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 ^1^ rbriV CoVD\^va\ O^^tXe 
 ) 
 
 ® 
 
 CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 RELATIVE T<i 
 
 A MEETING AT QUEBEC OF DELEGATES 
 
 APPOINTED TO DISCUIH THE 
 
 PROPOSED UNION OF THE BRITISH NORTH 
 AMERICAN PROVINCES. 
 
 •t" ' - tiT .u»- 
 
 >; I - ti»i ^-Y. .i''riy^' c-> y^ T :>•:<'• . ^ 
 
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 9tt*tntt1i to fiotd i}on0» of llairliameitt bp irrommanli of JQrr iVlUntv* 
 
 7th February 1865. 
 
 !U 
 
 i«l .<.'' 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 PRINTED BY GEORGE EDWARD EYRE AND WILUAM 8PUTTISW00DB, 
 
 PKIMTERS TO THE QUEEN'S MOST EXCELLENT M AJESTT. 
 
 FOR U£R MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE. 
 
 -^i.* 
 
 user. 
 
 1865. 
 
 [/Vice 2d.} 
 
 
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 li 
 
 ( 2 ) 
 
 ^.ovHaVrO^rinnoo 
 
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 SCHEDULE. 
 
 CANADA. 1 !A 
 
 INumbcr 
 
 of 
 
 B«riet. 
 
 From whom. 
 
 Number ind Date. 
 
 pm* 
 
 1 
 
 Vincount Monck to tbo Riiiht Hon. Edward CHi>dw<-ll, 
 M.P. 
 
 2i()ept^m\wT\fi64. No. 135 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 The Right Hon. Edward Cardwell, M.P., to Vigcount 
 Monck. 
 
 14 October 1864. No. 79 - 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 Viscount Monck to the Right Hon. Edward Cardwell, 
 M.P. 
 
 7 NoTcmber 1804. No. 168 - 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 Ditto ditto to ditto ditto 
 
 14 November 1864. No. 174. 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 The Rieht Hon. Edward Cardwell, M.P.. to Viscouot 
 Monck. 
 
 3 Dtcember 1864. No. 93 - 
 
 11 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 His Grace the Duke of Newcastle, K.G., to the Earl of 
 Mulgrave. 
 
 6th July 1862. No. 182 
 
 13 
 
 
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 CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 RELATIVE TO /><Jj t. v-,„t,i 
 
 . - oiWO'tn Hi 
 
 J.,; r,>oaj»ajs: A MEETING AT QUEBEC OF DELEGATES 
 
 APPOINTED TO DIHCUSS THE 
 
 PROPOSED UNION OF THE BRITISH NORTH 
 
 
 'i-!. 
 
 AMERICAN PROVINCES. 
 
 
 Vtgt. 
 
 10 
 
 II 
 
 18 
 
 CANADA. 
 
 'iV* .«^vt li 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 Copt of a DESPATCH from Viscount Monck 
 Edward Cabdwell, M.P. 
 
 to the Right Hon. 
 
 (No. 135.) 
 
 Sib, Quebec, September 23, 1864. 
 
 I HAVE the honour to transmit copy of an approved Minute of the Executive 
 Council of Canada, requesting me to invite the Governments of Nova Scotia, 
 New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland, to send Representatives 
 to a conference with the Minister? of Canada, at Quebec, to be held (or ihe purpose of 
 considering the question of the Union of these Provinces, and to digest a practical plan 
 for the realization of the idea which should be submitted for your approval. 
 
 The desire for a closer union amongst these Colonies than has hitherto existed appears 
 to be very generally felt both in Canada and in the Lower Provinces. 
 
 It appears to me that the mode of proceeding suggested in this Minute is the only 
 one in which the viewn entertained by the leading politicians of the British North 
 American Colonies on this imptNrtant subject can brought intelligibly and in a practical 
 form before your attention. 
 
 This course is also I think that which was pointed out by the Duke of Newcastle 
 in his Despatch to Lord Mulgrave (Nova Scotia, No. 182), of July 6, 1862,* trans- 
 mitted to me for my information on the same day, as that which ought to be pursued 
 in the circumstances. 
 
 I have therefore had no hesitation in complying with the request of my Executive 
 Council, and I have addressed identical communications, of which I enclose a copy, to 
 the Lieutenant-Governors of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island, 
 and to the Governor of Newfoundland, inviting them to nominate deputations to 
 represent these respective Provinces at the proposed Conference. 
 
 ' I I1&V6 &c 
 
 The Right Hon. Edward CardweU, M.P. '-'-^ < "^) ;'^«' (Signed)' "' MONCX. 
 
 -• ::: •.,u, .:. ;, . '* - -s- ' in-.V'\' : • 1"' ' I va .'i'-A ^ 
 
 'to vJiircfi^RjJl -tAi no iu^i; J-.-m') iL^Kv -liino p.-t «--.'r 
 
 Copy of a Report of a Committee of the Executive Council, approved by his Excellency the 
 
 Goveriior General on September 23, 1864. 
 
 The Committee of Council has the honour to inform your Excellency that the deputation from 
 the' Executive Council who met the delegates from the Maritime Provinces At Charlottetown on the 
 l«t instant, in accordance with the Order in Council of the 29th ultimo, have reported that such 
 Conference duly met, and that the question of a Confederation of the British North American Colonies 
 was disooued at length, and such progress made that it was Uicught desirable by the Conference that 
 the subject should be resumed in a formal and official manner under the authority of the Governments 
 of the several Provinces. 
 
 A2 
 
 V0.I. 
 
 • Prinlnl \a 
 Appendis, 
 page IS. 
 
 T.-I 
 
4 CORRKSPONDENCE RESPECTING THE PROPOSED UNION 
 
 Cakai>4. Tlip Cnmmittcf linTe thercf if the honour to nHriup nnd nuhmit for your Kxcollency'i approTal thiit 
 
 llie Bcvcrnl OovL'rnmciin of Nova Scoiin, Now Itruniwick, I'liiicr KdwnnI l«laiul, niicl Newtburdland, 
 
 bf iiivitwl to ;i|)p(iiiit I)ilf;{iit'«, uiKltTlho aiithoiiiy ol ilic Dc'imtrli of tlie Scrrclnry for the Coloniei 
 to the Lifiiteiiniii-Oovcrnur of Nova Scotia, (I itcil •liily 6, IbO-J, niid coinmiinicAti-d by tliu Colonial 
 Oilicc to your Excellency by a I)f9|>iitch ol tlit- same datn, to coiilcr with the Canadian UoTernment 
 on the Dimji-ct of a Union ur |-'eiU'rHtioit of tin* liriti*li North AniiTJcan Provinces. 
 
 The Commilice beg leave further to recuininend tliat (jiicbec be selected as the place, and the 
 lOih of October next the time for the nieetin};, as they have o»certained that »uch lime and place will 
 meet the views and convenience of the »everal Governments. 
 
 Certified, 
 
 W. H. Lee, 
 I Clerk of the Executive CouncU. 
 
 Lord MoNCK to Governor of Lower Province!. 
 Sir, Quebec, September 23, 1864. 
 
 I iiAve the honour to trantniit a copy of an approved Minute of the Executive Council of 
 Canada respcctinf; the proposal to hold a Conference of Delegates from the Colonies of Nova Scotia, 
 New lii'unBwirk, I'rince Edward Inlatul, nnd Newfoundland, with the Ministers of Canada, to consider 
 the question of a Union of these Colonies, and to digest a scheme for the practical realization of the 
 idea which may be Bubmitted :ih embodying the joint opinions of the Governments of the several 
 Provinces to tlie Secretary of State for the Colonies with a view to obtaining his sanction for legis- 
 lation on the subject. 
 
