IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 //^.*^5^ 
 
 1.0 ^Ki I2£ 
 
 1.1 ='^'" 
 
 u 
 
 ttuu 
 
 
 -► 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
 -/ 
 
 23 WIST MAM STRUT 
 
 WnSTIR,N.Y. USM 
 
 (716) •72-4503 
 
 4^ 
 
 MMi 
 
CIHM/ICMH 
 
 Microfiche 
 
 Series. 
 
 CIHIVi/iCIVIH 
 Collection de 
 m 
 
 Canadian Institute for Historicai Microreproductlont / Inttitut Canadian da microraproductiona historiquas 
 
Technical and Bibliographic Notas/Notas tachniques at bibliographiquas 
 
 Tha Instituta has attamptad to obtain tha bast 
 original copy availabia for filming. Faaturas of this 
 copy which may ba bibliographically uniqua, 
 which may altar any of tha imagas in tha 
 reproduction, or which may significantly change 
 tha usual method of filming, are checked below. 
 
 rr^ Coloured covers/ 
 j^i Couverture de couleur 
 
 D 
 D 
 D 
 
 Covers damaged/ 
 Couverture endommagda 
 
 Covers restored and/or laminated/ 
 Couverture restaurte at/ou pellicul6e 
 
 Cover title missing/ 
 
 Le titre de couverture manque 
 
 I — I Coloured maps/ 
 
 D 
 
 Cartas g^ographiquas en couleur 
 
 Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ 
 Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) 
 
 I — I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ 
 
 D 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur 
 
 Bound with other material/ 
 RaliA avac d'autres documents 
 
 Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion 
 along interior margin/ 
 
 La reliure serr6e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la 
 distortion la long de la marge int^rieure 
 
 Blank leaves added during restoration may 
 appear within the text. Whenever possible, these 
 have been omitted from filming/ 
 II se peut que certainas pages blanches ajouttes 
 iors d'une restauration apparaissant dans la taxte, 
 mais. lorsque cela Atait possible, ces pages n'ont 
 pas At6 filmtes. 
 
 Additional comments:/ 
 Commentaires supplAmantairas: 
 
 L'Institut a microfilm^ ie meilleur exemplaira 
 qu'il lui a AtA possible de se procurer. Les details 
 de cet exemplaira qui sont paut-Atre uniques du 
 point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier 
 une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une 
 modification dans la m^thoda normala de filmage 
 sont indiqufo ci-dessous. 
 
 p~| Coloured pages/ 
 
 D 
 
 Pages de couleur 
 
 Pages damaged/ 
 Pages endommagtes 
 
 □ Pages restored and/or laminated/ 
 Pages restaurtes et/ou pellicultos 
 
 □ Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ 
 Pages d^coiortes, tachettos ou piqutes 
 
 □ Pages detached/ 
 Pages d6tach6es 
 
 Showthrough/ 
 Transparence 
 
 Quality of prir 
 
 Quality in6gale de I'impression 
 
 Includes supplementary matarif 
 Comprend du material supplAmantaira 
 
 Only edition available/ 
 Seule Edition disponible 
 
 I I Showthrough/ 
 
 I — I Quality of print varies/ 
 
 I I Includes supplementary material/ 
 
 I — I Only edition available/ 
 
 D 
 
 Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata 
 slips, tissues, etc., have been ref limed to 
 ensure the best possible image/ 
 Les pages totalement ou partiallement 
 obscurcies par un fauillet d'errata, une pelure, 
 etc., ont tti filmtes A nouveau de fapon A 
 obtenir la meilleure image possible. 
 
 This item is filmed at tha reduction ratio checked below/ 
 
 Ce document est film* au taux da reduction indiqu* ci-dessous. 
 
 10X 
 
 
 
 
 14X 
 
 
 
 
 itx 
 
 
 
 
 22X 
 
 
 
 
 26X 
 
 
 
 
 30X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 J 
 
 
 
 12X 
 
 
 
 
 16X 
 
 
 
 
 20X 
 
 
 
 
 24X 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 
 28X 
 
 
 
 
 aax 
 
 AH 
 
 HMMMMWi 
 
 IliP" 
 
The copy filmed here hes been reproduced thanks 
 to the generosity of: 
 
 Library of Congress 
 Photoduplication Service 
 
 The images appearing here are the best quality 
 possible considering the condition and legibility 
 of the original copy and in Iceoping with the 
 filming contract specifications. 
 
 Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed 
 beginning with the front cover and ending on 
 the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- 
 sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All 
 other original copies are filmed beginning on the 
 first page with a printed or illustrated impres- 
 sion, and ending on the last page with a printed 
 or illustrated impression. 
 
 The last recorded frame on each microfiche 
 shall contain the symbol -*> (meaning "CON- 
 TINUED"), or the symbol ▼ (meaning "END"), 
 whichever applies. 
 
 IVIaps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at 
 different reduction ratios. Those too large to be 
 entirely included in one exposure are filmed 
 beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to 
 right and top to bottom, as many frames as 
 required. The following diagrams illustrate the 
 method: 
 
 L'exemplaire flimA fut reproduit grAce A la 
 gAnArositA de: 
 
 Library of Congress 
 Photoduplication Service 
 
 Las images suivantes ont M reprodultes avec le 
 plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et 
 de la nettetA de l'exemplaire fiimA, et en 
 conformity avec ies conditions du contrat de 
 filmage. 
 
