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 I. AI^LEN JACK 
 
 ■i>riiii iilji »i<'«*w 
 
 — f 
 
 
 
 <©S>rin^d frotn a Series of "Petpotm t^t^ii^Hff 
 ixi tHe "Dally Sun." 
 
 -*»r:' 
 
 Mi 
 
 8^. JOHN, N. Efc 
 
 \: 
 
 ■Av 
 
 
 •,^WBr 
 
R FOR 
 
 REFERENCE 
 
 581.9715 
 Jac 
 
 Adult 1 
 
 1 
 
 Uews. Room 1 
 NOT TO BE TAKEN FROM THE ROOM | 
 
 
 n.a. 1 
 
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 ;e 
 
 OOM 
 
 I 
 
 
 Our WhxD j^owers. 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The following papers are not writ- 
 ten for botaniots, nor are they in- 
 tended for those disposed to enter 
 upon a systematic study of plants. 
 With a strong suspicion that his 
 ignorance may readily be detected by 
 the learned, and with the sincere de- 
 sire not to be mistaken for a pre- 
 tender, the writer readily admits at 
 the outset that his knowledge of the 
 subject selected for treatment is 
 limited. He is however led to believe 
 that this need not necessarily Inter- 
 fere with the comi»aratively success- 
 ful accomplishment of his present 
 purpose. Having always entertained 
 and nourished an affection for the 
 beauties of nature, and having be- 
 come convinced that tliey oould not be 
 appreciated without methodical con- 
 sideration, he has sought to acquire 
 and utilize some knowledge of that 
 branch of science which relates to 
 vegetable life. A few years largely 
 devoted to searching for and Identi- 
 fying wild flowers, and a lifetime pass- 
 ed during which they never failed to 
 interest him, have enabled him to 
 learn something of the aspect, names 
 and places of many of them. 
 
 In the earnest hope that, through 
 the use of his little knowledge, he may 
 
 enable those who know less than him- 
 self to share the pleasure which he 
 has derived from the consideration of 
 an extremely captivating subject, he 
 ventures to place before the public the 
 partial result of his investigations. 
 
 Almost all the flowers described and 
 mentioned may be found in the vicin- 
 ity of Saint John, for whose inhabit- 
 ants the papers are primarily thJ>ugh 
 not exclusively written, but many of 
 them, with others not mentioned, 
 flourish in other places in the prov- 
 ince. 
 
 In the treatment of the subject, al- 
 though the Latin names are used 
 they are almost Invariably accom- 
 panied by thi common English ap- 
 pellations, except in cases where none 
 such exist. Subject to this excep- 
 tion scientific language has been care- 
 fully avoided from the conviction 
 that, although more accurate and bet- 
 ter adapted for the scientific reader, 
 it would not be so well suited for those 
 who have made no effort to master 
 proper technical terms. With the soli- 
 tary exception of the orchids, no one 
 of the families Into which plants axe 
 divided has been selected for special 
 consideration. The exception has been 
 made, partly because of the extreme 
 
^•ingularlty of almost all and the great 
 Jbeauty of many of the orchids; partly 
 
 tecause the writer has made a special 
 earch with fairly successful re.<ult8 
 for these attractlve~*flo(wers. In the 
 arrangement of the papers, the gen- 
 eral Intention, from which there 
 is an occasional departure, has been 
 to group plants in accordance with 
 the aeiftsonfl when they bloom and the 
 kind*' bif place in which they grow. In 
 selecting flowers for description or no- 
 tice the writer has been influenced by 
 the following amongst other consider- 
 ations: 
 
 1. To compel the admission of doubt- 
 ers in our midst that *hey are sur- 
 rounded by floral beauty. 
 
 2. To dispel some errors with refer- 
 ence to the qualities of our flowers. 
 
 3. To make the general public better 
 acquainted with flowers which they 
 have seen but never known. 
 
 4. To indicate the seasons when and 
 the places where rare or compara- 
 tively rare flowers may be found. 
 
 It is not claimed that the selection 
 is even approximately complete, nor 
 could it be so unless these papers were 
 so extended in number and volume 
 as to repel or perhaps appal those for 
 whom they are Intended. 
 
 It Is indeed more than probable that 
 there are Important omissions from the 
 num'ber of flowers mentioned, partly 
 from the lack of knowledge and part- 
 ly from defect in judgment of the 
 writer. Fortunately, however, such 
 omissions cannot Impair the value of 
 the information furnished, and can 
 only suggest the regret that such In- 
 formation is not more eztensiTe. 
 
 Before concluding this introduction 
 it may not be inopportune to make a 
 few remarks, even though they be In 
 a measure trite, upon the beneflts to 
 be derived from the consideration of 
 the subject of these paperti. 
 
 Bacon, in the Advancement of Learn- 
 ing, obaerves: "Let no man, out of a 
 weak conceit of sobriety, or an ill- 
 applied moderation, think or maintain 
 that a man can search too far, or be 
 too well studied in the book of Qod's 
 "Word •r in the book of Qod's 
 Works." Now plants or their remains 
 occur in almost the earliest pages of 
 the book of God'a works, after unseen 
 forces and inorganic matter, but be- 
 fore living, breathing, moving things. 
 It is to plant life, therefore, as one of 
 His early revelations, that he who 
 seeks to know whether there is a 
 Creator, naturally primarily directs his 
 attention. There is something more 
 comprised In the words, "Consider the 
 lilies," than a mere suggestion that 
 they should receive a momentary 
 glance. It is perhaps a mixing of 
 tropes, but it may be truly said that 
 plants should present themselves to 
 him who yearns for truth as a portion 
 of God's primer, and as one of the 
 flrst rungs in a ladder whereby faith 
 KMiy climb from earth to Heaven. And 
 It Is not merely the existence of a 
 Creato' which can be learned from 
 plants, but very much of His nature, 
 capacity and attributes. What pro- 
 found wisdom, what Incomprehensible 
 kigenuity are manifested In the infin- 
 itely varied structural arrangements 
 for the performance of their functions. 
 What an intersst in their welfare and 
 perpetuation, what astounding fore- 
 
s. 
 id 
 
 thought appear in the preparation of 
 soils for their production and growth 
 and In the sequence of the seasons of 
 each year. And lastly, what a sublime 
 appreciation of beauty on the part of 
 their Creator Is demonstrated from the 
 dimple fact that they are so beautiful. 
 Truly Indeed may it be said of the 
 man who neglects to consider the lil- 
 ies that he Is depriving himself of 
 great assistance in intellectual and 
 spiritual growth It Is generally con- 
 ceded that some knowledge of the con- 
 crete must precede a perception of the 
 abstract, and that the recognized pow- 
 ers of sense must be exercised before 
 the mysterious inner consciousness can 
 become an active agent. And so It 
 may be fairly claimed that the man 
 upon whom a visibly beautiful flower 
 makes no impies<»lon is but poorly 
 o.ialified to form a conception of an 
 angel, or to grasp even the shadow of 
 a spiritual id<>a. 
 
 Again, man can learn from pLants 
 something of the benefit of obedience 
 to law, and although, unlike them, free 
 to think and act for himself, may 
 be led to find and voluntarily subject 
 himself to regulations best adapted for 
 his well-being. And yet agalti, the 
 valuable lesson may be learned from 
 their contemplation, that beauty and 
 utility may and should be combined. 
 
 A score of treatises might be writ- 
 ten under the foregoing heads, but 
 here they are merely suggested for 
 thought ci-nd to indicate the variety 
 and magrnitude of topics presented for 
 consideration to the lover of flowers. 
 
 In this and In the following papers 
 the wrtter mak-;s no attempt to do 
 more than follow In the paths which 
 
 he has specifically indicated. It is not 
 so much as aids to Intellectual devel- 
 opment, but as ministers ti the emo- 
 tions and handmUds tc happiness, that 
 flowers are considered In these papers. 
 TTriable to perceive the ntjcessity for 
 submitting reas ms. he fearlessly dog- 
 matises. He who loves not flowers is 
 like "the man that hath no inuslc in 
 himself." and with the latter must 
 share the condemnation of the '^teat 
 bard. 
 
