^^^VoTc. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) > J' ■■•/ 1.0 I.I 1.25 140 1.4 12.0 1.6 «• / /a ^^ I%DtDgraphic Sciences ^Corporation «■ "^V ^\- \\ 33 WtST MAIN STHIT WltSTIR.N.Y. MSM (7U) •73-4S03 V V ^/^ ^i>^ ^ ^ ^^^ ;^^^^^ %> K> « « CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. .■ > - .» Can s - « .^' ' nJ. **• ^ CIHM/ICMH Coltection de microfiches. . ! Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian da microraproductions historiquas Technieai and Bitatliographic Notas/Notas tachniquas at bibliographiquaa Ttia instituta has attamptad fo obtain tha batt original copy avaiiabia for filming. Faaturat of thia copy which may ba bibliographically uniqua. which may altar any of tha imagaa in tha raproduction, or which may signiflcf ntiy changa tha uaual mathod of filming, ara chackad balow. Colourad cdwars/ Couvartura d« ppulaur E ** Covars damagad/ :lJ Couvartura andommagia L'Institut a microfilm* la maillaur axamplaira' qu'il lui a it^ possibia da sa prpcurar. Las details da- cat axaimplaira qui sont paut-*tra uniquas du point da vua btbttOgraphiqua, qui pauvent modifier una imaga raproduita, ou qui pauvant axigar una modification ^Jins la m^thoda normala da filmaga sont indiqu4s ci-daasous. .i D Colourad pagas/ Pagaa da coulaur r~| Pagaa damagad/ Pagas a#dommag*as D Cdvars rastorad and/or taminatad/ CouvSrtura rastauria at/ou p'alliculAa □ Covar titia missing/ La titra da couvartura manqua D Pagas rastorad and/or laminatad/ Pagas rastaurias at/ou palliculias Pagas discolourad. stained or foxed/ Pagas d4color«as. tachat*es ou piques □ Colourad maps/ ' Cartas gAographiquas an coulaur □. Colourad ink (i.e. other than 6'lua or black)/ Incra da coulaur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) □ Pages detached/ Pages d*tach*es •» QShoWthrough/ Transparence a n n Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ Rati* avae d'autrta documents Tight binding may causa shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La re liure serr*e pout causer de I'ombre ou (do la diatorsion la long da la marga intiriaura Blank leaves added during reatoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have boon omitted from filming/ II se peut que cartainas pagas blanches sjoutAas lors d'une restauration apparaiaaant dans la taxta. mais, lorsquo caia itait possibia. cas pagaa ji'ont pas tt(k film4as. D D D n Quality of print varies/ Qualit* inAgala de I'impression f * Includes supplementary material/ Comprend du matArial suppi^mantaire Only edition available/ Seule Mitioh disponibie Pages wholly or partially obscured by arrsta slips, tissues, etc.. have been refilmad to ensure the best possible image/ Lea pages totalament ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'erratai una palure. etc.. ont 4t« film^s i nouveau de fa^on * obtanir la meilleure imaga possibia. □ Additional commanta:/ Commantaires •upplAmantairaa; This itam is filmed at the reduction ratio cheeked Halow/ Ce document est film* au taux de reduction indiqu* ci-dessous. 10X UX 18X 2IX XX / J2X ItX 20X MX ^^ ax 32X 'r>.-» / / '• *tail8 IS du nodifier ir una ilmags ^» IS •rrata I to I > ptiura. on A Tba copy filmad hara haa baan raproducad thanka to ttM ganaroaity of: McLtnnan Library McGill Univartity , Montrsal Tha imagaa appaaring hara ara ttia boat quality poaaibia conaidaring tha condition and iagibilijty of tha originai copy and In kaaping with thC- 1 > filming contract spacificationa. Originai copiaa in printad papor eovara ara filmad baginning with tha front covar and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or lilutftratad impraa- sion. or tha back covar whan appropriata. Ail othar originai copiaa ara filmad baginning on tha firat paga with a printad or liluairatad impraa- sion. and anding on tha laat paga with a, printad or illuatratad Impraaalon. Tha last racordad frama on aaeh mieroficha shall contain tha symbol — •» (moaning "CON- TINUED"), orjtha symbol y (maaning "END"), whichavar appUaa. Mapr. piataa. charts, ate., may ba filmad at diffarant raduction ratioa. Thoaa too larga to ba antiraiy ineiudad In ona axpoaura ara filmad baginning in tha uppar laft hand comar. laft to right and top to bottom, ia many frainaa aa raquiradi Tha following diagrama illuatrata tha mathod: » _ r\ K' . . • ■■ -f Voxamplaira fiim4 fut raproduit grAca i |a gin*roait4 da: IMcLsnnan- Library ' McGill Univsrsity . _ , ^ Montreal . \.; ./ -'^,' ."■■'^■■. -..,:.;■. ;' Laa imagaa suivantaa ont #ti raproduitas avac ia plua grand soin. compta tanu da la condition at da ki nattat* da Taxamplaira film*, at an eonformiti awac laa condltiona du contraf da Laa axamplairaa origWilux dont la couvartura an papiar aat imprim^a sont filmte a^ commanpant par la pramiar plat at an tarminant soit par la dami^ra paga qui comporta una amprainta cllmpraaaion ou d'lUuatration. soit par la sacond plat, salon la caar. Toua laa autraa axampUilraa origifiaux sont fltmta an commandant par la pramlAra paga qui comporta una amprainta ^^■ dlmpraaaion ou d'lUuatration at it tarminant par to damlAra pago qui comporta una taUa amprainta. Un symboMa sulvanta apparaftra aur la imaga da chaqua microficho. salon la iymbol%-^signifla "A SUIVRE". la J^ signifia "FIN". Laa eartaa, ptanchaa. tablaaux. ate. pauvant Atra filmAa i daa taux da rMuction diff iranta. Loraqua la doeumant aat trop grand pour Atra raproiduit an un saui cllehA, il aat film* i partir da I'anoto sup4riaur gaucha. da gaucha i droita. at da haut an baa. an (kranant la nombra ^ d'Imaoaa n i a a aaa iri. Laa diagrammaa suivants ilkiawant la mAthoda. -- ^^ ' 1 1 2 3 1 -'^- • r / 1 ** • . - ■ f- 4 5 • 6 • 32X . ■ . ^.■.. ■. rJU 1 4e i J J i fl « ■■ ># ._.^.,^^^^^^_^_^ r:z , . -■■'»■ ^' > .w. - 'im^ "■■HP ^'., *: ^ BUSINESS SKETCHES ^ y # -j*^^®!^ MONTREAL WITH A BESCEIPTION OF JHE ClTlf 01 MOBTEBAL, ITS PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND PLACES OF INTEREST, AND THK GRAND TRUNlfeFORKS ^p AT POINir «"r. CHARLES, WIOT.OBIA BRIDOE, PREPARED AND PUBLISHER, BY THE CANADA RAILWAY ADVEI%ING COMPANY. MONTREAL: ■ Printed by M. vLonomoore & Co., Gazette Job Office. , mm i * •- ' . .r^^ I- c ■^m /• ■■ /• . 1 .'J IISTDEX. A. rmstrongj (3«p., Cabinet-maker, Upholsterer and 1 Tnflfii'i'S.ker ~ - ■ ~ ~ '"<" Akin & Kirkpatrick, Produce / Commission Mer- oltants - - - z '"* - Adams & Co., Brooms, Matches, Fancy Goods, &p. Bacon, llarke^^o., Wholesale Dealers in Wines, Liquors, &c. - - - - ..- - Bancroft, E. I., A|ent for the Universal , Clothes Wringer - ' ■ ' Berry, William, Machinist and Engineer;^ - Bryant, Stratton & Clarks' Commercial CoUe^^ ' - Bensoi^gl|Aspden, Canada Starch Works, - - Brush^orge, Eagle Foundry - - - ■ - Brown & Childs, Boot and Shoe Manufacturers Bell, J. &T.,*- do. do. ^^' ' ' Baylis & Co., Toronto, Carpet Warehouse, &c'. Browning, Samuel, Ottawa Hotel, Great St. James Street - - - -* . - " - - - Benallack, H. J., Family Grocer - - . - Bryson, Campbell, Dealer in Leather, Hides, Oils, &c. - - - - °"" " ■ . " Bartley, W P., & Co., St. Lawrence Engine Works^ Baylis, James, Carpet Warehouse - 136 164 ■41 199 I 1^7 '\ 172 309 20 53 69 95 ^ 207 102 111 25 33 165 ' •%] =^ "■<'■ ) \ ■\ y . Colonial Lif*e Assurance Company ^ . ^goe, Andrew, Super-Phosphate of Lime . • - Bawaon Brothers, Montreal, i^ooksellers, "Publishers, Stationers &c. - - - -^ *^ -^ -^190 DeWitt, JacobI Manufacturer of Gloves, Mits, &c. 81 Decker & Co., Albion Hotel - - '. . '' ^^^ Dougall, John, ^ Co.,' Produce Commission^ Mer- chants - - -• - - r ■ -- " J^; Da^, C. S., Bookseller and Stationer - - -. 1T4. E. • ' , ' ■ . European ' Assurance Society, E. Rawlmg^ Se^^e- \ ■ tary '-. - - - " " " ^'^-1** English, S., Family Grog^r . ""^^P^ ■ " P^ -J • ^ /' " Y. ' ■■""•"■■■':■■■■ . ■ ' ' Fur Trade * - - - ■• " Fitts & Co., Biscuit Manufacturers - - ■.- ^ •. ■ ', ^^r 0. ■;.■-•. , ^^ . ' Grand ^founk Works, Point St. Charles - - . - Gould & Hill, Steinway, Chickering, and Dunham Pianofortes - ^^^ - 195 ' Greene & Sons, Manufticturers and Wholesale r 'iealers in Furs, Hats, &(?. - ' ' -. -58 Gilbert, E.E., Canada Engine Works - - - 92 Gianelli, F/.C.,- Cosmopolitan Hotel and Restaurant 138 Gardnir, John, East End Drug Store -^ - ^ -153 - Galhraith & Brown^T^ilors and Clothiers 'l :^^ ^ ' . '/ ij' J / .. 1 > V iJ .. v-' p>g* . Henry, Jolin F., Wholesalja ' Bealer. in Patent Medi- cines, Dmgs, &c. - - - - - - 170 Hart«^. J. A., Druggist and'Chemist -, r -16^ . Hally & McWilliams, Manufacturers of Confec- r • tioiiery-. ^- - - ' : \.>- . -.187' Hagar, Geo., &*Co., Dealers in Stoves, Hardware, &c. 27 Hea rn. CharfeS) Optician - - - ' . -^ . 31 /"^ flSy, ThoS. D., Pianoforte Manufacturer -' - 39" Ho&d, E., Wall Papery, Fancy Goods, &0- ' - 46^ Hiam, Wmi H., Needles, JPishing Tacklef^. - 48* . ' | in Hats, Caps and feurs - ^l ' - " - *- 63 Hilton, XjfeW.jCabin^ Warehouse , ^ " - ^ - 77 Holiday, James, & Bro^, Product Stores^' " - - 89 Home, Georgef Bookseller and Stationer - - 107 Holmes, Samuel,, ^fji^ppper, and Sheet Iron Manu- ' / facturer ) Hogan, H., St. Lawret\ce Hall Hqliday, James^ & Bro., Coopers I Introduction '- - - - Ives & Allen, Iron Foundry , - -' Italian Warehouse, Groceries, Wines, &c. * -1/^1 - ]|26 - 156 - '3 - .35 - 181 ^ J. ■' Johnson, Thompson & Co., Malleable Iron Works - 143 / ' - K. ' '■ , Kershaw, R-. J & Co^^-Mantlfacthrers ©f Safes - - 75 Lymans, -Clare & Co., Manufacturers, Wholesale and ^Retai l Dealeis in_ Brucr^ Chemic als , &c, & c ^lL 12 ^^ '■■■*: •s VI I N I> K J - 56 - §iS- S. 32 L6mer G., Dealer and Exporterof Fu^ Sough & Campbell, Apotheeanes Hall M. Mackinnon, John, Mannfacturcr ot Bisomte MoLarcn, John C , Saddlery Emponum_^ -^ McGibho;, Wholesale and Retail D«J«r lo^eas. Wines, Liquors and Groceries « ' '_ "^ >[arti^,Ge;rge:Photographerto^PeopUt- * 117 JlcConnell, W., Oil ■'nd L»mP S^* . - _ ,g Miller, llobert, Bookseller and Stationef _ j^.^ Middleton & Co., Warehousemen, &0. - ' . _ ^gg MoOarvev 0., Cabinet Maker, &c. , ' ' . . Middleton' it Dawson, (Quebec), Printer,, Booksel- ^^^ Icrs, Publishers, &c. - - ' N. 25 . Notman, William, Photographer ^^ ^^;2^2.mrFancY Nelson & Wood, Wholesale Dealers m Brooms, 1^ ancy ^^ Goods, &c. - P. Pfick, Thomas, & Co., Canal Iron WcJrk^ PaS rave, C. T., Montreal Typo Foundry lr':L k Mactarlane, Hot Air FurnaceB, Prowso & M Stoves, 8 17 3T ^^:r^d^^r:B;ot^^m^^^^mmmr ^^^ ^ INDEX Pell, A. J.pi»ver «^d#lder Prince, Henry, Music Warehouse - Parkin, James, Laceman - - Patton, John, & Co., China Glassware &c., Patton, S. G., & Co., Oil and Lamp Store . VII -ISO - 140 - 141 - 14G - IGl V R. r Redmond's Foundry - - ' \ RoMeii, William, & Co., Montreal Foundry - Rototson, Jkppaas, & Co., Tube Depot - It««,D.,&#, Inspectors and Curers of Provisions 169 Russel's (Quebec), St. Louis and Russel's Hotels 205 43 9T 131 >'ww • S. Savage & Lyman, Plafed Ware, Watches, Jewellery, &c. - - - - - ,- ,- .- *^^ Scholes & Ames, Manufacturers and Dealerg, in Boots and Shoes - - - " ^"^ ' i ?9 Starke & Co., Printers - - " , ' , "^ ,|" Scale & Tees, Undertakers, Office Desks, &c. - - lib Saucier, Theodore, Canada Hotel - * , " \^^^ Steele, T. H, & Co., Warren's Patent Lclt and ' Gravel Roofing - - - " ' V. ^ Vogt, W., & Co., Pianofortes, &c. W. Walker & Co., Dealers in Hardware, &o. Warren, Samuel R.\ Organ Builder 100 .51 oi; :^ » INDEX TO ABVEKTISEES. A. Arnton, John J., Auctioneer arid Commission Mer- chant - - - B. Brown, P. D. S., Banker and Broker - Bryant, Stratton & Clark, Commercial College " E. '^'fr' #^- English, Samuel, Grocer ... - Home, George, Stationer - - ' m K. Kimpton, M., & Co., Commission Mej^tots - ■ M. ' ^' ' Miller, Robert, Paper Maker, Stationer, &c. - P. Pickup, E., .News A^ent . - - - . Plunkett & Brady, Engineers Provincial Fire and Marine Insurance Company Provincial Life Assurance Company Prpwse & McFarlane, Stoves, Refrigerators, &c. R. Ramsay, Alexander, & Son, Oiln, Paints, &c. - Riddell, Tlionias, Stationery - - ' - Ryan, M., Tailoring Business Scottish Provincial Assurance Company - Pa*" 233 31 235 - 1 - 234 - 231 - 232 - 235 - 227 1 - 230 - 228 221) 228 234 - 22G V ^©»^- .JM^@^ .A INTRODUCTION. The object of the Canada Railway Advertising Company in preparing the "Montreal Business Sketches," is twofold. In the first place, the Pub- lishers desire lo set before the Public a 'brief but im- partial description of the establishments and manu- factures of its patrons ; and, in the next place, they siinv at acquainting this community, as well as the people of the Province, with the facilities the city possesses for producing successfully, and to any extent, whatever is required in thd various departments of trade, com- merce, and the arts. It is but a very short time ago that Montreal was compelled to depend upon the workshops of other countries for nearly every mecha-. nical appliance of which she stood in need. . Fortii- .nately, however, this state of things has passed away, and, at present, not only is this city independent of almost all the staples of foreign industry, but is able, to make, asj'^^ll as to export, what she was formerly obliged to import and to consume. This is a fact as creditable to our manufacturers, as it is gratifying to | i©»^ ■>^^!^ ^. . INTRODIfcCTION .j^^®^ all who have at heart the prosperity of local enter- prise ; the publishers hope, therefore, that the accom- panying sketches will serve to convey a Wider con- ception than has hitherto prevailed, of the rapid advancement Montreal has made in those industrial pursuits, which conduce not only to the development of the resources of Canada, but also add to her ol|r^ wealth .and welfare. It is not necessary "OW^ speak of the physical and geographical advaritapb which Montreal enjoys, and which, in conjun6tiou with th9 energy and efforts of her business men and manufacturers, have-raised her to the proud position of commercial supremacy to which she .has now attained. . , ' But it may be in place to mentidft, that while art and nature combined haVe gi^en powerful and indis- pensable impetus to the progress of Montrealj the people themselves have not been slow to improve their opportunities ; and to welcome and suppq-t every new branch of industry eatablished in their midst, and every legitimate undertaking, however unheralded or unknown. The latter assertion is amply borne out in the success that has attended the exertions of the Canada Railway Advertising Com- pany. And while the Company gratefully aoknow- 'ledge the encouraeeme'nt they have received, they have Bubptantial reasons to b«lieve that iheir eflorts have not failed to rocked to the bonefit of their pa- trons. The ''ijketches'Vhave been prepared with § %&^^- ,*^^@8!K INTRO DUCTIO9 III accuracy, and the descriptions are the result of direct .personal inspection and inquiry, and are impartial accounts of what was seen, heard, and a^ertained in the different establishments and manufactories which were visited. The Com- pany trusts that the reader of these sketches will find la perusing them indubitable proof that bur city pos- 808008 within itself the energy, enterpfise, and self- rolianco which always combine to make communities great and prosperous. And if the present publication lends to the advantage of its patrons, and assists in disseminating a better idea With regard to the manu- facturing and commercial capacities of Montreal, and the resources of Cantda at large, then the Company will have received abundant recompense for its time and labour. ^ W©^ J MOISTTREA-L. o The City of Montreal is situated on the Island ot the same name ; and this Island lies at the mouth of the Ottawa River, inhere it joins the St. Lawrence. The Ottawa Hiver, flowing from the North-west, makes the circuit of the Island, forcing the St. Law- rence to the South side ; and the waters of the two great streams remain separate for a distance of some eighty miles. Montreal, the largest and most flou- rishing city in British Horth America, stands at the base of Mount Royal. This mountain, from which the City derives its name, is clothed with trees to the summit ; and its slopes are studded with villas and mansions, built in different styles of architecture, but all of them attractive. The view from the Mountain is beautiful. The City, with its sfrires and public edifices— the St. Lawrence, with its fortat of masts— the Victoria Bridge, losing itself, as it were, in the distance of the opposite shore— can all be seen from the Mountain, and more can be taken in at a glance than it would require hours to describe. On a clear day, too, the outlines of the far-off" hills of Vermont can be descried against the horizon. Altogether the scene to be witnessed from the ^summit of Mount ••►^G^ _S^&!®'^ DESCRIPTION Royal, may be described as one of surpassing loveli- ness. The drive round the Mountain, a distance of about nine miles, is one which, for beauty of scenery, is difficult to be excelled. The City Water Works (two reservoirs) are situated at the base of the Mountain ; are excavated out of ihe^ solid rock, and afe 205 feet above Montreal Harbour. They have a water surface of about 90,- 000 square feet, and contain fifteen millions of gal- lons : their depth is twenty-five feet. The water is convey^ from the St Lawrence, near the Lachine Rapids, a distance of about six miles. The aqueduct terminates in a capacious basin situated in. the out- skirts of the city ; and here there are two enormous wheels which pump the water up into the Reservoirs. The wheels can fill the Reservoirs in seventy-five hours' pumping ; besides providing for the supply of the city at the same time. The works were begun in June, 1853; the first water was pumped into the Reservoirs in September, 1856. The cost of the works, including everything, was $1,500,000 On approaching Montreal by water there are three objects that attract the attention of the stranger or traveller ; these are— the Victoria Bridge, the Bonse- cours Market, and the Wharves. The Victoria Bridge rests on twenty-four massive stone piers ; and its entire length is nearly two miles. It is estimated that in i|« eredtion 250,000 tons of stone, and 7,500 tons of Ifon have been used. The centre span is 330 feet in length: and th^1-e are twelve spans on each side of the centre one* each of which is 242 feet lonar. The length of the abutments is 242 feet each. The height of the centre of the Bridge above the summer level of the St. Lawrence is 60 feet : from this there is a descent to either end at the rate of 1 in 130. The contents of the masonary L o ^^i€NL- OFTHE CITY OF MONTREAL. amount to three rp.illions of cubic feet ; and the work in question is of the most massive and enduring de- scription. The following are the dimensions of the tube through which the trains pass in the middle span, viz.: 22 feet high, 16 feet wide ; at the extreme ends 19 feet high, 16 feet wide. The total cost of the work is about seven millions of dollars. The Bonsecours Market, so called after the Church Qf Notre Dame de Bon Secours, in its vicinity, is the Principal market in the city. The lower part of the building is devoted to the purposes of trade: the upper portion contains the City Council room, the Mayor's office, and the various otliir offices con- nected with the Municipal Government of the City. In the East wing of the building is a large concert- room capable of accommodating 4,000 persons. The Bonsecours Market has a front of three stories on St. Paul Street. It is a magnificent building in the Doric Style, and cost about $300,000. The Wharves of the City are built of solid ma- sonary : they are nearly two miles in extent, and are unsuBpasfeed by any on the continent of America. The following is an enumeration ot the principal public buildings in the City ; a visit to any of which will repay curiosity : Court House, Notre Dame Street. Built of cut stone, and in the Ionic style. Ground plan, 300 by 125 feet ; height 76 feet. Nelson's Monument, is situated on Jacques Cartier Square, nearly opposite. In Notre Dame Street, a little beyond the Court House, and on the opposite side, is the old Govern- ment House where the -French Governors held their levees and transacted business. It is now converted into the Jacques Cartier Normal School. Montreal Exhibition Building, is situated on St. .>^,0^^: -«^Q5®9^ "■N^ w .y ^©j©^- .j^^®^ DESCRIPTION Catherine and Cathcart Streets. The dimensions of the ijave are 84 feet on St. Catherine and Cathcart Streets, with a length between these streets of 184 feet. The two transepts are 60 by 20 feet. The frame- work of the building is iron, enclosed in brick. Two galleries, twenty feet wide, extend all the way round the interior of the building. The Museum of the Natural liistory Society is situated on Cathcart Street, and is contiguous to t}ie Exhibition building. *> In Great St. James Street, arejfe following public buildings :— Bank of Montreal ; X^y Bank ; People's Bank; Molsons Bank; .Bank of Upper Canada; Commercial Bank ; Ontario Bank; City and District Savings' Bank ; Bank of British North America ; Post Office ; Mechanics' Institute; Mercantile Library Association ; Colonial Life Assurance Office ; Euro- pean Assurance Society's Offices; Printing House Building, etc. The Merchants' Exchange is situated on St. Sacra- ment Street, and so are the offices of the Montreal Telegraph Company. The following are the different religious edifices : Protestant — Christ Church Cathedral, St. Ca- therine Street. This is a beautiful building, and is erected in the cruciform style. Length, inside, 187 feet ; width of nave, 78 ; transept, including tower, 99ieet ; height of tower and spire, 224 feet. In the tower there is a magnificent peal of bells, and a splendid clock. St. George's Church, St. Josenh, Street, .neat Mc- Gill. . - ^ ■ " \ ^ St. John the Evangelist (free seat church) corner of St. Urbain and Dorchester Streets. St. Luke's Church, corner of Seaton and Dorchester Streets. k V / r y ,r< V \ ^0 %^f^^ OF TilE CITY OF MONTHEAL. 5^ ^ St.^Maiy's Church, Hochelaga. St. S^heri's ChurcJ^ Dalhousie Street, Griffin- tOWn^ . c Tr 14* r • St. Tkomab Church, (Garrison,) corner of Volti-r geurs anid St. Mary Streets. , , . '^ ^ . Trini^ Church, Qosford Street, facing Champ de ^^ars. ) Presbyterian.— American Presbyterian -^Church, corner of Victoria Square and Great St. James Street. J Canada Presbyterian ChurA; Cote Street. * > Canada Presbyteriato Chtfrch, corner of Chenne- —- Ttiie and Lagftpchetiere Streets. Canada Presbyterian Church, St. Gabriel Street. Canada Presbyterian Church, St. Joseph Street West, between Seigneurs and Kemp Streets. French Canadian Presbyterian Church, (Church of Scotland,) Dorphester, between St/Urbam and St. Charles Borrom^ Streets. *'^ r ^ , j v o St. Andre^w'B^urch, (Church of Scotland,) Bea- ver Hall Hill. ^ ^ i , , c-. Tj 1 St. Paul's (CKurch of Scotland,) corner St. Helen and Recollet Streets. , „ v r. 1 WESLBYAN.-Wesleyan Chapel,. (Centre,) Great %\., James Street. ~^. c, . n Westeyan Chapel East, I^agauchetiere Street, tlue- bec Suburbs. \ Wesleyan Chapel West, Griffintown. \ French CaQadian Wesleyan, Desriviei^es Street. French, Evangelical Church, corner^ig and bt. Elizabeth Streets. )\: BAPTisT.-rBaptist "Churctf, First, headiof" Rade- gonde Street. „ , o^ * Baptist Church, Second, 3 8 Great St. James Street. Assembly of CnRisTiANs.—Nordheimer's Hall. New Jerusalem Church, Dorchester Street, oppo- site High School. J Vjg^Cgt ^- ■Tf^Qs^ hji*' V V I « 2ls^@3^ DESCRIPTION ethodistwfe Methodist Chi New Connexion Methodist wpest,)*Dupre Lane. New Conntexion Methodist Church (East,) Panet Street. Church of the Mbssiah, (Unitarian,) corner of Beaver Hall Hill and Lagauchetiere Street. St. John's Church, (German Protestant,) St Dp- minique Street. , ^ ZioN Church, (Congregational,) Radegonde Street; Jewish synagogue, (English,) Chenneville Street, Jewish Synagogue, (German,) St. Constant Stteet^' Roman Catholic. — Notre Dame, Place d'Armes. This is a Church much visited by strangers, and greatly admired for its architectural features. The towers are 290 feet high . The North-east tower con- tains a chime. of bells ; while the North-west one has a bell weighing 24,Q00 pounds, the largest in Ame- rica. The Chur^^an accommodate over 8,000 persons. '?' St. Patrick's Church, corner of Lagauchetiere and St. Alexander Streets. St. Peter's, corner of Visitation and Dorchester^. St. Mary's Church, St, Mary's College, Bleury Street. ,v St. Joseph's Asylum Church, Cemetery Street. St. Joseph's Church, Richmond Street. ^ Cathedral, Cemetery. Street.. Providence Church, St. CatherinAiiS. end ) ^ Recollet ChurchrCouilt 1725,) Nj Sisters of Mercy Church, Dorche St. Ann's Church, McCord Street, Griffintown. St. James' Church, St. Denis Street. Bonsecours Church, St. Paul Street, (East end.) following are the principal Benevolent Insti- ital, Dorchester Street. (East Street: i t / p ,f-p # "fe©®^ OF THE^CITY OF MONTREAL 7 § i Hotel Dieu and St. Patrick's Hospital, ofl Sher- I brooke Street. „ ^ ,, • c*-**;* Protestant Orphan Asylum, St.Calherine Stfgm. ; Ladies' Benevolent Institution for the reliet ot ~ Widows and Half-Orphans, Berthelot Street. The Mount Royal Cemetery, on the east side ot I the Mountain, is beautifully located, and is much Ire- i i quented by strangers. ... , ,, The McGill College^ an mstitution deservedly ce- lebrated, occupies a beautiful situation at the base ot : the .mour/tairi. It was founded by^ the late Hon ;, - James McGill, whobequeathed a valuable estate and £10,000 for its endowment. . t- ,,•• The Grey Nunnery is situated on Foundling ^ ' Street, and is designed for the care of foundlings and the infirm. • - ^ - . The Champ de Mars, immediately in rear ot the Court House, is the place where.the troops m garrison . assemble foi: review and parade. - u We have now given a brief enumeration oi the principal public buildings and places in Montreal and vicinity, in ord^r that those at a distance, into whose ; hands this book may fall, may be enabled, shou d ^ tbey visit this city and. any of its manufac ones, to , blend the agreeable with the useful. ^.We.might mention many other attractions, which this city pos- sesses, were it not for the inexorable demands «1 space. We trust, '.however, that we have dorf^ ^ enough to4how that Montreal, besides being the ereat Provincial centre of manufactures and dom- raerce, can claim, on account^of her public buildings, the attention of the man of taste ; on account ot her ' charitable institutions, the att<;ntion of the.phitan- ihropist; on account of the beauty of her position, the attention of every one possessed of admiration, lor i what is pleasant and for what is picturesque. ' ^©S0^' ^ -^ ■■ ^^. ^ t*t ^> i MONTREAL BUSINESS SKETCHES. THE CANAL IRON WORKS. THOMAS PECK A CO. These works, the property of Mpssrs. Thomas Pexk * Co , are situated oa the X3anal, whp»re thpy carry on an extensive business in the manufacture of iron, cut'nails, an(Vnail p^ate, as well a) ship and railway spikes The process of noakinf; naila iayolves more labour, and re- quires more powerful and complicated machinery than a person bestowing a casual/tboueht on the matter wou!d be led to suppose. The Bi|iuufActure of a nuil, the va- rious manipulations to be undertaken before it is turne{l out perfected, are very "interesting and deserve a b ief descripiion. As a preliminary step it is necessary to be- gin with the rolling mrtl8r;>where, amid the, crash of large macMnes, the roar and g'lire of furnaces, the iron ia rolled into the required shirpe and thickness. There are four puddling furnaces, an ' two called heating fumsces, each attended by two mfn The fires are kept up dMy and night, and the work goes on for the whole week, O)- ly ceasing' on Saturday evening, when the furnaceti are extinffuished. Bach of the puddling furnaces is chHreed wit^ 4S0 poands of pig iron, which remain exposed to the action of intense heat for about jin hoor and a half. During this time a workman, In the lightest possible cos- tume, is engaged incessantly with a long bar of iron, which be thrusts through a small aperture in the door of \ •Q - u'a I '5) 10 BUSINESS SKETCHES 'g iSt*. ,h. lurnace, in taming over the ^^*^*;. J°^nch at Toronto, which was commenced about 1832, under the manage- mentof Mr. J. W. Brent-, upon the retirement ot Mr. Brent several changes in management occurred, associ- ated with ^ich were the names of the late Messrs. T j Farr and Richard Kneeshaw, and subsequently that of Mr Wm. Elliot. In 186a the Niter was ft'lyni^ed to co-partnership under the style of Lyman, E^i^ot 8( Co. Under the present management the business of this branch has been greatly extended, and, is now only se- cond in importance to that carried on at ihe parent es- tahiishment in this city, which it is now proposed to ^"siuiated No. 226 St. Paul Street, the building extends a^ far'backward as Capitol Street In height, it is tour stories in front, and in the rear five. But large as ard these premises, they fire insufficient for the purposes of the trade of the firm, who have three buildings in dit- terent parts of the pity occupied as stores ; the latter places, howler, are rented, while the estHbUshmept in St. Paul Street, as well af the mills on th^^^Lachme Canal, are .the property of Unmans. ' lare * Uo. ine basement of the store in St.^1 Street is the c-opers package department, and also^or the stowage ot mia- celaneous articles. Here orders are filled as far as re- i -»%^4a • I .J^-1^^^ BUSINESS SKEJCHES. eardB packages for delivery and shipment, and here also goods are received. In this place there are several large metal tanks for holding oils ; and there is also an ingenious hoisting platform apparatus, constructed by G Brush, Esq , Eagle Foundry, which elevates goods to the highest parts ot the building. This improved plat- form hoisting machine was first employed by one ot the members of this firm for a store occupied by Messrs. Johnston & Co., in St. Peter Street. On the second flat, in rear, is the chief warehouse— Clerks' office, to which all orders, from the office proper, are brought. 'Here is the miscellaneous packing department i and in the vicinity, is a place where women are kept constantly employed in the washing of bottles. Here are tanks also for varnish and castor oil, and a bottling counter, the tanks beiog supplied by a pipe from the filtering room in an upper story. The third flat contains the or- der room proper ; here is a large number of stock casks and tins, for storing away the different articles used in the trade, and any quantity of soaps, &C.. as .well Ba patent medicines. On this flat, also, are the general of- fice, private ' ffice and sample-room ; in this latter place every article for sale in the store is to be found repre- dented— in fact it is an epitome of the trade. The fourth flat is .principally devoted to colors, which have to be kei^t separate r here also there is a room for patent me- dicines in stock, for confectionery, and for seeds. There is a castor oil filtering-room, with a capacity of torty filters ; after passing through these filters the oil falls into ttfbes, and thence is conveyed to the proper reser- voir below. Thetrade done by the ficjn in this 6m arti- cle of castor oil is great, as may be judged from th« fact that they dispose of some seventy-five cases every three months. each containing twenty gallons. This flit also contains a work room for females, and a room appropri- ated exclusively ta the preparation of tinctures. The fifth flat contains a. vast quantity of medical glass and eartheflwaie ; while the Jittic is devoted to the reception of light goods, roots, empty packages, stoneware, j^rs, (b &c. To describe the shop of Lymans, Clare & Co. I » - . / 3j^(» \^ A / iJI ^v^>3S>a-. BUSINESS SKETCHES 15 < would be a task of too much difficulty ; but if variety of goods, neatness, order and handsome appearance count for anything, then it has no superior. THH FACTORY ON THE LACHINB^CANAIi Has. a frontage of 80 feet, and a depth of 130 ; it ex- tends from the Canal to the River St. ^^^wr^nce, tl e part facing the former being ^ve stories and that bor- dermg on the latter being four m heigi^ ; as a whole therefore, the factory may be considered %n important as wen a's an extensive one. The farst fiat of t^e tacto y inrenr, i8> appropriated to the manufacturing of pu y and pa nts, the operations b.ing performed by powerful machTnery immense stones like those used in a large i flour miu' entering prominently i°to \h« operations^ i Here also is made, from the refuse of the oil, the gas ' required for the Establishment. On this story there s^Uo a powerful f-rce-pump, capable of throwing water on any part of the building, m case of fire. The second flat is the mill proper. In this pljce the grinding of gypsum is carried on; a softer kind of this mineral is prepared as manure -a harder sp.'ci^ is converted inta calcined plaster, fo^ stucco »wor^ ers. The gypsum is procured from the C^ulf ot tot. Lawrence and the coast of Nova Scotia and c'onveyed thither in barges. The machinery for grinding the gyp- sum con Lts of two runs of stones -'^ Powerfu Imeta mills, able to grind thirty barrels per hour. There is Sie run of stones for the grinding of various kinds of snices In a separate portion of this flat, a part of the operation of manufacturing linseed -oil is carne^d ou The seed first ot all passes into a sieve, where it is cleaned of all the grosser admixture of seeds, stones &c ° then it is conveyed by an elevator to another part of the building, over.head, where the sand and dust a e ektracted in what is called a revolving screen. Ag^m h seed descends to the second flat, in which place it IS ground three times by cast-iron ^ll*"' ^^° «, ^^J.;.^ criiBh the kernel. Some fifteen rninuteg J^'^^e f^"- ^^' J procesi.. From the crushing mill the seed passes to the ^ '^-B^'Giji I ^c- J,.^ ij^^,m BUSINESS SKETCHES miiUers and scrapers, where it is prepared for the steam table, situated in the story above; the hei^ted meal is now put inio bags between squeezers, and placed in })owerful presses, the oil from which is conveyed by pipes into reservoirs, in a contiguous building. Fifteen , minutes suflRce for this last operation, at the end of which the cakes are removed from the presses, stripped, trimmed and taken away to the storehouse, where it is seasoned for the home and foreign markets, and where it finds a ready sale as food for cattle. There are four of the presses just mentioned — two vertical and two horizontal— but the power they exert is the same. In th^ same flat there are eight drug mills, comprising ma- chines for grinding drugs of all descriptions. There are also a number of spice mills ; all these machines have to be enclosed in tighlly-fitting wooden cases, in order to prevent the escape of the impalpable powder, which if allowed to b-i expelled would prevent the workmen fr< m continuing their labors. The fourth flat is divided into two departments, in one of v^ich lins^ed, in the other timothy atd clover seed a^e cleaned. Here, as in all parts of the factory, water is the motive power; and by simply turning -a screw that lifts the flood-gates, the machinery is put in operation. As be- ftne mentioned, the oil cisterns are outside the mill pro- [nr. 1 here are two of them, each divided into two compartments, the whole containing four thousand gal- lons In the bafeement between this building and the one facing- the canal, there is a machine, cylindrical at the ends, but approaching towards a cone in the centre, atul C'lntaining several knives ; the purpose to wMeh this apparatus is applied is ctftting dje-wood. r^ log, placed on a horizontal bed, is forced* against the\ knives, which, chopping it almost across the grain, slice it off in small chips" as easily as cheese might be shred up with a sharp cleaver. Five tons of such Ba«,ter,ial as logwood can be thus reduced in the space of ten hours. Tlip mill store, fronting the Canal, is five stories in h'ight, excluding the basement, and is 80 feet long by G5. iue first story contaiLS paints, chalks, oils, glass, a £ w>^^ ■ ■ — ' ^ -^Q^G^ L. C SF^ |i' L. c BUSINESS SKETCHES. putty, &c. V the second gypsum, dye woods calcined plaster, &c. ] the third for the packing up of oil cake for market, also for the depositing of spices and drugs. The fourth stwy contains a general assortment ot heavy and light drugs and colors. The fifth fl*t is used for the storage of flax seed, most of which is grown in Ca- nada : and here also is powerful machine rjr for hoisting from vessels discharging at the Canal their he-ivy car- ffots On the opposite side of Mill Street is a building stretching to the river's ed^e. A pipe from the oil cis- tern already mentioned, crosses the road and conveys the linseed oil into a n'lmber of vats, where it remains for a brief time to allow the sedimeot to collect at the bottom: after this is effected the oil is pumped into a series of boilers in a fire-proof building, where it is boiled and purified by temperatures ranging from 150 to 600 degrees. In this latter process the greatest caution is necessary. The walls of the premises just mentioned contain sheds for empty cases, for the storage ot acids, for the manufacture of the tinware used in the factory, a carpenters' and a coopers' shop. These mills produce 60 000 gallons of oil and BOO tons linseed cake annually, but we learn that they could yield a much larger quan- tity if the production of fl^ix seed were extended m the Province Taken as a whole the premises are well fitted for the business to which they are made subservient, and bear a>full share in the testimony to the progress ot the manufactures of the city of Montreal. MONTREAL TYPE FOUNDRY, There are few who, although desirous of learning some- thing about the matter, po^^ess any knowledge concern- ing the making of types-those tioy atoms which go to make up the wdrW of informauon The subjoined ari- cle will endeavor t^wipply, on this subject, a few tacts, which, it \i hoped, wilt give the reader an idea, however imperfect, of the manner in which the process of type founding is carried out. The only type foundry in this Province is that owned by Mr. Palsgrave, corner of Le- k®^^ -t^eQi^ BUSINESS SKETCHES moine and St. Helen Streets, Montreal ; and here the art, in all its branches, may be, witnessed in fuU opera- tion. On the top story df the bnilding, the metal un- dergoes the first process. Her6 there i^ a large caldron, into which are thrown lead and other metaltic, ingre- dients, the latter being intended to gire the first- mentioned substance a tenacity foreign to itself alone. Those metals, when thoroughly combined are iun into pans, and as soon as cooled the amalgamatefd^mass ie taken below to the next story to be used in thVcasting of the type; for this purpose there are some JOiis; or ten machines, of which the following description ijlay con- vey a kind of impression. The type-casting machine is farDishbd at the top with a small pot, where the metal is kept melted by a little fire immediately underneath, In this pot is a cylindrical plunger, which pumps the metal through a small aperture,, on the outside of the pot of basin. A crank communicates wM the plunger ; when the crank is turned by the man w|^-works the machine, the pump, by its pecoliar action, draws ^the molten metal from the pot and propels it through'a small nipple. Di- rectly opposite this nipple is the mould, closed at the opposite end by the matrix of the type, and into this the metal is projected. The type is formed upon the instant, and cools as soon as formed ; then the machine expj^Is it, and it slides down an inclined plane to a box af the side of the machine. The casting of type is performed so rapidly that 200 small type can be made within a minute. The machine itself is a very ingenious mechanical con- trivance, bat so numerous are its parts, and so complica- te(^it3 functions, that it is impossible to understand it fully without seeing it in operation. After the type is cast there remains attached to the extremity a little piece of metal, technically called a "jet." These jets are bro- ken off by boys in the most rapid manner imaginable, and without the spectator being able to discover by what manual process it is performed. The type is next give over to. a number of girls, who sit round a circular sto: table. These young women rapidly pick up a type ea and rub it upon the table, in order to smooth the ^ y i^^ 1' ./'^ „ - w r ' ..,/ w -l^^ f ^ ^:&^^^. _J>^55^^ A y BUSINESS S K,E T C H E S .^ J ^^' .X^-:4>. face. The dexterity with whfcb the types are thas man- ipulated is astonishing ; it must be understood, however, that the rubbing process is confined in this instance to the body of the type. After this the types are taken to a young woman, whose business it is to smooth only those letters the face of which projeoti over th^body. V Then they are "set up" by a girl, preparatory to being ^dressed by a workman. This process consists in the type being placed in a rov npon a bench, and smoothed to a uniform accuracy ; here also is grooved put the rem- nant of the Jet broken o3f by the boys, which leaves the tjpe^f a perfect and uniform height, iinother work- man sorts out whatever type are in the Bligh,test degree defective. They are then packed up in .papers in square shape, and are now ready for being sent to the printing office. In addition to the casting of type, tti^ foundry turns out in grea^ numbeirs what are known in priating offices as "le»^» "brass rules," and other articles, the use of which can only be properly understood^ by professional cbrnpositora. On t^e third story iS't^ mechanics' room, under the charge of Mr. Drummond, and here is constructed every machine used in the foun- dry ; here, also, the processes of stereotyping •and elec- tro typing are carried on. This shop contains a vast va- riety of tools, all of which are found to be necessary, for in reality there is no art which requires such skill and mathematical accuracy. There is one operation >whlch requires the utmost carefulness, namely— making the matrices in which the type is cast. These matrices are of copper, and the die is cut towards the end. The foundry keeps stored away in an iron safe abou4i' 10,000 of these matrices, the value of which is about $20 000. The second story of the building contains the ware- room, where the type is deposited ready for market ; also inks, printing presses, Ac, are here packed away. The office is also on this flat. The foundry of Mr. Palsgrave, taken as a whole, is complete in every department, and the reputation which his manufacures have obtaiaed, extenda beyond "the Proviuice. The foundry keeps always employed 15 young women and 20 men and boys. ■^ :} ^ A "U**" ► nt BUSINESS SKETCHES -^ THE STARCH WORKS AT EDWARDSBURGH, CANADA WEST. \ ■-" - ■ The Starch "Works at Edwardsburgh, Canada We8t> poBsess the merit or pecajiari y of conititnting the only establishment cf the kind in the Province; and, Boch being the easf, are enti led Jo a brief description. The works are conducted by Messrs. Bensori k Aspden, and the Bub9t«Bce they manufacture finds its way not ocly oyer the Britieh possessions ii? North America, but to the English market, where they found it necessary to estab- lish eevert»l agencies. The build ngs, as riewed from the river, present an imposing appearance, and are the chief objects of architectural inteiest about the village of Ed- wardsburgh ; this latter place, it may be added, received its name out of compliment to the father of the Que«fi, Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, and is a locality which continues to improve rapidly. Tlie wor s, whi'h con- tain in addition, premises for the manufacture of *' Pre- pared Corn,*^' as obsetved from the water side are five stories in height, with a grain elevator displaying- its towering proportioPB far above the roof The machinery in the interior is worked by water power, the motive ageht coining from the canal adjoininp, whence it iss' es through eleven openings each of which is four feet«ride by six feet in depth These channels supply the ffume or mill-head, a powerful body of wat,' r, in depth ten, and in width twenty-five feet. This flume has a fall of 8i feet, and possesses a driving earacity of about 900 horse power. When this stream rea' hes the starch factory, it propels three large wheels. A building, distinguished by ft lofty ehlmnpj, and apaipt from the factory, contains a steam boiler equal to the diivif g of an engine of ff)rty horsepower; t-he steam supplies the buildii^ with heat in winter •, and every day in the year gives, to a'n umber of closed chambers, a temperature varying from 120 to 160 degrees. The fifth story of the building receives the corn, which ascends through the elevator from the steamer that comes alongside Tb^jj^ranary can contain . 