrected for division error only. The effect of the latter might have boon included ; but grcaver accuracy, in interpolating, lesalts from the .oovo course. (k) Applicable to declinations of the catalogues. I Ill CATALOGUE OF 500 STARS THE EPOCH 1875.0, CONTAINING DECLINATIONS WITH THEIR ANNUAL VARIATIONS AND OTHER TERMS OF PRECESSION. COMPILED 1 KOJI OUIGINAL AUTHORITIES. 591 592 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. flSflJ Catalogue of 500 ttari a a a % B a "1 1 4 2 7 3 26 •4 46 •6 67 6 8!) •7 120 H 126 9 IM 10 155 11 166 VI 169 •la 175 14 196 ir> 194 •16 198 17 215 18 218 •19 219 •ao 239 31 25:j '-ii 2:.9 %\ 2t« ••i\ 25 3.14 •2ti 345 27 395 28 31)0 •29 4Ut 30 416 31 420 •32 4;i8 :i:i 447 34 453 •35 474 •30 487 37 M7 *3ri 522 39 537 •40 560 41 564 42 51.9 43 577 44 600 •46 611 Nnme, a Androiuedie , (i CiifMiopeiD . . . / Pegusi p Andromeclus . f) Hydri K Cassiopeo) . . . C CiwsiopMe... ir Androiuedie . d Andromedte . a CossiopeiB . . . a cou 21 CossiopecB . . o CassiopetB. .. C Androiuedie . i\ CuHsiopeiB . . . V CiUiBiopetD . . , )' Cnssiopeuj ■ . . /i AndroniediB . e PJHOinni (LL. 1985) ., /) Andromedu) . 82 Piacinm V Piscium a UrsiD Miuoris . 91 Pisciiiui i Cusaiupete . . . . ei Ceti 38 CusBiupeie. y PlieuioiH... rt PiRuiuni ... 51 Androniedfe . 1 Kridani 54 AndroniediB Pidchim 2 Persei e CnssiopeiB . a TriauKnli . /i Ariutiit 50 Ciwsiopeio . Ki Ca88iopeffi . 1 2.5 2 6 6 4 4 4.5 3 3 (i ?.5 5.5 5.5 4 4 5 5.5 3 4 4 5.5 2 6 3 4 5 6 3 3.5 3 4 6 5i . a iiO S S" c u . u.a a CMS < h. m. 8. 01 55. 8 02 31, 1 06 48. lU 15.1 14 32.4 19 09. 1 24 17.6 25 54. 5 30 01.0 30 12.5 32 38. 8 33 25. 5 34 37.5 37 18.8 37 25. 6 37 4.5.9 40 43. 41 32.8 41 4,5.5 45 37. 5 49 10.7 49 49. 2 56 27. 4 1 02 25. 9 02 44. 3 04 13.4 12 3(i. 13 00. 2 14 12.9 17 39.3 17 16.5 21 .57.4 22 56. 1 24 47.7 28 49.2 30 19.6 33 (13. 3 :!5 .50.2 3H 47.7 44 13. 1 45 25. 4 45 57. 6 47 41.2 52 47.9 53 46. 4 + 3.089 + 3. 162 + 3.082 + 3. 183 + 3. 141 + 3.2Ui + 3. IKi + 3.3.58 + 3. 3(K» + 3. 188 + 3. lihj + 3. 3iai + 3. .510 + 3.012 + 3.834 + 3. 314 + 3, l(i9 + 3. 581 + 3.367 + 3.530 + .3. .566 + 3.304 + 3. 109 + 3. 96(i + 3. 310 + 3.291 + 3.283 +20. 8 — /7 57 1!0. 11 .20 1 + 211.2012 . 0099 - 4.5fi — 114 + 3070 ! *r + H2 .51! 28. 25 .29 1 + lO.KHI .015 — 58.| — 107 (1.59 8 + 02 14 20. (18 .21 *i + 10.0227 . (10,57 — OIW — 130 — 0(177 1 i» + r.;i 12 110. 04 .111 ,5 + 10.8021 .0041 — 710 — 124 — 0204 lu + :i:i 01 50. 08 . 22 2 + 10.8723 . (10.57 — 097 — HI — 0(180 11 + :«) 10 35. 27 .10 3 + 10.7470 . 0055 - 748 — Ill _. 1035 Vi + 5.5 51 05. 12 .07 20 + 10.8(1110 .111122 — 80(1 — 1110 04117 , *i:l + (15 27 41.C(i .24 *> + 10. fO.'iO .0111 — 0.18 — 8,5(1 — 0208 1 11 — 18 40 2H. 21t .07 lii + 10.81110 . 0(1113 — 800 — 93 + 0219 15 + 74 18 15. (18 .12 + 10.7007 . 0048 — 901 — 191 0207 •l(i + 47 115 50. 48 .12 + 10.7748 .0048 — 877 - 124 0077 1 17 + 2:1 115 12. (10 .17 1! + 10.0018 . 0058 — 900 — 108 — 0738 18 + 57 ti'J 08. 21! .11 1 + 19.2481 . 0037 — 1071 - 1.55 — 4775 •111 + 60 17 (iO. 117 .27 1 + 10.0057 . 0070 — 974 — 129 _ 020(1 -M + (iO 20 17. 115 .20 1 + 10.8180 .0081 — 1100 — 140 + 1004 21 + (in 02 21.. "lO .10 9 + 10. .5780 .0041 — 1191 — 1.53 , 0103 ' **'J + :i7 4!) 14.00 .12 7 + i!'..>or .1111.18 — 1121 — 122 + 01174 ait + 7 12 .50. 01! .07 17 + 10.4721 . 00115 — 1188 — 101 + 021111 i •24 i>5 + (17 + :m (Ki 57 411. 88 20. 00 + 10.3107 + 10. lr-.52 — 1055 — 1400 — 205 — 125 + 002 1223 ".'io "uV """.'("iiii'iV •9f) + ;io 45 111!. 01 .1111 1 + 10.21100 .0121 — 1411 — 119 _ 0024 ; y7 + 20 ll(> 22. 511 .10 3 + 10. (ili>0 .0051 — 1.574 — 117 — 0175 : 28 + 88 1!8 I!ll. 8(1 .(111 on + 10.0158 .dOlll — 9070 —111108 + 01104 1 •211 + 2-.' 05 Oil. 118 .24 1 + 18.0158 .0000 — 1013 — 119 0901 j :to + 5!) 115 04. 02 .11! 5 + 18.^504 . 0030 — 1978 — 188 0540 i :n — 8 40 44. Ill .07 17 + 18.0:02 . 0033 — 1.534 — 90 2203 j •:w + (I'.t 117 12. Kt .17 3 + 18.71110 . 00.57 — 2318 — 201 — 07,5(1 :i;i — 41! 57 112. 48 .110 1 + 18.5100 .0105 — 1427 — 00 + 1312 :!i + M 42 02. 05 .08 1(1 + I-'. 0-08 .00115 — 17(W — 107 0(174 •:!,-. + 48 05 (III. 112 . nil 1 + I8.r,18(l . 0008 — 20,-':i — 1.55 — 0100 •;ta + il 50 1!8. 47 .11 7 + 18.:!078 . 0030 — 2125 - 1.50 11-9 37 — iw 52 20.1 ■ 22 )i + 18. u;,;:! . 00-0 — 1375 — 411 — 0474 •:i8 + ;,0 0;! 28.,,- ii' • 18.2051 .('040 — 2282 — 104 — (III119 :!'j + t' Ill 110. f 1 .00 12 ■ H. 24.50 . oo;i7 — 2009 - 102 + 0201! •40 + 50 10 25. 57 .311 1 + 17.9714 .0008 — 2490 — 108 04 19 41 + (111 01! 11.61! .11 8 + 17.91.50 . 0034 — 2828 — 234 0247 42 + 28 58 08. 1(1 .20 •j + 17.7131 . 005,- — 22!ll — 125 — 23,57 4;) + 20 11 45. 04 .07 19 + 17.7000 . (10:15 *J2li2 — nil ^ 11-0 14 + 71 48 511. 84 .10 10 + 17.0075 .0030 — .'i.-iii:'! — 1157 + (1235 •45 4- (111 47 00. 78 .32 1 + 17.0109 . 0079 - 3108 - 248 + 0135 11 W4 N B- -38 594 UNITED STATES xNOKTHEUN BOUNDAKV COMMISSION. (I88J CaUiloffue i(! 57 5H 51t •00 Gl !>:! (i4 05 Ofi •(i7 *()M *(;<» 70 71 7v! *7:! *74 •7fi 77 78 •7!l •fO HI h:i 84 •e5 87 H.H m DO ij i (ii>8 li4H (ioG •184 744 752 700 777 W!5 8-,'7 K!7 87a 885 890 9;J7 040 047 !t5:t 9G:i !)li-2 !t7l) 000 loao io4;i 1057 loiis 1007 1101 1 1-."J 1 1->7 11(10 l'J07 l-Jo;t 1234 1254 12;i5 1201) 1287 i;)2a l;!70 1420 145(> 1474 Nnine. y AmlroinediD ... II Ariptis .) Ti'iiiii);iili f Cell 1 CasKiopem 11 Triangiili i' Cell // Ai'iftis . Persei.. y Coti..... 7, IVrsei... 41 Ariel U .. T Persoi .. (/' Eridaui n Ceti y I'eiHei . - p PerHei. . j) PerHei . . P. f Arieiis . 00 Arietis . ,: Peiaei. 'rami Tumi S Pei'Bei . 7} Taiiri . i Pcrsei . S Persoi . . )' Eiiilani \ Persei.. 48 Pi rsei . ^ IVrsei. 0. 5 4 5.5 4 :i 4 :t 5 :!. 5 2. 5 as 4 2.5 4 r. r. Tuiiri 3.5 Taiiri 3.5 Tuiiri 1 Cuiiieloparili Cuiiiclojiarili 4 a o " a 4. 5 4 0. 5 3 li 3 3. 5 2.5 I 4.5 I ,"» 4.5 h, HI. K. 1 .-,0 13.0 2 00 07.8 02 011.7 0(i 22.5 18 47.5 20 03. H 21 30. i) 20 11.4 35 10.3 35 40.2 30 40. 5 41 3.5.5 42 37.8 45 21.3 40 33. 8 .53 31.2 .55 44. K ,55 4.5. 3 .57 10.3 3 00 02. 4 00 03. 3 04 32. 1 07 43. 1 13 01.2 15 24. 4 IS 05. 3 20 23. 8 21 33.3 27 51.4 34 01.8 31 12.7 40 03. 4 4t) 10.0 40 21.7 .^'1 51.5 .52 11.8 .57 10.7 .57 58. 1 50 3.5.5 4 05 43. 5 12 40.9 21 19.1 28 4.5.0 37 35 9 41 38,0 + 3.1.52 + 3.30H + 3.,5.-.0 + 3. 170 + 4.844 + 3. .5:15 + 3. 181 + .5. ,553 4- 3.3/0 + 4.001 + 3. 103 + 4.333 + 3.514 + 4.212 4- 7.008 + a. 274 + 3. 129 + 4.307 + 3.821 + 3. 878 + 4.294 + 7.300 + 3.430 + 3. ,542 + 4.249 + 3.221 + 3.214 + 0.430 + 3.708 + 4.241 + 5.000 + 3.5.55 + 3.757 + .5.242 + 3.ft73 + 2.791 + 4.440 + 10.8.53 + 4.331 + 4.380 + 3.408 + 3.40' + .40 — .75 — .10 — .43 + ." + .07 + .28 +1.57 — .22 + 1.29 — .45 +3. 10 + . 15 + .40 +2. 19 —1.35 + .•-'! + 1.17 —1.27 — 1.02 -1.18 +1.41 — .32 :i4 5(i + + + .*7 j +2.78 I + .90 I — .08 + 30 78 — .73 — .2(i -.71 + .40 — .37 +3. 28 — .90 + .,58 —2. 55 —1.07 — 1.08 + .00 -2.14 1 189] CATALOGUE Ol' 500 STAUS. 596 for the epoch IS'iS.O— Contiiiiii'd. rt . = 3 a u ^■n *i- ~. t j^ *',- er "a si DeclinnI ion, 1875.0. _si ^• .IS 4 1 g rf-1 (f(I -- - a 1 "3 e 'Z 4c3 L, C ^ ill' II rfi'' s a , „ '■ It // ■u; + u 4;i 4;i. HI .1:1 r, + 17.4070 . (miik; — 200:1 — 149 _ .0021 47 + 'i.i 5-i 111. 17 .00 25 + 17.210:1 .(021 — 254-1 — no . 1515 MS + :!i •Jl! 4l.7:t .11 7 + I7.224H . (iii;i7 — 2714 — 1:10 .0490 4!t + 8 15 :t,i. 55 .11 8 -j- IT.OOI'iO .01140 — 2192 — 97 .01,5;! •■■>(! + Wi 50 19. 27 .11 7 + 10.4920 .004;! — 4097 — ;iio -f . 0047 •51 + ;!i 14 19.04 .25 1 + 10.;1870 . 0075 — I'OIll — 129 . o:i7;t W + 7 5;t 5.5. o;t .0-1 14 + iii.:i:i(;9 .00;!0 — 27.-.8 - 95 .014,' nit + ••-' 10 09. ,50 .19 :! 4- 10. ll."0 .1100;! — 4-ii-:i — 4:12 -f .001; •r..i + l'.» 28 Hf.91 . 22 *> -1- i.'i. :.0H2 .(■ii;:i — ;ii48 — 107 . ( 151 2 no + 48 41 53.24 !20 >} -1- 15. ,-.o;>o .1.051 — :i.-i9 — 181 — .09.-1 «i + •-• 42 28. 10 .08 10 + 1.5.;iH20 .(1029 — 2919 — 85 . 1.575 57 + 55 22 29. 40 .211 2 + 15.2100 . 0005 — 1100 — 21:1 . 0200 r>H + yi; 41 :i7. 79 .11 7 + 1.5.1.911 . 0042 — :i407 - 118 . 1195 wt + 5-.' 14 50. 91 .1:! 5 + 1.5.0127 .0048 — 4122 — 194 .0114 *Wt + -8 55 10.59 .10 4 + ll.^l-;l . 005:! — 7010 — 904 + .0009 fil — 40 48 22. o:i . 29 1 + M.(;222 .0101 — 2:1:10 — 45 -f- .0405 (« + :! :t5 52. h9 .00 22 + ii.;i.v.;i .oo.';i — :1220 — H2 . O1-59 (i:t + 5:i 00 54. 54 . 2;! 2 + ii.4;!-^i . (tO(W — 1 124 - 19r< . 002:! (14 + :w 21 1.5. :i9 .20 .J + 14.2417 .000! — ;i9o:i — 141 .1127 «5 + 40 28 20. 18 .09 12 + 14. 1057 . 00-J9 — 4058 — 140 - .0122 nn + 49 08 01. 111! .21 2 + 14.0-5;t .0001 — 4(;:ii — 19:1 . 0918 •07 + " 10 19. 19 .11 7 + 1;!. 81.52 .0051 — 7819 — 70:1 .0519 •(i8 + -JO ;i4 •10. 80 .11 7 + l:!.0107 .(1012 — ;i7io — 101 .o-'42 '(i'J + t'5 12 ll-'. 05 . 