 In conformity with the request contained in thiH Minute, I have the honour to invite you to name 
 a deputation to represent 3'our Province in tlie approaching Conference, which will meet at Quebec on 
 tlic lUth of October. 
 
 I havei &c. 
 The Lieutenant Governors of Nova Scotia, New (Signed) Monck. 
 
 Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and the 
 Governor of Newfoundland. 
 
 HI! 
 
 No. 2. No. 2. 
 
 Copy of u DESPATCH from the Right Hon. Edward Cahdwell, M.P., to ; 
 
 Viscount MoNCK. 
 
 (No. 79.) 
 My Lord, Downing Street, October 14, 1864. 
 
 I HATE the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your Lordship's Despatch, 
 No. 135, of the 23rd of September, reporting that you bad invited the Lieutenant- 
 Governors of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island, together with 
 the Governor of Newfoundland, to send Delegates to Quebec, to attend a Conference 
 on the subject of the proposed Union of the British North American Provinces. 
 I approve of the course which your Lordship has taken in this matter 
 
 I have, &c, , .i 
 
 Governor General Viscount Monck, (Signed) EDWARD C A RDWELL. 
 
 &c. &c. &c. 
 
 ){yi ifi 
 
 No. S. 
 
 
 i 
 
 • i 
 
 • Vtgt 3. 
 
 No.3. ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • ■" ' ••■^" [^ 
 
 CopT of a DESPATCH from Viscount Monck to the Right Hon. ; ,;. 
 Edward Cardwell, M.P. - i . - , ,. 
 
 (No. 168.) ',: 
 
 Sir, Quebec, November 7, 1864. 
 
 Referring to my Despatch (No. 135.*) of the 23rd September, in which I have 
 informed you that I had invited the Lieutenant-Governors of Nova Scotia, New Bruns- 
 wick, and Prince Edward Island, and the Governor of Newfoundland, to send Representa- 
 tives to confer with the Members of the Canadian Government on the feasibility of 
 effecting a Union lietween the Colonies of British North America, and to my De- 
 spatchesf of the 14th October (No. 151.) and 2nd November (No. 165.), in which I 
 enclosed to you the answers received to that invitation, I have the honour to report that 
 the several gentlemen named in the communications above referred to as Representatives 
 of those Colonies respectively arrrived at Quebec on Monday the 10th October, the day 
 named for the assembling of the Conference. 
 
 t Note. — These two Despatches merely reported the names of some of the Del^ates and the expected time 
 of their meeting. 
 
1 
 
 OF THE BRITISH NORTH AMERICAN PROVINCES. 5 
 
 ' They immediately proceeded to tlie consideration of the import nnt qiiention. the dis- 
 CU88ion of which constituted the olijctf of tlicir nicetinj;, havmf,' appointed Sir Etienne 
 Tache, Prime Minister of Canada, as cliairman to preside over their iltlilKrations. 
 
 Their sittings began on the Ktth October, an<l eontiniicl dr iliv in diem until the 'J8th 
 of the same month. 
 
 I have now the honour to transmit the Resolutions agreed to by the Conference, for 
 which I would ask the fivourable conside: 'ion of yourself and Her Majesty's 
 Government. 
 
 I may state that an extended intercourse with the Members of the Conference enables 
 me to assure you that they were one and all aetuated by the strongest feelings of loyalty 
 to tb" Queen, the most earnest desire to maintain the connection with England, and the 
 wish to make the proposed Union work so as to strengthen that connection by enabling 
 the Provinces to take upon themselves more largely the responsibilities of a self- 
 governing community. 
 
 I do not enter into any urgunients to prove that a consolidation of these Provinces is 
 desirable, if it can l)c effected on principles which will give guarantees for strength and 
 durability. 
 
 The advantages of a well considered plan of Union, whether looked at from the pomt 
 of administration, commerce, or defence, appear to me so obvious that it would be a 
 waste of time to state them ; and the fact that the most eminent public men of all the 
 Provinces concur in <lcsiring such a Union, appears to me to go a long way in superseding 
 the necessity for any abstract orgumcnts iu its favour. 
 
 The plan which has been adopted by the Conference you will observe is the Union of 
 sU the Provinces on the Monarchical principle, under tme (Jovernor. to be appointed by 
 the Crown, with Ministers responsible, as in England, to a Parliament consistmg of two 
 Houses, one to be nominated by the Crown, and the other elected by the people. 
 
 To this Central (government and Legislature will be committed all the general business 
 of the United Provinces, and its authority on all such subjects will be supreme, subject 
 of course to the rights of the Crown and of the Imperial Parliament. 
 
 t-ach V 
 
 rovmce an 
 
 Canaiia. 
 
 For the purposes of local administration it is proposed to have ni 
 Executive Officer, to be appointed by the Governor, and removable by him i'or cause 
 to be assigned, assisted t)y a Legislative Boil}', the constitution of which it is proposed to 
 leave to the decision of the present Local Legislatures, subject to the apjirobation of the 
 Imperial Government and Parliament. 
 
 To these local bodies are to be entrusted the ccrjiition of certain specified duties of a 
 local character, and they arc to have no rijjhts o authority beyond what is expressly 
 delegated to them by the Act of Union. 
 
 To the General Government it is proposed to reserve the right of disallowing Acts 
 passed by the Local Legislatures. 
 
 I think this will be found a fair general outline of the constitutional portion of the 
 proposed scheme of Union, and I trust it will be found of such a nature as to merit the 
 general approbation of Her Majesty's Government. 
 
 I do not allude to the proposed financial arrangements between the different members 
 of the proposed Union, as these relate to questions exclusively affecting the Provinces, 
 and upon which I presume they may safely be allowed to adopt any course which they 
 may tnemselvcs thmk conducive to their interests. 
 
 In transmitting these Resolutions for your consideration I venture to state my opinion 
 that the desire for a consolidation of British North America has taken strong hold of the 
 minds of the most earnest and thoughtful men in these Provinces, and I trust that, 
 whether on the plan suggested by these Resolutions, <m' on some modification of it, 
 a Union may be effected, which will satisfy the aspirntions of so loyal and influential 
 a portion of Her Majesty's subjects. 
 
 I have, &c. 
 The Right Hon. Edward Cardwell, M.P., (Signed) MONCK. 
 
 &c. &c, &c. 
 
 Report of Uesolutions aclnpted at a Conference of Delego'es from the Provinces of Canada, Nova 
 Scotia, iind New Hruuswick, and tlie Colonics of Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island, held 
 at the city of Quebec, October 10, 1864, as the Basis of a proposed Confederation of iliose 
 Provinces and Colonies. 
 
 1. The best interests and present and future prosperity of British North America will be promoted 
 by a Federal Union under the Crown of Great Britain, provided such Union can be effected on 
 principles just to the several Provirices. 
 
 A 3 
 
.^^ 
 
 i 
 
 I c*!! I 
 
 • f> rOKUESPONDKNCK RESPECTING THE PROPOSED I'NION 
 
 VxxkTik. '^ '" •'"' I''**!'™!'"" "• tlip Hritinh Norlli Amprican l'rovino»t« the i>v*teni of government hen 
 
 — k(ia|it<'<l iindrr I'xittiii}; circuinstaiiccK to |iriit<-t't llic ilivt'isilicil iiileri>«tii i>l tlif M'vcral I'rovincn, aimJ 
 
 Tciirr I'Dii'U'iiry, liiinnoiiy, aiul iicrnmiii'iicv in tin- umkiiii.' nf tin- L'liiun, would bo a UeiMral 
 (JoviTiiinriit rliiirgf)! wiili mntiii'* c<r loiiiiiiini iiilciipt in ili< wboir luiintry, iiiitl Local GorenuMnts 
 for rnrli of tin- ('anitilii'> iiiid for tlir I'rovirucs of Novu Soiiii, Ni'w Itniriswick, and I'riruc Kdward 
 Inland, cliiir^^t'd with till- control of local loatttTs in tlii'ir iPK|ii'rti\i- ocction^, pi'ovixinn hcin^ made 
 for tlic iiitrnitxiuii into thr I'nioii mi (•(|iiitul>|p tcrin* i)f Newfonndlnnd, the Norili-west Territory. 
 Kritiili ('oliinil)in, nnil Viinroiivir. 
 