35,000 bushela of cm, which, filltd in the fall aad emp- ^ l ^^50^ ^"*^^!c ^s>^^ * I BUSINESS SKETCHES tird in winter, represents only balf the yearly Wprly. Now, to dfsc nd to th§ bottom of 'be factory, and certain hatchways being lifted up, water is seen in tumultuous action below, and is heard howling and seething as if a hundred leviathans in the dirk depths were noaking the inimitably p werful element to •' boR like a pot." The sight recalls to mind two lines in Childe Harold's deflcNp- ticn of thp Falls of Volturno :— " The hell of waters— how they howl and hiss, And boil in endless torturte." " In this Tartarian reservoir, four wheels, four feet in di- ameter each, are concealed from observation, and are made to work horiz ntally, having respectively a capaci- ty amounting to forty-h rse .power. The s ream, after driving th- se wheela,'fallfl into the canal whence it issued. The water is pumped from these reservoirs through a bnge pipe, and then it is filt-rfd through means of beds of s.nd ; and from the tanks into which it percoia'es, is bronght uD by means <'f pump^ and distributed into vh- ri us receptacles The corn, when ab ut to be made into stacb.js sent down from the granary, where it is WHshed and left in bMhs, and undergoes a certain chfm- icftl process on y known to the proprietors ; there is, however, no fermentation. After having laid a sufficient time in these baths, 'he com ascends to the fifth story once more, wh-re it is dried for grinding jtdesiends in th«'ee streams to the fourth floor, and falls into circulnr iron case-, in each of which is a mill stone, and comnng thence descends into circular vats, afne rr ten feet high and six feet wi^e Thes" vats are supplied with filtered water, and in each there ip a ferti al sbaTt, with a wh^'l a' d fl*nge attached. This machinery agitates the whol^ of the contents, and svphons remove tiie liq-ud wbich^ now holds the s arch, the mass is sabsfqnently trans- ferred into a series of tanks, a- d the rejected matter la removed for the purpose of fattening cattle and pigs. In order to purify the starch it is rfmoved-4)v n)ech«ni«;al tr-ivellers from flaor to fl or, snd etrnined through silk cloths (costing four dollars a yarri), the cloths being olaansed dail^ m pure water wi h the best of so»pr- Un £>®^^ -s^^Q p ^^2 .J^^C^ BUSINESS SKETCHES the second or third floor there are ten or twelve tanka, to which the liquid starch is conveyed. These tanks are some tour feet deep, ten long, five wide at the top but narrower towards the bottom ; and there ia a row of plugs in the end of each for the purpose of allowing the liquid to be drawn oflF the precipitated starch in a grad- ual manner. Filtered water, to a depth of a foot, is brought upon five inches of this sediment, 'which, having developed itself into a hard and consistent sub8tance,..is cut in pieces with scooped shovels. Again being re- duced to a liquid, it is drawn off and runs to an apart- ment below, where the temperature is high : here there are troughs eig|it inches deep, eight wide, and about sir feet in length ; the starch ia strained mto these boxes by means of pieces of silk clo'h. Two inches of sediment are left ; more fluid is strained, making the stratum four inches, and two of these doubled strata laid together, making eight inches, are cut to form cubes of that size. Each of the cubes is wrapped separately in blue paper, carried to one of difl'erent small rooms, arranged on shelves, and crystallization effected by means of heat and currents of cold air, supplied by fans worked by ma- chirery. When the cubes are removed and unpapered, they fall into crystals. In another room boys are to be seen preparing paper and placing the starch in rftckag^s, each package being neatly labelled. The ** Prepared Oorn" is also put up in packages, and labelled with di- rections how to use it in making puddiags, pi« crusts, Ac. The di^ rent kinds of starch manufactured are— Canada Satin Face Starch, Canada Silver Gloss Starch, and Pure Starch, white and blue. These are gu»ranteed tlfe best that can be made, and have taken the Prize Medal at the London Exhibition of 1PG2, and every other Exhi- bition where they have been sbown.'in Montreal, Toronto and elsewhere. But the mcMit substantial proof of the superiority of the starch is, that wholesale conBumeri in Bng'and pay a much higher price forMt than for any oth^^r produced in the world. The factory can turn out 6,000 pounds daily, and the boxes to contain this lequire an- nually in their construction 600,000 feet of lumber. The *l 4., ''^"\g]Hr- BUSINESS SKETCHES. vats, altogether, are 80 in number, with a- capacity of aboat 200,000 gallons. • The saw mill has a circular saw of QvQ feet in diameter, and can make 10,000 feet of lum- ber iu twenty-four hours ; there are four other smaller , saws. There are also a splitting machine, a machine for tongueing and grooving boards and flooring, a Daniel's planer for planing square timber, turning lathes, boxing machines, &c. The buildings are of brick and substan- tial in construction. The starch factory is supplied with a reservoir at the top, and thirteen hundred teet of pipe conveys water to ervery part of the building, so that a fire could be instantly overpowered. The buildings were commenced in 1858 and finished in 1860, taking nearly two years in their cbtstruction, and with the flume head, gates, &c., cost over $LO0,O0O. About fifty men and boys are constantly employed on the premises. Taken as a whole, these premises, for the purposes in- tended, could not be surpassed, for every facility that science could offer for the manufacture of starch is here at hand. And it should be a source of pride to every one who takes an interest in the Industrial development of this country, aad who sees this department make itself known and honored so widely, that there exist among as the Starch Works of Edwardsburgh, Canada West. EAGLE FOUNDRY. The Eagle Foundry, Mr. George Brush, proprietor, is a very extensive establishment, situated on King- Street, running back to Queen Street, which passes through it, and on the opposite side of which is the boiler shop. The premises cover about a block and a half. This is the oldest foundry in the city, being established in the year 1823. It was first built and owned by John D. Ward k Brothers. In the year 1839 Mr. Brush became a partner, and afterwards, in 1845, sole proprietor. The manufactures of the Foundry may be said to consist chiefly of steam engines, boiler work and machinery generally. The engines and boilers of some of the best and fastest boats on the river were made at this estab- ^&^ -J^^^ BUSINESS SKETCHES lishment. The names of the old " Quebec," the " Pass- port," the •* Prince of Wales" or the Ottawa, and the tug boats " James Mackenzie" and " Caledonia" (for- merly the " Alliance"), may be cited in proof of the above statement. It may also be further added that in the year 1840 this Foundry furnished the engines, 256 horse power, for H«r Majesty's frigate "Sydenham." At the present time Mr. Brush is engaged in building, for a new steamer ifor the Royal Mail Line between here and Upper Canada, a very large and powerful engine. The vessel, which is of iron, Clyde built, is being erect- ed in.tbe city this year, the plates being 8entl)ut from Scotland. The steamer, however, will not commence running until next year. The making of engines is the principal business of the Foundry, and of late years it has turned out a great many stationary ones. Mr^ Brush also furnishes all kinds of machinery for factdTi«a., Therff are so many facilities for the purpose in this Foundry, that engines of ordinary sizes can be con- structed at very short notice. There are six distinct^ shops, namely— the pattern, blacksmith, fitting, mould-^;^ ing, boiler, and brass foundry. The concern employs between 60 and 100 hands. It would seem that during the past six years business has not been so brisk as at the present time. Mr. Brush, just now, is constructing a good doal ofminmg machinery for the Eastern Town- ships ; also, the machinery for the new and peculiar grain elevator of Gumming k Farish, situated on the Canal Basin. Mr. Brush has received two diplomas and two-medals, at the Exhibition held in this city during the visit of the Piince of Wales. The horlBontal high pressure engine which drove the machinery at the Ex- hibition was made in this Foundry ; it is at present used to work the elevating machlpery in operation in Hon. Jf^lm Young's stores, Wellington Street. Mr. Brush can build highpressure engines equal to, and cheaper, than any imported from the States : and generally keeps t^o or three on the premises for sale. He constructs engines and boilers with much care and of the best material. He has made some tobacco machinery, and constructed i Ois^ I rr-i^1^c^ bu-^iNe8s sketches articlea, this story contains a, very iarge collection of eheff hardware, which must 1)6 passed over. The secOnd story is appropriated to the purposeaof fka>ove depart- ment, of which there isa large oumbtr of the most im- proved patterns. Here there is also to be seen a large assortment of refrigerators, meat .safes, t^^^ter coolers, &c There is a- handsome selection of American grates and fenders, in black, plated and gilt mouldings, with pU e glass sumiuer pieces to close. This story itlso serves as a sample room for, among other thiiigs, wash- ing machines, clothes mangles, tenders, and the challenge kitchen ranges. There is a large assortment of registers an * ventilators. These articles; it is apprehended, have not deceived from the public tlie attention to which 'hftir importance entitles .them. If many of our large halls and other places of public resort— jf our larger houses, for instance, were supplied wiifa efficient registers and ventil tors, not pnly a vast amount of discomfort would be warded off, but the/d*Q>jer8 pAtend^nt upon the inhaling of vitiiited air would be effectually prevented. It is scarcely netessary to observe ttat the registers and ventilators of Hagnr & Co. are 8S good as can possibly be constructed The first flat is the sljop, or rather the wtail department It would be impossible to enumerate the variety of articles for sale here. Nothing in the hard- ware line seems to be left unrepres nted. Here, aghin the eye rests upon an excellent collection of ..Ooking stoves, from those used in the small st house to those in nquiPition in ihe Iwrgest ho'els,' There is one specimen, nnmed a double-^ven stove, whi; h seems to possesB many advantages, one gt which is that the waste heat is made to warm the second oven. With regard to the matter of bhildere' hardware, Hagar & >. supply everything in tlia' line, such as tichly plated door locks and knobs, de- corated door kntbs and furniture, &o Thniation With every article lu theii trade, the firm is amply tupplied. ^v:g>i0<- r^-Q% \ BUSINESS SKETCHES SAVAGE Su LYMAN. The firm of MesBra. Havage & Lyman, Tmp-^rtera and Manufact irera ©f Gold, SiWer, and Plated Ware.Watcbes. Jewellery, &c , Ac , ia one of the oldest in the city ihe bnaineas was first commenced in 1818. by the late Mr. •Geo Sivage, in company with hia son, in the building now occnpied by IMeaara Murphy ABrothera, Notre Dame Street Weat In 1826 they removed to St. Paul Btrent, opposite the old Hotel Dieu. In 1^35 they agam re- moved a few doora east, to the building now occupied by Meaara. Thomaa, Thibandeau k Co , and three y^ara afterwarda to t e atore now occupied by Mr. Alex. Mc- Gibbon, corner of Notre Dame and St. Gabriel Streeta, where they remained for a period of tw^nty-two yeara, opening in 1859 the premises they t^oW own and occipy 159 Notre Dame Street, where Stood the old Bngliah Oh- thedral previoua to ita destruction by fire. Messra Sa- vaee k Lyman hav? thua removed five imes m n half century, beio« neoesaltated thereto takeep pAce with the Changes of the < ity an,d the growth of their buainesa. Mr. Theodore Lym^n became a partner in 1851, and the busi- nfas baa aincc been carried on uud^r the style of Savage k Lyman, in the premises already roentioned which forma one of the buildings known as "Cathedra Bock ' It ift tbree at-rieB high, and of beautiful arch! «Mural pro- portions ; it haa a frontage of 25 and a depth of 80 fe t. The windows, which are very !"?« V'*, ^^^^J^^? "* Bqa.res of pKte glass, measuring 15 M in ^^elght by 6 feet in width. Too Stories are ver,\ lofty and light d from both front and rear. The store throughout is most beauMfully fitted up. Meaara Savage * Ly^'^s display of Jewellery is unsurpaaaed. in the Pr>vin^e their /tock Includea every variety of silver ware, pitchera, tea and coffee sets, trays, kniveirand forka, preaentati^ plat^ croaaea, badges, &c. Lately a pitc&er comp aed Sf oinadian silver, mwied in the Lake Superior region has been manufactured by Messrs. SavagelA Lyman. It i» of brge aiae, elegant design, and presents a very beautiful appearance, There are some very hand- f%i^^ -r^jQ^ 14* ^ 30 ? BUSINESS SKETCHES. — >-^^S^ some bronze, marble and porphyry vases on exhibi- tion ; ornamental writing desks in numbers ; brooches rings and bracelets of every design and value. The guard chains produced in the workshop of the firm are fully equalin attractiveness of pattern, and purity of metal, to any imported. The quantity of watches is as great as varied ; they are of all designs and of every cost. A number of these watches are from the establishment of Uiysse Nardin, Geneva, acknowledged to be the most accomplished in his trade of any one in EurQpeor Amer- ica. There is a species of watch sold by Savage & Ly- man, made by the celebrated Johnsoh, of London, which is called the "Universal seconds watch;" It is beautiful in Bbape, of complex construction, but of the greatest utiTUy in timing races -or indicating fractions of the se- cbnd. This watch should bo seen to be understood and its usefulness appreciated. There is also another kind of watch, called "The Night Indicator or Blind Man's Repeater." In the whole range of watchmaking, perhaps, there is nothing to equal this for utility. By a simple contrivance on the outer rim of the case, the time of the night 18 as accurately made known in the dark as if in broad daylight. A man deprived 'of sight, is in- formed of the exact hour by the same means. Their assortment of clocks, mantel, hall and house, is. very ex- tensive and complete. Messrs. Savage* Lyman have for sale a portmanteau, of very excellent design : itia- compact in shape, an admirable vade mecum, andin the interior contains space not only for change of clothing but holds a dressing case and writing materials, envfr! lopes, pens, pencils, ink and paper. 'There are also on view knife-cases, finely formed outside, and having in- side compHrtmenta sufficient to hold all the knives used by a family ; it may be well to add, that these knives are manufactured in Sheffield, to the order of this firm Among the many statuettes exhibited, are tboae of the Prmoe and Princess of Wales ; they ar# of pure untar- nished marble, and very beautiful. Messrs. Savage & Lyman are large dealers in military goods, such as swords, sashes, and all the requiaitea for complete uni- ^QjfiH- s u ■Y ■ '^(tQ^ k \ n '"4 ^ BUfilNESS SKETCHES. -31 §• forma. ^They also deal in every variety of electro-plated ware, indeed so varied ia the stock in their Show rooms, that a visit and that only 6an enable any one lo appreci- ate its exteut, and the skill and taste evinced in the pro- duction of the different articles that meet the eysr- WIATHEWIATICAL AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS, Mr. Chartes Hearn, Manufacturer and Importer of Ma- thematical and Optical. Instruments, 160 Notre Dame Street, Montreal, is a gentleman whose establishment is well worthy of a visit by all who wish to ascertain by actual observation to what perfection the higher me- chanichal arts have been brought in Canada. The school apparatus, surveying instruments, microscopes, drawing instruments, telespopes, barometers, opera and . marine glasses, theiinometers, magic lanterns, chemical apparatus, philosophical instruments, hydrometers and sacharometers, guaging rods, scales, rules, hygrometers, &c., here fur sale, are highly worthy of the attention of all whose pursuits, or scientific taste, render the posses- sion of such objects necessary. It may be asserted, without fear of contradiction, ,that similar articles bet- ter made or more highly finished it would be impossible to procure in any workshop in the Dnited^tatea or else- *■ where. Mr. Hearn is the manufacturer Of an exceeding- ly valuable instrument, for testing coal oil, and named a pyrome ter. This invention accurately and plainly in- dicates the precise degree of temperature at which the vapours of petuoleum or any hydrocarbon oil produces an explosion, and also the temperature at which the oil will be ignited by the approach of flame. This " coal oil Pyrometer" is an article that reliably and quickly teats oils of all descriptions, and enables the purchaser at once to reject such as inflame or vaporize at too low a temperature for safety in household use. By the use of this instrument many if not all, of those dreadful ac- cidents, which the newspapers are called upon to record 80 frequently, may be preventied. Mr. Hearn has an ex- -*^^S/ii r ^ 32 BUSINESS SKETCHES cellent collection of schobl apparatu^^ illustrat^g the leading principles of physical science ; and those who aim at reaching the undetstanding through the vision, coald not do better than test by personal inspection, the 'merits of these and other cheap and beau tjul instru- ments to be s^en at Mr. Beam's establishment. MONTREAL MARBLE WORKS. These works, which are now carried on by Messrs. James Mayor & Oo , were first established in 1846 by Mr. Sherman, in Great St. James Street, on the ground where the St. Lawrence Hall now stands. Shortly afterwards Mr. Sherman moved a Httle west in the s^me street, and afterwards to St. Paul Street, where he sold out to Messrs. Hyatt k Oo. The works were again moved to the building now occupied by Mr. Irwin, sad- dler, in McQill Street. Here Mr. Mavor became a part- ner of Mr. Hyatt's, in 1851, and so continued until 1858, when Mr. Mavor became sole proprietor, haviug in^be meantime removed to the corner of St. Peter and Omi^ Streets, where the works are now carried on. Every use to which marble can be made subject, is here to be found represented, and that, too, in a very superior manner. A brief description of the nature of the work carried on in this establishment may, perhaps, have the effect of serving to interest the reader. To begin, in the first place, with mantel pieces— there is every variety of t ese to be found on exhibition. They, are of marbl^ plain addh Bcalptured, and of various prices, and contain^ American made grates of the latest designs and of hU patterns. Some of these jpantel pieces are exquisitely carved, and display a profasion of design tbi)t ta](es the spectator by surprise. But this will not appear strange when it is known that Mtivor & Oo. have made it a con- stant study how to transform the plain mantel piee| into an elaborate work of art ; and it may with safety foe said that the taste and fiaish displayed are not to be snrpadsed by any European artist. A visit to this showroom will oonvince the most fastidioas that while such talent and / ri O fa ic t€ s\ ti tl ti ai fl. tl t( b( q tl d % t( *^ ~4 -;^^^^ ->OiQ^ / BUSINESS SKETCHES 33 ^^ -i( facilities-ex st in our midst, there is no necessily for le-av- ing Montreal in search for better sculfture. These man- tel pieces are composed of diflerfnt varieties of marbte, such as Egyptian (green and gold), Lisbon and Verd an- tique Mavo' & Co. have commenced^ a new branch of their trade : they have begun the manufacture of rnarble tiling, inlrtid with black or faacj marbles. These tiles aramade of every shape and design, and to suit ev^ry floor ^nd every taste. There is no doubt that aranug the wealthier classes of the com-munity this new additioa to house decoration will come into general use ; of its beauty there can be no question, neither can there be n question aa to iia durability. As ar as reg-irds sculp- ture, M vor & Go. may justly feel proud. Like the kin- dred art of painting, ii is one. that appeals instantan^oualy % to the senses, with a pleasurable piwer peculiarly its own. Mavor & Oo. produce their sculptures from original de- jain, until the red-hot metal has des- troyed the loam or tenacious principle. There is. to be seen beie an mmMise variety of castings, coropnsipg ev^y thing in the hardware bufiness. Among other spe- ciujens of the moiilder's art, a superior description of kiln plates, for drying malt, is pointed out These are light irnn plates, 18\inches square, ^nd pierced with hun- dreds of longitudiokl apertures, which must all be of equal a- d exact 8ize,\and .heplSres must also be perfect- ly stPHight, or they Would be of no value. Heretofore these plates, for the ri^ost part, were imported from Scat- land And the Dnited\ States; 'but the plates turned out >&0% ^©J^'*- ^^iG^ V _J^(^0^ BUSINESS SKETCHES bv IveB & Allen &v» pronoucced to be superior to either, aBUiey..re8tnooliier, lighter, and having a largtr num- ber cf boleB cf uniiorm size. Here aie also to be seen metaluc bur al cas s, and as they require to be light and 6CQ0O h, are diffiijuU to cast, and require great t kill in mou-ldiug. Iq the p-ittern room, which is m a brick buiWla adj iuing, there are avast number ot pi tterna of ibe differeiit va.ietits ofmanufacluiea articles, all ot which are vrtludbi.e, being for the most part maiJe of brass and ligblv fiuibhed ; these amount in value to several aiousund dollars. 1 . the wood p.atern shop are carvers, design rs and filters. Here the moulOiug apparatus and bo*e8 large numbers of which are rtquiTed, are made; « there'is a circular aaw, as well as oih» r convenunt ma- chinery, for .he purpose. At the present ime two ele- can p aierns forra.lings are in hand. Aie is designed Lr a ruiiiug in fr hi of .he new Royal^urHnce buili- iuR6 ; and the other lor the residence ot Mr. >* inks, m DorcLes er Street. These^ibe, public will soon h>ive an oppor uuliy > t sefing in^heir proper places, and they . will be wurih examiuiu^^s fine speeioieus of workman- ship. Heiuiuiug ihw^u.«h the noisy and dusty mil ing au"^main Uil.iug is agair. reached,^ the first fl ,ur ot;sfbm id the machin room Here ih re Bre a nurui)er of^'ngmi )U8 )ab ur-Bavin^ mMchines j^ ihey require im liwle «tieuUon, aad do a great amuum of wrik F r#iatic . there are self-^^ctii.g lat es, tour o| wbichare opvt-ited by one ruan ; there is also a drilling m.ic^ti«j^ch i^ ail^nded by one lad, and dril d six bole- -imuHan^ouBly. T e second st-ory is div ded into an . tffce and sa-u^ le room, and al^o coulair s be pnicluug ju> m TheSe rooms are surrounded by deep eh Ivtg, dually packet wilh tiafdwaie, neatly wra. ped in strong V,.p.r anl bandsomely labelled, h I8 the luleulion of M.B-ra' lvf» & Allen to ktep a stock ot al. these amall w..r d, so ib.a or.lers coming in ir.^m any part of ihe c.UMir^ mHy be fi led at once. In tbe ihird story is the jH,Hnnii.g r.mrn, with ts large oven, tor bnk ng or drv- JLtfihe Hnicle atier it h.s boen dipptd m ihe J. pan In \ixiih^t r.om, pdturu makers aretmpiojeJ in const uct- 1^)^' ^< i jji^- G^ V. '■■iSt r^ -. , % '?^^i€M- BUSINESS SKETCHES 37 § &p3 ■»^ I S O IDK and finishing metal patterns. A great number of email articles of oraament are attached to oue gate, and then cast in one piece ; aft^-rwarda they are separated. On the o her side of the street there 'is a large storehouse, nearly 100 feet long, and fill«4with stoves, hollow ware, Imth tubs, chimney caps, bcT' Messrs. Ivea & Allen have been four years in briaging this business to its pte- sent state. When they started they had about a dozen persona employed ; now they have over 60. and what is noticeable is that there is am ng them but few boys. All the persons engaged — or mostly all — are skilled work- men, who earn large washes, some as high as three dollars per day.' Messrs. Ives k Allea do" not ret'iil their hard- ware, stoves,- or bollow ware, but sell only to wholesale dealers throughout the Pruvince. The chief disadvan- tage they labor under here, is the limited market, which obliges iliem to keep ^ ttirge vari-ty of manufactures, in order to make their business of sufficient amount, instead of confining themselves to a few articles, la passi g through ttie establishment of Messrs. Ives & Allen one cannotf «rl to ije much interested, and wish their enter- prise that success which their energy seems to entitle them to. / PROWSE &. MACFARLANE. This <*fltav^li8hment, situated No. G6 Great St. James Street, has been long and favorably known as a House Furnishing ft0)h^re which no other metal for rcohng can boast c^The retr gerators manufactured by this turn are con- cf. itiereir.gerH „ .proved ffcientihc pnncpUs caretui WorKraa J>rowEe & Jiaqfarlane are very cxlon- e, ?ud Zta na,' bcsiJes such arUelea .8 .re^ahufa.- . '^^n ,h« nr,,iiiaea every conceivable nlcosll rtqimed f •PP^ • «' -y-r^'/ . j - *;.^" ^^J?M-- lb n' \ s BUSINESS SKETCHES 80 few people know ainythinp; wbatsoever. The large show cases round the snop and ip the centreof the floor contain a cljoice selection of plated-war<» and cutlery. A visit to the show room of these gentlemen will amply repay any housekeeper; for no one can witness this dis- play without learning something in the matter of comfort anil household economy that cannot be easily obtained in any other way. HOME-MADE PIANOFORTES. A visit to the show rooms of Mr. Thos. D. Hood, Pianoforte Manufacturer, GrAt St. James Street, Mont- real, will convince the Professor of Music, or the ama- teur, that there exists among us both the talent and the means for producing instruments that will bear compari- son, in quality »nd style, with the best that can be con- Dtructed. Mr Hood is successor to Messrs. Mead, Bros., who were the first to introduce the manufac ure of pianos into Canada, having establshed themselves in thia city in the year 1827. Messrs. Mead, Bros, successfully pro- secuted the business for a period of twenty-five years, retiring in 185i, when it passed into the hands of Mr. Hood, who had acted as thejr foreman foi many yt^ars. Mr. Hood" first conducted the business in the premises No. 29 Notre Dame Street. In 1857 he erected the fac- tu:y in Charap-de-Mars Street, which he still Occupies, and in 1860 removed his show rooms fom Notre Damo Street to his present location, adjoining the Weslejaii Church, Great St. James Street. Mr. Hood has devoted many years to the study of his profession, and has brought to bear upon it the skill which extended practice and observation irapftrt, and the complex ar.d scientific acquirements which every mechanic, but especially tho maker of musical instruments, should possess. He hi a perfected a new find strengthened scale, which gives in- creased powei' to the bass, and also superior clearness and depth of tone to the treble. It Is Impossible to con- vey, on paper, the nature of the improvement thtis intio- 'duoeJ ; the ear alouCf can judge and appreciate.. Mr. ^>!B^ -V- ; ■• »*^ :v* ->^{^^ BUSINESS PKETGHfiS Hood has often had the o portunity pf competing with forein made pianos, and it will be * Bource of graufica, t^nfo Canadians to announce that ^^^ f^^^^ ,^*^> J,"" off the palm. An instrument manut.ctured by Mr. Hood and s"it to the Lo don Exhibition, gave sucb sa- Us-ac'tion thlf i'was purchased ^or>e Sjd ha„. Cry. t«l Palace In addition to the exctrllent quali y oVJ«a« utrume'ts. their cheapness, as co-P«^^^^ • ^i^A ifl alnn ft Btronc point JQ taefflavour. In pur- ZTng ii ec ?rom trir^a'^turer. the opportuoay (whTch cannot be had in arfiuction room) is aff^jd« ' «t thorouVbly testing the instrument on the premises of .he maker whose reputation and profeaaional character de- Tod up 'H the good qualities of the article, and up n his treati g his customers with the utmost good faUh. Mr Hood has spared neither time, mon y, nor exB^iments fn bringing his art to jfttfectio^. , The pianos produced n EnorLhoVp.ssess a power, deptU and .a^ee-nes. of tonrXch must be heard to be appreciated-, while lir exterior fini8h..an^d beauty ot workmanship render £em an opament alike in the «>r«'°" «/ V ?i rlt* The manufactory ot m. Hoo.l, on Ohamp-de-Mars btreet exclusive ol the basement, .8 tour stories in height 1 he aset^ent 8 used for thi storage cf var.ish c.ses of reTyacking cases, -d the heavi^^^^^^^^^ used^in uB*ler« Th erst flit is used «8 a room for construct.ug th cases Is well as the sounding toards of the piano. >here is more trouble in m.-king the c^e of one of these instruments th«n must pople would sup- pose The secor.d flat is appro, riated to the P"^P08^« f S finishing, k^y-making. Btringlngand jpinni.g d^P^^^^^^^ ment. There are many -ngenious machines »^ »^P";^^°^ here, but there i8 on y space to nonce o°«. °»7 y'^^" apuHratus for spinning strings This mHchiue is em- ni.'.yed for the purpos- of cotering '^^ p»° J Bilver wire, an operation too compltx to dfscrib wire with minute- # — r%G>: f? • If ' f . X.. ^©{8NL- ^ BUSINESS BK E'T C H E 8 . iy, but rapidly and eiliciently perfdrmed. Onthis flat the *piano8 are supplied wiihtbe 'Necessary " action," and are finished and. made ready for the wareroom, Great St* James Street. The third flat is the polishing de^nrtment, and here, also, the pianos are Tarnished. To polish a piano i» a work of considerable difificuliy. In the first place four coats of v rnish have to be applied, and before the procesd is complete, eight coats more have to be ad- ded. It requires about three months to finish the whole properly The fourth flat is used as a drying, room, where the wood, before being sent to the wa kshop, lias to be thoroughly Beasoned. The factory is und r tbe Burerinter dence of Mr. McGregor, the foreman. Wheh one comes to think of the trouble which it must cost vo make a first-rate piano, of the neceeeity^r tbe^'greatest accuracy in adjusting the diflfetentpans to *ach other, of the nicety wiih which the Bpring:t And action must be regulated, it is a matter of surpiise that the perfected in- strument can be procured with such cbmpataiive cheap- n ss. MANUFACTURE OF BROOMS & MATCHES. Jles^ra Adams & Co. established their bii>«!nee9 in 1859, in one ct. Joseph'* buildings, Lemoine Stjreei, removing in vhe following yfetr to the central and comm< dious premiaea they now occupy, 46 Gfeat St JhUQes Srfet. Th if show Focm exhibits evtry variety of the mnnufac- •ture of Wood Fronting on Great St. J-ames Street the building is three stories in height, and stretcbea tack- ward 120 feet to Portificatibn Lan*-, where it is five sto- ries The first'flit is crammed with boyes of Te egraph mHtc^B, and up to the topmost s'Ory there is a great variety of^very kind of pails, tubs, butter-iionets, wag h- ing-boa^dfl brooms, Ac. In short, there s ems to be bardly ao^ species ot use to which wood can be c nvert- ed^ that remains un-eprejented in this ePtablishment. The quantity of bioctog iB astonishjng. The friicles of wo den and willow wi rjar« elreed ingly numerous. In one brao' h of (heir busioeBB Adams k to. ar^ laige '^^^ . iMipi -Mf^'^ ' BUSINESS SKETCHES dealers, that is to Bay in 8 kirt cane. Since the EmpreBS of the French introduced' this novelty m fe,male att;re, it has beco'me a regular branch of trade. In the great ron Wacruring t'owne of G«at Britain hundreds of tons of steel are annually converted into hodps^ but there are many instances tJ show these may prove h-ghly dan- gelp^s to the wearer. But the cane, skirt. ^Jf tever its obfctiona to some/ possesses, nevertheless, the merit of comDaratWe^afety The ladies of Canada have here an IZTnTZlt' flom which tb snpply themselves ; and these aricles of dtess have the merit of cheapness and durabUitv to recommend them. The firm ot Adams & Co are argely engaged in the manufacture o Telegraph * matchefl These iTseful articles are made in inconce.va- bte Quantity The process of their production is a very ingenious one. and can be carried on wi h P^eat rapidity ^ ior this purpose, aB well as many others, the Firm hav6 f;o fac^tcV.es'in Colbcroe^Ajenue. I'^f « ^ XmsTta .occupied by machinery, which now-a-days jerforms its par7so extensively in every stage of mechanjcal labour^ The tactcry employs a considerable number ot men, boys ant girls tirwhole year roiand. The Telegra^^ ma ch manufactory of Adams & Co., ^^^"^J^.^^^ %^i^^'?;„7 Avenue is a place that presents many poinis ot interest, wlnv Peopl" v^-ho "Be these matches doubtless have won- f'r Fhow so many can be given fcr BO small a s^ m ; but When the process of manufacture comes to be bru lly explained, the reason will probably be u' derstood The. budires^ iV cooddcted in a two-story brick buldicg. On the upper lUt is a bench containing a s.ne. ot sa^s he work of which is to groove the boards ^nt*-nded for the b -xeg, ^hat hold each a quarier ot a gross of matches T! eee' boards are grooved ^^^^ ««^°"^f^'°^^"'„>^' J'r^J are li ted into their places with (qual speed ; so »hat no fewer than tive hundred boxes can be turned out -n the cmr e ot the day. l-n t#. hrst flat is powerful machin- erv for nre, aring wood , to be formed into matches A \Z i "c.. up by a circular saw, is then pushed under a H'.:i.-"--tHrl. hen is made i"to blocks about hve^r ill inch s in. thickness and twire the ,engih d the com- i m t liUSlNESS SKETCH LS 43 § n REDMOIVfD'S FOUNDRY. k mon match. This block is split into the s^ze of the ! match iu he,f(;llowinp; manner : a mould cf steel is fitted | into the back of an iron bed, so that it pr( jects slightly, ^1 but corresponds to the depth of the block ot wood. T is mould has runn'nw lengthwise through it a seri a ef holes, the h\z^ of the mat,ch in thickness ; each hole alternates wi'h a very small chisel Ttie wood is placed within a holder leading across, to the mould. ' The machine isthea sta#te'l, I he wood lying, upi n its flatsid^- rushes again-*t the mould endwise, and struck on the other end at the same time by a powerful bar 6t iron running horiz ntally, is sent into a basket in showers of splinters The ma ches are straightenei and put iarows into a frame. Th» y are then at both ends dipped into a vedSel of boiling sulphur, and aturwans into a preparation ot phos, ho»'U9. When 'dried they are shak n updn ft bench ; a 1 tile girl takes a handful, aiijusts it* to equal, length), chofS it in the mid- dle with an pparfttus at her fide, thfn nacks them into boxes. The rapidity with which this latter i roceas is pprfcrmed is Wrnderful, for as many as thirteen of these bc)Xej8 can be closely filled and covered in*a mimie. T'he esTabtishment employs a number of men, and a large Bumtier of boys and girls, and < an turn out about 125 gross of boxes — that is to say 2000 boxes per day The factory, by the employment it affords, is of much benr fit to th^- neighborhood. Adams 4 Co. ha«e a > uilding near at hand where brooms, &c ,arem'anufa« ured The corn fro'^t which the brooars are made come from Illinois. The numb^ of brooms turned out is considerable, which are, 1 kei the matches, sold over the Province. A ' um- ber of men and b ys are also engaged in has businet^s. The foundry, at the present time rente^i by Mr. Cantin to Mr. Rednmnd, consiais, properly speaking, of three sej>arate buildings. The foundry, howevt r, is complete in itself, and the prOprieior has all the facilities for per- fiaiiiing Vius sort of work whatever. The place is divi- ded into tune departments, in the first of which the ^ : v^ • G < 'i I = '. ^"HZi^Xfm Here there are two casting f heavy Kon ^b armd;n H ^^ . ^^^ ^ cup la furnace., for ^^^^^"'PJ^eaormous ladle, capable heU casiing V^ ^f, '^a tWeWe tons of molten metal of holding no fewer ^^aa twei .^ ^^^^^ ^^ at a t m., st mds in Pr^/^^J'^^^^ed cbambe with.a fire called a ere oven, l^^!^^7^^^^;^.oye.rb the liciuid, which has Uie effect of p ist- poningTust and corrosion 50 years longer than the time it generally takes thee agencies to interfere with theih serviceableness. The premises of Mr. Redmond are ejt^ tensive, as may be inferred from tbo fact that they cover an acre of ground. Mr. Redmond has now entered largely upon the manuffi-ctur^ of stationary steam en- gines,"lhough always more or less engaged in this branch of the business. These engines he can sell for less tnan those made in the S'tates ; the buyer, besides, saves the incurricg of the duty of twenty per cent. Ho has erect- u ^ j',i>^n :: ^ ^- 8 supplied with such a stock of these ar-r tides as allows the purchaser tbewideat choice and, at the same time, the' advantages of excellepce and cheapness. ,. i^*" ■"W in > BUSINESS SKETCHES 49 BROOMS, WOODEN WARE, FANCY • GOODS, &c. The establishment of Messrs. Nelson & Wood is situ- ated on St. Peter Street, ^.directly opposite Lenftine Street.' The business was first established in 1840, by Mr. H. A. Nflson and Isaac Butters, under the firm of Nelson & Biron, stock from Street^ looking to No; 6 iers, in the store jiow occupied by Mr. McGill and St. Joseph Streets. Their eiof wooden ware, which was brought In 1842 they removed to No. 70 McGill their stock, palm leaf hats, ^ocks, ^nd fancy goods. In 1846 theMemoved the same street, to accommodat#\heir in- creasing business, and about this time commenced the manufacture of corn brooms, which has since become a leading branch of their business. In 1866, finding their business required still larger premises, they purchased part of theiand on which stood the buildings known as the old Exchange Hotel, and in the same y.-ar erected the stores ^hich they have since occupied. Nelson & Butters continued in business from 1840 until 1861, when, owing to ill health, Mr. Butter^ retired from- the business, Mr. "A. S. Wood taking his place, and the firm changed to Nelson & Wood. The building is of cut stone, four stories in height, and very capHcious. The first flat is taken up by a tery extensive wareroom, which contains fancy goods pf every imaginable variety. Here are displayed statiiiHf, English and American ; all kinds of brushes, comcSrso^PS and perfumery, tra- velling bags, childien's carriages and horses, jewellery and fancy goods, dolls and toys, small wares, looking glasses, looking glass plates, clocks, bronze, plain and fancy, &6., &c. "There is to be procured in this ware- room every kind of goods such as generallv meet with a ready sale in country stores. The second flat of the building is chiefly used as a store room for paper hang- ings, mirrors, imported or manufactured ; toys, chil- drens carriages, wooden ware of all descriptions. The third fftQry is appropriated to the uses of a packing room gJ©JlBHr- ■i'ii'- ■^ _>1^^? SKETCHES — : ■ > I*- , and the quantity of brooms that wedge up this part of the premises is perfectly enormous. Broows, brooms everywhere, some drying, some getting ready for that process, and piles of them finished and in course of beirffe packed up prerious to their being sent to market oxer the Province and to other places The fourth story isthe place where the broom-handles are painted and gilt • this occupies four process&s, but is performed with great rapidity, and when giving the last finish, one man can manipulate as many as three thousand in the course , of the day. Although the b.uilding is only four stories, fts capacity is equal to fivq, as it contains a most ex- cellent •ba3ement, admirably adapted for the storage of goods. Messrs. Nelson & Wood are most exten-ively engsged'in the manufacture of brooms, and carry on the work in a wing attached td the- end of the building, forming as it were the bottom of the letter L. The way. ., in which the whole tHing ia carried through may be eriefly described as follows :— first of all the co' n of which the brooms are made is imported from the West- ern States, ill bales weighing two hundred pounds. The corn is thoroughly saturated in water, and after- wards, bundle by bundle, is placed in a room, one wet mass on the top of the other. When the room is tilled, a pan of burning sulphur is brought in, a chemical pro cess then takes place by which every fibre of the corn) is bleached The corn is then assorted as to qunlily and length; it is then tied upon the handle of the broom, either with wire or cord ; it is then pressed by,a machine into tht* common fo|pi of tf broom, and then placed with- in a powerful wooden vice, and sewn so as to reiHin its proper shape ;^en tlie ineq-mlitieg of the edge are taken off with a kn^fe, and the process iatompleted. Messrs. Nelson k Wood keep quite a number oi mea employed at this business. The firm have^always on haqg a Inrge assortment of cordage of every kind. With rcRrtrd to the Manufacture of wooden ware, Messrs. Nelson k Wood offer superior advantages to purchHsers, eggjiciHlly of paili, tubs and matches, as they produce them in their factory at Hull in every ahape. They also -{^s^aM- — JM J>. (b # )®Na dl BUSINESS 'sketches. possess facilities for importing direct from the States and Europe, which enable them to offer good^^,the lowest market prices, with special inducements t6 pti- bers and large buyers. The goods sold in this estab- lishment find their way all orer the Province, aSd they have repeatedly received andjotecuted large'-^rders for their pa'ils and brooms from ^frope. In addition to the establishment in St. Peter Street, Messrs. Nelson & Wood have separate warerooms in Longueuil Lane, which they use forthe storage of corn brooms, matches, pails, &c. HARDWAREX-MESfiRS. J- WALKER &. CO, * Mr Walker, the senoir partner of this firm, was for twelve years principal Weaman in the well-known house of Ferrier & Oo la 186.7 he commenced business In St. Paul Street, and remained there for five years, removing in ISaa to Great 'Bt. James Street, next door to the Ottawa Hotel, where be was joined by Mr James Brown, son of MxU)avid Brown, Contractor; and in the following year, the firm was fortunate enough to secure the spacious premises and excellent stand tbey now occupy, corner of St. Peter and Great St James Streets The shop h^s the advantage of a fin" large win- dow in Great St. James Street, well calculated tor the purposes of display. On the St. Peter Street side therei. are three windows and a door. The interior is admirably fitted up, and is of capacious proportions, being 80 feet long by 24 fe«t in width. ' A range of shelving runs along the entire extent of the store on the right band aide ; on the left, a number of large glass show cases ; and in the centre of tbe place there are stands for sup- porting various articles comprised in the busioeas. Since Messrs Walker St Uo. have taken possession of theee premises they bave made extensive alterations, princi- pally with a view to the enlarging of the store, as well as to tbe titling of It up In the bett and tnoit attractive style possible. The store is well lighted, and at night when the reflaction of Hi gas falls upon the bun ished ar- ticles that abound everywhere, theelTeot is very brilliant. i i6J*>4e^*" -T^QjQa / i ,JM^(>»?? BUSINESS SKETCHES To erdeavor to give an account ot even Ibe contents of a cap in a first class hardware es abliehnient, would be a difficu't ma ler. In the present instanc^' a biief gene- ral notice must euifice The show cases on ibe counter present to the view of tbe spectator every variety of bardwMre, manufactured by the best makers. Messrs. Walker & C'>.'8 stock coropiiecs, amonsr other goods, the most ttfipioved qualities of table cutlery. Thei#>there ia Britannia metal ware and silver-plated ware, in any quantity and of every pattern. T.* ere are nil kinds of toilet eels in tin', handsomely made, and ^s cheap as they are attractive. F* r tiirtii3hit\|!; varioua^ades with arti- cU'9 used in iheir business Messrs. Walker k Co possess emand, builders', upholsterers', cabinet make^8^ pianoforte makers', and 1 supply, on a« ake^8 , pianofo carpenters' hardware. Thry keep always for sale, a va- ried HSBoriment of the b- st descripiio»j of edged tools anywhere to he f<)und ; imong themanntactu'ers of these t 9 are the him? of^ Ad(lis and Stubbs — names of suffi- cient weight to guarantee thp excellence of their produc- tiors. Messrs. Walker k Co. have an abundance of house furnishing materials, such a^ hardware, and gilt cornicea aid cornice poles always for sale. Then, again, there are pictur*' rods, of e^ery size and defiign. In this connection it may be well to observe that there is « very ingenion? invention, lately brought out in Entlund, and which MessfS. Walker k Co.. have in stffck ; this is a long gill rod or o^r, o which to suspend family photographs. Tie rod is suipi'd with a key, which 1 opens a gilt knob, allowing the U! per border of the photograph to slide ii ; tbe knob is then fastened, and the photograph is securedr The invention is not only an ingeni ,ub one, but from its utility as well as elegance will, ^ hen known, cimniund a wide approval, and become generally Hdopted. In the cases ranged along the Btor^ are to be seen, tea sets, bronz'd urns, table bells, jiOly moulds, and varionB othei HriiclcH iudispeflsable in donieetic economy. Messrs. I Walker k Vo. hive a very fine assortment of Ktigliah J manuftkcttired locks, including those turned out by such \^ (^ Ofi* brated-makers al Chubbs and Hobba. Th' y keep for i^ V di jil^tfe^- BUSINESS SKETCHES aale pumps adapted for town, bvtpriDcipallj for coqatrj use; and bare also a pump of peculiar coostructioo, termed an aquarius, weighing only eight pounds^ capa- ble of tf^king up eiglit galloDS of^iWater per minute, and throwing a stream a disi|pce of tifiy feet. This machine IS we4|iiadapted for arresting, in iis first stages, the pro- gress of a fire. la the ba^enaent story of the premises Messrs. Walker it Oo. keep in stock every desciption of the heavier kind%,of bardwarei, such as farming imple- mentSf carpenters^* tnorticing machines, fcc. They have aiso on hand an assortment of beautitui finglisb wrouii^ht iron and tubular bedsteads aad cbaim, seme of whicb are very ingeniously constract d, susceptible of being co%fe(|ted at will and in a moment either into a ojost comfortable settee or cou^. Messrs. Walker &, Oo. aim to b^ve always on hand wbatever may be demanded ei- ther io^^be wholesale or retail business, and are always prepared to fill any town or country order, ao matter bow variecTlir eitcusive V THE FU8 TRADE. A few remarks on the early history of the above trade may not be uninteresting, previous to noticing the lead- ing firms engaged in it in tliis city. It is believed by those who baveinvedligated the BUbject, that the use of furs was introduced into Europe by the Northern inva- ders of the Empire of Rome. There seems also to be fouodAtifl[a for the bd|ef, that in the sixth century the skias of sables were ifonveyed to Rome from such dis- tant localities as the shores of the Ar -tic ocean ; but thecpst to the con8umeTfl.wft8 very great. For several centuries after the period*^ just named, furs were not at all common in the Western parts of the continent of Europe. In the year I'iB'i the famous Venelianyiravell^, Marco Polo, mentions i# a curious fact that tre found the tents of the Kb-m of Tartary lined with the skins of SAbles and ermiines, brought fr>»ln-coun tries far north, " from the land of darkness.*' Na later than a cenluy from that, time, the wearing of furs, as a fashionable %■ J& fi^©^^r. (^. -54 ^^ , and esiabUshtd statio i^ys'^^ ■^(>^ ''^ .1^ M us I, ipr E R.S _>« V"tWo on tli<^ Nfertbera hG»d waterft oC,'|be (^lumbl^# tfijef %ear 18l3,'the eomp|0j purci»|»ii|d Asto»^, on ^^rivef,, which twaa given up "Bgr^lffr. Aa^^fi^Qf IfeWvw>rK« iti con-v geauence of the w^j* ?.Jeti/eett fp ITniteid btat^ and Great britaixj. Ttie^udsoos's gay^qm^ny, no^^ aroiiAe(li,^etciaed f6r % first, t|^^ If cfcg|H#?f rigttt" ^- --1-5**^ -ii^ 8(*ld, in' 1812, a ttae^fm<^ Qtt!«||^||| River';j!a Lord S^lkirli||w!^ rntrM'ic^ mm)ierV'P«'so»3 ■^''**^^^^^^^%'^^®* In! war between the pattiiana (JlPthe jte was consr#erabl,e bloodshed, and iis'ted until 182.1, whenO]^* rival! Tcomr *%m}«te®Pffe|ceW Iq ^&3l ^he three L m#tt reprei^ta- »*life^yihe5.v#v Company offered to mer|B theiiT inte. feall in those of the Hudson's Bay. This ma agreed to, ' ^nd ai^j^ct of Parliament was passed, un4|| whidh the r Crown granted to the H. B. Company, and^ thi»ee re- preeentativfeproprieiors of the N, W. Company, in Lon- ion and Montreal, lioenae of exclusive trade f^'r.t^fenty- ^e years In iU Ihdian Territory— that is, oter all the tracts that might not- oe included in the ch^ter given by Charles the Second ; also, ovei; those traits Vhich, by mutual consent were ot>en to the subjects of Epgland and those of the United States. In 1838 the Crown granted, for twenty r^ne years, another licenae of exclu- sive trade over Indian neutral territory. The above Is an imperfect sketch of the inception of the fur trade as regards the Hudson's Bay Compa[ny- a body that no longer exists, taviog disposed of the^righta and privileges it held tor' two centuries to ^nothsr As- sociation. : 1 FURS.— MR. G. LbMER^ BTr. G. Lomer, ft*l St. Paul Street, is moat extensive Pur traders on this Cf visit to his premises, a glance at th©( ipulations tlirough which a fur muaJ it ia read|jS|^ the market, a euraorjNT ' a stock, gilBg better idea of the exj s n© bf tl\e nenli. ■ A ousi rann- ,8 be foro 'e'in^mense, y, '. |jomer 8* ^ _>» 9 N U ®55J?n»- BU 81 NESS SKETCHES. businesa than any written deseription could effect. Thfe trade in fups between this country and Europe is .a con^ aiderable item in the sum total of the exports of the Province ; and when it is considered that furs bear very great value in proportion to other articles of njerchan- dize this trade is an important one, and embraces many interests unnecessary here to explain at length. The stock of skins on these premises is immense, and the value proportionably jjroat It may be said with safety that nearly eVery North American European quadruped is here represented— from the weasel to the black bear. The Canadian mink is held in great estimntion, but, un- fortunatfely, is difficu't to b« obtained in a degree equ^l to the demand. Mr. Lomer employs a large number of skilled workmen in preparing furs, and the work is one that involves far more labor than Any one would sup- pose. From the moment a raw fur tenters the hands of the first workman until it leaves those of the last, it is an object on which there is expended constant manipu- lation. First of all the little flesh that is found adher- ing is scraped oflF, and theq succeeds a course of very ef- fective treatment, sach as greasing and cleaning, tramp- ling, beating, firiskling, damping and dryiog, and all "^ sorts of other wonderful manipulations. The dying of furs is a very ingenious process, as generally only the very tips of the hair is dyed, wlaile the ground fur and leather is untouched. The hunter who entrapped the animal would find it impoasible, after the dying ^'ro- cess, to say that he had ever seen the'skin before. Mr. Lomer is engaged extensively in the manufacture of fur articles used in Canada by both sexes to comfort them- selyes against the severe weather, and keeps quite a, iuy*fber of artistic furriers (mostly Germans) and a large ,4furnber of fur sowing girls who, partly with hand work aod ipartly with sewing machines, are emplo:^ed for such tjurposes as stitching, lining, Ac. But the business has increased eo largely that it has been found necessary to erect a bjock of huildings to suit the require- ments of his trade. The block in question C09- atitutea one of the prominent eslabliahmenta of the i< >!