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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, CANADA Hon. Frank OiivtB, Minister : W. W. Coht. Daputy Mini*t«r FORESTRY BRANCH— BULLETIN No. 11 R. H. CaUPBKLL, Superintendent of Furentrr FOREST PRODUCTS OF CANADA 1909 LUMBER, SQUARE TIMBER, LATH AND SHINGLES COMPILED BY H. R. MACMILLAN, B.S.A., M.F. OTTAWA GOVERNMENT PRINTING BURKAU 1910 '-)■/» DEPARTMENT O^ '^TIE INTERIOR, CANADA Hon. Frank Ohvem, ler: W. W. Cobt, Deputy Minister FORESTRY BRANCH— BULLETIN No. 11 R. H. Campbell, Superintendent of Forestry FOREST PRODUCTS OF CANADA 1909 LUMBER, SQUARE TIMBER, LATH AND SHINGLES COMPILED BY H. R. MACMILLAN, B.S.A., M.F. OTTAWA GOVERNMENT PRINTING BUREAU 1910 O0U25O56 LUMBER, SQUARE TIMBER, LATH AND SHINGLES. The sUtittics of the larober cut in Canada in 1909 are bawd upon reports made directly to the Forestry Branch of the Department of the Interior by 2,085 operating sawmilld. The reports are made on sohedulee furnished by the y >re8try Branch and cover the .calendar year 1909. The cb-operation of the secretaries of the different lumber manufacturers' associa tion» has made po^uiible the securing- of complete Hsu of sawmill operators The assist- ance rendered by trade papers, prominent lumbermen, provincial, county and township officials has kept this list up to date It is probable that the increased nuwber of mills reporting in 1909 (2,086 as compared with 1,409 in 1908) is due more to the success of the Forestry Branch in getting in touch with small mill operators, than to a greatly increased activity in lumber manufacturing. The figures for 1909, then, may be Uken as more nearly indicative of Canada's annual lumber output than those for 1908. The 1909 reports are, without doubt, close to the truth and the most accurate yet received in Canada. There are still a number of small mills not reporting, particularly in the province of Quebec, but their combined annual cut is only a very small percentaee of the total. J J r~ 6 Lnmbar. In table 1, is given a statement of the lumber cut in the different provinces in 1909 as compared with the cut reported for 1908. It will be borne in mind that where 1909 shows an increase over 1908 in the number of mills and amount of lumber cut, this increase is in part due to the more complete reports secured for 1909. TABLE 1. LcMBBR.— Number cf mills reporting. Quantity of Lumber cut, with per cent of increase and distribution by Provinces, 1908 and 1909. Province. 1 1 Number of Rank. Rank.' Mills i Reporting. i : 1 1 Quantity M. Feet B. M. Value of Lumber. Per cent of Increase in Cut Per cent nistribu tion of Cut. 1906. 1 1909. 1908. 1 1909. 1908. <909. man 010 Afr^r 1909 over 1906. 1906 1909. Canada ... . . . 1,409 2,086 ^ MH 17fi: H MA (U9 13>. 100 100 Ontario British Columbia...^ Quebec i New Brur irk . . Nova ScotiL. j Saskatchewan . . . . ! Manitoba ! 1 3 2 4 5 « 7 1 2 S 4 6 A 7 691 143 277 180 112 26 40 40 (') 976 172 451 106 240 23 62j 40i 26 1,294,794 647,977 690.137 308.4(X> 216,825 91,166 86,447 41,382 (') 1,519,080 1 790,601 638,582 391,203 273,661 87,340 69,861 62,860 1,874| •80,060,344 11,374,989 9,488.386 6,336,974 3,273,177 1,448,0?^ 1.026,268 798,320 22,940 173 2J0 (') 7-6 2«-8 26 2 (•) 4-2 6 27-7 D 387 193 20-6 9 2 64 28 0-7 13 ■').. 39-8 207 167 103 7-2 23 1-6 1-4 Alberta Prince Edward Isld.i H 8 9 (>) Decrease. (') No reports from Prince Edward Island for 1906. ('') Less than one-tenth of one per cent. 10661— 1^ For the whole of Canada there is an increase of 676, or 47 ' 9 per cent in tlie number uf active niills reporting; there in a corret ponding increase of 13 9 per cent in the lumber output or 400,776,000 boanl feet more than the cut reported for 1908. The average cut ptr mill rep)rting in 1908 was 2,376,000 feet ; the average cut per mill reporting in 1909 was 1,830,000 feet. The decrease in average mill output for 1909 may be accounteer capita lumber production in Canada for 1909 was 468 boai'd feet, or 27 per cent greater than the per capita lumber production of the United States for 1908. ' Ontitrio still maintains a good lead in its position as the first province in point of lumber production. Tt holds this position by virtue of its great annual cut of white pine, and by reason of its diversified forests, which give it a small annual cut of almost every wood produced in Canada. Ontario has been Canada's greatest lumber producer for a great many years ; it produced over one-third of the lumber cut