 .'t. III iViiinin^ a Constitiuion lor tin" (irni'rni (iovt-niini-nt, tin- Cunft-rcncr, with a view to the per- 
 |M'tuatioii of our connexion with tlic Mother Country, and to llu: proinotion of the best intemt* of 
 the iK-oidc ot tlicsf I'rovinctn, desirf to loilow the inodfl of the l{riti>li (.'oimtiluliun, »<> far ua our 
 circunini.inccn will permit 
 
 •I, The Kxecutive Authority or Ciovcrnnicnt aluiil be vested in the Sovereign of the I'nited 
 Kingdom of (iieat Uritain and Ireland, and be ndininistered according to the well undersl(M)d priu- 
 eiples ol the Mriti'li t'on-titulion by the Sovereign per^•onally or by the Keprcsentativc of the Sovereign 
 duly authorized. 
 
 .5, The Sovereign or l!rpre»entativo of the Sovereign shall be Comnmnder-in-Chief of the Land 
 and Nnval Militia Forces. 
 
 «J 'liiere shall l)e a (ieiieral Legislature or I'arliiiment fur the FcileratctI Frovincei, composed of a 
 I.<egislalive Council and a House of Conunons. 
 
 7. For liie jmrpo.se of forming the Legislative Council, the Federated I'rnvincc» shall be considered 
 as conhistiiig of liirce diviiiions : — .1st, Upper Canada; 'Jnd, Lower Canada; 3rd, \ova Scotia, 
 New HruuHwick, and Prince F.dward Island ; each divi.^ion with an ecjual representation in the Legit- 
 lative Couneil. 
 
 H. l'j)per Canada shall be represented in the Legislative Council by '24 raemlwrs, L>wer Canada 
 by 'J4 members, and the tlin'e Mnritinie Provinces by "24 members, of which Nova Scotia shall have 
 10, New HruUHwiek l(t, and Prince Fjdwnrd Island 4 members. 
 
 n. The Colony of Newfoundland shall be entitled to enter the proposed Union, with a representa* 
 lion in the Legislative Council of four members. 
 
 |(). Tile North-west Territory, Hriiisb Columbia, and Vancouver i-liall be admitted into the Union, 
 on such terms and condition.^ as the Parliament of the Federated Provinces shall deem equitable, and 
 an shall receive the assent of Her Majesty; and in tiie case of the Province of British Columbia or 
 \'aiKonvei . as sliall be agreed to by the liegislature of such I'rovinee. 
 
 II. Tlie Members of the Legislative Couneil shall be appointed by the Crown tmdcr the Great 
 Heal of the General Goveriimeiii, and .shall hold oHice during life; if any Legislative Councillor shall, 
 for two eonsceiiiive >pssioMs of Parliament, fail to give his attendance in the said Council his seat 
 shall thereby become vaennl. 
 
 I'J. The Member.s of the Legislative Council shall bo British subjects by birth or naturalization, 
 of tile full age ol UO years, shall possess a continuous real property qualification of four thousand 
 dollars over and above all incumbrances, and shall be and continue worth that sum over and above 
 their ilobts and liabilities, but in the case of Newfoundland and Prince Kdward Island the property 
 may be either real or personal. 
 
 1.'3. If any question sliall arise as to the i|ualification of a Legislative Councillor, the same shall be 
 determined by the Council. 
 
 14. The first selection of the Members of the i..egislative Council shall be made, except aa regards 
 Prince Kdwar<l island, from the Legislative Councils of the various Provinces, so far as a sufficient 
 number he found qualified and willing to serve. .Such Members shall be appointed by the Crown at 
 the recommendation of the General Executive Government, upon the nomination of the respective 
 Local Governments; and in such nomination due regard shall be had to tlie claims of the Members of 
 the Legislative Council of the opposition in each Province, so that all political parties may as nearly 
 as possible be fairly represented. 
 
 15. The Speaker of the Legislative Council (unless otherwise provided by Parliament) shall be 
 appointed by the Crown from among the Members of the Legislative Council, and shall hold office 
 during pleasure, and shall only be entitled to a casting vote on an equality of votes. 
 
 16. K.'.ch of the 24 Legislative Councillors representing Lower Canada in the Legislative Council 
 of the General Legislature shall be appointed to represent one of the 24 electoral divisions men- 
 tioned in Schedule A. of Chiipter Ist of the Consolidated Statutes of Canada, and such Councillor 
 shall reside or possess his qualification in the division he is appointed to represent. 
 
 17. The basis of Kepieseiiiation in the House of Commons .shall be Population, as determined 
 by the official census every 10 years; and the number of Members at first shall be 194, distributed 
 as follows : 
 
 Upper Canada - . - 
 
 Lower Canada . - - 
 
 Nova Scotia - ... 
 
 New Brunswick - - - 
 
 Newfoundland - - - - 
 
 and Prince Edward Island - 
 
 18. Until the official census of 1871 has been made up, there shall be no change in the number of 
 Representatives from tlie several sections. 
 
 19. Immediately .after the completion of the census of 1871, and immediately after every decennial 
 census thereafter, the representation from each section in the House of Commons shall be re-adjuited 
 on the basis of population. 
 
 82 
 65 
 19 
 15 
 8 
 5 
 
V OF THE BRITISH NORTH AMERICAN PROVINCES. 
 
 'M 
 
 90. For the 
 
 |>arpoi>« 
 and each n( tli<- nthcr 
 
 above 
 properly 
 
 of Midi re-«(IJuiitlucnU, Lower ^aiiniU «)^|| mU^, \^. ^^,g^,.^af Vymlifi, c^iMiiu. 
 mTliiinn »lmll 111 <:i(li rr-ailjiirti'iiriit riyiMX-, lur llic Itl \iMri iIkii m \I ___ 
 
 luoocrding, the number nf mciiibira (u wliicli it will Ih' t'lititltti ua llu- •.inu- rutin ol rviirr*i'nt«tHiii 
 to population an Lower Cuimilit will ctijny iicfonliiiK to the i-cn>uii hint liikfii by linNiiiif <i\iy-liv« 
 membert. 
 
 Ul. No re<luction »hall bt> matlv in tin- niiiulier of mtMnbi-rt rt-iurnotl by any M-ctioii, unlru it* 
 population ahull liavr ilt'Cri'UM'd rclntlvely in tli<- |io|iuhitii>ii <il tin- wlinlc rnion, to iliv t-xteat ol live 
 per ceniuin. 
 
 23. In couiputinj; at tach ilcci-iinial period the iitimlxi' of MciuIhis in nliiili carli octioii Ik 
 entitled, no fractional i>art!< liliall lie considcrol, iiiilfs- wlicn cxrctilliii,' mu- li.ilt ilie iiutiilMr entitling 
 to a Meuber, in which cu.-<e a Member «liall l>e giviii fnr mrli <ui'li traiilnii.tl |i.iri. 
 
 23. The Ix'nislatiire of each I'roviiuf iihall dividi; .ueli I'loviiice iiilu tlir |iro|><.'r number of roii- 
 (tilucnciet, and duline the bouiidurie> of each of thi'Mi. 
 