^^" "t^iO^ I t- U U S 1 N K 6 B S K E T C H K S . city. Our elder citizens will hardly recognize the situa- tion of l*ie old Platl's stores in St. Paul Street, for in the s'ttrtid of those prt mises are now tp be seen two grand fivft'story warehouses, GG by 105 feet. The oM property, includliii,'- the four warehouses in the rear, w ire acquired -, in December last, for the sum of thirty-three thousand dollars. The new buildiners will cost no less an amount than twenty thousand dollars— so the property,, t«ken aa a whole, will be one of the most valuable in Si. Paul Street. The most noticeable iipprovement in these stores is an arrangement in the basement, combining -height of ceiling, light and dryness— three requisites for basements generally found wanting in our Montreal warehouses. During Mr. Lomer's ten years' residence .among us, he has carried the fur business to an extent far sill p issing that of any private house in Canada. He emploxi^ constantly trave ling agents, who collect furs, , east, as far as Halifax and Labrador ; and west, as far ' as St- '*'i*'l) Minnesota. He has branches in New York and L'dp::'ic; and thefice trades directly wit^ the trap- persand consumers of Greece, Poland and Tartaiy. The amount of fur,3 annually exported by this one house is very large ; and an idea oif the extent of the business ma^ be tormed from the fact, that, on her first^ voyage the HiheaiUn tool? out for him no'less than twj^y-two tons of furs, all of Canadian growth, TuC chief exports, however, Hnd their way through his New York branch. During. the past season, this one export house has pur- chased furs, exceeding in value one hundred and sixty thousand dollars, for which they paid cash. It is to be I hoped that the transfer of thij Hudson's Hay Company's I monopoly may serve to bring to our city many wealthy I fur mere ants to reside among us, and to revive once more th- fame of Montreal, as, the most extensive fur market on this continent. , vA GREENE 6l SONS. I This business was originally established by Ep* Thos. ^ '' J. Greene, in St. Paul Street, near the Custom Hofluse <^ . ^ «^' BUSINESS SKETCHES. 59 ^ Square, in 1883. Shortly after, Mr. Wm. Thompson was aidmitted a partner, and the business was continued ijuder the style/ f Greene & Thompson until 1845, when Mr, Thompson retired, and Mr. Greene admitted his sons into partnership. Since that period, the business has been carried on under the style of Greene & Sons. Mr. Greene having purchased the extensive premises in St. Paul Street, formerly occupied as the City Bank, con- vened them into the present' suitable and imposing structure, and transferred his business from the premises near the Pquflre. Both of the first founders of this business have eince passed away. The premises 305 and 307 St. Paul Street, occupied by Gfeene & 8ons, are four stories iu height facing the street and five in rear, having a Aintage of 90 feet, and are buili of cut stone. Altoge«r, the establishment comprises three buildings, whic^over an area of 90 by 90 feet. The first flats are occupied as s?ft|H rooms and show rooms, and on^of them contains tW office and counting-house. Greene k Sons are exten^a^ en- gaged in the manufacture of fur goods. T^fflpjocess which a skin undergoes is someimngas followST---When a raw fur comes in, it is, in the first place, softened either by manual or machine labour, in order to remove the flesh still found to adhere. After lying aside for a sufficient lime, the skin is cleared of oil by means of sawdust, which material absorbs the oleagihous matter, and, at the sume time, adds a lustre to the fur. The skin is now ready to be cut into various styles of men's, women's and children's attire, suited to the means and wants of the wearer, or the requirenient^^^aj^^e trade. "When the skin has been cut it is sent iofB||3PBistribut- iug departmentj in vvhich a number of'§ins are engaged sewing togeiher different articles in Shape. It may be well to notice, here that furs are all sewn by hand, and none whatever by machine. The fur having been' sewn, pnsses to the' blocking department, x^^here it re- ■ mains for severnl hours upon a bldck, shaped foritiatance like a boa or muff; this process is necessary, in order that the a\t,lcle may afterwards retain its original con- ^■S^^^ -^^^Q^ ■»% -J^c^ Esd SKETCHES ■% >'\ t tour. ^'When long enough on the blocks the article is scfnt to the finishing department, where the lining and trimminge are added, and everything done necessary to perfect the fur in aU,,r||g|Mliinaliy; the furs are ^ Bent to the stock ro.om*|sSapartmett Wfeer in length J)y 28 feet in breadth, and here they are enclosed in ceases, preparatory to transmission ,io all parts of the 'country. Greene & Sons use, in their manufactures, a considerable quantity of native Canadian furs ; and im- ^fport also, from Russia, France, England and South Ame- rica. The firm is largely engaged in the making of silk and felt hats, articles which in former years, used to be imported almost entirely from other countries. The bodxof a silk hat is formed by machinery, and having beeP^ormed into shape is coated with a water-proof com- position. The body is thqp covered with fine silk, the lining and leathers put id, then it is trimmed^t^led, and boxed ready for the market. The premffWf of Greene ft Sons are very extensive, nevertheless all the spac^ig required. There are two store rooms on the third tfaa^ facing St. Paul Street, separated by a fire- proof wall, and each 90 by 28 feet. These store rooms are mainly «ppropriated to^he keeping of summer gQ^^a. hats caps, &c. Theirs e^ placed by themselves, «ld are not ranged on tlie S^me shelvefifas the other articles. ,The valiMjipf tbii^-furs and tieir liability to be attacked by moth^fedewdt neceamrj to uSe every precaution against thlFdestructive insect ; and a man is Employed in doing nothing else but examining the skins, which, however, wil^tit away to of ipotlMb^re scarcely 6ver troubled wif^ais pest. Gp p^rl offthe basement is used for colouriqgand dryinfe sl^s, and ajjjither ^ark for storing away the ^gp^, TWey man^ture every variety 4)fJur g|ipds;r^n the busy seaadil they employ about one lj«red and €fty perions, keeping .about fifty on the pr#Ms,^d.the remainder as out- ^door workdls.* 'Qk- -W. ■T^G«I J. Ms « } i # % ^©^©^- ^ '^1- t ^^^\%_ BUSINESS SKETCHES JOHN MARTIN'S HAT AND FUR STORE. Mr. Martin commenced business in 1853 in Notre Dame Street, in the premises now occupied by McDunough, Muir & Co. The following year he removed to the cor- ner of St. Peter and Notre Dame Streets, and afterwards to St, Paul Street, taking the business of Mr. I. 0. Mayer; here, he did an exclusively wholesale business until \85l, when he opejied a branch store in Notre Dame Street, and afterwards removed' his whole busi- ness to th* premises he at present occupies, and which we now purpose briefly to notice. The est^t)lishment, situated at the corner of Notre Dame and St. Peter streets, is one in which a very large business is tmnsacted, as an inspection of the premises would amply prove. The building is three stories in height, hut becoming insufficient for the requirements of his trade, Mr. Martin round it necessary to occupy, for the present, as store-rooms, portions of the premises opposite. The first flat of the establishment proper is I appropriated to the purposes of a sain and show room. The assortment of felt and feilk hats here on exhibition is large, and comprises every variety known to the trade. There.is also an unlimited supply of caps of all prices and sizes With resrard to the articles of ptraw manu- factures, Mr Martin finds a constantly increasing market, and production can hardly keep pace wit^ d^emand. There nice also a sel^^ct stock of furs made up, most tastefully, into articles of wearing apparel, alwayn on hand. The second flat pf the preri^s is divided into several apartments, the principal dl ^N|||h are the sam- ple room and a room in which ffli^p Prs are kept in stock. With regard to the sample'wSn, it m ty be said, with certainty, that the specimens of hats and caps of felt, silk, cloth and fur, here presented to view, would be hard to surpass anywhere. The stock of furs which Mr Martin uses in his manufactures is as choice as it is valuable. Particularly noticeable is the ekin of the Persian lamb, v«hi(^ he imports by way of Leipsic. There may be some who suppose that the b!ack appe^r- ^0j©^- T^e^^ V } _>^c^ BUSINESS SKETCHES ance of the fur of the Persian lamb is communicated by a dye. But such is not the fact ; for in its natural state the wool is a rich glossy dark, so dark indeed^ as to require no deepening of the color by the use of any pigment whatever. These skins are so valuable, that many attempts have been made to rear the lamb in other countries than Persia, but the attempt, from some un- explained cause, has always proved a failure. Mr. Martin maoufactur s a great many fur caps out or this Persian lambskin, and it is but justice to say that the work- manship is as fine as the material is attractive. He also imports from England considerable quantities ot hare- skins, which he converts into what are known as *' bosom friends," in other words, protectors for the chest, articles which possess great efficacy in preserving that part of the body from cold, as well as against the dangers-arising from too sudden cihanges of temperature^-- Of the more valuable furs, such as mink, martin, eiHnine, squirrel, fitch, &c., &J., there are some splendid specimens. Every country is called upoa to furnish a sample of its fur-bearing animals, from the hare and fox of tbe North Pole, to the monkey of Equatorial Africa. Leav- ing the second story of the buii|ding, where, it was almost forgotten to remark, the loffice is located, the thjrd story is reached, and this Isomprises the manu- facturing department. This story icontains the cutting, sewing and finishing roQms, and Ih4 principal branch of the tr^de liere carried on is the mlaking of fur goods, both for men and women's wear, such as hats, fur caj^s, muflFs, boaj, etc In connection with this establishment there is fTFelt and Wool Hat factory, capable of turning out ten dozen of finished hats per day. Those hats are Steadily advancing in the estimation Of the trade, and kre now to be found from Gaspe to Sarnia— they are made of the best material, impor ed expressly by Mr. M., and stiffened by a peculiar process. This stiffening, be- BiJes ics other advantages, causes the hat to retain its original shapH for an indefinite period. The basis of a silk bat is made by machinery, of a very delicate as well as expensive description. In th^ rough state these hat- ^^^£^" 1. In th^ P -^^aK^^ ^©{BNi-_ ^ Q B U S I N"fi 88 8KETCHES. \ i-. bases are admitted duty free. Mr. Martin demotes as much attention to the manufacture of ..hats and ^aps as the importance of the matter, and /Hie imperative de- mands of fajbion, require. He not only applies this at- tention to civilian,- but also to military manufactures, having last winter been called upon to make the fur shakos for the Hochelaga Rifles, and for the Terrebone Battalion of Volunteers. Mr. Martin, as has been already observed, transacts a large, and it may be added, a grow- ing business, employing, all the year round, about forty persons ; in the winter season over sixty persons, male and female, are busily engaged. He also manufactures about ten dozen of silk hats per week all the year round. HAEUSGEN & GNAEDINGER'S FUR MANUFACTORY. The premises of the above-named gentlemen are situ- ated in St. Peter Street, No. 39 ; ther are three stpries high ; are about 80 feet long, by 50 feet wide. A glance at the interior of the premises instantly satisfies the visitor that the busiu' ss of this firm must ofnecessity be a large one. The first flat is occupied by the show and sales-rooms, and also contains the" office. The dis- play of manufactured articles is extensive, and com- prises everything that can be fabricated out of furs. On the second' flat, that part of the rootn fronting upon St. Peter Street, is also uSed for the display of goods, more especially ladies' furs. The rear of this room, —by fir the larger portion of the apartment — is ap- propriated to the purposes of a cutting mopa. Here thiB skins, after they have gone through the various processes requisite to prepare them for manufacture, are cutl up by, skillful workmen into the necessary shapes, &nd^^^^^ik^n transferred to the sewing devpartment, wherf/ tfeijP are rapidly sewed together by women. Withcmtr^itnessing the diflFetent^processes furs have to undergo before they . are ready to be manufac- tured, but little idea can be formed of the trouble m£m^- ^s-^iQ^ f. '40^^' .j^-^^^ 64 BUSINESS S K K T C IJ E 9 which fheir preparation entails. The different manipulation3 laay be brietiy deacribeci hs follows :— On the arrival of a lot of raw skins in the dressing shop,, they are put into a number of large tubs, mjiie some- thing in the shape of hogsheads, where they are tr^impled under foot by a number of men until'they'iare qui^bei^soft and plia>)!e ; this prpcess occupies considerable time, and IS called lent her ins;. They are then removed &nd damped with , salt water and bran, and aTlowed to re- main in that condition until Text morning, when they are passed over a curi nisly-constructed .^nife, in prder to remove the flesh ; after which ih^ aVe partly dried and st^retched, th+^n put into a large revolviii^ hollow wheel^ coiUdining nialuygatiy or oakwood sawdust w.hich eflectually rem ivcs the grease 'from the fur, when they are again dried and stretched, and are finaMy read-y for the cutting sli-)p. The i'nrs iised are for the niost part thi- produi'ts of Ontiadian aaimals ; ,but the firm have- agent,* in New Ycf^k and Europe to proc'iire tlfSse beet 'obtained iu'l^itii- rpspertive localities. The skins are generally brought into market in'the month of March, and ate disposed (^f mostly in the fnonths (,f Noveml)€r an,d Deet'iuijer. This tirm export.-* a large (piantity of .rawfurs'to different parts of i'Liroj^o. Me^^srs. Hueusgen & Gnaediiigei, being both firacticnl fu^-riers, give each branch" of manufacture their special p.orsonul tfuperiti- tendt n'(\ to \fhic4i^fact much of their sucaes's is to be attributed. , HATS, CAPS. FURS, &C, -^ Messrs. Job C.Thompson k Co., 297 N«tre Dam" Street, raanuficturer.'^ and importers of hats, capi) and furs, ro- r , ' ]ire^ent one of the olde-'t 1jo,u> .^ in Hbe trade being flue- i I cepsors to William Tiiompson, who for the , last T ! half 'C'etiltlVf wa^ engaged in this Vmsiness Thompson I I kf Co. are tl,U' owners of a larpse eBtabllshmen^;1\1ul their' j I manufactures meet with HTi extt*nsivo Hiile. -The tirm l^as I 'I been in the habit of , miking fortjge cajis and Shiiko^ not i ^- only^or the voli^iteers of tlws city, but fir those of Upper ^ % Q 4^ >i -. *^ I ^1 /** V ;^?>«NL. c» .'' f h ♦■ *f *"^ • * .,r - *^ r,- *. n U H I N E S S -H k E T C H E 8 >^^4?', 65 § Canada as well. They also-manufdclured the capS used by a portion of the Regular Force now in gjirrison. These tacia^speak highly lor the reputation of their workshop. - It may be titling td ,add in this con- necti^pn that Students' caps are also mude on the .premise^, and that as far ' as regardd tUe man- ufacturft' of hata, caps, and furs, this id one of the largest ectiibliahments in the city engaged in a similar busineas. .Thompson A Co. are larfj**ly concerned in Stijaw maniifactures, and sell a great variety of bats formed of this material. In silk and bemii hats their eelectiona ftie numerous' and varfed, ami meet with in- creas/uLJC " demand. They lii\ve also on hand every descnnUon of felt hats, of all sizes and at evory price. In the hjatter oi" furs, Thonipsuu & Co. cany on an impoitiint branch of .manufacture ; and eveiy process -through which a skin .passes, from the monieut it leaves the hands of t' e trader till it appears in the fur cap or glov<8,. is ri>iirest;uted in this » s la 1)1 1 aliment-.' The piirparation of these skitiB is a w'^'ork of care and patience. The-i lace where they are rtauipitlateii is at the ^ear of their "premises, which, by the wiiy, extend t'rom Notre Dame almost to Clreal ^Sl. .latnt^s Hiieel. The lamb- skin i^ lirst dyed, then divested of whatever particles of flesh may be fouml to adh.'ie to it ; alter tins it is sprin-^ kled on the insule wiili meal, then carclully rolled up and placed in ,a vat, so that the eolor may havo^ lime to dry iind J^ji cuine lixed. l!ut several other ■ processes, loo loiij.; to describe, are found to " be necess.rtry before it is ^,1 tor Iho lianda of the cap- maker. Tlioiiipson (te Co do a larj:e busiwe.-s in the Oaa- nufaciuie of law material, |^nd llie ijMuslurmai ion which a single hUin undergoes is sonn thing Bur|in.siiig. .^H kin'fs iif luis.are found here,— ihe skin of tlie imisk-ritt, the ^eal, the miuk, the rer.^iau and Kiijsiarr lamb, aa well as* the skins of oher dninniis, — n)ani|HiX(i't'd in great numbers. The Koyal Ermiiuv aL-^o, is nus T^' c 1i V. .-fi s .1 < ; -t- * «•' ^:$>«n: 66 BUSINESS SKETCHES. article, and is in particular request for the manufacture of ladieb' furs. Thompson & Co. make all the goods for sale in their own premises, and import largely from foreign markets. They employ a' considerable num- ber of persons, male and female, and transact a l^rge and rapidly increasing buainesa. ,1,1 CHURCH ORGANS, Prom the^earliest ages to the present time, music, both tocal and instrumental, has played a most conspicuous part on all the more important and imposing occasions, — (Jerotional, national, ceremonial,— on which men have assembled themselves together. But so far as regards th§ impression to be made, the solemnity to be instilled, the organ, pt all musical instrumenta yet invented, stands unrivalled. In the Christian church it holds, a prominent position as an impressive ngency and adjunct in the Act of worship. The organ dnies back to an early periocj in thfi history of the huriiau race; it wai known to the (Jreeks, and from theni h( rrowed by the .Roranne, but it was only when Christianity had been (Jiasenijnated over Europe that fcbe instrument begrta--to be (uily developed, and its powers to be adequately un-* derstood. The organ was Introduced into France by Charlemagne, but in the reign of Louis the First, A.l).,' 515, it WAS brought to comparative perfection. by an Ital- ian prleat, who learned the art in Constaniiaople. An early meution of the organ is in the annala of the year 787, when the Emperor Oonatantine sent to Pepin, of Franc«, a " musical machine," described as being com- posed "of pipes and large tubes of tin ' and to have imitated the "Soaring of thutider, and the war*iling of a flute." About the tenth century organs were common in the churches of Italy, Germany and H^glamlj and from that time up till now have had expended upon them much labor and great mechanical skill, Until at length ihey seem to be brought aa neai pet j is at all possible. The principal orgaha In Kurope are (p iii^aarlem, fcieville, Tours, «nd Hamburg ; the largest f >?• R^^va.— CI / BUSINESS SKETCHES. 67 S in Rome is in the church df St. John Latetan,. ^ot many years the instruments just named were considered the greatest and the best in the world ; but two modern organs erected in York and Birminghnm surpass them in every respect, as well with regard to dimensions as in musical power. The old makers "inclined to the belief that a multiplicity of stoQs. and. a fores^ of pipg9 would increase the poWer of the instrument in proporlToo, but such wFS not the case as has been frequently proved in modern times. The old makers 4evo^*5 the English Hospital, Dorches- ter Street, where he rtpained twelve jears. From thence he removed to the Doaegaitt, buildings, corner of St. Henry and St. Joseph Streets After remainrng th^re eight year& he purchased and removed to the op- posite corner. The«e premises are very ettt'niive aad well suited to Mr. Warren's business Here are to be seen church (Trgans, melodeo^s, barmoniuras and oigan harrooniuma in every st^ige of construction ; and*, truly theyi^w Qf the interior of an orgitla, with its mHulfoId pipes, utops, keys and' reeds, intermixed, separate, ii^ conjunction, in every posdWe position, is one at onlf*" curious but almost bewilder^g. A large (juroMsr of «x-H Mrienced worktnen are constantly employed toy UXm Warren^ who ha* reduced bis art to mpb a sjftttem thai MQ organ can/Ht>e constraete^ in a wonderfully short \% f r,« I a" 4 » « 'J^ S68 13 U S I N K S S SKETCH K .S Bpace of time. There is a new stop, the invention of Mr. Warren, which La attachijd to every organ leaving his workshop ; it, is called the " horn diapason," and the effect it produces n harmonious in the extreme. , Every part of an orgin is nLinulactured in this esttblishment. The m iterial for the uipes of an instrument is manu,fac- tured ou thi^ premises, and is cooiposej of tvvo ditfereut metals which possess great ductility as well as durabil- ity. After '-he p'|)<'S hive been shaped, their scope and compass are tru-d and regulated on an ingenious ma- chine call.-d, lechui'-aily, a '' voicer." i Some of these pipes are ot cuoriuou:* Jize. In tlie organ built by Mr. Warren tor tlie Parish Church of Notre Dame, one pipe •.he otiice'or l^hich is to emit but a single note, weighs 12 cwt , and is ; w^- t\-live inches in diameter. It may be here obac-rvtid, siat the metal used, in the ctsling of these p^i'es, m h.-:ivi»'r aud of greater durah;iiiy than that us"d by oibti ifjian uuilders for the simple reason thnt tlu'v iir'n uot aeq la:- <'il with its com[K)ue ,is. There is no uiu'T i,iiiui bu t.l-r iu the Proviuc', txceiti Mr. Warreu, wtio iuli /> hi- i'i["S ; they are usual y import- ed ready malt' iiud "voiced.'' Th^- iustrumeou manu- factured by Mr Warreti have found their way all over the jiontitii" nt. Theie arc about two hui.dred ft.;u. fifiy of them iu ' xumia, and luuiy others havt- been i : : oft "d lo , iSuu'.h r't!jiina, >v b.m. Tue one erected i the Parish Ctiurch ol Nout iJ.iaac, is of eitraorduuiry di- mensioiK-*, aud oi j/r-u | >wm in .dea of its si/.i may. bf furnif.l whfn r-. s sict'^d roit \hr!ii of tht otvau erected by tt«» ^ame gei. -man in. b( 'i'*X' 'k's ('l.ureti (II. 0.) m thie oily i-f aiso i)tty-»*,>j:hi let" Evftj jrgaii .caving t;he eaiAliiiatiment is luor. uglily uH'fm»iirrifB4 a^ f a^re i^« ;4«ri«<^D ^^fl^r- ^tk% fltylel id' ihe»« lUsiiruawuw, tUe smsea of waics r^lii^ 5Pom. On the fifth ^ It "the goods, classified, ar»' placed in cases, each marked on the end, and here they remain ready for the market. Descending to the third flat of the build- ing proper, there is lo be witnessed the operation of the uppers of toots being adjusted piece by piece, and the whole then-sewn together. For this purpose- there are about a hundred sewing machines in constant work, each of which is operated upon by a yo-ing woman. There is one machine, in particular, that deserves a line ©r two in the way of notice ; this machine works the eyelets in ladies' boots, and does the thing with the greatest rapidity, and as artistitally as could be etlected by^the human hand. The fourth flat is occupied as a general store room, and contMihs", among other things, seviral t. na of rags, the clippings of the c'oth. used for the lining of boots and hoes. The above account refers m're to a descriptinn of the store of Brown & Childe, at d to the simpler D^erationB connected with the making; of boots and shoes, thaA to the entire modus ofierandi itself To understand, even superficially, the entire proreps, it will be necessary to detaif a few facts with ,rej;ard to the steam factory of the firm, which is located in King Street. Tbis, certainly, is a very remarkable estH>)iishment, and "deserving of a more lengthemd des- cription than it is possible at present to give. The first floor of tbe factory contains a number ot machiaes for cutting, rolling, splitting and preparing leather ; and here there is also^^situated a steam engint^ of twelve- I w:W' (is /f' 4- ^^^^^ (is BUSINESS' SKETCHES 71 § horse power, which drives the machinery throughout the building. He?e there is a machine for cutting out soles, the operation being performed by steam power ; a die is placed upon ft piece of leather, speetiily adjusted, and is then brought down by means of a lever under- neath, and the sole is cut out the eiact size required, and is ready to be pegged upon the upperl The steam die, as regards accuracy of cutting out, possesses an ad- vantage over others. There is also an ingenious ma- chine for perforating tbfe toes of a sole, the object being when the sole is pegged, to have these holes tilleii, not with pegs, but with zjoe sprigs. There is a machine-- or press rather— to adapt the sole to the last before it is put on ; and also a press, with a power of somn tons, for forcing togetherxthe diflFerent scraps of leather which go to make up the heel of a boot or shoe ; first of all the heef, made up of different pieces of leather, is pegged in one or two, places ; it is then pnt upon a kind of ta- ble, When a curved iron arm sweeps it under the press, and th^n sweeps it out again ; eyery piece of leather is joined to its fellow with the greatest possible tenacity. There are various other machines in this department, but to describe their various operations would fill the side of a newspapsr: The second flat is known as the pegging room ; ther^ are six machines for this purpose, and as, for efficiency, novelty and ingenuity, they are hardly to be surpassed by any machines o\ similar size used in any branch of , manufacture what'iver. The boot or shoe is placed upon a curved carriage, similar to the shape of the sole ; this little carriage has a number of teeth set around it, and these teeth are placed in gear with a cog wheel which runs right below the borer and driver. The machine is started, the boot is carried rapidly along by the cog, and while in motiop the borer instantaneously makes the hole, and the driver knocks in the peg. The procejs is one as interesting hs the most curious would desire to witnees. There is also a machine for lading ijhoeB, before they are giv»n over to be pegiied. These lasting machinea operate upon shoes and boots of every siae, and eactfof ihem prepares from ^.Qas^ i ^ ^mM. ^^ ^^^^^ 1-2 BUSINESS SKETCHES tea to t'A-elve dozen per day, while a man could only do four, There is also on this flat an emery wheel, .for smoothing the soles of boots after they have been pegged upon the uppers ; and, for carrying out a supple- mentary pi ocess there is a bone machine, for addinqr the last touch of polish. The third fiat of'the tactory is tlsed for the purpose of lasting and linishing thick boots, operations which are performed with the same dispatch as characterizL's ihe other processes in this es ablithment. Before taking leav^e of this f.ictory, one may be allowed to observe that the operations conducted within it — and all by the aid of steam — are as interesting as any process in any other branch of manufacture could pos- sibly be. A lew yeari ago a {)erson who would hazard the conjecture that boots and shoes might be made by steam, would have been treuted'with as much ridicule as were those who fi.st mooted the theory that vessels propelled by steam won d be «,ble to cross the Atlantic. But experience has taught that there is scarcely any manufacture in which steam may not be used as the great motive powd ; and although it would appear at first sight thai the emifloyment of this agent mast have Ihe elfect ii' curtrtiling namftp lab.)ur, oi, ui a great tofraaure disi>ensing with it, Ihoicouuary has been the case, ior ii has t^o t«r been found thai increase of supply meets wiih a eiirres(tondiug iocreajo ot demand, on ac- count if ihe iheapnefls which must «lwffy.> !*(\\mpaay superior taciUues for producPo.; as well as* Oiu rgetic coiupo ition, thv tHimry of V.i>rs. U,> wu ^ CtiiUiti is situated at ftt^*— rOTtier of Oann-nt; kihi Bi^^nvenluw Streets Thr usiabh^hmt l ; ;)r«>t le ot ground, exieuaiug a* ,. .i.H's trom (""aa- niu^ 'w Knnp Mreeta. 'I h^ bou e^^ . ; a* workmen ar« iu lit i..me!i eules.g the UHnnerythe first ut'jr-v' 1 ,at a tracts atteuuou is a tiilling mill, con- suuoieu .11 M m w : nnoiple j two la ge wooden h«ninijB**r ' witu li. i_^.itutti AcUun, atV pUced iu fe large lbk>ugh j morf thhu i vU tu'.l ot li(j^yfo, the hides are t ;f n ihrowa ^ I in, t! ic maoh.ne set iu av;;ou, and lu a short itme the * v» (yt -TT =eT^ -^ f^ B U S I N i: 8 S SKETCHES hides, pummelled on every side and tossed over and over again, are .cleaned from all impurities and rendered fit t«i absorb the tinning liquor. This machine is situated on the first flat, and so is tbe beam room, where the ckins are thrown into the lime vats, and t' enoe they are taken to the drench. The drctich 'i« conducted upon an im- proved pi'ixiciDle, by which a process generally occupy ini? eight oT t«n days is accomplisiied in two days, the work being performed as well if not better. - The next object of interest is a pr«8S, a novelty in the busine-s, and having a power of some sixty tons ;' this press '\* forrtha purpose of squeezing the moisture out of th« hides tba', have been tanned, and causing them to dry immediately. There is a machine on this same flit that deserves a few words of notice and commendation^, it is the inventio » of Mr. Co»v;ie, (forem^Ti of the establishment) and Mr. Allison, secured by letters patent, and is styled a bark rosser; this apparatus takes off the exter- nal or worthless parts of the bark, leaving only that portion which possesses the properties forianning The process'is something as foMov^sf— A piece of bdi>k (the machine having Wen put in motion) is placed between two teethed rollers, wtiicfa draw it over a sharp knife, and whe-n it comes mjX on the other side all the excres- censes have been ^^away, and the sheet of bark is ready to be thrown into the mill and ground for the leaching vats, to assist in the preparation of the tan- ning liquid. The refuse pf tfee hark is used to feed t-lie boiler, which drives tbe engine ttoit supplies the raotiv.- power ol the tannery. Gn this same flat there are seven vats tor leacb^utr -tiie tan^ln.g liquid ; the facilities for extracting this liqr.id ai-e so gre rt that a larger quantity of stock can be turned out than^n many miKsh larger con<'er.B8( "A number cf steam pipes run from the boil r to the vats, and"n>t only assist in leaching the bark, but s^rve to warm thx.^ building m' the winter time. When it is fsund n«4fe»sary to'dqso, the liquid in t'le leaching vatsvis turned into a large reservoir, whence i^ is p«ra[>ed, by msm inery, itito the vats wher« the lea- ther is tanned. On the'ouiaide of the budding th re J ;H^- -<^<5%' .J' > ^f- r\ B U K I N E 8 S SKETCHES a f- are two iirunense coolers, where, if the liquid is n^quired tr be u?e(i taster than it cools in the leaching vats, It is exfioeed to the action of the atmosphere. In the tan- nery, altogether, there are thirty-three vats, exclusive ef the seven leaches and the two coolers. There is con- sumed every year about a thousand cords of bark, most of which comes fey boat and cars fro'm different sections of the bark prowjng country. On the s«iCOn'd rlat of the tannery .the hides receive the finishing touches, prior to their being sent out for manufact'ire into boots an'd sihoea. Here there aire several intere^ing processes ear,iied on, but want of spate compels them to go undt scribed. There is a machine for splitting sides of leather, tifty- two inches'iu length. The side is put between tw*o roll- ers and then meets with a knife as keen in the edue as a razor-, the knife cuts the side in two throughout its •whol^ extent, easily, evenly, and accuuately. In prox- this machine is a sdf-afcting emery wheel, used )g the knife in perfect cutting order. CIn this md. flat, as has- been already said, the leather P3 the- finishing operations. The enamelled 13 coated here, and then dried in an oven wiih a itnre of 150 degrees. In the finishing shop, which is supplied with marble tables four feet b} twelve, and in the currying shop, which has the same conveni- ences, tlie iiide'goes through a variety of manipulations before it is nt for the shoe factory. The third Mat ot the building is mainly used as a drying loft for the eca- nielled leather. In the tannery everythi?:g is well ar- ranged for carrying on the business ; and although each process leaves a .cerlain amount of refaee, nothing is suffered to go to lo^s. The exhausted bark ft-eds the boiler ; the lirae, when used up as a chemical agent, is sold for manure ; and thus everything is turned to sorae account. There are thirty men employed here, fifty ia the boot and shoe factory m GritJintown, and '200 men and women in the store in Lemoine Street, besides about 3r)0 who do out-door work for the firm. The boot and ah( e trade of Montreal constitutes an important part of its manufacturing industry ; and prominent* among those 'yb"^-^" v ^ ^ •^ X I 1^ ^^^;€Ni.- ^ Cjf \ "l BUSINESS SKETCHES who have aided in bringing this business to itfl present stage of development, must be recorded the names of Messrs. Brown & Childs. The St. Francois MANUFACTURE OF SAFES. establi.-hment of R. Kershaw & Co., 82 t. is the only place Xavier ^^ and 84 in the the manufacture of fire and lower Province devo burglar proof safes. TEis art is one which, if carried out successfully, is of the very greatest importance tp. the mechanic il portion of the community. Of late days the efforts of burglars have been aided by such mechan- ical ingenuity, that it has been found exceedingly difficult to baflie their desigbs, even where care and precaution in the strictest set-se, have been resorted to. The pre- servation of money, plate, and oth6r valuables from the effects of fire, has engaged the attention of safe makers for years back ; and all that was to be done in this matter has perhaps been tried, and the results of the experiments embodied in the different safes now before the public. The safes made by Kei^haw & Co., are warranted both fire and burglar proof, ti^ftd the manufakC- turer produces certificates to this effelSt^om Banks, Ex- change offices, and various mercantile establishments. To produce a first-ra+e safe a good^ deal of labor and experience is necessary ; and it muat'be said that so far as regards skill, Kershaw & Co. have abundance of it, as they have been engaged in the business about a quarter of a ce»Wry. They have a place in Boston, from which a vast number of safes have found their way all over the United States ; in this city their eslablishraeat is a large one extending from Fortification Lane ib Craig Street; and safes which have been manufactured here are now distributed over the whole Province, The processes^ through which a safe has to go before it ia ready for thw bank, vault or counting room, are far too complicated to mention. It is easy however to describe how the safes constructed' in this place are rendered fire j and burglar proof. Take for example a large safev now , (I making for a public office. After the body of ^ )'^®!B^ T^^Ggn . / , &>l .-^ f 1 .3' ^^ IMAGE EVAiUATION TEST TARGET {MT-3) . '■ v»*i- ^ .» *f «--.'1«-* -^^J 1.0 :^i^i££ 1.1 J."^'^" 11.25 ■ 27 U 11.6 '^ % ^■» d fw '/ :■■ ^ Photographic _Sdences CQrpordtiOft II- . 33 ¥»nT MAM ITMIt WntTli.N.Y. 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' .^-vfe®^ BUSINESS SKETCHES. the safe has beea put together, it is lineH first with a plate of iron, then a plate of steel and another of iron ; these three are then welded together, and all the rivets are on the inside, so that it is impossible , they can be drawn. Th6 whole, mass is finally tempe^'d to such a degiee that it is rendered hard enough to defy the pene- tration of any dcill or tool whatever. The door of the safe is an inch and a half in thickness, and provided with a powder proof combination lock. This lock is a marvel of ingenuity, and of beauty of construction ; the key hole is so constructed that, where faete.ned,»the ma- chinery Of the lock is completely protected from exter- nal violence ; and the introduction of powder is alto- gether impossible. These safes are also lined with a particular composition only knoWn to the makers : and possessing the property of being incombustible. Alto- gether, these safes seem to afford as much protection against fires and burglars as can possibly be secured. Kershaw k Co. also construct plate ^afes for dwellings and churches. These are not only strongly made, .but on the outside are so highly ornamented that, painted as they are of oak color, they are hard to l)e distinguish- ed from a piece of furniiure. Some of them are finished as side-boards or1[)0ok cases, and made of any size to fit the place where it is designed to put them. They are elegantly adapted for the dining room ; and besides having all the convenience of an ordinary side-board, they afford perfect protection to plate airainst the attempts of burglars. It may be in place to mention here that there is a great advantage in purchasine these Canadian made safes. American safes have to pay a duty of twenty ?er cent, and the'charge for transmit is naturally high, o lessen this latter drawback as much as possible, there is great tempta'tion to make the safes lighter than they should be to prevent the possibility of loss falling on the purchaser*. But perfect security may be attained, ind an important branch of Canadian industry stimu- lated at the same time, by purchasing safes ft-om those whose position and experience are sufficient guarantee for every article that leaves their workshop. :t^8Q%- T ' ( Jt • 4' 7 ■( ^©i^*.- i i ? BUSINESS SKETCHES - HILTON'S CABINET WAREHOUSE. This buainess was first commenced «by Mr. John Hilton in 1820, in Jacques Cartier Square, in rear of the building afterwards known as Scraphino's Hotel.. At thisL period this location was considered one of the best in the city, being immediately in front of the then New Market, which ran fnim N&tre Dame to St. Paul Street. In 1823 Mr. Hilton moved into a building situated on Place d' Armies, where the Montreal Bank niow stands. Here he entered int^' co-^rtnership with Mr. Eldmood Baird, .and the busini^fs. was carried on undef^he firm of Hil- ton ABdirdr^til 1845, wtlfept-^'separatioq, took place. During this iim|^ the business pren»i«eMJv,5««,twice re- moved, first in 1826, to the build!*g. no^irSfceupied as the Cosmopolitan Hotel, and iq 1828, to the opposite side of the fciquare, where H. J. Toupin's buildings now stand. In- 1845, on the retirement of Mr. Baird, Mr. Wm. Hilton became a member of the firm. In 1854 they re- moved to the premises they now own and occupy. No. ,25 Great St. Jam^ Street, which we now propose to notice. The building extends from Great St. James Street to Fortification Lane, having e^ depth of 120 feet, and a width of 30 feet ; it is three stories high on St. James Street, and six on Fortification Lane. This warehouse- has long been knowh for the.yarietv of its productions in this line ot manufacture, for tb|(^ ex- cellence of workmanship, and their cheapness. i^A visit through the six stories cnhstituting the show-rooms will attest tbe correctness of the assertion that has jaat been put forward. There are to be found in this estab> lishmeut articles of furniture of every size, material and design. Among tbe specimens w.hioh will fi»t attract the attention ot the spectator are some beautiful pieces of handiwork, suitable for glass frames and window cor- nices. They are constructed of rosewood, highly pol- ished, carved and inlaid with gilding; and for the draw- ii^g-room nothing could be more appropriate or orna- mental. Forthe dining-room there are frames of a sin- gular patterd, and finished in the same style, only that ' a ( 4> ii^ « "^^m ^ ^ § 78 JM^fi BU8JN*E8S SKETCHES, they are made of mahogany or walnut. These frames are now in extensive use in London, Paris and New York ; and certainly, if splendor and taste are con- sidered to be requisites of a drawing-room, nothing could, be better adapted to such purposes than the articles al- ready mentioned. There is a splendid assortment of li- brary furniture^n exhibition. The Messrs. Hilton were «mpf6ye(i to furnish the library of Mr. H'jgh Allan's splendid residence at the moqntain ; and those who are qualified to j)idge, have pronounced this particular apart- ment to be, as far as cabinet-work is concerhed, the most magnifieently fitted up of any in Canada. Among the bed room furniture are some fine bedsteads, made of maple, with rosewood mountings The Messrs. Hilton manufacture chairs, sofas, etc, of alt descriptions.— They are extensively engaged in the production of cane bottomed chairs. Formerly these were impdrted in large quantities from the United States ; but now tbey can be made in Canada, in any number, of first-rate material, and very cheap. The firm have also on exhibition, etagfrf'8 in every varUty, maotle and pier glasses, ladiei^ secretoires, and cornices of every pattern. They al|| import embroidered repp curtains of all styles. Sod^ k of these pattei'ns are of rare beauty, so also are Uje Pekin cloths, used for furniture covering and for pianos. The Messrs. Hilton are, we are told, the only importers of these beautiful fabrics in the city. Sow>e of their mahogany side-boards are rarities in their way ; they seem to have lavished upon them the best^ of workman- ship, and the carving challenges admiration for beauty of design and carefulness in execution. The Messrs. Hilton employ a good deal of labor in their upholstery department The arrangements for carrying out this particular branch of their business are quite extensive, and Bhow the development to which it has attained under their management. They are also largely em- ployed in the manufacture of looking-glasses. Of these they make immense numbers, which find their way all over the Province, from Gaspe se in requisition in this Province. Separated from the ma- chinery department by a yard, is the finishing and pol- ishing depHrim^nt. Here the furniture receives the fin- ishing touches pi;:^paratory to being placed in the market. In this building also is the carvQrs' shop, where a num- , y . 5©^^^ -;«' BUSINESS SKETCHES. 81 *¥ ber of skilful workmen are busily engaged on those beautiful designs of birds, fruits, flowers, etc., which we see ornamenting first-rate specimens of the cabinet maker's art, Some of these patterm are of great beauty, and require for proper and effective developmeht, great skill and long experience. There is now opB branch of cabinet making, carried out by thw firm, which is nowhere else practiced in this Province^namelling. Thev are engaged in the manufacture pf chairs, the backs of which are inlaid with ivory and mother of nearl and t»hich when finished combine th© useful and ornaiiiental in a manner rarely to be met with; as specimens of mechanical perfection m this business, thev cannot be excelled. Enough now has, perhaps, been said to show that the Messrs. Hilton possess, quali- ties for carrying out their trade scarcely to be surpassed ^in Canada.. MANUFACTURE" OF GLOVES. ' The establishment of Mr. De Witt, where the manu- facture of Gloves is carried on, is situated on the south side of the Lachine Canal, at the St. ^Gabriel Locks. The building is two stories and "a half m height on the aide facing the Canal, and in Year is three stories and a half; it is sixty feet in length by thirty i^i Y"!!?- Every process a hide undergoes, from the time it entera the. place in its natural state, until it leaves, trans- formed into a beautiful buckskin glove, is represented ia this manufactory. % De Witt procures the raw skins in large quantities from Canada West, and also buys in thf mkrkets of Ne'^ York and the Western States. Ih the basement of the building there are four lime vats, and two outside ; in these the hides are placed first of all, and afterwards ko through the customary manipulations required for tanning leather. After being Snned, the hidV is taken teethe cuttlnjr shop, on the first floor, and a machine at one stroke ta^es out pieces the shape of the thumb and fingers of the human Jand. These pieces are conveyed to an adjacent room, where a ^ 5^^ ' • - ^^« 63» * fli'i 1' S^Q/& BUSINESS SKKTCHES number of young women, operating on sewing machines, stitch them together with great rapidity. The glove, of course, is sewn upon the inside, but is turned by means of an ingenious apparatus. The above is an im- perfect sketch of the way in which Mr. De Witt manu- factures the finest white buckskin military and other gloves — equal in every respect to the best that can be imported. Buckskin is the principal materials used in this establishment for the manufacture of gloves. With the exception of the finer qualities, which are stitched by hand, they .are all nut together by sewing machines. BmploymeAt is given to about a dozen men and about sixty women, and the establishment is capable of turn- ing out about 100 dozen pairs of gloves in the course of a week. The manufactured articles are only sold to wholesale dealers. The second flat of tiae building is used as a store room, where the gloves ready for market are packai^lfvwty. Here also is kept a species of lefther made bWMr. Dfi^Witt and known as Calf-kid. Mr. De Witt ihtrdldji^ejKthe manufacture Of this article in the ^ring df^ooT It is a beautiful material, much prized By boottod shoe makers for Us strength and pliability ; and became it possesses the important advantage of being water proof, in which respect it is superior tp any imported. The factory contains every facility for car- rying on the various branches of this business, which, though but a few years established, is already vet-y large and rapidly increasing. Mr. De Witt is the only manu- facturer of buckskin gl^es in the country. IRON PRODUCTS. For iron products of all descriptions, the establishment of Meilleur & Co., 71 Great St. James street, will be found to be well supplied. The article that, at first sight, will attract most attention, is, "Going's European Ranges." They are of family and hotel sizes, and m respect to utility and convenience, . are admirably con- structed. They contain separate compartments, for the purposes of baking, cooking, roasting, etc. ; they are \ i^^^ -^^(a^^ -ft- € ,. U 8 I N E/S*S S K I With an arrai E T c H E s &^ furnished besides wUh an arrangement by which water may be kept constantly warm. In a word, these Hanges seem to possess every requisite that any kitchen, thd^^ largest or smallest, .can possibly demand. The " Metro- politan Stove" must be seen, in order that its advantages may be fully appreciated ; the same remark will equally apply to the cooking, parlor and hall stoves manufac- tured by this firm. The iron bedsteads they construct are well worthy of attention, and deserve to be widely patronized. They obtained the first prize at ttie recent Provincial Exhibition held in this city. They are light, well made, tod handsomely ornamented; and, when pressed upon, yield with ready elasticity. In summer time the advantages specially oflFered by these bedsteads, both on the ground of coolness and convenience, can be easily understood. In this connection it may be well to mention that the firm keep on hand a supply of refrigerators and meat safes, rang- ing in price from nine to thirty dollars. These are con- structed on scientific principles, and in the hottest season, preserve fresh and untainted, any edible what- ever. They are of a convenient size, take up little room, and at the same time are strong and substantial. They are grained \h imitation of oak, and, iii addition to tj^eir other qualities^ present a pleasant and ornamenK^ftp- pearance. Meilleur k Oo. manufacture every desorqSwon of iron railina besides ornamental garden fumitifre. The garden chairs that are produced in their workshops combine the elasticity of a sofa with the durability of iron. They are easily moved from place to place ; and, being painted gVeen and highly decorated, serve to set off either gardeh or lawn. In parks and other places of public resort, these chairs are admitted to be of the greatest possiblei convenience. Meilleur & Oo. also turn out iron fountain]?, for public and private ubjb, specimens of which are to be seen in Jacques Oanier Square, Cus- tom House Square, and in several of the public and private gardens throughout the citjr, and, although capacious and of beautiful workmanship, they are , remarkably cheap. One of these fountains, con- ■a § 84 ->^^®2 B U S I N E S SKETCHES ■•%• tinuously at play, may toe witnessed at all hours of the day in the window of their show-room, Great St. James street^ These fountains are of ye^ beautiful design, and would be an ornament ai^^ere. The firm also undertakes the castiiig of iron statuSty, the supe- riority of which, tea climl^te such as ours, is too appa- rent to require comment.; There is to be ^seen in Meilleur & Oo.'s show-rooips other articles of ornament and utility, possessing the l^sential requisites of excel- lence and cheapness. BOOT AND SHOE ESTABLISHMENT OF SCHOLES & AMES. This is a large four story building, fronting on St. Peter Street, and occupying the upper stories of two ad- joining buildings, having a rpj: entrance from St. Paul Street. The business was ,^t established in 1855, in the premises No. 175 Notre Dame Street, by Mr. S. D. Childs and Mr. F. Scholes, under the style and firm of Childs & Scholes. In 1857 they removed to No. 15 St. Peter Street ; and In 1859, finding these premises too small for their business, which was rapidly increasing, they again removed to the adjoining building, retaining however the upper stories of the building previously oc- cupied. In 1857, Mr. B. F. Ames became a partus in the business, and the style of the firm changed to that of Childs, Scholes & Ames.' In 1860, Mr. Childs died, and the business has since been carried on by the re- maining partners, under the firm of Scholes & Ames. The premises are very extensive, and the business trans- . acted proportionably large. The first fioor is occupied by manufactured work, the gteater part of whish is con- talced in cases and long rows of drawers, and com- prising not fewer than two hundred varieties of boots and 'shoes ; these are of every class, and of every price. Shoes for infants, for boys, for men,— in fact for every age, and suited to ihose- in every position in life. Here are to be found tne light, symmetrical, fiaely^woKked boot and shoe of the lady, formed of the softest ma- 'i \ ^ \ J !