 Lea exemplaires orlginaux dont la couverture en 
 papier est ImprimAe sont filmAs en commenpant 
 par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la 
 dernlAre page qui comporte une empreinte 
 d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second 
 plat, salon le cas. Tous ies autres exemplaires 
 orlginaux sont filmte en commenpant par la 
 pramlAre page qui comporte une empreinte 
 d'impreaalon ou d'illustration et en terminant par 
 la derniAre page qui comporte une telle 
 empreinte. 
 
 Un dea symboles suivants apparaftra sur la 
 dernlAre image de cheque microfiche, seion le 
 cas: le aymbole — ► signlfie "A SUIVRE", le 
 symbole ▼ signifie "FIN". 
 
 Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre 
 filmAs i dee taux de rMuction diff Arents. 
 Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre 
 reproduit en un seul clichA, 11 est film* A partir 
 de I'angle sup4rieur gauche, de gauche h droite, 
 et de haut en baa, en prenant le nombre 
 d'images nAcessalre. Les dlagrammes suivants 
 illustrent la methods. 
 
 1 2 3 
 
 32X 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
i; '^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 i^'':^^'. 
 
 
 
 F»RpOEEPmQ3 - 
 
 ■ • OF *HB' ■ ' " ' 
 
 dALIFdRNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 
 
 ,; K-'u 
 
 ;V-" 
 
 Third Series. 
 
 i '.*■'■ 
 
 h::.s 
 
 Zoology. 
 
 Vol. I," No. 9. 
 
 :-<i>^^-^'-,^V*-M-<:/:^''"'-^-: 
 
 V- ,».i,. ..V, I 
 
 
 m:- 
 
 .tid:iv'; 
 
 *^ ' ' 4.,'' ■■'■ 1 '"""/;• vi n.vi *■'"". 
 
 .^'... 
 
 
 ■: > 
 
 ^;>;:s;-''^-.' 
 
 1 ■* . , 
 
 •.-'.<*'' ■„-.; 
 
 ^/■,^;V ■ 
 
 '-.■■'■'■• .'ii'"- 
 
 Hi ■'/? ■ 
 
 
 ■'1 f-' 
 
 Ciollectlans; with Particular R^^ 
 
 
 .'."■''»■' K, 
 
 , -e^.^-Jb v.- 
 
 to the North American Fauna. 
 
 :':--A 
 
 
 ■r•;■:.^.^,M 
 
 
 IX. 
 
 BY . 
 
 
 .V*- 
 
 
 :m- 
 
 
 ^um':r 
 
 
 ■^■■i .;■ 
 
 
 
 Ir-;'t^> 
 
 "■^'JT-T'''^: 
 
 ■C.: 
 
 
 t -s^ ; 
 
 
 THOMAS H. MONtaOMERY,. JRm PH.D., 
 
 ; t4cturtrin Ziuloiy, Unib*rti[lf ^ Pumtylimitia. 
 
 ■,>^ ■■+■ '. .■■/:*■-■ "t^. -■' -I- . -'■ 
 
 .•' ':■■'. ■ •:".••■■'; WitH'Two Pmots: ■ ■■'. ' ■■,■■•" 
 
 ■ ,;■' \^' .'■'■'/' \' \'- san'^rAncisco :' - 
 
 , I / • ' [■ 'Published m the Academy^ 
 
 -v.. r 
 
 
 
 ^e^:^ 
 
 
 
 
 t'u 
 
 .'fK- iK 
 

 
 
 '<i:^$^'^'^^'M-^- 
 
 '^ij 
 
 PUBLICATION COMMITTEE. 
 
 William E. Rittbr, Chairman. 
 
 Pavid S. Jordan, 
 
 Q. ff t^mpotLD, 
 
 ft.-- 
 
 
 ' ;'■:'^■;•■T^;ly. , 
 
 EDITORS OF ZOOLOqjCAL PUBLICATIONS. 
 David S. Jordan, " V^ii*uam E- Ritter. 
 
 
 ifV., 
 
 i*-^^_.v:*\,n;;^ 
 
 ■^"'^•'■4i[ 
 
 
 . / 
 
 
 ^ • 
 
 
 7* 
 
 <A.. :■■ 
 
 
 
 i- 
 
 ■ - 
 
 
 ■iA 
 
 4 /, ;. 
 
 
 j'.. ^ >-, ,E...)^_ '. ^ ^?aife^-i 
 
I 
 
 i.' ■ ( 
 
 'V, ■' ■ 
 
 ^v, 
 
 V ' ' 
 
 
 '' . 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 '^\t'- 
 
 
 
 ■":'■-■ ■ • .' ' 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 A^^^:^^,':.\ 
 
 R. 
 
 
 y 
 
' ^^i^ < i^ m u!iS!m ii p li ii^ im! I m iw ^m »^ "' '1 
 
 PROOBBDINOS 
 
 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 
 
 Third Series. 
 
 Zoology. 
 
 Vol. I, No. 9. 
 
 The Gordiacea of Certain American 
 
 Collections, with Particular Reference 
 
 to the North American Fauna. 
 
 II. 
 
 BY 
 
 THOMAS H. MONTGOMERY, JR., PH.D., 
 
 Lttturtr in Zatlagy, Viiiotrtify tf Ptmuyhmnia. 
 
 With Two Platbs. 
 
 Issued October t», 1898. 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO: 
 
 PUBLUHBD BY THB ACADBHV. 
 189& 
 
 V. 
 
 j.m.-jiiMiiiiiiiittiiJJ i m i -i'MU-nin ii Mm i i'-'Ji " "■ 
 
 iitiiWiii/-^' ■yrrrr 
 
 i 
 
 ! 
 