 If men and women would only ex- 
 ercise thfic ordinary faculties they 
 would discover lountless sources of 
 pleasure, at the same time innocent, 
 and also, a matter of no small import- 
 ance to do many, inexpensive. 
 
 How few there are who avail them- 
 selves of deUilous summer days to 
 ramble through the woods. How 
 many there are who dread long Jour- 
 neys by rail or stage, because they 
 have never learned to regard with In- 
 terest many objects of which the love- 
 liness. If perceived, would help to 
 shorten time and space. 
 
 And what may not be said of the 
 possible mil Istratlons of our sweet 
 wild flowers? The mere memory of 
 them is a valuable possession. When 
 the eyes fail, or the limbs, through 
 age or perhaps disease, are no longer 
 equal to the tramp througn moss and 
 fen, the remembrance of hardly sought 
 and much prized tkssoms of days 
 gone by Is a precious source of conso- 
 lation. Kven when the 8had'>w of 
 death was falling on him, the beauty- 
 lovlrg Greek found ecme aatlsfictlon 
 In hoping to pather the asphodel In 
 
 the hereafter. 
 
 I. ALLEN JACK. 
 
X. And. being satisfied that the deity 
 
 Dfty-atarsI that ope your eye« wltlh man, to found pleasure In the flowers, It Is easy 
 
 to comprehend how men of a remote 
 
 twlitkl* 
 From rainbow galaxlea of earth's creation, 
 And dew-dropg on her holy altara aprlnkle 
 As a libation. 
 
 Ye matin worshippers! who bending lowly 
 Betoro the uprisen sun, Qod's Ildless eye, 
 
 past came to use them as a means of 
 worship. And, though we may con- 
 demn the extent to which the principle 
 and practice of sacrifice have been 
 
 Throw from your chalices a sweet and holy carried, the offering of blossoms in the 
 
 Incense on high. temple or at the altar deserves no cen- 
 
 These stanzas from Horace Smith's sure. It Is. alas! true that these Inno- 
 
 Hymns to the Flowers form a fitting cent and lovely creations have been 
 
 prelude to the subject chosen and too often connected with false wor- 
 
 the whole poem should be familiar to ship and wild orgies unworthy to be 
 
 every gardener, every botanist, and associated with any religion deserving 
 
 every lover of nature. of regard. But It Is equally true that 
 
 How much there Is In connection through such ordeals they have passed 
 with the flower boi-n to blush unseen, scaihless. Indeed, It may bQ asserted 
 for theologian, philosopher, artist and that, notwithstanding the dread enter- 
 man of science to consider. Only read talned by many that the spiritual as- 
 the description of the myriad of won- pect of worship may be lost In that 
 derful and beautiful plants In the jun- which they deem sensuous, there Is a 
 gles of Africa, by the accomplished purity and simplicity about flowers 
 Schwelnfurth, or what Is told by other which lead religious persons generally 
 travellers of the blossoms blooming to permit their use In any sanctuary, 
 amid the Brazilian forests, and you Among primitive peoples there has 
 begin to question: Why are they often been a tendency to connect the 
 
 there? What are their uses? What 
 was and Is the reason for placing so 
 much loveliness and grandeur In the 
 
 Instrument with the object of adora- 
 tion. Flower worship cannot, how- 
 ever, be said to have been actually 
 
 wlldness, to be seen, if seen at all, only practiced by any nation of antiquity, 
 by Insensate brutes? Is it to be won- although many plants were considered 
 dered that man, at a very early period sacred. The lotus, the laurel, the myr- 
 in the world's history, found but one tie and the mistletoe were so regarded, 
 answer to these queries— that God, The rose, although always and every- 
 thelr creator, was pleased with the where recognized as the queen of flow- 
 beauty of His creations. The learned ers, does not appear to have ranked 
 of laAer tlmjs have answered in other with the sacred plants, among which, 
 ways. But notwithstanding all that however, a less pretentious plant-the 
 they teach us, we feel that the ancient onion-seems to have been enumerated, 
 solution still holds true; that there Is ^ modern times flowers are treated 
 yet force In the saving that "God saw with sufllclent respect to Induce the 
 everything that He had made, and, be- adoption of their names for human 
 hold, it was very good." beings— Rose, Violet, Marguerite, Lily, 
 
Ln 
 
 5 
 
 Althea and Camelia are familiar des- latter. In Asia. Africa and Southern 
 Ignations for those of the gentle sex Europe, at least In those parts where 
 among us, and other titles might per- men abounded, the soil was generally 
 haps be more appropriately borrowed, prolific, the vegetation rich and varied. 
 Some years ago, upon the appll- and there was little or no necessity to 
 cation of u Mlllcete Indian, I named seek for exotics, or to use extraordln- 
 hls adopted white baby daughter ary care with Indigenous plants. The 
 "Moneses," after <a charming star- hanging gardens of Babylon are, of 
 shaped wild flower, and the name was course, sufficient to testify that flori- 
 duly given In baptism. It Is worthy culture was not neglected In Asia, and 
 of remark that "Moneses," although of t!je cla&alcal references are sufficiently 
 pure Greek origin from two words numerous to leave no room for doubt 
 which together signify the solitary de- that large spaces were devoted to the 
 sire, was regarded by the aborlglnlea cultivation of flowers In Athens and 
 as of an Indian source solely from Its other Grecian cities, and at Rome, 
 sound. But Botany was not then known as 
 
 A reciprocal practice of giving the a science, nor. Indeed, was It until 
 name of its discoverer or cultivator to centuries of the Christian era had 
 the flower has not always satlsfled the elapsed that much curiosity was 
 canons of euphony. The " Llnnaea," evinced for the secrets of vegetable 
 after Linnaeus, and the " MItchella," life. Had the luxurious Roman of the 
 from the less promising name of Mlt- Empire, who sent to Britain tor his 
 chell, are somewhat notable excep- oysters, who spent a fortune and rose 
 tlons. before the stars were extinguished to 
 
 The use of herbs by magicians, feed his mullets, but received the hint, 
 witches and physicians has always the utmost parts of the known world 
 caused some plants to be regarded from would have been sought for blossoms, 
 a peculiar and not always pleasant It was reserved for a later date and 
 point of view. Nathaniel Hawthorne, a more phlegmatic people, to wit, the 
 In hla posthumous work, Septlmlus Dutch, to rise to the highest point of 
 Felton, makes thrilling use. In this enthusiasm over the possible discovery 
 connection of a flower, the " Sangulnla or production of a b'ack tulip, and for 
 Sangulnisslma," which, fortunately, is the descendants cf an English savage 
 purely imaginary, but which is none to pay a thousand pounds for an or- 
 the less uncanny in all Its terrible chid. 
 
 beauty. In a modern garden, to some extent, 
 
 In the old times and In the old lands but more especially in a mod am green- 
 there can scarcely have been a very house, we are confronted by samples 
 marked distinction between the wild of vegetable life immediately or medi- 
 and cultivated florae and, whatever dlf- ately from many and varied cllraes. 
 ference there may have been, was pro- Resemblance may sometimes be traced 
 bably the result of neglect in the case between denizens of tht enclosure and 
 of the former and of care in that of the those of the outlying waste, but, al- 
 
 mamu 
 
though there tr.ay be relationship, 
 Identity rarely or never exlota. In 
 other won .8, It Ir not the use of spe- 
 cially selected enrth, chemicals, arti- 
 ficial heat, and cultivation which 
 makes the difference between the con- 
 fined plant and Its uncultured cousin. 
 It Is the Intention o' this series of 
 papers to treat, not of the pampered 
 exotics, but the less regarded plants 
 which, like Topsy, simply "proved, " 
 havlHK obtained no help from man, 
 and having aroueed little or no Inter- 
 est In their welfare in human breasts. 
 
 Te brlgbt mondoi! that yfAlh vtorlied bAauty 
 
 The floor of nature's temple teaseliate, 
 Vnmt niiin«roiu emblems of liMtruotlTe duty 
 Tour foniM crea/te! 
 
 'Neath clo4«tered bou^iha each HoM ben tbat 
 
 mrincetlh, 
 
 And tolls lit« perfume on the paeadng adr. 
 Makes Sabbath In the fields, and ever rlncetli 
 a caU to prayer. 
 