24 *> + 1:1.2.529 .00,-9 — ;i9i2 — 107 .0990 70 + 49 24 5i.4;t .08 1.^ f l;i. 1025 . oo;!o — 1725 - 175 — . 0:1:14 71 + S X, 14.08 .14 .', + 12.9299 .004.- — :!024 — 81 _. . 0—5 72 + 9 17 41!. 17 12 + 12, M 177 . 0044 — :i(^,i — 82 .o,".o;i *7:i + 7V> r»5 12. 89 . 29 1 4- 12.7748 .0121 — 727:1 — 502 __ ,0112 •74 + :ii 15 :!-'.51 .27 1 + 12.:!2.55 .015 — 4:110 — 114 __ ,0:11 75 H- 47 2;t 08. 49 .OH i;i + ll,H-28 .0029 — 5021 — l,5rt — ,0i:i8 •7(i + GO 48 24. 09 .21 .J + 11.H22-I . 0079 — 0042 — :w9 .0910 77 -4- yii 4;! 00.57 .07 18 + 11.4129 .0029 429.S — 94 . 0558 ." + 111 :io :i7. .SO . <19 11 4- 11.0171 .oo:iO — 4021 — 100 — .o:ii;{ •79 + iv> 42 10.78 .20 1 4- 11.01811 .0091 — 0122 — 2,57 4- .0091 •80 4- ;i5 25 4i;.51 .20 ~ 4- 10.09:10 .00.50 — 4825 — 112 .OlHl 81 — \.i 51 ."0.01 .0^ 10 4- 10. 49i'5 . oo:!:i — 11.507 — 40 _ .1100 •ri + 50 00 ;m. :>- . 12 4- 10. IH'.KJ .0(M:i — 5017 — 1,54 — .04:17 Kt + '-5 l:! 20. 27 .19 :! ■f to. 2i:(5 .0000 —21219 — ;i7,-o 4- .o;i.'-i 84 + « 22 :t 1. 07 .2:1 2 4- in. oi.'.o .0000 — ,5510 — 112 ,oi::o •85 + 48 05 21.09 .22 2 + 9. 5,-.79 . 00,57 — .5052 — i;i9 — . o;;22 HO + 15 19 20. 2:t .09 11 4- 9, O'J:!^^ . 00.10 — 44-0 — 07 _ . 0275 07 + 18 54 04. 44 .08 10 4- H. :i25s .00:19 — 4079 — 00 — .0117 88 + Hi 15 21.78 .00 20 4- 7.5f:i0 .0021 — 40.'iS — 5,-1 — . 1918 89 + 5ti :ii 50. i;! .11 7 4- o.9o,-,o . 0042 — (HI 9 — 141 — .1510 UO + (iU 07 ;to. 711 .10 H 4- 0. 72H1 . 00:17 - 8151 — 2i;i — . 0014 'tf. 596 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDAUY COMMISSION. |1!M)J Catalogue of 500 stars i 9 OS i)l 93 04 ».■> m !»7 '.KS Hit 100 101 ii;-,' io;i 104 10.^) IOC 107 108 109 110 111 ll'J ii;i 114 115 no 117 118 Hi) 1-JO l-JI lJ-.i i-a 1^4 i2(; 1-J7 128 1-J'J 130 131 132 133 134 135 l."20 i.-.3n iri4U iri4i 1557 Name. I Aiirigni /? Cauinlopanli e .\iiriKU) C AiiriBio II Orioiiis I.'i.'iH ; y AiniKiP. 1013 ' a Anii;;iu. l(>-v'3 I ,j OiioniH. 1(181 1 J Tiiuri . . 170(i 1730 1741 i7()5 180-2 1845 1878 18>3 1^-5 18115 lUOi) 1080 2002 2047 200(> 2163 2104 21.->7 2237 2203 2305 2345 2308 2410 2430 2442 24fi2 2185 2551 2555 2til7 2710 2707 2728 2778 2810 P ColiiinliiK. ■i OiioniH . . . i! AiiriKai.. . ii Aiiri){a>... (' Aiiii)>in.. . ;/ (ii'iiiinorinn. /I (ii'iuiiini'iiiu. n Ai'^iiH y (k'urinoriiin. e Uoiiiiiiotiini . (icininoriini... r Caiiis Ma.jorlH. f lioniinoium... ■■■| (I Orioiiis 9 I.i'liiiiis 3. 5 f Oi'ionis 2.5 o Coliinibiu 2 I' Aiiri^iu I 5 3 1 3.5 2 4 4 (' Can s Miijoris 3.5 ?. (ii'iiiinonini (I tieniinoruiu ( Gcminortim . Cauitt Slnjoris. (luniinnnini... Hcniiiioiiim... lii'niiiioinm... GtMiiiiioi'iini... f Arsiis 55 Canii'loimrdi . P Arniis /? Caneri o Ursiu Ma.joris . 4.5 3 5 4 3 1.5 4 3. .I 4 4 5:^ Hi h. III. X. 4 18 51.3 .52 18.3 .53 00.0 53 44. 5 57 2.'>.7 57 45. 1 5 07 27. 4 08 31.0 18 23. 5 23 01.0 25 37. 3 27 13.1 20 .52. 3 35 07. 4 42 40. t! 4(i 33.2 48 24. 3 40 14. 1 .50 21.5 .51 U.H 05 113. 07 20.0 15 23.0 21 10.5 30 20. 4 30 14.5 41 11.7 41 32.0 .53 42. 8 ,50 41.7 7 03 18.5 10 ,54.5 12 30. 4 17 51.4 17 ,57.7 20 22. 3 20 ;i7.0 30 ,54. 37 30.0 45 .50. 8 50 11.5 8 00 20. 02 13.3 00 44. i 19 51.9 B + 3.1-07 + .5.300 + 4.202 + 4. 181 + 3. 425 + 4. lOli + 4.122 + 2.881 + 3.788 + 7.000 + 3.0'i4 + 2.045 + 3.042 + 2. 173 + 4. 15.5 + 2.113 + 3.247 + 4.030 + 4.305 + 4.000 + 0.010 + 3.022 + 3.(i33 + 1.3:',0 -i- 3. 4(>0 + 3.004 H-30. 234 + 3.000 + 2. :t57 + 3. ,503 + 2.430 + 3. 4.53 + 3. .501 + 0.311 + 3.7;iO + 3.2.57 + 3.830 -f 3.020 4- 3.081 + 3.084 + 2. 108 -i- 0.000 + 2. .554 + 3.257 + 5.043 (P( ill' ifl A/i' 4- 14 — .Hi II — .05 + 42 + .1-^ — .34 uo — .23 —1. 20 -- 18 + .31 + .48 + 8 -1.07 —2.75 + 17 — . 23 —1.18 + 10 — . 10 — .74 + 4 + .10 — .11 -1. H — .30 - .47 + 77 + .83 +2.11 + 4 + .09 +2. 00 + 3 — .30 - . 00 + 4 — .40 — .30 + 3 - .02 — .51 + + .10 — .31 + 3 — .12 -.111 + 3 — .01 - .02 + (i - .02 - ..52 + 4 — .14 — .25 + 3 + .22 +2. 30 i — .40 —1.13 + 1 + .08 + .19 1 — .80 —1. 10 + 1 -.13 + ■' — 17 54 48.00 .00 10 + 2.8581 . 0038 — 3832 — 11 . 0000 1011 — 1 17 (HI. 94 .08 15 + 2. 0202 . 0033 — 4100 — 14 + .01104 104 — 34 8 31.22 .10 4 + 2.1273 .MlOO — 3103 — / . 0451 105 + 3y 00 33. .53 .21 2 + 1.5102 . 0000 — 0047 — 17 + .0170 10(> — 35 48 .50.72 .27 1 + 1.5018 . 0080 — 3087 5 + . 3880 107 + 7 22 54. 34 .00 20 + 1.0210 .0021 — 4735 — 5 + . Oli(iS 108 + 54 l(> ly. 12 .11 7 + 0.8114 .0044 — 7200 — 14 .13112 loy + 44 55 55. 02 .00 12 + 0. 8300 .01)28 — 0302 — 10 .111135 no + W 12 04. y2 .17 3 + 0.0751 . 001 iO — 5008 — — .00.50 111 + m 21 35. 08 .13 5 — 0.5015 . 0055 — 9045 + 28 .1183 112 + 22 32 27. 18 .10 10 — 0. 0570 .0041 — 5270 + 8 . .0101 ii;t + 22 34 31.03 .08 10 — 1.4080 .IK Kill — 52,-0 + 15 . 1210 114 — 52 37 40. 83 .23 2 — 1.8410 . 0085 — 1025 + o + . 0087 iir> + 10 30 14. 10 .07 10 — 2. 7078 . 0033 — 5000 + 23 . 0470 IK! + 25 15 00. 70 .14 4 — 3. 1732 .0051 — 5300 + 32 _ .0152 117 + ^1 14 04. 35 .07 ly — 3.02,-0 . 0033 —43207 + 1704 — . 0,101 lis + :i4 0(> 34.48 .11 8 — 3. 0220 .0047 — 5018 + 4^ — . 102 iiy — 28 4s 12. 13 .11 7 — 4.0700 . 00.50 — 3324 + 14 .0128 l-JO + 20 45 05. 75 .11 »^ — 4.0219 . (Kl 40 — 5017 + 41 - .0114 121 — 21) U 4,5. 81 .12 1) — 5.4002 . 0055 — 3:!03 + IS + . 0003 122 + 10 45 50. 12 . 10 4 — 0.1521 . 0047 — 4707 + 50 .11450 121! + 22 12 37. 00 .07 18 — (i. 2li80 . 0020 — 4018 + 57 .0103 124 + 08 43 03. 10 .10 4 — 0.7100 . 005S — 8(i,52 + 2(i4 — . 0375 125 + 28 02 30. 00 .14 4 — 0. 7720 . 0048 — 5007 + 08 — .0818 120 + 8 32 21.07 .10 10 — ().0303 .0041 — 4420 + 48 . 0408 127 + 32 oy 37. 00 .07 10 — 7.1781 . 0024 — 51,52 + 80 — . 0783 128 + '-M 41 44. 00 .15 4 — 8. 2010 .0051 - 47f7 + 70 — .0033 i2y + 28 10 34. 20 .00 2l'> — 8.347' .00211 — 4700 + 70 — . 0.575 lao + 27 05 14.74 .11 8 — 8.0007 .0041 — 4771 + 85 — . 0240 131 — 30 30 00. 72 .30 1 — 0. 0300 . 0000 — 2021 + 24 + . 0207 i;!2 + (is 50 20. 20 .14 4 — 10.0515 . 0053 — 7(il0 + a53 + . 0020 in;t — 23 50 42. 71 .10 — 10.1405 . 0043 — 3155 + 37 + .0454 134 + '.» 34 00. 08 .00 10 — 10. 807(i . 0030 — 3050 + 73 . 0.520 135 + 61 08 00.80 _:!! — 11.0155 . 0037 — 50,57 + 251 — . 1220 598 UNITED STATICS NOHTHKRN BOUNDAUY COMMISSION. 1 1931 Catalogue of 500 stars a s 'A i:m i:t7 i;w i;;'.) 140 r4i \\i u:i 144 145 14fi 147 U-i 14!) 150 ir.i l.VJ ir,:i 154 155 150 157 15H 15it lUO 101 Wi l(i:t l(i4 1()5 100 107 108 lt'>9 •-J n Ni> mil. 9 2053 I .! Cnncri I!!lli5 I 1 (.'aiicii •J.'M\ t ll.vdno IKM-' I 1 l.'i-Mn Mujiiiis . Iiii75 I K I'rMc MiijuriH . Uism Mujoris . Ciimri AiKii.s Lviji'is AiKiis 110119 :ini 111 'JO :ti78 lileo ni99 :i-j-,';i :iy4-i ;i:ti-^ :t;t;!i .t:iio ;i:;7i ;i'i5;) :i4ni> n Ilydrii' ".'4 Druu Miijnri . W L'rstt! Jliijoiis . o KoiiniH I.i'onin Urup Miijoris . I.L'lllliK lA'nniH Li'ciiiIh 349(5 39 irrsie Xlnjorm nr;05 ' ?. rr(*a' Mnjctris ;i5-,';i j' I'rMi' Miijiiiis :<.'j3:I /I I'rMi! Miijoris 3593 3009 p I.oonis :i(i95 V Arjjiis 3TIW I 53 I.iMini.x 3707 ,< lj>iu MiijnriH 3(77 ri I'lSii' Miijoiis 3f'l-J .;• 3H34 : (1 3K!' I 3H5'J 170 3H59 171 390(1 I7;i 3914 173 3940 174 3981 175 3995 170 4P0'_> 177 4017 178 mi 179 411-i ISO 4K'3 1 rsiD Miijoris .. . l.euiiiH I.i'oiiifl llrBiu Mnjoris .. . Cniteria I.i'on's Draionis I.ioiiis rrs;r Ma, juris . Liouis Virninis l.'rNU! Majoris .. . Virjjiiiis 'I UrNO) Mnjoris . 4.5 3 5.5 4 3.5 4.5 4 2.5 A. ni. 1. 8 37 34. 8 39 07.8 40 09.4 .■)0 :i8.4 .V) O.'i.O ,V.» !«. (I 9 00 ."i8. 5 o:i •J3.9 13 2(i. 1 13 44.0 19 05. 9 ai '.'0.7 %\ y3. 5 ii4 i!9. 1 ;« '.'H.o 38 4,".. a \i 05. 1 45 39.0 10 00 31.0 01 4-.>.8 08 .'0.0 09 33. 1 13 04.7 14 .'a.o •J4 ^.5.0 20 13.7 40 l-.'.O \-l 41.1 .54 17.3 .v. 59. 8 11 O-i 37.7 07 a7.5 07 40.8 11 43.4 13 05. 5 31 23 30 3-t \l 44 47 58 18 00 09 30. 5 57.5 3.».9 •JO. 7 41.0 11.0 14.8 50.5 19.4 13.9 + 3.419 + 3.014 c. 13 ao + 3. 184 7 + 4. 139 — 44 -1- 4. 1','5 — 44 + .5.374 134 + 3.a.55 9 -4- a. -.'02 4- 4 + 3.07a 27 + 1.00(5 — 2 + l». 113 _ 795 + a. 949 — 2 + .5.425 — 109 4- 4.0.50 .Vi + 3.207 — 9 + 3.419 18 + 4. 330 — 82 + 3.424 — 20 + 3.278 — 13 + 3.202 — 10 + 4. 437 __ 115 4- 3.040 38 + 3.317 — 15 + 3.002 — 30 + 5.303 — 280 + 3. 100 „ 8 + a. 310 + 22 + 3.1.59 8 + 3.3()7 — 03 + 3.758 — 81 + 3.398 37 + 3.202 — 13 + 3. 155 — 10 + 3.258 — 23 + 2.995 + () — 3.08S 2 + 3.637 _ 111 4- 3.072 4- 3. 197 — 30 4- 3.065 — 7 4- 3. 125 4- 3. 188 — 44 4- 3. 058 — 3 4- 2.904 — 120 4- .3.003 — 43 4-1.95 — .87 — . 04 — .08 4- .22 —1. 00 + + .13 .38 .43 .17 . 54 .50 .32 .01 — 1.24 — .18 — .51 — ..54 — .011 — 1.10 — .04 + .09 — .27 — ..54 4- .31 — .01 — .51 — .57 4-1.59 — .80 — .13 — .47 — .43 4- .28 — .71) 4-1. (i7 4- .Ob 4-3. 92 -2. 47 —1.74 - . 18 -1-2. 82 —2. 34 — .48 — .01 4- .85 — .03 — 1.40 — .12 — .Oti —1.84 -1.30 4- .95 4- .11 —2. (i5 — 1.30 — l.U — .98 — .38 —2. 