 
 1.1^ 
 
 ^v 
 
 THE GORDIACEA OF CERTAIN AMERICAN 
 COLLECTIONS, WITH PARTICULAR REF- 
 ERENCE TO THE NORTH AMERICAN 
 
 FAUNA.— II. * 
 
 BY THOMAS H. MONTGOMERY, JR., PH. D., 
 Ltclmrtr im Zt«U g r> Univmitf »f Puuuylvanm, 
 
 Plates XIX and XX. 
 
 The present paper deals with Gordiacea, principally of 
 California, and with a few specimens from neighboring 
 regions (Baja California, Arizona, Nevada, and Mexico). 
 The fauna of California has been heretofore but little 
 known, so that the comparatively large number of speci- 
 mens from that locality which have been offered to me for 
 study have a special interest. In a previous contribution * 
 Gordiacea were described by me from other portions of 
 North America. 
 
 The following collections are herein described : that of 
 the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco; of 
 the University of California; and of Stanford Uni- 
 versity, California. For the opportunity to study these col- 
 lections, my thanks are due to Dr. Gustav Eisen of the 
 California Academy of Sciences, and to Prof. Henry B. 
 Ward of the University of Nebraska. 
 
 Appended to this paper is a Key for the determination of 
 the species of Gordiacea on the North American continent, 
 north of Mexico. While this key may serve to determine 
 with rapidity certain species, it must be noted that some of 
 them, and particularly the females of Gordius and Chor- 
 dodes, can only be satisfactorily determined by means of 
 sections and of portions of the cuticle cleared in glycerine 
 or some clearing oil (I am accustomed to clear them in 
 cedar oil, after dehydration, and to study them mounted in 
 Canada bakam). For descriptions of species which are 
 
 I BvU. Mm. Conpar. ZooL, Uarrard Univenity, April, i8g8. 
 
 L333J 
 
 Oct. 1, 1898. 
 
 ifi^ 
 
 liMMiiMiiiii 
 
 wmmmm 
 
 •flWfSl 
 
 i 
 
II 
 
 _ -J! 
 
 334 
 
 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY Of SCIENCES. [Proc. 3D Sbh. 
 
 here mentioned only briefly, the reader is referred to my 
 previous paper, 1. c. In this Key the females of Gordius 
 aquaticus difficilis, G. longareolatus, n. sp., Chordodes puer- 
 ilis, and the male of C. morgani find a place, though I have 
 seen only the males of the first three mentioned, and the 
 female of the last; this was done with the assumption that 
 the cuticular characters of the two sexes are similar in 
 these forms. 
 
 It is here shown that Chordodes gordioides Montg. is 
 identical with C. occidentalis Montg. 
 
 z. Gordius longareolatus, sp. nov. 
 
 Type.—Qo^. Cal. Acad. Sci.: i <S , San Francisco, Cal, Sept. 10, 1896. 
 
 /bTM.— Of equal diameter in its whole length, nearly cylindrical, with faint 
 median grooves. Head end (fig. i) conically rounded, the tip slightly con- 
 stricted off, mouth ventral (on the ventral side of the white tip of the head). 
 Tail lobes (figs, i, 3) short, thick, nearly parallel, terminally rounded. Their 
 point of bifurcation (on the ventral surface) is at a distance from the oval 
 cloacal aperture about equal to the length of the lobes. Each lobe is approx- 
 imately cylindrical, except on its median surface which is concave ; this con- 
 cavity is deepest nearest the posterior end of the lobes and is bounded by a 
 sharp line. The cloacal aperture is situated upon a slightly elevated papilla ; 
 firom this papilla to the point of bifurcation of the tail lobes extends a deep 
 groove( deepest caudad). The area around the cloacal aperture, and extend- 
 ing caudad to about the point of bifurcation of the tail lobes, is covered with 
 numerous, minute, conical spines. 
 
 C»/tV^.— With elevated areoles of elongate form, their longitudinal axes 
 parallel to that of the body (fig. 4). The areoles do not produce particular 
 longitudinal rows, though everywhere the spaces which separate them are 
 about equal in length. They are darker than the intermediate portions of 
 the cuticle. Most of them are several times longer than broad, with nearly 
 parallel margins ; a smaller number are shorter and thicker, but even these 
 are somewhat elongate. On cross section of the body (fig. 5) the areoles are 
 seen to be hyaline and homogeneous, their darker, denser bases sunk into 
 the surface of the fibrous cuticle. On section they show a rounded-conical 
 form, without any median groove. No hairs lie between the areoles, but 
 wklely separated from one another are found a few hyaline, finger-shaped 
 processes, of slightly greater elevation than the areoles ; such processes have 
 heretofore been noticed by me only in the genus Chordodes. 
 
 Coftw.— Deep olive brown, slightly iridescent ; the tip of the head white. 
 
 iMfNtfiwibfU.— Length, 115 mm.; greatest diameter, 0.5 mm. 
 
 «^ 
 

 '«^ 
 
 ,^»«». 
 
 ZooL.— Vol. i.] 
 
 MONTGOMER Y—COKPIACEA. 
 