 "The writer." says Henry Morley, 
 "who first taught Englishmen to look 
 for principles worth study In the com- 
 mon use of speech, expecting censure 
 for choice of a topic without dignity, 
 excused himself with this tale out of 
 Aristotle: When Heraclltus lived, a 
 famous Creek, there were some persons 
 led by curiosity to see him Vrho found 
 him warming himself in his kitchen, 
 and paused at the threshold because 
 of the meanness of the place. But the 
 philosopher said to them: 'Enter bold- 
 ly, for here too there are Gods.' " • • 
 * "God, who gave to the moth his 
 dalntv wings, and to the violet a scent 
 whose use Is but the creation of plea- 
 sure, gave t(. man, with the delights 
 
 of speech, faculties that weave them 
 by the subtlest cf his arts into a 
 flower-world of intellect and feeling." 
 Pointing towards the wcfod, untrlm- 
 med, unoccupie^l. If not unclaimed by 
 man, the rank marsh and the tangled 
 coppice, and quoting again from our 
 English author, "wc n:ay say to the 
 doubting, enter boldly, for here, too, 
 there are God3." 
 
 It is Indeed Inccrr- ct to allege abso- 
 lutely that wild flowers have aroused 
 no Interest In their welfare in human 
 breasts. Man by nature Is fond of all 
 beautiful objects, and chlldr>n have a 
 love almost amounting to a passion 
 for Mowers of every kind. Who has 
 not been touched at the sight of little 
 ones, the offspring of both rich and 
 poor, supremely happy in the posses- 
 sion of a few half-withered dandelions. 
 The authoress of "The Near and Heav- 
 enly Horizon" tendarly rf»ferB to this 
 trait of infancy In the following pass- 
 age from that work: "Little shouts 
 were Interchange!" 'Have you found 
 some?' 'Yes.' 'A good place?' Silence. 
 There is no pursuit where selfishness 
 shows Itself more plainly than in this 
 pursuit of lilies of the valley. One is 
 silent. To say 'no' would be a false- 
 hood; to say 'yes' would be to lose 
 one's prize. 9o we make all the haste 
 we can. If scrupulous we murmur 
 something very vague Indeed; and. the 
 treasure secured, we slip away to some 
 other hiding place all covered with 
 white bells. 
 
 In this manner Rose went through 
 the wood; and when she reached the 
 high ground, where the lilies do not 
 venture, s^e got uneasy, and called 
 her brother, who came with trousers 
 
 -^*^ 
 
torn and three poor apriRa In his hand. 
 'AM that,' rhe Raid, and th^n showed 
 her Rreat bunch. 'Oh!' atghed the lit- 
 tle fellow; and his poor flowers drop- 
 ped from hla Angers." 
 
 It Is with no Intention to admit the 
 doctrine of the French philosophers as 
 to the primary condition of tYiougrht 
 in nature, or to controvert the teach- 
 ing of theologians In regard to origin- 
 al sin, that we may attempt to explain 
 changes which certainly do take place 
 in o'.Mnions. 
 
 There can be at least no doubt that, 
 if a view upon any subject commonly 
 prevails in society, that view is pretty 
 sure evjntually to Influence if not de- 
 stroy antagonistic preconceived ideas. 
 If, for Inptance, gold is adopted aa 
 the standard of value, It is difllcult to 
 persuade the world that what will not 
 procure gold is worth the seeking. 
 
 It is therefore not hard to under- 
 stand that, as we grow older, we are 
 led to cast aside things which we once 
 prized, from learning to believe that 
 we never had a good reason for think- 
 ing highly of them, and yielding to the 
 popular estimate of their value. 
 
 If kt Is necessary that, ' i order to 
 participate In eternal happiness, we 
 should become as little children, it la 
 certainly advisable that, for the pur- 
 pose of receiving temporal pleasure, we 
 should not too readily abandon the 
 tRiites which, when children, we pos- 
 sessed. 
 
 To those who are truly influenced by 
 the love of beauty flowers must always 
 be a means of gratlflcation. But, 
 whilst all flowers claim admiration, 
 there are reasons which may well in- 
 duce one to specially esteem the blos- 
 
 Boms of wild plants. The dlfHculty In 
 securing the most rare: the freauent 
 novelty of their aspect; the mystery as 
 well of their concealment as of their 
 appearance: the incidents connected 
 with their discovery, all tend to en- 
 hance their charms. Then, again, the 
 very efforts that must be made In 
 searching for them so enlarge the capa- 
 city of observation that, when they are 
 found, the mind is enabled to detect 
 details of beauty in them which would 
 not so readily be suggested In the case 
 of flowers of garden growth. 
 
 Diogenes with his lighted lantern 
 seeking 'or an honest man has hla 
 counterpart In the botanist with his 
 vasculum and muddy boots, his keen 
 powers of vision and his devoted zeal, 
 searching for rare flowers. 
 
 And truly, if there is any bond of 
 sympathy between plant and human 
 being, the botanist may say with Ter- 
 ence, "homo sum et nihil humanum 
 allenun a me puto," I am a man and 
 I consider nothing which relates to 
 humanity as of no Interest to me. 
 
 The knowledge possessed by the or- 
 dinary citizen of the wild flowers in 
 his environment Is very meagre. The 
 taxpayer of Saint John, for Instance, 
 is generally conscious of the existence 
 of the " Bpigaea ReT)ens," the ground 
 laurel, trailing arbutus or May-flower, 
 but he has never learned ^.hat it has 
 received Its sclentiflc name from its 
 trailing growth, nor that it Is but one 
 of a numerous family. He also knows 
 the butter-cup, but he does not know 
 that itt la a " Rammcnilus," nor that 
 It is so called because leading members 
 of its family grow in places where lit- 
 tle frogs abound. Of course the vio- 
 
 rs 
 
8 
 
 lets are among his acquaintance, and 
 he knows that some are white and 
 others blue; but he does not know 
 that some have lance-shaped leaves, 
 and that generally their foliage is very- 
 varied; that some are yellow; some 
 have downy and others si.iooth stems; 
 nor that., among the blossoms which 
 he designates as blue, countless tints 
 appear, from the hue akin to that of 
 skim milk to the color of the sky at 
 midday in June, and tyrean purple. 
 There are two shrubs with very showy 
 blossoms, cousins of the May-flower, 
 common in waste places near the city, 
 which deserve mention. One is the 
 " Rhodora Canadensis," the rose- 
 purple blossoms of which appear before 
 the leaves in May. The other is the 
 "Kalmla Angiistlfoilla," which de- 
 rives Its name from that pupil of Lin- 
 naeus, Peter Kalm, who Is one of the 
 prominent characters In Klrby's Gold- 
 en Dog, the leading Canadian romance. 
 The Kalmla, also known as Lamb-Kill 
 and Sheep Laurel, has a striking cor- 
 onal of rose-colored flowers, of which 
 the stamens are caught In as many 
 nltches In the corolla from which they 
 spring to shed the pollen In due sea- 
 son. 
 
 Your vodcoless lips, ah flowenB! are Mvlng 
 
 preotibera, 
 
 E)&ob cup a ptflipH, and eacb l«at a book, 
 Supfklytlng tu my fancy numerous teacbers 
 iFrom loneiUeBt nook. 
 
 Floral apoBtles! tlhiajt im dewy Bplondor 
 "Weep wMhouit wo, and blutdi without a 
 arime;" 
 0, may I deeply learn, and ne'«r surrender, 
 Your lore Bubllirae! 
 
 People from the British Isles often 
 make statements with reference to 
 Canada utterly opposed to facts. They 
 do not hear the song of the nightin- 
 gale or sky-lark here, and In conse- 
 quence aspeit that we have no sing- 
 ing blrris. Because our blue violets 
 are devoid of perfume, or because 
 knowledge has not been forced upon 
 them, they assume that none of our 
 wild flowers are fragrant. Indeed 
 some of them go so far as to allege 
 that there are no wild flowers In Can- 
 ada. 
 
 I forego the pleasing and easy task 
 of upholding the vocal powers of our 
 many fe-.tthered songsters only because 
 it is outside my present purpose. I 
 must, however, mak<» a few remarks 
 upon the as-^erted absence or imper- 
 fection of our flowers. 
 
