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Si, ilrt flTrtn "' "^ '''""•'''•'" »' »»>•« d^- -to .ha Act int^HluoH b, th! t .^J^;'.:^' "J " P"'--* with rZ «• being . .,cp in the right din^tio,. but thT. K . ^^ **'*^"^ »'"' ""'""«» the (iove„.„,ont h«d ..... extended ..^11,;.;^, '" "'""""**"' "* »" *»>^ Oovem^ent intended to build up .he ;;.^; t r '" '" ''"'" '^"""^ ""» '^ "c thought it would b« . mirtake .oTovrln ,1 1''^^ "" *"" '^'""' '" K"«'-n«J- «n.toad to t«ke in variou, bronche of Z o.L " """ ""^''' ""1 •"■ P'oPo-^-d ;lHn,.tel. the .hole p.,b,ie Tie^ of C.^Vdr^ :,.Tr'* '""". '""- '" "-• -^^al I bav. „l,e„d.v «t..ed. tbi. bring. „,, to he yc.r ^^7;"^ •'^^'- ~- A. n.ea.u,„ of civil «,,viee reform wa« adopted fnC. 'T r' ''':"' '" ''^''^ »'"' «"* many respect, thi. law follow, the langt^ „". 2""'"- , ^""^'" -^ 'hat i„ very -rviee in England. It .. „ meu.ur.. ^^2 la" / , "^ """'" ""''"''""' '^^ '•'vH the examination, .her... the ceep.ionZ,;" t .he ' "" '"'^' "'"'' '''-^ -"''-» very n.unh larger and that we lie to dTwUh 1 'T" "^ ""' -..."-i.."cr. are I may explain that the public l.!!^ , ' ""^""'""'" »° *»>« public service, permanent .ervioe. We ba^^ ,X ^f^: rfa""' " '^ ''"'"'J"*" ''"' '-'■»'-• -d "^ Parliament are the only public «orv ..N wh , "", '" *''" ^-"""''-^ • •'^'«""»-- tical .rvi..e therefore .imply m..::, ^Z T^ !" ^''*' ^""""- «"' ""'•■ are appointed by .he Crown. The perla Lt ivT?' "^ "'"^ "" ""'''•'• °«*--" tbe Out.ide Service. The In,ide W^ mpri el „nT" ''"'"'" *" '"«'''" "°^ the Oovemment located at Ottawa. ,h c„ Z 7 h j n'" """"■^'' departments of wb.ch T .peak wa. adopted, the numl-erT^^eef ""'■;:% "^^ ''" '"'' "' «Ppro.x,matcly .1.000. The number ho, increased I , ,' "'"*^" '''"'''•'« ''"^ years and is to-d,... roughly .peaking b ^^n 4 ,r" 7':'''" "'""" ""' P^' ^- Out.ide Sorvi.. ..j, j, ,„„..,. ,„ "' ^^ 7^" ^••">« "-d ..rxw. Wo have al«, the and Inla... Revenue .ffiecrs. PorOffi e X t^V i «^ other employe., of various kin-1. ti.e nmLrlT. ^ ' '"'"'''''' ""«^ numerous probably exceed 2.,.000 em,.lovo;; f w ^h "^ T"'''' ""! '""^ «"'-rviit> ('oinnii'«ioii. It i» u* follow »:— "There .bull be a roniniiMiou. to U- inllod the Civil S-rvhe Coinmi ,ioii. eon.i.,ti,.K ..f two nieiiiber. a|.|miiit..d by the (Jovernor in CouimiI. " The rank, .taiiditiir un<) ^ahiry of eaih <'oinnii>»inner .liall he tho«. ol n deputy head of a de|..irtii...|.t; ..n.l each .•»ii.nii..ioi„.r .hall h<.|| ufflee dnrinit >t.K)d iMhuvioiir. but ..hull )>< nmoval.le by the (Jov. rnor (lenen.l on ad.lre« of the ^ctlute and lloune of Coniinont." Wo c.i.Hider, of eourw. that the bu-ie prineiple of ...fvice nforiii ia the mdepeiulenee of the Civil Serviee Coinini.Mon. n.id we •., |y hove got it here A. you have doiibtlew oh«.ned. the law provide, a life U„,. „r the .•»muii«.ioner.. The M.|eeti.,., of the«> offieial. wu« hft to the (ioveriior in Couiuil. What we lueuii by •' :■ . Governor in Couneir* i, really the Ooven.ii.eiit of the .lay-the party iu power -a. the (h.venior in Comieil in matter, .ueh a. tlu- appointment ..f Civil Serviee Coinnii..ioner. u.ually foUow» the udviee of hi. (iovernnient. You would naturally have .uppoM-d that, in the HlliiiK of two .ueh uttrnetivc po.ition» a. those of Civil Serviee C..niini..ioner., the (Iovernnient of the dav would have .eleete , Shortt. wn. Profe.w.r of Keonomie. and Political Seienee in Queen'. IViver.it.v. one of the leadin^r educational in.titutiona of the eountry. and wu« a ma,, ho wa. well and favourably known from the Atlantic to the Pacific by rr.gon of th. ., ' th.t he had always taken a deep intere.t in publie nffair. and had U , „ ,ny year. I- en in great demand o» a lecturer on economic and allie.1 .ubj.'.t.. -Lk, ,econd commi.M.ner. Dr. M. O. LaRocheUe. wa. a prominent advocate from the city of Montreal. „ m„„ who had receiv..-! many honour, from hia university in the way of deifree., and who had a very enviable .tnndinp at the bar. rhc8o were the two gentlemen who were appointed to admi.ii.fr thi. law. The salary of a Civil Service Commissioner "< ii«5,0(H» per annum. Now. the next clause define, the duties of the Civil Service Comnii.s.ionerg. and I wi.