in Canada in 1909, and the increase over the 1 908 cut was 17 3 per cent or a greater increase per cent than that for the whole of Canada. An increase of 22 per cent in ''<>' cut in British Columbia, accompanied by a decrease of 7 ■ 7 per cent in the cut of (Quebec caused Quebec to drop from second place, which it had held for many years. British Columbia now holds second [)lacc, a position which, because of the r.'pid exploitation of the fir and cedar forests, it will probably maintain. The decrease in the cut in Quebec for 1009 was due mainly to a much lighter cut of white pine, red i>ine and cedar. If the cat in Quebec had increased in keeping with that for the whole of Canada, by 13-9 per cent, Quebec would still have dropped to third place. Had it not been for a great increase in the cut of balsam Quebec'b showing would have been smaller. The other six provinces still hold the sami relative positions as in 1908. Owing mainly to an increase in the cut of spruce and white pine. New Brunswick and Nova Scotia alike showed an increase in cut of about 26 per cent over 1908. A similar in- crease for Alberta due to an increase in the cut of spruce brought it close to Manitoba. Manitoba stood about the same and owinj; to a decrease in the cut of spruce Saskatchewan showed a general decrease of 4 2 per cent. There are still a large number of small mills unreporting in Quebec. When the returns from them are secured, Quebec's position will be improved. Reports scoured for the first time from Prince Eklward Island give it the distinction of having the smallest average cut per mill, alwut 72,000 feet per year. British Columbia has the largest average cut per mill, 4,597,000 feet per year. The value given for luml)er is the value at the mill. The average price of lumber was lower in Nova Scotia for 1909 than elsewhere in Canada, 811.96 per thousand feet. The average in the several provinces was as follows : > Nova Si'otia $il 90 Prince Edward Island 12 24 New Brunswick 13 64 QuelMH; , 14 86 Alberta 15 11 British Columbia 16 31 Saskatchewan 16 58 Manitoba 17 12 Ontario 19 80 The comparatively high average value in Ontario is due to the large cut of white pine and to the fact that a higher price is charged in Ontario for neai'ly every species of lumber than is secun'il in the other provinces. .le folkwing diagram shows graphically the relative lumber production of the different provincex. Diagram H9\ LUMBF ? Production PROVl CEd BYPhOVINCES- 19C; MILLIONS or BOARD FEET eso soo 750 1000 •«»o ISOO ONTARIO BRITISH COLUMBIA QUEBEC NEW BRUNSWICK NOVA SCOTIA SASKATCHEWAN MANITOBA AUBERTA PRINCE EDWARD I. Table 2 gives the relative production of lumber by species in 1908 and 1909 together with the per cent of increase or decrease ia 1909, the total value of each species in 1909, the percentage each comprised of the toUl cut, and the average value per thousand for the two years. LUMUER. TABLE 2. (Quantity and Value cut, uy species, with per cent of increase and per cent distribution 1909.(') Kind "f \V Red Pine .5 Balxani 7 Larch or Tamarack. 9 Birch ' « Maple I 10 BasKwood 14 Elm i 13 .lack Pine 12 Yellow I'ine 11 Ash ! 15 Beedi I IH Poplar l(i Oiik 17 Hickory i 19 Walnut 20 3,348,17« 3,814,942; 139 02,819,477 100 $ cts. $ ct«. 100 1 16 27 16 41 1 2 i 3 4 i 6 I 7 8 9 ; 10 ! 11 ! 12 13 14 ir. 16 17 IS 19 20 1,027,987 <.)&S,044 .171,845 2.")9.092 4:"s833 30,084 14,778 26,308 28,462 30,592 11,191 .'i.oh:! 0,4' 17,144! 15,036 7,457 0,04l> ',1 9 4 9 8 20 3 16 8 .54 2 23 87 8 92-2 1.-) 7 40 4 187 .11-8 (') 2-2 (>) 11-8 62 1 195 8 10 6 16 5 (') 28-3 82- 1 10,36.5,720 22,563,447 6,8.50,579 3,.577,.172 2.04,5,379 2,777,734 1,170,840 1,027,344. 9!I0,.193 72",MC2 836,602 .582,'.*99 404,58'! ;J45,710 315,367 21(>,052 101,200 199,205 22,100 2,440 32 5 30 2 ; 11 8 8-2 3 9 4 2 1-5 11 14 9 5 8 9 9 4 2 2 2 (■') (') 29 5 27 4 12-3 7-9 5 4-4 2 4 18 14 11 11 9 7 7 5 4 2 2 (') 14 09 20 08 13 78 12 44 15 69 il6 88 12 53 13 94 1 16 86 116 !W 19 26 ^17 92 111 '.to ;17 46 19 00 14 5;t 12 45 31 7-' 20 02 36 74 14 55 ,21 5,5 !l4 58 I' -1 ii:( 'Mi 116 70 112 85 Il4 96 18 68 |16 93 19 68 17 09 14 .58 12 82 18 40 14 36 13 .57 .29 97 ,26 47 47 84 ( ') Deoieas*'. {'') Less than one-tenth of one ix-r cent. (') Kxcept in the total, no figures are(fi*en in thin table of Uimlier not identihed by spetnes in the re|>orts receiveK'l Wdlilir., Hard Woods. Kind of \Vo,.S91 ^1,065 128,514 Kind of Wood. Quantity. M. Feet K. M. 3,.