«>'■■ . t BUSINESS § K ETCHES. 85. terial ; the dmicate French calf-skin, and the pliable cloth. There are to be found here, also, thesYough, strong-made boot of the mechanic, adapted to all woa- thers, and in endurance resembling his owCmuscle ; together with the brogan, which seems to be formed upon the principle of never giving way. The oflfioe, also, is situated on this floor. On the second flat there is a great deal of machinery for the manufacture of boots* and shoes. There is a machine for cutting out doles p another for cutting out heels of any size ; another for splitting sole leather ; another for rolling and stretch- ing sole leather ; another for cutting heel-stiffeners ; another for splitting upper leather. In th^s department there is everything necessary for preparing by machinery the material of a boot or shoe, which are then giveii out, requiring only to be toled. On the third story a num- ber of men are employed to clean and polish the manu- factured articles. Here alsofire several machines ati work, this storey contains a gre^t^^number of boxes, in which are placed assorted sizes oiNa^ts and shoes ready for market. This flat is also used a&^a war^oom, for stor- ing away fine leather. On the fourth/ story there is a machine for closing boots ; one for /making wax-ends ; one for putting eyelets into shoes y&Uo a machine for sewing uppers with double seams/ There is also on this flat a large number ef young vomen, constantly em- ployed in operating ^n sewing machines. The work on which they are emjl^d is principally the closing of thei. uppers of ladies Wots, in leather as well as cloth.-- Tl» process is rapidly performed, and the work beauti- fully done. Messrs. ScholeS Ji Ames have introduced an improvement into that particular kind of shoe "known as the " brojan," which ViH prove, no doubt, very ad- vantageous. This consij^ts in rivetting at their junction on both sides #ith tw6 strong rivets, both the upper and the quarter, thus making those portions of thd bro- gan exceedingly durable . Messrs . Scholes & Ames find employment for about one hundred persons on their premises, and ovev three hundred outside ; and their operatives can turii out between three and four thous- J-U^, h ^^m^- ■■^^®la it*H 2 86 .^--L.i'^S^? BUSINESS- SKETCH ES and pairs of boots and ahoes in the course of a week. Their manufactures are in great demand in all parts of the Province. It is not too much to say that the repu- tation enjoyed by this firm for the. excellence of their work and superiority of material used, is unsurpassed in this city. It is impossible, in such a brief notice, tor do^anything like justice to this establishment, which, for extent, convenience, and situation, takes rank among^ the first in the Boot and Shoe trade . I APOTHECARIES' HALL, NOTRE DAME STREET. This wholesale and retail drug establishment is too well known to render necessary any description of its lo- cation or exteriof . The business was first introduced hy Mr. Alfred Savage, some thirty years ago ; but, eigM years since, it fell into the hands of Messrs. LamploughA Campbell, who continued it for two years in the^old place near the Court House ; thence they removed to the premises they now occupy, and wbich ^ere built by themselves.. The building is four stories in height, ex- clusive of the basement. In thfe cellar are stored away^ a great quantity of barrels containing salad oil, syrup, cod liver oil, dye stuffs and, alcohol. The firm do an. extensive business in the matter of cod liver oil. In the cellar are situated three soda water fountains, which we used in the production of the beverage of that name sold at the counter. In &xk apartment off the cellar & considerable quantity of essential oils— recognized a« a distance by theiir peculiarly pungent ddor— are kept se- cured. Th6 first floor is occupied by the store, and at . the rear is the counting-house. The store is as remark- able for the variety of its contents as for its extent and the neatness and. regularity which predominate every- where. To attempt, however, to give anything like a description in detail, is a matter of impossibility, ine second flat contains assortments of surgical instruments' of every kind ^ Hhe firm n^ake a speciality of this branch of their business. Here there is a variety of druggists sundries, aijd anyj^mouiit of hair brushes and combs^- .. *■-«• •%a itv a©5£Hr- '^<^^ V ®©;^^__^ :___-_. ,. •**•■-. %bX ,. i 1 BUSINESS SKETCHES.^ ^ Aft regards combs, it would seem that the ralcanizsed """I^idia rubber combs made in Scotland are snperiojr to those made ia the ¥Ai ted States, being better in finish, as well as lower in price. Here also are all descriptiqiiiS of English fancy soaps. Lamplough k Oampbell \ak% every facility for -carrying on their business in *th6' , wholesale^^e ; for vi this room^there are material! for V, is also to be noticed here, the peculiarity of iron mortars for sale. There is a large quantity of French perfume bottles, which surpass any .manufactured in Anferica, and are cheaper than those made in Ekigland. On the fourth ffat an immense number of corks of every size, im- ported in their manufactured state fromMarseilleiT in France, and some also'from England. The attempt was made in this city, some years ago, to import corkwrood in its natural state and " cut" it here ; but the eflfbrt ^ failed. In this flat, also, there are stored away a great ' variety of sponges, garden and fatm seeds, and quanti- ties of weightier articles.] As a whole, the firm, of Lamplough ft Oampbell se^. tp have lef^ nothing ne- j^ected that would aid in successfullyi establishing their business. • - ' - * jyiANUFACTURE OF PLAIN AND FANQY' BISCUITS. ^ ^ ^. The manufactory of Mr. John MacKinnon, who Is largely engaged in the above, mentioned branch of busii!^ ness, is situated outside the Stt Joseph street Toll-Gate. The operations are all. carried out by-steam, and thQ processes through which tl^e flour has to go from the time it leaves the barrel until it is packed up in boxes ready for market, are of sufficient interest to merit a VVief description. The second story is where-the first operation takes pl^e. The flour, after. baving]"-bpen made into dough, \a placed within a large stationary cylinder^ in the interior of which there is a toothed ap- i • /-* ?®^^®a .-•#»■ iV '^J A • *i<" U' J .-M?K5?3' BUSINES-S SKETCHES paratus pf aingular construction. A belt is now Shifted uDon the wheel that sets the apparatus in motion, and the doueh is thoroughly worked ; it then descends by a spout to the first ettfry, when it passes through another process, by entering into what is- called a mixing ma- chine, which consists of four fluted rollers, two above and two below, the dough entering by means of a hopper at the top. The material is by this operation thorpughly combined, and comes out in the form of a web. Then the dough enters a breaking machine, to acquire a still greater consistency. Another machine rolls it out in sheets, smooth, and white, almost as marble. The last process is carried out by the biscuit-cutting machine, which is furnished with rollers so adjusted as to make ■ the dough a proper thickness; after the substance has palsed through these rollers, the machine cuts them, by means of dies, into circumr shapes. There is a eur^ous machine, the invention of Mr. MacKinnon, and in use only at his establishment ;.it is employed in the making of. what are kto«n as " Queen's Biscuits," edibles of fantastic shapes, but m6st palatable withal. When th» dough comes out of this machine, it has much the ap- pearoSce of a long strip ; and, jvhile in this fonh.^is made into various shapes. One boy can work Ahis machine, which is able to do what six men could not perform. The waste pieces of dough, resulting from tne different processes, are re-rolled, and converted into bis- cuit When the biscuits have been cut out of the sheets of dough, they are placed in pans, and sent to the ovens, of which there are none of the same description m Canada. They are constrticted under the supervision of Vr MacKinnon, and better adapted for the baking of biscuitlhan any others in the country They are dis- tinguished by this peculiarity, that they are heated, not by any fires within themselves, but by flues both atxjve and below. The result of this arrangement is, that no dirt, whatever, can become intermixed with the biBcnit. while they are baking— a very important circumstance. The ovens Are large, occupying, as they do. about the h'«lf of the first flat. After the biscuits are sufficiently \ ■■ ~Vc^^^^ f-lfllV BUSINESS,^SKETC HES. .'■■>'-a i»aked, they are taken up stairs and packed in boxes ready for the market. Mr. MacKinuon manufactures thirty different kinds of biscuits, and, in the different processes, employs about a dezen persons. The machinery is driven by an engine of elght-horae power. The manu- factory is 26 feet in tength, by 35 in breadth, but the- ground o;i which it stands occupies an acre, and Mr. MacKinnon- has the intention of further extending his premises, and adding to the power of his machinery. (^ JAMES HOLIDAY & BH CAN ,^, PRODUCE STORES, ASIN. There is no interest more largely or intimately con- nected with the prosperity of the country and this city than the grain trade, of which Montreal has become the entrepot of Canada. With the development of that trade to its present extent, the name of Mr. Young must be ever identified, as with various enterprises having for their object the attraction of a larger portion of the Western produce trade to the St. Lawrence, by the cre- ation of proper facilities for its acconimodation at this and other points of the route. Among the facilitiels required for this trade at Montreal, are ample and con- venient stores, grain elevators, &c., to give accommo- dation to the produce in transit to the ocean, to load and unload vessels at the least expense and with the greatest rapidity* Fully alive to the importance of this subject, a number of flour stores and elevators have been erected within the past few years, on the best sites, in the vicinity of the Canal Basins and elsewhere, amongst^ which the extensive range of stores, bounded on one Bide by Wellington Street, and on the other by the La- chine Canal, the' rear facing the Government Sheds, and known as " Young's Baildinga," are the most promin- ent. The buildings, which are occupied by Messrs. Holi- day Bros., are 292 feet In length, with a breadth of 138 feet, and are built of stone, in' the most solid and sub- stantia^ mauner,— massive beams an 1 posts support the iloors, and nothing has fcKBen omitted requisite to render d) n^' tfeA)'i>^ S 90 BISINESS SKETCHES h yfih the building; sufficiently strong to support the immense weight of produce at all times stored within their walls. On the ground floor there are 26 large double doors, for the reception and diacharge of flour and other produce ; rough those facing the Canal, over slides or gang- ways, Teasels are loaded or unloaded with flour. In the upper stories there are also a large number of door- ways for the same object, and as the rear of the stores is only a few feet from the edge of the Canal Basin, vessels can come alongside and be unloaded or loaded with the greatest expedition, and at the least possible expense. The building is lighted by 290 windows, and these, with the numerous doors, afford excellent oppor- tunity for ventilation, an advantage for which these stores are noted, grain n ever heating, and flour never souring, when received in good condition. Including the basement, there are five stories, each divided into eight sections ; these sections are spacious, and each a separate and distinct compartment from the other. The basement story is set t^art for bonded goods, or West India produce, and at present contains a large quantity ofsjigar, crates of earthenware, and various kinds of heavy merchandise in bond. The second story is simi- lar to the first in general arrangement, and with the third and fourth is devoted to the storage of flour. An idea of the great extent of the buildings may be formed from the fact that there is accommodation for 100,000 barrels of, flour, 150,000 bushels of wheat, and 2,000 hogsheadpof sugar, at any one time. The fifth story, which is of the same dimensions and general character as the others, is devoted to the storage of grain. Here is the only opting in the massive wall, which divides the buildingsMnto two equal portions; through this opening, which is secured by huge double windows, communication is had from one end of the building to the other. On this story there is a grain elevator, capable of taking in from, or discharging into the holds ! of vessels, between 1,300 and 1,500 bushels an hour. There is generally a vast quantity of grain in the upper stories, owners finding it to their advantage to have It As©t " \ §?©^^ '43 B U S I N^l S SKETCHES V their grain spread out on the cool «ikI apaoious floors, j the npper two of^hich aflFord room for 150,000 bushels ! of wheat, without the necessity of heaping It higher , than 4i or 5 feet. There are six flour elevators in these stores, which raise flour as high as the third story. Bach elevator is provided with six arms, which revolve as the elevators are worked, depositing the barrels at any place required with an elevating capacity of 100 barrels in 12 minutes. In addition to these convenien- ces, there are two " Flour Decenders," by each of which 100 barrels can be lowered in about 12 minutes. Be- sides the above useful appliances in relation to the stor- age of flour and grain in these buildings, on the front facing Wellington Street there are slides from each story, enabling men to deliver flour rapidly on the ground from any .of the flats. The barrel glides swiftly from top to bottom with the least possible strain or in- jury, to be darted where required. In addition to the elevators before mentioned, there is a grain elevator worked when the others are in operation, with a lifting power of 300 bushels per hour. Ebch flat of the build- ing is connected by spouts, by means of ^ich grain is lowered from one to the other. If at any ^^ there is any appearance of grain heating, it is let down through these sponts, and spread over different floors, being greatly benefitted by the operation, li is lowered in the same way to the reception hopper, when required for shipment, being thence put aboard by the ship elevator. '150,000 bushels of wheat and 100,000 barrels of flour have often found accommodation in these storea. The steam engine by which the elevators are worked, is in a I fire-proof compartment in the basement, about the cen- 1 tre of the buildings. The engine is of 15 horse-power, manufactured by Mr. Brush, and for which he received the pri/.e at the last Provincial Exhibition. In the eastwi gof the building, on the second story, ii a ' suite of offices, being those occupied by Messrs. Holi- day ; Mr. R. D. Collls, Flour Inspector's Office, is,als6 in this building. A Custom House Officer ii constantly on the premises. The spirited and enterprising occu- =#^^ i^jsa^ & ^J^^<3t BUSINESS SKETCHES pants commenced business, 21 years ago, as coopers in King Street, afterwards taking the stores known as Jpnes' Stores, nearly opposite the present premise, which they left subsequently, to take charge of Mr. Young's extensive buildings. In connection with the storage business, Messrs. Holiday have an extensive cooperage establishment, which affords them every pos- sible convenience for prosecuting their extensive busi- ness as warehousemen ; this establishment is separaj#. and distinct from the warehouses and well deserving a special notice, which will be given it hereafter. In ad- dition to the conveniences already mentioned for the re- ception and delivery, of goods, it is also important to state that a branch of the Grand Trunk RaUway runs alongside the building in winter, so that goods brought by rail may be stored with the greatest dispatch and at the least possible expense, and flour or grain received too late for shipment by the St. Lawrence, can be stored in these buildings and sent by rail tb Portland duMug the winter months. MR. GILBERT'S FOUNDRY. -^ This establishment Occupies a portion of the building owned by Mr. Cantio, and known to mechanics over the Province as the Canada Marine Works, The visitor on entering the foundry^ is- first conducted to the olbce, where the plAns^and drawings are prepared. The office leads itddrlhe machine shop, where 4 very mtbresting sceiie presents itself. Here there is every known appli- ance for the finishing of iron— lathes, planes, drilling and shaping machines, Ac. these ard driven by steam power, and their mode of operation seems astonishing to a stranger. A huge, rounded mass of metal, i'or in- •tance, weighing Oiree tons, and intended for a rolling mill, has just come from the bed of sand in which it has been moulded. The surface is rough, aijd It is necessary that the roller should be perfectly dtnfeoth. As soon, then, as the mass is sufficiently cooled, a gigantic crane picks it from the fioor and swings it into a lathe of ira- V f ^ i-^ ^^©J^^- B U.S I NESS SKETCHES menae proportions ;. the belt ia shifted upon the wheel, the roller begins to revolve, a cuttirig instrument of the hardest steel is placed in the proper position, and the metal gives off ils roughness in shavings such as might come from a piecTe of the softest wood in a turner's lathe. The next thing to attract the attention of a visitor is the boring machine, capable of scooping out a lump of me- tal sixteen tons in weight; this apparatus is also used for boring the cylinders of steam engmes. The large lathes in operation here are either of English or Scotch . m»»nufacture ; an idea of their capacity may be formed when it ia stated that one of thpm is no less than thirty feet long, and the weight is so great that it has to be supported on a heavy cast iron bed There are also smaller lathes for Bni'shing shafts, &c.| there are three large and as many small planing machines ; then there are shaping machines, used for the more delicate kinds of work, such as planing round external and internal curves. To describe the various machines m use in this shop— to endeavor to explain their peculiar functions and the way in which they work, would be next to im- possible. There is one machine, however, which de- serves a word or two ; this is what is styled a boring bar," used for boring cylinders of some sixty or seventy inches diameter, and twelve feet stroke ; the bar itselt is some twenty feet in length, and as an illustraUon of me- chanical power is worthy of more details than can at pre- sent be afforded concerning it. On passing out of the ma- chine shop the forge is entered. Here there are five hres in full play, the draft for which is supplied by a machine at some distance. Ti» most inieresting object in this part of the foundry is the steam-hammer, weighing twelve tons. This hammer is not of ths Naamyth, but is of the " Oondie" pattern— that is to say, the steam gives motion to the cylinder, instead of the piston ; the result of this arrangement is, that, in its descent, the hammer has the weight of the cylinder added to its own, as both rise and fall together. This hammer is certainly an extraordinary mechanical power ; m fact it is a stekm engine and hammer combined, containing V §) -TK^Qa »i' «94 J^^<^h BUSINESS SKETCHES within itself the agency that giyes it motion. It is very easily worked, and can be regulated t W. Olendinneng. The building just mentioned contai the pattern of every stove made by Mr. Rodden^r the past twenty years; so that persons who purchase stoves from this establishment, can at any '^tim^ have .them, if wanting repair,- re-adjusted after the design of thd-ourijginal. The next place of interest is the finish- ing shop", -where many men are constantlv engaged finishing the" articles that have been manufactured in the various departments of the establishment. The second story of the shop is a store room for iron bed- steads, a household article in great request, 500 speci- mens of which have been already sold this year. Adjoining this room ia the paint shop, where iron furni- ture of all kinds ia painted, varnisbed and bronzed, in final preparation for presentation to the public. Above this shop is the store for tin ware. The moulding floor is one of the most interesting portions of th6 premises ; it is 60 by 120 feet, and fitted^ up to accommodate a large- and increasing business/ added to which is a commodious new core-room lini core-oven, where the cores are made and "prepared for the construction of hollow castings. Here we may see iron castings of all descriptions in course of moulding (some of which ap- pear extremely iortricate specimens of workmanship), f(H: locomotives, cars/ buildings, railings, house furniture and stoves, in great variety. Messrs. W^ Rodden k Go. are erecting ^d^tions to their establishment, and are putting up a se^dond cupola furnace, which will be capa- ble of melting fifteen tons of iron in three hours. '" " V-.jH \^^^- v^ ->^^^- -4 \ ■■'"w BS v_^ %f^^^- ■BUSINESS S K E T G H £ S Another apartment is Ihr^iBhed aa a stove mounting sDop, where stoves of «n desi(gn8 are cojnpleted ana made ready for domestic use. An ingeiiious machine for cleaning small "castin^ga may be .witnessed in opera- tion. The machine is a lake cylinder, into which cast- ings^are put, when, the dflchine revolving, the casUngB are cleaned and poliehedf by friction. Messrs. Rodden k do., besides household utensils and or^ftmental aru- oles, manufacture ploughs, kiln plates, and almost every thing im the metalic line, UpwaMs of 1000 Btovea fromUis foundry were sold last year. The ^loleof their manufacturing premises occupy an*rea ot '200 teet sqiare. the macKS&y being drii:en by a steam engine. The wares made on these premises are exposed for sale in tbe large and commodious store occupied by them in Great St. Jamea Street, No. 62. The premises are eiten- -Bive, well laid out, centrally located, and admirably adapted for the display and storage of the various pro- ducts of their manufacturing establishment. ^ U nas a frontage of 25 feet, on Gre^.^^James Street by a depth ofao 'feet, and forms part o\a large building erected by them on ground they ^avYleahed for a term of years. On the right hand side, enteiling from the street, and so constructed as not to encroach on the sbow room, IB the office. The show room is replete witn a Very fine and varied display of fltoves, _railing8, orna- mental castings of every description, irbnl)6dsteadB, nre grates, hat stands, garden seats, and articles «i metal ot llmost every pattern and use. The assortment of stoves is very varied and complete, includmg th? " Q^««^/ Choice,'? a cooMng stove manufactured only by Messrs. W. Rodden & Co., which possesses many advantages ana is daily becoming more sought after ; also sinRle and dou- ble stoves, known as the " Prince's," Ac* Thes* Btovea are all designed with special reference to the require- ments of our Canadian climate, and being of home man- ufacture, can be furnished at much lower prices than if imported from the States. There is also on exhibition in this store a great variety of kitchen uteoflila, iron furni- ture, garden and other railings, Ac, perfect^both m de- y ) *»i 'j^^'^y^' '^>Q£^'^ m 1 1(« BUSINESS SKETCHES. sign and iiuidb. In rear of the show room is a large room used foriieneral storage. On the second story of the building the tin w'are sold by Messrs. W. Rodden 8t Co. with their stoves, is, manufactured by their employes. The entire premises well merit a visit from those inter- ested in this department of Catiadian . industry. The productions of this establishment have invariably taken. Xhe first prize for iron founders' work ; also European as well "as Canadian medals and diplomas at the various HxhibitioDS. Some idea of the extent of the Moutreal Pouiidry and City Iron Works may be f(»med from the fact, that over eighty hands are steadily employed all the year lound, and very i'requently as many as a hun- dred. I PIANO MANUFACTORY AND SHOW ROOMS OF W. VOGT & CO,, This establishment, one of the 0lMi extensive of its i kind in Cailada, is a large cut stone building, three stc- T ries high, fronting on Craig Street, No>.138, and running ' back to Fortificaticn Lane, Entering the show room I from Craig Street, a long double row of superb instru- j ments, of various styles, present themselves to view, I while Mr. Vogt, jr., is there ready to exhibit their powers I and quality of tone Although Messrs. Vogt & Co. rpake no pretensions to "superiority aftoue all other pianoforte \ maj^mdicturersy they nevertheless manifest significant ; confidence in the Comparison of their instrutuents with those of their competitors in Canada; and are pr ; pared to convince the connoisseur .t^^^t they posse ; the talent and 'means for producing instruments wh Aare quite equal to the best ^hat can be made cending to the second story of the building, the .visitor finds himself, in the. department where the cases and soui^diBjgJ&parda of pianos are constructed, and where ^frai^es are prepared and adjusted ; here \st class workmen are employed, king and stringing department whe»a several ingenious ma- 1 . the c a larg The fid! is in t 1^®^" -EiU* V. / ^^.^J^^' ^ ^ — BUSINESS S K E T C H E J5 101 § ' ■# chipes are to be seen in operation, the most noticeable ^kpf '^which is an apparatus for spinning strings this SajCbine covers the iron wire with fine silver wire, in a X ^fe rapid and efficient manner. One portion of this flatla also used for supplying the pianos with the nocessa- ry complex action, after which'they are transferred to the varnishing and polishing department, where they are fi- nished and made ready for the show room below. The polishing and varnishing of the instruments involve a great deal of labor, and considerable difficulty, owing to the frequent reoptition of those operations— no les^ than twelve coats of varnish being necessary to per- fect them. These operations, of course, consume a vast amount of time, a period ranging from two^and a half to tbree months being requisite for the perfection of '• a pianoforte. The rear portion" of this flat is used as a drying room, where the wood' is thorooghly seasoned before it is sent to the workshop. When all thesevthmgs are considered, it is matter of surprise that a perfected . pidno can be procured with such comparative cheapness. ' Messrs. Vogt & Oo. carried on the maniifacture ' of I pianos for many years in Philadelphia, U. S.,and:eame to this city about two years ago, ,since which time their instrnmeuts have found their way to mcst parts of t^e 1 Proviuce. During the many years they caia;ied on buSi- 1 ness in Philadelphia, they enjoyed an enviable popularity, their pianos being in demand all over the United States, Korth and South, as well as in Mexico and South Ameri- ' ca, from all of which places they hold certificates show- ioahow highly their instruments are'' prized for their excellence of finish and briljfency of tone. The Vogts, like Steinway, Sohomacher, Steck, and most of thQ cele- brated makers on this continent, are from Germany, the- land where ihe twanging harpsichord has bee^i developed to the beautiful and powerful instrument now called a pianoforte. No manufacturer has done more to perfect, step lay step, the piano, than the senior Vogt, ih connec- tion with Stein, of Vienna. They manufactured in that city the first " Grand" piano ; and they also, origina^d what is known as thfe Vienna action. In 1836, Mr. W. ^ -^^^% *> >'©^^°^ BUSINESS SKETCHES. w 1 Vogt and his sons emigrated to the Uaited States, and established a piano matrafactory in PhiladelpEfa. In that city they originated and patented th^injportant im- Erovement of passing the strings through an ivory bridge, y which greater brilliancy and clearness of tone is ob- tained. At present there are five brothers engaged in the manufactory, each, of whom superintends a different branch. Having been reared in the business from boy- hood, it is not surprising that, with their personal super- vision, such perfect pianos are toade. As home manu- facturers their pianos should.^wain a very large sale, and we have no doubt they will continue to receive the liberal aild well merited encouragement they have met with since they commenced business in Montreal. THE OTTAWA HOTEL. The merits of this favorite establishment (one of the oldest in the cfty) are so widely and deservedly appreci- ated by the travelling community of Canada and the. United States, that commendation here may be considered superfltujus. To tourists and strangers beyond the limits of Canada or the neighboring Union however, a brief description otUhis first class establishment may not prove uninteresting. The Ottawa Hotel is a handsome cut stone building, fronting on Great St. James Street, with a rear eiprance from Notre Dame Street ; it is four storJosin height, with stone pillars along the portico fronlv^ trance, and affords ^ accommodation for about two hundred and fifty persons, comfortably. Its central position t^ossesses great .advantages, being within a few minutes walk of mai^ of the principal public buildings and places of interest in the city, besides being adjacent to the Post Office lafd many of tlie leading banking institutions. The general entrance is on the right of the portico, pacing through which, the visitor finds himself in the public reception room, at one end of which In the office, superinten^led by an obliging clerk or book-keeper. The guests here enter their names in the "arrival book," imd receive Uie immediate atton- 1 t - ryr v - ^BM r*'£K?NL y s^ Q BUSINESS SKETCHES 103 § tion of ,pne of the numerous porters in waiting to convey luggage, &c., to tlie rooms selected. To the right of this entrance is the reading room, having a separate entrance as w?ll trom Great St. James Street. This fbom is very comfortably fitted up with 'Sofas, lounges, easy chairs, &c., and is well supplied with daily journals from all parts of Canada and the United States, besides several of the leading publicsi^ioi^s from Europ^ maps, &c. At one •nd of this apartment is a convenient writing table, sup- plied with letter and -note p«il)ers, pens, ink, envelopes, &c., for the special accommodation of guests of the house. The private entrance is on the left of the portico, by which t^e«visitor proceeds through the hall and up a ca- pacious stair-case tQ.^he drawing room — an apartment about fifty feet in length by thirty in breadth, and fur- nished in Me^rs. Hilton's best style, saying which, pre- cludes the necessity of any further description on this score. The walls are tasteful jy decorated with paintings of a high prder ; magnificent gaaaliers suspend from the ceiliflg ', book cases, containing standard works and the latest magazines, occupy appropriate places ; whil« a superior pianoforte adorns the centre— -in a word, the drawing room is complete, and furnished in ad- mirable style. Leaving' thd' drawing room, the course of the visitor is directed still upwards by several flights of stairs, each terminating on a corridor, at the extreme end of the^rst of .which are the bath rooms, supplied with hot and cold water. Ac. From these corridors the bed rooms extend in all directions, to the jiumber of about one hundred an* thirty, all of which are large, well lighted and ventilated, furnished also with a view to comfort, by Messrs. Hilton. Each suite of rooms is placed in charge of a competent house-maid, so that nothing is wanting that could by any possibility contri- bute to tho comfort and happiness of the guests. Arri- ving at the attic, a small stair-way leads out upon the roof of the building, from which a magnificent view of the city and the surrounding country is obtained. Descending again to the hall, and turning to the left, the public dining room is entered. This room is capable of seating i^^^^i^^^^^^i^M >^^; 104 BUSINESS S K K T C H E S (5 comfortably one hundred and fil'ty persona ; families or private parties, bowever, who desire it, are accommodated in a private dininp: room off the drawing room. The carving room adjoins the pIthWc dining room, and is reached from the kitchen in rear, being completely out of view of guests at table. The joints and vegetables are here kept hot by steam, so that parties who happen to come in after the^^ appointed meal hour, are certain of getting as warm and comfortable a dinner, as those who were more prompt in their attendance to that interesting and pleasing duty. This department is under the man- agement of a head waiter and an effective staff, who seem to Tie with each other in their attentions to th« guests. To the left of the office and traversing the hall, is the saloon, having a separate entrance also from Great St. James Street. Passing again to the right from the gene- ral reception room, and ascending a short flight of stairs, a corridor is entered, from the right of which, about raid- way, is the barber's shop and wash-room. Cohtmuing through this corridor, leadi to the ingeniously concealed closets. Returning again to the hall, a spring door opens to the basement of the establishment, where ar« situated the store room, the larder, the kitchen, tht) scullery, the aervants' dining room, the laundry, &C;. Lastly the collar is reached, which extends under the entire building, and is found to 6ontain a great variety of wines and liquors of the best qualities. The Ottawa Hotel has been under the nianagomcnt of its present popular proprietor, Mr. Samuel Browning, for nearly twelve yeais, and has lost none of the favoral)lfi old pres- tige it obtained in the days of Mr. Hall— Browning's predecessor— but possesses all the advantages their long cxi)erienco could bestow. For the accommodation of ^his guests, the proprietor lias prepared a " City Gijido," or synopsis of the jilaces of interest in and around the city, which may be obtained guatis on application at tke oflice. One particular atrangement, {jreatlyto the benefit of American travellers, is, that United States bank notes art» received at par in payment for board, from all parties from the United States. The charges at the "Ottawa" G , •is©'x>^ ,i •W" ^J »■■", i ■> 1' G U S I N K S S SKETCHES 105 § are, as 'they ever have been, very reasonable. In short this establishment presents to the traveller everything to be desired, and is in every respect worthy the atten- tion of travellers, strangers or transient visitors to tbe city. MR. ENGLISH'S GROCERY. This store, 266 Notre Dame Street, is a very attractire place of business. The tea and coffee trade have, for a loDK period, been carried on in these premises. So tar baclTs the year 1835, Mr. Benson began t)us\ne8fl in this place as a tea and coffee merchant, but ultimately the grocery trade became merged with the above mentioned two particular branches. Mr. Benson's coffee was xsele- brated over the city and th»^?rofincea8Wril ; and it has been the leading idea with Mr. BaglliFto make the tea and coffee departments the distinp^Ive characteristics of the house. The shop, inside, is/fitted up with much taste, and everything that can atl^ct the eye or appeal to.the palate is admirably arrange terior is a model of neatness a- part of the- premises contains Here there is also situated the co^~ — -- -„ ,^„, . . chinery is ingeniously made, and admirably calculated for the purposes for which it was intended. In the nrst place there is a capacious iron cylinder, made to revolve bver a furnace ; and the former is something like three and a halt feet long. Inside this cylinder is a worm, which when the cylinder is set in motion, has the effect of equalizmg the heat applied to the ooffee--ln other words, it so disposes the coffee that every p«rt receives the bekt at the same period of time. A sack of coffee is put in at a time; the machinery is "] m motion ; the cylinder begins to revolve, and at the end of^»»»lf-j;»*-^o'5J the operation of roasting is performed. The cylinder U so constructed as to preserve all the aroma or Jital Pria- ciple of the coffee. The maohlnery which turni the coffee roaster, also puts in motion a mill for the grinding of spices. These mills are of steel, not of stone, the Altogether, the in- display. The back je store rooms, &c. fee roastery. The ma* ^^^5J0^ --^■ft^5^ -)■ \^ H&^i>^- r. y^ S 106 BUSINESS SKETCHES. latter material having the effect of extracting the oil or essence of the spices. This grocery does a very large business in coffee, which, as is well known, is as fine an article of the kind as can be procured. In tea, also, an extensire trade is carried on It is one of the very few places which roasts as well afl grinds coffee; and this part of the business is carried on under the especial su- pervision of Mr. English himself. The place is an excel- lent grocery throughout; and as a concern where ma- chinery is brought in to add to the requirements of the businesB, will be found, no doubt, to poesess claims to this brief description. W. MeBAIN & CO.'S WHOLESALE BOOT AND SHOE WAREHOUSE. This establishment is situated at the corner of St.' Peter and St. Paul Streets ; and is a large three story stdine building, having a frontage of thirty- five feet, and a depth of sixty feet. The ndain entrance is from' St., Paul Street * the side entrance 10 the work rooms is from St. Peter Street. The lower story is devoted to the keeping of the manufactured stock, and is also used as a sales room, the counting room and office being on, the right of the main entrance. On this story are to be seen beautiful and highly finiflbed specimens of boot and shoe making. Messrs.W. McBain & Co. confine themselves to no specialty in their line of business, but manufacture the very finest kinds of boots and shoes for men, women, misses or children, as well as the heaviest descriptions of work in demf^nd. Among the extensive and varied stock constantiy to be fou^jd in their show rooms, are to be seen ladiea' boots made or French kid skin, which are M pliable as a kid glove ; no matter how tight the boot may be to the foot, it is as sort, delicate and pleasant as it is possible for any material to be. There are also to be found here, boots made of French goat skin, flexible, yielding and aoccmmodating to every motion of the foot with the greatest elasticity. The exterior of this leather is handsome in the extreme. Fine as is the texture of the t#=5^ ^ I T-^tG'!: 5^'^ # I (i]\ BUSINESS SKETCHES ^ 107 \ two specimens of the leather just mentioned, the work- manship IS correspondingly attractiYC— in a word it could not be surpassed. The second story of the build- ing iaoccupied as a cutting and finishing room. Here is ^almost every species of modern machinery i hat can pos- sibly be put into requisition for the manufacture of boots and shoes ; and in this room also the leather is cut into the necessary proportions and given out to be made up. The third story is devoted to the purposes of sewing fine work; and quite a nunober of machines, operated by young women, keep up their hum of industry the whole day long. In a room, to the rear of this story, the fine leather, already alluded to, is deposited. As Messrs. McBain & Co. import this valuable material direct from France, their customers are certain of getting the pure article, while its wear and tear eventually confirm this assurance. This firm aflfords employment to over two hundred and fifty persons, about one hundred of whom are accommodated on the premises. Thfey turn out about three thousand pairs of boots and shoes per week, and find customers for them throughout the Province, almost as fast as they are made. I»LAIN AND FANCY STATIONERY, PICTURES, FRAMES, MOULDINGS, &c. The shop of Mr. Home, 52 and 64 St. Francois Xavier Street, is one whicli-persons passing along that thorough- fare pause to glance |kt— in fact a more attractive window it would be hara to point out. On entering the shop, a person at first sight would not suppose there was that variety of first-class axJicles which a few minutes inspec- t on discloses. Mr! Home, although a large dealer in plain and fAncy stationery, makes picture framing and pictures tbe predomlnating^k feature of his business. All styles of'mouldlngs are to be found here, of the hand- somest patterns, and at the mosf moderate rates. The walls of the shop are decosated always with chromo- lithographs of the finest eiepution, and representing the fairest subjects that can be transferred to paper. . In — ^^(S% 1*1 y- I '-• § 108 -i-^^ BUSINESS- SKETCHES connection with this subject it may be appropriate to state that Mr. Home is agent for the Art Union of Glas- gow. The store contains an assorted stock of commer- cial stationery equal to aoy in the Province. Competent judges have given it as their opinion, that for neatness, attractiveness and variety, this store will compare fa- vorably with any In the city. There are to be found here accoant books df all sizes, pens of every kin(?, ink stands, paper, office cutlery, in & word, everything com- prised under the comprehensive term of commercial sta- tionery. It should also be stated that Mr. Home does a large business .in artists' materials, and keeps always on hand" a fiist-rate collection of colours, drawing pap«5r, &c. At the back of the store there Is a compartment specially appropriated to the storing of inks, of which Mr. Home has a stock excellent in quality. The second story of the building is used for the storage of mouldings. As has been said already, Mr. Home ha* made this a specialty ; and as far as regards the framing of pictures with the handsomest material, he is prepared to execute orders to any extent. Mr. Home makfes it a pomt to possess himself of every article novel and useful in con- nection with his business. An instance will suffice. Some time ago there was introduced in Paris a reporter's portfolio, convenient in size, attractive in exterior, and by an ingenious arrangement made tch contain paper, blotting paper, ink-stand, pens and pencil, together with a stiflEened page on which to place the paper if writing on the knee; also an inner portfolio for holding a quantity of paper. The invention was no sooner known than Mr. Home" imported several of the portfolios, whicU I are not only useful to reporters, but to tourists and tra- I vellers. It only remains to say in conclusion, that Mr. i Horfie's taste and enterprise are deserving of public j support. , ' FELT AND GRAVEL ROOF}NC. This style of>oo6ng was first introduced into this city ^ i about ten years ago, by Messrs. 0. M. Warren h Co., of |) S _ _^ I '^* ^S^^ — - -- =..==. J-= ^ / <* ^ / <* •I* BUSINESS SKETCHES s Boston, Mass., who were here represented by Mr. M. M. Steele, and subsequently by Mr. T. L. Steele. In 1860^ Messrs. 0. M. Warren &c Co. retirlog, the business passed into the hands of the present firm, Messrs. T. L. Steele k Co., who have done and still continue to do |i large busi- ness in this line, both in the city and throughout the Province generally. This style of roofing possesses many advantages overthe, metal and slate ifoofs. The cost per square is much less, and as it does not require an elevation of over one inch to the foot, a great saving is effected both in the material required for the frame- work and gables, and in the surface to be covered Its slight elevation also-lends additional beauty to our stores and terraces, and obviates^ll danger from falling snow, through which 80 many accidents Annually occur. The composition is perfectly fire-proof, and both air ?