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John Lynch, Reeve of Chingnncousy.
Hon. J. H. Cameron, Toronto.
A. M. Clark, Esq., "
Geor&b Duggan, Jr. Esq. "
John Fiskin, Esq., "
Wm. Gooderham, Esq. "
G. J. Grange, Esq., Gnelph.
William C. Gwynne, Esq-, Toronto.
George Herrick, Esq.
John Hutchison, Esq.
Lewis Moffatt, Esq.
E. F. Whittemore, Esq.
Frederick Widder, Esq.
«
«
Sectctats a^"" Cteasuret.
Samuel Thompson, Esq.
€|)lef ISnfltneeT.
Walter Shanly, Esq.
Solfcltot.
John W. Gwynne, Esq., Q. C.
Ban&eYS.
The Bank ov Upper Canada,
7
-i
REPORT.
Engineer Department, T. and G. Railway,
Toronto, 21st May, 1862.
To John G. Bowes, Esq., President
Toronto and Guelph Railway Company.
Sib,—
The preliminary Surveys to determine the most
eligible route for the proposed connexion of Guelph with
Toronto, by Railway, which were committed to my charge
by two resolutions of the late Provisional Committee, dated
respectively 24th January, and 17th March last; being now
brought to a close, I have the honor to submit the foUowmg
report upon the results of those surveys, and the conclusions
they induce me to form as to the selection of the Ime, which
I deem it for the best interests of the Company to recommend.
The reports of progress submitted from time to time to the
Provisional Committee, related entirely to one route ; that
which I have designated below as the « Central" one, passing
through North Toronto Township and Esquesing, by George,
town and Acton.
In order now to lay clearly before you the whole of the
proceedings, I will, with your permission, review stepby step,
all that has been done since the commencement of operations,
toward* obtaining what I conceived to be of the highest
importance to the success of your project, namely,-K>
thorough a knowledge of the topography of the region of
country lying between the terminations of the proposed road,
t» f
6
o 1 1 .0 ro„(„ „, Ik, „,l„,,„„i, ,!„„ „ ,„„| „„^ ^„j combinine
r.conomy ot construction n the Dro^nnt vuitu ,u
probaMe „,„„„„, „f c„„„„„o., u'SL ^'iH^kC"" '
tho woi-k l>ii> ,lr,j . , ^."""""'c lor the iniinogcment of
.0 the course If • ""^'? ""^ '''•■''"""' """■•"<^"ona as
Je„ rr , •""■"""" "' '"•• I""-""'"'' ""■" 8r.I January,
•ng, ami on J3iJ January loportoj lo llie Dounl ih.i .],.
fnhln 1 r '^'tuatec, (being a continuation of the loftv
attained. ''"""'""o Heights,") could most easily be
-y aitogeti^r !::f;:Z:^t::^^^, -
authorized to carry out my views. Doforo organizing an
Engineering stuff, I deemed it advisable to devote some fur-
ther time to exploring the opposing barrier referred to ; which
object having engaged my personal attention until the niiddlo
of February, I came to the conclusion, as stated in my
reiwrt of 15th March, that within the widest lateral range
which I felt at liberty to assume for th' location of your road,
stretching from the Centre line of Trafalgar Township, on
the South, to the Esquesing and Erin lino, on the North, there
exist but two routes whereby the summit of the table land can
be reached by Railway, within the bounds of any possible
outlay that you might bu prepared or willing to incur.
The Committee having declined to fix, for my guidance,
any intermediate localities to which the road was to bu carried,
I proceeded to select the best route, in an Engineering view,
by taking measures to establish a just comparison between
their topographical characteristics : and which could only be
arrived at by careful and searching instrumental cxamina-
tions ; because in bo ti the passes referred to, the features of
the Mountain front, elsewhere uniform and unbroken, are
there so shattered and distorted by a long series of GeologU
ca! changes, as to baffle the most practised eye to discover,
that in point of cost, either route would have ,iny decided ad-
vantage over the other ; though at the same time there might
exist such differences between them, in the outward confor-
mation of the ground, discoverable only by the spirit-level,
as would largely affect the estimate of " Grading." I ac-
cordingly organized two exploring parties, instructing one,
commencing at Milton, in Trafalgar, to run through the val-
ley of the Sixteen Mile Creek, until the summit of the heights
was reached, and so on to Guelph : the other, commencing at
George Town, in Esquesing, to follow the Valley of the
West Credit River, and extend their explorations also to
Guelph. Those two streams, or their valleys, presenting the
only "breaks" in the face of the precipice, through which a
1}
8
direct rail communication between Toronto and Gaelph,'e«n
in my judgment ever be effected.