«h yon to pay particular attention to thi. clause, because it will .how that Parlia- ment wn. .incere in it. desire that the commissioner, should have ample powers *o mal e this law effective. The powers of the commissioners, as defined by the law. ro a.i fellows: — '•The dutie* of the Commission shall be- to t'.eUvt;tdtToS„t rJSr^^^^^ r^-^"^^ ^%-'-'-- respect thereto where required under thU^ ! ' "'"''». "«"e certificates with ^^ "(b) of its own motion to i„vestt„,^- °f "''f"""*'*"''' niade thereunder; The Civil Service Act or of his Act «nd f,^ 'T'* •"?"" ^^' "P^'-tio" "^ provisions of The Cml Service Act or oflhT*" . ' "i"'"*'"" "^ ""^ «* ^he under either of the said Acts and u„„ntK ''^ *" ^J ""^ regulation made ment with the approval o7 tl; OoverE in cZ' "f f ''^ ''^'^ ''^ " ^ P""*- upon the oi^anization of the deDartml. t J?"""'^'''' *» 'nvestigat. and report officers, clerks and ether employs ^^nw' T^"'' ""*' ^'*«"«°«y "^ it' department; and in connecUorS\ /dVr Th "'*•" """"^-^ ""«'-" to the nation the Governor in Co, ncifrnV nvlst it""'""'-" ■^' ""^ *""'' "'^^^ti- powers vested in a eommissioner^reJ-Jr— r„f^¥L"U^^^^^^ by the^eommission and apprte-J^ t^VoVrr tSuS '"'"'"'^""^ "'"'^^ cmplo^mettT""-™- ^•'"" ""^ '^°>'^ «"- °ther offi^T'et^o i„ „., other to make the law cLtive As vo„ J "'TTr" ''' '''''''''^ "''^ """P'^ Po-«" tions to be held under the law ifreffr.'^r '"""'' '""^ ^^^^^^ "^ --"- li. therefore, the chara er of tC ttt^l \*";''' ''"'^""" °* ^'^^^ commissioners. the best results, ,ou cannot bame tS law l" In '^ """''^"*' "''' '"'' ""' ^'^'^'^^ it is not the fault of the law aTL n, V •"•^*»"P''tent employee is promoted. the commissioners, utl^: ::^Z^:Z^:f-^^^ ''' 'T-'' '' provision in the law to i.recludo .,.,.1. » "''^"^'^'l. it ., not because there is no sioners are expressly la ied ''th tt drt^'r"''' V"" • '" ™"*'"^' '""^ '^^'"""'^- Furthermore, if the law goven/ing the olid T «"*'"« ^'-'"*-- "^ the Act. commissioners have power to im^^tiitl T " ""' ''""^ °''^"^^*J' ^^e to exist. If the conduct a eL eX:; eTff of'""^ ^'Z ''"'''' ^'''''' '""'^ '''' factory, again it is not thn f u 7 u ^ ""^ department are not satis- e™iy ^ro;id': iript tt' it^^o Theis^ rr °' ''- --'-'-- the Governor in Council tho c„ln ''^ " department, approved by the whole, it can be f ly 1 i^r ^17 ' T' "^°" ''^ ^"^^^*'«''^^- «" sioner.. i„ addition to a Hf! f '^ "^ '"'^' ''°"'"^" ^""^'^d the commis- of the bona fidt oTp r i .::::^:/i:f f; '"'''"' "?'"" ""'"'^^"^"^''^ -'•^-- be clothed with .sufficie t " u .0 tv '^f' ?' ''"'' *'"^ commissioners should e...^race all the e^en^r;. ^^ ^Zlr ,;:;::'^- « — which would proceed^ rii:;s tti!!" T " '^^ ^'^''^ ^''""^ ^''^ «-^'^« '-^-^^ ^^^o- Appointments totVutdttw :rr t^^^^^ T"' V ''''' ''-'^ Service Commission Wo I. v, . ^ Juri-sdiction of the C:,il passed in orde " nualil fo;',,. r""'- '^""'"'•^ *'^ examinations which must be the "Prelimina^' d^ QuaSin?'"TT"« "^'-1^?'"-^^^^' «- >^"own as qualifies for lower grade oosi i! 7 . ' " ^'''"•"'""y" examination the position of ra .'way n ' ^ ^S "cLrT" • ""f ' ^'''*^'' ^^"^-^ "'^ ^'" aetcr, comprising the subjects of wri^i^. exan ,nat,o„ ,s of a very elemont.ry char- Jf .ubjects of writing, spollu.g, and the first four rule, of arith- 1 metic. The second or "Qualifying" examination qualifies for clerical positions of rarious kinds in the several branches of the Outside Service. This examination in necessarily of a higher standard, and consists of the following subjects: writing, spelling, arithmetic, geography, history, composition, and copying manuscripts. The examination papers are prepared by the stuff of examiners appointed by the Civil Service Commission. Neither examination is competitive, the list of successful candidates being published in alphabetical order, not in order of merit. The candi- date who obtains the minimum percentage of marks necessary to pass is in just ns good a position to secure an appointment ns the enndidnte who has passed a brilliant examination. After a candidate is successful in an examination he must hnvo recourse to the good-will and assistance of his i olitiejil friends, in order to secure his appointment. These examinations are held twiee a year at the same time and places as the competitive examinations for the In-ide Service. Coming back to the