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THE HISTORY OF THE

LAKE SUPERIOR RIM

AN ACCOUNT OF THE RISE AND PKOGRESS OF THE

YANKEE COMBINATIOIT,

HEADED BY

HON. ALEXANDER MACKENZIE,

PREMIER OF CANADA.

AND

THE BROWNS,

FOR THE PURPOSE OF SJU-Lma THEIR INTEREST AND POLITICAL POWER TO ENRICH

JAY COOKB A CO. AND OTHER

AMERICAN SPECULATORS,

CHAHQINa THE ROUTK OP THE CANADA PACIFIC RAILWAY, WITH A VIEW TO

BREAKma UP OUR GREAT DOMINION, aND SEVERING OUR CONNECTION

WITH THE BRITISH EMPIRK.

THOROUGH EXPOSE

OF MACKE>:/;iS'8 ANE BROWN 8

TREACHERY TO THEIR COUNTRY.

THIS PAMPHLET IS 8TEHE0TYPED. SO THAT GENERATIONS TO COME MAY LOOK BACK

WITH CONTEMPT UPON A GOVERNMEWT THAT HAS UNITKD WITH THE

REPUBLICANS OF THE UNITED STATES TO DESTROY

OUR PROSPEROUS COUNTRY.

PRI0E~$2 PER HUNDRED.

$16 PER THOUSAND.

Toronto :

PRIHTSD AT TffB OFFICE OP THE LBADER A1;d PATRIOT, tS KING STRBBT BAIT

JAXEa BEATY, Fbopbietob,
1874.

THE LAKE SUPERIOR RING.

Purity ii\ poUticftl men, like mc ality
iu iudividuuls, ia absolutely esaeulial to
the well-beiu;^- of the body politic.
Canadians havo always prided them-
selves upon the superior morality whicii
their public men have exliibited as com-
pared with that of those in the United
States. The late Parliamentary Oppo-
sition in the Dominion achieved a
triumph over a statesman, who has had
a long and honourable record, simply
because he accepted .;^n election sub-
scription from a gentleman who happen-
ed to be one of a company which subse-
quently received a public contract.
This fact indicates that Canada de-
mands a very high standard of political
morality in her representative men. On
the strength of this victory, the winning
party has assumed the title of "Party
"of Purity," with what propriety will
subsequently appear. A " Queen's
" Evidence" is often the direct instru-
ment of bringing a criminal to ju;4tice
and we piopose to show that the politi-
cal Chief of the Party which arraigned
Sir John A. Macdonald on a charge of
unstatesmanlike conduct, is himself
compromised by a far more serious crime
against that purity of conduct which
should actuate a public man.

Since the union of British Columbia
with the Dominion of Canada in 1871,
the location of the Pacific Eailway has
occupied a large share of attention
from the public, the Government of the
day and Parliament. In 1873, Parlia-
ment passed the Canadian Pacific Rail-
way Act as the first step towards im-
plementing che agreement with British
Columbia, which provided that the
Pacific leaboard should be brought into
connection with the existing railway
•ystem of Canada. In consonance with
the recommendations of the best men
on the Pacific survey, it was enacted,
that the Eastern portion of the road
■bould extend from a point at or on
Lake Nipissing. it so happens chat this
plan not only suits tho physical difficul-

ties oITered by the North-Weat to rv rail-
way, but it also diapeusess even-handed
justice to Toronto and Montreal, to
Ontario and Quebec, furnishing an
L'xcelh'Xit point (Tappni for the railway
systems of both these provinces. It
possesses the additional advantage of
aflording a secure and complete military
highway of great Htratcgic importance.
But for (he Allan Couipany relinquish-
ing tlie charter, operations would
already have been begun upon the road
on this plan.

The events of the recent brief session
of Parliament are still fresh in ihe
ncmory of every one ; the resigna-
tion of the Macdonald Ministry,
the accession to oflice of Mac-
kenzie and his party, and tlie
prorogation ol Parliament immediately
after. The veiy unusual course of pro-
roguing Parliament before the re-election
of Ministers, and their furnishing it
with no indicacion ol policy, has caused
that, during the present recess, the coun-
try is entirely at sea as to the views and
intentions of the new Ministry. On one
point, however, the Premier has com-
mitted himself, and that is, as regardt
the Government policy in reference to
the Pacific Railway. Ilis hustings speech
at Sarnia contains tlie following specific
statements on that point : —

One of the matters wliich will Vo brought
up will bo tlio Pacific liailvvay. You ura
aware that, duriDf,' iho discussiou of the
Bill, I oujected to the provision to com-
plete the railway within tea years. Nearly
three years of that time havo passed, and
we are bound by the contract to finish it
within seven years and threo months. I
have always thought that a speedy moana
of communieation across thecomioent was
necessary for tlie pood of settlement,
and f&r the purpose of opening up the dis-
tricts where we hate great riches unde-
veloped in tho bosom of the earth.
Without that coinmunication their
dcvf'opment cannot take ])l'ice,a.u6. imuiitjra
tion cannot be expecii'd. It will be thu
duty of the Adiuinibtialion, io the first
place, to secure a means of communication
to our navigab'e waters, from Lake Superior
to Fort Oarry and the Rocky Mouutains,
at the same time commencing at the Pacific
Ocean, and constructing- communicallQa

> »

THl LAKE SUPERIOR RING.

by the Westeru slope, fn themennCime,
eommnnication mil be afforded in eonjur>ction
with the American H/ief until we haoemeariH
tnfficieiit to accomjjliah the work. It we
once havt) these r( j^iocs accosbible — that
iH, Uriiiah Columbui and the North- West
Territory — we cau then iiil)rd to Mpond
money upou the oonstruction of the other
portioas of the road which will he neces-
Bary to complete our great national lii<;li-
way acroHH the contiiiont ; and I ihiiik,
Sir, it will be the duty, an it will bn tin;
doHire, of the Oovernmeut to develop anv
plan by whirli these reBulta are to bo ac-
complished."