^il3,967 Total.. Birch Maple . . BosBWotxi. Klui Ash Beech . . . All other. . IM. Feet B.M. . I 22(>,4Ctl 53,016 48,<2 42,506 34,697 17,144 15,036 14,!t89 Here it is shown that soft woods comprise 94 3 p.c. of the total lumber cut in Canada ; hardwoods, and most of them of the less valuable species, make up the re- maining 57 p.c. In 1908 the proportions were, soft woods, 95 3 p.c, 4 ■ 7 p.c. In the United States the relative quantities for 1908 were : p.c, and hardwoods, 23 1 p.c and hardwoods, soft woods, 76 '9 Table 4 shows how the deficiency in Canadian hardwoods portations. The figures for the imports are for tin- calendar year, nished by the Department of Trade and Commerce. is made up by im- 1909, and were fur- TABLE 4. Relative Ql-avtities of Hardwood Lumber' Imported into and Produced in Canada, 1909. Hahi> \V()oi)8 Imported. Harp Woons Coi in Canada. Kind of Wood. Total., (Quantity. M. F«t B.M. 103,705 Kind of Wood. Quantity. Oak ., Cherry, chestnut, guinwood, hickory, wnitewoofl Mahogany White ash Walrut Hard pine 4t!,482 l.eifi ],U8 48H 42,414 ToUl. Birch Maple Baiwwuud . , Elm Anh Beech Poplar Oak Hickory. . . . Walnut M. Feet B..\I. 220,400 53,01« 43.072 42,.J0! (') In addition to the sawn lunilier iiu-luded in this table, there were iniuorteil during 19(i9 4,a')5,il00 Oiik "tiives, round logs (nearly all hardwood), hardw(xxl railway ties, handles, heading and staves to a total value of «l,37tj,547. The total value of hardwoods imiwrted into Canii'l:. during 1909, including hard pine, wliioli is usually a substitute for Canadian hardwocnl, was $r),198,53<). I ''if total value of the hard- w,520. Nearly all these imports are from the United States Caiiiida is dependent upon the United States for the greater part of her supplie.s of such valuable hardwoods as oak, hickory, white wood (tulip or yellow poplar), chestnut, gum, walnut, cherry and for all the hard pine which is so frequently used as a substitute for hardwoods. The value of the hardwoods imported into Canada during 1909 exceeded by 29.8 per cent the value of the hardwoods manufactured into lumber in Canada during 1909. In view of the fact that the supply of hardwoods in the United States available for import into Canada is surely and rapidly disappearing, it is evident that whatever can be done to encourage the production of hardwoods in suitable localities in Canada should be done at once. -i Diagram 2 represents graphically the relative quantities of lumber of different species produced in 1909. DIAGRAM N92 LUMBER Production BY SPECIES. I909 SPECIES SPRUCE WHITE PINE DOUGLAS FIR HEMLOCK CEDAR RED PINE BALSAM TAMARACK BIRCH MAPLE BASSWOOD ELM JACK PINE YELLOW PINE ASH BEECH POPLAR OAK HICKORY WALNUT MILLIONS OF BOARD FEET Z50 SOO 750 lOOO leso isoo T 10661—2 10 LUMBER PRODUCTION BY SPECIES. Tables 5 to 'U bHow by provinces the production of each of the diflerent species of lumber. The oi-der in which the species are discussed is that of their relative importance iiccording to pro 1909 than in 1908, cutting 84-8 per cent of the total in 1909 as compared with 801 per cent in 1908. This increase of 124,445,000 feet or 16-3 per cent in Ontario is accompanied by an increase of 15,613,000 feet o:- 766 pf.r cent in Nova Scotia, an increase of 13,859,000 feet or 84'4 per cent in New Brunswick, and an increase of 22,428,000 feet >r 293-9 per cent in British Columbia. Quebec alone showed a decrease, the white pine cut being smaller in 1909 than in 1908 by 82,1 16,000 feet or 56-7 per csnt. The average price of white pine for Canada increased $1.47 during 1909. It was dearest where only a very small quantity was cut, in Prince Edward Island, at $28.13 ; it was cheapest in Nova Scotia at {13.92. Minnesota alone of the American states exceeds Ontario in white pine production. The cut in Minnesota for 1908 was 1,072,613,000 feet, 184,683,000 feet or 20.8 per cent greater than the cut for Ontario in 1909. The average price in Minnesota in 1908 was ?18.19 as compared with .'J21.08 in 1908 in Ontario, and the average price in the United States was il8. 17 as compared with <20.08 for the same yeiir in Caai'da. DOUCiLAS FIR. Douglas Fir in Canada is confined almost exclusively to British Columbia, where it is th« chief timber. A small (|u.>ntity is cut on the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains in Alberta. DouoLAs Fir Lumbrr. Province. '1..BLE 7. -Quantity and Value of Cut by Provinces, 1909. Ave . Value per M . iTotalValue.i- M. Feet B. M. Per cent Distribu- tion. 1908. 1909. 