Inside Servioe, I shall now rend the section of the Act pro- viding the manner in which the Inside Service shall be divided :— "nasT omsioN. " The First Division shall be divided into — " Subdivision A, consisting of officers having the rank of deputy heads but not being deputy heads administering departments, assistant deputy ministers, and the principal teehnical and administrative and executive officers; " Subdivision B, consisting of the lesser technical and administrative and executive officers, including the chief clerks now holding oflSce and not eligible for Subdivision A. "SECONTJ DIMSrOV. " The Second Division shall consist of certain other clerks, having tech- nical, administrative, executive, or other duties which are of the same character as, but of less importance and responsibility than, those of the first division. This division shall be divided into subdivisions A and B. " THIRD DIVISION'. " The Third Division shall consist of the other clerks in the Service whose duties are copying and routine work, under direct supervision, of less iiupor- tance than that of the Second Division. This division shall be divided into subdivisions A and B." The salaries provided by the law for the different divisions are as follows: — First Division, Subdivision A $2,800 to $4,000 B 2,100 to 2,800 Second Division, Subdivision A 1,600 to 2,100 B 800 to 1,000 Third Division, Subdivision A 900 to 1,200 ■ " B 500 to 800 I shall now read the section of the Act providing the manner in which appoint- ments to the public service shall be made: — " Except as herein otherwise provided, appointment to positions in the Inside Service under that of deputy head shall be by competitive examination, which shall be of such a nature as will determine the qualifications of candi- dates for the particular positions to which they are to be appointed, and shall be held by the commission from time to time in accordance with the regula- tions made by it and approved by the Oovernor in Council." 7 admits only into subdivision B of the ThirH ni„- • *u • • ^«na<»«- « beinir *rm V... * 7 Division, the minimum yearly galaiy eliliLT" "''" "' '''•^* '^° ^^«" '" *»•«' .ubdivision before you a^ eligible for promotion into the class from «noft ♦« ai onn 4i. . t ^ . , .horou.h qualifications, considerin; Z iTri wfl pi';,/ '"SI'" '':"' is::;;; r"-^,?/^'^- -— - " - " ^^^ T.: exceeding hree hundred dollars, may be added to the initial salary. In the ca^ of the other divisions of the service a„ additional amount, not exo^ing five hundr^ doHars may be added to the initial sala^'. It would be just as ^ZtZ n" hi latrtL: 1 tV^T^r ■"" 'l ''- '•^^""'' ^^^^^^- ^-- these are C same time, although having reference to a different division. The subjects for the iiZturr;Zn;r '^ rr''" r ^"-^'-'-'^^ '^'^^-' spemng.Upo:i;io„ literature, arithmetic; and then we have an optional list from which the candidate mln rT .K^r'^'"*" "'^'"' ^"™^"^' P'^^-^' ^'^--try. geology („itg mineralogy), biology (animal and vegetable). French (for thos Li^ th g „era! FrerhT'i:,;: ^^-'•^•^>- ^-'•^'' (^or those taking the general exLinati t ^rench) Latin, .erman. history (modern), political science, economics, geography In7-K V .J' ^^ '^""^ examinati..„H semi-annually, in the months of May and November, at different centres throughout the Dominion from the Atlant c to t^ P cfic. An examination for lower-grade employees is held at the same ^ bu this examination is not competitive. It might be well to state that any of there'xam .nations may ^ taken in either the French or the English language, bo htng.Z as you are probably aware, being official in Canada 'anguages, we alrt^r''^''' "* *' ^"^ examination, in the month of January i„ each year we a k ,he departments to furnish us with an estimate of the numbeT Tf vacand e utr'of't %^T b'^''^"" ■'' '-' "" '''' ""-^ *^ ''^' "^ December. To^ ine purposes of the November examinations, for vacancies to h^ filial a ,■ *i, If J K . "' """" *^"* ^"" ^^^"^^ "°t^ *»•«* tJ»e examination is for a have called for in the advertiwinont Now. for example, if we advertise an exam- ination for sixty clerkships in the Third Division, we may have four hundred candi- dates writing for these sixty positions. Two hundred and fifty