78 —2.70 4- .04 — .18 —2. 3 1 —1.2 J -1.28 4- .:t5 —1.20 4-3. 84 — l.tO — ..52 —2.51 — 1.05 — .05 —1.22 4-2. 93 4- .92 U9»l CATA1.00UK OF 500 8TAKS. for the epoch 1875.0— Coutimii'il. 599 J! a D 'A VM i:i7 i;i8 140 1)1 II,' ii;i 144 145 Mfi 147 148 14!) ir.() IJI irvi ir.;t 154 155 15fi 157 15,S 15U 100 161 IIW i(;:i 1(>4 itij Kifi l(i7 l(i8 1()!> 170 171 17.2 1711 174 175 r/(> 177 178 nil 180 Doolinatlon, 1875.0. J"- + 18 :iO 44.17 4- UO U t>\M + i> u-i :i4.,v,» ■+ 48 M .50.87 + 47 :i8 57.05 + C7 :i8 y:). ;i;! + 11 10 1I.1CJ — 4'J .55 41!. 04 + 114 55 II.O'^ — .58 45 Oil. 78 + 81 .5'J :i','.Kt — 8 07 04. Ill + 70 y.> 40. a5 + 5a 14 44. Jo + 10 27 x..yi + i.>4 20 ,55. 41 + .50 :i7 ;tl.l7 + 2(; 115 40.(11 + 17 22 l(;. .08 Ml .30 1 ! 3 13 8 19 8 13 3 27 14 i 3 : 13 n 24 I 12 [ ai i 3 ! 2 : 1.5 9 12 15 12 20 12 'EC cs ..^ a . " 5 — 12.1H134 — 12.8937 — 12.9.548 — 13.8125 — 13.9401 — 11.1971 — 14.2144 — 11.3:05 — 11.9717 — 14.97(ifl — 1.5,3300 — 15.4132 — l.'i. 19111 — 1(1. 1(1-^2 — 1(1. 17^9 — 10.3803 — 10.0917 — 1(1.7.>7 — 17.3984 — 17.4430 — 17.7705 — 17.8131 — 18.(1.505 — 17.9(119 — 18.3514 — 18. .1(177 — IH. 8,)51 — 18.9.527 — Ill] 3439 — 19.4710 — 19.(1719 — 19.0111 — 19. .57 98 — 19.4.521 — 19.7030 — 19.8274 — 19. 8.539 — 19.9549 — 20.1101 — 20. 2890 — 20. 0.'47 — 20. 01(;2 — 20. 0253 — 20.02-8 — - o . 003!) .0000 .oo:io . (M(20 . 0047 .11011 ,11040 .0102 .0ii;i9 .(II 19-1 .0040 .0023 .(JO('l . 0028 . 0037 . 0(K0 .0033 .01134 . 0053 . 0020 . 00(10 . 0032 . 0028 . 0040 . 0044 . 0035 . 00-18 . 0043 . 003(i .0021 .0031 . 0020 . 0055 . 0002 . 0034 . 0039 . 0030 . 0035 . 0034 .0021 . 0028 . 0022 . 003(1 . 0043 . 0035 (f-'.l 7/1- — 3797 — 4025 — 34'

  2. 8 — .uiiri — . 0537 — . 2.'i28 — .00-1 — . 0,5,58 — . 0037 4- ,0120 + .01,52 4- . 0282 . 0184 . 0302 . 0.599 — . 5505 — . 0333 — .0210 — . 1002 — .0,520 — . 0084 — .0010 4- 4- 4- 4- + + — .02 . 0429 . 14.55 .0194 .0101 — .01188 — . (1038 — . 0288 4- . Oll-O — . OOOU .0418 .1121 . 0772 . 0312 . 1835 .0210 . 0200 . O.'.SO 4- .0188 — . 1191 — . 2825 — .(I1II5 4- .0378 4- . 0213 4- . U092 600 UNITKD STATES NOUTHEKN BOUNUAUY COMMISSION. 11041 Catalogue of 500 atari a a a a < 1H| \fi • l«i •icri I8<'i IH7 •IHH M'JO 1'.I4 •19-. I!N< l'J7 •liW •lint yoo '■m •■M> •Ml •J04 •*lo «Otl ••Jft7 yos •iiO'J •J 10 an ••-'la m;i 214 air. •aifi 217 2H 21il •220 221 222 22:! 224 •225 NaDio. 4i:il 41):. 41H7 4I!I1 4222 42:14 12:tD i:i42 4:i:iii 4:!4(i 4:iii4; 4401 4421 44:IJ 44''0 4IS4 4r.()(! 4r.i:i 4r.;i2 4r.40 4.V.Ki 4007 4018 4037 4048 40ri'J 4000 4075 4(i9»i 4700 47:t2 1721» 4741 47t*i) 4804 4^.08 4812 •'■ .'2 4827 48:12 4M(i4 4870 48".).-. 4897 ii Cliniiielcontia. V Vir)»iiii« '.' (Iiucm 1 1 Ciiiiiiii 4 Ui'uc(iiii!< il (,'iirvi K PlIK'l.llJH 9 ('aiiiiin Vt^jiiiti(<()riiiu llrHiu MiiJoriH Caniuii Vriiiiticunini I'rHii' MiiJi.ri.H Vii'KiuU C'UIIIID II VirKinis. IJrH^u Miijuriii . f VirKiriis 81 L'i'siu Majuris . ti I'lPiD Majuria . Kddtia 7 liootis II Ilniitis. l> Cciiiaiiri U Hootis.... n Dracoilis , 12 IlootiH. a |)ooti8. X Ilddlis. lioutia. 24 liootis p llootia y llddliH . 5 I'rujs Minoria. a> Cetitaiiri :I4 Hddtia.... e' Hoolis c' Li brio ;t.5 1 :> 2. r. :i. r. 0. .'. 5.5 :i 4.5 4.5 1 :i f! 4 5. 5 ti 2. 5 G :) 6 I 3.5 1 4 4 6 4 3.5 4 G.5 1 4.5 3 3 6.5 a h. in. I*. 12 11 li;i.5 13 :io.7 1 19 :19.5 i 20 08.9 24 :I7.5 27 49. ;t 28 (18. :i ;12 4.\2 48 i:i.8 48 31.5 .'iO 10,7 55 21.7 13 0:1 21. 8 00 (12. :i 08 U2. 7 18 30. (■> 18 r'3. 4 22 .50.7 24 ,^0.0 28 19.5 29 18.9 40 ,55. 1 42 ;«!. 8 43 48.2 47 14.0 48 44. 50 29. 3 51 01. 1 55 :!0. 4 14 01 00. 4 04 42.0 09 45. 09 .'.7. U ;!7.8 20 50. 5 24 10.9 20 20. (i 27 02.0 27 48. 8 29 31.8 :il 07.2 37 ,55.7 39 31.7 4:i 57. 9 44 12.3 + :i.;m) + :i. (XH + 3.282 -f :i.oo9 + 2. Ii77 f 3. i:w 4- 2. OOO + 2, 1MI4 + o.;ioi + 2.001 + 2.817 -j- 2. .592 + ;i. 101 + 2.H)7 + 2.7:10 + :t. 152 + 2.121 + I. 518 + 2. 818 + :i.053 + 2.;i2() + 2. 555 + 2. ;174 + 2.84' -f 2,80. + 2. 8,59 — 0.01 1 + 4. 170 + 2.724 + 1.023 + 9.739 + 1,0!)8 + 2. 735 + 2.284 + 2.043 + 2. 088 + 2. ,'•.87 + 2,418 — 0.208 + 2. 180 + 4.029 + 2. (J:19 + 2,021 + :t. :!09 + 2. ;t57 lit' + 180 + :t + (18 — 12 — 58 + 10 — 51 — 19 + 2'Jl — 27:i — 15 — 25 + 8 — H — 14 + 11 — 17 + 7 — 5 + — 14 — 9 — 10 — 2 — + io. + 84 — :i + •'■' + 29 + 2 .1 I + 74 + 15 — 1 Ao + .21 — .87 — .70 — .02 — .14 + 1.41 — .93 + 1.72 + 1.44 — .:i4 — .05 — .80 — .27 — . 13 — .14 — ,07 — .01 + .22 — 1.22 — . 15 — .18 — .20 — .08 — .07 . 00 — .(r,T + .21 — .40 + .:i4 — .80 — .20 — .18 - . 13 - .:!;! + .:«) +1.01 — .10 —1. 13 + .21 + .:!0 — .47 — 1. 10 ■V — .(i8 — 1..58 —2. 17 — .80 — 1.02 + .41 +2. 9:1 — 1.42 H-:i,:iH +;i. 90 — 1.09 —2. 40 —2. 12 — 1.04 — 1.79 — .08 — .07 — ,07 +2. 20 —2.79 + 1.02 — . :i5 — . 75 — I.:i7 —2. 07 -1..-9 + .08 -4.71 — ,53 — .11 —1.20 + .02 -2.04 — .08 — . 32 — . 0.8 — 1,58 — 1.74 +;t.59 — .53 —0.43 — ,31 + 1.12 —1,80 —1. 62 fl«5] CATALOGUE OF SOO STARS. 601 for the epoch 1875.0— Contiriuwl. |_. 2 li a i-l,- >\1 ••Il 3 Uculiiiutiiin, 187r..0. 2 To S 3 3 So ilW .7P u a 'A r 1 ^- £=•= I 1 // n II // // „ It 181 — 7H ;i7 (14. 29 22 ij — 19.9878 . 0094 4- 11211 4- i:i:t 4- .04:i5j \*i + •» 01 40.7.-. ]o7 18 — 20.0472 .00112 + 1149 + 100 — .(CJ-H Irtl — (12 21 21.7li . 2.5 I — 20.0219 ,00!K) + 495 4- 121 — .0417 •IH4 + 27 !,7 :w. 99 .20 t| — 20.00:18 . 00.5(1 + 471 4- 91 -- .(WO •180 + m r>:i :iH. Id .14 4 — 20. 00118 .(KMil -1- ,505 + (1(1 — . 011.52 lH(i .JO 42 1H.7.-. .09 12 — 19.9725 . oonii + (i:i7 + 105 — .0(1,51) ir-r + 7(1 2H It.-, r-r. .10 .'-. .28 1 — 19.h729 .(KKid 4. (188 4- 84 — . 0'.';i2 |H<» + s.i (I.'-. ;t2. 711 .11 8 — 19.59'.H( , 0042 + 191 4- 09 4- . 01^28 •1 — 19.(11)18 .0042 4- 895 4- d4 — .0'2.54 191 + :i8 :,d :t7.72 .07 20 — 19, .5274 , Olhi7 + 970 4- 7(1 4- .0481 •lihj + r-? 02 2.'>, r>5 .ltd 1 — 19.49(1(1 . OOIH + 99:1 4- do — .((■24d i'.»;i - 4 r.2 Id. 10 .07 Id — I9.;i;tii ,00:11 4- l:il9 -1- 100 — .0412 IIM + 28 :io 4I.(H .1:1 5 — I8,;i4,58 ,0011 4- I'.'-JO 4- 74 4- .8810 •lur. + Id 4-1 ,•.,'). 48 .1'* 1 — 19,1007 ,0111 4- 1.19 ^■ (19 4- .0101 m; - 1(1 :io 29. flH .('(> 2d — 18.112:19 . 0021 4- l(l-.>5 4- 10:1 — .01178 1117 + .^.-. :i4 111. (11 .10 10 — 18.1M195 .00:11 4- l'28l 4- 49 — .01117 *iiw + 7;i 02 27. Kt . 22 %% — 18,7748 , 008:1 4- >(!() + 20 — .0197 *1SIS» + 24 + It ri-i Tid, (18 — 18.(1925 4- 15,-5 4- 17411 + 4- 7(1 ','00 02 ItH. (Ill ".'67" '"'is' — 1>«. .54:12 '"'.'(Wi'ti' 9:1 "'+",'d.U)i' •aoi + .'•..'. .-.9 22. 2."» . 24 — 18. ,57 111 ,0081 4- i:i(i5 4- 44 — ,(C2'I8 •2(i\> + 41 42 r.A ^8 .114 I — 18. If97 ,0110 4- 1(172 1- 5(1 — . OK. 'jo:i 4- 11) "id ir..K) .0(1 21 — IH. 1020 ,00'.'l 4 1.570 4- 4(> — .0-.M5 •Jill + 21 rill 07. 12 . 21 2 — 18.(1229 ,(107(1 4- 1-92 4- 74 -f- , 009:t ••.'05 + IH :i2 fiH. 49 .27 1 — 17.9J:il , 0002 4- 19(15 + 7d — .(W47 '-'OC. + l'.> 01 ltd. 42 .07 21 — 18.2001 , 0(W 4- 1979 + 7.5 - . :t(i09 ••-'(17 + 7!l ;i(i 44. 94 .2.1 2 — 17.7777 .009:1 — 1:1:1 4- 124 — ,0002 'J(IH — :a) 4(1 07. 14 .2:: 2 - 17. (1:144 ,111101 4- 2997 )- 218 - .0.5:11 ••JOit + •-.'7 .'lO 28, 1 1 .1(1 4 — 17.,5I10(( .0047 -H 1998 4- lit') + ,0007 210 + (il 58 25. lilt .07 17 — 17.:!174 . 1 028 4- 12(12 4- 27 -f- . 00.59 'Jll + •-'•'• 41 04.84 . 25 1 — 17.22118 .Olid 4- 2142 4- d , — ,0(1.5(1 -il-.' + 711 01 10.40 .19 ;i — l(i. 99(11 .0081 4- 9:1:1 4- :i:i — .0708 •.'i;i + 1'.' r)(i 02. 58 .0(1 27 — 1.-<.9I48 . OO-.'O 4- 2151 4- (Id — 1,9994 •Jll + 111 :«• 47.01 .lit d — Il\d817 , 00411 4- 1808 4- 41 4- .1,548 yir. + .-.2 25 45. 12 .09 11 — 1(1.78711 . (io;t2 4- 17(17 + Itl — 4072 *'Jt(i + no 24 l-*. 17 .24 3 — 1(1.2,5(15 . 00(10 4- 18;!;t + 3n — .04'\-) ai7 + :!0 5.'! 1.5. !->:t .09 U — 1.5.9-45 .0010 4- •2:11:1 4- 5:t 4- .ii;i2 •J18 + :(•< r.i 21.11 .15 4 — 15,9247 .0041 4- 2170 4- 45 4- .1410 •JIS) + 7(! If) (Id. 01 .09 10 — 1(1.0100 .011.11 — 108 4 100 4- .01.59 *-.>2U + 17 2() 04.78 . ltd 1 — 1.5,9744 .0109 4- 2009 + 117 — , 0119:1 221 — (10 19 11. (in .2:1 — 1.5,4215 .OfiOO 4- :i:il7 4- 17(> 4- . 42,57 222 + 27 (111 .'id. 91 . 25 I — 1.5.4rl4 .110(19 4- '2515 4- Tia — .(io:il 22:1 + 27 ltd 07. 81! .07 20 — 15.11787 . 00'J8 4- 2515 4- 54 4- ,0102 221 — \:> 111 1.5.(17 .07 21 — 1.5.2l,5d ,0021 4- :'.'.'2i 4- 100 — , 0780 •225 + -M 19 ;17. 78 .25 1 — 1.5,007d ,0004 4- 2:102 + 41 4- ,11,58 :f N B- 602 UNITED STATES NORTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. fl96] Catalogue of DOO iitars •2'J7 'iM 23(1 •«17 a:i8 •vMO a4i 24'i a4;t a44 a4r> •d4(i 847 a48 a4!t a,-.o 2,-.a a.'.;! 2.