469,658 m «8.860,67l> $13 78 S14'58 British Columbia. Alberta. 469,408 1 2f)0 ; 99 99 oi: 6,847,279 »,300 13 72 14 «U 14 59 i:« 20 10661— 2 J 12 The total output of tir in I'.tOO was greater than in 1908 by StT.f^l.^OOO feet or 26-2 per cent. The inere.ise in cut wa« entirely in British Columbia : the eut ot tir in AUwrttt is almost negiij,'ihle. . ioaq «„ia The i.riee of fir increased 80 cents during 1909. The average price for 1909 was ' Ihe cut of fir in British Columbia is yet small .wnipared with that in Washington ana Oregon. Idaho and California also greatly exceed Uritisl, Columbia in '"e »>'""•' I production of tir lumber. The average price of fir in the I nited htates tor 1 JO. as *11.9" per thousand, as compared with 113.78 for the same y, ar in Lanaila. IlKMLOCK. Tnder hemlock are iiuhided both the East.-rn nnd the We-tern species r'A"<^n rann'diii! Biiti-^li ColimiUia i 22,<.% NVw IJnmswiek ".H-f I'liiiL-.' Iviward Island i l'>? Manitoba ! ^'^ I'll- c'lni llii^tritiu tiuii. KlO ■ AveraK<* Value [xr M. ■ Tiital Value. 101 iH. v.m. ••S ',.')i I ,oi •S12 41 .¥ll 81 I (' XiC, l»:2 !.■> V 7 .") 4 1 1,977,114 13 •■7 1311 (i:«»,0(>2 12 7.^ 11 61 406, .Vi'.' 08 10 46 lill,."- ■ 12 30 13 bO 151.1 '< 10 83 10 15 1 '.''.0 (-1 1180 •2M {■') 16 ti7 (1) r,f»« tlian iiuftentli of <»nc p'T c'lt- (2) No rcpo ts for 1008 from I'rimi- Kdward Island. (:•.) No htniliick reiwrU'd for lilOS from .Manifjlia. The prcKluction of hemlock for 1909 excee 000 feet, or 02 6 per cent. The price of hemlock decrea-swl 63 cents during IJOJ I't wak dearest in Britisli Columbia at .?13.69, and cheape.st m New Brunswick at '^ '' Five American states, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, Michigan, NVest Virginia and New York exceed Ontario in hemlock pnxluction. In each of tlie hrst three named the annual production is greater than the total for Canada Tie '^^.^.f P"^''* "^ hemloc'k in the United 8t..tes for 1908 was *13.G5; in Canada it was 912.44 tor the same year. CEDAR. Under this heading are included the white cedar of the East {Tluiya uccldrntalL^), the red cedar of the Pacific coast {Thuya plicata) and the cypress of the Pacinc coast (Chama-,t:22 14,275 50 5 IIIO S13 96 74 4 93 87 - 6 (') (') 1,992,884 227.703 204,309 220,008 400 76 17 22 12 43 11 2SI 13 95 (•■) 16-00 134S (>uiiLec New Brunswick < hitario Prince Kdward Island Manitoba 12 99 12 29 15 41 8 00 15 00 (1) LfK» than one-tenth of one per cent. (2) No reports for 1908 from I'rince Edward Isliiiul. There was an increase of 60,557,000, or 542 per cent, in tlie production of cedar for 1909. This increase was mostly due to a larger cut in British Columbia, the province producing three-f,uarters of the Canadian cedar. The increase in British Columbia over 1908 was 60,G01,000, or 75-5 percent. Quebtv, the second province in cedar production, showed a decrease of 10,093,000 feet, or 36-6 per cent and was nearly approached by New Brun-swick which showed an incrtase of 14,240,000, or 599-8 per cent. This great increase places New Brunswick thiid in cedar production in Canada, a place previously held by Ontario, which for 1909 showed an increase of 1,777,000 feet, or I !•- per cent. The average price of cedar thn-jgliout Canada di-opped $1.73 during 1909. The decrea.se wa^ due to a drop of * .79 in the price iu British Columbia ; all other pro- vinces showed an increase in the average price. During 1909 cedar was dearest in Ontario at 115.41, and cheapest in Prince Kdward Island where the cut was very small, at $S.u0. No state in the United States equals British Columbia in cedar production. Tln> nearest approacli is Washin^^ton, which in 1909 cut 1 15,135,000 feet. The average price during 1908 was .«22.14 in Washington, §17.22 in British Columbia, $18.03 for the United SUitja and !?15.r)9 for Canada. BED I'INK. Red i)ine (I'tnns resinona) is con&ned t ) Kastern Canada. 14 TABLE 10. Red Pijtk Lumbbr.— guantity ami Value of Cut by Provinces, 190a. IVdu yCASTITV. M. Keet B.M. I'lT cent Din- tributtuti. fanaHii I 1&5.886 Ontario ' 1M,486 \ U,,..l».c.. S.'tiW S..