of the four hundred may come above the minimum standard below which we would not select but above which we would select only the number advertised. We have, as a result, numerous instances where candidates attend several examinations before finally winning a position, and it must be said to the credit of our young men that when they fail by a few marks to secure a i)osition they accept their fate very philosophicallv and simply make up their minds to persevere until they succeed. I believe they work on the principle that " what is wortii having is worth working for." and certainly our experience has been that a very fair percentage of the young men of the country of the very best type regard a position in the public service ns worthy of any eflForl which may be exacted from them. The system of holding semi-annual examinations for a stated number of posi- tions has this advantage, that you secure only the very best each time, and that you have new material available every six months. I think this feature is an improvement on the one which is followed in this country. In order to attend an examination we require candidates to pay a fee. In the Third Division all candidates must accompany their applications by a fee of $4. In the case of the Second Division the fee is $8. This sum must be paid every time a candidate tries an examination. 1 understand that in this country you e aict no fees from candidates taking your examinations. I think that is a mistake. We find in our country that young men take the examination only when they have decided to make the public service their career in life, and they have no objeciion. therefore, to paying a fee to admit them to an examination in which, if successful, they have attained eir ambition. Furthermore, the payment of a fee keeps out the worthless hanger-on who is liable to try every examination which comes along in the hope that by some chance he will eventually secure a post. This class of men will not be inter- ested in any system which requires the payment of *ees. The papers for our examinations are prepared by professors and teachers in our universities and high schools, .'hey are forwarded direct to the commissioners in a specially designed envelope, and the printing of the necessary number of copies is done in the office of the commission by an experienced printer who is a member of the staff, and who was specially selected for that position. We have thought it neces- sary, in connection with our third division examinations, to have the co-operation of our high schools. It is desirable in the interests of the public service that the young men attending the high schools should know that there are other professions besides the legal or the medical or the engineering professions o. en to him. It should be emphasized that there is still another profession which is open to the young roan who cannot get the advantages of a university education— the civil service profession— and if you have the teachers in your high schools directly associated with the work, then they are in a position to give a proper explanation of the system to their pupils, anad we have found that it works out admirably in connection with our Civil Service. In connection with our Second Division examination the papers are prepared by university professors. We have a representative in the leading universities of the countiy; that is to say, we have an examiner for the Civil Service in Canada in these different institutions. He sets the questions and he values the answers. He know, what the condition, are, and he is in a position to afford reliable information to hi. student, a. to how appointment, are obtained in the public wrvice of the Dominion. Just a. the young man from the high .chool seek, admig.iou to the Public Service through the medium of the Third Division examination, the university student or graduate who doe. not intend to qualify for one of the liberal profession, become, our candidate for the Second Division. A. I Lave already stated, thew exammatiou. are held twice a year. The positions are guaranteed. In nine caKS out of ten we assign the successful competitors in order of merit, but if a department head informs the commission that he wants a man