 It would not be dlflUcult to present 
 a long list of flowers distinguished for 
 the sweetness of their perfume, grow- 
 ing rank in the flelds, marshes, waters 
 cr woods of thla provime. Their per- 
 fume, moreover, is extremely variel 
 and, in many instances, peculiarly 
 powerful. The most ordinary observ- 
 er who has lifted to his nose the ear- 
 liest spring blcfisom, the May-flower 
 or trailing arbutus, the wild rose, or 
 the pond lily, needs no further evi- 
 dence to prove how groundless is the 
 charge that our wild flowers are scent- 
 less. The common white violet, which 
 grows by the rca.dside almost every- 
 where in the country districts, has a 
 very sweet and refined, although some- 
 what faint aroma. There is also an- 
 other plant, the " Llnnaea Borealis," 
 of the honeysuokle family, of Which 
 th« beauty of its minute blosoms is 
 
only equalled by the charming qual- the number of those acquainted with 
 
 Ity and the Initenslty of Its odor. WHth it should be largely Increased. The 
 
 Buch attractions it demands a descrlp- stalk, which rises from a height of 
 
 tlon for thosie who do not know It by from two to four Inches from a cluster 
 
 name. of rounded leaves at Its base, supports 
 
 From a graceful vine with small, a pendant, flve-petalled, star-shaped 
 rounded, dark green leaves, creeping flower half an Inch broad, white or 
 In the moss of a grove or forest, a slightly rose-colored. The perfume of 
 stalk rises upright two inches or there- the "Moneses" Is simply delicious, and 
 abouts which sustains two hanging might safely be offered in competition 
 blossoms. These In shape are like with that of almost any other flower, 
 half-closed parasols of fairies, if there excepting always some of the roses, It 
 were fairies and they carried para- is probably impossible to give a true 
 Bols, while in color they are pink, idea in words of the nature of a per- 
 The great Swedish botanist, Lin- fume, but in suggesting that the frag- 
 naeus, loved this flower, and, as be- ranee of the monesis Is not wholly 
 fore observed. It is from him that it unllk? that of the cultivated Illy of 
 derives its name. Any one who has the valley, though less oppressive, its 
 passed along a country highway in frosliness, purity and delicacy may be 
 places where the " Linnaea " abounds, partially appreciated, 
 shortly after a summer shower, unless it would be productive of good re- 
 deprived of the sense of smell, will suits if Canarllan, as well as English, 
 never forget its delicious aroma. The Scotch and Irlah noses were on greater 
 orchis family Is represented In this terms of Intimrvy with our many 
 province by probably between twenty swcet-smelling wild flowers. Not only 
 and thirty species, and many of them would untrue statements cease to be 
 are most delectably fragrant. Of these n^ade, but execrable taste, or that 
 a variety of the " Splranthes," or which claims tc be taste, would be 
 Ladies' Tresses, is quite common, and corrected. There are few practices In 
 has been plucked by many plcnlcers modern society, not being 8lnful,whlch 
 unacquainted with its name. It grows are so objectionable a.T that of satur- 
 In meadows or pastures, and to a ating articles attached to the person 
 height of eight or nine inches, and Its with some of the fluids sold by drug- 
 white flowors are arranged spirally gists and called pei-fumes. It Is one 
 around Its light green italk with of the marvels of the age that a na- 
 sheath like leaves. turally charming wcman should take 
 
 The largely pepreeentied " Ericaceae" so much pains to obpcure or annihl- 
 
 or Heath Family, which Includes the late her charms. Nor should it be for- 
 
 May-flower, also produces a number gotten that the exerci.=e of a perverted 
 
 of plants with very fragrant blossoms, taste may and does produce some per- 
 
 One of these, the " Moneses Unl- sonal and regretable result. It can 
 
 flor \," preAiousJy mentioned. Is but readily be conoeiveu that the scent of 
 
 little known, but Is so attractive that suoh a floiwer as the "Moneses" mlg<ht 
 
 m 
 
IC 
 
 help to raise a soul to Heaven, but its 
 most arlent admirer would scarcely 
 dare to claim as much for a drop of 
 patchouly. There ai-e Indeed some 
 wild flowers which, although fragrant, 
 are not pleasantly so. The purple 
 trlllium Is probably the most notice- 
 able of these, and happily the entire 
 number of offenders of this class is 
 extremely small. 
 
 There is nothing to be gained by 
 warmth of temper in dealing with per- 
 sons who make untrue statements In 
 ignorance of facts. One who knows 
 the truth, however, should readily be 
 pardoi.ed for being amazed when he 
 hears a remark upon the absence or 
 paucity of flcwers in Canada. It may 
 be broadly stated that plants visible 
 to the unaided eye may be found al- 
 most in every place where man has 
 done nothing to prevent their growth, 
 and that, vvhere there is a plant, there 
 is usually a flower. But in Canada 
 generally it is nt t the mere presence 
 of plant life, but the exhibition of va- 
 riety and rare beauty in vegetation 
 which demand? attention. It must 
 not be supposed, h( wever, that wild 
 flowers, even of a common order, can 
 be seen without seme effort. They 
 are not borne by the winds through 
 the streets of a town, nor are they al- 
 ways in sight from the country high- 
 way. For some you have to search to 
 some extent, while others can only be 
 discovered after a diligent tramp 
 through placee but ill adapted for good 
 clothes and thin Icuther. 
 
 Again, Europeans, en coming to 
 America, forget to make allowances 
 for the conditions in a new country, 
 which differ so essantlally from those 
 
 to which they have been aooustDmed. 
 Land is never unclaimed and but rare- 
 ly uncultivated in Europe, and it is 
 there the exception rather than the 
 rule for plants to spring from the vir- 
 gin soil. In the greater part of Can- 
 ada the differences in these respects* 
 are very marked, and while the 
 sportsman can, within a few miles of 
 a populous centre, find game which 
 has never been under the eye of the 
 keeper, the ranger of the woods may 
 pluck flowers which have drawn their 
 sustenance from earth that has never 
 known a plough or spade. 
 
 But Is not the real reason for mis- 
 apprehensloji and misstatement rather 
 due to the fact that the Englishman 
 and Irishman pine for the dear prim- 
 rose and daisy of their childhood; that 
 the Scotchman misses the heather of 
 his native land, that he distu* ' see ine 
 broom wl' its tassels on the lea?" And 
 if this is the reason, should not the 
 offence be pardoned? 
 
 As a matter of fact, a very pretty 
 primrose, not identical in size and 
 color with that of the British Isles, 
 but much the same in form, has been 
 gathered though not in large quanti- 
 ties. In flelds near St. John; daisies 
 of many kinds are suflSclently com- 
 mon throughout the province, and, al- 
 though the broom may not grow here, 
 the heather has many near relations 
 in our comprehensive flora. 
 
 It has been Indicated that our wild 
 flowers generally cannot be Jiscovered 
 without some effort, but it should not 
 be und'.rstood that a really serious ef- 
 fort is required to enable one to be- 
 hold such of them aa are moat abun- 
 dant. 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 
II 
 
 I 
 
 t 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 Spring with us Is fair' ' liberal in 
 rromlsea, but somewhat t.^ingy in re- 
 sults, and usually it 1b not till after 
 the middle of May that blossoms ap- 
 pear In profusion. Indeed it might al- 
 most be claimed that the spirit of 
 ioyalty which prevails in Canada 
 among her people, extends to her 
 herbs, shrubs and trees, and induces 
 them to reserve their energies till the 
 birthday of Britain's Queen. Then 
 truly there is a rare feast for th« eyes 
 which find delight in beauty. 
 
 My remarks apply especially to this 
 province and the vicinity of our own 
 city, but need not necessarily be so 
 restricted, iand what may be seen on 
 the outskirts of St. John, is typical of 
 what Is visible in the same season 
 elsewhere. 
 
 Wherever there has been a non-in- 
 terference with nature flowers appear 
 In profusion. 
 