-.4 a55 •a5(i ar>7 a,-)H a(io aoi •aiia I aiiii a(i4 •a(i5 aiif. 207 208 209 •a70 a a s ■«i B9 4918 49;»> 4937 4958 4974 5026 50J4 5034 5 71 50.i!4 5094 5097 5098 5115 51-.'2 5i:!0 5131 5143 51.57 510-f 5178 5192 51 Bootis Coroiiu) lioreaiis . (I Coronin llorealis . ip Bootis. Coroiiin 'l.i'.oiilis . Coronio lioroiiliti . Si-rpi'iitis Seipciitis SurpuntiM HcrculiR llrsiB Miuoris HlTCIlliH Con)iue Uort'uIiH . Scoi'pii /J' Scorpii Dittconia llvrculis . (i Ophinrlii . lU lloi'ciiiis . T II.TcnliK. . y- lIiTClllis 4 CoroiiiD 23 lleruiilU i>.t> 3 3 (i (> 2.5 (i 4 3 4 (> 5.5 4.5 2.5 5. 5 a. i> 3. 5 3 (i 4 4.5 3 .5 5 3 3 I). 5 13 Se CM O h. III. ». 14 48 l(i. 1 51 0.5.4 52 14. 1 ,57 14.2 ,59 40. 3 15 08 50. 08 58. 7 10 10.9 10 24.7 19 40.2 20 .51!. 5 22 09. 1 22 40. 25 2 '. 9 20 20. 4 27 18.0 27 .53.4 29 23. 8 30 52. 9 33 20. 3 15 34 40. 3 37 29.7 38 00.7 40 21.9 44 35.2 48 81.2 48 3.i.9 51 18.8 .52 21.9 52 5(i. 54 49. 4 .58 10.2 .58 .54.8 59 33. Ki 04 49. 9 05 59. 1 00 30. 1 07 47.8 tl9 .5(i. 3 15 3-<. 1 15 ,58.9 10 21.4 17 13.7 18 08.0 21 41.5 + 1.517 — 0. 240 + 1.984 + 2.200 + i.u;9 4- 8.284 + 8.979 + 3. 220 + 1.7.59 + 2. 8 + a. 154 + 2.2.57 + 2. 518 + 2.951 + 2. 7(i5 + 2. 987 + 2.071 — 2.281 + 2.019 + 2. 485 4- 3. .537 + 1.410 + 3.477 + 1.525 + 1.119 + 1.884 -;- 0.134 + 1. 170 4- 3. 138 4- 2. 055 + 2. 048 + 1.798 + 2.044 + a. 343 + 2.302 + 1.309 dl 1 iif A//' 1. II II + 9 — .09 —a. 51 + 103 + .39 +1.,54 + 1 — .05 — 1.4H — .27 — .73 + 1 — .05 — .04 + 1 — .47 -1.13 + 7 — .18 — . 40 + 12 — .81 — .49 + 5 — .51 -2. 10 + 1 — .50 —LOG + 75 — .51 -1.03 + 14 + 00 — .,53 + 2 + .34 — .(i5 + 17 + .38 + 1..51 + o + .03 - .80 + 2 + ..58 — .03 + 2 — .82 -2. 17 + 2 — .37 — .77 + 3 — . 21 ~ ..59 + 8 —1.08 —2. 50 + 2 — . 19 — .18 + 3 + .20 -3.90 + l< — .20 - .71 + 4 +1.01 —1.77 + 7 -.00 —1.19 + 2 +1. 00 +9.99 + 203 — .11 + ■14 + 4 — .21 —1.07 + 3 — 1.59 —2. 75 + 10 — .24 —2. tij + 10 + .28 + 1.32 + 14 - . 10 —.5. ^0 + 9 + .72 + 1.00 + 14 + .27 + .03 + 5 + .07 — .40 1 + 40 + .18 - .10 + 14 — .32 -2. 70 + H — .25 + .10 + 4 + .07 —2.11 + 4 + .09 + ..90 + r> — . 35 — .34 + 4 — . 08 — .80 + 3 — .28 —1.04 + 3 + .la — 1.32 + 10 + 1.15 +3. 40 [197] CATALOGUE OF 500 GTAES. for the epoch 1875.0— Continued. 003 u a . S A a ti « •E=! £ =- .2 *■ 2 «io a a ^ c Deplinotion, 1875.0. *~ ^ .-2 d?S (Pi a •^ .o ■0"° .a 'a - 1 =-J dt' d(> d a a 1^ CLi 1 5.2 1^.3 go '- II 1 Hi o / II „ // II II II •220 + 5'.t 48 Oi». 07 . 25 1 — 14.7440 . 0082 4- 1531 4- 25 4. . 1120 227 + 74 ;i'.t 58. 82 .00 23 — 14.7U>5 .0021 — 187 4- 103 4- . 0044 •228 4- 5(1 08 25. 1 1 .25 1 — 14.8035 .0083 4- 2043 4- 30 . 2408 22!) ■+ 4() 5;i 04.27 .08 14 — 14.30,57 . 0035 4- 2359 4- 37 . 0453 •2;«) + 48 08 :!(». !U .23 2 — 14. KiOl . 00(i5 4- 20.57 4- 28 4- . 040(5 '231 + :i8 44 02. 28 .27 1 — 13. (i 128 .0114 4- 2504 4- ,3(i . 0103 2:!2 + ■'■> 24 17. 12 . 23 2 — 13.03(!0 . 0075 4- 3240 + ()8 . 0220 2;i;! — 8 55 i;t.(io .07 20 — 13..5(ill . 0020 + 3518 4- 81 .0309 2;n + 52 24 :!;!. 50 .33 1 — 13. 1,505 .017 4- 1000 4- 25 . 021 '£& 4- ;i7 48 50. 7:1 .10 — 12.8177 . 0033 4- 2.575 + 34 4- . 0884 2;ic + 72 Ifi 4;t. 02 .08 14 — 12.8(107 .0024 — 107 + 84 4- + .0177 •2;!7 + 5<» 24 l(!.(i8 . (lit 13 — 12.7252 . 0042 4- 1547 + 20 .0207 2:!8 + 2'.l ;!2 I5.;i4 .10 3 — 12.0428 . 00.57 + 2.-30 + 41 4- .0075 •2;!i> + (il 0(5 07. 12 .31 1 — 12. .51,02 .0103 4- 1307 + 28 .0129 2^- + 41 15 :»;. 0:1 .24 »l — 12.4,5,50 .0081 4- 2515 4- 31 — .0020 241 + 41 1!) 28. 32 .24 — 12.4035 . 0070 4- 2500 4- 30 . 0003 212 + ;ti 4(i 55. 88 . 2(> 1 — 12.37,50 . (1000 + 2r20 + 30 . 0.'17 24;t + 27 08 I1..55 .Of. 25 — 12.3408 . 0021 4- 2005 + 42 .0007 214 + 4;! :i4 5(). 5!) .23 .J — 12. 1038 . 0005 4- 2433 + ■J.S + .0431 245 + 40 45 41.21 .23 — 11.0172 . 0005 + 2577 4- :;o 4- . 0580 •24fi -f- 37 02 ;5;5. 81 .20 — 11.8702 . 0007 4- 2700 4- 32 + . 00.52 217 + 2(i 41 WW. (i(i .10 3 — 11.(i(-4l . 0054 4- 3027 4- 40 + .0174 248 + (i 411 12.87 .00 24 — 1l.(iO',7 . 0022 4- 3,505 + 58 + . 0330 240 + IS 48 .52.01 .10 3 — 11.52lHi . 00.52 + 3300 4- 49 .0177 2r)0 + •• 51 10. (>2 .10 10 — 11. 1035 . 0030 4- 3077 4- 5,1 4- .0081 '251 -1- 42 48 08.07 .2(5 1 — 10.2001 . 0003 4- 2(520 4- 24 + .01,50 252 + 78 10 40. 77 .07 18 — lO.K-24 .0024 — 2731 + 280 .0011) 25;t + 42 55 4;i. CO .34 1 — I0.(i«15 . 0000 4- 2530 4- 25 .0107 254 -1- •-'7 14 27. 75 .15 4 — 10.0.578 .0053 4- 3120 4- 30 . .01)15 255 y.j 15 50. 04 .i;> — 10.5034 .0040 4- 4129 4- 82 — . 0305 •25(5 + 55 00 13.04 .22 — 10.3n0(! . on,*9 4- 1772 + 21 _ . 11()2 257 — I!> 27 41. :m .08 1(1 — 10.2034 . 0032 + 441:; + 75 . M->0 258 + '•;< 15 40. 12 . .'■* ::;.;) Ml .010 4- 1001 + 21 .031 25it + T'- 51! 58. 00 "11 ■■■'h' — 0. 7203 .0030 + 1408 4- 22 . 3408 2(10 + 45 15 48.77 .10 3 — 0. 02.58 . 0051 + 2443 4- 22 — . 0330 9(51 4 08 08 22. 03 .10 3 — 0.,50'.2 (1005 + 204 4- ,52 4- . 0090 •2()2 + 58 15 50. 87 . 35 1 — 0. .i827 . I>.'3 4- 1512 + 23 + OKI 2(i:i — ;t 22 14. 08 .117 17 — 0..-,740 . 0,132 4- 4075 + .5() . 1434 2(i4 + :s. 07 20. 87 . 23 2 — 0. 3.570 .0113 + 3I0() 4- 37 00:!1 •2(i5 + 40 00 31.00 .49 — 8.8110 014 4- 20'.)y 4- 22 4- 005 2(i(> -f 4(! :!(! 42. 70 .10 — 8. 7700 . 0037 4- 2301 4- 20 + 0220 2('>7 + l'.» 2(i 53. 32 .13 — fi. 7002 . (M)43 + 3502 4- 34 4- 0.530 21)8 + ;ii 10 .50. 72 . 20 *> — H. 50'.'-< . 0005 4- 3110 4- 2(i 4- 1010 2(iy + :i2 ;t7 33. 02 . 22 •■i — 8.0.121 . 007(i + 3072 4- 20 + OO.i-2 •270 + 55 2binchi . 42 Hcrculis a TiiaD)<;uU Aust. f Hcrculis ri Hcrculis. 46 Hcrculis 53 Hcrculis. K Opiiiuclil e Hcrculis 59 Hcrculis e UmiD Miuoris . ri Scorpii i Dracouis .. . ..' Hcrc,:!!s ff Hcrculis 69 Hcrculis. 14 Opbiucbi . fi' Hcrculis.. 77 Hcrculis. I) Driiconis . a Opbiucbi . 311 C0n() (J Dracnnis 312 I 6021 313 314 "315 0033 0036 6047 ft Herculls. 87 Hcrculis.. i/.i Urnconis 1 3 5 4 6.5 4.5 6 4 3.5 6 5 2 3 3 7 6 5 G 4 3 5 4 ti 3.5 3 3. 5 3. 5 4.5 5.5 6 2.5 2 6 4 4 6 7 4.5 ag=. o ■« .. h. m. 8. 15 21 44. 7 22 18.2 24 32.3 24 30.6 i-O 40.2 28 14.3 28 37. 30 04.5 30 10.6 32 32. 4 16 35 21. 4 35 2(i. 9 3(i 34. 5 38 30. 7 40 06.7 42 55. 7 43 19.8 44 17.8 48 13.0 50 43.9 51 4.5. 1 55 30. 5 .50 59. 3 .58 ,50.9 17 01 31.0 03 12. 1 05 23. 9 08 25. 7 08 50. 9 10 41.0 13 21.0 13 37. 8 17 37.0 18 44.2 19 22. 2 23 25. 4 24 12.5 27 3r.5 29 08. 30 ,50. 37 41. 1 41 34.0 43 4.-I.0 43 40.7 44 09.9 ".a H a a o c;: + 3.(i68 + 0.805 + 1.9*)8 + 3.024 + 1.044 — 0. 141 + 2.;t32 + 1.932 + 3.298 + 1.741 + 1.625 + 0.287 + 2.203 + 2. Or,5 + 2. 385 + 1.134 + 1.914 + 1.237 + 2.20!> + 1.721 + 2. 835 + 2.293 + 2.209 — 0. 370 + 1.594 4. iSG 1. 151 0. 102 2. 733 2.087 + ^- 2.03li + l.,527 + 1.908 + 3. 0.57 + 2.070 + 1.580 + 0.895 + 1.351 + 2.782 + 1.815 — 0. 355 + 2. 345 -f 2.430 -f 1.013 — 1.0B2 + 15 + 18 + 4 + + + + + + 41 3 4 9 + c + 91 + 3 + 4 + 3 + 10 + 4 + 10 + :t + & + 4 + 3 + 3 + 307 + « + 17 + 8 + 19 + :t + 3 + + + + + + + + + + + II + 1 + 3 + ;t + 2 Arf — .18 + .06 —1.35 — .07 + .75 .00 + .65 — .05 —1. 65 + .93 + .ar — .09 — .14 —1.44 + .20 — .21 — .23 + .09 .00 —1.38 — .21 — .34 —1. 49 + .02 — .01 — .25 + .90 — .02 + .13 — . 00 — .08 — .56 — .29 — . 55 — .10 ! -.30i + .50 + .05 — .22 -t- .:i7 + .40 — .40 — .13 + .19 + .08 A/z' — .67 — .54 —3.74 —1.42 +1. 2H — .41 — .47 + .40 —2. 58 +1. 10 — .41 —1.03 — .10 —2. 03 +1.11 —1.85 — .00 + .84 —1.00 -4. 12 — .80 —2. 15 —2. 89 — ..59 +2. 89 + ..57 +3. 90 + .28 — .26 — .87 —3. 09 —4. 18 + .93 —1. 11 -l.l»!J + .01 + 1.!K> — .00 —1.11 .00 I + 1.97 — 1. 19 —1.17 + 1.30 — .41 [199] CATALOGUE OF 500 STARS. for tlie epoch 1875.0— Continued. 605 u o k g A - si Declination. 1875.0. to 1% 'Co (iM (P,i •s e e -6 a 3 1 li a -w 8 . 0503 28ii + :u 49 49.47 .08 15 — 0.73-7 . 0032 + 3008 + 20 + .4010 >4M + 39 09 39.91 .10 9 — 7.0033 . 0030 + 2844 + 19 .09(}3 *28o + 28 35 15. 28 .30 1 — 0.8077 . 0087 + 3302 + 22 + . 0421 2SC + ">7 00 20.98 .10 4 — 0.,5072 . 0103 + 1590 + 17 + . 0505 *2.-i7 + J2 27 45.00 .29 1 — 0.0194 .0104 + 2(i08 + 10 . 0350 '■28a + .'•m 37 54. (il .29 1 — li. 5200 . 0122 + 1751 + 17 — . 021 (i '28!) + 31 ,54 :;5.3( .19 2 — ().2(I02 . 0050 + 3159 + ■ 9 — . 0220 2iK) + 40 44 31.22 .34 1 — 0.0105 . 0131 + 2428 + 14 — .0412 2>n + n 34 15. 45 .07 19 — 5. 8897 . 0032 + 3947 + 27 _ . 0050 Ot^J + :U 00 42.18 .10 9 — 5. 547(i . 0042 + 3230 + 17 + .0215 ~>'Xt + 33 45 01.75 .15 4 - .5.4424 . 110,58 + 3120 + 1(> + .0021 2!)l + 82 14 22.49 .07 18 — ,5. 2900 . Il'''.i8 — 892(1 + 552 . 0029 21):. + 48 .58 37. 19 .,30 1 — .5.1.53S .0113 + 22.-5 + 13 — .0911 29r. — 43 04 17.25 .29 1 — 5.1930 .0109 + 0(1-3 + 03 _ . 27 13 297 + .V) 55 38.90 ,48 ...... — 4.(i9:i7 . 014 + 10.52 -y 14 + . 039 •298 + 05 ,52 0(i, 91) .11 — 4.4578 .11039 + 251 -t- 27 + . 0108 299 + It 32 03.70 .a(i 23 — 4.4IU9 . 0022 + 3905 + 19 + . 0204 SOU + 30 ,57 03.05 .11 7 - 4.29,)9 . 00,50 + 29.87 + 12 .0147 301 + :!7 25 24.02 .18 3 — 4.0009 . 0049 + 2920 + 11 + . 0401 •;i(i2 + 49 49 33.75 .30 1 — 4.01.57 .0123 + 2190 + 10 + .0112 lio;! + 40 05 ,54.51 . 