possessed of some special qualifi- cations, we have authority under the law to go down the list and select the man who posMsses tlicM particular qualifications. We do not necessarily require experience in these divisions; we want the raw material. All we require is that each man must have a good, sound. gf,ie:.l education. Our theory is that if you fill up your lower divisions with that class of young men. in course of time they develop efficiency and you can fill your hicher positions by promo- t.on from the lower ranks. As regards the First Division, that is fenced off very effectively from the other divisions of the service. If a young man in the Third Division desires to advance to the higher ranks of the public service, he has to apply himself to study in order that he may compete against the ottsIJer for a position in the Second Division, from which division only is promotion to the First Division possible. The system of examinations I have described has worked ou.' very satisfactorily; I say this advisedly, because we have had practically no complaints regarding the fairness of the system. The people realize that our examinations are not merely qualifying, but competitive in the strictest and most rigid conception of that term. As I have already pointed out, you get excellent results from such a system as ours, because you have new candidates coming up at each recurring examination, and certainly the standard is becoming very high. In order ti br successful in these examinations, candidates are required to put in a great deal of hard work, and the young men of the country are beginning to realize that fact, with the result that Civil Service schools are springinsr up all over the country, and are being veiy well attended. I venture to think that our publicity methods have mnde known the condi- tions opernting in the public service in every section of the country. When the commission was established we had a suitable poster prepared and exhibited in the thirteen thousand odd post offices throughout the Dominion. We also had posters placed in the public libraries, universities, and the high and primary schools and similar institutions. Notices of our examinatons and of our competitions for special positions are also forwarded to our post offices, universities and libraries, so that we feel that every section of the country is beins kept well informed as regards the opportunities which are avnilable. and the oiienition of the law. Before receiving a permanent appointment, a successful competitor must furnish the commission with satisfactoi?. proof as to his age. health, character, and habits. ITe may be rejected on any one of these grounds. After appointment, he may be rejected within six months on the ground that he is unsulted for the position. He is, of course, liable to dismissal at any time for incompetency. His removal, however! rests entirely with the Government. One serious defect in our law is the absence of a provision vesting in the commission a certain measure of control over employees 10 appointed by them. Tlie coinmission shoultl have power to remove at any time an employee who is reported or who is found to be incompetent. As the law now stands, the commigsioncrs have no jurisdiction over an employee after the certificate for his appointment has been issued. Now. when I say to you that we have two systems of examination covering two divisions of the public service, it naturally occurs to you: "Well, surely young men with a good general oducation are not the only class of men you need in the public service of Canada." My answer is: "No, certainly not." We have our professional and technical men. There are two methods provided by the Act for securing men of this class. Under section 21 of the Act, it is provided: — " If the deputy head repnits that the knowledga and ability requisite for the position are wholly or in i.art professional, technical or otherwise peculiar, the Governor in Council, upon the recommendation of the head of the depart- ment based on the report in writing of the deputy head, may appoint a person to the position without competitive examination and without reference to the ago limit, provided tlic said person obtains from the commission a certificate, to be given with or without examination, as is determined by the regulations of tlie commission, that ho possesses the requisite knowledge and ability nnd is duly qualified as to health, character and habits." Fnder section 1.3, prescribing competitive tests for all i>()sitions in tli.