 335 
 
 Comparison. — The only other Gordiacea with longitudi- 
 nally arranged elongate areoles are G. raphaelis, alfredi, 
 and latastei oi Camerano, and G, abbreviatus ViWoV, but 
 all of these differ from G. longareolatus in having the 
 areoles longitudinally grooved. 
 
 a. Gordius aquaticns Linn, 
 
 CoU. Cat. Acad. Sci.: 2 i i , City of Mexico; 2 S 6 , Berkeley, Cal., winter 
 of 1891. Coll. Univ. of Cal.: i , Berkeley, Cal., January, 1895. 
 
 These are the only specimens as yet seen by me of the 
 true aguaticus from North America ; in all of them the white 
 spots (figs. 13, 14) are clearly marked on the surface of 
 the cuticle and may be seen with a low-power hand lens. 
 
 3. Gordius tquatictts robustus {Leidy.) 
 
 Coll. Cal. Acad. Sci. : $ , San Francisco, Cal. ; $ , Berkeley, Cal. Coll. Univ. 
 Cal.: 9, Berkeley, Cal., January, 1895. 
 
 The largest specimen measured 590 mm. 
 
 This is the form, corresponding to G. robustus Leidy, 
 which has been regarded by me (1. c.) as a mere variety 
 of the preceding, from which it differs merely in the absence 
 of the white cuticular spots. In the true European aguati- 
 cus the white spots are present in most individuals, accord- 
 ing to the description of Rdmer'; while in specimens of 
 robustus from the eastern United States (from Kansas east- 
 ward) I have never found these spots, though I have studied 
 one or two hundred specimens. Westward of California 
 occurs the true aguaticus, eastward the aguaticus robustus, 
 while in California the two appear to overlap. If white- 
 spotted specimens be subsequently found in any number 
 from the eastern United States, then aguaticus robustus can 
 no longer be retained as a separate subspecies ; but with 
 the facts at hand we are justified in assigning it that 
 position. 
 
 > Beitrag car SyttematUc dcr Gordiiden Abh. ScckcnberK. Om., Bd; XXin, 1896. 
 
 
 i !ifij).i| l !l | l l Wtt* H«ll>W«W! aW«lll»'!H. I 
 
 mmummmm 
 
336 
 
 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. [P«OC. 3D Sbk. 
 
 4. Gorditts densareolatns Montg. 
 
 Coll. Cal. Acad. Sci. : i , Lake, San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 The posterior end of this specimen was as in the type 
 (cf. Montgomery, 1. c), except that there was only a slight 
 precloacal groove. 
 
 In my first description of this species (1. c.) the cuticle 
 of the female only was described. I have since re-examined 
 the type of the male (Montana, Leidy coll., No. 5063) and 
 find the cuticle in general like that of the female, except 
 that the areoles show less tendency to confluence and are 
 more rounded in outline. 
 
 >»>^ 
 
 5. Paragordins yarius {Leidy.) 
 
 Coll. Cal. Acad. Sci.: 3 J J , 3 v $, San Jos^ del Cabo, Baja Cal., July, 
 1896; $, St. Helena, Napa Co., Cal. Coll. Stanford Univ., collected by 
 C. H. Gilbert: 5 $ $, Napa Creek, Calistoga, Napa Co., Cal., May 31, 
 
 1897. 
 
 This appears to have the broadest range of any North 
 American species, extending completely across the conti- 
 nent, and, according to Camerano, into South America. 
 
 In the females the tail lobes may be either parallel or 
 divergent, so that they are probably opened and closed by 
 muscular action ; while in the males of this genus and of 
 Gordius these lobes appear to be to great extent independ- 
 ent of such action. 
 
 6. Chordodes occidentalis Montg. 
 
 Coll. Univ. Cal. : 4 , $, Berkeley, Cal. Coll. Stanford Univ., collected by 
 C. H. Gilbert:' it3 S J. 43 $ $, Napa Creek, Calistoga, Napa Co., Cal.. 
 May 31, 1897. Coll. Cal. Acad. Sd. : 2 $ ?, i 4 , Haywards, Alameda 
 Co., Cal.; I $, Alameda Co., Cal.; 2 4 S , 2 $ $. Santa Rosa Isl., Cal.; 
 4 $ $, Sierra el Taste, Baja Cal.; i ?, St. Helena, Napa Co., Cal.; 1 ? 
 Kings River, Fresno Co., Cal.; i S , Lime Point, Marin Co., CaL; i S, 
 San Miguel de Comondu, Baja Cal.; i $,5 i i , locality not marked, but 
 probably fi-om California ; i $ , Batde Mountain, Nevada. 
 
 A careful examination of this large number of specimens 
 shows that the Chordodes gordloides Montg. of my preced- 
 ing paper was based upon immature specimens of C. occi- 
 dentalis Montg., so that gordioides is not a tenable species. 
 
 tmmmmmm 
 
 TE?r 
 
 • vmijfffi-x.r, ' raawwwWi 
 
ZooL.— Vol. i.] 
 
 MONTGOMER Y—GORD/ACEA. 
 
 337 
 
 ^m^ 
 
 Owing to the great amount of individual variation afforded 
 by these specimens from California (123 ^ j>55 9 ^ ,) ^ 
 description of them is necessary, and this description may 
 be compared with that of occidentalis and ^* gordioides*^ 
 given in my preceding contribution. 
 