 The robin ^ear, the ash, the elder, 
 the choke and wild cherry, the dog- 
 wood, and many other trees; the 
 *' Dlervilia Trifida," or bush honey- 
 suckle, the blue berry and Its many 
 cousins, the " Rhodora Canadensis." 
 the " Kalmla AngustifoUa," the rasp- 
 berry, the currant, the gooseberry and 
 countless other shrubs; violets in 
 many shades of blue and white, the 
 " Coptls Trifolla," or gold thread, with 
 Its white stars, the " Clintonia Bore- 
 alls," a yellow Illy, the strawberry, the 
 " Cornus Canadensis," or pigeon or 
 bunch berry and a host of other herbs 
 are all in bloom and generally blooming 
 In abundajice. Special mention of 
 many flowers Is purposely omitted lest 
 a profusion of citation's should lead to 
 a confused perception of the attempt- 
 
 ed picture. Only let my readers go 
 and .«.'e for themselves or, if that la 
 diflicult or Impossible, let them add 
 to my description tassels covered with 
 golden pollen, ferns and sedges, and 
 green and red and yellow buds each 
 seeking in friendly rivalry, to display 
 Its swathed loveliness before the 
 others. 
 
 "Thou wert not, Solomon, In ail thy glory, 
 Array'd," the Ulles cry, "In robes like 
 ours; 
 
 How vain your grandeur! Aih, how transitory 
 Arc human flowersl" 
 
 In the sweet scented ploture, Heavenly Ar- 
 tliatl 
 With whloh thou padnitest nature's wide 
 spread haU; 
 ^\'^a;t a deUghtful lesson thou Impartest 
 Of :ove to all! 
 
 It is the unvaried practice of musi- 
 cians to commence a concert with 
 some composition which utilizes the 
 gifts and powers of every member of 
 the company, and aftferwards to pro- 
 duce the artists either singly or in 
 smaller groups. Art clearly has In this 
 found a precedent in nature. When 
 the birds flrst appear they gather to- 
 gether In great assemblies, fllllng the 
 air with sound; soon, however, they 
 separate, at flrst In squads or divisions 
 fairly large numerically, and finally 
 In pairs. And so It la with vegetation, 
 for, although, through the summer, 
 there Is a constant succession of varied 
 blossoming, after the first grand out- 
 burst there la not seen again so gen- 
 eral and widespread a profusion of 
 bloom. When autumn oomes Indeed 
 there Is wonderful activity in the order 
 of " Ooin.pcslt;ie," with multitudinous 
 
12 
 
 an J brilliant species, now appearing 
 In the form of asters, now like dande- 
 lions, except perhaps in color, and 
 ajraln as tufts or bunches of brilliant 
 hue. The effect of these In their great 
 abundance and contraated beauty.com- 
 blned with the startling changes In 
 tint of the leaves of trees and shrubs, 
 Is very grand, but Is utterly different 
 from the panorama of earlier sum- 
 mer 
 
 In the one oa«e U Is the festival of 
 hope, but, when the summer Is no more, 
 we see In the flnr.l effort of the plants 
 the pageant of triumph Indeed, but 
 also the cheery flaunting of their fare- 
 well. 
 
 We have glanced at the first floral 
 display of summer, but there Is yet 
 much to be seen, without leaving the 
 beaten road or overstraining the eyes, 
 as the days pass and the sun grows 
 stronger. 
 
 The dandelion and butter cup, with 
 their well known power to change a 
 common field into something like a 
 cloth of gold, though vulgar objects, 
 must not be forgotten. And perhaps, 
 when it Is noticed that the former, by 
 reason of its leaves having teeth like 
 the royail lion, is called "Dens-lionis," 
 and that the latter is truly a "Ranun- 
 culus," the pair may escape contempt 
 t'xcept of course that of agriculturists. 
 
 Reverting to the derivation of the 
 name of the latter flowei, i may here 
 remark that It is not only some of the 
 "Ranucull" who have their genesis 
 among little frogs. On one occasion 
 I counted not less than sixty of these 
 funny creatures, each squatting In the 
 centre of a white water lily or upon 
 one of Its flat floating leaves 
 
 The;-'* are other flowers extremely 
 unpopular among farmers, and first 
 upon the list stands the Ox-eye Daisy 
 or white-weed, which, notwithstanding 
 it has been used by Faust's Marguer- 
 ite, whose name It has assumed, and 
 by countless other maidens as a test 
 for love, and although for some sea- 
 sons it was fashion's favo;ite flower. 
 Is never likely to be really loved. 
 
 Our friends from the other side of 
 the Atlantic will, however, please note 
 that the botanists inform us that the 
 ox-eye wa« originally naturalized from 
 Kurope. 
 
 The "Oldenlandla Caerulea" com- 
 monly called Blue'ts, or some^i'mee 
 Fairies' eyes, is regarded as an un- 
 welcome weed by the owner of a field, 
 but is very pretty. It is one of the 
 "Rubiaceae" or Madder family, and 
 is a delicate little herb covered with 
 a profusion of light-blue flowers fad- 
 ing to white, each with a yellowish 
 eye. 
 
 There is an exceedingly showy plant, 
 of the " Onagraceae " or Evening 
 P-Imrose Family, which Is common 
 chroughout this province, especially 
 In recent clearings. I refer to the 
 "Ebilobium" or Willow Plant, of 
 which the stalk, from four to seven 
 feet in height, is covered with long, 
 narrow leaves, or above with the 
 large pink purple blossoms. I always 
 associate it In my memory with more 
 or less successful hunts after wild 
 pigeons over buckwheat patches and 
 stretches of rough pasture land. 
 
 I refer to but two other compara- 
 tively common roadside plants, each 
 exhibiting attractive flowers. The 
 " Spiraea Sallcifolla " of the Rose 
 
^3 
 
 Family Is a shrub which grows to a 
 height of three feet or less and bears 
 at the ends of Its somewhat numerous 
 branches conical clusters of small 
 white or flesh-colored blossoms. It 
 is named "Spiraea" In consequence of 
 its aptitude for being wound into gar- 
 lands, the Greek derivative being used 
 for other words in 3ur language of 
 which spiral is a good example. The 
 "Solldaso," >r Golden-Rod, of the 
 Composite Family is too well known 
 to require description. It derives Its 
 name from the Latin word "Solido," 
 in consequence of Its asserted useful- 
 ness in healing wounds. Some years 
 ago a fairly well supported attempt 
 was made to secure the adoption of 
 the Golden-Rod as the national flower 
 of the United States. Why the move- 
 mnt was abandoned I cannot say, al- 
 though it may have been in deference 
 to the ideas of the people of the west- 
 ern states, who probably would advo- 
 cate the claims of the "PotentUla 
 Anserina" or Silver-Weed. 
 
 No one must imagine for a moment 
 that the plants enumerated comprise 
 all the flowering plants visible from 
 a country highway. The botanist 
 knows that there are scores of other 
 species deserving notice solely for the 
 beauty and consplcuousness of their 
 blossoms; and hundreds, which, in 
 consequence of the singularity or com- 
 plexity of their forms, or the unex- 
 pected or marvellous manner in which 
 they discharge ordinary or unusual 
 functions, would richly repay the stu- 
 dent willing to expend time and atten- 
 tion in their examination. 
 
 These papers, however, as previously 
 Indicated, are not intended for the 
 
 botanist, and scarcely even tor the 
 tyro in botany, and are written mainly 
 to awaken an Interest in a peculiari> 
 interesting subject, and only incidental- 
 ly and very partially, to afford such in- 
 formation as may stimulate some 
 thought and possibly some research. 
 
 It is now my intention to consider 
 what may be not Inaptly termed iion- 
 gregarious flowers, and flowers which, 
 although appearing in numbers togeth- 
 er, select sequestered places for their 
 homes. But before proceeding it is ad- 
 visable to explain something which 
 should perhaps have been explained 
 before. Unsclentiflc persons who are 
 made acquainted with a single plant 
 are greatly puzzled when they learn 
 that It is one of a family to the mem- 
 bers of which it bears little or no re- 
 semblance, while the other members 
 also differ greatly in appearance each 
 from the other. They further find it 
 hard to understand why the family 
 name Is given to a few, perhaps to only 
 one member of the family. The rose 
 and the strawberry for instance pre- 
 sent many points of difference, yet 
 they are both members of the Rose 
 family. So too the woodbine of the 
 garden and the "Linnaea," althougih 
 apparently greatly dissimilar, are both 
 Honeysuckles, and the May-flower, the 
 "Kalnia," the "Rhodora and the 
 "Moneses," no two of which seem to 
 look alike, are all Heaths. It Is suffl- 
 cient to state that plants are grouped 
 by botanists into families in conse- 
 quence of points of resemblance and 
 common qualities or properties, which, 
 although not always apparent to the 
 ordinary observer, really exist. 
 