^nd water tight : so cohesive and incombustible is its nature that it will frequently remain uninjured when all else about the building has been consumed. At the fire which occurred in Messrs. Rogers & King's foundry a year or two back, the building was completely gutted, yet the roof, which was a flat one, covered by Messrs. Steele k Co., remained uninjured. So a so at the fire which during last winter destroyed the cabinet warehouse of Mr. Geo. Armstrong, on Craig Street, the roof was found to be perfectly sound, although the timbers which supported it were so burned that they would not support the weight of a man. Many similar instances have occurred, but the above will suffice. The flat roof is also a great protection against loss' of life in case of sudden fires, afifording the tenants in the upper parts of the burning building an easy and secure means of escape to those adjoining, or a safe re- fuge from the flames till those below can adopt means to relieve them. A marked instance of this occurred at the fire in the St. Lawrence Hall, last winter, ^here a num- ber of servants sleeping in an upper portion of the building were roused from their slumbers to find the flames bursting through the flooring of their apartments, and all means of escape by the staircase cut off. Thus situated, they would in all probability have perished in « f^'&^- T 110 BUSINESS SKETCHKSi the liamea, had they not succeeded in making their es- care by the roof— which was fortunately aflat ont— o an adjoining portion of the building. Since the establish- ment of the business, Messrs. Steele k Co. havs covered many thousand roofs, priacipally in this c'ty, and every opportunity has been afforded for thoroughly testmg their durability and efficiency— they have proved perfectly successful. During this period four or five different kinds of composition roof have bsen introduced, but these have tor the most part proved worthless. This firm also put on English felt roofs, but the/ do not recommend them, experieqce proving the English felt to te unequal to the article manufactured in Canada. The exhibition building in this city, erected in 1860 by the Board^ of Arts and Manufactures, was covered with English felt by a firm4n this city, but it has been found impossible to keep it water tight, and Messrs. &. & Co , have received and just completed a contract for recovering it with their felt and gravel composition roofing. It is now, we be- lieve, perfectly water tight, a tact which will, doubtless, afford great eatisfaction to the members °of the Field Battery, who have used it as a drill room and armoury for the past tWo years. The light color of the graviel, (almost white) is in perfect harmony with the pressed brick facings of the building, and makes a decided im- provement in its general appearance. Tbe covering of the large dome, running the entire length of the building, owing to its enormous surface and rounded sides, is very difficult of accomplishment, and it has been found^im- poBsible to lay the gravel on ihe steeper porUon of its sides, which ate therefore covered with coiiipbSitiononly. The glossy black surface of this portion, in immediate contrast to the lighter roof above, produces a peculiar and not unpleasing effect. Enough has been said to show that this rooQng is all the manufacturers claim for it ; and it is, so far, the only composition roof introduced ' that has successfully stood the test of our climate. The factory of Messr?. Steele & Co. is situated in Ann Street, Griffintown, w^ere they have also ample yard accommo- dation for th? enormous piles of gravel they keep con- 'o^^J^H-" — ■Ti-^:^' T <3^- ^Q^x- S I N E .S S S K K T C If E 8 111 § stamly oa hand, the greater portion of which is brought fr/m Lake Obamplaia. Their office is No. 3 Place 'Armes Hill, opposite the City Bank BENALLACK'S FAMILY GROCERY. Bonaventure Hall is one of the largest public buildings in this city, presents a very imposing exterior, and as an assembling place for large meetings, is well known to every one in the community. The lower part of this hall is occupied by Mr. H. J. Benallack, family grocer, who succeeds Mr. R. Thomas in this business. The re- putation which this establishment acquired when under the direction of its former proprietor, it still retains. The exterior of the store is very attractive, not only from its size, but from the excellent and artistic arrangement of the articles therein displayed. With regard to the in- terior, a better furnished or more neatly fitted up estab- lishment of the kind it would be difficult to find. _ There is nothing wanting which could add to the attraictiveness T>fLthe inside of the premises. The counters are panelled and grained in imitation of oak, the tops being covered with marble. Behind these are the shelves, constructed at considerable expense and in the best possible style. These shelves are semi-circular, and run round the inte- rior ot the -store. They are divided into compartments, arched, and the space between the top of the arch and the cornice is beautifally decorated and painted in gold and other colors. These compartments are divided, the one from the other, by marble pillars, with Corinthian capitals. The design of ttiese shelves is composite, be- tween the Grecian and the Moorish, is productive of a handsome combination, aiid^t the same time, a beauti- ful effect. These shelves are so CV^tructed that they are capable of being taken into piece>> they are also open from behind, so that at night, when the rear of the prem- ises is lighted up, the light shining through the apertures, glancing off the numberless bottles and falling on the rich mouldings and beautifhl gilding, produces an effect, ot once exquisite and highly attractive. The drawers, ■^ -B-QlQj^ . 5 III ,1 il 4 ^©^ „ ^^1 ^112 B U < I N K S S S K K T C 11 E S . ., | below these shelves, are very finely finished an^ tastefully ^ ! painted. In the immediate vicinity are a host of cams- S tera, which correspond in color with the compartments in which they are placed. These canisters are made' with a view to display as well as to utility ; in the latter respect they are constructed in such a manner that the tea, &c., can be put in at the top and taken out from the side. In the centre of the shop is a large and well-made show table ; it fronts the door, and is so arranged that at night the lights from the rear of the premises shine through, and the reflection is as attractive as it is bril- liant. The rear of the premises is occupied as store- rooms, &c., and here the sugar and coffee mills keep up an incessant clamour. It should be mentioned here that Mr, Benallack has in operation a cheese-cutt|ng machine, : the only one of the kind in the city. The weight of the 1 cheese first being ascertained, this machine cuts offW ' quantity with the greatest accuracy ; the manner in wwcli ' ' this function is performed, being as ingenious as it rs unerring. The cellar of the building Is one of the most perfect of its kind. It is lined with brick, and in every way adapted for ihe purposes in view. No better place could be found for storing the articles which require to be kept in a copl and fresh condition. There is a large stock stored here, and among other things a great variety , of wines and liquors, imported from Europe and of the best quality. It only remains to say that as far as the ' best of everything is concerned, Mr. Benallack always ^ has on hand every reciftisite that goes to make up the re- i putation of a first class grocery. He is agent for "Sharpe's" celebrated finnan baddies, a delicacy that is : now indispensable for the breakfast and tea table, and , keeps constantly on hand a variety of delicacies which ' makes his store in every respect the most complete. J. STARKE & CO.'S PRINTING OITICE. i One of the oldest and most popular printing establish- ' ments in Montreal is that of Messrs. J. Starke k Co., ^ book and job printers, 33 St. Francois Xavie r Street. "- • -B-^Q^ 's^^)f&^' 4 / s> l>'^ ^ r- -f '~''\ <■" A ■ ?S>^r^^- A ^7 r- BUSINESS S K E T C H- E S* For a period of thirty-five years, the name q% this firm has been before the public, whose liberal patronage is the best possible testimony to the merits of/the work turned out of their establishment. The business was commenced in the year 1828, under the name of h & T. A. Starke, in Notre Dame Street, opposite the Nunnery buildings, and afterwards was removed a few door^ east of the Place d'Armea, whei^ the business waa^H^d on in connection with those of book-selling and b5f>k-bindiag, where it re- . mained till the year 1836. The latter bl-anchea were, then discontinued, and attention given exclusively to the printing business ; they then removed to St. Thereae . Street, where^tTwas successfully conducted for sixteen years, and again removed to Notre Dame Street, cornet of St Francois Xavier Street, and there continued for the space of ten years. Those premises they only lately ■ vaoated for the larger and more commodious building they occupy at present. The printing, office comprises the-firat and third fi^ts, the former about 35 feet broad by 60 in depth, and the latter about 45 feet broad by 65 'feet. The business office is entered from* the street, the walls of Vhich are decorated with specimens of plain and ornamental printing, cards, &c. Pasaing through the office, we enter the press room,. =j«(^which three print- ing machines (Hoe's cylinder, A-dams' and Gordons presses), and four hand presses are at wQi^. Theiormer are driven by a most convenient steam engine, of about three-and-a-half horse power, which bping.on the portable principle, onlr occupies a space of thirty inches square. Besides the above, the press room exhibits a hydraulic press of great power, an efficient machine for pressing and smoothing bundles of printed sheets and fornas; also a strong screw press for the same purpose. A platform- enclosed hoist, by means of which the ''forms" are made to ascend or descend between this department and the composing room on the third flat, operates with great fa- cility and safety. A speaking tube also connects the busiiess office with the co,mpositors' department, adjoined to two-«lidift«iboxea for tbe conveyance of copy and " proofs" between the two fiats. There is also a paper i-O-^Q'^ 6* ':i^&£^'' --^^J^jrj S 1!4 '-^^^^ B U S 1 N E S S SKETCHES cutting machine, and all the instruments and appliances required in a first class letter-press printing establishment. The third flat, to which we ascend by rae^ns of a covered stairway, is the composing room, and a more clean and well arranged place of the kind we have seldom seert. No unsightly heaus of pi, quoins, or bundles of side sticks are to be seen strewn about, but everything is in good order and in the right place. Messrs. J. Starke & Co. have a large and valuable stock of plain and orna- mental type and borders, and are in a position to execute work of every description in the besi^tyle of the art, economically and with despatch. A prize for their ad- mirable workmanship was awarded them at the Great Exhibition of 1851. They also obtained prizes for speci- mens of printing at several of our Provincial Exhibitions. McGIBBON'S GROCERY. Mr. McGibbon commenced businels on hia own ac- count in 1866, in the limited premises on Notre Dame Street known as " Hall's store," but in two years time his business increased to such an extent as to require increased accommodation. Accordingly, in 1858, Mr. Mc- Gibbon removed his establishment to the premises he now occupies at the corner of Notte Dame and St. Gabriel Streets, fronting 48 feet on the former, and 75 on the latter street. This store is as well known now as it was in times past, when occupied partly by Messrs. Savage ft Lyman as a jewellery store, and partly by Messrs. Solomon & Co. as a fur emporium. The whole of these premises are now converted into one establishment — Mc- Gibbon's Grocery — and to meet the requirements of a still increasing business, Mr. McGibbon contemplates a further enlargement next Spring, by an extension in rear. There are two main entrances from Notje Dame Street, on either side of which is a large window, devoted to the display of articles in the trade, while between those en- trances is a smaller window, in which is displ^ved a neatly made «♦«? ra engine of about one-horse powel^nd which is kep; a most coostantly in motion, turning a 1^®^ : ■ -~ ^ ^ -^^^^ I Q "••-^v. 4 BUSINESS .SKETCHES 115 § large coffee mill. This mill is capable'of grinding from 60 to T5 lbs. of coffee per hour if reepiired ; thus enabling Mr^ McGibbon constantly to meet the demands of his customers for fresh-ground supplies of that staple article. A fourth window displays goods 9n St. Gabriel Street. These windows are all glazed with plate-glass— the first of Its kind u8edi,for such purposes in Montreal. They lend to the store, from outside, a good business appear- ance. Any one passing this establishment cannot fail to be attracted by the bustle of vans going and coming, and customers pourii^i|ikit and in ; an outside view alone will be enough lyconvey to the stranger or casual ob- server, an idea of the extent 6f business traasabted by Mr. McGibbon. Qn entering, the visitor will notice all Hhe appearances of a first-class retail grocery, where a number of men are busy behind the coutfters attendmg to the demands of customers; or hastily engaged in pre- paring parcels to be taken away in the vans. The store has the advantage of being floored in terraces of three steps each, which adds considerably to the effect pro- duced by the \nterior. The rear terrace is principally filled with chests of tea and pth^r articles required for the more immediate use of a retail shop. The ofiace and counting room are situated in the rear part of the prepi- ses. Mr. McGibbon is largely engaged in the finnan- haddie business, being sole agent for Mr. McBwan, of Portland. Not only on account of the excellent quality of these palatable and delicious fish, but also owing to Mr. McGibbon's enterprise and perseverance, the firfnan- baddie has become a necessity for the breakfast and t^ table. He has also recently become concerned in the smoked salmon trade, having placed himself in business relations with Mr. M^Bwan, of Portland, with a view to the successful prosecution of that branch of trade at the Saguenay River. Salmon thus t)repared at the place indicated, will be kept constantly on hand, in prime order, by Mr. McGibbon. His assortment ofx smoked beef, baconr&c, will always be found most in- viting, while his importations of game of all kinds, from England as well as from the Western States, are always l^^J^€^^- -^^G^> v *- S' 116 .,-JK?>\5 BUSINESS SKETCHES in season, "^ith regard to the store :^proceeding up stairs will be f ound a reserve store room for the lighter articles of the grocery business. Descending to the cel- lar it will be found divided into two apartments. In the front part, wines and liqubrs are classified and stored away ; in the rear is an xtensive stock of miscellaneous i goods, andadepaiftmeit for wasjiing bottles, &o. The ^ cellar, as a whole, is B' arranged as to afford excellent means t)f disposing of he classified stock. From. St. Gabriel Street, the yard is entered. This arrangement is -found to be very convenient, permitting as it does the , ready unloading and storing of the heavier articles, such , as barsels, boxes, &c. Mr. MoGibbon employs a large number of clei;ks and attendants, most of whom board on the premises. Two vans and four horses are kept constantly employed supplying out-door demands. His goods are in demand not only throughout this city, but in distant parts of the Province. He has even received orders from Baltimore and other cities in the United States, for some particular brands of wines, liquors, Ac. He makes it a point to secure the latest introduced article to our market, and in this way has aided, with others, to effect a revolution in the grocery business within the past few years. . UNDERTAKERS. From the earliest ages mankind has reverently ex- pended the greatest care in suitably preparing, or affec- tionately decorating, the receptaclea of the dead. The sentiment is as ^natural as the purpose ia piuui. The poorest vie with the richest in the attention devoted to the departed ; and on the toqib as upon the coffin nothing ia considered too valuable to lavish. But it is of toffins, in particular, that the present notice would more eape- clally treat. Of late years, as is generally known, there has been an attempt to substitute for the coffin of wood, onp mlide of metal. The first effort in this direction waa made in the United States ; theuce tha example found ita way to Canada. Messrs. Seale k Tees, 60 Great St. Jamea '^Xi!9^. »» f\ BUSINESS SKETC H^ S ■fV I *'^ Street, Montreal, are now engaged in the production of -.'.'.^k's Patent Burial Oaskel," a coffin immtfasurablj su- perior to anj< pommanly in requisition. These gentlemen are the only firm in Canada who prepare these burial caskets ; and they have made several improvements on the one made in tiie United States. These Improvements may be briefly described by stating that they bav* the effect of making the coffin perfectly air-tight ; and also more easily carried than the other. The " burial casket" is provided at the head with a glass face, and this in turn is fitted with a metallic cap. The coffin is first cast in a mould in the foundry, then<^it is brought to the shop, where, after undergoing three or four urocdl^ses, it is at length polished of a bright rosewood color, so naturally, that it is impossible to distinguish it from wood. Enough has probably been said about these burial caskets ; and the reader will intuitively perceive sufficient to render it obvious that they are in every respect superior to wooden coffins. Messrs. Seal* & Tees keep on hand every article in use by undertakers. It may not be objected, however, to add hero,, that Messrs. Seale & T^ot also manufacture and keep constantly on hand an assortment of commo- dious office desks, chairs and stools, of very superior workn^inship ; and that they likewise undertake the fur- nishing and fitting up of commercial or business offices of every class. They give constant emplovment to a large number of men in the prosecution of this branch of business. MARTIN'S PHOTOGRAPHIC ESTABLISHMENT. T Persevering industry in any art or calling, rarely ever fails to be<©<--■ ->^^4a • • \ 9 124 BUSINESS SKETCHES There is an instrument which at one snap cuts ont t]be sole of a boot or shoe from a side of leather. A maohitie of the die stamp strikes out a heel of any sfze whatever. One machine rolls out in a second a piece of sole leathet the human hand could not roll out in the space of a day. And so on through every process a boot or shoe undfer- goes, the machine by its power, saves an immense amount of manual labor, and affords a striking ^oof of human ingenuity. The third room is called the ma- chine room. Here large numbers of young women are busily engaged in operating upon sewing machines. The light work on ladies' boots and shoes is performed in this department, and it is wonderful to see thia rapidity wiih which the uppers and qnaiters, in cloth and leather, can be stitched together. The sewing by these machines is more beautiful than the human hand could posaibly effect, and is as strong as it is showy. The fourth story is known as the pegging roomi and here the soles that are not sewn, are handed in to be operated upop^. The fifth story is devoted to the purpose of storing leather, and all the different sorts used in manufacture are here piled away. Messrs. Popham & Sinclair tise in their es- tablishment Canadian manufactured leather principally, iRjoDg with the best English, Frendi and American des- c^ipMons.^ The boots and shoes rSkie in this establish- ment are sold throughout the Provmce, bat especially in Upper Canada. From four to five thousand, pairs Of boots and shoes are turned out per week ; and employ- menT is given to tetween a hundred and twenty and a hundted and fifty persons. On account of the rapidly, increasing demand for their goods, Messrs. Popham k Sinclair have determined to make large additions to their Inachinery, to enable them to supply their customers with promptness. Though quite a new firm, they have by their enterprise and the excellence ot their goods already secured, and no doubt will continue to receive, a full share of public support. # V i^ ^•^.^HT- '^'^'^^^ ■V ■■«> ^' V i^- ,, ?^^ "^J* ^ BUSINESS SKETCHES. LEATHER, HIDES, OfL, &c. Mr. Campbell Brvson, successor to Hujfh Thompson •& Son, No. 15 Lemome Street,, genei'al dealer in leather, hides, oil, &c. This is one of the oldest establishments of the kind in the city. Mr. Hugh Thompson commenced business in 1833, in St. Paul Street, where the Albion Hotel now stands ; from ther« he removed to the premises now occupied by Messrs. Benson & Aspden, and from thence to the site of the building occupied by Messrs. Popham & Sinclair, where he remamed doing a large and extensive business for about twenty-two*years. In 1847 • Mr. Thompson took his son, Mr. Jno. Thompson, into partnership, and the firm was carried on under the style of H. Thompson & Son until 1861, when the latter died, and in May, 1862, Mr. Hugh Thompson retired in favor of his son-in-law, Mr. Campbell Bryson, whose establishment we now -propose briefly to notice. The building is four stories high, not including the basement. The first flat is devoted exclusively to the storage of sole leather, of which there is every variety. The second flat contains a great variety of upper leathers. There are to h% seen here leathers of all colors, calf-skins in particular ; also sheep skins. These leathers are beautifully finished, and seem to be the perfection of the tanner's art. They are light, glossy, and as pliant as a glove. There is one spe- cimen which deserves brief mention — ^it is satin finished calf-skin, manufactured by Mr. DeWitt, of this city, and pronounced to be equal »o the best French imported. There are also on this flftt, collections of t«ined cow- hide, for upper leather fop- strong boots ; goat skin, mo- rocco, enamelled leathers, Ac. The third flat, (m the first) is devoted exclusively to the storage of sole leather, and on the fourth there is an immtnse quantity of beef moccasins stored. To sum up the whole, Mr. Bryson has a vast assortment of leathers of all kinds— soles, uppers, kips, calf-skins, and a selection of French and English goods, together with findings— in fact there is everything that goes to make up boots and shoes. Mr. Bryson's principal business, is receiving and selling on io«&<- ■>«G5 »"■•,*• S K E T C H E S ^ commission^r-He- makes the most liberal' advances, a,Bd spares no effort to secure the best markets for those who entrust him Jrith consignments. He has always for sale tanners' oil jxTthe best quality, and which, wherever used, has given greit satisfaction. In the busmess m which he is engaged Mr. Bryson possesses many facilities for carrying it out thoroughly, not^asily to be found any- where else. ST. LAWRENCE HALL. This hotel, situated in Great St. James Street, has for many years enjoyed a reputation for everything t at goes to make up a first class establishment; and this re- patatien, so enviable in itself, exiends not only over the Province, but even beyond the limits of Canada. The •• Hall," which is its local appellation par excellence, may be said to be one of *the recognized institutions of Mont- real, and is as familiarly known as the most prominent of our public buildings. This being the case, a brief des- cription of the hotel may prove of interest to strangers, or to the tourist who takes up his temporary abode among us. The St. Lawrence Hall, then, is one of the most noticeable amongst the many imposing edifices that adorn Great St James Street. Not less than five stories in height, the impression pioduced by an external observa- tion is one in which massiveness and elegance are sever- ally combined. The building is of cut stone, and so are the pillatsin front of the entrance. After making his way- through the groups that usually take up their position m proximity to the door, the visitor remarks that the hall Is paved with blocks of white and black marble, arranged I in the mosaic style. To the right of the entrance is the reading room, an apartment handsomely fitted up, and supplied with the vario a journals of the day, domes- tic as well as foreign. This reading room constitutes one of the attraotion«t of the hotf 1, and is largely patronized by the guests, who, coming from all quarters are certain to find on the tables or on the shelves along the walls, intelligence from their respective countries or localitres. ^ — ^^dk -^ * I. / ?!^;©^- <^ -.( BUSINESS SKETCHES To the left of the entrance is the saloon, supplied' with liqnors of every description, and served out in every style calculated to please the palate. Passing through the hall, the visitor enters the general office, io which the whole day long, and far into the night, a host of guests and a crowd of porters are to be seen hurrying to and fro. At the right of this office is the barber's shop j to the Jett are the closets ; and close by the entrance, is a book stall, tastefully fitted up, where an agent of Mr. Pickup has always for sale stationery, postage stamps and the leaa- ing periodicals and newspapers. Passing up the stairs that lead from the general office, the visitor enters the drawing room, an apartment richly furnished, and pos- sessiDR all the requirements of such a place. The drawing Ibom is about 60 feet long by 50 feet wide ; and the ceiling IS very high in proportion to the dimensions. From tbe *^ceiiing are suspended three superb gasaliers, which, when fiihted, bring out the fair proportions of the apartment in excellent relief. There is a mantle-piece at either ex- tremity of the room, and over the one to the right ot tne entrance is a splendid mirror ; while over the one to the left is another of exquisite workmanship. This latter was procured at the time of the visit of H. R.a, tne Prince of Wales; it is surmounted by. the British Arms and the plume bearing the old historic motto, " Ich Uien. The drawing room is furnished in admirable style. Here are the softest of sofas, the easiest of chairs, the most convenient tetes-a-tetes, the most luxurious of ottomans, whila a grand piano stands readj for those who have the skill to test its melodies.^ The drawing room when occasion demands can be tujned to the purposes ot a ball-roo^ ; and here the ilite of the city when they seek such amusement, are wont to assemble There have ^been many magnificent balls in this place, and few rooms are better adapted for those who sympathise with the ardent exclamation of " Ohilde Harold,"— v-*^-_____ " On with the dance, let joy be uoconfined. No rest till morn when youth and pleasure meet, To chase the glowing hours with flying feet." 8'£ l^^:tIII B-aJ®!^ f= f! 11 I lij I •>■ .-M^^? BirslNESS SKETCHES On leaving the drawing room, the visitor is conveyed up three flights of stairs, each stair-case terminatiog on a corridor, from which in every direction bedrooms stretch over the building. Arrived at the head of the fifth flight, there is an ascent to the cupola of the hotel, whence there is a magnificent view of the city. Facing toward the street, the eye takes in the gigantic proportions of the Victoria Bridge, the River St, Lawrence, St. Helens Island, St. Lambert, and the lofty mountains far away in the back ground ; while another view discloses the foteat of masts within the harbor, the domes, spires and towers of the buildings of which Montreal may so well be proud. Pacing about, " the mountain," which has given its name to this city, looms up grandly i* its " pride of place, and challenges the admiration of the most unimpression- able spectator. Between the mountain and the post of observation, the intervening spires, the public edifices, the manufactories, the elegant private residences, the dwellings of lesser pretension, the crowded thorough- fares—all these scenes, on every side striking and at- tractive, make up a panorama so grand and so diversi- fied, as scarcely to be equalled on the North American continent. An iron gallery leading from the St. Law- rence Hall proper spans Fortification Lane, and conducts to the building recently erected in Craig Street. It is in this part of the " Hall" that His Bxcellency General Wil- liams, Commander of the Forces, as well as Lord Paulet, Commander of the Garrison, and their respecUve suites ; together with a number of officers of the Gaards take up their quarters, their servants being located m the basement of this buildng. Threading the numerous cor- ridors, in an endeavour to find the way out of the " Hall, would be a diffio^task, to a stranger. Tp describe the different flats, tM-tfumber of rooms they contain, or any other fact with regard to their location is an equally difficult undertaking. It must, therefore, suffice to say that the St. Lawrence Hall contains altogether 247 bed- rooms; and as two-thirds of theie are iupplied with double beds, the whole is equivalent to about 400 single rooms. These apartments are well lighted, airy, com- -s^^jQl m J ^Ci BUSJNiSS SKETCHES ra in this hotel. The St Lawrence Hall owes its present position to Mr. H. Hogan, who has been the proprietor for over tweWe years, and whose tir\)anity, gentlemanly deportment, and administrative ability, have combined to win for himself and establishment golden opmions from all who have been gaests at this hotel. CARVING AND GILDING. It may be accepted as a rule, that In a new country, the progress of the fine arts denotfes an increase in mate- rial prosperity. Of the correctness of this rule, ar re- gards "llontreal, the establishment of Mr. A. J. Pell, carver and gilder, looking-glass and picture-frame d^qu- facturer, Great St. James Street, aflfords nroof.^ere are to be seen many very beautiful and vaiuable^nt- ings and engravings, both imported and of native pro- duction, framed and mounted in a strfe ^dttby of their artistic excellence, reflecting great cr«tlt on the taste and workmanship exhibited. Some or#,the looking-glass frames are of gjjeat size and aMtwlendid specimens of carving and giUiing; many Q»e8e are eight fept In height : the designs are higWy^omamental and are in- numerable in their i^tMety. ^bere is at present in ^jG; .-J^ ,.j,. }1 il I 8- 132 _»^B®{ BUSINBSS SKETCHES. --*a^ be^(Nin, beetdes a large and anperior dtoplay of tubing anOuiogs, a stock ot tinamitba', gas*fitterB', plamben', auch-bell-hangerB' findings of all descriptions; also, brass, iron and copper wire, sheet metals, met«llio store- pipe protectors, glass tubes for steam boilers, gnage cooks, &o. The latter, which are of Boglish manufacture, owing to their superior temper, are preferred to other kinds which are more brittle and consequently more ex- pensive. Besides the abore, all of which the firm im- ports from the best and most reliable sources, Robertson h Oo. exhibit in their store beautiful specimens of orna- mental zine sheeting for window blinds and door panels, a specien of goods fulfilling the conditions of perfection, in being apt only pleasing to the eye but thoroughly adapted to the useful pnrpoMb for which they are de- signed. Iron and brass fittings for pipes, ornamental fret work of einc, iron (pig and bar), lead, copper, tin, zinc, antimony and other metals, together with all sup- plies for workers in metals, must be added to the cata- logue of importations by Robertson it Oo., who seek an^ procure the best articlrs for their business, in the English, Scotch, Irish and American markets respectively. CABINET MAKERS AND FURNITURE DEALERS. Although there are several establishments of the above description in the city, another of the same kind has Kieti opened within the past year, at No 71 Oraig Htreer, corner of Bleary Street. This place is owned and con- ducted by Mr John Thornton, who devotes undivided attention to Ifae bnsiness in which he is «pg«er 1 4 I BUSINESS SKETCHES. 135 § 1 mopt any thickneaa, and of the largest siM, in a Bpe^tf" manner. The machine is five feet broad and twelve long, and is a model in its -way as regards form and ope- rative oapacity. There are besides, a number of smaller planers, and also a shaping and nut-dressing machine, in the most serviceable order. The proprietors have fa- cilities for doing the largest jobs ordered ; their premises and machinery having been designed with regard to the requirements of an extensive business, and the tdrning out of. the heaviest as well as lighter kinds of work. Jhey ve now altering the steamer " Iron Duke," raising her hull three feet by placing an iron band round her. At the West end is the blacksmiths' shop, where the forge work is performed ; and here are enormous cranes, used for hoisting in heavy machinery, engines and so fort|;tor repair, whence they are conveyed on a car to any part of the establishment required. This desoriptioii of work on being completed for delivery, la laid down either qn the cinal or river side in the same way, without incon- venience or loss of timq. A large scale at the entran^p is need for weighinje, attd a glanCe at once satisfies one of its ability^o meet all requirements. The office is, also at \pi\a end of the building. -The spcond story oonsifltSfOf one jarge room, only a small portipn of which is ocfco- piedby the firm for' the exblbiMon of various kinds of machinery, wheels, pulleys, mill-work, and models of steam-engines. The remainder is at present unoccupied, and Messrs. Hartley & Oo. having ample accommodation in the other portions of their extensive establishment for their own operations, pufpbsa leasing, it to any party or parties requiring room fo? light mawutacturing purposes. In front of the mfiin building, and qnthe canal bank, la M large boat shed, where barges and steam-boats are %uilt. A vessel 175 feet long can be built in this shed, from which a number of fine, iron vessels have been al- ready launcljpd, amopg which we may mention tbe steamer " Kingston," built in 1854, for the Upper Canada Royal Mall Line } and the splendid.steamer •' Montreal," built in 1860, for the Ricjielieu ^av^gatlon Company ; also a number of iron barges for Messrs. Kdmonstonei i^ G% '■^r^Q% ■ I. -I * 2 1B6 .jhSJ®^ BUSINESS SKETCHES. Allan & Go.; and several light-ships for the Trinity Board and ProTinoial Goyernment. Messrs. W. P. Bart- ley it Oo. have als6 another establidhment at Sorel, for the %annfactnre'of engines, toilers, iron steamers^ mill machinery, kc. In this establishment thiey are also well provided with lathep, boring' mill, planers, drililag and screwing machines, &c. The machinery in'these works is driven by ff high pres^nre oscillating steam engine of twenty horse power. The^e works' have . eqnal facilities with the St. Lawrence Engine Works for etipping and receiving, having a wharf frontage of some two bnndred feet, where the largest vessel can come alongside with, or to receive freight, or tor the erection of their engines and boiler^, shears being erected on the wharf to handle the largest boilers or parts of engines, placing them on board with the greatest facility ; here every attention has been paid to economise both* time and labor. "Messrs. Bartley & Co., from their extensive^ facilities and long ezpeneoce, are in a position to execute any orders with which they may be entrusted, at the shortest notice and In the best manner. ARMSTRONG'S CABINET-MAKING AND UNDER- TAKING ESTABLISHMENT. These premises possess an advantage wbi<^h is enjoyed by only a limited namber of buBicess bouses in this city, namely, a double frontage. Sitnated as they are at the south-west corner of Victoria Square, they have one frontage thereon of 120 feet, with another on Craig Street of 80 feet, and are threie stories in height. The steady increase of bis business during the past ten years emcoi^- raged ICr. Armstrong annually to extend bis borders; ■ but finding his premises still too limited, he de- teitnined this spring to erect a suite of new bnildings, comprising factory, sbow rooms, nndedniking department, and dwelling. The carrying out of these improvements necessitated the removal of a block of buildings familiar in the memory of our oldest citizens. While thus secu- ^ring more accommodation for tbe various requirements ■ ■J^j^'g^: -»^^'^ F>'©®^- I BUSINESS SKETCHES of his calling, Mr. Armstrong has not been unmindful of a becoming architectural design, which coxitributes in np small degree to the ornamentation of Victoria Square. The first and secqud stories are occupied as ware and show rooms ; the third as a finishing room. In obtmber-sets of chesnut, oak, Bnd black walnut, he does a large basiness, these articles being made with great care, and with an eiye to ornament as well as durability . A great many sofas are manufactured in lir. Armstrong's estoblishment, and under his personal supervision. Every article which leaves his factory is guaranteed of first-rate quality. There is always on hand a variety of spring mattrasses and spring-bottomed portable beds. The latter are very useful and have a large demand. Some of the chairs are finely carved and upholstered, and for excellence of workmawhip it would be hArd to excel them He has cane-bottomed chairs of every desvip- tion, well-made, durable and cheap. In ttie wareroom are also to be found parlor Sets, extension dmlng tables marble-top centre tables, and oak and black walnut hat stands. Mr. Armstrong manufactures some very hand- some book cases in mahogany and black walnut. It ii well to observe here that the greater portion of the fur- niture he has for sale is manufactured on the prenaises. This is an important point; and it is to be hoped that this will always be a feature in our manufactories. Id addition to his business as cabi^et-maker and upholsterer, Mr. Armstrong carries on that of an undertaker. In tbis oamnK he is so well and fivorably known to our citiwns generally, as to render any remarks here unnecessary He hat every facility for the proper performance of the duties of an underUker, and iB.sole agent for the Sale of " Fiak's Metallic Burial Gasket." This casket possesses* besides other merits, thd advantage of bwng perfectly air-tight. It remains only to say, tha^ all orders en- trusted to Mr. Armstrong will be faithfully and satisfac- torily carried out. , A — i^^b^ 2 138 .jm^^SR: BUSINESS SKETCHES COSMOFOLTTAN HOTEL AND KESTATJEAMT^ ~ This popular and widely known establishment, Mr. F, 0. Gianelli, proprietor, is one of the most pleasantly sit- uated buildings of the kind in the city, and perhaps the most central of any, being on the north Side of the Place d'Armes. -It has in front a handsome para, known-as the " French Square," a general summer resort of the inhabi- tants of the centre of*the city. On the east side of the square stands the great Parish Church of Notre Dame, south of which and almost adjoining, are the prominent buildings known as the Seminary of St. Sulpice. The west side of the Square is occupied by three of the lead- ing monetary institutions of Canada, viz. : — thfe City Bank, the Bank of Montreal, and La Banque du Peuple. On the south side are the new massive buildings of the Ontario Bank, the London and Liverpool Insurance Com- pany, and several other magnificent structures recently erected and occupied by various public insthutions. In the immediate vicinity is the Post Office, the Bank of British North America, and several Telegraph offices, while the Express offices adjoin the Cosmopolitan itself. This hotel is conducted on the European style, a system which appears to give general satisfaction. The building possesses^ the advantage of a fine external appearance, being of cut stone and five stoiies high, with ninety feet frontage, and is provided internally with evety conve- nience necessary to the comfort of traveller^ or. transient visitors. During the past year a great many improve- ments ha\re been made in this hotel ; and although for^ mer accommodations were ample, they have been in- creased slili further, Mr. Gianelli having spared neither money nor efforts to make the Cosmopolitan a veritable " home," in the fullest sense of that term. On the right of the fropt entrance is an apartment used as a depot for heavy luggage, Ac. Passing through a capacious arcade, he office 13 catered, where arrivals are registered, &c. ; djoining the office is a centre hall, on the left of which is a neatly fitted up oyster stand, attended by an ex|)erl opener ; this hall dividef the office from the saloon, which , / Qm^ :-ftw^^ ^©^^^ / y . ^ BUSINESS SKETCHES. 139 § latter place is tastefully arranged and fitted up with marble-top counters and tables, cgmfortable sofas, chairs, Ac, and shelving in the Parisian style; here ^e to be had oyster patties, mutton pies, and refreshments of every descrption of the very best quality. Ascending the stairs leading from the office ■ to the second flat, the visitor en- ters the ladies' reception hall, which is furnished in ad- mirable style, the walls also being appropriately adorned with paintings, prominent among which are life-sized portraits of Her Majesty Queen Victoria and His late Royal Highness Prince Aibert. Turning to the right from this hall, ^ small but hfflidsome dining loom is entered, the windows ot whieh loJjk out upon the Square below ; this room is fitt6& up in the^"'Club" style— the tables in- tended to accommodate four persons each occupying suit- able positions round the room, while in the centre is a magnificent Parisian stand, containing various sets of delf and plate, knives, forks, spoons, cruets, Ac, all scrupulously clean and bright. At either- end of the room is a handsome marble mantel-piece, over which a large and richly mounted mirtor is affixed, and beautiful oil paintings ornament the walls. Passing again through the hall, and turning to the left, another dining room of larger dimensions, and fitted up in the Italian style, is entered ; the tables here are divided frorti each other by rich damask, screens — a capacious side- board being at each end of the ronm ; the chairs, settees, &c., of the best lyid most comfortable description. From this apartment a small flight ot stairs leads to the concert reception hall, and thence to the magnificent concert room, the dimen- sions of which are about sixty feet in length, by about forty feet in width ; a number of Corinthian pillars sup- porting the ceiling down the centre of the room, add greatly to its appearance ; the windows on one side look ou^t upon Little St. James.Street, while those on the other look into the large court below. This room is furnished ^in the brilliant style of a ^^ CafS-des-TuillerUs." Alon^ either side of the walls is a number of small spring-seat sofas, fronting each of which is a neat oblong marble-top table, with cndt iron frame. Dowu ihe cenlre, on either ^^^5ro S 140 ->i^^ BUSINESS SKETCHES side of the pillars, are rows of round marble-top toJrTfei, dos-d-dos, accompanied by comfortable cane-seaji/^hairs of Freni pattern ; the walls are gorgeously jjw^red and panelled; four magnificent gasaliers suspeffd from the ceiling ; while several large and beaj>*ifully chaste mir- rors complete the decorations. At tKe north end of the room a small stage is erected, upon which is an elabo- rately finished piano, and here an array of vocal and mu- sical talent of no mean order is nightly supplied, gratis, for the entertainment of his visitors, by the enterprising proprietor of the Hotel ; a small apartment at the side of the stage is used as a dressing room by the performe»|rs. ^;^t the south end of the room is the " Poutagere," where delicious beverages are manipulated and passed round by attentive waiters to the dififerent tables. The bed-rootns on each flat are airy, well ventilated, and comfortably furnished with spring beds, sofas, chests of drawees, &c. Bath rooms and closets are to be found on each corridor. The cellar contains the very best qualities of wines And liquors of every description. The table Whole attached! to this establishment' is conducted oa a novel principle! in this city : and althoujrh in excellence of viands, good at- tendance, cheapness, Ac, it is all that could be desire^it has the additional advantage that, without extra charge, any one who so wishes, may dine alon^ This restaurant is so well known to the citizens, that little is required to be said in its favor ; but for strangers, or parties at a distance, it may not be out of place to observe that ti would be difficult to select a better place for supplying the wants ot that insatiable personage, " the inner man." PEmCE'S LONDON MUSIC WAKEHOUSE. The music warehouse of Mr. Henry Prioce, 145 Notre Dame Street, is well known to our ci izens as a reposito- ry of everything pertaining to the province of sweet sounds. There is to bp foujd in this warehaose, moelo of eve y description, from the most sublime ccmposinon of Handel to the simplest score that ever whS fingered. In sheet music Mr. Prince has the advantage of most \^ , ^£ > ^ «^ -J^iQ %__ 1 ^■^ %^^^- /§ ' 1 !♦« I NESS 6KETC "V 141 S other houBoa in the city or Province ; ike latest music isfined in Europe is eare to find its way to his warehouse ; and there is nothing that has received the imprimatur of public approbation on the o'her side, but speedily finds its way to this side of the Atlantic, and displt^ys itself on his sbelvea. Besides all this, Mr. prince himself is a large mnsic publisher, and has introduced to the notice of the community not a few native efruflions of real me- rit. He has constantly on hand a great variety of vio- lins, flutes, guitars, concertmas, accordeons, sax-horns, corneta-a-pistons, and every other musical instrument in common use. He supplies itfiitrumenta for bands in every part of the Province, and every article that leaves hia warehouse is guaranteed perfect of its kind. He also supplies and arranges music in score and in parts. Mr. Prince is the successor of Mead Brothers, who, thirty or forty years ago, w6re the only manufacturers of pianos at that time in the Province. He is well known as a composer of no mean order, and has as much skill in weaving beautiful verses as in nofhig down beautiful tunes. As a practical musician, Mr. Prince has earned more than a local reputation. The citizeiia of Mont- real should never forget his assiduity, the toil an4 expense he incurred in the effort to establish a pub- lic band that should be prOperly qualified to take part in all our celebrations. He has furnished his warehouse like one who understands his business. An artist him- self his selections have been made accordingly, it only remains to add that those who desire the beat music, and the best instruments with which to give it uUerance, I will always find both at the London Music Warqnouse of Mr. Henry Prince. , LACES AND EMBROIDERIES. The wholesale and retail establishment of Mr. James Parkin, 168 Notre Dame Street, is the only place in this city where laces and embroideries* of every kind are made a specialty. The shop, as viewed from the exterior, , presents a very attractive appearance, the windows being a ^©J€)^ 142 BUSINESS SKETCHES. ample enough to afford opportunity for an always effec- tive display of the beautiful fabrics which constitute the main portion of Mr. Parkin's business. The first floor is occupied as a sale-room, and judging from the number of attendants required to wait upon the customers, one can- not help thinking that the taste of the ladies of this city for superior articles of personal decoration, is not only well established but on the increase. The second story is ap- propriated to the purposes of a show room. To give an idea of the specimens of laces and embroideries here on exhibition would require the aid of the pehcil, as the pen is mcapable of describing such " fabrics rich and fairy fine." Here are to be seen shawls made in Chantilly and Malta, as well as those of Nottingham, of -patterns the most exquisite ; some of these beautiful articles Of appa- rel are made entirely by hand ; in texture they are as Qne as gossamer, and are interwoven with groups of flowers so artistically combined, so deftly and delicately execu- ted, that while admiration is excited by the truthfulness with which they represent nature, a feeling of wonder is aroused at the patient industry which incorporated them on the almost impalpable material which they adorn. As articles of dress they are singularly attractive, and pos- sess, at the same time, beauty and durability. 0,ii»^e same floor there are to be seen a great variety of Effi^P^* and foreign laces, head-dreeses, collars, sleeves, ca^Mf'' jackets, caps, veils, and madewip articles of muslin and embroidery, which must "be viewed in order to appreciate the excellence, variety and richnese ,of the different em- belishments. It is common to understand the phrase "'the Fine Arts" as applying only to painting and sculp- ture, but a visit to tbe show room of Mr. Parkin would seem to establish the fact that the " Fine Arts" play an important part in the matter of personal decoration. The ladies' outfitting department occupiefrone side of this room also. The third stdry of the building is used as a workroom, where a number of exper-^ artistes are em- ployed in filling the orders that are received. Mr. Parkin commenced business fourteen years ago, -atid as far as this city is concerned, may be said to he the founder of a ' ^, J ;>"• §' '^^i£^' ^~^KSf m le is )f 1- y 11 )- n n n y d e L- e ■s s 3 a s Ij mt.. . ■• IT, I 4 'n. ijL t^' cr^%^. ■J3USINKSS SKETCHES the trade in laces and embroidei^B. His stock is im- ported direct from Great Britain and the Continent of Europe, and ia the same as would be foutt(|:i*» first-class houses, in London and Paris. He receives, weekly, novel- ties in his line of busiDuDss as soon as they maj^e their appearance in EnglaiM|il^|p|^e Continent, having*1;orre3- pondents in Londoj^P^tf^nd. Brussels ; and without pretending'to euterm^l^fflMStition for mere cheapness', sake, where qualit5H|^|p|yji^ not taken into consider- ation, Lis special a^n^^^j^eep articles of a reliable character at fair jand SP^able prices, trusting by this means to uphold th"e reputation hg has already gained, and to secure a continuance and increase of the liberal support he has received during his business career.