20 1 — 3.75(il .0100 + 2840 + 10 .0097 :m — 24 03 29.05 .13 — 3. 7222 .0000 + 5200 + 27 .1311 30o + :!7 15 43. 15 .11 7 — 3. ,54.58 . 0042 + 29.-5 + 10 — . 0092 •liOO + 48 21 ,50.08 .18 3 — 3,2029 . 0058 + 2299 + 9 _ .01.59 ;)U7 + M 45 21. .50 .25 1 — 3. 0992 .0110 + 1303 + 12 + .0199 ;i(if + ,-:2 23 40. 57 .07 17 — 2.82,-.5 . 0025 ■f 19.59 + 8 .00(10 ;i(i9 + I'-i 39 (.9.44 .00 24 — 2.9-'99 . 0022 + 41114 + 12 — .2371 ;no + 43 H- 08 31 58.07 — 1. 9728 + 2050 — 499 + + (', + + . 050 311 48 55.74 .11 7 — 1.02.58 .0041 14 . 3237 ;u2 + ^7 47 42. 17 .07 20 — 2.3701 .01)31 + 33811 + 8 . 7589 ;!i:! + 25 39 .50. 97 .18 3 — 1.4703 . (!057 + 3.538 + f-j .0497 :ii4 + 47 39 22.19 .41 1 — 1.40.53 .014 + 23.58 + 5 + .013 •315 + 72 12 34.25 ,11 7 — I.a570 .0040 — 1,Vk) + 30 . 2731 11 ih 'll I m 60G l!NITi:i> STATliS NOKTHEKN BOUNDAUY COMMISSION. [liOOJ Catalogue of 500 s/ •3--'0 3J8 •sin •;<:!2 ;i:i4 ';i3o n;i(i :!:i7 ";!;i8 :t:ii» 340 (i073 11(17'.) (;ii8-j tiOOl fill4 (ill,-) (i 1.^.0 ciri- (il(>8 (3iO(i OJKi ()-,'81 (i'i'.i!> r.'.w) 6.>4.-> fi-.'(i8 (WHO (iSOi (i;!18 (1325 ()3.")r. (i3(i5 (WOO 0:187 341 '■ 0307 •342 : 0421 343 ! (1429 344 j 0440 34.-. 0403 340 *347 348 31!) 3.-)0 3;>i *:!r)2 •3.-i3 3.->4 X,:, 3.-fi 3:w •3,-.8 3.7J 300 0478 0470 0487 04111 0520 0.Y28 o.-\;.3 (kWO (iri84 0585 6012 OliUt 01124 0050 0040 Xiiiiio. 88 89 (I r IllTl-lllis.. IleriMilis.. Diaioiiis . llcrinlis . DrucoiiiH . 35 Driiconis . }' S.inittniii o Hticnlis.. 102 Ilorciilis . 40 Draeonis , Ursiu Mini ScrpoiitiH Ocluiitis.. ft I.yrm 39 Draeonis . X Uracciuis . I Aqiiilu). II Lyra) .. f' Lvra) .. . 110 Hercnlis. Ill Hcrciilis ,3 Lyra) Saj^itlarii Uracunis . .'lO Uraconis . Afinila) . Lyra) .. Aquila). Aqnilic . . . LyriD Ura(M>nis . Sasiltarii Aqiiilu).. d Draeonis K CyKHi... Draeoniu Aqiiilu) .. a 3. 5 4 4 4 .'). 5 3.5 3 4 5..') 5 4.5 a t^ 3 3 3 5 3 4 4.5 3.5 "a a a o 17 40 47. 1 .'0 22.7 51 22. 1 51 .57 9 55 42. 4 (J 03 ;, . , . 00 17.2 18 09 2 ^ 4 12 30.0 12 39.3 14 50.5 15 28.5 17 17.0 20 00. 8 22 01.9 23 18.0 25 5,-' -i 28 24.3 32 42. I 35 5H. 1 40 1 1. 9 •10 17.0 II 30. 1 44 10.0 45 27.9 47 30. 8 49 21.4 .'.0 23. 51 29.3 53 .57. .54 10.0 .59 30.9 18 r9 39.8 19 02 42. 09 17.7 10 19.2 10 19.9 a 31.3 14 12.- 14 47. 4 17 50.7 19 11,7 + + + + + + + + + 1.507 2, 420 1.030 2. 0,53 1. 394 2. 090 3. 8,52 2. 33H 2. 500 3. .584 — 4. 470 + 1.002 — 19.420 4- 3. 100 +109. 0,5p + 2. 045 + 1.974 + 0. 874 — 1.075 _ + 0. 820 + 3. 272 + 2.o:il + 2. 030 + 1.9-0 + 2.,5fi2 4- 4- + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 2. (149 i.r>4; 2.214 3. 723 0.887 1, 901 l.,5H) 2. 721 2. 2 12 3. 184 2.200 0. 238 3. 514 2. 909 0. 033 1.388 2.0(15 1.108 3. 024 + + + ■+ + + + + + + 1 — 20 + 1 — 3,85 + -' —11035 + 2 + -J + + + + + + + + Ail I 17 1 23 3 1 58 2 — .05 — .20 + 1.05 — .47 + .04 + .24 + .07 + .43 — .41 — .38 + .411 + .17 + .12 + .08 + . 55 — .05 — .18 — . 15 + .38 + . 05 00 — .12 — .70 + .08 + .03 + .35 — ..53 — .03 00 +1. H + 1.45 — .05 — .50 — .1(1 — .0- — . 12 + .21 —3.50 — .73 + .25 — . 14 — .01 ,70 ,11 + A/i' u I — 1,39 i — .90 i +1.02 I —1.83 1 + .28 : + . 84 i + . 15 I — .Hi -1.09 I — .18 ^ +3, 24 + 1.50 + .00 ^ -21 — ! 70 + 1.70 — 1.22 + .22 —1.50 +1.01 • — .82 —1.10 — .48 — .04 + .05 —1.29 ' +2. 08 —2.51 ! + .28 I — .02 +1.C5 +1..54 + .74 — 1.3H —1.03 — .42 + _.C.O — K78 + .74 + .40 + . 00 + 1.0(1 + .03 I, [201] CATALOGUE OP 600 STAKS. for the epoch 1875.0 — Continued. 607 s s . gcfl d -p ,0 u Declination. 1875.0. xs. IS 3 = § . a a a 1^ '5 a •2 -2^ 2 o'c c g •/^ 0. 1* ^ 25 43. 42 .22 a — 1. 1,526 . 0063 + 2287 + 4 + 0031 M17 + •.'« 01 10. .59 .14 5 — 0.8413 . 0065 + 3528 + 3 + 0004 :il8 + 56 .^3 34.27 .16 4 — 0. ti840 . 0048 + 1.530 + 4 + 07 12 ;ii'j + 37 l(i 05. 73 .23 2 — 0. 6902 . 0060 + 2992 + 3 + 0127 ;!-jo + 51 30 15. 44 .07 20 — 0. 5808 .0023 + 2037 + 4 0302 *;wi + 76 58 40. 25 .18 3 0. 1001 .0052 — 3913 + 14 + 2431 \ni — 30 a5 23. 53 .18 3 — 0.4128 . 008(i ^- 5612 2185 ;w:! + yrt 44 47. .53 .21 2 + 0. 2247 . 0064 + 3408 0086 *:wi + -JO 47 45. Oti .25 1 + 0.2617 . 0076 + 3738 1 0369 ;!-r> — yi 05 21.58 .08 14 + 0. 5383 . 0036 + 5216 — 7 — 0118 •;!*; + 70 58 .54.77 .21 2 + 0. 9 108 . 0062 — 648(i _ 44 -+- 1104 :W7 + 5(i 3-J 47. 26 . 54 + 1. 1722 .OK-i + lri5() + 079 ;w.s + , 8 + 2724 •lilW + 38 15 07. 25 .25 I + 3. 1376 . 0094 + 2912 7 + 0032 :i;i9 + 30 WX 24. 110 .12 6 + 3. .5,520 . 0039 + 28:i(i 8 + 0.526 :!40 + SO 25 41. 18 .18 3 + 3. 1592 . 00.-)4 + 3692 - 13 3475 :i4i + 18 02 37.70 .21 .j + 3.7118 .0060 + 3791 15 + 1001 •:t4a + 40 17 39. 20 .30 1 + 3. 8772 . 0109 + 2198 t! + 0278 343 + 33 13 07.21 .06 22 + 3. 93r.2 .0025 + 31.5(1 11 0171 344 -!.'6 26 50. 03 .12 7 + 4. (1.506 ,0(149 + 5296 . 42 — _ 0772 345 + 50 14 00. 28 .12 7 + 4.2904 . (I(I3(> + 1257 — 9 •4- 0138 34(i + 7.^ 17 07. 07 .12 (> + 4. 4487 . 0059 — 2730 _ 86 + 0745 •347 + 48 42 14.32 .56 + 4.3480 .0131 + 221(; 8 1 196 34d + 14 54 00. 10 .13 '1 + 4.. 5926 . 0045 + 38;il 21 084(1 34!) + :\-l 31 09. 33 .11 / + 4.69(15 .0041 + 31,57 '..t 0138 3r>0 — ;» 01 05. 79 .10 + 5.0622 .0041 + 4462 — 34 — 0957 351 + 13 40 4,5.01 .07 *^o + 5. 0587 . 0030 + 385() 23 1033 •3,V2 + 3-J 18 21.38 .23 *J + 5.4;!llO . 0004 + 3170 16 + (1178 •353 + 65 40 10. 12 .19 ■J + 5.91141 . 0072 + 303 21 + 0226 354 — 19 10 21.10 .12 G + 6. 0:197 . (1045 + 4-.-M ,52 0174 355 + I 36 •w . / r .41 1 + 6.0443 .('079 + 4102 — 33 — 0138 356 + (•>? 26 30. 05 .08 \y\ + 6. 32,50 . 0025 + 45 „ 32 + 0.8.54 357 -- 53 08 1-. 45 .11 H + 0. mil . 0035 + 1901 12 + 1100 •358 -- 40 07 51., 59 + (!. 4379 + 2742 17 + 000 35» -- 73 07 22. 06 '".'u . . . ..^. + (i.;984 .0(J5i" — 1,589 82 + 1086 360 + a 52 01.79 .07 19 + ti. 8691 .0028 + 4142 39 + 0703 I' 608 B a am •;5(i;i 305 300 3(>7 •308 309 •370 371 372 •373 371 375 •370 •377 37H 379 380 381 •3«'> 3-3 381 •385 •380 3^-7 388 38'.) 300 •391 30t' 393 394 •305 300 307 •398 399 400 401 40J •403 404 405 UNITED STATES NOKTHERN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. [202J n oor>7 oooi ()(i81 0(190 0097 0008 0713 C7-.'8 0734 6748 0758 (i772 0780 0779 08Ud 0817 0830 0830 0-'33 0909 0850 i:805 4 7()-.>'2 7031 70(>1 7073 7088 7098 7100 7I-J4 7121 7140 7119 71(iO 7171 7173 Naniv. 5 Viilpeciila). fJ CjKiii. 4- CyBui- 8 CyRiii . . K AquiliD. C.VKiii . 10 VllllH'CUllD. y Aqtiilm.. .. (1 C.VKiii .- (I Aqailns.. e Drftci):iis /? Aqiiiliii X lIi'BiuMliioris . V' Cygni. 15 Viiliii'cnlro. T AquiliL'.. .. S'^ Cygni 08 Piacnnis .. o- Cygni o- Ca|ii'lcorni. K Cc|ilK'i a I'avonis ... 71 Draconis .. y fygni !r Ca)>i'ic(iriii 40 Cv;;ni , 42 fygiii e Dclpliini fl Ct'liliel .. {i Delpliiiii 29 VnlpoculiG. n IX'lpliiui .. Cygni... Uuipliiai Catalogue of 500 stars 0. 5 0.5 3 3.5 1.5 3. 5 5.5 () G 4 3 4.5 2 0.5 5. 5 4 15 £» 3.5 1 4 19 20 15. 4 20 4,5.9 23 31.2 25 40.8 20 33. 3 27 08.3 30 10.0 32 33.9 33 05. 4 35 52. 7 38 31.1 40 10.0 40 48.0 41 04.1 44 41.1 40 20. 4" 20. 2 4-i 3,-). 1 49 10.4 49 17.8 .52 23.9 ,53 19.9 ,55 ,57.2 5^' 02. 20 04 47. 2 00 31.0 09 41.8 11 07.0 13 03.7 15 44.7 17 31.3 17 44.5 20 09.9 22 5(i.4 24 34. 4 27 14.4 27 28.8 28 31 ! 3 30 31.0 31 41.2 32 ,50. 3 33 ,50,0 35 40.3 37 10.3 37 37. 4 a J > a c < + 2.480 + 2. 010 + 1.000 + 2.417 4- 1.514 + 2.234 + 3.230 + 1.910 4- 1.000 + 1.3,50 + 2. 493 4- 2.8,52 + 1. 178 + 1.870 + 2.928 + 2.0(i2 + 1.703 — 0. 173 + 2. 047 —00. 017 + 1..5,54 + 1.039 + 2. 40-* + 2.933 + 2. 220 + 0.002 + 1.8^0 + 3.331 — 1.800 + 4.787 + 1.014 + 2. 1.52 + 3.441 + 2.221 + 2.287 + 2.800 + l.OIO -j- 2.080 — 0.210 + 2.811 + 2.070 + 2.789 4- l.,500 + 2.044 + 2.800 7ft' + + + — 4 + 1 — 1 — 2 + 1 — 44 — 1 —20710 + + + + + 14 8 I 1()5 ,59 14 II 1 15 + — 07 Ad — .33 + .03 — .07 + .00 -i- .08 — .10 —1.92 + .02 — .08 + .17 — .13 — .08 — .48 — .10 + .14 — .10 — ..50 +1.40 — .34 + .,57 + + .20 .40 .01 — 1.3:i —1. 14 + .51 — .17 — .23 + 1.28 — . 33 + .30 - . l(i —1. 25 — .ti7 — .13 + .43 . 20 .00 .33 . 23 .44 .05 .17 . 25 .33 V —1.05 —2. 01 + .75 — .04 + .55 —1.33 —2. 12 +1.70 +1. 15 + 1.90 —1. 45 — . 34 — . .57 —1. 12 + .31 + .05 — .08 +3.11 — .89 +1.10 +3. 19 +1.,50 —5. 04 —1.14 —2. 53 +2. 09 + .17 + .03 +2. 93 —4.02 + .01 —1. 89 +1.27 -2.41 +1. 04 .19 .29 .00 .24 1.41 — .88 — .18 + .07 — .04 —1.81 f# r [203] CATALOGUE OV 500 STARS, 609 for the epoch 1875.0 — Continued. ria- .0. a ,0 1 s a Deoliuation, 1875.0. i n 17 H p. 2 a ^ D ^ \ 3g.i S hi d-d rfl-' !zi o + 24 Ot < Oh C 361 41 17.62 .21 3 + 0.2280 . 00.57 + 334H — 22 . 0515 :i(i2 + ia 51 03, 13 , 25 1 + 6.8874 . 0(HU + :i.5,'-h5 — 27 — .0311 •;«>:i + 57 40 32.43 .40 1 + 7.1371 .0103 + 1455 - 15 — .01(15 3(i4 H- 27 41 54.00 .09 11 + 7.3004 . 0038 + 3247 — 21 — . 0144 3(i5 + 51 27 51. 12 .12 7 + 7.5105 . 0033 + 2024 — 14 + . 