 24. The Local Legislature of each I'roviiice may, fruni time to limv, alter the eltHrtoral diiirictii fur 
 the purpu«i'!i ol ropri'sicnlution in the House of Commnn-i, and di^tribiiti- tlie Ueprcneiitatives lu which 
 the province is entitled, in any niuniier hul-Ii lA'giiil.iture may iliiiik tit 
 
 25. The nuiubvr of Member!! may at any time be inci'ea.ted by the (ienernl I'arliameni. regard 
 bcin)^ had to the prupurtionate rif^hts then exi^ttiiif;. 
 
 2tt. Until provigiunti are made by the Cieiieral Parliament, all . e lawit which ut the date of the 
 Proclamation conotituting the Union are in force in the Provinces renpectively, reiatiii); to tlin iiualifi- 
 cation and disqualification of any person to be elected or to sit or vote ni> a Memliei- ol the A.-^embly 
 in the mid Provinces resi>cctively — and relating; to the (jiialitication or diMiualilicition of voicri<, and 
 to the oaths to be taken by volerr*, anil to Itelurning Olticcr^ and llieir potver-i and <lulie!<. — iiiul 
 relating to the proceediiifrs ut electioiH, — and to the period diirin:; wliirli ^ucli eiectiniis may be con- 
 tinued,— and reiutiliK to the trial of Controverted Elections, and the proccedini;:* inciiU lit iheielo, — and 
 relating to the vacating ot seat.>i of Member>, — anil tiie issuing and execminii of new writs in ease of 
 any seat being vacated otherwise than by a diHsolution, — eliall respectively ^ip|>ly to tleciions of 
 Members to serve in the House of Coininoiis. for places nituate in those Province!* respecliveiv. 
 
 27. Every House of Coiuinunij shall continue for five years tnim llie day of llie rclurn of the 
 writs choosing the same, and no longer, subject, neverthelcHs, to be sooner prorogued or dL^solvi il by 
 the Governor. 
 
 28. There ahall be a Session of the General Parliament once at least in every year, so that a period 
 of 12 calendar months shall not intervene between the last sitting of the (iencral Parliament in one 
 session and the first sitting thereof in the next session. 
 
 29. The General Parliament shall have power to make Laws for the peace, welfare and gooil 
 Government of the the Federated ProvinceH (saving the Sovereignty of ICngland), and uspeciuUy 
 Laws respecting the following subjectti : — 
 
 L The Public Debt and Property. 
 
 2. The liegulation of Trade and Commerce. 
 
 3. The imposition or regulation of Duties of Customs on Imports and Kxpori>. except on 
 Exports of Timber, Logs, Masts, Spurs, Deals, and Sauu Lumber, and of Coal and other 
 Minerals. 
 
 4. The imposition and regulation of Excise Duties. 
 
 5. The raising of money by all or any other modes or systems of Taxation. 
 
 6. The borrowing of money on the public credit. 
 
 7. Postal service. 
 
 8. Lines of Steam or other Ships, Railways, Canals and other works, connecting any two or 
 more of the Provinces together, or extending beyond the limits of any Province. 
 
 9. Lines of Steamships between the Fcderiited Provinces and other Countries. 
 
 10. Telegraphic communication and the incorporation of Telegraph Companies. 
 
 11. All such works as shall, although lying wholly within any Province, be specially declared by 
 the Acts authorizing them to be for the general advantage. 
 
 12. The Census. 
 
 13. Militia— Military and Naval Service and Defence. 
 
 14. Beacons, Buoys and Light Houses. 
 
 15. Navigation and Shipping. 
 
 16. Quarantine. 
 
 17. Sea Coast and Inland Fisheries. 
 
 18. Ferries between any Province and a Foreign Country, or between any two Provinces 
 
 19. Currency and Coinage. 
 
 20. Banking, incorporation of Banks, and the issue of paper money 
 
 21. Savings Banks. 
 
 22. Weights and Measures. 
 
 23. Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes. 
 
 24. Interest. 
 
 25. Legal Tender. 
 
 26. Bankruptcy and Insolvency. 
 
 27. Patents of Invention and Discovery. 
 
 28. Copyrights. , ^ ' 
 
 29. Indians and Lands reserved for the Indians. ' 
 
 39. Naturalization and Aliens. •' . ; ' ' 
 
 ' 31. Marriage and Divorce. 
 
 A4 
 
Cy 
 
 M 
 
 Vaxada. 
 
 H CORRKSPONnENCK RESPECTrNT. THE PROPOSED UNION 
 
 38. Thr Criminal Law, escrptins iho C'on<tiiutinii of ('oiirti of Criminal JuriMiiction, bat 
 
 ini liidiii^ thr PriNitltirr in Criminal mutt* r* 
 00. K<<ndcrinK iinironu all or anv of thr law* rflaiivc to prop«-rty and rivil ri|{hti in Upper Cacada, 
 Novn Srotin, Ni'W Bruniwirk, Nrwruiindland mid Prinn- I'.dward Inland, ami rcndrring 
 iinifomi till' i<roct'diirr of all or any id' tin" Coiirli in tli«»e I'rovincru ; liut any Statute lor 
 thi« purpoM- oliidl have no force or nntlinriiy in any Province until tanctionrd by the 
 Le)(iilnliirG thrrrof 
 .14. 'I'lir «'ntiiblii«liuiiiit <•(" a (itncral ('oiiri of Ap|Hal for tin- Frdrrnird I'rovincru. ' ''''. 
 
 'Mi. Immigration. 
 .'10. Af(ricuiiiii'i- 
 
 .'17. And ^riiurally ii'»p<-t'tiuK all iiiatterH of n g< iirnil < liaractrr. not vpecially and rxclutii'ely 
 rt'Rervril for thr Loral (iuvrrnnu-iili* and I.i'^iHJatiiri < 
 ;10. Thr (icnrial ( JdviTiiiiicni and Parlianifiit nhall liaM- all powers necCKsary or proper for per- 
 forming til)' ohligntions of tliu Fi-deratcd l'ro\inct'», an part of tin- Itrititih Knipirc, to Foreign 
 (,'ountriiM, arising under 'I'rratifH bctwcrn (irrat liritaiii and »ncli Conntricn. 
 
 .'11. The (iuncial i'arliaiiiiiit iiiny alfo. Iron) lime to time, rstalilitli .idditional Courts, and the 
 General (iovcrnincnt may appoint .ludxca and Oiiicrrs thereof, whon thr »^tnie olinll appear nccenary 
 or for thr pnlilic a<lvanla;;(<, in order to tlic dnc rxcfiition of thr laWH of Parliament. 
 
 ti'i. All Courts', Judnci, and OIBcrrs of the irvrral Provincen Rliall aid, as*i«tt, and obey the General 
 {Jovcrnnunt in tlic exorciif of its right« and powrrs. and for such purpose* shall be liehl to be Courts, 
 .ludgen and Officcru of llic ( leneral Government. 
 
 .13. The font ral (ioverninent Hlinll npjMiint and pay the .Judges of the Su])erior Courts in each 
 Province, and of the Connty ( ourt* of Upper Canada, and Parliament §liall fix thrir salariea. 
 
 .'J4. Until tlio Consolidation of the Laws of Upper Canada, New liniiiHwick, Nova Scotia, New- 
 foundland, and Prince Kdwnrd Island, the Judges of tlicne Province* appointrd by the General 
 Qovcrnmcnt shidi be selected from their resiH'Ctive Harx. 
 