The more signilicaut portions of the
above quotation wo have marked by
italics, but it may be necessary to add a
word or two of explanation. It will be
•een that the Mackenzie Administratiou
has determined to construct the Pacific
Railway from the shores of Lake Supe-
rior to Fort G'irry and the Pacific. Note
the urjt,'ument used, the lands in that
legicn cannot be expected to be settled,
nor the mineral wealth of the district
developed, without such a railway pass-
in},' through it. Mr. Mackenzie lays
stress upon tlie development of that pai-
ticuh'r district of Ontario, but the route
of the Pacific Railway, as determiued
upou by the Macdcnald Admlnistrjition,
was conceived on the more important
basis of mutual advantage to the older
and newer Provinces. However desira
ble it may be to settle^and develop that
section of country on tiic western shores
of Lake Superio:, a great national un-
dertaking, like the Pacific Railway,must
be planned with a view to its doing
most good to the whole country, irrespec-
tive of its Uencfit or want of benefit to an
insignificant portion of one Province.
But the argument used by the Premier
shows what was uppermost in his mind,
and hia private interests being centred
in that district, nothing was more natu
ral than that he should look at the mat
ter with a distorted vision. For, about
the aame time as he must have
been concocting his Pacific Rail-
way policy, he, in conjunction
with Messrs. George and J. Gordon
Brow^n, of the Olole, Col Shaw, Ameri-
can Consul at Toronto, and two others,
was aleo concocting a scheme by which
he could turn hit public policy to privato

I account, and make it enrich himself and
I these, his particular friends. A few
I days alter his spiech at Snrnia, the fol-
lowing notice appeared in the otiicial
Oazettc:

"VruTICE !■ hereby gi v., •n, that af,er llio
1.^ expiration of oiit^ inonlli from the
first publication hereof in the OntaiHo
Omette, a petition will bo niado to His
Excellency .iho liieutenuiit-Uovcrnor cf

I Ontario in Council, for a Charier of Incor
l)oru*iou by liPtters Patent, under the
lStatut«» of ('anHdn, puBsed in the 27th and
28th years of iJer Majesty's Himku, Chapter

i 2y, entitled, "An Act to authorize th»)

I granting of Charter.s '^f Incorporation to

' Manufacturing, Mming and other (Jon:-

i panics."

I Tho names in full of the ap))licants,

I their respoctivo places of residence and
additions, are an follows : —

j The Honourable Alexander Mackenzie,
of the Town of S;irnia, in tlu; ("ounty of

I Lamblou, Eixiuire ; the Honourable (ieorge
Brown, of tue City of 'loronto, in iho
County of York. hHtiuiro; the Honourable

I Albert Duane Sluuv.of the Buid City of

I Toronto, Esquire; William Barber, of the
Village of Georgetown, in the County of
Haltou, Et'quire ; Jol>n Gordon IJrown, of
the said City of Toronto, Rsquire ; and
Robert Barber, of the Township of To-
ronto, in the ('ounty of Peel, Eequire.

Tb'* proposed corj orate name of the
Company is the 4 A Silver Mining Com-
pany of fjftko Superior.

The objects or i)urpos!es for which Incor
poration is sought are: the exploration,
purcha.se, development and sale of mineral
and other lands on the shores and in the

' vicinity of Lake Supeiior, and mining for
gold, silver, copper and other metals, ores

I and minerals, and the working, exploration
and sale thereof.

The operations of the Company ara to bo-
carried on upon the said lands, and the
C3mpany will liave au agency ofRce, for
the transaction of business, in the City of
Toronto.

The nominal capital of the Company ia
$2,500,000.

The number of shares is J 00,000 of $2G
each.

The whole of the capital stock has been
subscribed.

The amount to be paid in before the
charter is grant'^'d is $25,'j00.

SMITH & WOOD,

Solicitors for Applicants.

Dated at Toronto, )
28th Nov., 1873. i

Immediately below this is another no-
tice of f.pplicatiou for Letters Patent
to incorporate 5 A Silver Mining Com-
pany of Lake Superior, a second com-
pany composed of the same mon, with

THE LAKE BUPIRIOR EIKG.

the same capital, nnri the name object
and purposes.

The composition of these companies
is signiflcfint. They contain, first
Alexandei Mackenzie, the Promier of
the Dominion. They contain next, the
brothers Bbown, Oeoroe and Gordon.
Then there is the American Consul,
CoLONEii Shaw. These, with tho two
Barbeus, constitute the ring which is
to float the two companies which have a
united capital of $5,000,000, and the
object of which is. the purchase and
sale of mineral iind otlicr hiuds on the
shores, and in the vicinity of Lake
Superior. Mackenzie is a man almost
destitute of capital, yet, it cannot be
supposed that he give's no quid pro quo
for his share in these ventures. As
Premier of Canada, he has deliberately
announced one of the chief objects of
his policy to be, the alteration of the
original Pacific Railway route, and his
intention to have it terminate at the
western end of Lake Superior. Herei
surely, is a tiufRcient equivalent tor any
share he may be accorded in these
t ^0 companies. By his public poMcy
he raises the value of these lands
and mines enormously, and who has a
better right to share the plunder than
the Hon. Alexander ? It is to be
remembered that, politically, the present
Premier of Canada has a lor(i and master
in George Brown, and he may have been
impelled thus to shape his public policy
to suit the private profit of his master and
himself, for the man who made him can
also unmake him.

Simultaneous with the announcement
of the Lake Superior Ring in The
Leader, the Globe, the organ of Mr. Mac-
kenzie's Government, and a newspaper
under the absolute control of two out of
the six partners of the Ring, has an
article which, we will venture to sav,
would never have been penned had the
fxoose been made one day sooner. It
goes further than Mr. Mackenzie did at
Sarnia, for it advocates the total aban-
donment of the Nipissing portion of
the Pacific Railway, and recommends,
nstead, the construction of a line along