^ MONTREAL MALLEABLE IRON WORKS. These works, owhed by Johnson, Thompson & Co., are situftted in Nazareth Street, Griffintown, and cover about an acre of ground . These are the onlj; works of the kind iji this city or in tJanada, and have been in operation ten of twelve years. There are few persons, perhaps, who understand much about the process of manufacturing articles made 6f malleable iron, or who can discern the difference between this metal and com- mon cast iron ; to such it is hoped the^^win-g details may prove of interest. In order to mlC|PlalleabIe iron it is becessary, in the firBt place, to mix three sorts of iron in certain proportions ; these are then placed in the furnace, and when melted are run into bars.or what is technically known as " p'gs." . These «' pigs" are after- wards broken up, again pass through the furnace, and then are ready to be run into the moulds and made into castings. As soon as tlieee castiags cool, they are placed in an annealing furnace, which is perfectly air- tight, with tbe exception of one or two insignificant apertures to allow the escape of gas. The castings re- main in this fu^nace^s^lbjected to a unilorm heat, for six days and af many nights ; they are then taken out, and are found to have undergone a remarkable change, which "-IN^" '■J>>L I ^ ■^ S 144 BUSINESS SKETCHES ., — ! i ->^^^°^ e ^ consists in this, that wliea pnt in thdy were almost as brittle as glass, and now they baYe'becomip so tonacioas that tjiej may, if safficieDt force be applied, be hammered out litce l^ad, and like lead retain elasticity not to be overcome. ^ After the castinga baye been withdrawn from the anneaVmg furnace; they are placed inside a hol- low cylinder, which la made to revolve and thus they are polished by their own friction, and are made ready for the market. The several processes just dQBCribed are all carried on in this fouadry, under the superifitendance of Mr. W. '0. Thompson, one of the. partners. This gentleman has devoted the greater part of his life to the buamess in which he is engaged, and in the year 1826 manufactured the first malleable iron ever made on this Continent. In the United States the production of malleable iron is looked upon as ^moat important branch of I he industry of the country; and large quantities of articles made from it are exported every year, something like five hundred tons annually going to Europe. Messrs. Johnson, Thompson Sc Oo , ar^ cai*rying on a large trade ; they man^/acture articles qf every description, including those, most extensively uaed in the mechanical arts, such as couplings fjr gas, water and steam pipes ; wrenches, nuts for screws, fastenings for doorfj &c. ; also ornamental work of all patterns, and numberless other appliances to which iron is put in the requirements of industry and domestic life. An idea of the it fasiidious eye ft .M =4^^ ^^KS^ §148 -j^C5s BUSINESS SKETCHES. could desire. The demands of the toilet can be amply B^*t6fied as far as elegance and utility «re concerned; for there are scent bottles here, stained of various co- lore, exquisitely gilt, handsomely shaped and wotthy as far as appearance goes, to take their place beside any ornament whatever. One article in glass, called the Exhibition Vase, and said to be. the invention of the Duchess of Sutherland, is certain to %ttract the atten. tion of the visitor; it is a tall shaft, with a qircular plate of glass near the top, and is used for the fiiiirpose of supporting wreaths of flowers ; T^hen so decorated, the exhibition vase amply sustains the verdict which awarded it a prize at the London exhibition. The stock of goblets««jwhich Patton & Co. have on view is large and varied. The visitor or purchaser will find wine glasses of every description, made in the finest style and of the purest material. Then there are decanters" of every design, tumblers, Ac. ; in fact every article in- to which it is possible to convert glass seems here tp be represented, and that, too, in a manner not to be sur- pass|d. The assortment of earthen wafe is very exten- sivefand comprises everything used in the details of domestic life. The second story of the building is used for the purpose of a general storeroom. The basement is very commodious and contains three large rooms, be- sides a general storeroom aod packing room. A person ' would at first imagine, on seeing the shop from- the** front entrance, that the retail business was the ehief occupation of Patton k Co., but further inspection would disclose the fact that an immense wholesale tr4de is transacted by the firm. The premises extend frbm Great St. James Street to Fortification Lane, but at the present time the view ,of their entire length from the shop is interrupted by an arrangement intended to throw light upon the rear of the building. It is a pity to have the coup-d^ail of the place marred by this ob- struction ; but we understand from Mr. Patton that this defect Will soon be removed; when this alteration is effected, the shop will be second to none in this street for attractive appearance, size and accommodation. 'J^ s t^- "''9^^" *^o •■ "k 5®S ^O^^ busiiJess 'sketches. 149 i;ii;COE'S SUPER-PHOSPHATE Ot JJM E. , ~ The BcienceoNrgricultuEeTof late years, has adva^o#d with rapid strides, and this has been owing, in no small degree, to the attention which such practical chemists as Liebig have given to the subject of improvedma- nures, and to the' success tha% has attended the employ- ment of their discoveries when tested 'bj Intell gent farmers. Ic would be beyond the scope of this article to enumerate the difiterent manures that have been brought^nder the notice of the agricultural community ; '^^they ha^e been Various and more or less effective in stimulating the productive properties of the soil. Bat a newiSianure has been lately introduced in Oanada, which promises within a short time to supersede most, if not all, of those that have preceded it— we allude to Ooe's supei>^pbosphate of lime. The factory of Mr. Coe is situated oh the Ganal, near the sugar refinery, the office being in St. Francois Xavier Street. Mr. Ooe be- gan ibe mandfacture of the super-phosphate some fifteen years ago, in Middletowa, Oonneoticut *, here about a thousand tons are prepared yearly. In 1854 he estab- lished a braneh concern in Boston, which turns out an- nually between three and four thousand tous of the fertilizer. Mr. Ooe, since the periods just named, has introduced improvements in the manufacture of the super-phosphate, for whic^ he secured a pat^^in the United States in 1862, one in England in JHQl, ^^^^i and he has rec«Uly obtained one for Oane^ME 'The method of prepMng this valuaUe fertilizer was dis- covered by a Qerman chemist about %qi^arter of a cen- tury ago ] it consists i# adding acid t^ calcined bones, by which means the ph<|p^ate contained in them is rendered soluble, and the fertilizing piM||i^^i^<^ ^^ ^^^ bones increased twenty-fold. The saHP-pbosphate, wherever tried, has invariably acbievea the results which the manufacturer claims for it. There is a large number of testimonials from farmers who have used it, and theyjall agree ih stating that as a manure for the farm and'tiie garden, it surpasses evory other. The J- f^W U^^ i ^s®j)^ w ■n^t^iW..^,^ tft*.. » f In I #- 1*1 BUSINESS SKETCHES this branch of his basiness Mr/. Miller possesses peculiar ftdvantagea, for in addition to a large stock of the ra- nous English, French and American school books now m use, he is the agent of the superior series published by our enterprising fellow-townsman rfr. Lorell. The second flat is occupied as a store-room, and contains a large qutyntity of writing, wrapping and Manilla papers stationery, &c., of his own manufacture and importation 1 he third and fourth stories are appropriated to the uses of a book-bmdry and blank-book manufactory. All the modern appliances for assisting labor are here in use, and this department, we were informed, turns out a vast amount of work, and gives employment toAlarge number of hands, male and female. Judging f Ai the facihties for conducting budiness manifested iFeverv department of the establishment, we should eay that Mr. Miller aims at the prompt executipn of orders His prices are moderate and his terms liberal. W€ST END DRUG STORE. Mr. Jnlm Gardner, proprietor of the Weit End Druo- btore, 295 Notre Dame Street, began business in an ad' jommg building, No. 293, in the year 1854; but finding that his trade increased out of proportion to the accom- modation of the place in question, he removed to his present establishment in the year 1858. It may be said without risk of contradiction, that a handsomer window could not be found in the street in which his premises ar« situated. The window is of plate glass, and behind itV' are ranged objects calculated to attract the attention of the_ most careless observer. At night, when the gas ia lighted, the effect produced by the combination of va- rious colors in rear of the window, and by the internal view of the shQp as seen through the plate glass door is very beautiful. The shop is admirably fitted up, and P°-^^Q|^V l^no^ .^hich to admire moat, the wtistic * j ♦I4i, f- %. ^'*mm ^?3 f- .*■! ^i©.S^- BUSINESS SKETCHES 155 <^ — (luisite of ample accommodation. The business ia di- vided into three separate branches, namely : — the dry goo4?, the leather, and the produce ; each of these branches has its own distinct management, and each is carried on in separate parts of the premises. The dry goods branch was established as early as the year 1828, and has been steadily carried on since that time, to a greatefor less extent ; this business has developed itself considerably^ within the last two years, especially as re- gards domestic manuliDtures. The leatherbrtfnch began to extend about 1860, and has steadily incte^eA in mag- nitude since. The produce branch began to extend about 1866, and since that time its growth hSs been great and general Anjdea of the extent of the busi- ness carried on, and the labilities possessed by this firm, may, perhaps, be best gathered from a few details con- cerning the siza and capacity of their premises. They are sittmted on St. Paul Street, No, 270. They have a frontage of 80 and a depth of 120 feet, and extend from Sk Paul to jDommigsioners Street, having a similar front- age on the latter On entering from St. Paul Street the west sule of the buildrng is found to be appropriated " he leather, and the east side to the dry goods com- ion business. The basement, which corresponds to dimensiona of the entire premises, affords ample ac- commodation for tlie produce commission business. The private oftice of tha firm is pn the second flat, fronting Paul Hircet. The entrance for goods is from Oom- yj^h missionera Street ; this entrancie leads into a co wiieDC3 pioduce can ipeedilybe transferred to t raent and cellars, and dry goods and leather their appropriate fiats. The facilities afforde yard for the speedy reception and transmission 6 are all that can be desired. With regard to the storage «(*fiacity of the premises, it may be well to notice that there are seven cellars, each connecting with the other andraflfording accommodation for three thousand kega of bntter and one thousand barrels of pork and lard. The stores are built round the courtyard already spoken of, and are three; itories in hoight, with sepaiyite •mmm m •"•-■ -►«(i(j V V 1^ 0» "% if ■H i TT 156 BUSINESS SKETCHES --^^ \trances from Commissioners Street. As before stated, eaei^department has its own separate offices and staflF of emii^yes, the number of whom, employed in the commissmn business, ia twenty-three. Mr. John Doagall was amoogH^ first in this city to engage in the produce commission busmeas, and in this connection it may be interesting to m^ion that Mr. Dougall was i^robably the first consignee ibs^his city of flour /rem the Western States, he having, thnv^h Messrs. J. A J. Dougall, of Windsor, 0. W., receire^^^ consignment from Detroit, the^then Chicago of to-day, ^Ojput the year 1833. The business of this firm is now rapidly extending in all its branches, and from their long experience and extensive- connections, they are enabled to give theiflcoiiaigners every advantage that our markets afford. Messrs. ^. Dougall & Co. furnish the valuable market reports for the Montreal Witness. .„ ? JAMES HOLIDAY & BROTHERS. We have noticed, in a previous number, the warehouses of Mr. James Holiday & Brother ; but as they are also extensively engaged in the cooperage business, which haiian intimate and important connection with the ware- hottSea, we think it may not be considered out of place to present a few details with regari4o a branch of manu- facture they have brought to a high stage of development. The cooperage of Holiday & Brothers is situated No. 34 Anne Street, and covers about three quarters of an acre of ground. The works are extensive, and there is a large and increasing demand for the manufactures of the establishment. The yard of the cooperage contains a vast quah'tity of material, in the shape of hoops and staves. TThe greater part of the staves come from West- ern Canada, a portion also being received from Quebec; when they arrive they are piled up m sheds ranged round the yard, and here they remain until thoroughly seasoned ; this process is to important that in order ,to make per- fectly dry barrels thJe firm keep six months stock a-head of actual consumption. The staves are ^iv^ed into two JS-^^J ^*m 0^ ,^\ ©©:©^: BUSINESS SKETCHES classes, the first being those that are cut by a cylinder ' saw, thftfiecond being cut by a horizontal knife ; the for- mer are cut when the wood is in its natural state, hard, close in the grain and tenacious, while the latter are cut when the wood has been subjected to a steaming process, rendering it almifst as sott as cheese. The immense number of staves and hoops in t,hi8 yard, is a pretty fair indication of the amount of work turned out in the cooperage. The first thing done in the manufacture of a barrel, is to join the requisite quantity of stares together, and then to secure them with wtjati is known technically as "truss hoops." The barrel! in this the primary stage, is put into a furnace, within wnich is placed a fire-cresset. The action of the heat expands the stave3/?ind joins them •0 ^firmly and closely together, that the ^' truss hoops" may be taken off, and yet the staves will remain united. As soon as the barrel is removed from the furnace, it is headed, hooped, receives a few finishing touches, is pro- perly tested *nd then is ready for the market. Nothing whatever is suffered to go to loss in the cooperage, every- thing being judiciously economised ; for instance, the ' remains of defective hoops are cut into flour barrel linings by an ingenious machine made expressly for Mr. * Holiday, and operated upon by a boy with great facility. There is an apparatus, the motive power of which is on the lever principle, called a joipting machine, and used to joint such staves as require that process. This ma- ehine is worked by the foot, and the stave being placed length-wise under the knife, the latter, at one stroke, per- forms its work, cutting the hard wood with the greatest ease and expedition. In the, cooperage there are three double chimnies, in whicli cressets are placed for heating the barrels, -and at first thought one might suppose that furnaces in such a place as a cooper- age, are somewhat dangerous, on account of the prox- imity of s^te^.^Mmbustible , material as chips and shavings. WC^^wniormed, however, that conflagrations in a cooper's sBS^ are pfjare occurrence, and this was explained by the fact, {hat during the progress of manu- facture it is necessary^ to resort to the steeping of the fit^se^- -■^^GQ A, 5,- ''■i 4 \ * 158 B U S I N E S §: S K E T-C H ^ 3 = -^ 14 / ,. f' wood, the chips ancf ^liavingi of which are in consequence rendered damp arij^not readily inflammable, liicfe are capacious celhirs beheath the worlrsjiop, where tiiere is stored away an immense variety of coopers', work of the bast diescription« — barrals, paint kegs, pailji, stable buckets, iron-bound and strongly made in every part, and looking as if they would last for a qnarter of a cen- tury. Mr. Holiday is th« owner of another cooperage in Nazareth Street, in "vyhicU he carries on the manufac- ture^ iron-bound tight work, such as is in common ujc by omillftfs and grocers. In this cooperage he^also grain measures, such as bushels, ha!f-«busflels, the material used inthemanu-- j, articles ii white qak'of the beht seven workmen em'ployed in this !• markes ininots and half-minots fucture of the foregoing quality. There are cooperage, and eighteen in the one in Anne Street.' Afr. Holiday began business nearly a q;mrtcr of a century ago, in King Street, witli his father, the lute Mr. Joliu Holiday, and erer" since" iTas devoted all his time Rttd energies to the (^munds of his trade, whicli has prospered ao well that' next your he intends erecting a large brick factory on the sitjPof hit j)re7<'nt one iu Anne St^^et. An idea of the extent of his busitrtBs mny he formed from the fact that he turns out .00,0(11) Oour bar- rels yearly ; they are made for the fuilowiclir mills : — Messrs. Ira Gouid k Sons, and Grant. Hall ^ Co. A largo quayiAy of tight mirrelg for holding o'il, and dr'y casks of-vartous si/.ef, are made for Me.*r?t's. LyniaijH, Clare "& Co'. ;Uhc capuciiy <^f thoee casks rilngf-sf from one gallon up to 8i.)«y galious; they are {)rincipul!y used for drilgs rttid paints. Mr. Iloliday niiikeg a l.irge quan- tity of jvork for the military stationed iu the Province; it is chiefly of a strong and .Jubstantitl description. 'In his warehouse he keeps fifteen men emphiye?! for the cooperage of flour, and to attend to the sliiprnent and translripment of ])roduce committed to his cafe. The < work turned out at the shops of Mr. Holida* is of a very superior kind ; and this statement, which will Ik* accepted by all whb have dealings with diim, is further boriie out by tlieciroUmstarfco that a/ the late Exhibits oi held in \- ,/\ if I 4 ' *■ I ."^ * *'.' ■' 4 ' 1^: / ^0 -^ J!?.^^by Mr. Fittfl himself,' uatil 1834, when be gaye his bro- ther Rn iate«^8t in the concern; This arrangement 'i> tpd till IFSO, when the rpartnerehir waa dissoJived, Ao-ain Mr Fittg co!5tiucn of baking i« Bom'thiog as toUowa, ;— the flour afn r bdng moistened with • ■' '~~ ^^i^ -^ 'V J. -. .".r ■| ''^ :'^* ! WW 1^ I 'S^ BUSINESS 8KETCHIS -*^^i" capable of bolaing on tbe blade about a dozen of cakes. To see these cakes when placed in the oven, thin and nnsobstantial as they appear, and then to witness them coming ont plump, round, appetizing Boston crackers, creates m tue miad of the spectator the moiaentary idea that what he saw put in and what he sees taken out, ciinnot be one and the same thing. The crackers after being baked-the bakory is situated in the basement- are remoyed to the shop, and for the time being are de- PQSited m lArge bii^ ; afterwards Jhey are packed up in barrels and boxes ready for market. Mr Fitta has anpther bakery at 6f College Street, where all kinds of biscuits ^r: manufactured by machinery; in the estab- hebmefat in St Joseph Stre^ they are all made by hand : both of these bakeries are kept iii constant employment and give occupation to qolte a number- of workmen rfce bakery m St Joseph Street is tbe largest, the other being merely an auxiliary. It may be interesting in this connection to remark, that Mr. Fitts, for tbe past thirty- six years, h^e been in the habit of preparing tbe Paseover bread for the festival observed by our cltiz.^ns of the Jewi$h persuasion ; this fact spenks well for the profes- sional repuiatioa of Mr. Fitts. as the bread is question has to be prepared with tbe utmost care, aiwl of the very best and choicest IncrodientB. There is one thing no- ticeable about these ©keries, and that is the remarkable clean iress and matnesi every where to be observ-d in the prcmisps, and in the manufacture of the crackers The greatest c^re is taken to keep the flour, tbe dough the oven, Ac, perfectly free from extraneous substances and to this as well as other canses may be traced the lepntfttion which the products of Mr. Fitt«» bakery have acquired throughout this city and the Province. It may be Interesting to state here a fact which redounds much to the credit of Mr. Fitt?,, namely, that bis emploj^s have been m bis service, some of them from the time, and other«*shortly after, be began busioeAS. One 'man has been wih him 36 years, tbe foreman 28 years, another map 25 years, two men 20 years each, and one 15 years; the total number of yearg added togethfer ii©j©-r- >»G5 ^ , <5!S«0^- .J-0SQ^^ ■^ ( BUSINESS SKETCHES. 161 makes 141. Mr. Pitts himself carries on bis trade where be first commenced it, adapting, of course, his premises, from time to time, to the exigencies created bybasiness. S. G. PATTON & CO.'S COAL ,OIL AND LAMP STORE.' One of the most important basinesses that have sprung into ez'Stence within the past few years la that in petro- leum, coal oil, abd the various s{>ecie8 of substances manufactured theriefrom. The oil trade has assumed great importance in Montreal, and much enterprise and capital are invested in it, whether the wholesale or retail transactiona be regarded. The firm whose name heads this article is largely engaged in this business, carryino: on an extensive trade, wholesale and retail, in Montreal and other parts of; the Province. Their store No. 35 St. Francois Xavief Street, is in an excellent position, the premises being sppcious and well adapted to their busi- neie, pasticularly'the wholesale brafich. The store pos- sesses the advantage of a good front, g|ving ample scope fpr a prominent ; display of their stock-in-trade. The premises are 30 b^ 80 feist, and extend from St. Francois Xavier Street to the rear of the iBxohange building, having a spaciojis cellar underneath. There ii a Inrge And valuable stock of burning oils oo hand, besldos hu extensive awJ vayied collection of -oil lamps, graduating from the cheap abd plain lamp at one dollar, to the ovf r- grown, aiistocrntic oil-burner, whose beautiful marbi^ baso and elega«t stem atid bowl, with eostly chimruy and shade, proclaim its price ai ope far over.-st^^g the tradesman's- thimble re«K>urctf. ' The ibelvas are full of lamp chiranies, brilliant reflectoYs, hand lamps and 00 forth, and shades of Artistic pattern and decoration suited to eve^i'yjftB'e. This firoi, owing^ to its ooftneo- tloni, extousi?e stock; and (abundant means, is iii • po?i. tion to fill any orders from t^wn or oon^iry, tbair (nWU tlet-fbr tb« pR^Mg up of oon^g mentf of ^ and lalnpi for transportation being among the beat. Their tfkde f - iO<»r- thdt X° ^ \ w4 -««*» I I 162 BUSINESS SKETCHES being ertensive and at first hand, the firm of PattOQ k Co is in a position to transact buBiness on terms the most advantageous to their customers. THE CANADA HOTEL. Thi3 one of the oldest establishments of the kind in Montreal, is in St Gabriel Street. The building was orieinnlly the property and buaineas pr^^mises of the Nor Wfgt Company, «Dd' afterwards la^ed i"to 'be posses- sion of Madame St. J tlien, proprielress of the Donegaaa Hf.tfi, who after 60u:^ tune didposed ot it so Mr. S.Gi- ral'ii who carrj'^d oa tbfrein the business of a hotel for ih?- .*^t Dine jparg. liie eMUtuishia-^nt bting favorably kD.>w 1 as tne " Canadc* Hotel " Go th j first ot May last Mr G.raldi refrei from ihebusiaeas, having sold out his :".terP8tto Mr. Theodore Saucitr, liie present enterprising proprietor of the estabhshment. The building is eiten- 3!Te, wel' laid out, and in evety w,iy a most euicable one f r h ti ' at elass hotel. It bis u noutage of ICO feet, with a Kood proportion ible deith. In addition to th« mfun building, which comprises five spacious teaaniaWe sto- ne?, there is an east and we*t wing, each aooat sixty t et ia depth and three stories hieh. J ae eptire eatab- ,«( u.ot hoo»enieore. fc'in'-e eoming mto posaeiaioo of the '* Canada Hotel,' the present proprieO- baa, to a large extent, r«'filted and pe furniihed the pi«»i»e«. which ara bow a more desira- bto residwic* than beretc£>ra. The w*ftl« of tie first flat il oocupiad as a dining rooa, offiow, m«d»*f room, pa- loon and to forth, the slttmf rooms, panor*. «>«l-rootos KDd bath roo«i baiof !• tte m^t itones and ^^J •^ oessibla. Tb» boiWiu* m laamti by ooal »nd wtsd stoves, and w«U lighted m m- »^ii» *fV»°75»l toAod froiri tb« " ^.mi»m* ^ ommbmrn titeAglsf to establishiB^flt i the -»^r<3v W 'attoa k «rm8 the I kind in [iing was " the Nop' e posses- >ODegaAa Ir.S. Gi- hotel for favorably May last d out bis erpiiaing is exten- dable ooe feet, with tb* mmn table ato- ottt sixty in eatab- n eiefant • a large, id ligtsed Uiog ioO Sin''? Dtel," the fitted and »re.de8ira- e fimt flat room, ta- »«d-rooint ^••ily *•- kod wf«d eooTrfftd cagisf ^ :j > i ©©^^4. •_»xf»^ 5) BUSINESS SKETCHES. " 163 DRUGS^ AND CHEMICALS. It wculd be difficult to find a more select drug store than the one. kept by Mr. J. A.'Harte, No. 208 Notre Dame Street. An exterior view of the ' premises ^hows that they possess all the elements of attractiveness; and the window, always sure to arrest the attention of the spectator, indicartes, by the manner in which Some of the articles of his business are displayed; the neatness, order and taRtefulness to be found in the interior of ^the premi- ses. £very one is aware that the avocation of a druggist is one that requires various qualificationa),-pronjinent among T^hich are carefulness and previous scientific pre- paration. Mr. Harte has both these advantages, together with long experience, and to th^se as well as to other subsidiary circumstances, may be attributed, perhaps, the rapid success which he haB<^ attained. Hig stoie, faside, is a model of judicious arrangement, a place -for every tfting and everything ""in its place. ^Tbe various ar- ikles" requisite in i»ny eatablishment of the,|tiod, are all TO be procyred at Mr. Harte *s drug store. Here there are drugs and chemicals of ivU descriptions; select per- fumes , the mogt popular of the patent medicines ; spices of every kind,; coal oil of the best quality ; bvi'^ning •fluid, lamps?, articles for t^e toilet, cosmetics, most favorably known as adjuncts to beauty ; and iafact a host of other things iodispeasable in his business. The premises oc- cupied by Mr. Harte are well adapted* to the require- ments of bis trade ; they are very comm'odious, and have Tately undergone large alterations in the upper parts, to suit the- increase of his busincfss. Mr. Hart« is agent for the celebrated St. Leon water, a mineral beverage of acknowledged excellence, and one that of late has riseri° rapidljr in the estimation of the pnbHc, not onlv of this city "but of the Proyince. It is not long ago since the im|X)rtntion of foreign mineral waters constituted one of the parts of a druggist's business; but this state of things has been altered considerably ,and this is owing to the fttot that we possess springs in Gartada able to com- ^ pote yrlXh the QeVman spas, and that we have aiaon|rst u J^^j^,^.- ^ ^ — ■ ■ ! \1 # 'i T 4 /' \ f N lit 2 164 >^C5! BUSINXB8 SKETCHES 35^. U8 men like Mr. Harte, who tiae every eflfort to bring our mineral springa under the notice of the community. A prominent feature in Mr. Harte's business is the sale of -agricultural and horticultural seeda, of wb'-; }ie keeps i^ontiand a varie^ of lirst rate qudlitj. It would be well tor those concerned in this' matter tr. koop the above fact in mind, for it is very dlincult-Bome times to prociii'^igood seed, or to 'test their value until too late to remeay the evil. Altogether this is a store which the public may support, "not only with perfect confidence, but also witl^*. profit. • ■ '^ AKIN & KIRKPATRJCK. % This firm bpgan bufiineBS as proi^uce comr ission mer- chautsin 1861, posafssine; the advixntage of having a practical knowledge of the trade. Thpy acquired their exp»:rience in Hritnin|'j_und while acting aa managers to Mr. John D"ou^aU, a capacity they fulfilled for some five jf»ri previous to 18(31. They have succeeded in the s, n(*^fj of two years in (Establishing a large and rapidly .i'uTcneing busiioB?, a fact which Bpeaka well for ihoir e trgy and cnteriiide. Thnr connt'clions exteud to lif .i!y everycctinty ijind town in Upper Canada. The i.r:fici|l« ot resiri ting themiolvps to the produce com- rai'^ioM buaincss, and t!)f tiviag to eac^ transaction their p^nj;;n-al sup'rviblon, I^hb commfTided itgelf to the atten- t.cM of consigrbT'. Aa an evidence of the patronage I; e/ have received wp are informed that in the arti- cl« of butter i;lore, they have sold from the middle of Aii!/!i8t to tho prfsi nt lime the largti quantity of about 8 09 packages. Their bu-inesa iu"-grHiu, flour, ashes, pork and general provinioiaS is al^o eiteusive and on |^he Hicrcase.' The "firm occupy very capacioui? premises, ait- 4i(k!(d on the corner of Comiiisaionora and Port "^'treetfl, coi tiguous 10 the Uoyal IiiBurJImce Boildinga. The rre- n W8 lire in the heart of one of the principsl business locali'iti in Montreal, an .advantage which is highly im- poit«nJt to. the interests t)f coDB'gncrs. The firm have an ( tHc)eut staff of assistants C >r carrying out the va- viS ..^* ©©SBK*-. BUSINISS SEETCHE.S. 165 riona detaila of ofiBce and warehouse. When, praotieable sales are made from the place of landing. The small margin for profits on produce of late years, b»8 rendered it imperative to keep charges at the lowest possible point, and Messrs. Akin k Eirkpatrick's success proTO their efforts in this direction to have been appreciated. CARPET WAREHOUSE. Carpets, formerly regarded as luxuries, and found only in the palaces of the great, hare, with the march of ci- rilization, grown to be regarded as necessaries in every househpld ; and, probably, in no branch of industry has a greater amount of skill and taste been expended than in the productions of the carpet Ibcm. Since the catrpet trade i»a? first jnade a specialty in this city, over a quarter of a cenJtury ago, Mr, James Baylia has been connected With it, and ho has now two extensive estab- lishments, one in, this city, No. 74 Great St. James Street, ^nd the other in Toronto, No. 3 King Street, Eaat. His impoHationp, for the two establighments, are .jy- probably- in excess of those of any other house in th^. tradfe in Canada; their ejctent and his long experience ;> enable him to command every advantage the Buropeait*'' markets afford. ' Mr. BayUs imports direct from the mari*^ ufacturers, and nearly all his goods are made to order. ^^ Bis warehouse in Great St. James Street, in this city, is of cut stone, three stories in height, and is one of the most attractive on the street. The coupd'ceil on enteriuR is very fine— a depression of the rear part of the second flat displays the contents of that portion of the build- ing, and from the large windows at the back additional light is aflorded to the first flat. Here is to be seen a large and varied assortment of the commoner and ordi- nary grade* of carpet^ngs, including Hismp, Wool, Dutch, Union, Superfine, Victoria twill, Imperial and other kinds-, alai, Cocoa, Chinese and Manilla mattinss ; to* gether with a large assortment of floor oil cloths, door mats, stair lods, Ac, Ac. Down one side of the room are carpets wound upon rollers, which extend ajong the B^s^^- T-%^1 '■m ':6 ! ■■! »! \ i 1^ S 166 BUSINESS SKETCHES. .>^<^M S walls and reach from floor to ceiling; by this arrange- ment each pattern can be examined with ease and expe- dition. There is also an ingenions contrivance for dis- playing patterns of floor oil clothB, without the necessi- ty of opening the cumbrous, rolls. This consists of a series of folding doors, on either side of which is dis'-, played a separate specimen of oil cloth, and which are', so arranged against the wall as to open and shut at will, \ folding over each other, and occnpjing, when closed, the space that would otherwise be required for each. This arrangement, besides economising space, enables the purchaser without loss of time to view the different styles and patterns, to make comparisons, and select to the best advantage. The cloths exhibited are of great variety, both in design and quality; they are of English and American manufacture, incltiding the celebrated productions of Hare & Co., of Bristol, and are to be had of any shape and dimensions, the webs varying from 18 inches to 24 fe«^ in width. Rolls of carpet are piled over each other in every available space round the room. Ascending the stairs the depressed portion of the second fiat is reached. Here are kept stair darpets, stair linens, crumb cloths, hearth rugs; some of thfe finer descrip- tions of mats, &c., &c. Also, a large variety of cuNain materials and trimmings, in which Mr. Baylis deals ex- tensively. Iiv cornices he has many beautiful designi on exhibition. In this department there is great ti»^t« displayed. We noticed a great variedly of maimine»« all to exact match, being manufactured exfw^tlt to suit the various materials for--~aMt»iu8, a»ongst which are plain and embroidered^ Terry feif«, Keptarraa, Arras and Laguerra Oloihs* and some t«c7 beautiful qualities of Gaprera and Pekin clotba, which we tho««^i sufficient to {.lease th« most faBtidioua — although at tt« time of our visit Mr. Baylis informed ut the assortawnt . was much reduced bj extensive sales. It is bit inten- tion to keep this departmeai coBstantly replenished with the moat saleable goods. In MusMa. Leno, Not-' tinfF^am Lace and embfotdeted Swiss cjtrtains, he exhi- bits a great rarietv. A few steps leat ^om this to the ^tCV«>' -T-as^s BUSINESS SKETCHES front portion of the flat,. which ia a large and remarkably well Ifghied apartment, and where are kept the finer class of carpetings, including Tournays, Medallions, Vel- rets, Brussels, Tapestries, &c. Most of these are from the celebrated looms of Messrs. Jna. Croasley & Sons, Etalifax, England, whose productions stand unrivalled for beauty of coloring and richness of design. We be- lieve Mr. Baylis prides himself upon the extent, and choice description of goods in this department, and certainly it would appear impossible to excel most of the designs in chaste coloring and elegance of outline —description is impossible, the eye alone can ap- preciate. The Mosaic hearth-rug5, fire-screena, &c., from the sarns makers, ate splekdid specimens of artistic design and finish ; thfy arf , in fact, fjictures, in which the loom competes -with the bru^sh and palette of the painter, and afford striking examples of the marvellous adaptability of machiaery, under the inventive genius of man. Mr. Bajlis' arrangements with Messrs. Jno. Crossley A Sons^ and the other- leading manufacturers of " Europe, enable him to offer the latest novelties as soon as produced. The third flat is appropriated to the stor- age of the enormous rolls, of oil-cloth, pattern^ of which are exhibited below ; also, tl^urplus stock of carpets, mattings, &c , not immediate^ wanted. The rear por- tion cf this flit is partitioned off into rooms, where are employed a number of upholsterers and women engaged in making up carpets, curtails, &c,,' These beingf made up on the premiaes are more immediately^ under the su- pt?rvigion of the proprietor, which ^fford* all possible guarantee for their execution with ^are and despatch^ That such esj-ublishments are liberally afd iocreasinply supported in our.ipidst, affords ploaaing ^roof of oui: •ubatantial prosperity. r' THE UNIVERSAL CUTHES WRINGER. Mr. S. I. Bancroft, Vf the City Expfesa Office, Oltehi St James Street, is agent for Low^r Canada, oa behalf of the Unirepsal Clothes Wringer, an invention of W. ^Sy^ ,.f I I- Vi I 'if' ^ ^a'Sife-' ■^^'. BUSINESS SKETCHES H. Ohilds h Co., Hamilton, which promises to come into general- use, if utility and efficiency can contribute to populanty. This is a Canadian invention, and is no S?u *° *^/it^<^» to th0 labor-saving appliances of the age ? ^1 '* °^ *^® public has pronounced this machine to be the best and only reliable wringer for sale in Ca- nada, the most durable in make, and combining more strength of fram^ capacity for pressure and power of action than any of its rivals. It is the only wringer with the patent cog-wheel regulator, for turning both rolls together. The advantage of the cog-wheel is this --that without them the whole strain of forcing the cloth through the machine is thrown ufon the lower roll, and the cloth is thts made to act in the place of cog-wheels to drive the upper roll, thus causing three times as much strain upon 'the lower roll as when the cog-whieels, saving the shown by e wheels c pable f>f size or shape this patent regulator are used, besides "itrain upon the cloth. It Las been that clothes wringers without cog- ^epended upon. This machine is ca- ^ly and firmly secured to tubs of any . , . imple in conatruction, does not readily get out of repair, can be used by any washer-woman, can be worked by a child ten years old, and will save its cost every nine or twelve months in the economizing ot clothes. This machine has given entire satisfaction to all who have used it ; and from the hundreds who have purchased it in Canada, there is ample and impar- tial testimony as to its excellence. Amongst those who have stamped it with approval we such men as the Hon. Isaac Buchanan, M.P.P. ; ReV. Dr. Ormiston: Hon. W. P. Howland, M.P.P. ; Judge Richards, Ac, &c. The press of this Province has spoken in favorable terms of this invention, and the London Tmcs, of August 14, 1862, in noticing the articles in the Amerioan Court of the Exhibition, refers to it in terms of unqualified ap- proval. The Universal • Clothes Wringer is a desidera- tum in every laundry, and' its merits only require to bo sufficiently known to bring it into general demand. ^©<^<" '>*®9^ m BUSINESS SKETCHES 169 § D. REES & CO., CURERS OF PROVISIONS, INSPECTORS OF BEEF, PORK, &c. The premiBea of D. Reea & Co., Nos 28, 30 and 32 Urey Nun Strest, deserve, from their extent, and the magnittide and importance of the bMiness carried on ^l\ V T^^^^V^i®^ dcBcriptive ^A The trade in which Reee is Co. are engBged, iPoriginated more thana quarter of a century ago, by Mr. Moore, who conducted it till 1846, when after a few chanies it pawed to Mr. Macdonald ; but the latter gentleman dying m 1855, Mr. D. Rees, who assisted m the ppincipal management for years before Mr. Mac- donalds death, assumed entire control, and conducts the business personally at the present time, attending to all the details «f curing provisions, inspecting beef, pork and butter, and selling on commission. The principal store 18 about 60 feet wide, and 125 feet in length, and here the office is situated. This store is built in a very substantial manner, and in every way adapted to the purposes for which it was erected. The second flat is appropriated to Ihe storage of salt, of which it is neces- sary to keep constantly on hand some fifteen or twenty thousand bushels. The cellar below the store is used in winter for the pneking of perk and*the curing of hams and bacon ; it also contains an apartment in which is carried on the process known as " dry curing." To the right of the store above mentioned is a capacious yard —one of the most indispensable requirements about the premises. The yard U planked throughout, contains excellent sh?ds, an^ affords every facility for the inspec- Uon of pork coming from the Western States in the spring of the year, as well as from different parts of Ca- nada. On passing out of the principal store, a gateway leading from the street is observed on the left hand side, and at the extremity of this passage is the smoke house. On crossing the passage in question another store is en- tered ; in this store the beef is inspected and cured. In connection with what has been said regarding beef, it may be stated that Mr. Rees has a slaughter house ^^©4fiMr- ah-. '-^^^Q% J /• ^ ■\. =L r •^ ■;'•' ■■ • ' ^i y ■ 1 ^ \ >^ ■^ti V; •• €f % A IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 S IB 122 Ul 14.0 2.0 in U 11.6 Hiotograi;^ Sciences Corporation xtent of the business transac- ted by Mr. Rees may be formed when it is stated that about 30,000 barrels of beef and pork pass through his establishment hnnually, beeidee largdquantiMes of butter : with regard to the latter article, it may be well to notice that he is the Government insppotor of butter, having been appointed to that reeponsible pdst by the Board of Trade, acting under the auhority of Act of Parliament. Mr. Rees gives employment to ten men the year round, and in the busy season affords occupation to over three times that number. There is one peculiarity about his stores that deserves especial mention, which IS, thit all property entrusted to hii protection is amply covered by insurance. This system was lately introduced by Mr. Rees a6d is one which must commend itself highly to consigners and to all who are acquainted with the nature of the business in which he is so sacoessfully engaged. JOHN F. HENRY & CO. This ent^erprising firm first commenced business in the town of Waterbnry, Vt., some fifteen years ago. The business was established by James M. Henry, father of the present senior member of the firm, who afterwaffls admitted his sons John F. and ^illiam into partnershrp. About two years ago Mr. Jaf. M. Henry retired, and A iZ^^' •>%G5»; ' 4' %^^^ BUSINESS SKETCHES 171 ^ William took a eommiasion ia the Federal army. Mr. Johnson, who had been for many years a traveller for the houae, purchased the interest of Wm. Henry, and the business has since been conducted by Mr. John F.. Henry and K. B. Johnson, und^r the name and style of John F. Henry & Co. They have some seven or eight teams constantly making trips through the eastern States, New York, New Jersey, a part of Pennsylvania, and both sections of Canada. These teams supply country merchants with goods on commission, or take their orders to be tilled fiom the Montreal or Waterbury House, The Montreal branch was opened some five years ago, in comnarativelr small premises^ in St. Henry Street, But their InijreMrffg business necessitated more extensive acctmimodation, • and they accordingly re- moved' to thSklarge and centrally located premises. No. 303 St. P©^ Street, next door to Greene & Son s, and directly MlAi^e Messts. Geo. Hagar & Oo. Their bu- siness is rapidly and steadily incieasiog. They keep canatantly on hand a large and varied assortment of patent medicines and perfumery. They are agents for many of the paincipil medicines, such as^Radway s Re- lief and Pills. Mrs. Winslow's Soothing Syrup, Hostet- ter's Bitterj (for which they have juat contracted to re- ceive 100 dozen per month), and many others, the peculiar nomenclature of whicTi we fiad it auile impos- sible to retain in our membry. They are also the pro- prietors of the celebrated Dawn's Bllmtefcnd Henry s Vermont Liniment. The sale of thig* Wiciries is very great and steadily increasing. Kotwithstanding the prejadiceB that have existed against patent medi- clues, their use is rapidly »nd largely on the increase and many of them are nowproscrlVd and recommended by the leidiog physidans-of the day. ^ In 00"°';^ P\*"J» where the services of a medical man are not a>way8 to be obUined, at least without great delay, the a^van^ag* of having a pill, a plaster, a balsam, a sfrup, apaln-kiUer o a tJnlc ready Wp^r^d to hand, are very evident ; while the fkct that such 6an be procured at J^e Hfllog cost of from 26 cents to a dollar, is strongly In their favor. .^ I 5S>50^' -■^^G^ . < I H I u » --^©©^ BUSINESS SKETCHES BERRY'S SEWING MACHINBS, The proprietor 6f the fiiat prize sewing machine depot, corner of Anderaon and Laganchetiere Streets, com- menced basineBB as an engineer in the year 1842. He was then chiefly employed ia the construction of engines, water-wheels, mills, gearing, type-moulding machines, machmists' tools, lathea and screwing tackle, printing presses aod their furn tore, railway axles, hand-cars, &c. He ecected the first power printing press in Canada, at Montreal, for the Montreal Gazette ; he also was em- ployed to fit up McLean & Wright's car factory, in «rifli|itown ; he had temporary charge of the type foun- dry, while carrying on his own business : and had the direction of the engine shop at Longueuil, then belong- ing to the St Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad Co. Mr. Berry engaped in the manufacture of sewing roachines in the year 1853 In 1856 he obtained the first prize and diplomas for sewinK machines at the Kinpston Provincial Kxfiibition, and secured prizes at the Exhibitions held in this city m the years 1857. 1868 and 1660. He has gained prizes at every exhibiiion where bis machines ap- pealed ; a fact which bears teBtimox^ik their merits, and which should be borne in minfl^Kll who intend porchaeing articles of this descriptiohT^r. Berry is the inventor of the revolving tension, regulator, a much needed improvement, for tightenint? the thread ; for this improvement be received a prize at the Kingston Eibibi- tion. In the United States it was appropriated and pa- tented by manufacturers, who at once recooDized its advantages, but failed to (ioMr. Berry the iastice of acknowledging publicly that he was the inventor. Mr. Berry has latelv added another improvement to sawing machinei, called ap " an ti-f fictional loop stopp^er," where- by the loop is held back, without touching anything but the thread This invention— for which he secured a patent m Canada in July last, and for which he has made application for patents in the United States and lfingland--doefl away with the leather pad or brush nted on the Wheeler k Wilson maebices. The sewing !>«5C" ~->mQ^ ^©?&>«.. BUSINESS SKEtCHES macblneB made by Mr. Berry are admirably adapted for either light or heavy sewing, Buoh as shirt work, dress making, tailoring, sboe-biodiog /and foxing, hem- ming and felling, and hirndss wdrlp^;^ and are equally uaefal to private famiiiea 63 to pani)»factQrers. Among some of their characteristics, hia macbitiss are noted for simplicity, darabili«y, speed and economy of needles and thread. A commendable feature of these machines is, that they work without noi^e., Mr. Berry can refer in- tending purchasers to numeroas private families and ma- nufactarers in this city and throughout the Province. Ail his machines are of his own making, and be has eo con- liection with any other manufaclorer in Canada or elsewhere. Every purchaser is iosiructed gratis, and eaob machine is warranted. In a word, Mr. Berry has the facilities, as well aa the reqaiaite skill and experienee, for the successful prosecution of his busineas, and guaran- tees entire satisfaction with every machine be selis. He constrnctfd a machine, efght years ago, which has sewn, since that time, upwards of 1000 miles of binding, yet it is still as effective as ever. This fact proves that although the machines may cost a ttifls more in the first place than those of other manufacturers, their excel* lence and reliability justify fully the slight additional outlay— an outlay which is only fractional. TAILORS AN^GL§3:HI£RS. The establishment of Messrs. Galbraith & Browlo, tailors, clothiers and general outfitters, Mechanics' i^.l, Great St. James Street, is one of the best known among establishments of the same kind in this city. A really good suit of clothes, that is to say, the best cloth made up in the b«dt fashion, is a desideratum which many pay \irell for, but d6 .not always obtain. In the establishment of Qalbraith & Brown there are to be found not only first rate material, but the best of workmanship, done by skilful journeymen in the first style. This firm pay particular attention to the i changes of fashions, a most important point towards the a •J* r^ 174 ■ «f> I BUSINESS SKJiTCHES reputation they have kchieved. They are constantly in receipt of all the latest Paris, London and New York fashion3^:_they have had long experience in their business, and possess. «- perfect knowledge of all its details. This being the case, they are prepared to give their customers every satisfaction in style as well as in workmanship Messrs. Galbraith & Brown devote particular attention to 4h^ making up of military and otUer uniforms. Every one IS aware that nothing looks more awkward in the ranks at a review than an ill-fitting uniform. The mate- rial fbr a uMiform is dear enough, and such being the case some pains ought certainly to be taken to have it made up properly. This Messrg. Galbraith & Brown undertake to do, and from what they h^ve alreadv performed in this department of their business, and from the reputation of the firm, there is every guarantee for their giyine per- fect satisfaction. 