1245 300 + 34 11 17.40 .17 3 + 7. .381 . 00()8 + 3001 — 21 . . 0043 307 IH 13. 08 .10 + 7.(W80 . 0044 + 4317 — f.2 + . 0008 •3(irt + 43 25 38. -, 3 + 7.!KI-.'3 + 2.52() — 17 + . 021 :iO'j + 41) 55 !)(■>. 07 ".'ii 8 + 8. 17(10 '".'(Vii'm' + 2122 — 10 -\- . 2175 '370 + ,'>4 40 52. 85 .35 1 + 8. 3070 .017 + 1783 - 15 + . 100 371 + 2.-. 23 20. 27 .10 2 + 8.3041 . 00.57 + 3209 - 2.., + . 00(i5 :n-> + 10 18 30.31 . 00 25 + 8. 4020 . 0021 + 3732 - 41 . 0081 •373 + ,^7 43 08. 02 .28 1 + 8. 477(i .0 00 + 1515 — 17 _ .0017 374 + 44 4i) 35. 0(> . 12 (■> + 8. 50(W . 0014 + 2141 — 18 + .(1308 375 + B 32 22.-5 .00 27 + 0.2151 . 0020 + 3811 — 40 + . 3701 •370 + 40 10 .50. i)2 .41 1 + 8. 0377 . 0132 + 2(!47 — 21 . 0305 •377 + 47 30 34. '.)5 .21 2 + 0.1100 . 0005 + 225() — 18 — .Olf'8 378 + (11) .^(> 58. 38 .12 « + 0.1772 .0041 — 215 — .50 + .(1271 37'.) + + 50 31 02. 05 . .50 + 0. 5130 .015 + 2()0(i — 18 + . 020 i 3M3 + 27 24 32. 8!) .24 ._» + 0.7185 . 0(l(i7 + 3110 — 33 . (1004 3f4 + 55 35. 57 .15 4 + 0.8854 . 0004 + 3081 — 51 + .007(> •3^5 + 3(! 28 21.23 . y2 2 + 10.3033 .0007 + 2733 — 28 + . 0057 •3Sfi + ei 42 01.00 .20 1 + 10.8185 . 007(i + 1100 — 24 + . 0779 3K7 + 40 21 40. 84 .12 7 + 10.7551 . 0042 + 2270 *»«i + . 0027 3^,•^ — 12 55 .50. 43 .07 10 + 10.8.577 . 0025 + 4(130 - 77 + . 00(13 3HU + 77 20 02. 43 .10 + 11.0281 . 0038 — 2300 — 220 + . 028.! 300 — .'■)7 07 ,50. 13 .24 2 + 11.10,55 .0100 + .5741 — 212 . O'.KW •,T.I1 + fil 51 30. 15 .37 1 + 11.3101 . 0004 + 11(50 — 24 + .0251 :VJ2 + 3!) 51 2(i. 82 .00 12 + 11.3333 . 002(i + 2530 — 28 . (HI(iO 3;t3 — H •17 11.05 .11 7 + 11.4071 .(1011 + 4000 — 80 — .0173 3!)4 + 38 01 50. 23 .11 3 + 11.(m83 . 0070 + 2,'.7(i — 30 — .0541 '3i)r, + 3(i 02 18. 10 .10 .J + 11.8105 . 0072 + 2012 — 32 — .01180 390 + 10 52 47.17 .0-1 15 + 11.0030 . 0021 + 3201 — 5(; .0210 3it7 + 02 31 27. 40 .12 (i -1- 12.0075 . oo:i8 + 1138 — 25 — .0251 •3>.trt + 42 40 (10. 02 + 12. 1784 + 2371 — 28 + .073 31K) + 72 00 2f^. 00 '.'if. 4 + 12.22.-|5 ".'(IO(UI — 290 — 77 .ih'.m; 4U0 H- M Oi) 41.(17 *»._> w + 12.2700 .OlKil + 3187 — ,% — .0.541 401 + 20 4;. 48. 44 .27 1 + 12.3025 . 0078 -f 3015 — 40 „ .0188 4llvi + 15 28 20. 30 .10 8 + 12.4-118 . 0042 + 3138 — 54 + .01)82 •403 + 55 + 41 33 ,52. 7 1 + 12.5i;,0 + 12.0010 + 1711 + 2253 •JO .000 4(M .'.() 03. 07 .(Hi "21' . 0020 — 2"^ — . 1)0-1 40,') + 14 37 37.87 .22 y + 12.(i075 . (1000 + 3008 — 54 .0031 : GIO UNiTi:i) STATICS NOIiTHKlJN HOUNDAUY COMMISSION. [i;n4j Catalogue of ">()(» slats J s 9 S5 4(l(> 407 ■108 ♦.Id!) 41(1 411 •41i 4i:i •414 415 41(i *417 •418 419 •420 4*21 42-2 *42:i 424 •425 42(i •427 •428 42y •4;io 4:u 4:12 *4;):i *4:(4 4:15 4;«i 4:»7 4;!8 *4:ti) 44(1 441 •442 •44:1 444 •445 «44fi 447 •448 •44'J 4.-0 Name, I 7200 ! J- ndpliini I 4 7204 I e Cvulii I :i 72(Mi ! lit Delpliini I 5. 5 7215 I 5 7220';/ Ccpliei i 3.5 72:!9 ; /i A(|iiiiiii 7277 V CvKiii 72Sm 1 ;;t2o j 73:13 ! <- Cjsiii 7330 (il' CvKiii (Fcil.3(>89) 7345 I (i3 Cygiii 73(i8 I C Cygiii 7377 ! 7380 7385 7398 7399 7410 7521 ()554 7501 750(1 7571 74 ('.VKiii ■ ■ 7(i <;.vsm.. f IVgasi . 79 Cvgui . . K r.-g.iBi . 703(i 7(i."i4 1 79 Di'iU'oiim 7(!8t) I 10 Ci-plifi .. 7079 ' . 7(i8(< Ai|imrii 4.5 4 0.5 4 r. Kqniileii T Cvgni " tj«"i V Cygiii G L'cphoi 7418 [ 1 IVgnsi 7448 74.53 I 19 Cygiii 7484 7480 ; 71 Cygiii 7478 I ji A()iiarii .. 7493 ,f Cfiihei 7489 7.505 I 72 Cygni 7514 f Acinurii 7588 : 11 Crpliei 7,595 ,. Ci'i'.ioi 7(i05 12 Ci'pliei 7018 , /i ('apricui'iii. 7027 i 10 IVgiiHi 4.5 5 4.5 4.5 3 4 (i (i.5 3 3 t> 5. 5 5 2.5 . 9 20 40. 23 30.0 24 50. 2 24 .58.7 27 02. 4 27 1,5.5 29 40.3 31 05. 8 31 50.4 30 32.7 38 02. 8 3-* 1,5.4 38 r>9. 1 4(1 05. 1 41 ,50. »> 43 44. 40 28. 7 47 22. 5 48 54. 4 51 18.7 .57 27.5 .57 3(;. (i .'i9 21.- = .2 a ^ «. + 2.783 + 2.420 + 2.975 + 1.489 + 1.230 + 3.240 + 2.234 — 2. 504 + 2. 323 + 2. 180 + 2.088 + 1.402 + 2.004 + 2. .550 + 1..530 + 3.001 + 2. 391 + 2.3.-)3 + 2.403 + 1.437 + 2.774 4- 2.000 + 2. 145 — 4.002 + 2.209 + 3. 1()4 + 0.799 + 2. 017 + 2. 440 + 3. 198 + 2. 400 + 2.40,r + 2.948 + 2. 173 + 2.711 + 0.!!(),1 + 1.730 4 I.7ti0 + 3.279 + 2.727 + 2.014 + 0.731) + (I. ^^2 + 2.4,58 -i- 3.(Ih:1 + 3 3 — 4 — 14 — 8 + 4 — 3il9 + 4 + 4 + + — 3 + 4 + 5 + 5 + 2 + 5 + — 37 + 10 — 4 All — .30 + 1. 32 — .02 + .(Hi + .02 — 1..-.(> + .(t9 + .22 — .39 — .10 . 53 .29 .15 . 77 . 09 + .07 — ..52 + .00 — .07 + .40 + .02 —1.24 + .28 + .1^ + .04 + .01 + .30 +1.57 — . 39 — .92 — .51 — .18 — . 13 —1.07 — .03 + .43 + .09 + .,52 — 1.03 — .21 + .04 + .09 +\'.h — .01 -1.40 —2. 09 — .84 + 1.39 + 1.29 —2. 33 + ." + 1.35 — .93 — .93 — .54 +2. 10 -2. 44 —1.13 + .82 — .02 —2. 08 ,13 .88 .58 +2. — 3 + + — .45 + 1.23 +0. 10 — .00 —1.83 —1.02 —3. 88 — ..".8 —3. ,50 —2, 87 + 1.05 + .b5 + 1.40 —3. 33 — ,51 +2, 17 +4.02 — .95 +;i.(:o + .01 T (205) t'ATALOlilTK OF 500 STARS. GU for the epoch 1875.(( — Coiitiiuiecl. ^ .S- p a g E 1^ 'E "^ g > u Uoclinnl ion, IH75.0. r S M : rf',1 (f'.l C a if, .a 'S it < III (/(• (W S. I a 400 c + V' / 40 a'.t. 7H .la 7 + ia.7:!7a .0044 -1- ;ioio — .55 .alio ■107 + :a ;!ii 10. 44 .00 10 + i;t.-27:i!t .(io;i5 -1- a(i7 1 — Ill + .iiodt ■11 IH + r- ;t;) 00. 5H .;i:i 1 + l-.'.l"'0-,> .0O'-5 + ;i-.'.5ii — (17 .00-4 M(il» • + -''T 07 54.11 .;io I + l'.'.HIil5 . 00r7 + 1.5rl — L'l .villi 41U + (il ai i;i. ;i!t .la 4 + i;i.H,-iiii . oo;!:i + Hint — '.'it + .^1.5!t 411 — it m (Ki. r>4 .10 10 + i;i.a;i!t-,> .00411 + :!)H4 — HI _ . (Mlili •11.! + 411 41 la.vio .la + i:t.(;'.'i5 .0010 + aiiiH — ;i4 , .OlKi 4i;i H- fd 04 .5*;. :!i .14 4 + i:!.7a-J7 .OOIH — •J7-«.t - :i7i .0:105 •414 + ;w 00 .'■lO.oit .a4 t> + 14.0041 .OOilV' + a:i54 — ;iH — .OlHKi 4i:> + 4;i x> 47. DO .14 •-' + i4.ao;!7 .11(111 + aiH4 — ;t;i — .00011 4l.i + :u» OH OH. 47 .07 17 + I7.4HHO . OO-.'H + 'JOOl — r»7 + : . aa7(i •417 + 47 45 :11.!I7 + M.a(ii7 + Il.::(i(iii 4- IIIKI + ao45 — a:i 015 •4IH OH 4H. 05 ".'a;V *J .11(157 — liii ; 01.54 41.1 4- at) 4a .54. aa .07 IH + I4.57u5 .OOHJ + a 177 — 411 .0117:1 •4au + «) a8 aa.7i .ait 1 4- 14.(>!l.'.0 . l.07it + 1451 — ail - . OOHM 4-.' I + 4 4:1 ,55. HI .14 4 + 14.(!7:t-j .11114s + aito;> — 7li .oH7a 4-.'-> + :i7 ;io 45. 4H .14 4 + i.-..ao7o .0044 -j- a.ioH — Hi + . 4;i:ia *fj;! + ;is 5-2 17. 47 .i:t 5 + I4.!t;iii .1101:! + yaaii — 41 .0017 4-.'4 + :!4 at! •j-j. •,i;i . an 1 + M.oaini .110(1(1 + •-';!; 10 — 45 _ .OlK-< *4-,'r) + (W o") •.>;t. 00 .07 ai + 1.5. 15:17 . oo-ja + i;t;!4 — ai + .OIIH 4-.'ii + 111 10 14. ;!7 .la 1) + 1.5. •joint .0040 + a.5ii;i ^\•2 + .0511 •4-J7 + r.l 07 11.7(i .an 1 + i.->.:ii(i4 .0101 + 1^1(1 — :jii .o:t:i7 »4i-i ■ u ;i(i 07 4i.a:i . a.5 1 + 1.5. ;i7.'iM . 00(17 + a.'ao — •(.*» — .oa4(i 4-!SI -r '^ll 4:i 44. a4 .;!(! 1 + 15..'i.5!l'.' .0111 — 4J1'1I — 1147 + .0017 •4;tu + ■'■• 5y a4. aii .10 :t + 1.5. 7ail4 .IHW + ISI.Mi — ;iii + . OilHI 4:!l — fi 07 la. 05 .mi a4 + i.5.(i-,-r. .OIf,'-l + a-ji! — oa , .01(15 4:w + 70 00 •Cl. HI .07 ai + 15.7 1(14 . ooaa + (155 - 117 -- . 0047 •4;i;i + r.-J 04 oil. r>!i + l,5.Hl;;il + 174(1 — lilt + .051 *4:i4 + :i" 5H a7. :i5 ".■it " 5 + 15.!l7(lit ".'0044' + aiKi — 40 + . 1IH44 4 5 — H a4 49. :!0 .10 . Tio + 111. 11075 . Oil) + aovM - 51 „. . o:ta 4411 + •,'-. 04 1(1. ;i7 .10 ;t -i- i(i.:i(i.'.7 . 0054 4- 'j'ji-j — oa _ .0107 441 + '!• 44 10.05 .la ,; + 1(1. .5-.>H:i . 01).5'.> + 70!t — :i.5 + . 00115 •44.J + m ;ta :iit. 77 .11 H + 1(1. .50.-0 .lllttl + 111.511 — ail .0115 •44:1 4- (ill ik; 41.. 04 .;io 1 + 1(1.(1117 . 0071t + i;:74 — -jii . 0010 414 — 14 OH ai.o;! .11 8 + Ki. 74117 .0040 + a.57ii - 107 — .oo-,>:t •445 + ■-'•'• 'JO i."..7a .OH Hi + K1.77(lit . 00 111 + aioj — (14 . oi-.n *4ir> + -..-, ;i7 a5. 5a .34 .> + Ki. Hcmi .n'Mii! + 151H — Ill + .0017 447 + 7:! o(; ;i;i.>.ii .la ti + 17.00(11 .00(11 4- .505 — 41 + .iciia •44r* + 7^ :!5 00. Ki .Ki 4 + 17.(17-11 . 0050 4- .5118 — :i5 . 1705 *44!» + 4'2 — I a 4a. 70 + 17.ait50 + 17 IH + a 1-5 — 4It + . ii:!;i ■IM 55 It 1. (lit ".'(Vi OS + 17. :!a.57 .ooao — i>a .OKill n k 612 UNITED STATES NORTHERN HOUNDAIIY COMMISSION. [200] Catalogue of 500 stars 451 '152 45;j 454 455 •45t; •457 45rt "459 4(i() •401 463 *4C:{ 4(J4 4«5 4(>G 407 4G8 •4()'J •470 7(i89 7(i!hJ "7(l(') 77;i;i 7749 7755 77(i5 777:1 7r«7 7795 7800 7814 7820 784:i 7848 7855 78ti8 7881 788-' 7907 471 7908 472 792:1 •47:! I 7945 474 7958 •4-5 ' 7U(i2 47(> 477 478 479 •480 7907 7970 7992 8023 8024 481 80:12 482 *48:i •484 •485 486 •487 488 •489 490 491 492 49:1 494 •495 80:14 80:16 8059 808:i 8124 8128 8177 82011 8224 8229 H2:i:i 82:18 82:17 827:i Nikini^ I' Pi'^insi a (ililiH ( IVKiiNi .... 28 lV(ja»i .... ,' Copbei ?. Copliei . Aiiuarii y Aquarii 2 Liiccrtic - Ai|!iaiii 4 LutlTtiD :18 IVjjiwi A' C'upbui r. LnccrtiB. ri Arjaiirii.. C Pi'gasi .. I) Pcjjasi . . ?. rcjjiiNi . . /i rcfjasi .. 