the north ihor* of Lake Rnperior. It
says :—

The question ot communication with
the Lake Superior region is onn w« have
frequently discasBed, nnd cannot
overlook the importance of. It will
1)6 evident that the construction
of the railway to Fort Garry and westward
will make a railway to Sault Sto Marie
more than ever necassary. \.n enormouo
tratlic will BO(fn accumulate, via Thunder
Bay and Duluth, and it should be just at
much our object to attract it tlirousrh Ca-
nada, as it is to brlnK in the same direction
that portion which enters Ontario by thf»
western peniueula. There are, no doubt,
considerable difficulties in connecting the
Sault by railroad with Thunder Bay, but
they are not insuperable, and if they can
be overcome, the advantage of a linn pnral
lei with the Lake Shore, and, at aa short a
distance inland as possible, over one car-
ried northward far beyond all the present
and prospective settlement, is too obvious
to need demonstration. But this may ba
considered quite independently of the more
easily accomplished railway to the Pault,
by which the western and ii^rth weatern
traffic vould either be carried wintliwaid
to Toronto, and other Lake Ontario ports,
or eastward to Montreal, and the east-
ern Provinces. All sectional objec-
tions would thus be avoided, and
east and west would divide them,
under the ordinary influences which con-
trol trade, the benefit accruing from tha
enterprise. In this connection we, of
course, contemplate the steady progress
of the Canada Central to Frencli River, or
a point at which it would unite with the
I more northerly extension. Of the practi-
cability of a line to the Sault there can be
no doubt, ultimately, it is likely it would
become connected with American railways
on the South Shore of Lake Superior, bat
this would reuder it none the less a neces-
sary preliminary to tho Canadian Lake
Superior line, which would have au inter-
est and importance, both local and nation-
al, of its own.

From the above extract it will be
seen that the '' enormous traffic" which
is to accumulate at Thunder Bay is the
great recommendation of this plausible
arrangement in the eyes of the writer.
Could cause and effect be more
palpable :' Six men join together
to form two companies which,
in point of fact, are but one huge land
speculating organization. The Messrs.
Barber bring tlie nucleus of the land ;
the American Consul undertakes to get
the shares floated ; Mr. Mackenzie
makes the policy of the Government
dove-tail into the little scheme, and the

THE LAKE SUPERIOR RING.

BBOWi» Brothers lend tho whole influ- |
onco of their journal to make i
the Premier's policy go down with the '
country. It is a noticeable fact that no i
applicntion was made for these Letters '
Patent until after Mackenzie had sue- :
ceedcd to [>owcr.

Our case, as we have stated it, is based
upon published facts, and furnishcM u
strong prima facie case against tlie
purity, political integrity, and honour of
that gentleman. Tho pure-spoken, tue
incorruptible, (ind unblemished leader

of the " Party of Purity," before he has
warmed in his scat us Premier of Ca-
nada, rushes into a speculation, which,
by pursuing a particular line of policy as
First Minister, will make Alexander
Mackenzie a rich man for tho rest of his
days. We deduce from the facts stated —

1. That Mackenzie has determined
that the route of the Canada Pacific
Railway shall not bo as fixed by the last
Parliament, but shall terminate at Thun-
der Bay, or its vicinity.

2. That he has suddenly, and since
his accession to power, acquired an in-
terest in two companies which possess
large tracts of land in the district last
named.

3. That GEoiiJB and Gordon Brown,
who have large interests in :i great many
more Lake SuperJoi* Companies besides
4 A and 5 A arc his partners in tlicse
speculations.

4. That Col. Shaw, the American
Consul at Toronto, is one of the prime
movers in thi? affair, and represents the
American clement.

5. That the objects of this organiza-
tion arc "the exploration, purchase,
" development and sale of mineral and
" otW lauds on the shores and in the
" vicinity of Lake Supprior."

0. That the value of these lands will
be raised enormously by the proposed
new location of the eastern part of tlie
Pacific Railway.

A moment'd reflection will enable any
man of ordinary intelligence to compre
hend the " job." Mr. Mackenzie is not
a man of capital, but he is supposed to
have the location of the Pacific

Railway in his power. The

Browns are prepared to give tho advo-
cacy of their paper in support of the
new policy. The rest of tho Ring con-
sider that the success of this enormous
speculation is ensured by the Premier
and tho Premier's master bee oming per-
sonally interested in it. Thus is the
prestige of the Canadian Government to
be prostituted in the interests of land
speculators, a leading partner of whom
is the Prime Minister himself. There is
a wide difTcrence between a Premier
accepting an election subscription for the
benefit of a party, and a Premier upset-
ting the deliberate decision of Parlia-
ment in order to lienefit his own pocket.
Wc know that tlio sale of •' min-
" eral and other lands," in the
Thunder Bay region, is in the hands of
Mr. MackiJNzik's friends, and that the
friends and relatives of the Ontario
Government have been largely^ dabbling
in forfeited and other property in that
district, which they have procured, in
some instances, for a deposit of five cents
per acre. Before the maps of the new
townships were lodged in the Crown
Lands Department, the nephews and
nearer relatives of Archibald McKellar
had secured to them choice morceavx
of these delectable lands situated
around Thunder Bay. We know,
too, that as soon as 4 A and
5 A Companies have received their Let-
ters Patent, and a» soon as there appears
a reasonable probability of the new
Pacific route being assented to by Par-
liament, a whole crowd of owners of
land in the Lake Superior region will
merge their lands with that of the Ring,
and become shareholders of the com-
bination. It may well be inferred that,
if money be required to carry Govern-
ment candidates, or buy up purchase-
able men to gain a servile majority in
that Parliament which will be asked to
assent to the Premier's sc^ erne, it will
be abundantly forthcoming. In fact,
the prospective ramifications of this
Ring, and the corrupt influence which
it will wield, are enormous, and only
require the manipulation of votes in

THE LAKB SUPSRIOR VTSO.

the House of fJomtnona in order to cre-
ate Tatnmauy in Canftdn.

There have bron numerous companies
fortnfci during thi. last few years, for
the purpoHc of developing tha mineral
wealth around Lake Superior, but never
one of the sninc nature as those which
go to make the Lake Superior
Rintf. Like the "Heathen Chinee,"
this combination is " peculiar," and we
will point out in what respect 4 A and 6 |
A Lake Superior Conijiiuui d i (Ter from all I
others of their kind. All other com- '
panics formed to develop ..he mineral
wealth of the Lake 8up?ror (Jistrict are
chartered simply for working and dis-
posing of minerals, ores, and metals.
Thus the " North Shore of Lake Superior
"Silver Mining Company," which is
seeking incorporation by Act of t'arlia-
ment, sets forth their objects as "the
"exploring, mining, smelting, manufac-
" turing and selling gold, filver, and
" other ores, and metals," and also to
hold lands for these purposes, ^^ not at
' * any time exceeding two thousand acres in
^•superficies, with power to construct
"buildings," etc. In the case of the
Laki Superior Ring there is no limita-
tion whatever to the amount of land
which they may hold, and the whole
wording of their application shows that
the actual manufacture of metals is not
their real object.