> pn! li.> service under those of deputy head, we can hold examinations for nil tpchiucal and professional positions, but as examinations under that section iirc confined strictly to persons over eighteen and under thirty-five, we Lave quite frequently found it necessary to have recourse to section 21, in order to enable us to obtain men of experience who could not conform to the age limits or other requirements prescribed under section 13. Therefore, there is very often co-operation between the depart- ments and the commission to secure appointments under section 21, althi)ugh ii, >oiins to be the clear intention of the law that section 21 was to be the exception, and was to be exercised only by tho Government. There is occasional friction between the Government and the commission as regards the meaning of this section. The Gov- ernment takes the ground that it can place under the pro.lsions of section 21 any positions of a professional or technical nature, or a.iy position where the duties can be described as " otherwise peculiar." " Otherwise peculiar " might mean anything, but it must be said to the credit of our public men that they have never attempted to use that phrase in order to secure the appointmeni of any person to the public service who did not possess the requisite qualifications for the office for which he was nominated. They do, however, exercise the right which the law gives them of making their own selection nnd nominating to the commission for many of the important posi- Jions in the service, but, if any abuse of this privilege is atte- l, tho v'ivil Service Commission has the remedy in its own hands. IF the (Joverii .t of the day should nominate for one of the important administrative or professional or technical posi- tions a ni:ni who was admittedly not qualified, the commission would simply refuse to issue the certificate. All appointments, even those under section 21, are Ci>utingent upon the certificate of the commission. The bone of contention between the Govern- ment and the commission is whether or not these positions should be thrown open to competiti,.:i, oapecially in cases where the commissioners are satisfied that a better 11 man could be tecuml by thi» method of selection. To this dictum the Oovernment frequently demuM, holding that, if the person nominated i. qualified, it is no concern of the commisuon as to wheth r he is or is not Uie best man for the position. In connection with these special position*, if the applicant must be a natural born or a naturalizf^d British subject, within the age limits, of good health and char- acter and so on, we hold speciul competitions. The positions arc advertisd and applications invited. The advertisement contains particulars of the examination which the candidates wUl b« requir«l to take. We require an applicant to file an application, giving his name, the date and place of his birth, name, cocupati n and residence of his father, names and location of the different taucational institutions he attended from the time he started school until he finished his college co.r .■. and a detailed statement of his training and experience. He is required to g ve the names of three weU-known and reputable citizens who can certify a» t . his .linracter and habits. In addition, he must give the names of three referees who can testify as to his fitness for the particular duties of the position for which he is n ai.p'icant. In cases where the commissioners decide that an exnmination is impnicticabl.