 Form.—Th& form of the male has already been described and figured, so 
 that it is only necessary to note that the anterior portion of the body is the 
 most slender, the head (fig. 10) pointed, and the body either cylindrical or 
 flattened (depending upon the state of development of the genital products). 
 The females resemble the males in general form, and in them also the ante- 
 rior portion (fig. 6) is the most slender, they are stouter than the males ; the 
 posterior end (figs. 9, 13) is enlarged and more or less knob-shaped as in all 
 females of this genus ; seen from the ventral surface (fig. 23) this posterior 
 end appears disc-shaped, with the cloacal aperture in its centre. 
 
 C»/i<r/^.— Thirty-two specimens were examined, cleared in cedar oil, and 
 transverse sections were made of twenty-four of them. These preparations, 
 with those which formed the basis of my previous descriptions, show how 
 variable the configuration of the cuticle is in this form, and present all inter- 
 mediate phases between the figs. 115-117, PI. XV, of C. occidentalis of my 
 previous description, and figs. jo6, 107, PI. XIII, 1. c, of C. '■^ gordioidei" 
 and leave no doubt that the latter is only the young of the preceding. 
 
 On surface view the areoles may be irregularly polygonal and well sepa- 
 rated from one another, or they may be elongate and confluent so as to pro- 
 duce transverse rows (figs. 7, 13-30). The areoles of the same individual 
 may be all of the same color, which appears to be usually the case, or groups 
 (of a few each) of larger areoles may be darker than the others (fig. 18). The 
 cuticle of one specimen had the appearance of that of Gordius pUskei Camer. , 
 owing to the incrustation of minute dirt particles between the areoles (fig. 13). 
 Small, refractive, circular or oval pits occur in varying number on the cuticle ; 
 they lie for the main part between areoles, sometimes on their surfaces ; their 
 most fi^uent mode of occurrence is between two areoles which together 
 present a dumb-bell shape ; their number varies greatly, and they are found 
 either singly, in pairs, or in threes (figs. 7, 15-20). 
 
 On transverse section (figs. 8, 11, 31, 33) the areoles are usually of the 
 same height but varying diameter in the same individual, but are never as 
 high as long, though in the males they are usually higher than in the females ; 
 they are either close together or well separated. In a few specimens, as in 
 the type first figured, tower areoles with irregularly serrated summits lie 
 between the higher ones, but such a relation was found in only three or four 
 cases. Between the areoles, occurring only at wide distances, are delicate 
 finger-shaped or clut>-shaped hyaline processes, of greater height than the 
 areoles. In a few specimens were noticed hyaline processes of a stcdt coni- 
 cal form, sunk into the summits of certain of the areoles (fig. 23). In some 
 males a cupn^haped depression occurs on the summits of a few of the areoles. 
 
 The circular or oval pits seen on sur&ce views are found on section (fig. 8) 
 to represent structures, the like of which has not yet been described for any 
 Gordiacean ; they were overlooked in my description of the type spedmen, 
 
 i«^^ ' :j'-,yi^y!i^^i'i-^"' ' " •' "•"'•"* 'i--^^ssiur 
 
 ~^:**.»ii(i 
 
 'flf«*i^i*'" ■■^■.'- 
 
 mmn 
 
■-mim»mmi!i^^ 
 
 yWJtiyti»jU|WiJi!fP |^^ 
 
 338 
 
 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. [Proc. 30 Ssm. 
 
 owing to their paucity in that individual, but I have found them on re-exam- 
 ination. They were largest and most abundant in a large female, and appeared 
 to be absent in only three specimens. Each pit has the form of a sack of 
 spherical or ovoid shape (some are flattened parallel to the surfece of the cuti- 
 cle), with an exterior opening on the surface of the cuticle ; the length of 
 these sacks varies from about one-fourth to two-fifths the diameter of the 
 cuticle. On section it would appear that almost all of them lie between 
 arcoles, sunk into the fibrous cuticle, though on sur&ce view they frequently 
 seem to lie on the summits of areoles. The outline of each pit is rounded 
 and sharply demarcated, though no special limiting membrane appears to be 
 present. In each lie two (rarely three) refractive spines, which are usually 
 sitiuted vertical to the siuiace of the cuticle, but in some cases parallel to it. 
 Each spine is somewhat rod-shaped, thickest basally, the base obtusely 
 rounded and usually in close contact with the wall of the pit. At its distal 
 end each spine has a short, pointed process which projects out of the narrow 
 opening of the pit ; the longitudinal axis of this pointed portion does not 
 always coincide with that of the basal portion. Thus these spines are some- 
 what similar in form to the central stilets (with their bases) of the Metane- 
 mertean proboscis. 
 
 Color. — The males vary from a light yellowish, through rufous or chocolate 
 or olive-brown, to a nearly pitch black color, smaller individuals being usually 
 but not always lighter than larger ones. In most of them the anterior portion 
 of the body is lighter than the posterior ; the head is lightest in color, very 
 frequendy yellowish white, while the rest of the body is chocolate-brown. 
 Just behind the light, head portion is usually a more or less pronounced dark 
 neck ring, which is seldom wholly absent. The females averse much 
 lighter in color than the males, and are usually a yellowish or yellowish 
 brown color ; a few are a dark olive-brown, but none are black. In them, 
 too, there is usually a darker neck ring, and often a brownish area around 
 the doacal aperture. In both sexes the mouth aperture is usually marked 
 by a small black spot, easily seen with a hand lens : thus of the 154 individ- 
 uals collected on the same day at the same locality (coU. Stanford University), 
 96 males showed this spot, 15 males were without it, and in a males die 
 whole head was black ; and all the 43 females showed the spot. The black 
 mouth spot would thus appear to be pretty constant (though it was absent 
 in the type specimens of this species). 
 