> a Scotia ' 3,196 ; NVw Brnnnwick 748 j There was an increase of 31,059,000 feet, or 23 per cent, in the red pine cut for 1909. This was not sufficient to enable it to maintain fourth place, ami in 1909 for probably the first time the r«}d pine output was exceeded by the cedar output. OnUrio produces over nine-tenths of the red pine cut in Canada ; the cut in OnUrio for 1909 exceeded that for 190« by .'iS.SSe,©©© feet, or 533 per cent. Quebec is still second in red pine production, but the cut for 1909 showed a {,'i-eat fallingoff of 2;i,366,000 feet, ot 72-7 per cent. There was an increase in Nova Scotia of 2,227,000 feet which gave it third place over New Brunswick where there was a decrease of 913,000 feet The average price of red pine in Canada was almost the same in 1909 as 1908, decreasing only 12 cents. It was most expen«ive in Ontario where it was $17.03, and cheapest in New Brunijwick where it was only $9.96. In the United States Government reports red pine is not differentiated from white pine, therefore comparison cannot \te given. BAL.S.\>I. The balsam reported by Canadian lumbermen is all of the Eastern species (Abies Uhamea) Small quantities of the Western species (Abies laxiocarpa and Abte^ uobUis) are cut in Alberta and British Columbia, but are not reported separately ; they are probably mixed witli and s>. .i as spruce. TABLE 11. Balsam Limbkk.— Quantity and Value of Cut by Provinces, 190!i. vincc. (JU.^MITV Total \'iilue. 1,170,840 .\VEKA(^E VaLIK v.m. « ct». 12 53 l-KH M. Pro M, F.*t B.M. Percent Uiw- trihutiiin. litO!). f Cttiioda 91,005 100 8 Ct8. 12 85 I^iu'Uh? i)nt;irio ... . . . . 69,780 14,1.57 .5,478 76 6 15 5 60 17 2 885,841 217.914 51,310 15.075 7W 12 .57 13 97 11 06 a 83 (■) 12 69 15 3 '1 .51 Prinw Kdward I.h1 66 10 77 (1) No reiH)rt* frr 1908 from Prinw Kilward Inland. <» If The growing scan-i'- nf other woods in the Eaitt is bringing bklsam to the fore. The cut in Canada for 19uv u 42,577,000 feet, or 87 -8 per cent greater than in 1908. Three quarters of the balsam cut in Canada i^i produced in Quebec ; the increased cut in Quebec in 1909 was nearly equal to that in the Dominion, being 46,588,000 feet, an increase of 200-3 per cent over 1908. Balsam is now fourth in the list of important woods in Quebec, being exceeded only by spruce, white pine and hemlock. Up to 1909 red pine and cedar were ahead of balsam in lumber production in Quebec. There was an increase of about 2,000,000 feet in the Ontario cut for 1909, a decrease of about 7,000,000 feet in the New Brunswick cut, and an increase of about 800,000 feet in the cut in Nova Scotia. The price of balsam lumber was about the same in 1909 as in 1908, increasing only 32 cents — to $12 . 85. It was highest in Ontario at if 15 . 39 and lowest in New Bruns- wick at $9 . 37. The cut in Queltec for 1909 was as great as in the whole of the United States for 1908. Maine, the leading American State, produced 46,022,000 feet of balsam lumber in 1908. The average price of balsam in the United States for 1908 was $14.36 ; it was $12.53 in Canada for the same year. TiMABACK. This term includes both the Eastern (Larix laricina) and the Western {Larix ocridentalis) specips. The Western species is manufactured in British Columbia only. TAMLE 12. Tamarack Lumbbk.— Quantity and Value of Cut by Provinces, 1909. c^i. ASTin Pn)vim*. - T»Ul V'Hliie. AvEliAOE Valli prb M. M. Feet B.M. PtTCMltDi»-i ; tribution. j looe. IHOil. Canada ) Lew than one-tenth of one per cent. (•) No tamarack reported for 1908 from Nova Scotia. The cut of tamarack was 36,752,000 feet in 1908, and was 68,720,000 feet in 1909, an increase of 32,968,000 feet, or 92*2 per cent. There was a large increase in each of the provinces producing tamarack ; the mcrease was greatest in British Columbia, the province producing two-thirds of the tamarack cut in Canada, where it was 21,289,000 feet, or 90° 9 per cent. Tamarack is now fourth in the list of the British Columbia woods ; it had previously been fifth, but in 1909 it passed yellow pine. The average price of taiuarack advanced $1 .01 from 1908 to 1909. Exof^pting in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Saskatchewan, where the cut is negligible, it was dearest in British Columbia at $15.38, and cheapest in Manitoba at $13.11. w^j!^^^i^^mmm^"^j w^^^^^^'i^>mi^-m..^ 1< The average price of western Umarack in the Unit*l States in 1908 was «11.81, the price of the eastern tamarack was $12.86. In Canada the prices in 1908 were J13 60and $14.15 re-.pectively. In spite of the lower average price of the West- em species, it is the superior timber. BIRCH. All species of birch are included ; the most important i hitea). Birch is the most important hardwood cut in Canada. s yellow birch {Rtliila TABLE 13. Birch Lumbbu.— Quantity and Value of Cut by Province^ 19 Quantity. I'riiviiifi'. M. Feet B.M. Per wnt Uin- tribution. Total V»lue. Canada Ontario . . Nrw Jitunawiok Uuel»« X.ivaSci.tin Prince Kilwanl IMiind. Haskatcliewan Manitiil>a KiOlK lUO AviRAOB Value per M. 1908. liiOO. 