 .1.'). The Judgeo of the Courts of Lower Canada shall be xclected from thr Bar of Lower Canada. 
 36. The iludgcH of the Court of Admiralty now receiving salaries ohall be paid by the General 
 (iovernmcnt. 
 
 :J7. The .TndgrM of the Sii|)erior Courts shall hold their ofKceit during good behaviour, and shall be 
 removable only on the Addreits of both Houses of Parliament. 
 
 
 I.m-iilJSiil'rriimrnf. 
 
 .18. For each of the Provinces there i-liall be an Kxecuiive Officer, .styled the Lieutenant-Governor, 
 who shall be appointed by the Governor General in Council, under the Great Seal of the Federated 
 Provinces, during pleasure : such pleasure not to be exercised before the expiration of the first five 
 years, except for cause : such cause to be coinnmuicated in writing to the Lieutenant-Governor 
 immediately ofter the exercise of the pleasure as aforesaid, and also by Messages to both Houses of 
 Parliament, within the first week of the first Session afterwardi<. 
 
 .19. The Lieutcimnt-Governor of each Province shall be paid by the General Government. 
 
 40. In undertaking to pay the salaries of the Lieutenant-Governors, the Conference does not desire 
 to prejudice the claim of I'lince Edward Island upon the Imperial Government for the amount now 
 paid lor the calary of the Lieutenant-Governor thereof^ 
 
 41. The LocarGovernment and Legislature of each Province shall be constructed in such manner 
 as the existing Legislature of such I'rovince shall provide. 
 
 42. The Local Legislatures shall have power to alter or amend their Constitution from time to time. 
 
 43. The Local Legislatures shall have power to make Lawj respecting the Ibllowing subjects: 
 
 1. Direct Taxation and the iniposiiion of Duties on the Export of Timber, Logs, ALsts, Spars, 
 
 Deals, and Savfn Lumber, and of Coals and other Minerals. 
 12. KrrowTiig ^(oney on the credit of the Province. 
 8. The establishment and tenure of Local Offices, and the appointment and payment of Local 
 
 Officers. 
 
 4. Agriculture. 
 
 5. Immigration. . •; ; 
 
 6. Education ; saving the rights and privileges which the Protestant or Catholic minority in 
 both Canadas may possess as to their Denominational Schools, at the time when the Union 
 goes into operation. 
 
 7. The sale »nd management of Public Lands, excepting Lands belonging to the General 
 Government. 
 
 8. Sea Coast and Inland^Fisheries. 
 
 9. The establishment, maintenance, and management of Penitentiaries, and of Public and 
 Reformatory Prisons. 
 
 10. The establishment, maintenniice, and management of Hospitals, Asylums, Charities, and 
 Eleemosynary Institutions. 
 
 11. Municipal Institutions. : T >.:_■. •" 
 
 12. Shop, Saloon, Tavern, Auctioneer and other Licences. /. j , ... wr . • • 
 
 13. Local Works. • ' ■ '" ■• ' ."!-■ 
 
 14. The Incorporation of private or local Companies, except such as relate to matters assigned 
 to the General Farlianient. 
 
 15. Property and civil rights, excepting those portions thereof assigned to the General Parlia- 
 ment 
 
(tv 
 
 or Tin: HUiTisii N(>»;ii amkkk w imiovincks 9 
 
 Iff. InllirtioK |iuiii<limrnt by fiiif, ix'ii.iltii-". iiii|iri*oi)in<'ti( or othcr<*iM- for the limirl- of Uw* 
 
 |iitta<><l ill ri'l.itiiin tii any i>ul\i<'( t vtillnii ili' ir jiiri* lirtioii 
 17. Tlie Ailiiiiiii»ir<iti(iii ul <lu«ti<'>'. iniiu>liii^ the ('on«titutii)ii, miiiiiicimiicf, uml (irMnniiatioii 
 ol ihp (.'oiirln — liuili of Civil and Criininiil •liiriiHlictioii, and ini'liidiiiK aUti il)< I'riH-i'iliiri- 
 in Civil Mutters 
 Ik And Ki'iXTiiily nil iDniiirii of ii privikir iir loiiii ii.itiiri. n'li n>i>iuni I tn tin- (ii'ni-ml I'ailiit- 
 nient 
 44. Tlif (Mtu'cr of n-ii|)iliii){, rrpricvin^, and |>urdonin){ I'risuncrit convictrd of crinic*, mid ul omii. 
 mutiny and rvniittiii^ of itentt'iir)"< in mIioIu or in (Kirt, wliich lu-jiin^* nrritjiit lo tlif Crown, •hull U- 
 adminiKti'l'cd liy tlic liii ulciiaiil-liuvi'riior of cicli I'rovim-c m Coiiiiiil, «iilijrct lo nii\ iii>lriictioiii hi- 
 may from time to linu: receive' I'rom tlif (ii'iicral ( ioviriiiiiriit, :iiii| '•iilijcci to any proviaiuiH th.i. iiiuy 
 be made in lliiA hclialf bv tlif (u-ncral Pariiainciit. 
 
 CjkMAP*. 
 
 Il 
 
 ,WM<r//(/«<ii«.v 
 
 45. Ill rcpird to all siibjiTtM ovi>r which jiiriKdictinii Ih-Ioii;;-> to lioih the (inicral and Loral I^){*** 
 lotufpt, the law<t of till' (iuni-ral I'arliunioDt iliall coiiirol nmi mipiTKi'dc tliusc in.idt' bv ili'' l.cral 
 Legi*laturt>, and llif lattt'r '>li:iil lie vo.il i\* jar as tliry an' re pii^iiinii li or iiiroiiHiKtciit witli tin- 
 former. 
 
 46. Both the KiiKliitii ami Krennh liiiiKii.iffos niny be employed in the I ' iieral I'ariiament and in 
 it« proceedinfjn, and in the LomI Li'ulsltitiirL' of Lower Canad.i, and ai*o :ii the Federal Clourtt anil 
 in the Courts of Lower Canada. 
 
 47. No lands or property bi!lonL;in<; to the Ciencral or Locul (tovermiieni «liail bo liable lo 
 taxation. 
 
 48. All bill.'* I(ir approprialiiii{ any part of the puliiie iWi'iiiie, of lor iinpo.^iii:^ any new tax or 
 impost, shall originate in the Iloiiie oi'CominoiH or liie lloiiv ol' .V^si'iiiMy, :!•. tin- cme may be. 
 
 40. The House of Coinmoiu or llon^e of AssL-mbly ^'ll ill not ori'.;iii.iti' or p.'.^'t any vote. rc4o- 
 lution, adilre^ij, or bill for tlio apiiropriaiion of any put of ilie |niblii' revenii', oi of .iiiv t;i\ or 
 impost to any purpose, not (irst recoiniiieiided by .Mi':»i'int' of tlie llovciiior (ieneral. or tlie l.ieiiteiiini 
 Governor, as the c.ise may be, diirin'.^ tlie .^I'^.^ioii in wliii'li -inrli voii-. resilnlloii. inldre-*, or 1111114 
 lusscd. 
 
 .50. Any bill of the General RuTuiiikmii inav be re.serveil in tiie n^iial iiiiniirr lor ller M.ije'tty'i 
 asHent, and any bill of the Local Le!{i<laliires miy in like Miaiiiier Ik- je-erved for tln' eoiijiideiMtion 
 of the Governor General. 
 
 61. Any bill passed by the General Parliament .<<liull be subject to dis iliowano' liy Her .MajeMiy 
 within two years, as in the case of bills p issed by ilic lie^islilnres of tin- said I'roviiiue* hitiierto, 
 and in like manner any bill ji.issed by a Ijo;';i1 '..enislatiiri' sli:ill 'u' siibjeel to disallow.inee by the 
 Governor General wiihin one ye ir after the pimincr thereof. 
 