 DinuHSums.—\MC%<eiA male, 460 mm.; largest female, 420 mm. 
 
 Comparison. — C. gordioides Montg. becomes a synonym 
 of this species. This species differs from C. bedriaga and 
 C. fardalis Camer. , to which the configuration of its cuti- 
 cle appears to be otherwise quite similar, in the presence 
 of the remarkable cuticular pits, the structure of which, 
 however, can only be determined by sections. Such pits 
 have never heretofore been described : but clear, rounded 
 cavities situated just below tubercles or aeroles of the cuticle 
 
 'Sa r** 
 
 ■-^ »- 
 
 iMHMiMM 
 
ZooL.— Vol. 1.] 
 
 MONTGOMER Y— GORDIA CEA. 
 
 339 
 
 ' S* !** 
 
 would seem to be frequent in Chordodes, at least I find 
 them in my species of C. morgani, C. puerilis, and C. albi- 
 barbatus, though not in C.furnessi. 
 
 General diagnostic characters. — The union of the follow- 
 ing characters serves to distinguish this from any other 
 North American form: the low aeroles with the remark- 
 able interareolar pits, the attenuation of the anterior portion 
 of the body, and the black mouth spot. The females of 
 this species may easily be mistaken for females of G. den- 
 sareolatus Montg., since in some specimens of the former 
 the interareolar pits may be very few in number (or entirely 
 wanting ?). But the form of the posterior end is a good 
 distinguishing character : in the female of C. occidentalis it 
 is enlarged — somewhat knob-shaped, while in the female 
 of G. densareolatus it is not of greater size than the preced- 
 ing portion of the body ; there is at least no difficulty in 
 distinguishing them when one has a series of specimens of 
 both before him. 
 
 ■^ ►• 
 
 Key to the Species of Gordiacea of the North 
 American Continent, North of Mexico. 
 
 I. Posterior end trilobed Paragordius varius (Lbidy), $ . 
 
 II. Posterior end bilobed, spirally inrolled..(/)iraj'<wdrfW and Gordius, i 6), 
 
 A. A sharp, V-shaped cuticular ridge behind the cloacal aperture. 
 
 a. The cuticle dotted with viWX&si^Xs.. Gordius aguaticus Linn., i . 
 
 b. The cuticle not dotted with white spots. 
 
 1. A parabolic line of hairs on the tail lobes. 
 
 G. a. difficilis Montg., i . 
 
 2. No line of hairs on the tail lobes ..G, a. robustus (Lbidy), i . 
 
 B. No sharp, V-shaped cuticular ridge behind the cloacal aperture. 
 
 a, A iongitudhial line of long hairs on each side of the cloacal 
 
 aperture ..G. lineatus Leidy, i . 
 
 b. No line of long hairs on each side of the cloacal aperture. 
 
 1. Head end obliquely truncated. 
 
 Paragordius varius (Lbidy), i . 
 
 2. Head end not obliquely truncated. 
 
 a. Conical spicules behind the cloacal aperture. 
 I. Tail lobes short, nearly conical. 
 
 Gordius densareolatus Montg., i . 
 3. Tail lobes neariy cylindrical. 
 
 G. longareolatustllovriG., i . 
 
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. [P»oc. 3D Sbr. 
 
 *. No conical spicules behind the cloacal aperture. 
 
 G. pla/ycepAalus MouTG., S. 
 Posterior end not lobed, spirally inroUed, with a depression or 
 groove on its ventral surface, narrower than preceding portion 
 of body (Chordodes, S i). 
 
 A. Cuticular areoles longer than high, on and between them small 
 
 circular pits Chordodes occidentalis Montg., <J . 
 
 B. Cuticular areoles higher than long. 
 
 a. Spines on the summits of the highest papillae. 
 
 C. pueritis Montg., .5 . 
 
 b. No spines on the summits of the highest papilke. 
 
 C. morgani Montg., i . 
 
 . Posterior end not lobed, not spirally inroUed. 
 
 A. Posterior end not noticeably enlarged (Gordius, ? ? ). 
 
 a. With elevated cuticular areoles on the whole sur&ce of the 
 body. 
 I. With paired dark stripes in the median lines. 
 
 Gordius leidyi Montg., ? . 
 a. No dark stripes in the median lines. 
 
 Areoles elongated in the long axis of the body, well 
 
 separated G. longareolatus Montg., ? . 
 
 *. Areoles not elongated in the long axis of the body. 
 1. Areoles closely apposed, tending to produce 
 
 longitudinal ridges G. lineatus Lbidv. ? . 
 
 a. Areoles more or less confluent, tending to pro- 
 duce transverse rows, head usuaJly cylin- 
 drical G. densareolaitts Montg., ? . 
 
 3. Areoles usually separated, interareolar groups 
 of fine hairs, head usually flattened. 
 
 G. platycephtUus Montg., $. 
 *. Without elevated cuticular areoles on the whole surface of the 
 body. 
 I. No cuticular areoles. 
 
 a. Cuticle dotted with white spots. .C aquaticus Linn., ?. 
 *. Cuticle without white spots. ..G. a. robuslus (Lbidy), ? . 
 a. Cuticular areoles at the ends of the body only. 
 
 G. a. difficilis Montg., $ . 
 Posterior end swollen, somewhat knob-shaped, slightly con- 
 stricted off.. (Chordodes, ? ?). 
 