9SH(,;«i:i 8 CtS. 1 It! S6 S cts. 18 6g 19,293 '■ 36 4 1 41!»,784 17 15 15,9!t« : 30 2 1 3i)8,3;» 12 83 1 12,114 23 5 ; 2i)0,.5U 20 09 j 6,128 9 7 :>9,428 13 58 127 ■2 1 1,990 (■') 20 (') •ina (') 'i| ('» 1 !).-) 25 00 i 21 76 19 27 IH 11 11 59 ir> fi7 12 50 IB 83 (1) Less than onu-tt nth i)f one [ht i-ent. (■') Xi) r ;»"t» from Prince Kdward Island for 1!K>8. ( ') Xo bircli ri-i>orte11 the lumber manufactured is hard maple {Acr saccharum). 17 \ TABLE U. Maplb LiMBEH.— Quantity and Valae of Cut by Province*, 1909, l*ro\inci'. Cunatla Onturiu (>iirlM»c Ninft Boiti* Npw llrunMwick. I'rince Kdwanl iHland. QcAimTr. VI F—t PCToent »*•*'• tributioB. ToUl Valup. AVHUQI V*tu 1006. 1900. 43,072 100 • 729,162 $ oto. 16 99 $ cU. 16 93 ,S*l,i)OA 83 5 3,101 7 2 2,833 6 6 1.087 2 6 46 1 626,801 57,016 33,60N 11,167 670 18 07 14 20 15 70 10 64 (') 17 48 18 38 11 83 10 27 14 8U (') No report* from Princf Kdward laUnd for 1908. The maple cut for 1909 exceeded that tor 1908 by 12,388,000 feit, or 404 per cent. In spite of this large increase maple is still tenth in the list of Canadian woods, and second in the list of hardwoods. The great increase in the maple cut was in Ontario, where five-sixths oi' the maple is produced. There was a comparatively large increase in Nova Scotia with decreases in Quebec and New Brunswick. The cut in Ontario for 1909 was 12,304,000 feet, or 51-9 per cent greater than in 1908. The aver- age price of maple remained about the same in 1909 at in 1908, decreasing six cents per thousand. It was lowest in New Brunswick at «10.27 and highest in Quebec at $18.38. Although Canada is the land of the map- , the annual cut in the United Sutes is about twenty times greater than in Canada ; in 1908 it was 874,983,000 feet. Michigan, New York, Wiscon.Mn and Pennsylvania each cut more maple lumber per year than does Canada. The average price of maple in the United States in 1908 was f 16.30 : in Canada it wa.s 1 16.99. IIASSWOOD. There is only one species of basswood in Canada (Tilia amHricana). TABLE 15. Basswood Lumheb.— Quantity and Value of Cu. by Provinces, 1909. tiUASTITV. ToUl Value. AVERAGE VaLCI PER M. Priivince. M. Feet B.M. Per cent Dis- tribution. 1908. 1909. Canada 42,506 100 * 836,602 » Ct«.' t ct». 19 26 19 68 Ontario 2!t,671 1 69-8 12,835 30-2 .'i«4,073 272,529 1") 45 ; 19 01 18 S.H 21 21 j IS The cut (.f b«H«w«id in C*niula f.)r l»0» wm much greater th«n in 1 90S, •howing an incremie of 37.728,000 feet, or 187 6 per cent. Thiii increiwe enabled it to pww elm. jack pine and yellow pine In lumber production, and brought it to eleventh place from fourteenth. Ontario priKJuce. about two-thirdu of the Canadian bawiwood ; the re- ...ainder comen from Quebec. The proportionate rate of increa^wa. about the »ame in (mch province. The price of basswiKxl wan 42 cenU higher in 1909 than in 1908. For 1909 it wan *2.23 higher in guebec than in OnUrio. The United 8Uteii prod States than in Canada. KI.M. Th.-re ai-e several «p»Hie» of elm lunilwr out in Canada . tlw most important is soft elm (UlmiiK americiiiin). TABLE IG. Ki,M LiMUKH.— Quantity and Value of Cut by Provinces, 1909. Pnnmcc. l^UASTITY. Total Value. AviBAOi Vali« pb« M. Mfeet RM. 34.697 P-r cent lii». tribution. 100 19W. - lltOd. ( 'iiiiail.i • , 692.99!t i t oU.i 17 92 8 eta 17 Olt Olltlil'lo 82,729 9B!i 1,968 45 .V>9,4H3 : 33,516 IH 07 15 28 1 17 09 17 03 There were 34,697.000 feet of elm cut in Canada in 1909 ; this was an increase of .>< 389,000 feet, or 31-8 per cent over 1908. Nearly all the elm cut in Canada, 955 per cent is produced in Ontario. The remainder is cut in Quebec. The average price ot elm for 1909 decreased 83 cents from l908. For 1909 the price was practically the same in Ontario and Quebec. The annual production of elm in the United States is aljout eight timen greater than in Canada ; for 1908 it was 273,845,000 feet. Wisconsin and Michigan eAch pro- duce more elm per year than is cut in Canatla. The average price of elm for 1908 was «18.40 in the United States, and 117.92 in Canada. .lACK PINK. The Eastern specie.s of jack pine, soraetimes calleurbt>c New Bniniiwick rtankiitchvwaii Manitob*. MtMt B.M. 2r,8H» 13,008 6,281 4,906 1,076 400 no u Pit cent 1)U tributiun. 100 47 1 as-« 17-6 S 6 5 1 4 07 ;') AvnAiiR Valvi pi* .M. T<>Ul Value. 404,000 227,888 80.744 41,547 15.775 28,544 4,000 7,600 148 17 61 12 84 8 47 10 02 18 83 11 25 19 43 14 li> (') Lew than one-tetith of on.