The two companies of which Mac-
kenzie is the figure-head, seek a charter
for " the exploration, purchase, develop-
" mcnt and sale of mineral and Ovhcr
" lands on the shores and in the vicinity
" of Lake Superior." It is nothing that
purposes such as the above are not con-
templated by the statute under which
incorporation is sought. The Ontario
Government will strain a point in order
to accommodate such special friends as
Qeoroe Brown and Alexander Mac-
kenzie. Should they succeed in getting
Letters Patent, their purchases will, no
doubt, be confined to such lands as are
favourably located, and a favourable
location means, on the route or in the
neighbourhood of the Pacific Railway.
Tiiat the re*! object of the combination
is to speculate in land and not work

minerals is sufflciently clear from th^ U Jt
that at least three members of the ring,
namely, Mossrs. Oeorok and Gordos
IJkown and Col. Shaw are already in-
volved in innumerable Lake Superior
mining companies. This new speculallou,
therefore, must offer some very special
advantitgcs. The special advantages
accruing to the Lake Superior ring are
patent ; the location of a railway of any
sort increases the value of the land.*
through which it passes, and the loca-
tion of a railway of the magnitude and
importance of the Pacific one will give
large returns for the $5,000,000, all of
which, we are told, " has already been
"subscribed." Another great.advantage
possessed by the ring is, that the man
who now shapes.the Government policy
IS a leading member of it, so tliat ho will
not only know what sections will be
worth investing in, but he will also hn
able to determine what sections to
beaefit. The Lake Superior Ring is m
fortunate in securing tlie co-operation of
the Hon. Mr. Mackenzie hs if it had got
the Bank of England to buck it. Its
two charters will cover the purchase and
sale of wild lands anywhere in that
region, and there is nothing to hinder
it securing land at the most advantageous
points, either at the terminun or along
the route of the new Pacific
Railway, for through Mackenzie, it will
have the earliest information as to the
exact localities through which the new
route is to pass.

The idea ot a Premier putting himself
in such a questionable position is beyond
our comprehension except on the hypo-
thesis that he has lost all sense of
honour and propriety. Minister Schenck
was disgraced because of his trans-
actions with the Emma Mines while bn
was the representative of the United
States in England. How much more
disgraceful is it in the First Minister of
a country engaging in private land
speculations ©n the very spot of terri-
tory which the same First Minister pro-
poses to make the site of a great
national railway. Like C/ESAr's wife,
the First Minister of th« Crown ou^ht

^■■MBi

THB LAKE SUFIRIOR RUfQ.

to b« above fluaplcton, yet what nhdl wn
My of a Premier whoie public policy if
ihaped to adrantage liia priTatn lands 1
Had Mr. Mackbrzib been an ordinary
■peculator, watching the course of
political oTenia in order to take advan-
tage of them for his own profit, ho could
not have done n more cuaning thin;;
than become a largo atockholdur in the
King under present circumstances. But
what is to oe thought of a man who, us
^Wt Minister, forms a policy, and then,
as a private individual, speculates on
th« strength of that policy ? It is Tam-
many over again.

No one will pretend that safeguardn
against malfeasance of office are more
needed in the case of a Mayor than in
that of a First Minister of the Crown.
The law as it stands, environs official
positions with certain restrictions, and
the good sense of every civiliied com-
munity recognises the wisdom of such
precautions. Thus, what the hon. Mr.
HAOKBiiziB might do as a private indi-
vidual, he may not do as a member of
Parliament; as, for instance, accept
a public contract. And what Mr. Mac-
KBRZIE, M. P., might do with perfect
propriety. Premier Mackenzie may not,
ae for instance, speculate in lands which
he proposes to make the site of a public
undertaking. We find that the
Olobe has committed itself to
the same opinion, for the concern it has
manifested on behalf of the integrity of
a mere Prsetorial officer, presupposes a
like concern on behalf of the integrity
of a Crown Minister.

In a recent issue, while speaking of
the candidature of Mr. Manning tor the

ayoralty of Toronto, it said : —
. .Mr Manning cannot deny that he has had
an interest in the undertakings of Ginty &
Co. and that he has such an interest still,
more or less directly. Such being the
fact, undenied and unfloniablo, we sav that
it is exceedingly undesirable for any one in
Mr Manning's past and present relation-
flhips with those contractors, to be placed
ip such a pobition that he will have to sit
in judgment upon the crmnting or witb-
liolding contracts to these— his business
partn>."B, or the settlements of their ac-
counts. We ahouiri my tJie same thing of
aim<me in a likf otition. The Commis-
'■lonera ought not only to be without guilt,
they ought to he beyond eusnicioD.

With reference to Mr. MAintimi we

have nothing at preseut to say, bat, rea-
soning from the above sentiment, aa we
would from a given geometrical angle,
we find an ondorsAtlon of our utterances
in reference to the equivocal position of
Mr. Albxandbu MACKBMznc. That gen-
tlcman is " one in a like position," aqd
we say, ^' & Premier ought not only to
' ' bo without guilt, he ought to be beyond
' * suspicion. " It is i .disputable that the
Premier of Canada has applied, in con-
junction with five others, for Letters Pa-
tent to incorporate two companies, hav-
ing for their object, " the purchase and
*' sale of mineral and other lands, on the
"shores, and in the vicinity, of Lake
"Superior." It is equally indisputable
that Mr. Mackbmzic, in his capacity of
P-imo Minister, has declared his intcn-
ticm to upset the original route of the
Pacific Railway, and bring it, instuad of
to Luke Nipisfling, to Thunder Bay. It it
equally certain that, if this policy be car-
ried into effect, he and his fellew
speculators will make enormous private
gains out of his public policy. It rs sig-
nificant, as we have already sold, that no
application was made to incorporate
this ring until Mackenzie's accession to
power. Surely, therefore, the Olohe
must agree with uo that, if Mr. Manning
(supposing the charges against him to bo
as substantial as those wo have advanced
against the Prjmler,) is to be excluded
from the Mayoralty on the ground*
stated, Mr. Mackenzie is equally unfit
to hold the position ho at present occu-
pies. Quod erat demonttrandum.