14 Latuitiu. Ccplici Aquarii PJKcis AiiHtraliB . Aiuliniiiediu . ... Pcjjasi Pcfjasi AiHlroniediD .\udronie(liD n CV'pIlci 10 AiKliomedie Piscinm ... . 72 Pi'gasi ?. Andromt'ila) 1 Anironiodaj ( PlHciiiin y Ccpliei K AiidromcdiD 2 4 6 4 5. 5 5 4.5 6 3 6 4.5 4 4 5.5 t; 6 :i 3 4.5 4 6 4 4 1 4 C.5 2 a 5.5 6 6 5.5 6 '1.5 4 4.5 :i 4.5 .5 'in "-•5.= < h, m. «. 21 .V.I 22.5 22 00 20. 7 01 11.6 04 35.8 00 ;)1.2 07 16.3 08 :!0.9 10 14.2 13 48. 4 15 12.0 15 52. 18 rtX 6 19 27. 24 18.9 24 31.9 26 08. 6 28 50.0 :!0 04. 4 :iO 42. :i4 31.9 35 i:i.6 :i7 08.7 40 :«). 6 4:1 58. :i 44 4:1.7 45 14.0 46 05. 5 50 44. 3 50 10.4 56 14.0 57 43. 1 58 32. 1 58 :i4. 5 23 02 01. 9 07 10. S 13 30. 1 13 55. 7 21 :i7.<; 27 45. 1 :ii 27. 1 23 32 00. 6 :13 31.4 :i4 i:t.8 :14 15.4 41 ,56.6 X 1§ + :i.028 :i. 810 2.789 2. 8:12 2. 07:1 + 2.0:i6 + 2. .'•168 + :i.i70 + 2.310 4- 3. 102 •+ 8. 468 + :i.065 + 2.419 4- 2.7:i8 + 2. 215 + 2. 459 + :t.084 + 1.082 + 2. '179 + 1 .:ioi + -l -t a. 988 804 883 094 + 2. 119 + :1.131 + :i.:i27 + 2. 747 + 2. 519 + 2. 904 + 2.984 + 2.676 + 2. 708 + 2. 801 4- 2.4:18 + 2.842 + :i.041 + 2.903 + 2.917 + 2.923 + :i.085 4- 2. 405 4- 2.9:17 4- 2.823 i 452 45:1 4r>4 455 •45(1 •457 458 •459 460 •401 4G2 •4(>3 4(J4 465 466 467 46H •469 •470 471 473 •47;t 474 •475 470 477 478 479 •480 481 48i4 •483 •■184 •185 486 •■187 488 *4^9 490 491 492 49:t 494 •495 Declination, 1875.0. + 4 — 47 + 24 + 20 + 57 + 58 + ao — H + 52 — 2 + 45 + + 48 + 31 + 57 26 54.27 :i;l 54.17 06. 85 51.76 44 lib 07.92 47 05 24 01 00 54 44 50 .50 46 53. 44 43. 24 17.80 49.94 59.24 26. 93 37. ()4 34. 36 00. 28 33. 16 + 49 38 2,5.05 — 00 45 40.21 + 75 34 50. 49 + 49 25 26. 62 + 74 43 19. 24 + 10 10 45.77 + 29 34 04. 43 + 22 .54 29.73 + 23 r>0 31.11 + 41 17 31. 12 + 05 32 35. 59 — 8 14 39.10 — 30 17 03. 08 + 41 39 15.78 + 56 26 02.61 + 27 24 18.34 + 14 31 59.01 + 49 22 22.11 + 48 3(i 54.62 + 50 28 41.71 + 67 25 40.20 + 41 23 38.04 + 5 41 33.03 + 30 38 07.60 + 45 46 51.87 + 42 34 31.20 + 4 .5ti ,56.19 + 70 56 01. 87 + 43 38 :M. 17 + 67 06 44. 10 •§"0 .24 .22 .13 . 25 .10 .25 .20 .08 J3 2 2 6 1 9 1 2 15 .09 12 .20 1 .12 6 .80 1 .18 3 .15 4 .11 8 .07 17 .16 4 .33 1 .07 18 .11 7 .12 6 .12 6 .30 1 .10 9 .09 11 .12 7 .12 6 .33 1 .12 7 .06 84 .18 3 . 25 1 .22 2 .12 6 .80 1 .12 6 .25 1 . 19 3 .13 6 .07 19 .07 21 .85 2 .16 4 a . a a o 2 + 17.4299 + 17.2104 + 17.42.53 + 17.53!>2 + 17.0493 + 17.04,58 + 17.7108 + 17,7731 + 17.9.577 + 18.0006 + 18.0002 + l". 1296 + 1 .1255 + 18.3128 + 1H,3424 + 18.40,>5 + 18.4345 + 1H..5212 + lH..5(i90 + 18,7108 + 18.08.52 + 18.7101 + 18.83,52 + 18,9105 + 18.9721 + 1.-^. 8035 + 19.0.51)1 + IH. 1)740 + 19.2431 + 19.2038 + 19.4400 + 19.2872 + 19.4H80 + 19. .5354 + 19.7947 + 19.0001 + 11I.(m09 + 19.7175 + 19.8347 + 19.4089 + 19. >*999 -)- 19.4773 + 20.0711 + 19.9077 + 19.9722 5g B ■= 2 £ o'C .0070 . 0094 .0013 . 0(.70 , 0032 . 0072 .0(1,59 . 0035 . 003(; .0071 , 00 10 , 0059 , (l(Xi9 .0040 , (1035 .II03() .0061 .0111 . 0031 .0012 .0040 . 00 13 . 007(i . 0031 . 0037 . oo:>7 . 0043 .0134 . 0038 , 0022 . 0053 . 0002 .0076 . 0044 . (1007 . 0039 . 0000 . 0047 . 0050 . 0029 . 00 i2 . 0000 .0051 (if (Pi] + 81.50 + 2703 + 19.55 + 1916 + 1361 + 1330 + 1072 + 2(159 + 1120 + 1925 + 1501 + IKU + 1423 + 1,542 + 1229 + 13,57 + io(;3 + 523 + 1294 + .592 + 1197 + 1300 + 1347 + 1294 + 1185 H- 903 + 1364 + 1371 + 1019 + 926 + 1001 + 1071 + 0.59 + 909 + 919 + 636 + 742 + 6,52 + 5-."» + 440 + i.n + 437 — + 304 + 395 + 238 I - — 87 — 169 — 69 — 73 — 34 — 33 — ,5(i — 102 — 43 — 96 — 51 o u a + , 0898 — . 0282 + . 00.59 — . 0259 + . 0037 + + .0310 .0112 . 0248 .(»18 .0128 — .0192 — 93 . 00.16 — 48 -- . 0294 — 09 — .0189 — 39 + . 0031 — 51 + . 0005 — 90 .(1.572 — 31 — .0089 — 52 + .018 — 2(i + .041 89 _ .0127 — 74 — . 0478 — 80 — . 0248 — 81 — . 0.503 — 66 — . 0102 35 . 1330 — 103 + . 0357 — 123 .1708 — 70 — .0381 — 55 — . 0191 83 _ . 1283 — 90 — .0501 — 60 + . 1503 — 68 + .1181 — 79 + .2689 51 + . 0172 — 78 + . 00U5 — 9(i . 0.503 — 89 — .0213 — 85 — . 4300 80 _ .00.50 — 102 — 4132 — 49 + .1135 — 87 . 0201 — 78 — .0198 ■m i •xW 614 UNITED 8TATK8 NOUTFIKRN BOUNDAIfV COMMISSION. fJOS] Cutnlogiw of 5(K» nturn 3 a l? = k. a •a ■=H' n - > a J «| NuniK. a u^ 2" *« 9 lit' .ill ■'/'' 3 a < Si ft •' a /i. III. «, H, ft. a // •IDH Ktl4 ii 2:1 IH .1(1. ;i + 'J. HiJO + HH — .','.') — .70 'V.rt «W4 V' I'l'Kiwi 5. :> .11 «i.,''. 4- ;i.(i47 -1- Ut — ,()(i — . Ill ■1118 HlCtl u I'incimii ■\.:< M .'■ill. li + ;i.07H + :, — .'^7 — l.'.'li *I1H> HIUI it .V> I'l.O + :i.oai + iVJ + .:17 + l..''i!l 'fiUO h:i(J« r> fiS :m. 4 + :t.otii + r.4 — .l(i + .'.Kl [-<'ft| CATALOCiUK OF WK) STAIfS. for the i-poch 1875.0— Contiiiiiod. 616 b r ' B , fci a i a Dfcllnntioii, IhT.'.d. k r i 5,^ la- Probable err of annual v rial inn. ((I- .2 b 3 MOO ' " + <:i 1'.' i";i.(!| .i:i -> + vo.naii + 117 — HO // — 0(100 •m + a4 ilti 47.71 .I.''. 4 + 11».!KI00 . (ID.M + HI — iW — . (M 10 41W + (( 10 10.17 .OH 10 + l!i.i»;iO() . oo;iy + ri:t — 101 — .IIK! •4'.)il + (id :ii x<. K") . y.'. 1 4- yo.oaiK) . (1077 + !■. — 'j."> — .O'JOl •.",(10 + 00 ;t7 04.;t4 .47 + ao.().->i»i» .010 — (iO — ii'.t 4- . (I0(' ll SPECIAL INDEX 10 APPENDIX H. T' n Page. Ano Cntaloguo 5,0,7, 15,21, Td, 103 Airy, Sir G. B. (See Cninb!iilj;i> mid Grorii- wifh) ....17,-,'l,2;!,','l,'-'5,:r>,3(> Amkihcan EPlIEMKniS fi, 8, 1) ArritoxiMATK posit ioim of stars 1) AiuiF.LANDKR (Scc Alio, Boun,oti'.) 4,ii8, i-4l AiiMAOii 17,:!1), ii;i AssiMKi) POSITIONS for 1875.0 9 AsTiioxoMiCAi, i*i)C. Cat 20, "ill ArTiioisrriKS, Kminu'ratiou of 11 — , NomciKliitnro of II — .SeltH-ti.mof 14 ArWEiis, Artniuii r>, 21, 22, 28, ;!;l, 71, 78, 81 Backiiuyzen, Vax df, Sakdk. :!('i Baii.y . . () Bf.iii.ix JA.'iiinrcn 4',! Hkssfi. (Sec Kim. Bcoli., Fund. Astr., I'tc.).. 5 Iti:.ssi:i.'.s IMM'IIACTIONS (>'(i' IJcfriictions) . . .21, 22, 07 Bi.A( Kin:.vTH 0, 17, 21, 90 Boxx IlKon. — ,V(d. VI 18,4r!, ll;i — ,Vol. VII 4 BiiAiii.KY. (S<'() Fund. Ast.) BUIXKI.KY 5 Bitrnsn A.-ss. Cat 27 Bliliix.s, C. (Siv l.>Mi)zig) 0,10,2i BliissKLS OliM 17,42, i:!0,i;!r., 141 lirscii. (.s ir>, IC, 18, 2;!, 79, 107, 1 12, l:U Cai'K of Hook IIoi'k Olia. : , Fiillows, 18;!1 17, -'2 1(1.. , ll.ndi'i-sou, lH:t:t 1.-., 22, 79, IDo .Stono, I8ti0 10, 111, 42,81, llilt Ca lAI.O'lfF, \Vu 08 (i2 — final, of nOO »tar8 . . Idi! CiiAi-l.is. (See Caiul)ridj;o.) CiirtiSTin, W. M .. H.'i Contf.x r.s 7 Page, ComitCTlOxs, prolirainai-y 19 — to assumed doclinations: I'irst approximation (Table III) 82 JSi'L'ond approximation (Taldo V) 91 First, iipjiroximation fur stars — liO'^ to — 90- (Talili' VII) 93 — Systemaiic, 'I'alili .< of: Fii'st ap|)roxiii !MniAi.,C. U I>F.rixiTivi; eorrei-tioii.s. (Sec CoiTectioim.) DlscoUD.vxci; of relleetion obs. (See rcllec- tiou 4)bs. ) Pi VISION FiMioU: Cape eirele F.diuburjjh eirele . 23 28 Greemvieh transit eirelo 3-1, 35 Wasbin^tou, .Mural eirolo Wasbiii^tou, Transit eirelo Paris, Mural eirelo lA'ideu, Transit eirelo !!• -r.EN. I Diji.iiTM;, PiioF. C. Ii . .' iKPAT Obs 1' ni.KV OnsFKV.vroKV . 40 44 41 44 14,21 ,15,17,20,21,78,101 3,4,.-. F.ASTM AX, Professor (.sV«\Va.sliiii^lon . .).- 5, 10 KniNluiMil Obs. . . . 15, 18, 27, 28, 33,79, 109, 110, 107 — , 8peeial distiissiou of Fli 4:t — , Speeial tab.e o( eorreelious to Fli 43 Ki.i.FUV, li. L. .1. (.'•Ve Slelliouriie.) F,X(1I.i:maxn. (Sir Leipzi({.) 23 32 .1. 017 618 SPECIAL INDEX TO Al'1'ENDIX H. [212] KPUEJiRnis. {See Am. Eph. Naut. Aliu. etc.) Explanation of tables Fallows. (See Capo of Good Hope 01)s.) PflgO. 170 Fa\t: :ii!,!i» FlCATUKIiSTONIIAUGH, T. K 5 I'l.EXUUK, Caiuljiiilgo 21 -•Can." « — , Greouwich lio — , MelliouriH) A'-i — , K-itlclillo ;iU — Paris 41,12 — , rmilUowa 79,113 — , \VasliiiiK(<)ii Transit circle 41,r;0,!>l Fundamknta AsTitONOMl.i; 5, (i, 17, 20, ao, 82 — , ilisciission of syst. corr 82 — ,,Dr. B. A ,'i,9, 19,81 GitAPiiic C'ritVKS, reumrks on 91 GHKKXWK-H OliSKUVATIOXS ;!;i — , Itradli'y {See Fund. Astr.). — ,I'ond ii, 15, 17,21,22,78,101,101 — , Twelve-year ( 1840 and 184.''>) . . . m, IM; 79, 111, 117 — , Six-year ( IH.'O) 10, :M, 81, 12:i — , lirst Scveu-ye.ar (18(iO) 10,:M,8l, i:i2 — , New Seven-year ( 18U4) 10, 114 81, i;i9 — .reeent annual re.sults I(i,;i4,81, .44,1.')0 — .recent,. special reumrlis on H4,81, 144 (liiooMHiiiDiiK. {See ltla< klieatli.) Gyldk.n, Iluoo. {Sec roulkowa) -.43, Hi:!, i;!7, 148 Hall, Professor {See Washington Obs. ) 10,40 Hahkne.ss, Profi'ssor (.Vet Washington Obs.). .") lIiiNDr.RSox. (.S«' Capo of Gooil Hope and Fdinlmrgh.) ''ILL,G. W 10 Pago. La.mont. (.SV' Lkidkx Obs 7, 10, 411,81,147 LlciPZloObs 18,43,140 LlTruow. (.S'oc Vienna.) LuTUEn. (i'eoKJiu. Ucob.) Madleu ,5 MADliAsObs 18, 2(>, 104, 100) Maix,I!i;v. lionEitT. (.SVcRaddille.; JlAitrii, A 33 MKLnonixK 01)s 7, 10, 10, 18, 42, 81, 137, 148 — , coniimrison with Wii 08 00 M(),ST.4. {See Santiago). Munich Obs 17,23,108 Nautical Almanac, Urit 23, 2(i, 27, 42 Newcomb, Prof. S. (.9cc Washington Obs.). 