 5'2. The seat of Governnieiit of tile Federated I'rovinces sh.ill be Ottaw.i. xnbjeft to tlie Uoyal 
 Prerogative. 
 
 53. Subject to any future action of the respective Local (iovenimenis, the seat of the Local 
 Government in Upper Canada shall be Torunto ; of Lower Canada, Queliec; and the seats of the 
 Local Governments in llie other Provinces shall be a.>< at [ireseiit. 
 
 of Local 
 
 General 
 
 blio and 
 ties, and 
 
 assigned 
 IParlia- 
 
 Projicrti/ and fjlahUities. 
 
 54. All stocks, cash, bunkers' balances and ."ecuriiie.^ for money belonging to inch Province, at 
 the time of the Union, except as herein-after mentioned, shall belong to the (ieneral (Jovernnieiit. 
 
 Pi 
 
 Av. 
 
 long to the (ieneral 
 
 companies; 
 
 I jiitiv be set aside 
 
 55. The following public works and property of eai 
 Government ; to wit : — 
 
 1. Canals ; 
 
 2. Public harbours ; 
 
 3. Lighthouses and piers ; 
 
 4. Steamboats, dredges, and public vessels : 
 
 5. River and lake improvement!! ; 
 
 6. Railway and railway stocks, mortgnge:, and other debts due by r.tilv. 
 
 7. Military roads ; 
 
 8. Custom houses, post offices, iiiul oilier public buildings, except such 
 
 by the General Government for the use of the liocal Legislatures and (jovernmcnts; 
 
 9. Property transferred by (he Imperial Governracnt, and known as Ordnance property ; 
 
 10. Armouries, drill sheds, military clothing, and mniiitioiis of war; and 
 
 11. Lands set apart for public purposes. 
 
 56. All lands, mines, minerals, and royalties vested in Her M.ajesty in the Provinces of Upper 
 Canada, Lower Canada, Nova Scotia, New IJrnnswick, and Prince Kdward Island, for the use of 
 such Provinces, shall belong to the Local Government of the territory in which the same are so 
 situate ; subject to any trusts that may exist in respect to any of such lands or to any interest of 
 other persons in respect of the same. 
 
 57. All sums due from purchasers or lessees of such lands, mines, or minerals, at the time of the 
 Union, shall also belong to the Local Governments. 
 
 58. All assets connected with such portions of the public debt of any Province as are assumed by 
 the Local Governments, shall also belong to those Governments respectively. 
 
 59. The several Provinces shall retain all other public property therein, subject to the right of 
 
 B 
 
 
uv 
 
 10 CORRESPONDENCE RESPECTING THE PROPOSED UNION 
 
 
 \ 
 
 
 v^ \ 
 
 , 
 
 « 
 
 >L 
 
 :; 
 
 
 1 : 
 
 ' k 
 
 • \ 
 
 )' 
 
 
 IK' 
 
 i 
 
 i \ 
 
 , 
 
 IV 
 
 „ 
 
 *!V 
 
 
 A 
 
 1 
 
 i'Vl ; 
 
 'if' 
 