The conduct of Mr. Mackenzie, in
turning his public position to his own
private advantage, has a striking paral-
lel in the annals of Canada. There is
ua instance in which a former Premier,
within a tew hours of his accession to
th.it dignity, (and, as it proved, within
a few hours of his abdication,) worked
the oracle with a certain bank on the
strength of his Premiership, and raised
a loan of $20,000 on behalf of the pri-
vate firm of which he was the leading
partner. We have not to draw upon the
memory of "the oldest inhabitant" for
I this fact, which was notorious at the

iLMEBIOAN mTRI&UIfi.

t|m«, and it is a somewhat singular cir-
euiBstaiice that the man who conld " do
"such atbiug," was Qboroe Bhown, the

«atron of Aluxandbii Mackenzie, and
is pfjrtner in the Lake Superior Ring !
Ai<EXANnBR Mackkmzib never made a
gMater mistake in bia life than when he
ooosentea to have a finfj^er in these Lake
Superior land speculations. It may be
that he wr<s trapped into them by his
political dictator, but on himself must
fail the chief ignominy of the scandalous
business It Is right and proper that we
nhould be chary of thinking evil of our
rulers, and suspecting sinister motives in
every word or action of our political op-
ponents. But, at the same time, it is
the duty of Canadian publicists to sec
that a decently high standard of politi-
cal morality obtains amongst our politt-
oians. Our political opponents have been
labouring hard during the past year
to establish what they claim to bn a
pioper standard of motalu for public
men, and the defeat of the Macuonald
Administration, because its chief accept-
ed an election subscription from Sir
HuoH Ali AN, may be reckoned a tri-
umph to political morality. Yet, now
that this standard has been obtained,
why shouM it be lowered by the chief of
the very party which lays claim to hav-
ing raised it? The essence of the odium
established against Sir John A. • Mao-
OiHTALD was, that, having accepted a
large election subscription from Sir
HVQB. Allan, it was not in human
nature fpr him not to be influenced in
favour of grant- ng the Pacific Railway
Charter fo the Company of which Sir
HuQH was a leading member. The es-
sence of our charge agaiuat Mr. Mack-
RNziE is, that the, pnvate gain which

will accrue to him, h\ locating *hm
liiastem terminus of the Pacific Riilw^
at Thunder Bay, instead of at Lake
Nipissing, has influenced his public
policy. It mu»it he clear to every one,
who has taken cognizance of both mat-
ters, that theiritfreatt of the Lake Superior
Ring are far more intimaUly eonnteted
■with the, I'acy/ir. Railway policy of Mr.
Mackenzie, than the granting of the late
charter was with the tnhneriptione giten hy
Sir HuoH Allan towarde th^ Blediian
Fund.

We have viewed Mr. MackekzieVi
conduct in this matter by the standard
which the name gentleman and hta
friends applied to Sir John A. Macfok-
ALD. We have estimated it by the
standard applied by Mackenzie's org^n
to a candidate for the Mayoralty of
Toronto. We have examined it in the
light of political propriety, honesty, and
good faith towards trie country, and in
(Bach and all of them we have found Mr.
Mackenzie's conduct open to reproba-
tion. Nor have we doue with the mat-
ter yet. The Government, of which Mr.
Mackenzie is the head, has never yet
stood face to face before Parliament.
Even if there were not naif a dozen
complications, each of which is likely to
shake the stability of the present Oor-
emment, the disgrace which must attach
to this conduct", on the part of t^e l*r«-
mier, is sufiicient of itself to depose bim
from the position ho has already dill-
graced, by seeking to turn it to his
private and peouniary advantage. What-
ever indiscretion may have teen com-
mitted by Mr. Mackenzie's predeceisor,
he certainly did not set him an exai^i^fl
of this sort.

AMERICAN INTRIGUES.

Wb gi^e below a remarkable letter
ifom a correspondent, dated October
nth, respecting the o[»erfttions and
intrigues of the Northern Paciflc
Bailway speculators, «nd which con-
cern Canadians a great deal. Conjoint-
ly, there is a lucid description of tho
causes which led Mr. Huntington to
bring the now famous charges known as
the " Pacific Slander " against Sir John
A. Macdonald's Government. For some
time past we have been endeavouring to
get hold of the motives that actuated

the Americans, and the supporters of
the present Government, to bring for-
ward the manufactured charges whieh
were promulgated with such » flourish
of trumpets in every direction. If
the letter, which we give below
does not effectually clear away the
mists of that " conspiracy," organised
against Sir John A. Macdonald's Govern-
ment, it certainly does establiah, beyond
tb ) possibility of a doubt, that the
American game was well arranged, ftpd
thatl^.. HcNTiNQTON and th« Tp;w9to

AMERICAN INTBIGUES.

organ of the OoTernment, together with
the Htrald of Montreal, were subsidizec"
or influenced from that source. Our cor-
respondent's letter was written on the
11th of October, about a fortnight before
the Parliament of Canada met At Ottawa,
and therefore written in ignorance of
sabseqnent events. Novertheless, it is
eyident all through, that the scheme, so
graphically described shows out the
natuve of the machinery which was put
in operation to accomplish the defeat ot
Sir John A. Macdonald's Government.

♦

Chicago, Oct lllh, 1873.

To the £dltor of Thk Leapib.

Sir — As per request I enclose you a
brief history respecting the Pacific Rail-
roads. A charter was granted by the Con-
gress of the United States to one Perham,
of Boston, Mass., some years since, to
build the Nonhorn Pacific Railroad, but
Perham failed to raise the necespary funds,
and nothing was done in the line of con-
struction.