Operations had only just been commenced, when I Wtts
instructed to the effect, that it was deemed inexpedient then to
survey more than one route— and that the Nortirerly onfr, \ih
Georgetown and the West Credit vaHey : I at ohce therefore
altered my arrangements, by withdrawing the party from the
Southern exploration, and sending it to the aid of that engaged
in the J^orthern pass, where the very great and almost unpre-
oedented ti^./^ ^,5 the snow, would in any case have demand,
ed an augm ation of the force at first employed.
The actual surveys were noi commenced until the 18th
February. On the 15th March, I reported the existence
of a practicable, but costly, route from Georgetown to
Guelph, taking in Acton.
The practicability of the ascent being thus established, I
was empowered to produce the Surveys from Georgetown,
Eastward, to such point on the Main Credit River as I might
find best adapted for conveniently crossing the otream and
valley, and thence to seek tiie most direct practicable route
to Toronto.
After a careful personal reconnoissance of the country
from Georgetown to the Humber, I directed my assistant to
guide the Surveys toSilverthorn's Mills, (Meadowvale,) in the
Township of North Toronto ; at which place the banks of
the Credit are less bold, and the facilities fof bridging better,
than at any of the many points examined higher up the stream!
From Silverthorne's, the line was continued in a direct course
to Fisher's Mills, on the Humber, and thence to Toronto,
entering the City near the Toll-gate on Queen Street, and
terminating at the Queen's Wharf
On the 29th March, I submitted the result of this " iritii
line," showing that upon that course there exists a feasibW
route, presenting no difficulties that need deter the citizen^ of
Toronto, and other Shareholders, from prosecuting an enter-
^;Wi
prize in which they had already embarked with so much
spirit.
The " trial" Surveys so far made, were sufficiently search-
ing, supposing the route to which they referred to be uncon-
ditionally adopted, to admit of the next important step being
taken, namely,— the final » locating" of the road preparatory
to its being declared open for competition to contractors.
As is usual in all such cases, however, considerable diver-
sity of opinion existed, out of doors, giving rise to much
Newspaper discussion, as to whether the one line examined
was certainly " the best one," or whether the interests of the
Company would not be better consulted, by ascertaining from
actual survey, the comparative merits of certain other mooted
routes.
Accordingly, on the 3rd April, I received a copy of a resol-
ution, passed at the first session of the present Board of Di-
rectors, instructing me to survey a line " from Georgetown
through Brampton to Toronto," or " any other line" that I
might " deem (/^.visable for the interests of the Company."
The responsibility of deciding on tlie route thus in a great
.leasure devolving upon me, I pursued the course usually
taken by Engineers undrr similar circumstances, namely,—
that of provi'ding myself w'^h facts wherewith to sustain
whichever route it might become my duty to advocate.
Such facts could only be gathered from instrumental ex-
aminations, and I accordingly exercised the power vested in
me, by carrying out what I had designed in the outset of
operations : Surveying each route under discussiofr, namely,—
the Southern one, through the still untried valley of the Sixteen;
and, below the Mountain, two others, North of the central
one already run : the one passing through Brampton, the
other through Brampton and Weston ; being desirous, m arbi-
trating between the rival locations, of placing them before you
in their true merits and in all their bearings.
Thii course was, I feel assured, the best for the interests
10
7 upon „ ™„,e:whorrr;„ti':t '■■'"'■ '"''"'•
character, as in the cas„ before ,! T "" ""P""'""
surveying the country is 1 neyl f "°f f "'"°"SWy
was also the course certain toT J'"''"'™'*'^' '""I 0"t. I,
•ory to the Board, as "irh""?""^ ""' ^"'■^•■^'=-
araongst " those wil,out"whh "J ™'^' ""' •='""""
Poimed individual intctts 1^^,' e "r ""'""''" """ '"^'"'-
oovcted pri.e has to be adjud^ ZJZ to" '°' '^''"^ "
many competitors. unuivjded to some one of
co^t raTatreSnK""^ -■"•° ^ "="' »
last four month, seemed toCf Proceedings of the
"^fore you a sicker f^rh of' I^'r' "' '"' ""^ '"^
»">iol. for perspicuity I desfefate asfollf r:!!^^"'™"' -"
Route. °' Meadowvalc and Georgetown"
4.h ■ The' "w "''"""'' ^'""P'^-Kouto.