6 "i 1 STATIONERY. Mr. G. Dagg, Stationer, 37 Pt. Francois Xavier Street, carries on the buainess first established by the late Mr. Hew Ramsay, some thirty .years 800 Mr Ilam?ay was eiicceeded by Mr Thomas Campbell who* m his t^urn was succeeded by Mr.: Dag^', who began busi' ness about foi^r years since, and I a% cnntinuod it up till the present time. He combines tbe functions of pub- lisher with those of statiorer, and isauea from his own press the r.ational series of scbuol book%, which number altogether pcma two dozon disti- ct volumes. Mr Daga imports stationery, which he dispones of by whoieaale • and besides he deals in papr-bapgingB, of which he has a considerable variety. Every article rfqnired in the business of an office 48. to be obtain d at the store of Mr. Dagg— in fact the eetabliahmei^ contains all that can be comprised In the word stationery. The book- bindry is situated on the second flat, and is divided into two dep»rfment8, one of which is a work-room for wo- men, the otbfr for men. The basinp.ss of the women is to fold, gather and stitch the sheets as they come from ^(a;QJ »* v :^=T= BUglNESH SKETCHES. 175 § the. press, into book form ; after this they are banded to the workmen, who are engajzed in the mote arduous me- chanical occupation of affixing the covers. The book- bindry of Mr. Dagg is kept busily eogaged, asmay, oe judged from the ract of his employing about twenty^ five hands. As far as regards the work done, and the manner In which it is turned out, the establishment of Ur. Dagg would seem to sustain the reputation it ac- quired while under the management of bis predecessors. W. McGONlTELL'S COAL STORE. OIL AND LAM? w % ^ ^®»< Nothing is more indispensable ^ the cohvenrence and enjoyment of the householder tlwH cheap and abundant light. The artisan at his humble table, as well as the millionaire at his sumptuous board, groaning uni^er a costly weight of plater ftnd luxuries, rejoices to see his homestead well lit up, and to have at hand the means to enable him to wile away his evening pleaiantly in the midst of the family circle. Nothing has done so much of late to render the home of- the working man cheerful and comfortable as the discovery of rock oils, and the conse- quent enlarged manufacture of that now most popular article the oil-lamp, affording a reatly and economical supply of light. As every body, therefore, bums oil to throw light on his domestic operations, the great desider- atum is to know wliero oil and lamps can be procured to best advantage, having'regard to good quamy nl30. The store of Mr. Wm. McConnell, corner of Great St. James and St. Peter Streets, wo at once present to the notice of the reader. This shop is ene of the best bu'sinesa stands of the city, although the building is of uapretendiag np- )earance. Its enterprising proprietor must be wtll cnown as one who doth not hide his light under a )U8hel, the public who wend their way through the upper part of Bleury or Great St. James Streets having nightly the advantage of an illuminated path, thanks to the splendid lamp and large and brilliant reflector erected in front of the shop. Mr. McCofinell has a select and '•MtQ^ f^ i I , I -I ■ !l 2 176 -i^e] BUSINESS SKETCHES valuable stock of burning oils, oil lamps, and everything connected with this trade, on hand, a«d is therefore ia a position to accommodate and satisfy every purchaser. His shelres are garnished with a beautiful collection of lamps. Here a large and choice variety of lamps may be geen — of many colors and dissimilar models, yet all of excellent design and capital illuminators. There is an extensive supply of, ehimnies, wicks, hand-lamps, &c., and several very pretty lamp chandeliers. Those who seek the means of cheap enlightenment at thi» store, will not return disappointed. MICHIGAN, SOUTHERN AND NOKTHERN INDIANA RAILROAl). Office Great St. James Sheei^ opposite the Post Office. This road, favorably known to the travelling public, connects with the Grand Trunk Railway at Detroit junction, and forms a direct, comfortable and expedi- tious route to Chicago and all points west, south, and north-west. An agency for this line was established in Montreal some two years ago, by Mr. Samuel C. Hough, who has since been promoted to the post of general passenger agent in Chicago, and his place here filled by Mr. George Enearl, who was for seven years previous connected with the management or the telegraph de- partment of the Grand Trunk Railway. Up to the tim6 when the office was located in this city, the advantages of this road were very little known to the Canadian community. Since then, however, owing to judicious management, and the care evinced by the company in looking after the interests of passengers, the line has attracted not only public attention but public confidence and patronage. Besides the road from Detroit to Chi- cago direct, this Company has one from Toledo to a point forming a junction with the first at Blkhart, about midway, where trains stop for dinner, *c.; and J still another from Detroit t« Toledo, where close con- J nections are made with all the roads from that place, n igd^T- - * ^iGfi I BUSINX8S BEXTCHCS south, east and west. Paseengers from Canada take their ears at Detroit or Detroit junction (if via G. T. B.) and ma through without change, orer a track that i uliBnrpagsctd on thii Continent. There are several pla- ces of rising importance on this route, and the farming lands of Southern Michigan, Northern Ohio, Northeni Indiana and Illinois, are among the b«gt in the Western States. At Chicago intimate connections are made with all the roads leading west, south and north-w«9t from that place. Every possible attention is given to ensure the comfort of passengers and the safety of their baggage, which is checked through to all principal available poicts. The pasaeager accommodation is all that could be desired ; the cars are fitted up with all the modem improvements, and the conductors and other employes are civil, attentive and obliging. This line, taken as a whole, is one that deserves to be patronised. All whose business or pleasure leads them to visit the principal cities in the western, south or north-western states, would do well to call at the office here previous to Uieir departure, where Mr. Bnearl, the agent, is always to be found ready and anxious to tkuswer en^ quiries and to furnish every information. LIFE AND GUARANTEE ASSUlmCE. THE EUROPEAN ASSURANCE SOCIETY. The European Issurance Society, empowered by speeial acts of the Imperial and Canadian Parliaments for ibn assurance of lives, annuities, and the guarantee of fidelity in situations ef trust, occupies the offices formerly in the possession of the Orand Trunk, Great St. Junes' Street. The subscribed capital of the Com* pany ii £800.000 stg., with power to increase to one milUon sterling; the annual revenue ih>m premium is £150,000 stg., and the assets are over XSOO.OOO stg. So . much for the financial position of the Society, and now a 6 word or two as respects iu olyects. These are very { g^^3^— >%G9!i J I , > i 1 S' 178 ..*^f(. S. Tylee, Bsq., Merchaoii Medical Adviser, George W. Campbell, M^ D. M^liager for Canada, W\J(' Ramsay. Inspector orAgenciei^j Richard Bull. •" , i .. ' 4 - ■ J THE ITAUAN WAKEHOUSE, MONTREAL. This is, the name^f an extensive establishment, lately" opened in Great St."5ames Street, Montreal, by the well- known and enterJjrisiLg grocer, Mr. AltfJtander McGibbon. As a business stand, the «ite «f the Italian inTarehouse possesses every 'advantage, being situated in the roost fashipnable as well as one of the moat freqaehted streets in MontreaL t^This large Grocery occupies the lower range, of -this premisea known as Printing House Build- ings, and is directly opposite John Street;. The exterior is yery> attractive, and the window is arranged, in such a way ^ not only to gratify the eye, but alsd to excite the admiration of the^sppQ^tor.^ All the more Te'chtrche articlda in the scope of the grocers' buainesa are here to ^©!©^- ■*T- ■T^^eQ^ '■^i ^-> s.' ■■■■■ . / i ■ -i^ Z' -»• J. ? 182 .>«j®.^ BUSINESS 8K E T C H E 8 be seen displayed in their moBt eflfecwve man'ner, and it may be safely said, that a finef exhibition, in its own particaUr line, is not to be witnessed either in Men-. treal or, perhaps, in Canada. Having said so much about the exterior of the premises, we will no# endeavor to give our readers an idea of the interior, addiogTBuch other details as may^prore of interest, .The 'length of the premise* is l20 feet; the' breadth, 30 feet. The basement, throughout its entire extent, is devoted to the storage of whole packages. In the other, or second basement, a vast slock of wines and alos are kep* ; and here, also, the wines are tapped and bottled. At the rear of thi? bnseraent there is a large hoisting apparatus, far t levatiog the heavier goods from Forti- tication Lane ; a >-ireei that runs at the back of the pr«iutifur workoma- %\i.%, with cornices rirlily carved and gilded ; and l>t- tween the panels, vvliijh are seoarut-d bv piasters, there is placi'd a seri 8 of haudaome luirrors. A prb- rainent -place i.s set a, art for coc.iil?,, cliocolatea and broma-i, and iiide()eQdently of the excelionce of those, articles theuiselvo.-, the manner of their arrangeujent would attract the observation of the visitor.. We have noticed some Tea canisterH, "got up" in the highest style of .ornanu'nfati'Mi, and aa models of deaigu and finish, the most showy, perhaps, ever placed in a grocers store in Oanada. On different other parts of the shelved there are ranged an infinite variety of articles selected from the . beH sources, and in thus procuring the several descrip- tions of goods, Mr. McGibbon's lonfe exiiorieoce, as his customers well know, stands him in good stead. On the counter there! are setts of scales of the latest pattern, and mathematically exact : they were specially imported I ^V>"W ■rtr^'if %0^y^ BUSINESS SKETCHES 183 2 from London by Mr. McGibbon, In the shop th^re is a large refrii^erator for the protection of butter and other articles liable to be A^^cted by the heat of the weather. At the rear is the o<}ice, bat it is arranged in such a way as not to interrupt the flae view of the store as seen from one extremity to the other. At some dia^oce from the ofiice, Lut in the same end of the premises, there is a coffee mill, driven by steam, and capable of grinding three pounds in the course of a minute. ^^ After dark^^pen the store is lighted up by no fewer thian tweniy-one lamps, the whole building, seen from end, to ebd, without anything to interrupt the view, presents as brilliat^ an effect as could be seen anywhere. The Italian Warehouse, though designed far a first- class family retail biisinesti, ie, nevertheless, well adapted for carrriotj on a lirye whole^iale trale, a continuation of which Mr. McGibbon expects in bis new establishment. Finding his basilicas was extendir% westward, Mr. McGibbon found it absolut.ly necdl|Sry that he should open anoiher establiahraeii': for thH con- venience of his western customers, and so far has bad every proof that he was right in doing so. Although the principal part of his business i3 expected to be done at the old stuml, Noire Dame iStreet, customers may count U4>6n evfry advantage on calling at the Italian Warehouse, if they find it more convenient, as they will be attended by experienced salesmen iioip. the older establishment. /^ WM. MIBDLETON & CO., WAREHOUSEMEN, &c. Among the many firms engaged in this oity in the warehouse and oOraniission business, the firm of Mid- dleton k €o.<)ocnpie8 a prominent position. Their busi- ness ,is not confined to one establishment alone ; m the contrary, they use a number of premises, each poBsesaing -^^ i K: / . i i i ^ S 184 ..»«C5S^ /' BUSINESS SKETCHES a distinctive feature. The stores situated No. 139 Wei- lingtOQ Street, are directly opposite those of the Hon. John Young, and within a few steps of the Canal Basin. The situation is an excellent x)ne in every respect, and affords the greatest facilities for the shipment and transhipment of goods. The buildings are of stone, and occupy a block. The front, as before stated, is on Wellington street; and there is one side on Colborne and anothef on Shannon stieets ; the depth of the whole is two hundred feet. The stores were erected over a quarter of a century ago, and were designed more with a view to convenience and ample accommodation for goods, than to exhibit a showy appearance. On entering thn premises, passing first into the office, which is almost forty feet in length by twenty in breadth, one reaches the store, which is thirty feet wide and runs the entire length of the building. Leaving this store (which is entirely filled with flour) and enter- ing th6 yard, an extensive platform gangway conducts to the second flat, which is of the same dimensions as the one below it. A large portion of this second flat is used for the purpose of a bonded warehouse. This story is also well filled with floor, tobacco, etc. The gangway already mentioned plays a very important part, for it is so constructed that goods may be carted up to a level with the second storey, and there discharged. Goods may be also removed from the first to the second 5at, and vice vena, without the the tedioos process of hoist- ing. In rear of these stores is a soaoious yard, almost all of which is planked ; running around the yard are extensive sheds, capable of accommodating a large quantity of goods. An idea of the size of these stores may be gathered from the fact that they can find room for no lees than 26,000 barrels of flour. Another advan- tage possessed by these stores is this— that having entrances from Wellington, Colborne and Duke streets, they afford facilititis for the reception and delivery of gSa?^: :-H » g^ \ BVaiMIfg 8KXTCHX8 goodi, which eonatitate an important part in thair favor Til :— Expedition and despatch, with the giMtest economy o^labor. ^^^i.^Y.*^ ^**5. '«*" *^« 'tow in Wellington street, Middleton k Co. possess stores in Oolbome street, directly opposite to the Oanal Basin. The pi«- mises in qaeston are pretty extensive, as may be readily imagined; when it is aUted that they occupy a space amounting to about two acres. These premises ande- voted to the stowage of heavy goods, such si coal, iron. tiles, etc. On the premises are several brick buUdings. occupied as stores, offices, etc., one of them being the office of the government Flour Inspector. Middleton k Co. also occupy a large store on Oommon street. It is built of stone, and runs from Oalhousie to Nazareth street. The situatuja is an excellent one, right m front of the Canal wharves, and the fadlitiet tor ship- ment and unshipment being unequalled. The stores an these formerlv occupied by Gillespie, MolTatt k Co and are admirably adopted for carrying on a lane business. Flour, tobacco and salt are deposited in larve qnantitief, and their capacities ta^ b^ judged when wa sute that thqr can acoommodale 19^000 barrels of flour and 20,000 bushels of wheat Undernaath then is a very large cellar, capable of storing between 7.000 and 8,000 barrels of pork. The yard is planked throuchont and affords special fabiUties Ibr inspecting, cooDerimr and packing pork, a purpose to which it is devotsd in con- nection with the storage. «~ mi «wa An important feature in Middleton * Oc's business, is the storage of coal ofl. for this purpose th^ heve at their dispose two extensive coal oil stores, situated on ^/i°? o °i.**"»**' •"<* Kn««'* w>»<*. in the vidaitv of Point St. Charles. A short descriptioa of the storea in qncstion, which were erected specially for the storaffe of coal oil, may repavthe attention of tka reader. There is one etore on the Ksiit and another on the West side of the Grand trunk RaUway.-The store on the Im! 185$ I of the Gr %9^ ■\ ^' t S 186 -M^J^ I ■) 4 1 f ' BUSINXS8 SEXTCHSS side is a cnriogity in its way. Bxternally it has the appearance of one of those heavy field worjcs we read of BO often now-a-dajB. It is covered with earth on the top and sides ; and fonr doors on each side covere^With iron, suggest the existence of » battery and immense port-holes. The store is divided into two sections by a fire-proof wall ; tl^e first section is devoted to the storage of coal oil, the second benzole. &>th sections taken together are capable of containia^noetween 5,000 and 6,000 barrels. The arrangements in the interior are so excellent, the ventilation so thorough, that Middleton k Go. can, and do, guarantee that each barrel comiog to them in proper order, will leave their store without its contents being in any way diminished. In proof of this we may state thai we were informed by a large whole- sale dealer, who had a quantity of coal oil ^stored in Middleton k Co.'s stoies in November last, and rentoved in June, that it .'Was found to have suffered no loss whatever in the guage. The store on the we^ side of the railway track is some 3f80 feet long, by 75 ^et wide. Like its fellow, it is walled in and roofed with earth, and is fire proof. It is capable of storing between 8,000 and 9,000 barrels, and a portion of it is occupied as a bonded bil warehouse. The cars of the Grand Trunk run right alongside this shed, and the firm take charge of all the oil, whether consigned to them or not,— carried by the Grand Trunk, and are respoosible for its delivery to the consignres. The peculiar advantage connected with the situation of these sheds ts this, that all expense for cartage is saved, and that the damage which follows ihe most careful load- ing and unloading where vehicles are. Concerned, is avoided. Everv preoaudon is taken for the safety of the oil. No smoking is allowed^ and a watchman keeps guard over the sheds, by day and by night. Mr. Wm. Middletc^ tind Mr. A. J. Barnett commeneed business in May, 1863, previous to which time they were engaged in the storage and commission trade. The ^©•<" -^^eG5Hf h ^©2©^. BU8INI88 SKETCHES. M^^ 187 § Buccess .which has attended their present baainess has obliged them to extend their premises from time to time un>il they hare now ample consignments to occupy the very extensire premises we have been describinff Be- sides doing a commission and storage business, Messrs Jiiddleton k Co. are extensive dealers in coal, salt, ftc . and are eonatantly in a position to buy or sell ok the most advantageous terms. If persevering-industry and enterprise 18 any guarantee of success, we may say that Messrs. Middleton ^ Co. certainly deserve a fair share. HALLY & McWILLIAMS, CONFECTIONERS. s Joil" ®^lf^?'^.Sf°* i' """^^^^d ** No. 300 St. Paul Street. The building is three stories in height, and is rLw^fi^ ^°' *J« business carried on by Messrs. Hally & McWilliams. The first flat is uied as a sale and show- room ; and here there are always on exhibition samples of the various kinds of confbctionary manufactured in «•.? fiH'' *^® premises. Every description of sweet- meat that can tickle the palate or please the eye, is produced n this establishment. In t^e rear pf the firs! flat there is a singular machine technically koown as a ' revolving confection pan" It is heated as well as turned by steam. The peculiar feature of this machine IS to cover with sugar any article placed inside. For u^^V * "^^"J^^^^J of almonds is thrown injthe sugar is added, and in a very short time the almonds are coated equallT on all sides, and when they are taken out, present that smooth, snowy appearance with which our ^nrf Ifl^'!. T'^l*'- J^' ™*«^»" does its work far l^w, ^fu'^'^^ 'l*° the human hand, and saves the llndYn the dfy"°''"'°' ** '' *'* '°^^ 'PP*'**°» '' *^« . J^JT^'l^*' ^' ocoupied.bi * number of girls, who !J! n^T^ '° packing np preserves, labelling, etc. On the same flat the mannfticture of lozenges is carried on. The process, ia something as follows :--The £©•<■ '-^^e^^ st \l Iv t^i 188 ? BUSINKSS 8KCTCHES. ■mp^'^F^S Bngtx (the pareit thftt c«a be ob^ioed) is first made into a dottgh. It is then rolled on an iron plate until it is redaced to the thickness required for the losenge. Afterwardi the mottoes'— if the lozenges are meant for those known as " conversation" ones— are stamped upon the plaitie material ; then a young woman strikes out, bj means of a die, lozenge after lozenge, and so dex- terously is this done, that the mottoes are aecuratelj preserred. ' The lozenges are then laid out on trays, and put away in order to be dried. On the third flat, the manufacture of gum drops and the more common class of. candies is carried on ; and on the same storey is the drying-room, where gum drops, JQ-jube paste, etc., is placed in racks and left to remain until fit to be packed up for market. There are twelve persons, in all, employed in this establishment ; and a large amount of confectionary is manufactured daily. Hally k MeWliiams began business about two years ago, as successors to Robert Shields. At first, only a portion of the premises was occopied, now the whole is scarcely found sufficient for the requirements of the trade. The firm deserve praise for the energy with which they have prosecuted this patieular branch of local industry. CABINET-MAEING WAKEHOUSE. iOt. MoQAEVET. The premises of Mr.McQarvevare situateS'ttNo. 205 St. Joseph Street— a thoroughfare which, by thjd way, would seem to be better entitled to the name of Notre Dame Street, West. As Mr. McQarvey is oi^e of the prominent cabinet manu&ctares of Montreal,, it may not be considered out of place to lay before the reader, in a few lines, a sketch of the progress of hyr business. He commenced fourteen yekrs ago ini that part of St. i Antoine Street known as the St. >ntoine Bridge. After i i u ^ — BUSINESS SKETCHES remaining there for three years, he removed to premises located a few doors further oil the same street, and carried on cabinet-making in connection with dealing in colours. Thence, as his trade increased, he removed opposite to those premises he now occupies. Finding, as time went on, that trade continued to roU in upon him' : in increased volume, he removed to Notre Dame Street i but the store — then one of the.finest in the street prov- ing too small for his business, he was compelled to remove in November last to his present establishment. The premises he now occupies are capacious enough to all external appearance, but an inspection of the interior would impress the visitor with 9, somewhat different idea ; for although they are three stories in height, and although every available foot of space is economized, they are scarcely found sufficient for the purposes of Mr. McOarvey's trade. The store is 9"^ feet by 60, and is owned by Mr. McGarvey. The premises are. divided in two by a brick wall, but communication is provided for by means of folding doors. The first flat on the right hand side is used as a show- room. The furniture here on exhibition is of a beautiful description ; and is remarkable alike for the ta£ite of the workmanship and the excellence of the material em- plbyed. Although Mr. McGarvey sells furniture at the lowest possible prices, he turns out articles finished in all respects, in a manner equal to the best in the city. He does a large trade in wood and cane-bottomed chairs, which seem to be in favor everywhere' From the first flat to the ^hird, the store, on tbe right hand side, is used for the purpose cf displaying the goods manufactured. The second flat contains a great variety of chamber sets of the best description. There are some fine specimens of marble-top tables, and also of sofaii, aiade in the best posssible manner, highly finished, luxurious and attractive. The price of the chamber sets varies from the sum of $18 to $200- the sideboards may be found to vary in mucl^the same pro- 'f^Q ^ r i ' ^ 190 -»-^^© BUSINESS SKETCHES i portion. The third flat contains a very fine display of upholstery. The first flat, on the left hand side, is used as a store and packing room ; immediately behind is the work- shop, which runs up to the third story of the buildin^r. The Workmen employed consist of cabinetmakers, varnishers, upholsterers, carvers, etc. In the article of chairs, the business done by Mr. McQarvey is very extensive a greater part of the chairs are made in L'Assomption, but are only roughly put together ; how- ever, as soon as they arrive at Mr. McGarvey's manu- factory, they receive the finishing touches, and can vie with amy made elsewhere, both as regards durability and workmanship. An idea of the business in this particu- lar department of his trade may be gathered from the fact that Mr. McGarvey disposes of between 12,000 and 15,000 of these chairs during the coulrse of the year. The premises he now occupies not being extensive enough for his requirements, the proprietor intends, in Spring next, to open a new factory in Griffintown. In the store where Mr. McGarvey now conducts business, there is a spacious cellar, in which there is piled up a vast quantity of valuable inaterial— such as veneer, mahogany, etc., etc. H* disposes of a very considerable amount of veneers and mahogany to the trade. The cellar is well lighted up; and a lar^e yard in the re«r affords facilities for the removal of heavy material to the work-shops above. Mr. McGarvey began business on a limited scale, but by energy, attention, and a thorough system of manage- ment, has placed himself among the 'foremost cabinet- makers in the city. DAWSON BROTHERS, MONTREAL. It is not too much to say that, among the booksellers and publishers of Canada, none have occupied a more prominent and honorable place for the last 17 years, than the Dawson firm of Montreal. In 1847 Mr. B. Dawson «>*. %Of^ -*^g<^ 5©J€h4.. BUSINESS SKETCHES commenced bu^neas in this city ; since then the house has kept pace/ with the city's progress and prosperity. From a locaV origin, the firm of Dawson has gradually advanced id businsss and importance, till it has obtained qu/te a Provincial reputation. The firm changed in 1858 to^B. Dawson & Son; and in July, 1861, a still further change was effected by the retirement of Mr. B. Dawson, and the admission into the partnership of two more of his sons, since which the style of the firm has been " Dawson Brothers," by whom the extensive business is now carried on. Their large establishment situated on what may be called the fashionable side of Great St. James Street, No. 2?. To the Inhabitants of Montreal the store is familiar. No one can pass it without having his attention arrested by the extensive window,— which might be called a kind of '• free art gallery/' — and the number of persons seen daily admir- ing the fine paintings and engravings exposed for sale. The outer window is 16 feet long by 12 feet high, made up of only three panes of glass, each 5 feet long by 12 high. Between this and the inner window books, magf zines and works of art are set off with great taste. The Messrs.! Dawson occupy nearly the entire buildin^ex- tending" from Great St. James Street to Fortification Lane. The premises are 32 feet wide by ijn deep Entering the store from St. James Street, w^nd our- selves in an elegant, well-lighted and /admirably arranged apartanent, fitted up with four Jong walnut counters, with passages all round, took sli^lves against the walls, numerous drawers ^nd cupboards being con- structed at their base .The attra/stive counters and show-boards are covered ^ith the tostliest books ard choicest literary publications, to w^ich may be added the other noyelties aud requisites o/f the trade. Won- dering at the endless variety of thfe volumes exhibited, and admiring the multifarious tastet displayed in their binding and finish, we pass towards the rear of the shop. Mounting two steps, we are in ^e retail stationery de- •!j>@a ^ i • f III 2 192 B USINESS SKETCHES DooKs ot all kmds challenge notice. Bibles, nraver- books, medical worke, etc.. are here laid out on' shelves count'er'.';T' ^T'^Tl''' ^^^°« *^« wall and on t^e enS of the Ihnn'?''' "^ '^^ apartment. In the extreme Jese-ve «tni ^ ^' ^"^ apartment specially devoted to Soci'elv for t'hrp ^'''' .''' "^*y ^^^' ^« ^ ^J^P**' of tl^e Ao^ll J- u ""^ Pi-omotion of Christian Knowledge Ascendmg here by a flight of stairs, we ?each th^ picture gallery, which is in the second story It is a handsome, well-designed apartment, 33 fee? fong by 19 SatT^' ,'• ^'^^l'^. ^^"^ above, and>,ith walls stfined of that peculiar shade of olive-greeladopted by the So»th Kensington Commissioners for thg^ gallery. The ca^Set of dark green harmonises well wit^ fhe general annear SvTh:'w'.n'''"^- ^^T-^' *^« -^^^ Cfgrrndirmed by the walls, .arranged in the best positions for effect raphs'and oif S?°?. ^°^l««:«o- of pr'ntB, chromo ifthp.' graphs and oil paintings, exposed for sale. This gallerv may be said to form a niicleus for Canadian art, af some of the best works got up in the Province find their wav torv Z '"^^ *«*;°^«^i^ truth it is a fine arts reposY ff^'/.^ as such most valuable in the advantaees The gallery, beihg open all day, is visited by the lovers of art of our city and elsewhere. The Messrs Dawlon however, appear to make the trade in eugv^ytZs a specia ity and at all times a very large stock oK^e finest London and Continental prints is ?n hand for d i^- of neaf w'elf n ^1 "^ f' ''"' ^^^^^' ^« «"*« - -umber ot neat, well-ordered apartments. In one are stored mem>andum books, photographic alburn^ portSs mo3/'P'"' V^°^"^^°« *^« tbin descriptCs and mounted maps. In a second room ia a large^nd excd lauV'the ^Fab^^''^ ''''\^'^' ^^^ lead'^pet^lsTThe latter the "Faber" manufacture. Descending to the aUenTon' ^^^«**^,.*^« ^^ore there is much t! luract attention. In addition to the immense stock of sta- ©5>®^"" S ">«i@j . ^\ m^msssma^s^ ^igsam ^ ^ ^v ,r^ ©©{©^. S \ B U S I N E SS SKETCHES 1 T - ' . •\ 1 1 ■>. % ■ above, bouse, guous cases, and for tioners' ifiSS bcToksellers' goods noticed elsewhere, we are apjprised by the extensive display of paper of all kinds arrd sizes ibat we have reached the wholesale stationery department. Besides, reams of paper, tb^re are piles j>f blank bopks. etc., etc. In another com- partment is found a fine display of folio papers, drawing papers, mounting boards, apnd so forth. In one^part of the extensive underground premises is a large stock of cheap publications, a reserved ^orck of so!lit)ol-books ; also a reserved stock of"" |fichors monthly. FVom their esta"blishment also issued " Archaia,!' of which Principal Dawson, McGill College, is ^^^tithor. This firm has also the issuiag of ^e publicatiot^^-tbe Geological Survey of Canada, the chief of which is the Report of Progress from the Commencement to 1 8^3 ; illustrated by 498 wood-cuts ; one voluipe^ large octavo, pp. 1011 I price $5. This magnificent work ha,s been laid before Parliament, has received the commendations of our legislotors, the press, and. the educated public. It is thus spoken of by the London Saturday Review 'V ti.\ msmMtmammmsiMi^ ^ ^i^,H^ — "^^ iiii' I uri iliiiiiiiriiiiniliiliiilf il iT l'TTrmti^lffi ifTi' " niiiiniTTrl I • I i/^- m: hi > rs § 194 A»i BUSINESS SKETCHE*. %- --^flS^© " The style ia whicu the work hag been got up, the pre- cision of the drawing and the accuracy of the wood-cuts may almoat" challenge comparison with the execution of similar productions on this side of the Atlantic." The following works are also from the house of Messrs Dawson :— . ' Figures and Descriptions of Canadian Organic Remaini •'^ large 8vp. Four Decades. Each Decade oontainltelir full page lithographs, executed in the very best style^ besides many wogMd-cuts. Bach page of lithograph has from 12 to 20 separate figures. Each decade is complete in itself. *- The Air-Breathers of the Goal Period; a descriptive account of the remains of Land Animals found in the qoal Formation of NoVa Scotia, with remarks on their bearing on Theories of the Formation of Coal and of the Origin' of Species. Acadian (Geology ^^ account of the Geological Ftruc- ture and MinerarResources of Nova Scotia and per- tions of the neighboring Provinces, 12mo, pp. 458 • with, a supplementary chapter, illustrated, by- many wood-engravings, and a colored Geological Map. The Messrs. Dawson, besides keeping on hand a good stock of standard text-books, works on science and every subject, obtain all new publications of merit as soon as issued from the English, Americauxand French presses. They also supply all the literary ajbd scientific reviews published on this or th^e European Oontinent The Messrs. Dawson have also pubyB|||k^||fapChromo- lithographs, printe(y|y Day & Son ofl S^Babf Cana31 ** diaa river scenery ; aSi Autumn crogsjjSfflpBBpaurice'^^^ and a Winter crossing the St. La?^r?^ aTQuebec' After paintings bv Chag. J. Wky, a young and moat promising artist, for a long time resident in Canada. Oanftdian scenery is thus, for the first time, represented '"4hese chromos in the same attractive style in which " -""tingfl of Turner, Rowbothara, Harding and other English artists have been reproduced. ^ ' ># L «R@fS e- its of •s 8J^ %■■*• T; €*^, k )h is re le ir of B- r- > '; ly id id IS h ic ■ I* * "I It I. d h ir k L e^© -^ % • \ .0 \ / '^^Q^o—^ BUSINESS SKETCHES 195 S PJANOFORTES— GOULD & HH.L. In the lower part of the buildingin "Great ^^ames Street, known as Nordheimer's Hall, Messrs Oould k Hill carry on the Pianoforte and Music business formerly conducted by Messrs A. & S. Nordheimer. Before the latter gentlemen were known in Montreal, Mr.. Hill was. ' engaged as .agent for the celebrated Jonas Ohi§kering. Aftewardp Messrs. Nordheimer secured the services of Mr. Hill as general manager to the business ; an* when, in March last, they retired, the business, good- will, and best wishes of the old firm passed into the hand^ of the present proprietors,, Messrs Gould & Hill. ' . > The premises, which were constructed solely for the Pianoforte and Music business by \he Messrs. Nordheimer, are elegant, spacious, and attractive, and surpass in every respect any warerooms in Montreal, or Canada, devoted to the same purpose. The front part is occupied as the saleroom for a large and comprehensive catalogue of sheet and book music, comprising the chief publications of the best houses in Europe and America ; the rear for the warerooms and exhibition of New York and Boston Pianofortes, and Cabinet Organs. Messrs. Gould & Hill's stock represents the three most celebrated Pianoforte makers on this Continent, Steinway,^Ohickering, and Dunham—and they do not hesitate to claim ior the instruments they offer for sale a superiority to those* of any other Establishment in Lower Canada. In doing this they bj^t echo the sentimentp-and opinioij!^ of the musi^l community and profession, b©th at home and abroad.^ It seems altnost superfluous to call attention to the merits of makers like Stein way and Chiekering, whose reputations are so long tstablished and so univer- sally known and admitted. In order, however, to show how foreign as well as American critics regard these productions of art and science, we adduce a few of the ma ly opinions expressed by the most competent judgfti -in the musical world. Says the London Ulusirated News of the lForW(speak- Si*y»^ % P fl ^ ^^^^^ej f v^; Vf y 1 1 It " I'' 't 1 ¥ 196 BU 8-4 NESS SKETCH ^J^0^0 Without the ^btesripploa'ch 'r„°£UtsT" -™"' rrlf°a7s?XVA:«f2^^^^^^^^ I hare been ahlo .„ ;„j ''"'"'"°' <>• their excellence. , fhe'°exte^rn, .hlrn'fo'r.r St;;reS^r'''^ ="''"^' combioed in thi, piano, ., ii no oTh^'p an'o ^','^1^ The London Correspondent of ibe P,ir,;i'„„7,; T , ■' c 'p°ar°or;r "'"■ "■» '°'"-'^-? kS « ri' tbi year To a Ei,r^'„"r T"."^"""^ <>'"= ■"" '»'o»g tone, and also interest hv V^nVl • "^ • ^""' ^°""^ invention The bft«« tt!- ^ f 'ngemoua mechanicil nf n r ^^ ®^'^'"'?^ ^° ^''em are overstronff ftn,1 Of nil the Diimeroua immovemenffl <« k^ V ?^' V"^ Kxhibition. iitelnwnvTyZilT ^® '^""'"'^ '" ^''^ jj>i^^ G I I % ' % ... h .. '1 ter- , f aed 1 ia!, ; 1 of 3Ut If; ley ' ' \ nd 4 er, "?■ ©©J^^ % BUSINESS SKETCHES 197 S in it. It is, therefore, not at all surpriaing that their factory has become the greatest pianoforte eatabllsh- ment of the kind in AmericlS." Nor does the house of Ohickering & Sons lack for testimoniaaa of an equally high order, given after the most careful and scrutinizing examination of the instru- ments manufactured by them. The beauty and elegance of the ca?es, the light, free and airy appearance of the iron frame and other parts of the interior arrangements of Ohickering and Son's Fianos, naturally prepare one for the clear, sweet singing tone, so well remembered by all who have ever heard these instruments. Said Tbalberg, one of the greatest living pianists :— «' The instruments are the beat I have ever seen in the United States, and will compare favourably with any I. have ever known." At another time he writes :— " I consider the Ohickering & Sons' pianos far beyond comparison the best I have ever seerf in, America." Qustav Salter, also, another eminent pianist, writes :--'« ¥ot volume and pnrc quality or tone\ with fiicety of articulation, your pianos are unequalled " L. M. Gottschalk, the celebrated pianist and composer expresses himself thus heartily and artistically on the merits of these instruments : "The problem which, for more than half a century, the great European manufacturers have, been proposing to themselves, may be reduced to this :— ■« How to obtain the greatest pouibU volume of tone without, alterinsr its c/larms, and at the same time to preserve i(s dearneta anahomogemhj through all the txtent of the key-board. 1 hese ditfereut qualities seem to exclude each other Jjor instance, one instrument charming in a parlor would become thin and powerless in a large concert hall • apother only owed its force to the acuteness of its tone or to a confused vibration produced by too great length of string You alone, iMessrs OHiCKiRiMo & Sows, have I succeeded, as I fully believe, in combining the different ^ elements which have so long been sought after, in a ^ , i t 198 BUSINESS SKETCHES manner which will henceforth make our modern piano, the most complete of instrumeuta. "Harmonious roundness of tone, force in the base notes, limi^ity to the upper notes, equality throughout all the registers, singing quality iu the middle tones, and, above all, an astonishing prolonaalion of sound, without its becoming confused, were signs of an artistic progress which I at once discerned on playing the hew instru- ments for the first time. Soon after, when I had been obliged to transport your piano several hnndred miles by railroad, and play upon them without the time have them retuned, I was still more surpri-ed at th^ t^.^ 8 Jidity of their construction by fiading them in ^a^^tr^ feet tune aa when they started. Further-more, wlieti giving concerts unaa3idtcd,and playing fifteen or eighteen pieces in succession, I have been capable of appreciatinjr, by the comparatively trilling fatigue which I experienced' the precision and promptnesR of action which charac- terize your instruments." It would be an easy matter to multiply testimonials to the great beauty and charm of th^ Cbickering i'lano ; but we have ({uoted enough alreaiiy, and //-om the very highest snurcex, to show that whoever possesses a Stc'n- way or Chickeriuj; instrument has something to value as well as to afloVd them satisfaction. 80 much space lias bren devoted to the Sleinw.'iy »nd Ohickering Pianos, that we can only say of Dunham that, next to the two unrivalled New York and Boston firms, his instruments rank higher, both at home and abroad, than those of any other American maker. The buHiness of Dunham was establishi-d even prior to that of Chickering, and has worked its way up to an enviable position, while thousands of others have risen and fal- len again into their original obscurity. , We have now only to say, that with the repu-.a-ion these three makers possfes, and ih- nii|tnrtiinc.' it is to them to retain it, a purchaser of one of their inUrurueihis has every guarantee that could possibly bo desired. ij;y#^ « « no BUSINESS SKETCHES Messrs Gould & Hill, in addition to a splendid assort" ment of these famous pianos, keep constantly on hand a large supply of cheaper and less widely known instru- ments, mostly for purposes of hire, and which ^ill enable those who dosire a piano lor a ehort time, only, to gratify their wishes, at an exceedingly moderate cost^. They are also agents for Mason ^ Hamlin^ Cabinet Organs, which are now becoming so universally used throughout Canada and the United States. These organs are designed to take the place of the melodeon with those , who do not care to go to the expense of a piano, and are consequently made in an improved manner, and with a variety of resources altogether unknown to the latter instrument. \ The tone is fuller, richer, and more organ-like, while the case is handsome and attractive, and an ornament to any drawing-room. The Icrger sized ones,— intended for Church use, or for organ music of a more .advanced kind than the Psalmody of the Home Circle, — are manufactured with from six to twelve stops and pedals, and range in price from $200 to $500. A more beautiful accompRnimrUt to the voice thtin theee organs it is difficult to imagine. ** Messrs. Gould k Hill design to give their customers the Cull advivntape of the present difference of exchange bet wen Canada aiid the United States, and will sell nil i their instruments at the manufacturer:! p)rice8, with the himplo addition < f fi eight and duty. These truly liberal terms will enable parties desirous of purchasing, to pro- cure a piano for fully one third lees than former prices, i a consideration which ought and no doubt will receive the iitt'-ntion of int-inding purchasers. WINES, SPIRITS AND SEGARS. l)4(!i)n, Clarke k Go. — The premises of this firm (long and f.vouriihly known as I'elcr Clarke k Co.,) are situate iu St. I'eier Street, opposite the end of St. Sacrament Street, which is the centre of the wholesale miirkBt. The building — contaiuing offices, warehou.'^e. V ' ! ! t r>. W 2 200 The buBinefls of Bacon. Clark & Co., was begun in i 1858 since which time it has steadly, and we might add rapidly increased, being at present considered onVof the : first houses m Canada, in the wholesale wine and spirit i iti'y:^:v^'^\'it''^'''' *° ^^« business eS. ; community "" '°^ ''" discernment of the trading . It is unnecessary to inform our city readers that thev cannot procure purer or richer wine or better splits at any other house, for to them the fact is patent, butTuch of those living in the country, who only know the firm by ' b rs are practically acquainted with the business nur- chase their goods direct from the planters and mTnnfac" turers, thus saving all intermediate profits, and thi^counled with a large business career, is the best guarantee which any house seeking public confidence can ofl-er. STEAM SOAP, CANDLE & OIL MANUFACTORY. The premises of Messrs. J. Mathewson & Son, ^tuated on Inspector, College and William Streefs, aie^ry el fena.ve, and present every facility for carrying on a Yar^e ATsH"to%hrea-'r'"^? P^^^^P^' cLdfesandofs" A Msit to the establishment is one that amply renavs curiosity, and, at the same time, conveys a considerable amount of useful information. On pasLrth^otTthe office wb.ch 18 vaulted and fire-proof, the yard i« en'tere and hen fouj^buildings present themselvLovewT ; build.ngg are ivsed and arranged as follows :-No Is Ho'ufe" iTVk^.:- \'\ ^^^y^ ^°-«i No. 3,"Biii;^ larce tlank^ for rlf • ^^,b"•'^^nff No. 1, there are two mlfrnmLrd ^n^ '"^ '"^- V"^ Process of preparing ste.rfn^ aid' in «°T'-^'"g the latter into material fo? , ste.rme and adamantine radios, is a very interesting \ \ 4 ®®S&4- BUSINESS SKETCHES 201 one. First of all, the lard is clarifltd, by steam, then kept for a few days in order to allow it time to granu- late. ^fteMhis it is brought up to the press-room, the presses bein^ fix6d in dose proximity to a long and deep iron trough. The lard is then wrapped up in a cloth which i3 folded square. A number of these cloths, with a plate of sheet iron between each, are placed within the press, until it is filled. The machine is then screwed slowly down, and the oil being forced out, into the trough already mentioned, is thence pumped into the refinery. These presses are called cold presses, their use being the production of oil. In a small room contiguous to this one, IS a press called a hot press, the business of which is the preparation of steaYlne for the manufacture of candles. After the lard has left the cold press, it is brought to the hot one, which is situated in an apartitient heated to a very high temperature. This press wOrks the same .as the others, and the lard is .put in Justin the same way. When every thing is in readiness, the press which has a power of no less than 500 tons, is, by means of a series of cog-wheels, lowered gradually down, and the immense weight presses everr drop of oil out of the lard,, and converts the latter into a hard white semi- transparent substance, which is used in making steariae and adamantine candles. In a third room upon this same ftat, th«re are four oil cisterns, where the lard when not intended to be used as stearine, is manufactured in oil ; the- process is carried on by means of steam. There is ^»lso.in this room an ingenious contrivance for speedily femptying of their contents, barrels filled with such tena- cious substances as pnlm-oil. Tl^o cask, with the head off, >3 placed beside a shallow trough on the floor and a steam pipe conducted to the contents, the gteam is then turned on, and in five minutes it is empty, the contents having disappeared through the trough above mentioned, and bepn conducted to a reservoir in a lower story. There are also in this room two very large steam boilers, used "in making soap, of which more anon. In ^ confiection with the oil house, it may be well to mention (| that in the cooperage room, which 'is at the bottom of j€^'<^'«' I / 2 202 BUSINESS SKETCHES .JMK^^ this building there is an apparatus, the only one in the countrj, for" the measurement of oil. Themachine con- sists of a cylinder, which, as well as a glass tube, that runs up the outside, thermometer fashion, is hermetically sealed at the top. The oil to be measured descends from Uie refinery above, and as it fills the cylinder, the glass tube indicates to a fractional degree the amount of fluid that has entered. The building known as No. 2, is used as a^pap house. The leach house is situated on the first floor where lye, used in the manufacture of soap, Is pre- pared. J his lye is made by infusing warm water with ooda ash;, and the lye descends into reservoirs below the Hoors whence it is pumped up iuto the soap pans in the second story whenever required. The soap kettles are situated on the second story, and are very large and c^^acious ; one of them being no less-than 14 feet in depth, 1. feet wide across the top, and capable of turning out at one boiling no fewer than 517 boxes, each box weighing 04 pounds. Ihore are six vats on this story, all of them being boiled by steam. Close to this room is soap-loft 1 ., , ^i^ ^^^y extensive apartment, being W feet hniL"f ' ^^ ^*^ '," ^''^^'^- W'^^" '^^ ^o«P l^a« been .Z.rJ7^ enough-a pj-ocess which occupies sometimes ^7nT L ?