After the termination of the civil war the
Manroe doctrine of the universal domin-
ion of North America was somewhat re-
vived. Russian America was purchased,and
nothing remained to fence in and con-
trol the whole Pacific Coast but the
western territories of Britiab America,
which must be got, and taken on settle-
ment of the Alabama claims. Encouraged
by the belief that the northwestern British
fertile belt and low pftsses could be ob-
tained in settlement of these claims, or by
uome other means connected with them, a
party of New Englanderfl. headed by
Smith, the President of the Vermont Cen-
tral Railroad, and Judge Rice, the railroad
king of Maine, conceived the plan of pur-
chasing the old charter and of
having it amended by Congress in such
a manner as would enable them to run the
road through this British territory, so
soon as it became the property of the Unit-
ed States. The charter was purchased
from Perham & Co ; and amended by Act of
€'* egress, {tee act) as desired. The neces-
sary legislation an i power being thus
secured, the road was to be built in a
north-westerly i^irection from the west
end of Lake Superior to near Dinie's lake
in north-eastern Dokota. Then to the
British boundry near the Sorria, or Moose
river ; following the same north-westerly
course to the Sascatchewan river. Then
along the fertile belt, and low passec of
British America to the Pacific ocean. The
cityofDuluth was laid out at the eastern
terminus of the road at the west end of
Lake Superior ; intervening harbours
and other expensive improvements and
^xploratijns were commenced in a north-

westerly direction from the new city, bat
the eastern portion of Minnesota
proved impracticable and the road
had to be built nearly due
westerly from Duluth to near Otter-
tail Lake, then the direct westerly Hue
down the valley of the Ottertail River was
abandoned, and a north-westerly course
across the Leaf Hill to Detroit and Oak
Lakes and Red River, to the north of
Georgetown, thus returning to the Devil's
Lake and Saskatchewan route, &c.

In the meantime, the assistance of the
Hon W B Ogden, of Chicago, was secured.
He became a member of the board of
directors, and induced Jay Cooke, the
emment Pennsylvania banker, to become
the company's fiscal agent. By this ar-
rangement the company secured credit
and means, which enabled the company to
commence the construction of the road.

In the meantime, the company issued a
prospectus of its road, accompanied by
maps of the whole North- West country.
Great Btre»s was put on the fact that the
whole business of the North- West would
flow into the bosom of these roads, as no
railroads could ever be built to the
north of the North Pacific Railroad, and
that the city of Duluth, its tcrminns,
would become one of the greatest on the
continent of America.

In 187C a contract was let for the build-
ing of the road across the north part of
Minnesota to the 'led River of the North,
upwards of 230 miles, which was to be
completed to the Red River by the Ist of
July, 1871. Tho work of construction was
commenced and pushed rapidly during the
fall and winter of 1871, up to the month of
April, 1871, when the track had reached
Crow Wing River, 20 miles west of the
Mississippi River, and the grading was all
biit completed to Oik Lake, ni point about
40 miles east of Red River.

Meanwhile the Alabama controversy was
assuming a more amicable aspect. The
British, instead of giving them the North-
west country in payment of their claims,
became earnest in the building of a Canada
Pacific Railroad to the north of the North-
ern Pacific and Lake Superior. Thus the
sale of the Northern Pacific Railroad
bonds, which had been selling rapidly,
ivas being effected principally in conse-
quence oi the aspect which matters had
assumed in British matters since the pros-
pectus was issued.

The Company was obliged to abandon
its contemplated route through British
Territory, and the contractor who had
proposed to do the primary work to the
west of Oak Lake, which could not be
done in winter, was stopped in April, 1871,
and was not allowed co commence work
until after a new route was explored,
and located directly north from Oak Lake
to the R»d River, 12 miles south of George-
town, and then run to the Missouri river
(leaving Devil's Lake, and the Moose river

AMERIGMkK IVTRIC^UIS.

the old roate, from 140 to 160 miles to the
north), which was late ia July ; whep the
contractors were put to work on the new
location. The road was qpmpletod to Red
River December 30, 1871, and the line
reached the Misaoari in May last. Nothing!:
has been done ou the east end sinco that
time. The fears of a rival road to the nortli
•tc, has surely effected th« sale of lands,
hence the necessity of the Northern Pacffic
jfotting control of «he manogament of the
Canada Pacific ; and hepce the arranpjn-
ment of private individuals in the interest
of the Morthern Pacific with SirHuofh Allan
— by which it was hoped to control the
whole thin^, bo far as location and busi-
ness was concarned, or other matters con-
nected with tiie project, and thus bow its
construction, unless it can be run to Sault
Ste Marie, and then through Michigan and
Wisconsin on the south side of Lake E;i-
perior to Duluth,

A railroad built through the dense
forests from the Ottawa River to the Red
River of the north on the north eide of
Lake Superior, would furnisli Manitoba
and the British North western provinces
with timber and the means of spttlement
at once, which would keep the Northern
Pacific high dry lands in Dakota out
of the market for years. The road built
on the south side of Lake Superior wo -Id
deprive the British of tbR<t advantage, and
give the Northern Pacific lands the first
settlements.

In order t> pncifv the half-breed settlers
ot Manitoba a railroad was partly built
from the North Pacific Railroad near More-
head on the Red River to Pembina, at the
British boundary, and from fhence by the
aid of a locft ; but as the prospects of the
British road to the north increased, the
Pembira Railroad dwindled down and
finally died out, and lost its land grant,
after about 100 miles was laid. If the
Canada Pacific was built from Ottawa on
the south side of Lake Superior to Duluth,
there is no doubt but the company and its
•onnectijns, with the preparations and
connections contemplated, could control
the north-western business through to the
Atlantic via the New England routes, as
the majority of those leaving Duluth by
the lakes would be billed to Og-
densburg, in the State of New York,
to Rouse's Point via the Ogdensburg
and pake Obamplain Raihoad, wMch
is leased by tho Vermont Central
Thence to Boston, Massachuscttji, via the
Vermont Central and its connections, as
well as to Portand Maine, by a new raii-
road, now in course ot c^nstructiou, from
Portland to Ronao's Point. The North
Pacific mfanagers, foreseeing that a rail-
road between the City of Ottawa, the
capital of the Dominion ; Eanor on the
south side of Lake Superior, would divert
some business from the Canada Southern
route to Ottawa, then to Montreal, and
the Maritime Provinces — have, through

the aid of D. S. Macdouald. of Alexand;i«,
Ontario, securod tho moanfl of tapping
this at Ottawa City, by a railroad diract
from Ottawa 8outh-oa,sf, to near the head
of the Beauhnrnois (!annl, where the St
liawrenco Rivor can bn bridced at a very
narrow place in the I'apids. The Mon-
trealers have been protesting agr.inst the
construction of tho bridge, but it is be-
lieved a little money properly applied, will
remove this difficulty ; from thence the line
runs straight on a line to Rouse's
Point and connects with tlio Vermont Cen-
tral and with the new Portland Railroad.
Unfortunately, after these comprehensive
arrangements were matured and work com
menced on the necessary connecting linki
the Dominion Government, headed by
Sir John A Macdonald, reftreed to al-
low the Rirangements between the
friends of the Northern F'acific to take
effect, or allow them to have anything
whatever to do with the management of
the Canada Pacific. In the meantime the
sale of the company's bonds was fallinf,'
off, but the prospects of the future were
improving. The dissati.sfied but scattered
political elements of the Dominion were
beiyg combined against the Macdonald
Government. The general elections of the
Dominion would come off in the fall,
when it was hoped a Ministry that would
be favourable to the Allan arrangement,
or, better still, opposed to the Canada Pa-
cific Railroad, would ba installed in ofiJce.
The elections were the most exciting and
closely contested that ever took place in
Canada. Large sums of money were ex-
pended. Parliament met, each party
claiming a majority, but a few votes prov-
ed the Macdonald Government very
strong.