41h, The "Weston and Brampton" Route
.'™ of L i^st na;:,:itsS:r;:;.*7;r^ r '■
ber IS common to them all th-T River Hum-
Etobicoke, . little l^^lSi^J^l^ir "-'l ''"• ' ^'
the stream i* 750 feet wide and ih ' ' '^' "'^"^^ ^^
" Grade Line" of the ^V he Ttl^C^ 'T '^^°^ '''
any point within the Citv tLlT '^^ ^"^'^'> «^ *«
oulties .0 stand in ^.^Z^ r^Z^r '^ "<«-'^ ^»-
poilX '^iTiSifr:^ '■'"' "' «--- •" "■»
close by and Sou ^ of hf Vm*7 if"'"'^, "'°^-*''
------- ---™"C:s'.;;^i:;::
11
in Trafalgar, at wliiclj point, where we are 412 feet above the
Lake, cominenco the diiriculties of scaling the Heights.
Leaving the Village of Milton close on the right, and passing
a short'Ilistanco in rear of " Peru Mills," the line follows the
general direction of the Valley, having to cross the Sixteen
Mile Creek twice within a distance of one mile, and at a least
elevation of 30 feet above its waters.
On reaching the " Third Line" of Nassagaweya, we are
clear of the valley and on comparatively even ground, but
still ascending. In the first Concession of that Township, we
reach the summh of the Table land, 920 feet above the Lake,
being just 10 miles from the foot of the ascent at Milton,
having in that distance risen 508 feet.
The Township of Puslinch is entered on Lot 18, and on
the front of ihe tentii Concession, an abrupt rocky ridge, at
right angles to the line, has to be crossed, the width of which
may be taken at 4000 feet, and its elevation above the Lake
1011 feet ; thence we have a direct route, nearly due West,
totheGuelph boundary, enter that Township at the angle
of the dividing line between Blocks C and G, and continuing
on same course to the Town of Guelph, cross the Speed a
little North of the Dundas Bridge, having altogether shunned
the Eramosa Creek, which upon every other route surveyed,
involves a crossing of no trifling magnitude.
The Central route is straight from the Humber to the Es-
quesing line, the Credit River being crossed, very favorably,
at Silvevthorn's Mills, in the third Concession ot North To-
ronto. From the Toronto and Esquesing line to Georgetown,
the course is perfectly straight, crossing the West Credit
Stream, in the tenth Concession of the last named Township,
and leaving Nerval Village U mile to the North.
At Georgetown, which stands 635 feet above the Lake, the
ascent of the mountain on this route may be said to com-
mence, as it does at Milton on the other. Leaving George-
town, the line has u direction about S.70« W., passes Clendm.
12
an's Mills in the sixth anri r
oession, ,„d «, „„ ,^Y^^^^ ^ «,,„". ^^Uon ,he fourth Con.
<•-. above George,o™, W.^riU 'r"'"'"" '"^ '"^
"-•de; I'-o only of ,he linerl^' . '""' "■«» ^"rvey,
follows ,he old course .raced bv V"'°"°o"° '' ™» "^ «*«"
'he olher, more norlherlv T '^ '"''• ^'•°"8'> '"d Well, •
Jf-o^e .wo ro„.es clttg r~r "^ """ " •^'■"'^;
Speed a. G„elph, close by A^C! ^T" P°"" °» ">= River
va Rookwood, has in everv t t *' '«"'■ ""«. tha,
other and would be .he one LLTd*^'"'™"'^^ "f ">»
C-jedu" Route come ,o be IloctS ' '''°"" "" " ^ea.