 Cuticular areoles longer than high, on and between them 
 
 small circular pits Chordodes occidentalis, Montg., $ . 
 
 Cuticular areoles higher than long. 
 I. Spines on the summits of the highest areoles. 
 
 C. puerilis Montg., $ . 
 a. No spines on the summits of the highest areoles. 
 
 C. morgani Montg., 9 . 
 
 Wistar Institute of Anatomy, 
 
 Philadblphia, Pbnnsvlvania., 
 June ao, 1898. 
 
 W 
 

 •'*■»- 
 
 liiiiiii 
 
342 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. [P«oc. 30 8b». 
 
 l:i 
 
 EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIX. 
 
 (All the outlines were drawn with the aid of the camera ludda and a Zete 
 microscope and lenses. The cuticle is represented as seen in Canada bal- 
 sam, after clearance in cedar oil.) 
 
 Gordius lot^areolatus, sp. nov., type. Head end (otq. A, oc. a). 
 
 Idem. Ventral view ofposterior end (idem). 
 
 Idem. Lateral view of the posterior end, the ventral side to the 
 
 left (idem). ^ . ^u v t 
 
 Idem. Surface view of the cuUde, the arrow denoting the hne ot 
 
 the longitudinal axis of the body (obj . C, oc. 4)- 
 Idem. Transverse section of the cuticle (homog. immers. i/ia, 
 
 OC 2) 
 
 Chordodes occidentalis Monto., dorsal view of the head of a female 
 (obj. A, oc. 2). 
 
 Idem. Surface view of the cuticle (obj. C, oc. 4). 
 
 Idem. Transverse section of tiie cuticle (homog. immers. 1/12, oc. 
 4, tube lengtii j8o mm.). . .j . »u 
 
 Idem. Lateral view of the posterior end, the ventral side to the 
 right (obj. A, oc. a). , ^. x. a 
 
 Chordodes occidentalis Montg., male. Lateral view of the head 
 end (obj. A, oc. 2). . 
 
 Idem. Transverse section of tiie cuticle ; in tins figure, as in the 
 following, dirt granules are imbedded between the areoles 
 (homog. immers. 1/12, oc. 2). 
 
 Idem. Surface view of the cuticle (otg. C, oc. 2). 
 
 Gordius aquaticus Linn., male from Berkeley, California. Sur- 
 face view of the cuticle ; the intersecting clear lines transverse 
 the white spots (obg. C, oc. 2). ^ 
 
 Idem. Surface view of tiie body, as seen witii low na^ification 
 (obj. A, oc. 2), to show tiie arrangement of the white spots. 
 The continuous lines represent the outiines of the body, the 
 dotted lines the area to which the drawing was limited. 
 
 Fig. 
 Fig. 
 Fig. 
 
 I. 
 2. 
 
 3- 
 
 Fig. 
 
 4- 
 
 Fig. 
 
 5- 
 
 Fig. 
 
 6. 
 
 Fig. 
 Fig. 
 
 8. 
 
 Fig. 
 
 9- 
 
 Fig. 
 
 10. 
 
 Fig. 
 
 II. 
 
 Fig. 
 Fig. 
 
 12. 
 13- 
 
 Fig. 14 
 
 -.H 
 
•?"?^ 
 
 PRnr„nALAcAiJ,-5cT,3°5EP.Znai,VDi,l 
 
 fM'i:!T:''3^'H':] PIjATE XIX. 
 
 1. 
 
 
 7. 
 
 9. 
 
 \^ 
 
 10. 
 
 MowrcauEiv.ila.. 
 
 S. 
 
 v_/ 
 
 4. 
 
 5. 
 
 6. 
 
 
 11. 
 
 ■ •■.'Htlf.' 
 
 
 
 m 
 
 13. 
 
 ^^^. 
 
 
 ^..A V-- — »•■■ ■■■>>...-■■-' 
 
 t:---' 
 
 12. 
 
 
 
 
 
 ..0..- 
 
 14. 
 
 LlTFU-wmnK 5 tthV, a.i 
 
344 
 
 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. [Piioc. 3D Skr. 
 
 EXPLANATION OF PLATE XX. 
 All figures refer to Califomian specimens of Chordodes occidentalis Montg. 
 
 Figs. 15-30. Surface views of the cuticle of different individuals, fig. 20 from 
 a female, the others from males (obj. C, oc. 4). 
 
 Figs. 21, 33. Transverse sections of the cuticle of a male and a female 
 (homog. immers. i/i3, oc. 3). 
 
 Fig. 33. Female, ventral view of the posterior end (obj. A, oc. a). 
 
r 
 
 0ljK)!Miniiai«<»A^^M'<nk' T 
 
 M 
 
 ^> ^ 
 
 ;a::.Sci.3°5i;r.Zi].i;.V::,I, 
 
 
 21. 
 
 Mam-aaMEiTf. Hel. 
 
 23. 
 
 [MoNTQDMEm'! P: 
 
 
 22. 
 
 ins aiUTTDN « HEY. S.F. 
 
 ■nilililiii 
 
1 
 
 i'l 
 
 '.«rfv>jH..**'*^i 
 
 •WMWMmWHMnMKMa 
 
 iiillM'WII IIWIIili ^HWII 
 
PUBLICATIONS OF THE ACADEMY. 
 
 Continued. 
 
 w 
 
 
 PROCEEDINGS (Octavo). 
 
 FIRST SERIES. 
 
 Vol. I (1854-1857), out of print 
 
 " II (1858-1862), out of print. 
 