 1 1 
 
 Cakaua. thp General Government to agiiimc any lands or public property ri-quircti for fortilicationg or the 
 ~~~" defence of the count ry. 
 
 6t>. The General Government shnli assume all the debts and liabilities of each Province. 
 
 61. The debt of Canada not spctially a«itiimed by Upper and Lower Canada respectively, shall not 
 
 exceed at the time of till' Uni(»ri --.... ^6*2,500,000 
 
 Nova Scotia shall enter the I'nion with u ilebt not exceeding - - 8,000,000 
 
 And New IJrunswick, with a debt not exceeding - - . . 7,000,000 
 
 6'J. In case Nova Scotia or New Brunswick do not incur liabilities beyond those for which their 
 (lovernr'ents arr now bound, and which shall make their debts at the dale of Union less than 
 ;5(H,000,0()0 and ,S7 ,000,000 respectively, they shall be entitled to interest at o percent, on the amount 
 not so incurred, in like manner iic is hercin-al'ter provided for Newfoundland and I'rince Edward 
 Island ; the ioxc^mw^ resolution being in no respect inten<le<l to limit the powers givi n to the 
 respective Governments of those Provinces by legislative authority, but only to limit the naximum 
 amount of charge to he assumed by the General Government. Provided always that the powers 
 so confi-rrrd by the respective Legislatures shall be exercised within live years from this tlatc, or the 
 same shall then lapse. 
 
 63. Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island, not having incurred debts eepial to those of the 
 other Provinces, shall be entitled to receive by half-yearly payments in advance from the General 
 Government the interest at five per cent, on the difference between the actual amount of their 
 respective debts at the time of the Union, and the average amount of indebtedness per head of the 
 population of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick. 
 
 04. In consideration of the transfer to the Generul Parliament of the powers of taxation, an 
 annual grant in aid of each Province shall b? made, equal to 80 cents per head of the population, as 
 established by the census of 1861, the population of Newfoundland being i>stimated at 180,000. 
 Such ai<l shall be in full settlement of all future demands upon the General Government for local 
 purposes, and ^hall be paid half-yearly in advance to each Province. 
 
 6.5, The position of New Brunswick being such as to entail large immediate charges upon her 
 local revenues, it is agreed that for the period of iO year.-< from the time when the Union takes effect, 
 an additional allowance of ■<(63,000 per annum shall be made to that Province. But that so long as 
 the liability of that Province remains under .s'7,000,000, a deduction equal to the interest on such 
 deficiency 'shall be made from the ^fiS.OOO. 
 
 <iC. Ill coiisideriition of the surrender to the General Government by Xewfoiindland of all its 
 rights in mines and minerals, .ind of all the ungranted and unoccupied lands of the Crown, it is 
 agreed that the sum of .v'l.jC^OOO shall e.ichyear be paid to that J'rovince, by semi-annual payments. 
 Provided that that Colony shall retain the right of opening, constructing, and controlling roads and 
 bridges through any of the said land?, subject; to any laws which the General Parliament may pass in 
 respect of the same. 
 
 67. All engagements that may, before the Union, be entered into with the Imperial Government 
 for the defence of the country shall be assumed by the General Government. 
 
 68. The General Government shall secure, without delay, the completion of the Intercolonial 
 Railway from Riviere-du-Loup through New Brunswick to Truro in Nova Scotia. 
 
 69. The communications with the North-western Territory, and the improvements required for the 
 development of the trade of iho Great West with the Seaboard, are regarded by this Conference as 
 subjects of the highest importance to the I'ederated Provinces, and shall be prosecuted at the earliest 
 possible period that the state of the finances will permit. 
 
 70. The sanction of the Imperial and Local Parliaments shall be sought for the Union of the 
 Provinces, on the principles adopted by the Contierence. 
 
 71. That Her Majesty the Quaen be solicited to determine the rank and name of the Federated 
 Provinces. 
 
 72. The proceedings of the Conference shall be authenticated by the signatures of the Delegates, 
 and submitted by each Delegation to its own Government, and the Chairman is authorized to 
 submit a copy to the Governor General for transmission to the Secretary of State for the Colonies. 
 
 I certify that the above is a true copy of the original Report of Resolutions 
 adopted in Conference. 
 
 E. P. Tache, Chairman. 
 
 No. 4. 
 
 No. 4. 
 
 Copy of a DESPATCH from Viscount Monck to the Right Hon. 
 Edward Cardwell, M.P. 
 (No. 174.) Government House, Quebec, 
 
 Sir, November 14, 1864. 
 
 I HAVE the honour to transmit for your information a copy of a Despatch which I 
 have addressed to each of the Lieutenant-Governors of Nova Scotia, New Bnmswick, 
 and Prince Edward Island, and to the Governor of Nev.'foundland, enclosing copies of 
 the Resolutions of the late Conference at Quebec on the Union of the Provinces of 
 British North America. , . 
 
 X hftVG &c 
 The Right Hon. Edward Cardwell, M.P., (Signed) ' MONCK. 
 
 &c. &C.. . &C. 
 
 ir.,i;r;'. 
 
 I 
 
6^1 
 
 [ion§ or the 
 
 :e. 
 
 ly, shall not 
 
 «62,500,000 
 
 8,000,000 
 
 7,000,000 
 
 which their 
 
 II less than 
 
 the amount 
 
 nee Edward 
 
 ivt n to the 
 
 ic naxiinum 
 
 I lie powers 
 
 tiiitc, or tlie 
 
 those of the 
 the General 
 imt of their 
 head of the 
 
 taxation, an 
 
 opulation, as 
 
 at 130,000. 
 
 eiit for local 
 
 ;e8 upon her 
 
 taltes effect, 
 
 at so long as 
 
 rest on such 
 
 iiid of all its 
 Crown, it is 
 :hI payments, 
 g roads and 
 ; may pass iti 
 
 Government 
 
 Intercolonial 
 
 uired for the 
 
 onference as 
 
 the earliest 
 
 Jnion of the 
 
 le Federated 
 
 le Delegates, 
 luthorized to 
 be Colonies. 
 Resolutions 
 
 airman. 
 
 OF THE BRITISH NORTH AMERICAN PROVINCES. 
 
 II 
 
 e, Quebec, 
 
 1864. 
 ch which I 
 Brunswick, 
 
 copies of 
 tovinces of 
 
 NCK. 
 
 I 
 
 Sin, (ioveriimpiit House, Quclur, Novomlicr 12, I8GJ. 
 
 Reikrhinu to my Despatch of *2'in\ SeptiinliiT, ami to your ausNver of flul OitohiT, I Imve 
 the honour to itilnrm you llint the geiitlenii-ii iiaiucd l)y yini lo ii'uropiit \iiv,i Siotia lioifiin llii ir 
 eiiiisultations with tlie delegates from the ollu-r Provinces and ihi- MuiisttT* of (Janui.i on the 
 loth October. 
 
 The nui.iber« of the Conference chose Sir E. P. Tachd, Prime Minister of Canada, as their 
 chairman, and I have now the honour to transmit to you a copy of the resolutions* adopted by die 
 Conference, authenticated by the signature of that gentleman. 
 
 I have also transmitted a similar copy to Her Majesty's Secretary of State for the Colonies, and 
 the Lieutenant-Governor of New Brunswick aiid Prince Edward Island and the Governor of 
 Newfoundland. 
 
 I have, &c. 
 His Excellency the Lieutenant-Uovcrnor (Signed) Mon'ck. 
 
 of Nova Scotia, &c., &c., &c. 
 
 C*N"AI>A. 
 
 !•»(!,• y 
 
 No. 5. .^,,,. 
 
 Copy of a DESPATCH from the Right Honourable Edward Cardweli,, M.P., to 
 
 Viscount MoNCK. 
 
 (No. 9:?.) 
 My Lord, Downing Street, Dec. ."?, ISfJl. 
 
 Hi;n Majesty's Government have received with the most cordiiil satisfaction your 
 Lordship's Despatch of the 7th ultimo,* transmitting for their consideration the I'usoKi- ' "'"' *' 
 tions adopted by the Representatives of the several Provinces of British North America, 
 who were assembled at Quebec. 
 
 With the sanction of the Crown — and upon the invitation of the Ciovernor General — 
 men of every Province, chosen by the respective Lieutenant-Governors without distinc- 
 tion of party, assembled to consider questions of the utmost interest to every subject of 
 the Queen, of whatever race or faith, resident in those Provinces ; and have arrived 
 at a conclusion destined to exercise a most important influence upon the future welfare 
 of the whole community. 
 
 Animated by the warmest sentiments of loyalty and devotion to their Sovereign, — 
 earnestly desirous to secure for their posterity throughout all future time the advati- 
 tages which they enjoy as subjects of the Hritish Crown, — steadfastly attached to the 
 institutions under which they live, — they have conducted their deliberations with patient 
 sagacity, and have arrived at unanimous conclusions on questions involving many 
 difficulties, and calculated under less favourable auspices to have given rise to many 
 differences of opinion. 
 
 Such an event is in the highest degree honourable to those who have taken part in 
 these deliberations. It must inspire confidence in the men by whose judgment and 
 temper this result has been attained: — and will ever remain on record as an evidence of the 
 salutary influence exercised by the institutions under which these qualities have been 
 80 signally developed. 
 
 Her Majesty's Gov 3mment have given to your Despatch and to the Resolutions of the 
 Conference their most deliberate consideration. They have regarded them as a 
 whole, and as having been designed by those who have framed them to establish as 
 complete and perfect an union of the whole into one Government, as the circumstances 
 of the case and a due consideration of existing interests would admit. They accept them, 
 therefore, as being, in the deliberate judgment of those best qualified to decide upon the 
 subject, the best framework of a n^easure to be passed by the Imperial Parliament for 
 attaining that niost desirable result. 
 
 The point of principal importance to the practical well-working of the scheme, is the 
 accurate determmation of the limits between the authority of the Central and that of the 