- owing to the character of the position to be fillpd. it is customary to secure the coot crntion of some departmental expert in making a selection of the best man. The m thods employed in the selection of our professional and technical men might be better understood by you if I referred to them as an " experience examination " or " non- assembled" examination, which I have observed is the title you give to similar methods employed in connection with your Civil Service. For example, if an engineer is wanted in one of the large departments, and after consultation with the commis- sion it is decided that there is no suitable test that could be prescribed, the applica- tions. after the time limit for receiving them had expired, and all other requirements had been met. would be examined by the chief engineer of the department in which the appointment is to be made, together with the chief engineer of another depart- ment, and they would make a report to the commissioners. The commissioners make their own rating of the relative merits of the applicants and. if the two reports correspond, the selection is approved. If not. the commissioners call in these two officials and they go over the applications together, and very often they come to a satisfactory agreement with regard to the choice. Other times they cannot do so. and in these cases the position is readvertised or the services of some third man of undoubted standing is called in. It is important, of course, for the future of the system that these positions should be filled as far as iwssi'ole by a test of some kind which would be satisfactory to all the candidates. Leaving too many appointments to a ptsonal choiie or to the report of the head of a department or the chief of a branch, even when such is made jointly with the commissioners, is. I think, perhaps a weakness in any system and should, whenever possible, be avoided. However, as I pointed out before, there is little dissatisfaction with the system as administered at the present time. The system of general examinations for the Second and Third Divisions seems to be the logical method of recruiting these divisions; at all events it has worked out very well. The system has now been in operation seven years. Three years ago. when there was a change of Government, the new Administration, before taking any steps to carry out its declared policy of extending the scope of the law to the Outside Service. 12 luvited Sir Ueoive Murray, who Itad had a very briUiaiit career in the public gervice III England, and who when he had reached the aire of retirement occupied the high and responsible office of Financial Secretary of the Treosuiy. to make a report on tie Canadian Civil Service. His report shown, among numerous other thin-rs. that the system of examinations inaugurated oy the cmmission has given excellmt results. lie says he knows of no better method of recruiting the public service. Now. 1 am afraid I am taking up a little too much of your time. What I have already stated in the necessarily brief review which I have given you of the main provisions of our law will afford you an idea of how appointments are made to the public service in Canada. In addition to appointnKjnts the commissioners an- ..l.argtMl With the duty of issuing certificates of qualification for promotion in the public service. On.* you are appointed to the public gervice. you cannot be promoted with- out u .ertifioate from the commission. I «h:.Il read the section of the Act dealing with promotion: — "Promotion, other than from the third to the second division, shall be made for merit by the Governor in Council upon the recmniendation of the head of the department, based on the report in writing of the deputy head and aecompanied by a certificate of qualification by the commission to be given with or without examination, as is determintHl by the regulations of the com- mission." The deputy head recommends the promotion, after cousultatioii. of course with the head of the branch in which the officer is employed. The recommendation to the commission comes from the deputy head. We hare no system of examination for promotion except for employees who were in the Third Division prior to the year m which the present law was adopted. These employees, in order to be eligible for promotion to the Second Division, are required to take an examination, which is substantially equivalent to that prescribed for admission to that division of the service. In cases of promotion within the Second Division or from that division to the First Division or within the First Division itself, there are no examinations to be passed. The commissioners re