 It is wonderful how nature in vege- 
 
(,; 
 
 tatlon overcomes apparently unsur- 4 
 
 mountable obstacles. Ruskln elves a Sot \uekma are ye. flowers! ttoougli nuule 
 
 most happy proof of this In an exquis- '<"" Pleamire, 
 
 .1 . , 4, M A... ^ Bloomlnig o'er field and wav«, by day and 
 
 Ite description of a pretty flower nilrtht- 
 
 BtrugrerKngr through the snow on Alpine From evry source ycxor flnnofjon bids me 
 heights, but we can see an exhibition treasure 
 
 ... . , , Harmless delist, 
 
 of the same brave energy almost any 
 
 day and any place The " Potentll- Ephemeral aagee! *hat nstruotoni hoary 
 
 la Trldentata." with a little flow- *^>'- «»<** ^or" of thought could fuml* 
 
 wwptti 
 er not unlike that of the strawberry Each fading calyx a memento mort, 
 
 plant, was always respected by that ^"^ '**""* «>* ^<*P«- 
 
 most worthy and useful scientist. Dr. The Orchis Family occupies a very 
 Robb, for Its pluck, perhaps because It r-i ominent and peculiarly interesting 
 Is a quality so eminently Scotch. 1 position among the various groups of 
 have found this "Potentil'la" in the plants and as, of the somewhat 11m- 
 suburbs of St. John maintainiis Its ited number of its species in North 
 existence In a little gravel on the ut- America, several may be found in 
 most height of a cllft composed of the tills province, some of them deserv? 
 very hard«st rook. The "Potentilla," particular notice. The orchis is al- 
 whlch is of the Rose Family, is repre- most always excentric in some portion 
 sented by several species, all cour- of its form, but in many species It 
 ageous and satisfied with hard fare, exhibits (lowers of remarkable beauty 
 The common Cinque Foil or Five Fin- and. In some instances, exceedingly 
 ger, with yellow blossoms, creeping on fragrant. As most persons know the 
 the face of an arid field is familiar to Lady's Slipper, it may perhaps be 
 many. The " Potentilla Fruti- cited as fairly representing In a very 
 
 cosa " or shrubby Cllnque— Foil, which general way, characteristics of sev- 
 grows to a height of from two to four eral orchids. I proceed to mention 
 feet and Is covered with showy, golden briefly a number of Rpeciee which 
 flowers. Is not uncommonly found on have been found by myself or have 
 the shores of lakes and rivers In the been brought to my notice. The 
 province. " Glaux Maritima" of the " Gymnadenia " fNaked-Gland Or- 
 Prlmrose Family, a fleshy leaved per- chis), " Trldentata " has a slender 
 ennlal with white and purplish flowers, stalk from six to twelve inches In 
 might perhaps be cited as another In- height, with a single oblong or ob- 
 stance of fortitude, and one cannot fall lanceolate obtuse leaf below and two 
 to observe that this plant has selected or three smaller leaves above, and 
 a dwelling place very different from from six to twelve small light yellow - 
 the comparatively luxurious homes of ish-green flowers. 
 
 others of Its kind, by the shores of the The "Plantanthera" (Wide Anihered) 
 Bay of Fundy, exposed to all its "Obtusata" (Dwarf Orcliia) Is some- 
 storms, what similar to the last, but has 
 
»5 
 
 a broader leaf of a different phape 
 and does not grow higher than 
 eight Inches. I have found both of 
 them frequently, In several places, 
 once, toward the close of July, behind 
 Lily lake. I think It was on the same 
 occasion that I found, near the same 
 lake, but on the city side, a some- 
 . what rare species. I refer to the 
 " Platanthera Orblculata " (.Large 
 Round-Leaved Orchis), which Is dis- 
 tinguished for two large glossy green 
 leaves from four to eight Inches In 
 width, orbicular In form and spread- 
 ing flat on the grround; Its single 
 stalk rises to a height of from one 
 to two feet and supports several green- 
 ish white flowers not unlike long- 
 wlnged Insects or dragon flies, and 
 very striking In appearance. I found 
 the same plant in the middle of June 
 on the bank of the Nashwauksls and 
 also the " Platanthera Dllatata," or 
 Northern White Orchis. The white 
 or whitish flowers of this latter 
 species cluster round the stem 
 which, with erect lanceolate leaves, 
 grows to a height of from six inches 
 to two feet. The specimens seen by me 
 were grouped round a spring of rare 
 cold water, which bubbled out of the 
 muddy bank of the river, and the 
 combination made a very pretty pic- 
 ture, the blossoms somewhat re- 
 minding me of white lupins, while still 
 suggesting the presence of strange 
 Insects. The " Platanthera Psy- 
 codes," or Small Purple Fringed Or- 
 chis grows as high as two feet, has 
 many leaves varying in shape and 
 bears round its stalk a profusion of 
 very handsome blossoms of a color 
 indicated by its name and fragrant. 
 
 I have frequently found this flower, 
 which somc'what resembles the hya* 
 cinth, (n July and August in meadows 
 and elsewhere. Including the llttla 
 brook which runs Into Lily lake. The 
 " Goodyera Repens," or Creeping Kat- 
 tlesnake- Plantain, I have found in 
 the woods near Saint Andrews and 'n 
 other localities In August. In h'^l^ht 
 It does not exceed eight Inches luul Us 
 greenish white flowers are small. The 
 leaves, however, which cluster round 
 the stalk are conspicuous and ;i r.'ic- 
 tive from the fact that their prc\K;i- 
 ing tint of dark green in reticulntod 
 with white. I have (It'.sorib'id the 
 " Spiranthes Cemua " in the third 
 paper of this series and here only re- 
 fer to a kindred species .f p' mevi^hat 
 similar appearance, but scentless, the 
 " Splranthee Latlfolla," which I liave 
 frequently found in July near Saint 
 John. 
 
 I liave now to noti 'e four species 
 V7hlch 1:1 sr-me respects resemble ea h 
 oth<^r and which equal in Leaucy al- 
 most any plant produced in a hct 
 house. The " Arethusa Bulbo3a " is 
 described as "a beautiful low herb 
 oouslstiiig of a sheathed scape from 
 a globular solid bulb, terminated by 
 a single rose purple and sv/eet-jicented 
 flower," which is two in?hes 1 ng and 
 very handsome. It nljijvns in M ly 
 and has cccasionaliy L->'n found In 
 bogs in the provini:? nnl I believe near 
 Saint John. 
 
 The " Pogonia " (bearded) " Oohio- 
 glossoides," which is more common, 
 Is to be found !n Junv and Julv, 'n 
 bogs and has, I believe, been i;irked 
 In the Mtfipec barrens, has a sini$le 
 oval leaf near the middle of its stem 
 