 Local Legislatures in their relation to each other. It has not been possible to exclude 
 from the Resolutions setne provisions which appear to be less consistent than might, 
 perhaps, have been desired with the simplicity and unity of the system. But upon the 
 whole it appears to Her Majesty's Government that precautions have been taken, which 
 are obviously intended to secure to the Central Government the means of effective action 
 throughout the several Provinces ; and to guard against those evils which must inevi- 
 tably arise, if any doubt were permitted to exist as to the respective limits of Central and 
 Local authority. They are glad to observe that, although large powers of legislation arc 
 intended to be vested in local bodies, yet the principle of Central control has been steadily 
 kept in view. The importance of this principle cannot be overrated. Its maintenance 
 is essential to the practical efficiency of the system, — and to its harmonious operation, 
 
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 12 f ORKESPONDFXCE RKSPFXTING THE PROPOSED UNION 
 
 Caxai.1. both in the prnorni nrlmini«tration, nnd in the (fovemments of the several Provinces. 
 A vcrv important part of this siilijcrt is the expense which may attend the working of 
 the Central and the Loral (iovornmmts. Her Majesty's Government cannot hut ex- 
 press the earnest hope that the arranpements which may be aclopted in this respect may 
 not '(• of such a nature as to increase — ut least in any considerable degree — the whole 
 cxp. luliture, or to make any material addition to the taxation, and thereby retard the 
 internal industry, or tend to impose new burdens on the commerce of the country. 
 
 Her Majesty's (iovernment are anxious to lose no time in conveying to you their 
 general approval of the proceedings of the Conference. There are, however, two provi- 
 sions of great importance which seem to require revision. The first of these is the provision 
 contained in the lUh Resolution with respect to the exercise of the Prerogative of pardon. 
 It appears to Her Maje-^ty's (iovernnient that this duty belongs to the representative of 
 the Sovereign, — and could not with propriety he devolved upon the Lieutenant-Governors, 
 who will, under the present scheme, be appointed not directly by the Crown, but by the 
 Central (Jovernment of the United Provinces. 
 
 'I'he second point which Her Majesty's Government desire should be reconsidered is 
 the Constitution of the Legislative Council. They appreciate the considerations which 
 have influenced the Conference in determining the mode in which this body, so im- 
 portant to the constitution of the l.^gislature, should be composed. But it appears to 
 them to require further consideration whether if the Members be appointed for life, and 
 their number be fixed, there will be any sufficient means of restoring harmony between 
 the Legislative < ouncil and tlie Popular Assembly, if it shall ever unfortunately happen 
 that a decided diflTerencc of opinion shall arise between them. 
 
 These two points, relating to the Prerogative ot the Crown and to the Constitution of 
 the Upper C!haml)er, have appeared to require distinct and separate notice. Questions 
 of minor consequence and matters of detailed arrangement may properly be reserved 
 for a future time, when the Provisions of the Bill, intended to be submitted to the 
 Imperial Parliament, shall come under consideration. Her Majesty's Government anti- 
 cipate no serious difficulty in this part of the case, — since the Resolutions will generally 
 be found sufficiently explicit to guide those who will be intrusted with the preparation of 
 the Bill. It appears to them, therefore, that you should now take immediate measures in 
 conceit with the Lieutenant-Governors of the several Provinces, for submitting to their 
 respective Legislatures tiiis project of the Conference ; — and if, as I hope, you arc able to 
 report that these Legislatures sanction and adopt the scheme, Her Majesty's Govern- 
 ment will render you all the assistance in their power for carrying it into effect. It will 
 probably be found to be the most convenient course, that in concert with the Lieutenant- 
 Governors, you should select a deputation of the persons best qualified, to proceed to 
 this country ; — that they may be jjresent during the preparation of the Bill, and give to 
 Her Majesty's Government the benefit of their counsel upon any questions which may 
 arise during the passage of the measure through the two Houses of Parliar-ant. 
 
 I have, &c.. 
 Viscount Monck. (Signed) EDWARD CARDWELL. 
 
 &C. &C. fiC. 
 
 [A copy of the foregoing Despatch was sent on the 8th December to the Governors 
 of each of the other Provinces in North America, viz.. Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, 
 Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland.] 
 
 The Conference consisted of the following Members : 
 
 For Canada, < i* . ;,. 
 
 The Hon. Sir E. P. Tachd, M.L.C., Receiver-General and Minister of Militia. 
 
 „ John A. McDonald, M.P.P., Attorney-General (U. Canada). 
 
 „ G. E. Cartier, M.P.P., Attorney-General (L. Canada). 
 
 „ George Brown, M. P.P., President of Executive Council 
 
 „ O. Mowait; M.P. P., Postmaster-General. ". '' 
 
 „ A. T. Gait, M.P.P., Minister of Finance. 
 
 „ T. D. McGee, M.P.P., Minister of Agriculture. ' 
 
 „ VVm. McDougaii, M.F. P., Provincial Secretary. 
 
 „ Alex. Campbell, M.LC, Commissioner of Crown Lands. 
 
 „ Q. C. Chappais, M.P.P., Commissioner of Public Works. 
 
 „ L. H. Langevin, M.P.P., Solicitor-General (L. Canada). 
 
 ,, James Cockburn i\i P.P., Solicitor General (U. Canada). 
 
 "••.^■;i 
 
 .* .1 
 
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^(^ 
 
 OF THE BRITISH NORTH AMERICAN PROVINCES, 
 
 IS 
 
 80 im- 
 
 For Nava Scolia, 
 Idc Hoil. Clmrlm TuppiT, M.IM', Provincial Sicirtary. 
 , .„ William A. llciirv, Ml' 1', Attoriii'V-t'oiieral. 
 
 . „ Jo. Milullv.M.L.V. 
 
 Kolit II Dukev, MIX'. 
 A. G. Archibulil. Ksq., M.IM' 
 
 For New nniiHwick, 
 
 The Hon. S. I, 'lilli-v. M.IM'., Provincial aiicl t'i'iaiicial Sccri-t»iv 
 W. II. .st.vvts, M.I.C, M KX 
 „ J. M Johnson, .M.IM'. .Vtiorncv-Ciciicial. 
 
 I'. Miichrll, M.I.C. .M.H.C 
 „ K li. ( JMnillor, M.L.C 
 
 „ Liiut.-Col. .lohn II. (iniv. .Ml'.I'. 
 
 „ Chas. Fi.'.lKr. M.l'.r. 
 
 For Nc'wlbun<llan(l, 
 F. H. r. Carter, Esii, MP. P. 
 John AnibroBc .Shea, Fsq., M. P. P. 
 
 For Prince Kdwaid Island. 
 Col. the Hon, J. II (iray. M.P.P 
 'I'lii' Hon. K. Palmer. Anorncv-drncral. 
 
 W. II. Popo. Provincial .Sccri-larv. 
 „ A. A. McDonald, M l.C. 
 „ (icorfie Coles, M.P.P. 
 
 „ r. U. Ilavilnmi, .M.P.P. 
 
 „ Edward Whelan, .M.P.P. 
 
 <'A»«n». 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Copy of a DESPATCH from IIi.« (Jracc the Duke of Xf.wc.asti.i;, K.CJ., to tin' 
 Earl of Mt.uiHAVE, referred to <it /mirf ;i. 
 
 (No. 182.) 
 
 My Loud, Downiiiir Strett, 6tli July, \^()J. 
 
 I HAVE duly reccivc<l your LorHship's Despatch, No. 47, of the 21st of .May, accom- 
 panied hy a copy of a Ilesolutiou which was pa-^sed in the House of .\sseml)Iy on tlie l.")th 
 of April 1861, relative to an amaloamation of part or all of the Mritish Provinces in North 
 America. The Resolution points out that the question might he considered either of 
 a distinct union of the Maritime i'rovinces or of a general union of them with Canada, 
 and suggests that it might be desirable upon so important a subject to ascertain the 
 policy of Her Majesty's (Jovernment, and to promote a consultation between the leading 
 men of the Colonies. 
 
 Your Lordship explains that for various reasons your (iovermnent were of opinion 
 that it would be inexpedient to act on this Resolution last year, but that they now wish 
 it to be brought under consideration. 
 
 No one can be insensible to the importance of the two measures whicli are alluded to, 
 and I am far from considering that they do not form a very proper subject fl)r calm 
 deliberation. They are, however, of a nature which renders it especially fit that if either 
 of them be proposed for adoption, it should emanate in the rirst instance from the 
 Provinces, and should be concurred in by all of them which it would atlect. I should 
 see no objection to any consultation on the subject amono>t the leading members of the 
 Governments concerned. But whatever the •.osult of such consultation might be, the 
 most satisfactory mode of testing the opinion of the people of British Xortli .America 
 would probably be by means o*' Resolution, or Address, proposed in Legislature 
 
 of each Province by its own Government. 
 
 Beyond this expression of the views of Her Majesty's Government as to the prelimi- 
 nary steps which might , be taken towards the decision of this great question, 1 am not 
 prepared to announce any course of policy, upon an invitation proceeding from one only 
 of the British North American Provinces, and contained in a Resolution of so general 
 ana vague a character as that which you have transmitted to me. But if a union, either 
 partial or complete, should hereafter be proposed with the concurrence of all the 
 
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 H rOURKSPONnilNCE RESPKCTING THE PROPOSED UNION, tec. 
 
 Provinces to l)c united, I urn sure that tlic mutter would l)C weighed in this country 
 both In- tlie publie, hy Parliament, and by Her Mnjestv's Govemuient, with no other 
 lieling than nn anxiety to diseem and promote any course which might be the most 
 conducive to the prosperity, the strength, and the harmony of all the Hritish communities 
 in Nortli America. 
 
 % . I liave, &c, 
 
 The Hurl of Mulpravc, % ' (Signed) NEWCASTLE. 
 
 &c. &c. *c. ^' 
 
 
 
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