'alley of , he "Sixteen." '"^ ""'^ ■*« 'h«>ugh the
As those two routes N"o*-oooed .0
-o, both „f which have rSn '?.':";''"« °" "" »«•"
the road only. '"^"""e to the JBaslem section of
The characteristics of all ,h„
■ne." lying below the Mouni'ar'r n""' "^•"'■''™
of the .. responding portion of I^ "p'"^ ^™'''" '0 thoa,
point of directness thev are J . '^'"'™' ^'"e." In
'o the Kivercrossings.Tbo h"!''""'.""" ^ ^"^ «8»rf
•"'e ridge, dividing the Etofce'T'^'r "■"'»"'>*».
Credtt and which in both oaeslou ''""""" ""' "^ ""e
« gradten, of 53 fee. in the mile fon i T""'' "' "> "fop.
„ Ft^m the crossing of .he il n °' "'' ** ™««»
Route. .0 Georgetowl ,0 ;,^^^7, C-*'. ^ «•» Central
;ould be „ei.her very hea^; „or '"„ """"^ "' ""^ "ork
crossing of .he West Credit 1 '''P«"«ve, except at th„
■iient 47 fee. per mile. ' '"^'°"'' '"«' 'he maximum gfj
On the Southern Rontn .a
«St-.sville, . suddeTde :tt,?''''''-'«-oross,d
»». an abrupt .< step" b.„ J;' '" ' ^ ^^^-'..a'.d, f„r,he,
y- "gain forcng g, ^ «,,
ii.._.ii:L^^k'fi4&« .
13
' fourth Con.
'hich place,
"0, and 330
7 miles,
ree surveys
ne of them
ind Wells ;
Rockwood.
the River
f" line, that
ige of the
le "West
••ough the
•ared with
roceed to
the other
'ection of
Southern
I" to those
3." In
« regard
yection-
of the
o adopt
miles.
Central
B Work
at the
^ gra.
rossed
irther
to the
expedient of a 63 feet gradient, for a distance of H mile, and
even that would be obtained by reAurse being had to a cut-
ting of 40 feet in depth, and an embankment of great length,
varying in height from 30 to 46 feet. This plane added to
that on the east sid.' of the Credit, gives 4 miles of 53 feet
gradient, below the mountain, on the Milton route, against 2i
miles on the Georgetown line ; a feature, which alone, even
were the advantage in point of cost not ranged upon the same
side, entitles the Eastern section of the Central route to an
unqualified preference over its Southorn rival.
But it is on the merits of the portions lying West from
Milton and Georgetown, that the verdict will mainly hinge.
On the Southern route, the general summit of the table
land is 920 feet, on the Central 971 feet above Ontario. In
the former case, the highest point is reached in a distance of
10 miles from, and an elevation of 508 feet above, Milton ; in
the latter case, from Georgetown 7 miles, and above it 336 feet,
those two places being assumed as the " foot of the mountain"
on their respective routes.
The above figures, comparing heights to be overcome with
distances, show a balance in favor of the route through the
West Credit valley, over that through the valley of the Six-
teen Mile Creek ; in addition to which, the « rise" is more
evenly distributed over the whole distance on the former, than
on the latter Ime, where the profile presents a series of abrupt
« steps," which would cause the cuttings, in seeking for simi-
lar grades (53 feet per mile), to compare impracticably with
those on the West Credit Route ; and with similar cuttings,
we would have to put up with 4 miles of 70 feet gradient and
a startling amount of rock excavation.
In point of « allignement" the more Northerly is also the
more desirable route ; there being from Georgetown to the
summit but two gentle deflections called for, whereas the other
demands three, of much lesser angle, in order to adapt itself
to the sinuous windings of the valley.
■? Ihr f
, f'
14
!™ over ,-,0 S„„,/„;""^'P''' "'^ ^pcio,,-,, „f •„„ „ ,
"-^ """.men,,, i, ^i,,;™ *<■ - «» ''ecido.,, »,, ^e„ j" '^°" ;
--Of «!»u. 4000 fee.: :< ,= "'°-«--n -op, „„«, jfj;^^-'
^no surveys of b fJ
«"« such pJ^'h ^f'^^^^^^aJe line show. ^" ^"''^espond.
™ etrrr ™ «™* "ofrot: ' "■" '■°™" '- -„«
.be g; '' * ""'■■'' '"'fes of 53 fe« ' *"* "'"''' f" nearly 4
Lastly, As I ^'^ ^'«