16 
 
 which does not exceed rlne Incheq In 
 height and bears a sinirlo llowcr, or 
 sometimes two or three tloW'»rs, cne 
 Inch In length, light purpla In color 
 and handsome. I have n it jt'ssflf hail 
 the good fortune to .yathor either of 
 the two last named, but hav3 seen 
 specimens of both In the hands cf 
 other collectors. The " Calonojjon " 
 (beautiful bearded) " Pulchellus " is 
 somewhat similar to the " Posonia " 
 mentioned above; it, however, reaches 
 one foot In height, ha« a single grass- 
 Hke leaf and bears from two to six 
 flowers, each of which Is an inch 
 broad, pink-purple in color and bearded 
 towards the summit with white, yellow 
 and purple club-shaped hairs. I have 
 found U in June or July in the New 
 Maryland mar^h near Frederlcton, and 
 also in the marsh encircling the first 
 lake behind Lily Lake near St. John, 
 where its delicate and rare loveliness 
 was in particularly marked contrast 
 with the aspect of the somewhat coarse 
 surrounding plants. I once found sev- 
 eral spuelmens of this orchid and also 
 of the beautiful yellow violet, " Viola 
 Pubescens," In the little islands and 
 peninsulas left by the receding waters 
 of the brook which serves to empty 
 Half-moon Lake, and have seldom seen 
 such a pretty picture of its kind. Each 
 botanically was out of Its proper place, 
 but both were abundantly satisfying 
 artistic cravings in thus flirting toge- 
 ther among the runlets and ripples, 
 bright with sunshine, the one with Its 
 pink purple blossom, the other with 
 its corolla of canary hue. The last of 
 the group of four, the " Calypso Bo- 
 realls," Is a very rare and beautiful 
 plant, which I have found once only 
 
 near the Kennebeccasls river, In the 
 precincts of St. John, towards the c'ose 
 of May; its stalk or scape from three 
 to five Inches high, with a single some- 
 what heart-shaped leaf, supports a 
 large and showy variegated purple 
 and yellow flower, less than an inch 
 long, and resembling that of the Lady's 
 slipper. The " Mlcrostylis " (Adder's, 
 mouth) " Monophyllos " is another 
 orchis which I have found, but, as It 
 jiossessea no special attraction, 
 It need not here l>e described. 
 The " Corallorhlza" Coral-root) " In- 
 nata," however, which I have 
 fcund repeatedly in the CJol- 
 lege grove, Frederlcton, in June, is so 
 odd that it demands notice. The stalk 
 is light brown or yellowish and leaf- 
 less, and does not exceed nine inches 
 in height; the flowers, which are from 
 Ave to twelve in number, are of no 
 distlinctlve color, and, like those of 
 other orchids, are excentrlc in shape. 
 The roots, as its name imports, re- 
 semble coral and are much branched. 
 I conclude my remarks upon this 
 family by reference to three species of 
 the " Cyprlpedlum " (Venus' Buskin, 
 Lady's Slipper or Moccasin-Flower) 
 all showy flowers. The " Cyprlpe- 
 dlum Acaule" (Stemless Lady's Slip- 
 per) is to be found in May or June 
 in the wooda or adjacent barren lands 
 and Is so well known that it scarcely 
 requires description. I may, how- 
 ever, state for the sake of certain iden- 
 tification that its single pouch-like 
 flower Is nearly two Inches long and 
 varies in color from rose purple to 
 occasional white and depends from a 
 stalk or scape not more than one foot 
 in height, two-leaved at the base. 
 
The " Cyprlpedlum Pubescens " 
 (Larger Yellow Lady's Slipper) has 
 from one to three flowers, the same In 
 form as that last described, but pale 
 yellow In color, while the stem 1h two 
 feet high and leafy. It blossoms In 
 May and June. 
 
 The " Cyprlpedlum Soectabile " 
 (Showy Lady's Slipper), which is the 
 most beautiful of the genus, has a 
 very leafy stem two feet high, which 
 supports from one to three flowers, 
 white tinged with purple, and differ- 
 ing but little in form or size from that 
 of it.s two sisters. Its blossoms ap- 
 pear in July. The two last named 
 Lady's Slippers have been found In 
 the woods near Peters' lake, a few 
 miles from Saint John, and, although 
 rare in this locality, are, I believe, to 
 be found in other parts of the province. 
 The last mentioned orchis was cul- 
 tivated with remarliable success by 
 my father and for some years sup- 
 plied a number of Its beautiful flow- 
 ers. An attempt on my own part to 
 Induce the Kattle-snake plantain or- 
 chis to grow in an enclosure near 
 Saint John, although not absolutely 
 without result, was not so encourag- 
 ing as I desired. 
 
 a 
 
 )t 
 
 Postkuraous glorioa! Angal-lilie oollectloD! 
 Upraised trom seed or buJA) Interr'd Id eartli, 
 Ye are to me a type ol reeurreotlon, 
 A secoad bdrtti! 
 
 Were I, O Qod! In diurcftileas lands remals- 
 
 ing, 
 Far from all voice of toaohers or divines, 
 My soul would find In flowers of thy onlatn- 
 
 iug, 
 PriesiB, sermosiS. abriceet 
 
 There are several plants wtiid* btoe- 
 som in May besides those enumerated, 
 
 and of these I must refer to a few of 
 the most attractive. The " Erythro- 
 nlum Amerlcanum," or Dog's Tootl* 
 Violet, of the Lily Family, la not un- 
 common In pasture land or among 
 alders. Its stalk rises fix>m six to nine 
 Inches, supports a single yellow pen- 
 dent bell-shaped flower about one Inch 
 long, and is flanked by two eliptlcal 
 lanceolate leaves, sheathing its bcse. 
 In color pale greeti with purplish spots. 
 The " Trientalls Americana," or 
 Star-Flower, of the Primrose Family, 
 Is four inches in height, the sllgbt stem 
 bearing a whorl of delicate pointed 
 leaves and a single white atar-shaped 
 flower, and is common in 3amp w lods 
 near Saint John. The " Geum Rivale" 
 (Water or Purple Avens), of the Rose 
 Famlly,ls a singular plant, and reaches 
 a height of two feet and grows In 
 damp meadows, its nodding blossoms, 
 which almost appear as if they were 
 made of a kind of tissue paper, being 
 orange and purple. The " Iris Ver- 
 sicolor," or Larger Blue Flag, with 
 sword-like leaves and showy 
 flowers, mainly blue, but partly 
 green, yellow and white, with 
 purple veinlngs, may be found In 
 damp places everywhere, and is gen- 
 erally well known. The " Arisaema 
 Triphyllum." or Indian Turnip, of 
 the Arum Family, is usually found in 
 rich woods near St. John and else- 
 where. It is large and striking in ap- 
 pearance, the flOA'er being shaped like 
 that of the relative, the " Calla." the 
 lip, however, curling over; in general 
 color it is greenish, but well defined 
 dark purple and white stripes serve 
 to render It pecuMarly attractive. The 
 Juice of the root \b very acrid, so much 
 
 I^ 
 
iS 
 
 ,tjXfce Induced a dentist to the pocket flaps. I may mention 
 waa a better tongue that I have seen a wlM Geranium In 
 biter than any drug which he wae many spots on the road from Hampton 
 accustomed to use. There are two to Clifton, and have also found a small 
 charming sprtng flowers of the " Ran- wild Calla In marshec near the Mllk- 
 culaceae" or Crowfoot Family. Th- lah. I cannot part from the spring or 
 " Anemone Nemorosa " or Wood early summer flowers wlthont re- 
 Anemone bears a slight resemblance ference to the "Oxalls Acetosella 
 to the butter-cup, but Is much smaller >r Common Wood Sorrel, the pretty 
 In stalk and more delicate, while Its Mossoms of wlilch are too well known 
 blossom, one Inch broad. Is white, oc- to require description. Gilbert Ham- 
 caslonally tinged with purple outside, merton tells us that In Normandy the 
 I have plucked this Anemone In the local name for Ihts is " Le Pain de 
 woods near St. John and elsewhere. Dleu," an obvious reference to Its 
 The " Hepatica Triloba," or Rouiul- i.Koness to the manna, the smt.ll round 
 lobed Hepatica, except as to its leaves, thing on the ground. The two " Trll- 
 whloh are heart-shaped, and Us hlo.s- Hums," the one purple, the other 
 som, which iS blue or purplish, resem- white with purple stripes at the base, 
 bles its fair sister. I have no record the parts of each being arranged In 
 and cannot entirely trust to memory, threes, are well known flowers in our 
 but believe that the Hepatica la also provincial woods In May or early 
 to be found, though rarely, near the June, as Is also a species of the " Sml- 
 city. laclna," or False Solomon's Seal. 
 