- per cent. C) No .lack Pine reported for New Brunswick in 1908. .lack pine wa.s one of the few species to show a dwreaHe in cut for 1909. There were 27,819,000 feet of jack pine cut in 1909, a decrease of 633,000 feet, or 2'J per cent as compared with 1908. Nearly one half the jack pine of Canada is cut in OnUrio; five-sixths are out in Ontario, British Columbia and AlberU. These three provinces each showed a small decrease in cut for ItfOO. The maritime provinces alone showed a small increase. Jack pine is used more largely for railway ties than for lum- The average price of jack pine was 62 cents higher in 1909 than in 1908. In the Unite white pine. Yellow Pink. The only yellow pine cut i.i Can»da is the western yellow or bull pine (Pintm ponderonn) of southern interior British Columbia. This should not be confused with tho haitl yellow pine imported in large quantities into Eastern Canada from the Southern States. TABLE 18. Ybllow Pink Lumber.— Quantity and Value of Cut, 1909. lifANTITT. ToUl Value. AVIBAOC V. LUl PER M. I'nivinc*.. Mfwt B.M. Per cent Dis- tribution. 1908. 1!)0!». Cansds 26,975 100 lOo 8 S4^710 6 cu. 17 4«i $ ct» 12 82 British Columbia 26,975 !<45,710 17 4« 12 82 »T^i3&-- s^i? so Although the cut of all other important British Columbian woods increased in l'J09, the i|uantity of yellow pine cut was 3,617,000 feet, or 11 > p. c. less in 1909 than in 1908. On this account yellow pine dropped from eleventh place which it held in 1908 to fourteenth in 1909. The area of yellow pine forest in Canada is very small ; the annual production can never be great. The average price for 1909 was $4.64, less than it was in lyOS. Asii. There aie two species f/f a!aluable hardwoods is leading to an increased use of beech. 21 TABLE 20. Beech Lumber— Quantity and Value of Cut l)y Provinces, 1909. Pi-ovince. (iU.\STITY. Total value. Avkii.\i;k Vau I PEIl M. M. feet B.M. Per cent Dis- tribution. 1(10 1S08. j 1 l!Xrti. Caihida 1 j 15,030 « ets. 21fi,052 ^ cts.i 14 53 i .* ets. 14 36 ')ntiiii(> Nova Sci itia Xow Brunswick l^ueljec rriiici' Kdward Ixland 8.224 3,972 1,4!»5 1,275 70 54 7 2ii 4 10 8-4 5 131,6.->1 46,323 14,7ti(> l'2,37'.t 033 15 12 10 98 (") 14 28 («) 1 10 01 11 6t> 9 87 17 55 13 33 (I) Xo be<-cli rp))orteer cent.; Hcnil(K-k, 53 6 iHTCent ; Red Pine, 92 5 i«r cent ; ^ Birch, ffl. 4 iier c«nt ; Maple, S:i 5 [K-r cent ; Banswoofl, (i!l 8 iier cent ; Klni .1,) o ijer cent ; Jack Pine, 471 ip.t cent ; .\sh, 51 iht cent ; Beech, .>4 7 iw cent; Poplar, 41 8 i«.r cent; Oak, 79 .5 [H-r cent; Hickory, 97 « per rent ; \ >\ alnut, 94 1 |)er cent, iiritifh Cohmiliia.. ' Douglas Kir. 100 per c»Mit; Cedar, 74 4 \n-t cent; Tamarack, . . I » ellow Pine, 100 per cent. |K'r cent ; '^"•''** Spruce, 31 8 [ler 3!t fC«,784 31 92 i8,aT. 148,106 10 63 4,445 134,833 :«) 29 1,675 a5,808 21 ;« 429 «,183 14 41 416 10,936 26 29 3 42 14 00 ugh Canadian iwrti: Oak , 4.14 2I,S»7 49,00» 9 .M39,in 3,004,092 1,1»«,832 258,436 258,658 429,093 9 H4 14 74 7 4!i 11 81 8 7.1 (') I ton - 40 cubic feet. (») These are unenuuierated in the government re|)<)rt«, Init probably include Retl Pine, Ash aiul Mapl. . The average white piue export for the decade 1871-1880 was about 15 times as great as it was iu 1909 ; the export of oak was then 194 times what it was in 1909 ; the export of birch has kept up better, it wiw in J 909 nearly one half a.s great as it was in the seventies. The export of elm has decreased largely ; it is now only one- thirteenth as great as it was thirty years ago. The other timbers, red pine, ash and maple, are only exported to about one-tenth the quantity previously shipped. The decrease in the shipment has been partially made up by an increa.se in prices. The greatest increase has been in the price of white pine, which has gone up 208 per cent, from 12 cents to 38 cen^g per cubic foot ; the price of elm has nearly doubled, from 24 cents to 4.'{ cents per cubic foot i Mk has increased from •'^O to .')4 cents, and birch from 15 to 22 cents per cubic foot I trade i valued . the value of this year's shipment was |1,501,020. Birch saw its bep.yecr in 1875 when 2,653,966 cubic feet, valued at «454,581, were exported. The grer xst shipment of elm was in 1869 when 1,773,859 cubic feet were exported for .*31«,107. Since the year of the maximum every species has experienced a steady decline. 87 LATH. The lath production of Canada is siiown by provinueii in Table 28. TABLE 28. Lath.