^'' ^ ";^'' ^"^'' "■ ^eok,-it is brought in a 1 md state ui buckets to this loft. A number of frames, uhich, on.tne inside, are lined' with zinc, and ai'e pQt together in pieces, having boon previously erected, the soap is emptied iii until thpy are filled. The length of a bar of soap IS the exact breadth of one of these frames. When cooled and properly solidified, the frame is removed, and tiie soap, after being cut into proper thipkness by means Of wires, IS boxed and stored away reitdy for tnarkct. ihere is again a soap loft, known hs No. 2, and of the same si/e as No. 1 ; this room is applied to the snme pur- poses as th^ other, but is used for the better kind of soap. On the same story with the two lofts, is what is called the cherrncal-room where the various preparations used m the business hre kept in readiness. And in the imme- diHtovicinuv of this roomfReio is a hoisting machine whieh hy ingenious mechanism lifts and lowers v'eights y . y i 'MMkk ^.,-.i.:'^ y !^^ BUSINESS SKETCHES 203- I of any heavinessj such as boxes of soap, barrels of ashes, etc On the first, floor ol" the building, No. 4, is the candle manufactory, a very importantxbranch of Messrs. MijRthewson's business. When entering, the eye is first attracted by a large boiler on the left contjiining the melted tallow ; this boilec holds about two thousand gal- lons. The tallow is kept melted by means of steam. There are twenty-eight cq,ndle machines in this shop; ^ thesff machines are placed on two large moveable circular platforms. Directly under the floor there is all ice-house, used for the purpose of cooling the candles, which pur- pose is effected in the following manner : After the tallow has been poured into the moulds, the circular platform is moved in such a position that on a number of trap-doors in the floor being opened, the cold air from the ice-house rushes up from below, and passing through the interstices in the candle machines cools the tallow gradually and surely. These machines are nne(iualled for the rapidity and eflectiveness with which they per- form their work; and everything about them botokens the progress of modern improvement in labour-saving inventions, for with these machines at his comraa!id, one man can now do the work of fourteen or fifteen. Below this same building, No. 4, are- three fire-proof vaults, leading into College Street. Under these vaults are cellars tbr storage. The boiler house, forge, etc., occupy build- ing No. ;{. As has been stated already, the boiling of soap, and the melting of tallow, is done by means of steam. The steam is conveyed by pipes from the boiler to the soap pans ; some of these hav*e double bottoms, others have pipes at the bottom arranged in the form ot the worm of a still; mi both ways the steam effects its object almost instantaneously. Messrs. Mathewson & Son have obtained nine diplomas from Provincial exhibition.^ foi- the excellence of their manufactures; and in ]H'}\ they secured' a medal at the World's Fair in London. *It only remains to say, in conclusion, that the facilities possessed in the shape of mechanical ald& and skilf 1 workmci;!, are nnsurpassed any where in British North Amtnca. ^^^^ § 204 BUSINESS SKETCHES. Si PRINTERS, BOOKSELLERS, PUBLISHERS, BINDERS, ETC. MIDDLETON & DAWSON, QUEBEC fh? dfS!? "^^^ compose the firm may be regarded as ed,t,«„a pablirt the Quebec G»««i^^r iS»/„rIr The' Known m the political annals of the Province ThlA gentlemen also carry on the stationery "adbocksT Hof MrT-f' "'"='' ™ '"'Pooded (rom the demle of 5.9^ £L{s^^r rz,tf ira^c'z ^«-H'nri-:£ a^^^tiz;- S ; with the most approved plant and machinerrfcy wh ch :&;- zrorrmaSe-L^irt,' : St .Uernat,'^^^„ l\:,'TL'^t,rZ\'-'^l- 7^. .\ BUSINESS SKETCHES 205 as^ Gazette was published by Messrs Brown and Gilmour, who brought their type and presses from Philadelphia.' Ihe paper flourish.ed, in eve.y respect, and in 1790 be- came the property of Mr Samuel Neilson, who also performed the duties of editor, and was successor to his uncle, Mr. W. Brown, one of the founders of the Gazette This gentleman died in 1793, and Mr. John Neilson, his brother, beinsT then a minor, the publication of the paper was conducted by the late Rev. Dr. Sparks, his Guar- dian, until 179G, when Mr. Neilson having attained his majority assumed control. The journal, under his management, continued to prosper and to exercise a strong influence on public measures of every kind. In 1848, Hon. Mr. Neilson died, and, as has been stated above, the Gazette passed into the hands of Mr. Middle- ton, one of the present proprietors. The Quebec Gazette of 17G4, has a very different appearance from the Gazette of to-day. But in the space that intervenes how mighty are the c^Jiangea that have taken place not alone over the broad earth, but in Canada, then regarded as a •' few acres of snow," now looked upon as a great and growing govereignty. The Gazette has been the chronicler ofevery phase of progress, social and political, through which the country has passed. As the pioneer in Canadian journalism, the Gazette has done iis part worthily and well, and after the lapse of a century dis- plays that vitality which is the token of a long career of prosperity and usefulness. RUSSELI^ HOTEL-ST. LOUIS HOTEL, ^\^QUEBEC. All those who have had occasion to visit the ancient capital, either for the purpose of business or of pleasure, will call to mind pleasing recollections of the good cheer which has always been the characteristic of Russell's Hotel, Quebec. This establishment, which is situated *-^iQff, '^ ■ .?,■ 2 206 .-• _ _.M^^ BUSINESS .SKETCHES i in Palace Street, and conducted by Mr. W. Russell & Son proprietors is a Hotel where the traveller or the touriTi Z« ««f.'»^"^3r effect one thing-namely. to fin^, for the time being, the comfoha experienced at home. Thl Hotel is conducted on an admirable system, and the arrangemeHta are all that could be desited. The rooms are spacious, comfortable, well ventilated, this last being a very important requisite. The furniture is of the best description. As the measures taken to proMde for -the requirements of that very urgent personage^^e '« Inner Man, ' nothing could be better. The kitchi^as ^verv gaest who has been in this Hotel can bear-witness-^a rZtl Tr^'"'^ with everything a conoiSr could r.T.?' ul ^'T ^°^ "^"'"" ^^« °f 'b« best quality • m fact, all the adjuncts of a first-rate dinner table will be always found at hand. The attendance, too 'i t^TfV' *° M '^l "^""''r' ^^'^'^^^y acquainted with their dutieg Mr. Russell & Software neither exertion nor expense to make their guestiferl comfortable as p^^^^^^ sible The St Louis Hotgl. (fomerlj. the Clarendon) in St. Lewis Street, Upper Town, of which Mr. Russe 1 LlTi^, *., ° \' Proprietors, come under the observa- tions that have been made above with, regard to the Hotel in rPalace Street. It only remains to be sai^^ that thoso who have occasion to visit Quebec will bring away v»ith them fe^ more pleasing recollections than those associated with a residence in either of the two' Hotels in question. We have almost forgotten to add that. as. tag^. The St. Louis Hotel is within t^vo or three minutes' liasy walk of the "Terrace," the fashionable promenade ia Quebec, and frequented at all hours by the elite of the city. It is conceded by thcs. hcst qualified o pronounce an opinion, that nowhere on ihe con- I tiuent of Nor h America, is there snch a magnificent view as can be obtained from the Terrace at Quebeu^ ' Ihe Russell House is situated in immediate proximity ib ! John Str-et, the principal business thoroughfare of ^e ' ^(«)^Hr \ ■TNaj'^!u ""^ bnilding, and is used for I house f=,^ih.?*''<™'=™ '"*'"°»f' ««■ This Ware- ' fc^'so'-s^c^'u h":s^i^ifhZefhfpl^r''^"''" "-'■^'- i ^ ^^^^^^ «f y /<6©{©^- BUSINES8 SKETCHES 209 BRYANT, STRATTON & CO'S COMMERCIAL - COLLEGES. A branch of this institution hasi recently been opened m this city, under the immediate charge of Mr. Clark. The large rooms recently occupied by the Mercantile Library in Nordheimer's Hall have been fitted up at great expense with every requisite necessary to carry on' the business of the- College. Entering the building from Great St. Jam^s Street, and ascending a flight of com- modious stairs, the rooms are y^ached. The centre of the room is occupied by a nujfiber"of low office desks, - and a number of high ones run along one side. Each desk is sufficiently large to accommodate several stude^ts." Each student on, entering the college is located at one of these desks, -provided with a drawer having lock and key, of which he takes possession and keeps until he has finished his course of study. The night students are provided with separate and different drawers, from the day ones. These desks are not at all 8«nil;ar to those usually seen in educational establishments, but are such as are used in merchants' offices. On aniJther side of the room is a long range of counters, divided into ' several apartments or oflSces,— such as Post Office, Telegraph Office, Transportation Office, Insurance Office, Bank, &c. At the end of the room are correspond- ing counters and offices, to represent two dislinct cities, so that transactions may be Carried on as real as if they were done in any of (Mir mercantile houses. The Post Office is fitted up with every convenience for receiv- ing and despatching letters. The Telegraph Office is provided with the very best apparatus, and is arranged to communicate with four different parts of the room- representing four different parts of the country. The system of telegraphing taught is by abund, and if a student does not become expert in telegraphing with an' apparatus so complete and one of the best operators as instructors, fh« fault must be his own. The Bankr are & fitted up with every convenience ; here is a place for the 1 _,^g>y.Zizzzrz::3 — — - — ^ ^ j / --.>^:'- ' tb-' //Pi^ t, ■"■ 1 { :'•: vkb' '(' ,.'. .k. : t. JHSfi^^ ^ I BUSINESS SKETCHES paying tdller, one fof the receiving teller, one for dis- count clerk, one for the cashier, one for the book-keeper and so on. The banking business is done in the College with all the appliances used in regular banks, bills, checks, drafts, coin, &c, are all provided, so that nothing 18 wanting to put a student through the regular routine QJ banking and enable the joung merchant to transact all the banking business whfch arises oiit of the various transactions he is p«t through .in the establishment, ihe transportation offices are used for receiving and shipping goods, and as much care is taken in giving and receiving bills of lading, paying freight, Ac.; as If the trading were between England and Canada, ihe insurance office is used to insure all kinds of pro- perty, whether on hand or shipped. Besides those appli- ances, there are many others that might be described but . lor want of space. Sufficient has been said to give some idea of an estab- lishment which no one can visit without being impressed with Its value to the city. We are certain that no mer- chant can visit the College and have explained to him the course students go through, without attaching the, greatest importance to a young man's possessing one of the College Diplomas. Some of the shrewdest and best business men in the United States owe their position to the training received at one or other of Bryant & Strai- ten s Colleges; and 80 well is it understood tbere that the sharpest and most intelligent boys are turned out of ttwse institutions, that merchants in want of young men, immediately apply to the managers to supply « • . ?^® establishment here is furnished with a Btaff of the very best teachers in the various branqhes, text books of the most approved character; and the appearance of the whole place is that of an immense mercantile establishment in wbifih every , conceivable branch of business is carried on, with the most thorough discipline. We ought to state that any young man possessing a fair knowledge of the ordinary English ao^^^- -^^....^^-^.^^.^-1',-S^, '. V,„f.1t«^ ?&Q®^^ BUSINESS SKETCHES branches of education is qaalified to enter the College as a student, and that a certificate of echolarsbip ob- tained here is good iq all the chain of Colleges, aumbering some thirty, situated in different parts of the United States and Canada. THE GRAND TRUNK BUILDINGS, POINT ST. i , CHARLES. In the future, wben the historian is called upon to recount the wonderful progress of this Colony, be will be forced to interweave, in his narrative, as intimately connected with the fortunesand prosperity of the Pro- vince, an apt and ample account of the Grand Trunk Railv^ay of Canada. At the present time, such a task would be an imposeibility ; for th« Province has not yet attained to tbe full measure of it greatness, nor has the Grand Trunk, so powerful an agent hitherto, in tbe development of tbe resources of tbe Colony, reaped the success to wbich it is honestly and honourably entitled. The great national highway has had to con- tend with a thousand obstacles, and tbe greatest of them it has bravely overcome. In the whole bistory of railways, from tbe days of Stephenson the elder, to the days of Stephenson tbe younger, no engineer ever con- tended with such an impediment to unbroken commu- nication as was presented by tbe river St. Lawrence. Here was a river almost two miles in breadth, of great depth, and flowing with a rapid and powerful current. A river, on wbich, in the montbs of winter, tbe storms beat with Arctic violence, obscuring tbe air with clouds of drifting snow. A river, wbere tbe ice from above, forced upwards again by tbe ice from below, piled itself up into minature mountains, displaying such a spec- tacle as one might think sbould only be preientsd on tbe tempestuous ibores of tbe North Sea. A river which, as tbe spring thaw sets in, then twenty feet ' above its summer level, flung immense masses of ice X wms mmmmmm<^.m>^.^..^^^mmmMM^.^.m^^ H ; 1 in : rlA^-?&^ BUSINESS SKET C H E l- over the wharves of the city, wrenching out the mas- . Bive granite blocks of the revetment wall as if they were : rotten wood. This was the river over which an iron bridge had to be constructed, before the Grand Trunk Railway could carry out the intentious of those who originated it. How the work was done the whole world knows. . The Victoria Bridge has made the name of Canada famous. And it stands forth as a monument of her enterprise, and as a work of art has been pro- nounced, and has been proved to be perfect. In winter Its piers have had to bear such a strain, that the only parallel to be found is the sea pressing against the dykes of Holland. But notwithstanding all this, not a stone has been shaken, and the stupendous structure promises to rival, in strength and immobility, the ryramids of Egypt. This bridge, then, one of the most trying physical obstacles which has tested the art and nationce of the tngineer in modern times, perfects the purposes for I which the railway was constructed. It is a highwa^to the neighbouring States; it provides the Province With a sea-port when winter has locked up the St. Law- rence ; and, passing over it, the traveller from the far West 13 conveyed, without an interruption, as far east- ward as Riviere du Loup, where he is almost within hearing of the sound of the waves of the('gulf. We have alluded to the Victoria Bridge in particu- lar, because it may be said to symbolize the vast mechanical skill, energy^and resources of the Grand Trunk. An idea of those resources may, perhaps, bo gathered from what will be found below. It may be stated here that it ia not the intention of this flirticle to travel below that boundary* Most of our rcpders have ^o liking for tigurfs and statistics, or fur that iuforma- tion which^ though vnluable in itself, is known under the appellation of "dry." With such in+wmation we have no desire to trouble tht&i. Our' main object is to lay belore the public certain facts not generally known, =J^^tL 6=^@5g= I m -^^"^^^^ ?,6€>;5M- I' BUSINESS SKETCHES 213 '" respecting tlje Grand Trunk Company at Point St. Charles. To show, in a brief and unpretending way, how the enormous rolling stock is made and repaired ; how various are the appliances used for this purpose ; how systematically everything is carried on; how economically everything is managed ; how many branches of mechanical Industry are required — in a word, to show how the great national railway conducts a department of the very highest importance, both as to the success ftnd eflQciency of t^e railway itself. There are not a few places on this continent, rejoicing in the appellation of "cities," which cover an area less than that occupied by the Grand Trunk buildings at Point St. Charles. As the stranger approaches, the first thing that attracts his attention is a series of rails run- ning out into the fields a considerable distance from the entrance to the depot. They also lead across the Lachine Canal, and enable cars, laden with grain Tronk the west, to deposit their freight at the doors of the Hofi. John Young's stores, which are situated nearly half a mile from the depot proper. Before arriving at the depfjt, the visitor perceives three immense sheds, to his right; these run parallel with each other, and at right angles with the dep6t,— These sheds, although their capacity lor storage is enormous, are insufficient for the accommodation of the freight which reaches Point St. Charles day by day, and it is only by judicious management, and the utmost economizing of space, that they are enabled to subserve the purposes for which they were erected. The dep6t, itself, runs parallel with the Victoria Bridge. It is built of brick, and is a long and very commodious structure. It con- tains the ticket office, ladies' and gentlemen's waiting rooms, refreshment ^raloon, offices for the employ6s of the Company, etc. Qn the outside of the dep6t there if a sUiT'Oase, leading to a bridge, and this bridge, which is a considerable height above the railway track, con- ducts to the Manager's Office, and to all the offioef i!^!g>!»« - V^ ■I jffrf^^^ ^. ^,^,,^^,,,.^,,^. . . „ ■ -.^^ ,„„v,.,,:,..ijfra.^aa.,,^— ai.^.. — ^....^,..^,aam£ioJ^a in* 'T^ .' * <\ § 214 J^iZ^ BUSINESS SKSTCHES formerly located in the city in Great St. James Street' To stand upon the centre, or highest part of the bridge* is to experience a norel sensation. The spectator' turning to his right, sees* an endless line of cars, on six or seven different lines of rails, and lie begins to wonder how tb^ locomotive, which he hears approach- ing in the distance, will ever be able to thread its way through this seemingly interrolved array of carriages. But a few minutes will convince him that there exists order, in what we would call confusion. The locomo- tive i'Qshes round^ a curve, and passes below where he stands, and as he throws a moment's glance into the black vortex of the funnel, and hears the impatient hissing of the escaping steam, he draws back with an involuntary shudder, until the monster has passed dn yards ahead. Still, looking again to his right, the spectator sees buildingv after buildng — a mass of struc- tures, the position of which, without the aid of a dia- gram, it would be exceedingly difficult tp make him or the reader oomprefhend. Turning to the left,an iuter^st- ing view presents itself. A web-like series of rails — rails running straight and in curves, and crossing other like net-work, extend tp the, first tube of the Victoria Bridge, where they disappear in the deep darkness. — Then there flows the St. Lawrence, broad, bright, impetuous and calm withal,— -the calmness of power and the placidity of resistlessnesB. And in the distance there are the modntains and the green fields — natuie face to face with the gretttest triutpph of art, the art that'overoame her river, a river one of the most uncon- trollable. Standing, then, upon this wooden bridge, the spectator sees much, but if he would realize fully the extent of the resources of the Grand Trunk, as re- gards mechanical power, he must give up gazing at the St. Lawrence and svirrounding cbjects, and descend with us to places where he wm' hear the crashing of machinery, see the flashing, of furnaces, and witness X bow steam can *ot as auxiliary to human labour. i L ^y 1^ i ^©»^ i -^ BUSlNIflS SKITCHKS. 215 § Let us first visit the shop in which the cars are built and repaired. The place contains six tracks, and is so long that it can accomodate twelve cars on each track, or seventy-two in all. It is constantly filled with cars undergoing repair, and new ones m course of construction. The economy with which the work is carried on in this department, is somewhat astonish- ing We were shown several trucks in course of con- struction, made of the beat material, strongly and firmly put together, the cost of whose workmanship was only one dollar and ^a half. Here we saw many of ^ the oars of the old Atlarttio and St. Lawrence Railway being traMformed into break vans. The «xpedition with which the work is carried on speaks well for the energy disolayed in the management of the department. For instance, we were shown five cars for emigrants, the period between the laying of the first plank and the turning out of the car fer service, not occupying over a month. These cars are a great improvement upon their predecessors. Each of tbem ifl provided with ten ventilators, or twice the ordinary number. It may also be noted that each car is 50 feet long, and is fur- nished with Water-closets, two at 6ach end, and also with wash rooms; in short, nothing has been spared that can add to the comfort and convenience of those for whom the cars are intended. We also witnessed gome first-class passenger cars in course of construc- tion They are unsurpassed for comfort, and as far as attractiveness and excellence of workmanship are con- cerned, are a credit to the Company and its arUficers A smoking car, built on a novel principle, and just receiving the finishing touches^ is deserving of a tew lines in the way of notice. The car is a first. c ass one and is also used for the purpose of a Post-offlce The post-office is provided wiih pigeon-holes, and Is lighted by lamps so ingeniously made as to lllnmlnate, by means of a ^fevolving reflector every one of the aper- tures in question. The post-office is also fitted up with I —'^^Ki% ,1 ! \ ? 216 -J>'«@^^ i ifsUSlMXSS SKKTCHXS. a sofa for the accommodation of thq person in charge of the mails. ^ The interior arrangements of the smoking car, are all that could be desired/ It Is covered with an elevated roof of peculiar constructioD, the inyention of }lr. Saton. In this roof there is an apparatus for the thorough ventilation of the interior, and by a simple contrivance the conductor, as he- passes through, can regulate this ventilation. . The smoking car is trans- formed' from one of the carriages formerly^ belonging to the Atlantic and St., Lawrence Railway Company ; and the facilities it affords to those who inhale the de- licious fragrance of the aristocratic cigar, and the un- pretending smoker. pipe, will be duly appreciated lay every We observed that a number of workmen were en- gaged in making trucks for sleeping cars. These trucks are constructed oa'a'new and improved principle, viz. : they are made to rest on a steel spring and India rubber combination, whereby the jolting of the cars, or, in. fact, the fast motion, is never felt by the passenger. In the cars in question, the same system of ventilation is carried out, as in the smoking car— a very important improvement, and one which cannot but conduce to the health and comfort of the inmates. We visited two of the first-class cars just abofit to be finished, and an idea of the expedition manifested in this department may be formed, when it is stated that itiree weeks suffioied for every thing e^^cept the painting. There is one feature about those n«w cars which deserves to be noticed. The roof is provided with iron rafters, encased with wood, and invisible. These iron rafters impart to the whole of the upper parV of the car such a degree of strength that, in case of being thrown off the track, they would escape being staved'in or splintered, as is too often the case with cars built on the ordinary model. We may also add that these cars are provided with three instead of two lamps, as heretofore. In fact, they seem to be bailt with a single view to comfort and safety. The L \ w^mr ■*«G^ ii mt ' BUSIN-KSS SKETCHES. 217 f L \ machinerv required for the heavier parts of cars, such rboring^ morticing, tennoniug and planing machinea fg ef the most approved description, and is kept in constant operation. • . xv • • On passing to the second story of this shop, the visi^ tofis^showa how the lighter parts of first-class cars, such aB the ca-binet and decorative work are pre- pared Here cabinet-makers, glaziers, upholsters, var- ni8he;s, are kept employed ; and here, also, all the pat- tftvTiq for the locomotive department are preparea. Before we tike leave of this department, we mus noUce a most important improvement now carried out in the balding of cars. It has been ascertained in mos cases whe?e an azle breaks-and this is a fruitful Turce o? accidents-it breaks on the inner side of^f wheel. In order to remedy or prpvideegamst this evil, The new cars have attached, on the inner side of the Ewheel a stout iron band, so that in case of the axle Inapping^ the" band would 'support it, and thus prevent the wheel falling to the ground. _ On nassinc out of this shop, the visitor enters me machiaTs'ol, car departp.nt. Here the wheels are bor«d, and made ready for being attached to the Jtxles^ The boring is not effected in the us^al ^aj-th^t is to sav the drill does not revolve, neitW does the articlp o be bored remain stationary. In this case the drill to De Dorea rcma ./ ig made to turn round rTh^boVedth'^hecl is pressed upon the axle b;hfdr!SliSe^mountingti. 150 pounds per squa^^ . ^/ch And here it may be well to state a fact not per- haps cfnerally known, namely, that the wheels of rail- wav cS«s do not'revoUe dpon the axles ; on the ' rontrary it is the axles that c^use the wheels to rotate. NotStanding, howevf?, the firmnfess with which fho wheels are'attached to tbe axlea by the poweitu pressure of the ^hydraulic machine, i tis found that thev sometimes become loose, ania then, of course, \ , mSIt be removed, and others substituted. In this | ^f©^ -^^iG^i ;,i. §* 218 ; BUSINESS SKETCHES. shop there are several ingenious machines used for pre- paring the heavier portions of cars. The whole of the machinery- is driven by two eagiii^^ (coupled;, etch of twenty-five horse power., In real- of ; the engine-house there is a large mill used for the pur- pose of sawing logs. The -entire department is managed , in such a way that there is the most equitable division ' of labour with the best results. All of the shops are i under the supervision of Mr. Wilson. Running transversely with the buildings just described, i is a capacious cut-stone structure known as the erecting shop, and sometimes spoken of as the " hospital." To * this! place the locomotives in want of repair are con- \ ^eyed, and to each there is assigned a separate pit i or "ward." The pits run along each side of the shop, ^ and number no fewer than 45 in all ; they are almost ' always full of engines, and the din arising from the , surgical operations in which the " iron horse" is forced i to submit to have his throat rivetted, his. lungs torn ' asunder piecemeal, his viscera cut, hacked and re- ' placed, is something deafening. The first thing that | attracts attention are four immense screws supported j > on beam-work, al%;it thirty feet from the ground, ffgii~+— employed for the purpose of lifting the locomotives ! bodily off their wheels. The present modus operan/ii, however, will soon be discontinued, for Mr. $aton has i ' invented "an improvement, namely, the substitution of j ' hydraulic for hand power; and there are four large ; cylinders now in course of erecti6u, which, by means ' of hydraulic force, will remove a locomotive from its I wheels without calling upon the assistance of human '. labour. Another singular machine in this shop is what is known as a ••steam-traveller," which takes a locomo- i tive from one end of the shop to the other, as easily as | a child would propel his wheel-l^rrow. There is a track from this shop into the rtmninfj^ sheds, by means I of which an engine, in winter-time, may bd taken from the latter into the former place, thereby avoiding < ^ 1: 1 the 1 ^©#^ M \ ■ 1. I ^ BUSINESS SKETCHES posure to the elements. In this shop we were shown an invention of Mr. Eaton's, which consists in a most ingenious comhination of India rubber with steel springs. The India rubber springs take the st,reBs off the steel ones, and last winter this invention was the means of saving to the Company a great deal of money. There are four new engines now in course of building in this shop, f We saw some castings— very difficult ones- made" for those engines by Rodden & Co., and were in- formed they were a credit to the ■ mechanical enterprise of Montreal. We were ^hown an improvement recently adopted in the construction of engines. This is the sub- stitution of steel cranks and axles for thoipi^ of iron. Steel tyres have also been used for wheels instead of iron, ones— they will last four times longer than those commonly in use. Wfi were shown here an ingenious machine for drilling holes in the wheels of locomotives, in order to fasten on the tires; a lathe for turning large tires and wheels ; a novel machine on which two wheels can be turned at once, etc. On leaving the erecting ehop, we enter the turning and machiiie shop. Here there would seem to be a machine for every purpose which iron can be made to serve. A planing machine, a lathe of very ingenious construction (Nasmyth's double bolt lathe); it is at- tended by a boy, who can attend to both lathes at the same time. A very powerfal hydraulic press, capable of lifting two hundred tons ; it is employed for the pur- pose of pulHng off and putting on wheels. A curious machine for drilling oblong holes, etc. Here we saw what is known as a "piston ring," of brass, and worthy of mention as showing how readily every im- provement is adopted by the Company. In the centre of the outer circumference of this ring there is a strip of metal, added for the sake of strength, and kno^n as Bablet's metal. Formerly, it was the custom to cast the ring in one solid piece, and the groove required in the outer cir(;umference had to be taken out in a lathe. ©!|ML N. / f 1 , i I f ♦ •I § 220 BUSINESS SKETCHES f But Mr. Jones, the foreman of .this department, sug- gpsted the casting shoald be made with the groove. Thia was adopted, and the result has been that a saving of brass is effected, amounting to. something like fifty per cent — a ^ery considerable item, taking into account the quantity of this metal used in the making of these piston rings. » On leaving this placa we come to the tool' dresser's shop. In former days the tool-dresser was located in the blacksmiih's shop, but men being in the machine shop, can have tools put in order without having their time wasted by being compelled to go to another part of the. buildings. Next in order come the copper-smith's shop, the brass moulders and tin-smiths. In the last named shops the lamps for the engines and cars are manufactured. We also saw in this shop a number of buckets made for the elevators at Sarnia. The whole of the machinery in these shopXia drisen by a horizontal steam engine 25 horse-power. TWigngme is furnished with a very ingenious piece of mechanism, namely, an "indicator," which shows how many revolu- tions are made in the course of an hpur. When the " In- dicator" reaches a million, which it. docs in the course of two months, it begins in the new again. The next shop entered is the grinding and file-cutting shop, where all the old files are ground down and re-cut. In this way a considerable saving of money is atHrually effected ; and we may add here that this principle of economy is further carried out in the engine-house, where the fuel is coi^osed of old slabs of wood, chips, sawdust, etc. . The whole of this important department is under the superintendence of Mr. Jones. The next part of the works we visited was that known as the boiler-making and smith's shops. The first object that attracts the attention's an apparatus I for blocking tires of any size whatever. In the boiler- N ^©se^s" -«N«&^ »^'i / '^"T^."5,'B^^^^"" %Sr^^- \-4 1 BUSINSSS SKSTCUES. 221 § m maker's shop there is a powerful punching and shearing machine^ capable of penetrating iron aa inch and a half ia thickness. There is also a machine for the bending . of iron plates of any required shape ; and plates up to an inch in thickness are bent as easily as one would manipulate a piece of paste-board We saw in course of construction an iron safe for the general offices of the Company. This safe is of huge proportions ; being no less than six feet high, aa many wide, and sixteen feet long. Tke next place of interest is the forge shop. Here there are two furnaces, and a steam hammer, (Nasmyth's) weighing 35 cwt.; there are also five forges of the largest size. Adjacent there is a steam engine which supplies the motivie power for the boiler-shop, and also for the hammer already mentioned. The shaft which communicates the motive power to' the boiler-shop, is carried a considerable distance under ground. A large and powerful fan supplies the blasts to the boiler- makers, the forge, and the black-smiths' shop. In the blacksmiths' shop there is a steam hammer weighing half a ton ; and there are also thirty fires. The smith work, for the locomotives and cars, has to be done in this shop ; and the steam hammer performs all the work which proves too heavy and serere for the strikers. All the springs are made here, and so serious is the wear and tear on these parts of locomotives and carriages, that several men are kept constantly em- ployed in making new and repairing old ones. By a peculiar arrangement, the blasts supplied to the fur- naces in which these springs are fabricated, are so regulated, that the moment the metal is withdrawn the blast ceases ; and in this way a saying of thirty per cent of fuel is effected. This department is under the superintendence of Mr; Tandy. ■ On passing out of this shop the store-room is entered. In this place one would suppose himself in a large hardware establishment, so great is the variety and -•fr^^j^ r.-^' /r 1 . if S 222 BUSINISS SKfiTCHXS. -jy^Qi^ quantity of the metals provided for the purposes of the different departments. Adjoining this building there is a supplementary store ; this store is independent of the general one, which distributes supplies for locomotiyes and cars over the whole line. The receiving shed is a capacious stone building, and unconnected with the building containing the shops of which we have just given a description. In shed No. 1, the engines come in. to be cleaned, put into thorough order, and then sent ont to take away their trains. The shed is capable of accommo- dating fourteen engines; and contains five huge water tanks, each o( which holds some two thousand gal- lons of water. The tanks in question are provided for the purpose of preventing any inconvenience that might arise from a deficiency in the supply from the city roservoirs, and experience has shown that such precautions are absolutely necessary. TLe tanks are supplied by a well 60 feet deep, and the water is taken up by double action pump^, worked by a steam engine. In the centre of the shed is a large turning table, made of wrought iron of English manufacture. Running shed No. 2 is similar in all respects to shed No. 1. Every engine, after each trip, comes in here to be examiaed>^ and a book is kept for the purpose of having the driver note down the slightest deficiency he may have observed in his engine. This book is e^fterwards • examined by the foreman, Mr. Bailey, and by him in turn is submitted to Mr. Eaton, so that keen and constant supervision is ezercifed even in the matter ot the mosW ,>Ltrifling defect. It is the duty of the foreman to examine ^very locomotive before it leaves — to see that every part X)f the machinery is in perfect order ; in fact, the Grand Trunk, we are informed, are far more strict with regard to their locomotives than is any Railway Com- pany in the British Islands. At eight o'clock P.M. a foreman comes in, who per- m> ^^ "*^^5r M -Si,, \ Wf^'' N B U 8 I M*C^ S SKXTCMKS 223 § forms, during the night, the same duties with respect to engines that Mr., Bailey does during the day. In connection with this department, we may mention that there are four coal-hurning engines on the line, although all the furnaces are so constructed as to fenable the locomotives to burn either wood or coaL The coal used in the furnaces of the lour engines abore mentioned, is Scotch and Welsh combined. This department is under the management of M. Bailey. The Grand Trunk Company amidst the multiplicity of business, a business increasing day by day, can yet find time to contribute to the intellectual enjoyment of their workmen. They are not of those who believe that a workman represents only so much bone and sinew, a mere machine out of which it is possible to exact so many hours a day, and then leave him to the sedactiond oS the pot-house until the folowing morning. The Com- pany believe that the best informed man is the best mechanic, and the Company are right. Acting up to this principle, they have established a library and reading-room, in a building on a line with the^ erecting shop already mentioned. The reading-room is well sup- plied with British, American and Canadian newspapers and periodicals. The number of scientific publications is consideiable and well selected. The library is fur- nished with several scientific appliances, such as globes, etc. There is an admirable coUeotiDn of books, some or which were presented by H. R. H. the Prince of Wales. On the walls are hung portraits of the more prominent men connected with the Grand Trunk, such as Mr. Black well, Mr. Trerithick, Mr. Brydges, Mr. Baton, etc. Two bands — a fife and drum and a brass band — meet for practice in this reading-room. We have given, or endeavored to give, the reader at home and at a distance, some idea of the extent of the Grand Trunk buildings at Point St. Charles, .of the works carried on within them, and of the various branches of mechanical industry which must be com- ML |® ilV cr i^^ aa O: \ J \ 'x.j;*' v^ ftl' 2.224 .>^K®^ BUSINESS BKETCHES f bined in order to keep up, , the eflBciency of so great a railway. But no article, however minutely written, and no matter how numerous the details, would be able to give the reader an adequate impression of the magnitude of these works, and of the unceasing vigi- lance required in every department. Two tacts, how- ^ever, may be gathered from the details we have laid before our readers — the first is that the workmen are taught the utmost carefulness ; the second is, that a systeTi of judicious economy pervades every department. Without the most careful management, it would be next to impossible so to conduct the affairs of such an extensiye corporation aa to make it do more than pay its working expenses ; and with this object in view, a more admirable system than the^ie now in operation could not be introduced. : As V(Hstated in the com- mencement of this article, the weTrare of the Provin and the Qrand Trunk are very closely connected. A such being the cas^ if must be gratifying to every Canadian to knowji^&at those who have the control of the great Provin.cial?i?ailway are equal to the exigencies of their positiooj^^' * .The foUq^jraif^gures relati^re to the business of the GM^nd Trui^K Company, may not be out of Rlaoe in this degcription^ of its principal workshops at Point St, Obarles.c '* . Tbe.n^eipts of the Grand Trunk Company ar^ now 'DerHiLfi4m five and six millions of dollars per annum, and ar^ Increasing at the present time at the rate of about 15 .per, cent. The number of men ^lemployed by the Company en their permanent staff is^obo^lt 4,500. This, of course, is exclusive of a large numbdr of per- sona temporarily employed during the summer season, which will bring up the average number of men em- ployed to not less than 5,000. The amount paid by the Compj^iny for wagt s amounts to the sutn of $1,800,0 pet inum. Bona employed by. the Grand, '■||aik Company com ^©i ii n- x: per- ' ^>q%' •»^ r^\ f 'J I ^©JSN»- •»^ (» BUSINESS" SKETCHES. 225 § prise some of the best workmen in this country ; and taking five to a family, which is the usual average, represent a population of 25,000 persons who are de- pendent for daily support upon the business of the Com- pany. These are directly WfUoyed by the Gr\nd Trunk. ^ In addition to these^ there is, of course, ♦ large number who are employed in procuring supplies for the Company. The Company consume about 130,000 cords of wood a year, which are purchased at an average cost of $2 a cord, representing an expenditure of about $260,000 a yeaf for that one item alone. ' Daring the present year the Company are parchas ing about 400,000 ties for the railway,; besides having re-rolled about 15,000 tons of rails for renewing the permanent way. The amount expended by the Com- pany for stores and other materials required, beyond rails, ties* and fuel, already spoken of, is nearly $1,200,000 a year, of which sum nearly $600,000 is spent in Montreal in purchases from the merchants of this city. These figures will give some idea of the magnitude of the Company's operations, and of their importance to Canada, and to Montreal in particular. Directly and indirectly, the Company find employ- ment for not less than 7,500 persons. These, at the same rate as already mentioned, will represent a oopu- lation of ntf«irly 40,000 souls, or nearly the population of any city of Canada, west of B^ontreal. ■7 s ^;<;;,y«ft^ G •»^^^: % K ts 226 THE s' '-^. COTTI PEOVINCIAL ASSUKANCE_ COMPANY ESTABLISHED 1825. CAPITAL, £1,000,000 STERLING-. INVESTED in CANADA, $500,000. Canada Head Office, Montreal. eOARD OF DIRECTORS. ' HONORABLE JOHN YOUNG Chairman HUGH TAYLOR, Esq., Advocate. R. D. COLLIS, Esq., Merchant. ■ HONORABLE CtiS. WILSON, M L.C. WILLIAM SACHE, Esq., Backer INSPECTOR OF ifltOENCIES. GEO. ROSS ROB*mTSON, Esq., ' -, * > 8BOIVETARY. A. DAVIDSON PARKER — n I " Vi mf^^ • 1 227 PLIJNKETT & BRADY, <* I| SURVEYORS FOR UPPER AND LOWER CANIDi FATENT RIGBT miCIM, JlHD OFFICE: 31— G-reat St. James Street— 31 [N'early oj)posite St. John Street,} ^ ' Messrs. PLUNKETT & BRADY will give their attention to the following : ENQINEBRINQ The preparation of Plans, Speoiflcationg and EBtiraatea of all kinds of Engineering work, together with personal auperin- tenaence if desired. ^ Also adnce on profewsional matters. SURVEYING Of every description in town or country. PATBNT RinHT AGBNCT. The preparation of Drawings, Specifications and Models, &c., for Parties desiring to take out Letters Patent. All information and advice on th^ aobject of Patent Bights, «kc., supplied to inventors and othara. lanA aqbncy. The purchase, sale, management and valuation of lands jf every description. K. W. Pluwkktt. James Brady. T f^. ^ma >*% "•» T^ Y*^ I f ':fl .1' I 228 THOS. RIDBELL, IMPORTER OF BRITISH MD FjREIGII PORERI WHOLESALE AND RETAIL, ^2 GREAT ST. JAMES STREET, PRO W SE & MACFARLAN E, 16> Q-reat St. James Street, DIALERS IN HOUSE FuemsmiG hiiidiiiie, STOVES, REFRIGERATORS, BATHS AND IRON BEDSTEADS. MANUFACTURERS JN TIN, TIN BALTANUEB IRON, OOFFEl 4 BRASS. HOT A.XlEt FXJIl.lVA.OES. Roofs covered with Metal, &c., &c. • *•♦ I I 1- . # ,-f I 4 - \ t A. RAMSA¥ & SON, • ; , * # IMPORXERS 0^ oils; paints Varnishes, Brushes) &o.j Rolled* Rough AND PousHKD ^lal.f 1 :§iaS ^9 ENGLISH AND GKRMAN ' GLIIZIER'S DUMONDS, ' GOLD AND SILVER LEAF, BRONZES, iC, ■ • » 21, 23 8b 25 R^ecollet Street, t- ■• it I, m A "Es IB a? .A- 230 X nr le 3 7« PROVINCIAL LIFE ASSUEANCE SOCIETY. - , 142 STRAND, LONDON, W. g. CAPITAL - • - HALF-A-MILLipiSr. \ Directors. Edmond Sheppard Stmes, Esq., Chairman. Edward H. Adams, Esq. J. Elliotson.M.D., Cantab. F.R.S Captain J. Gordon Jbrvois, R.E John Stmbs, Esq. JosHPH Thompson, Esq. Thomas West, Esq, Secretary to the Board. — Alexander Richardson, Esq. Corresponding Secretary. — AuGCSTbs Blondell, Esq. Auditors.— ?vot C. Whbatstone, Prof. J*. Radford Younq. / ____ Medical Referee-General.— Zovis^i.hioT^ov,U.\)., F.R.S., 37 Conduifc Street.^ Vonmtting Aetwiry.—W. S. B.Woolhousb, Esq., F.R.A.S., F.S.S.,&c. Assistant Actuary. — Barker ■Woolhousb, Esq. Bankers.— Messrs. Gltn, Mills A Co. Solicitors.— Qn^QOKY & Rowcliffes. Chief OflSce for Canada :--Ko, 68 St. Francois Xavior Street, "-■^ MONTREAL. ALEXANDER MOIiSON. Esq., General Agent. Local Board at Montreal. . Benjamin Holmes, Esq., Chaii man. Theodore Hart, Esq. | William Sachb, Esq. Bankers. -imu LSONS Bank. Medical Beferees in Montreal. Wm. Sutherland, Esq., M.D. | J. IL rELTiEB, Esq., Edin. AGENCIES IN ALL THE PRINCIPAL PLACES ^N CANADA. f'^i^i^^;^ mmm 231 P. D. BEO WNB, anker & €xt^M^t '§roker, No. 6 GREAT ST. JAMES STREET. Opposite La JBanquedu Peuple, ^ Negotiable commercial paper discounted. ^ Cash advanced on Warehouse receipts, stock*, Ac. All kinds of-tiricurrent money, Exchange on the U. b. and Ureat U S Bank Notes and Specie bought and sold at the best rates. Collections made On all parts of British North America. M. KIMPTON & CO.,. DBALXftS IN LUIRICtlllG OILS, com OILS, BERZOIE AND VARNISH. Sole Agents in Canada for ANDREWS, CLARK & €0., EXGSL8I0B Oil WORKS. SHIP CHAKDIEBS' GOODS, &o. ROYAL INSURANCE BUILDINGS, (TOWER,) MaBQDIS KiMPTON, ' iTABSHALL KlMPTON. T 1 1 11 I ' \ < ROBERT MILLER, (LaTK R. & A. MlLLRE,) PAPER MAKEK, Wholesale Maiiiif§ctuflng Stationer, lUFORTER AND DEALER IN WINDOW SHADES, AND tji^f la Hs^ii P li 'u'; ■ I. -.ite; , , ._^.»^ mmm^J^-^-^*'-^ '"""r..-'--—»»*«(iiii». . ^' •■ . ^^. . j_^ J, 'K s^** vilVa .«r^: w^^-- ,_ .; :^.'-'«! ',wr v. * • ' : i_ *^ # L -- If ■3 . t ;:.V.- ■ " ' ■' ■ _^ 1/ F*, ♦■■- I '^■^■^ i' F, A'^ ^- f^ . "vh'' . \ •# y^' 7 ft 11 - * < > . • !1'- )» i: ' 4=^ «»'£.! SJt^" X ■Bj^'^^^'e^ ■£■.. \ / E:-, /• .. « ■;??^*fl^ ^ -\ W • ^ J V .. * V S » \ ■m- ff.fi' % . ^ s .^^ -^ ■ -. ' ' • • » r-; — - ■v • ^ ' t ^ k V. '. * , r * t _ di.. L,'..).i-fli h ..*1 ^ ^..^ f r . i^^-.l.nlSi ^iUjj^^ "fr mhi ■1 ■ ' « BUSIN SKETCHEa, THE LIVERPOOrkND LONDON AND GLOBE INSUHANOt: . COMPANY. Cliief Offices : —Liverpool, Loudon, aiid HKontreal. T. H. A;i8on, Esij., Deputy Chairmuu (Cl]«iriiujii f>nt:iri# irpntySfcarneg, E8q..(Miinnfer Ontni'ioBtmk)? - .'^''- — Tlcnry OhiiiMiiJm, Esq, (M(.•n^umt): m ' E. iLKinpr. Er « • i '■ I Reserved Surphw jPund.. Life l)ci)*rtinou< Hesono. ., .... l'«i6t FlRK r^fc'HlkNC . ,._ , „, JivVV-;'!!.'!.^,*'" MiMl.fj(li»Ke C«.in».»riiy Jn the Vt'rti^Jsi^'^'HM.uVnM't^i Sj»^.wj(HHH». Hiid I'XiHjM ijyiiot |«»/j tbMii )s«l»(w.i.u(>. tsJiiM} uf »aiy ' (lUici- j:jrQ^|,)4v*»! IJnJ'H^NHK— Tito CIKiltTinilS |•C!!OH^•<•^•^ of tho L(V('l6ot ' Mid liomloiJiiml m<>lM*<'<'.»i|*«^iy hrewnt im uiiioiintflf ceoiiiiLv i, t»lM*unMNHifJi ..mR'Vv. iUny.tfrM'cjf the JJM>*|.,.r>t R„.i l.ondoiL^ an* (jlolKj t nmimiiy. The Proniiuuo. m MS* Inxuniiiou rx'W Ahkatpe*! catablWipd inaU «JticM ana Titlag&M (lilvwKli .lit Caatfla. . .: ^ ■•^- '■ .a.P.c. ...... 4 J.*L_ ~. _J V \ BUSINESS SKETCH .SJti^>' ^ * Hi^^^i^^^a i Co 'T