 Sometimes you may find In a single At the risk of these papers being 
 locality several rare and attractive liable to the charge of Incompletenesa 
 species. Oiicu on the twenty-fourth of in this particular, and mainly with a 
 May a field on the northerly side of view to avoid prolixity, my reference 
 the Kennebeccasls River, about half to the later summer flowers must be 
 a mile below Hampton village, afford- very brief. The ordinary time for 
 ed myself and a little party of pedes- blossoming of the " Campanula Ro- 
 trians a pk-aaant treat. There were tundlfolla " or Harebell Is July, but 
 numerous specimens in full bloom of it may frequently be found with 
 the Dog's Tooth Violet, the Yellow flower much later, sometimes even in 
 and the Blue Violet, all before October or November. Its fiFSt leaves, 
 mentioned; the " Claytonla Virginica," which afford the reason for its L^atin 
 or Spring-Beauty, with veined rose- name, are round, but they soon wither 
 tinted blosoms ; the " Dentaria and their place is taken by grass-like 
 Diphylla" or Pepper-Root, with purple foliage. I have, however, several times 
 flowers; and the "Dicentra Culculla- seen the round leaves during a mild ' 
 ria," or Dutchman's Breeches, autumn, which the plant had appar- 
 with white and cream-colored entiy supposed was a return of spring, 
 'owers, each shaped like the The " Anemone Virglniana " or Tall 
 nether garments of a Hollander, even Anemone, which reaches two <'eet 
 
»9 
 
 ,; 
 
 In height and has a bloesom like that 
 of the butter-cup, only larger, and of 
 an opaque white, may be found In the 
 fields near St. John. The same may 
 be aald of the '* Slsyrinchlum Ber- 
 mudlana " or Blue-Eyed Grass, a very 
 diminutive Iris, not unlike Its sister, 
 the flag and the " Llllum Canadense" 
 or Wild Yellow Lily. 
 
 In the intervals of the St. John and 
 Kennebeccasls there are lilies five, six 
 and even seven feet In height, which I 
 have not classified, but which I pre 
 sume are the same as the " Llllum 
 Supurbum," or Turk's Can Lily. 
 There are certain plants which seem 
 to attempt a kind of police duty In 
 clinging to your garments or winding 
 round your limbs. The "Galium 
 Bedstraw or Cleavers, of the Madder 
 family and represented by several 
 sijecies with inconspicuous flowers, but 
 In some instaiices with pretty whorled 
 leaves, has at least one species which, 
 with its small hooked prickles, clutch- 
 es rough or even smooth cloth most 
 aggressively. The " Clematis Vlr- 
 glnlana " and some of different spe- 
 cies of " ConvonvuJus," with hand- 
 some trumpet shaped blossoms, de- 
 light in massing with the Bedstraw 
 and other plants, and presenting their 
 long twisted stems as an obstacle to 
 man or other encroaching animal. 
 Among the plants of the swamps 
 the " S*rracenia Purpurea," Side 
 Saddle Flower or Pitcher Plamt 
 with large leathery flower and pi'tcher- 
 shaped leaves half filled with water 
 and small drowned flies, Is common 
 and very conspicuous. I once dis- 
 covered In the marsh on the margin 
 of Half-Moon Lake and have rarely 
 
 si't n In other like localities the 
 " Utricularia Cornuta," or Horn- 
 ed Bladderwort, Its flowers, reminding 
 me of queer old fashioned bonnets, 
 Bnrall In size and light yellow in color, 
 
 depending from sUm reed or grass- 
 Ike leafless stems. The wild rosea 
 and water lilies are too well known 
 to require description and are men • 
 tloned solely because of the position 
 which they hold among attractive 
 flowere. The " Lobelia DorLniana," 
 or Water Lobelia, with its pale blue 
 corolla, not unlike its eultlvaited sis- 
 ter, a favorite In winUow gardens and 
 hanging baskets, is found oceaalonal- 
 ly on the margin of ponda I remem- 
 ber flndling It in some profusion at 
 ISeaver Lake. 
 
 The " Mitchella Repens," or 
 I'artridge- Berry, Is of the Madder 
 Family, and sister of the Bluets and 
 
 Cleavers previously mentioned, and 
 ranks high among woodland beauties. 
 
 Its flowers, white sometimes tinted 
 with delicate purple, are in pairs and, 
 although much smaller, remind one of 
 those of the May-flower. They barely 
 rise above the moss from a trailing 
 stem with shining rounded leaves and 
 scarlet berries, which matured the 
 previous season. I have found this 
 plant in blossom near Saint John on 
 several occasions, but never in such 
 abundance as on a suimy back close 
 to the water fall behind Rothesay. 
 
 Among the plants of the fields 'n 
 summer the " Vlcla," or Vetch, Is re- 
 presented by more than one species 
 with handbome blossoms not unlike 
 those of the sweet pea; and at least 
 tv. o species of the " Hyperlcaceae," 
 or St. John's Wort Family, with yel- 
 
20 
 
 low flowPTH and pi-riillar transparent 
 HI otH on the li'avt'.H, an- not iincoin- 
 n (1(1 n(>ar the city an<l an' worthy of 
 rctlfi*. 
 
 The " r:rl( fufc-ao." or TIcalth Family, 
 Is wi'll npr-Hontcd In the nclphbor- 
 l.(.o(l or Haint Joliti, and cfunprlscs tlic 
 Miif bcriy, tlx' rranln'rry and a nurn- 
 li( r of small sliiiiliby li(>rb.s, of whicn 
 the blossoms, although oxceodlnply 
 pietty, ari- Kencrally loss rcKanled 
 tlian tht> fruit. The " Monotrojm 
 rnlllom." Indian I'ipp, Corpsc- 
 IMant or Angid-Flowor, of this family, 
 with w.ixy white stem, loaves and 
 blossom. Is not unfamiliar to oven tb" 
 oiilln.iry obsorvor; Us sweot sconto,'. 
 sister, tho " Monotroi)a Hypo- 
 pltys," of like ai)i)oaranco, although 
 occasionally found In the province, Is 
 rare, perhaps unknown In this local- 
 ity. There are also at least throe spe- 
 Liis of " Pyrola," or False Wlntor- 
 greon, which prow In the woods about 
 Saint John, and of these the " Tyrol. i 
 liotundlfolla," or Round-leaved 
 Pyrola, Is the most conspicuous and 
 b. autlful. It consists of an upright 
 stem, rarely one foot hlKh, boarlnp 
 at Intervals a number of light pink 
 or llosh colored nodding (lowers, each 
 less than an Inch In breadth; and with 
 shining thick orbicular leaves at its 
 base. This " Pyrola" reminds me of 
 a pleasant experience, with the nar- 
 ration of which I conclude these pap- 
 ers. 
 
 I was following the course of a 
 rail fence, separating two farms which 
 lay between the Kennebeccasis River 
 and the road leading from the city 
 past Half-Moon Lake to Sand Point. 
 
 1,( avlng behind me the cleared portion 
 of the holding. 1 had entered the 
 woods and, having crossed the brow 
 of the hill, was pushing my way 
 through the branches down a some- 
 u hat steep lnclln(> towards the shore. 
 .\t last I found myself in what a 
 Stotchman might call a how, or a 
 howm, with TannahlU when he elngs; 
 
 The palrtrlcks down the rushy howm 
 S< t up their e'en-ln ca', 
 
 and yot, perhaps the most properly 
 d( scrlptlve name for the little space 
 1h a dingle defined as a hollow on a 
 Mllslde. The sunshine was at Its best 
 In this how, howm or dingle. It glinted 
 among the leaves of the maple and 
 birches; Hashed on the silvery 
 l)ark of the latter; brlght(>n- 
 ed the sombre ^reen of the 
 lirs, and cast a "powerful glow upon 
 the ground. And there, among the 
 moss and ferns and a scant growth of 
 sedges and wild grass, nourished by 
 the decay of long dead and prostrate 
 tiunks, were my little friends the 
 " Llmnaoa," the Round-Leaved Pyrola, 
 and Its sister, with waxy, star-ffke 
 blossoms, the " Monesos Uniflora." 
 There they v ere, and each In such 
 profusion thn.t the most greedy gath- 
 eier of blossoms could scarcely have 
 asked for more. And. as If to attempt 
 to improve upon a seemingly^ perfect 
 picture, a pairtrick. or rather the bird 
 wnlch we In Canada call the part- 
 ridge, with ner brood of downy llttie 
 chick.s. came out of the thick wood 
 and moved and rustled among the 
 ftrns, the grass, the sedges and the 
 11 ewers. • 
 
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