Previous to the meeting of Parliament,
the MacdonnVl rJovornment made arrange-
ments for building the road on the north
side of Lake Superior, witli new parties
(Allan being the only one of the old), all
British subiects.

In the meantime, Allan had gona to
Euiope, to make financial arrongements
for the construction of the road, which
was to be completed in aboat eight years.

The case of the Northern Pacific was
getting serious. Allan's success, and the
building of the Canadian Pacific would all
but ruin the Northern Pacific, ou which
nearlv $30,000,000 had been expei ded.
Jay Cooke and associates were loaded
down with bonds, and almost beyond tho
hope of relief ; indeed, ruin was staring
them in the face. Confequently, some-
thing had to be done at once to bar
Allan's financial schemes in Europe,
Therefore, the cry of fraud was concocted,
generally now known as the Pacific Scan
dal. An unscrupulous agent was wanted,
a member of Parliament who could make
the charge of corruption acainst the Mac-
donald Government and Allan on the floor
of the House of Parliament. One Hiint>

AMERICAN INTRIOU18.

fngtoD, of Waterloo, Province of Qebec,
—who hai been interested in the Cbambly
•nd Bhefford and Canada and Vermont rail-
road, with Senator Fester, of the same
place, and reported to be now connected
witb Senator Foster in contracts on the
Rouse's Point and Portland railroad — had
DO scruples about making: the charges in
his place in Parliament, with a view of up-
setting Allan's schemes ; but sur Canada
friecuB improved on the orij^inal plan, and
proposed to oust the obnoxious Macdonald
Qoyemment on the charges. Accordingly
the charges were made by Mr Huntington
in sach a manner as to become a vo^e of
want of eonfidence in the Government.
The resolution demanded a committee
of invostigation, which would not
be needed provided the resolution
passed, as then the Government
would be in a minority, and would have
to resign at once); but to the astonishment
of the Premier and his colleagues the
resolution was rejected by a large ma-
jority, and without reply, debate or com-
ment. On the following day the Premier
presented and passed a similar resolution,
and carr'ed it, and appointed a committee
to investigate the Huntington charges.
TTiis course alarmed those who wore in
the secret, as they knew ther« was no
foundation for the charges, and that they
had no evidence which would sustai-i the
charge, consequently every possible ob-
stacle was put in the way, in hopef of
i^voiding the investigation. Never tiie]k<BS,
the committee was appointed, but owin?
io some legal difficulties the investigation
^d not come off at the appointed time.
This was Just what wn.s wanted. The
hue and cry was raised, the Government
is guilty, it d^re not face the investiga-
tion. It had based the investigation on
pretences which are fake. The corres-
pondence between Allan and McMullen
tirtm published all over the country, ac-
companied with the most damaging
comments which could be devised.
The former resolution was telegraphed
•n over Burope.followed by this letter and
comments, and had the desired effect.
They barred the money markets of tlie
world against Allan ; and thus the failure
of Allan to proceed with the Canada Paci-
fic may. possibly lead to the overthrow of
the Macdonald Ministry, and the enthrone-
ment of our friends in their places at the
be«d of the Dominion Government. If
once in power they can strengthen
themselves, and retain ollce until the
North Pacific gets out of trouble. This
can be done by subsidizing small local
railroads in the outlaying praries and mak-
ing members of Parliament privately in-
terested in them, on condition of gaining
them their support in the House on all
test votes. The general public can be
aiDused and kept quiet for a considerable
fUne, by long speculators, on the prepar-
A^ons, which are necessary, and which are
being made, for the commencement of the
worki of the Canada Pacific.

Thus, after a while the oat-layinf ptr^~
vinces, disappointed in not getiia^lthe
Pacific railroul, will probably b«dom« dfi-
satisfied, secede from the Dominion Mid
annex to the United Statee, where the
Pacific roads are already boilt, in the hope
that with thai change of master, they
will also get a Pacific railroad throagh the
country in which they live.

The Eastern Provinces finding them-
selves without a Pacific railiDad and
deserted by the Western Provinoee, and
North- Western basinees transferred to the
States, they will ultimately annex in the
hope of realizing some of the Cudvanta-
ges. Thus the Monroe doctrine, for which
the late Secretary of State has done eo
much by the purchase of Russia America,
may be accomplished withont the use of
a gun ; excepting the parliamentary gune.
While the management of the NorUiani
Pacific is under the care of, men who
can barr (as they have done), the financial
arrangements of the Dominion Govern-
ment in Europe, and where plans and in-
fluence may yet oust the Government, the
Northern Pacific has nothing to fear
with the Macdonald Government ousted.
The Canada Pacific will be squelched and
will never be built by the Dominion.
Me::.awhile the Northern Pacific will be
proceeded with vigorously, as well as the
country roads referred to, from Ottawa
City to Rouse's Point, &c., &c., which
can be completed in a short time, when
the business can be transferi'ed to the
New England seaboard, as already de-
scribed. Take a good map of the North-
west, .ad trace the lakes and riven
from Duluth to Ogdensburg, then the
railroads to Rouse's Point and Boston,
Mass., and the railroad for Rouae'e Point
to Portland, Maine, and the railroad from
Ottawa to Coata, and thence to Konse^s
Point, and you will see a panoramSi of
the whole system and plan by which
the whole traffic is to be drawn from
the Canada Dominion, westward of Mon-
treal.

HISTORICUB.