4, 9,21, 3.^41,44 14 71 45 I NoME.\ci..\TlRE of authorities i Normal SY.sTEM, til's! approximation to.. ! Notation' in discu. «inn of Wn (18 I Nou:i.SE, Professor NuTATlox, values of Nyren, Vr. Magnus 19 20 Oi.urSEX. (.Sec Greenwicli, Pond.) OiJM,F. A .18,113 Ivoi, s refractions Jorix.soN. (.S'er; St. Helena.) Kaiser. {See Leiden.) KoxiGSiiEiiO lioob. Jle8scl,1821 Uessol and Huseli, lB:i8.. Dessel and Luther, 1S43. .0,14,21,78,100 1.-). 79, 110 ...15,33,79,115 Lalaxde 18 LATrrriiK.of Cambridge '5, 2l> — , of Filinburgh 31 — ,of (Irei'nwich 30 — ,of Kadclims 39 — , of Washington 40, 41, 59 — , secular variation of 20, 37, 00 Palermo, eafaloguo 0, 17,21,97,104 Paris Observations 17, 18,41, 128, i:!5, 140, 142 — , Langier's catalogue 10,41,81, 125 Peters, Dr. C. A. F. (See Po,;!i owa) 10, 19 PlA/zi. (Sec Palermo.) I'oxi). (.Sec Greenwich.) Po-SITIOXES MED., Slriive. (.Sir Oorpat.) Poi:lkowa Observations 18, 19, 1(>7 — , catalogue for 1845 15, 39, 79, 118 Precession terms, computation of 10, 13 — , formula) 11,13 — , coelllcients 11 — , (if stars within lOi^ of polo 14 PROli.viil.E ERROR, frequently diseussed throughout the work Proper motio.n, fre(|ucnt allusions to — , inllueneeou jireeession 10,11 — , values of, in declination (.sVccatalogue.) (^UETELET (.Vie UrnsselsObs.) i Padcliiir Obs. : tor 1(^15 1.5,21,37,79,120 for 1845, special comparison with Kb 45 and Pa 45 79 for 1800 18,37,134 T [213] SPECIAL IJifDKX TO APPENDIX H. 619 Pnge. KADcuKrK 01)8.— Colli iuned. iiiimial icsiills 1(5,37,81,145,151 8ppci:il tiildo of corrections 37 ii'Diaiks 111! 3D Eefi.f.citiox ()bsi;uvATiox8 : at C'liiiiliiiiiKO 24,25 at Orcciiwioli 35 at Kadclir.c 39 al W'asliiiiKtou 41,50,54 Kefraction- . . ..22, 27, 34, 37, 41, 42, 43, 59, Oli, l>8, 83 EoBlxso.v. (.Sec Aniia};h.) Saint IIki.fna, catal(it;ii.> 15,22,78,105 Saffoi!i>, I'lol'. T. II Sands, Ailmiral U. V 5 Santiago Ohs., (iilli.H, 1851 17,41,124 — , Miista, 1855 10,41,81, 12(i Smyth, Prof. I'iazzi. (.Vcc K7, correction of — , notation — , ]U'(diabU; error — , refraction 59, 0(>,81 — , systematic corrections 01,08 — , \viiy;lifs, table of !Xi — , zeuitli poinis for 1808 -17 — , results for l-i^-i-15i;u 81,149 — , results for 1H7(I-1''74 .08,70,81,1.52 — , special table of corrections to a.'is'd il 09 Wekiiits. iirelimiuary, for normal system.. 72 — , linal 93,91 — , Table XI (dclinitive) WiKN. (Ste Vienna.) Wilson, O. S 5 Woi.FEiis, Tabuliu Keduclionum 5, Ml I MiNAl.i., I'rof M. (.Sec WasliiuKton, Mural Circb) 19, 10 Vou.ng's relV.i. tious y.> t(i3 100 J ij m h Explaxation.— It lias been found necessary to omit Part 2 of Appendi.v II, containing the details of . orrect ions t INDEX TO SUBJECTS. Pago. Report of the Commissioner 9-40 Lottersof transmittal 11-13 Treaties and official documents 17-19 Narrative 20-30 Record of linal meetiugof oommissionera. 'M-Si List of astronomical stations 34 List of luonunicnts 35-40 Report of (lie Cliicf Astronomer 43-208 Letters of transmittal 43-44 Chapter I. General characteristics of the country 47-05 Chapter II. General narrative 07-78 Chapter III. Tlie Northwest Point, Lake of the Woods..-. 79-83 Chapter IV. Astronomical determina- tions of latitude and mt^thods of sur- vey 85-94 Appendix D. Records 95-253 Abst ract of Appendix C 198-199 Notes on Geodetic Fonuulio 255-258 Page, Report of the Chief Astronomer— Continued. Chapter V. The Mean and Astronomical Parallel ; 259-208 Appendix A. Report of Captain Gregory: Narrative 271-287 Instruments used and methods em- ployed 288-302 Northwest Anglo, Lake of the Woods.. 303-312 Chief Mountain Lake 312-310 Chronometer performances 310-327 A])pendi.x B. Report of Lieutenant Greene : Nanativo 331-340 Chapter I. Geodetic connections 341-350 Chapter II. Topography 357-370 Chapter III. Operations during the win- ter of 1873-74 371-395 Astronomical positions on reconnais- sances 396-101 Station-errors, computation of 402-400 Ai>pondi.v II. Report of Assistant Boss 409 021 wmmmmsam^^ GENERAL INDEX. I'ilKc. Act iiiitlinrizin^ the 8iirv«',v lit Asl•(■l■lll(Mlls(^t' the mir.s..'W, -iTilililU, 'ilil A|)|iri)iiiialiiiii,s I!», yi, -^ Ailjdiirmiicnl dI' tli<> .Joinl CoiiiiiiiHsiDii :u Asliiinciniiciil Kliitioiid olwrvoil liy the Joint ('iiiniiiissiiiM :;4 AslmiMPiiiiciilstiitiiiiisdlisiTvcilliy tliclJiiiti'd Stales ('Diiiinissici'i 'X, Araldr liinds, Kxtnit of 4<,» Aziiiiiitlis 1)1 Air of piiiallrl, hcnutli of 94 Aslnmoiiiical camiis. Altitudes of ISH, l!(i» AHtromiinical parly, XIaiinrr of ('ondiiftiiiji ■01k -yiM Itlanli loiins •><).{ Coiivciilion (d' l,oiidon.Oi't(d)cr20, IHlf^...'!, (i, 17,;!l ('liai^MtiTistics of llir coiiMliy 17-5:1 t'oti'aii of llic Missonii (il,(iy CliroiioiucliTs, CoiTcctions, X'^'-i |S7 ('liroiioiiiclci's. coiTiM'tioiis, lH7;i ISH, i;)l t'liroiioiiii'lrrs, coiicrlioiis, l>'7l HI J. liKt Disiiissioii of 4>n(''S :il(;-:l*i 'r.ililc of cniiis :!•.>;! Talilr id' daily ralis :f.M I'aldc id' wci'kly latrs ;iv!5 Loiiirjiiiili's liy ;!-.'(i,:!^7 Coimrclioii of ,islioMoiiiiralHlatiipim.i)|,l!(i."i, :itl-:!4i» Dc'liiilMidTidli'd Slatrstauiti'iil I im'S..yii( •-'.>■.".» Di'Iailsof lirilish lan,i;rnl lini'S •j:ill-->r)l Aziiiiiilh olisi'iviilioiiH ;t4.'-lll I, :!I7 'I'lacim;" I In- latp^i'iil lines IM l-:M7 Slalioii ciTorsaudolI'sfls ;i47-;il',) t 'on.sirnrliim of mounds ;J4> Clirononii'tiis )«J] Cliii f Monnlain l.a'e l>."), liy t'hiof Monnlain l.akr. Snrvry of 111 l-:ll(> t'lili'iion. Appliialion of ' .i Dawson niad tj4 Dcclinalion of lixed siars. t'onipniali m >'i' . ■"'i.iM llcilinalion of lixcd stars, adoplid I'.ll-l'.lli I i. . . l*iij;i'- DnlinaMon (d (Ixcd stnrs, compiitalion of n.A.C. '.Mil 11(7 ll.A.C;. (17 MI-lM Didli'rtionsipf (111' jdiinilidiiii' yii'.'-'JCil, |ll'.'-4(i(i I><'K-«I<' IiTi^iition .M InNtriinicnls, Aslrononiiral s."i,y,''s Siuvryinj,; HI Inslniini'Tilal Coiislanls Hi, 21(7 No. 7. Slicroniclrr 170 No. 7. lii'vid 171 No. yo. r.i'vii i7y No. 20. Micioiin'li'r 174, 17.''p, IW, IS."., IWi No. 11. Miiionudiv l,-'l,lKt No. II. T.cvid 1711, IHy Iiistniniiiil Stands yss-y'.Hl l,i'lli'i-of till' Scirrran of si air ,">-7 Lt'ltcr of till' ('oiiiniissionir 1 1-41 Lollirid'llir r:,;,f Asinmoniii- 11-1:1,1:1- 11 l.al-', of 111.! Woods .-,:!, :i;t:i l.atilndrs, I'. S. (Hisoivations: Sialion No. 1, I'nubiiia i)ii-lii(i Stal ion No. y, KasI, l„ikr of I lir Woods. IIII-II14 Slalioii No. y, Wist, I'oinl Miilnd |ir,-107 Sialion No. :!, riinldiia .Ml lii.-^-lU Slalioii No. 4. I'rniliiiia Ml.. Wi'si sidr. I ly-H.^- Slalioii No, .-.. 1 •; l.'ivii' Iir.-11'J Sialion No, 11, liii I If Ml .I.l)-|y:l Sialion Nu. 7. Sonlli Anilii Ciiik |yi-|y7 tiy;i • i 1^ 4 624 GENERAL INDEX. Paga Latitiulea, U. S. Observations— Coiitiuncd. Station No, 8, KiviiVo (leg Lacs 128-l;il Station No. 9, Mouse Kiver 132-1:15 Station No. 11), Mid Cottau i:«i-138 Station No. 11, Bully Spring llt'J-Ml Station No. 12, Wc»t I'oiiliu- 112-U4 Station No. 13, I'rouclnuan's Creek l'liV-147 Station No. 14, Tool -3(l9 Description of iron monuments 285 Mouse liiver 59 Milk Kiver Ridge C4 Maps, Projeetion of 94 Const met ion of 3(i.S-3C9 Mean and nstronomieal parallel 2.59-208 Jleridian of Fort Sliaw 351-354 Meteorology 300,301 Northwest Point, Lake of t ho Woods. .23,79-83, 303 Coni]iuta1ion of surveys at 310-312 Natural divisions of the eountry .50-51 Northwest angle. Lake of the Woods 53,303 Narrative of the Chief Astronomer G7-78 Captain Gregory 272-287 Lieutenant Greene 332-340 OfflccTS detailed 20 Page. OfTsels, ComxHitation of 93 OlVsets, Table of 257 Prairie stn-ams, Charactorist ics of 51 Pembina Mountains 58 Report of the Conmnssioncr 17-40 Rainy River 63,385 Roseau River 55-56 Red River 50-58, 392 Riviere des I,acs CO I.'oeky Slountains (i4, 3G'l-36C Reeounaissanees, Astronomieal positions on 299, 39(i-401 Settlements on tlio Red River 47 Sextants 290 Station-<"rrors, Discussion of 402-40(5 Station-errors, Table of 355, 403 Stadia-lines, Krrors of 94, 300-301 Snow-shoe.s 378 Turtle Mountain 59 Three lluttes 03 Tangents, Tracing of 92 Topographical work 94, 357-3' intain 02 WoodKi. 70 Winter transportation 373 Clothing 377 Observations during 380 Temperatures 391 h ^ \ ^ ^ ■ ■ ■ !;^"^^.>^; ■i*»i»«ia^a»i**iBS»j >-MiRi>ijW«MiWi Hf~' Jr. TNITKI) STATES NOR I'HKUN BOlINDAnV COMMISSION. V.0- I ::tH» •^'1;^ Joint. ^<^' r -r^ I RedIHvj\.t.Sl&. 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