— Quantity and Value of Cu;, by provinces, 1908 and 1909, with per cent dis- tribution and average values . I'ROVrNCK. tiiANTrrv, 1906. Quantity, 190!t. I Per cent Thousands. | Ointri- I bution. f'.inndti, . «'1„">«2 100 Per cent ThotisantU. Distri- bution. 822,124 100 Ontario New Brunswick '^*IH'1>**C I'liiicv Krtwani fsland Knti»li Ci)luiiiliia Xova 8cotiH, . . . . Saskatcl)'.\v;m Manitolm Alh..rta 263,241 I 138,991 ' 92,914 (') 86,8ti2 62,(>38 18,477 ; 7.370 1,0«9 i *) 2 ?0 7 13 8 (') 12!i 93' 2-7 ' 11 ; 3 ' 287,315 164.635 97,518 I 90,788 I 77,487 «t!,92<.» 26,339 8,231 2,882 34 U 20 11 9 11 9 4 8-2 3 2 10 4 Total Value, l!t09. AvgRAOK VaLIK riR M. 1908. ' 1909. 9 CtS.' % cts. 1.979,034 2 21 2 46 7i«,979 191,428 218,/i31 271,089 160,8.t0 160,9.56 52,729 14,520 9,.572 2 33 2 05 , 2 03 {') 2 39 2 18 2 17 i 1 38 I 3 35 2 46 2 32 2 24 2 99 2 08 2 26 2 00 I 76 3 32 (') No reports received from Prince Rdward Island for 1908. There was an increase of 150,562,000 pieces, or 22.4 per cent in the manufacture of lath for 1909. The relative position of the'provinces is unchanged from 1908 except that reports received from Prince Edward Island for 1909 give it fourth place, previously held by British Columbia. The manufacture of lath is, in Prince Edward Island, much greater in proportion to the lumber cut than in any othrtr province. One-third of the lath manufactured in Canada comes from Ontario; Ontario and New Brunswick together produce over one half, or 54.9 per cent of the total lath cut. The average price of lath for 190a was 92.46 per thousand, an increase of 25 cents over 1908. The price fluctuated widely in different provinces; it was ^176 in Manitoba and 83.32 in Alberta. The price of lath in the United States for 1908 was 82.27. In Ontario the majority of the lath cut are white pine, Douglas fir is the principal species used in British Columbia. Spruce leads in the other provinces. Table 29 gives the (|uantitiea cut of diiferent spwies, with per cent distribution and average value, comparing the 1908 output with that for 1909. TABLE 29. Lath. — Quantity and Value of Cut by species, with per cent distribution and uverage value. 1908 and 1909. V .VNTITV, I'JOS. lit .A.STITV, laOil. KiNIl OK WoiD. faniula ('). .S|)riice White pine '^'edar I>c>ii)(laKKr Hi'inli)ck .Jack pint' Balsam l'i)plar Percent Peront j Till niil«,2.">() •"•2,2;i'J 4(l,!li>7 27,!>77 •i»«,321 40,0t*l .■«,470 «,803 4,8N7 40 1 31 3 « 3 4 9 4 II 17 (I V, (-') 72fi.9,Kl .■►4S,542 11)5,823 73,114 73,671 1H,3.")li li>,387 I3i( 2 12 2 37 2 07 2 13 1 90 :; 30 1 00 2 .■)1 2 43 1 8:1 2 20 2 09 2 13 2 1.. (') Thia total for Can.via incliidee a quantity of lath of un>ii»'clfie(l sji-cieg. (') Less than onetenth of one per cent. {'■) No jack p-ne or poplar lath were refx)rtein- ThuuHandM. ; Via- I tribution. ; tribution. 1,4!»9,39« j lOlf 1,988,753 : ll«l 724,652 406,440 (") 1 QoAKTrrr. iwe. ' Per cent Thuutandi. I Dii- trilmtion. QlANTTTT, IWje. 1,4»9,396 Cedar Spruce White Pine Hemkick Balxam Douglu Fir Jack Pine Poplar Thoiuan.iii. 1, 2.963,687 .<)73,186 278,153 20,097 9,19U 5,280 2,763 2,146 AVBtAO* Valui peh M. i9na • Ota. 2 07 2 07 1 66 2 06 1 76 1 83 1909. • Ota. 1 86 1 98 1 20 206 1 67 1 78 "i'oiV 1 68 1 68 1 66 1 CO (>) There are included in thia total a amall quantity of shingles of unspecified apeciex. (') Xu Douglas fir xhingles were reported for 1908. (') Less than one-tenth of one per cent. . Cedar is the f;reat shingle wood. Over three-quarters of the shingles cut in Canada in 1909, ',507,288,000, were of cedar; about one-half of these, 769,830,000, were oi western cedar cut in British Columbia. The increa^ . the cut of spruce and white pine and other species in the eastern provinces i «duc< . the proportion of cedar shingles ; it was 96*4 per cent of the total in 1908. Ninety per cent of the spruce shingles were cut in Prince Edward Island, the remainder in Nova Scotia and Quebec. Three- •juarters of the white pine shingles were of western white pine (Pinus tnonticola) cut in British Coluu'bia. Of the hemlock shingles ri-ported, 1 1,996,000, over nine-tenths were cut in Ontario and Nova Scotia. The prices of all species were a little lower in 1909 than in 1908. The lowest in 1909 was spruce at $1.20, and the highest white pine at $2.06. Cedar shingles were 81.91 in British Culumbia in 190H ; in the same year the average price of all grades was about 82.50 in the State of Washington. Nil h N (.. i 328b 0849:852 3 * 1 m I p, ii=l m m