Is it possible, we ask, that Mr. Maukek-
ziE, the Premier of Canada, wus ignorant
of these scandalous intrigues of the Ana-
erican King controlling the Nori;hern
Pacific Railway ? Or is it possible
that the several Railway Companies
working in concert through the agency
of American Consuls, and such men as *
Messrs. Htjntcnotok and Holton, had
paid agents going through Canada to
corrupt the electors, in order to bring
about the defeat of Sir John A. Mac-
DONALD'S Railway Policy ? Surely, Mr.
Mackenzie must have been aware of the
movements going on, to circumvent the
truly loyal policy of the late Govern*

AMERICAN INTRIGUES.

i»

mont, in excluding Americans and
American influence from the Canadian
Pacific Railway. When we read Mr.
Mackbnzib's speech, as published in the
Qovemment organ, in which he is re •
ported to ha\e declared that he was not
awa(e of a single dollar of money to
to have teen expended improperly
by his. party, we hesitated whether
to believe that assertion or not. But
when we discovered, through the Ontario
Official Oaxette, that Mr. Mackenzie,
the Premier of Canada, was actually
associated with Gkokgis Brown, and
J. Gordon Brown, his brother, with
Mr. Bhaw, the American Consul, in this
city, and the Messrs. Barber, manu-
facturers, -ye could hardly believe
our eyes. Lastly, when we learned
from the lips of Mr. Mackenzie
himself, the Premier of Canada,
what was the intended Railway policy of
the Government, and afterwards found
the Government organ advocating that
policy, it was more than charity or
human nature would admit of, to believe
in the purity or honesty 6f Mr Mac-
kbhzie's professions. Beyond all ques-
tion of doubt Mr. Mackenzie is impli-
cated in this transaction, and must be
one of the *'Ring" of conspirators who
are, and who have been, engaged in the
unholy and treasonable scheming of the
American railway conspirators, named
in our correspondent's letter, to defeat
the Canadian Pacific Scheme, and ulti-
mately to bring about the separation of
Canada from the British Empire, and
finally annexation to the United States.

It is not possible for any of the gen-
tlemen engaged in this railway crusade
against the late Government to escape
from the position which they are placed
in. We are very sure when this con-
spiracy is understood by the people of
Canada, they will make short work of
Mr. Mackenzie's authority as Premier
of the Government. How is it
possible for such a man as Mr.
Blake, with his blatant loyalty
eternally on his lips to escape from the
censure which his connection with
Amwicans, and American agents, must

expose him ? Mr. Blake, as much as
Mr. Mackenzie, must have been cognis-
ant of the American intrigues, Mr.
Blake, as well as Mr. Mackenzie, must
have been in Mr. IIuNtmoTON's confi-
dence, and if so, in the light of theae
revelations, how is it possible for them
to evade the charge which we fearlessly
and confidently prefer against them in
relation *o this matter ? One and all of
these men arc traitor.', are disloyal to
British connection, and the worst ene-
mies of Canada. That Canadians, as a
body, are loyal to British connection,
and will not part with an atom of our
rights as British subjects we know,
therefore we arc content to allow these
enemies of Canada, these canting hypo-
crites to go on for a time, until their
scheming is exposed in Parliament,
when the people of Canada will be un-
questionably aroused to the danger
which they have been, and are exposing
us to. There will be a terible awaken-
ing some of these days and we doubt
much if the country will escape without
going through the baptism of civil
sti^fe, something like occurred in
1887-38.

These men will die hara. They have
sacrificed virtue, morality, principle,
truth, country, everything in fact, to get
hold of the re' "j of Government, and
now that they ha- 'e succeeded by means
of foreign gold and American infiuences,
it is not an improbable nor an impossible
supposition, that they will create rebel-
lion rather than surrender the ^^ositions
they occupy. The Government organ
has boldly declared that the Governor-
General is a useless appendage of our
system of Government, and this declara-
tion amounts, in eSectj to a foreshadow-
ing of the policy to be introduced by-
and-by to bring about the separation of
Canada from the Empire. If this be
aimed at, and it is impossible to form
any other opinion from recent events ;
it is inconceivable to suppose that the
masses of ^-he people will not resist such
a movement if nsccssary, at the expense
of their lives. Then a civil war must
follow, and we have our fears that tlSM

AMERICAN INTRIGUES.

would be the alternative in the event of
the present Qovemment attempting to
ctrry out the programme which they
My guided them when in Opposition.
The Premier is responsible for
■tatlng this fact, and when we
refer back to take survey of

that programme, means, if it

meant anything, precisely what wc state.
Let us ask Canadians whether they are
prepared to play into the bands of the
Americans or not, on the verge of
completing the establishment of our
country, in which are all the elements
of wealth and future greatness? A
country abounding with every descrip-
tion of agricultural, mineral and com-
mercial facilities, superior in every
respect to any part of the United States.
Are the people of Canada prapared to
give away those advantages in order to
preserve for Americans the safety of
Hepublican institutions in the United
States Americans begin to realize that
they cannot remain very many years
longer in the ascendancy on this conti-
nent, and even the Government of that
country is secretly intriguing^, through
their paid agents, such as Consuls, &c.,
in promoting and Inciting disaffection
amon j^st Canadians to the Mother Coun-

try. The present Government aro the
tools used, in the ptesent instance, to
work out this design, and as sure as any-
thing can be, unless an early and a de-
termined stan^ is made to maintain oar
connection with the Empire, by resisting
at the polls, in Parliament, and
ever]rwhere else, this scheming and
treacherous conspiracy, nothing can
prevent the decision of these issues, in
the not very distant future, but the
itacrifice of valuabte lives, the destruc-
tion of our property, and the paralyzing,
jf not itbe ruin of our country
in civil striJPp. What do all the
violent harangues and disloyal ut-
terances mean which we have heard,
and wbic'h appear from day to day in
the columns of the Qovemment organ in
this city, olnd in the columns of its kind-
red newspapeis throughout the country f
Certainly they cannot mean anything
if they do not mean thisi Then we en-
treat the peo^e, the loyal and patriotic,
to bestir themselves in resisting every-
thing that may tend to foster or en.
courage the sowinig of this disloj^l seedi
which is, sure to grow unless it is stamp-
ed out befoVe it has obtained vitality
vaA st.ength.

rtiBtod Kt Tn IduSM omw^ II XlBC ItnM lut, XoxwtOk Oat

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