 " III (1863-1868), parts I, 2, 3, 4 and 5, out of print. 
 
 " IV (1868-1872), parts I, 2, 3, 4 and 5, part 5 out of print. 
 
 " V (1873-1874), parts I, 2 and 3 W-Jo 
 
 " VI (1875) «•«» 
 
 «' VII (1876), part I (volume complete) »-75 
 
 SECOND SERIES. 
 
 Vol. I (1888), parts I and 2 WSo 
 
 11(1889) 3-50 
 
 " III (1890-1892), parts I and 2 3-5o 
 
 " IV (1893-1894), parts I and 2 3-5o 
 
 V (1895), parts 1 and a 5a> 
 
 " VI (1896) 4-50 
 
 THIRD SERIES. 
 
 Zoology, Vol. I, No. i— Plasmocytes; the Survival of the Centrosomes 
 and Archoplasm of the Nucleated Erythrocytes, as Free and 
 Independent Elements in the Blood of Batrachoseps atten- 
 
 uatus Esch. By Gustav Eisen, ?\i.Xi.. ........ ■■ $1 .00 
 
 Zooloev. Vol. I, No. 2— Diemyctylus torosus ; The Life-Hjstory and 
 
 Habits of the Pacific Coast Newt. By William E. Ritter. .... .50 
 
 Zoology, Vol. I, No. 3— Scientific Names of Latm and Greek 
 
 Derivation. By Walter Miller. ......•• • • • • • • • •; ; •■•■•■■• 35 
 
 Zoology, Vol. I, No. 4— A Genus of Maritime Dolichopodidae New to 
 
 America. By William Morton Wheeler . •••••••.•••;•••••• • »° 
 
 Zoology, Vol. I, No. 5— A Preliminary Account of the Marine Annelids 
 of the Pacific Coast, with Descriptions of New Species. By 
 Herbert P. Johnson, Ph. D. . . ..... ... . ... ... ..;••. • • • • •; ■ • -So 
 
 Zoology. Vol, I, No. 6— Description of a Species of Fish (Mitsukurma 
 owstoni) firom Japan, the Type of a Distinct Family of Lam- 
 
 noid Sharks. By David Starr Jordan . •.•••••••. ; • • • • • • '5 
 
 Zoolog\', Vol. I, No. 7— Arachnida from Baja California and Other 
 
 Parts of Mexico. By Nathan Banks. i.oo 
 
 Zoology, Vol, I, No. 8— The Anatomy of Chelyosoma Productum 
 
 Stimpson. By Frank Watts Bancroft ; ,,....... ,50 
 
 Zoology, Vol, I, No. 9— The Gordiacea of Certain American Col- 
 lections, with particular reference to the North American 
 
 Fauna.— II. By Thomas H. Montgomery Jr., Ph. D... 25 
 
 Zoology, Vol. I, No. 10— Observations on Monogenesis m Metndium. 
 
 By Harry Beal Torrey ;:,•••• v;":v.';Vj"n" ''* 
 
 Geology, Vol. I, No. i— The Geology of Santa Catalina Island. By 
 
 William Sidney Tanper Smith.. ................... •.•.•..• -SP 
 
 Geology, Vol. I, No. 2-The Submerged VaHeys of the Coast of C^i- 
 fomia, U. S. A., and of Lower California, Mexico. By 
 
 George Davidson V >,,• • V-" J ' :i: " * *° 
 
 Geology. Vol. I, No. 3— The Development of Glyphioceras and the 
 
 Phytogeny of the Glyphioceratidae. By James Pemn Smith . . 35 
 Geology, Vol. 1, No. 4— The Development of L,ytoceras and Phyl- 
 
 loceras. By James Perrin Smith . •••••••• V/ : V V ' • "'* 
 
 Botany. Vol. I, No. 1— A Morpholc^ical Study of Naias and Zanni- 
 
 chellia. By Douglas Houghton Campbell........ ...... .... 100 
 
 Botany, Vol. I, No. 2— Studies in the Herbarium and the Field. —No. i. 
 
 By Alice Eastwood •.••••;•••• vv* v;.".V"v; '"' *^ 
 
 Botany, Vol. I. No. 3— Studies in the Herbarium and the Field.— No. 2. 
 
 By Alice Eastwood .*• • ,;-A •;;:■ o " " V" '^ 
 
 Botany. Vol. I. No. 4— Phycological Memoirs. By De Alton Saunders. .75 
 Mathematical-Physical, Vol. I. No. i-On Rational QuadraUc Trans- -j 
 
 formations. By M. W. Haskell . .... 
 
 Mathematical-Physical. Vol. I. No. 2— The Quadratic Cremona I , 
 
 Transformation. By Leonard E. Dickson. ( 
 
 Mathematical-Physical, Vol. 1, No. 3-On Curvihnear Asymptotes. 
 
 By M.W.Haskell .- Ve-" V ^" a 
 
 Mathematical-Physical, Vol. I, No. 4r-Systems of Simple Grouos de- 
 
 rived from tiie Orthogonal Group. By Leonard E. Dickson.. .25 
 
 AlLsubscriptions, applications for exchanges, and inquiries concerning the 
 publications should be addressed to 
 
 J. O'B. GUNN. 
 
 Corresponding Secretary, 
 California Academy of Sciences, 
 ' San Francisco, California. 
 
 ,1 
 
 y ' ' 
 
 uiX-'-iii .~~^ -i..,;.;.