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IN THE YEARS 1819—20. n if''.!*-"''*: v.; CONTAININf; ^:t ji AN ACCOUNT OF THE SUBJECTS OF NATURAL HISTORY. LONDON: JOHN MURRAY. ALBEMARLE- STREET. MUCCCXXIV. „ r . I' i " r J ' 1 . I M'S J' ,1.1 \ L.l- t, ^'■"'n If h ' ' Ul^ LONDON : i'KlNTED BY W. CLOWES, Norihumbfrltnd-Coufi. I HI ■^1 ADVERTISEMENT. Ox returning fem the late Expedition to the Polar Seas, I much regretted to find that the aecount of the Natural Productions collected on the former voyage had not yet been completed. Of the cause of the delay I need not here speak, as it has, in some measure, been explained in the course of the following pages. It ,s only necessary for me, therefore, to repeat my acknowledgments to the respective Writer. of the foUowing Notices, for the trouble they have kindly taken in drawing them up W. E. PARRY. London, December, 1823. i \n '^> 111 ' 'Sipf'"' 1: ■ / C O N T K N T S. Page Mammalia, by Captain Edward Sabine clxxxiii Birds, by Captain Edward Sabine ....;... cxciii Fish, by Captain Edward Sabine • . . ^^j^j Land Invertebrate Animals, by the Rev. William Kirby . . . ccxiv Marine Invertebrate Animals, by Captain Edward Sabine . . ccxix Shells, by John Edward Gray, Esq ccxl Botany, by Robert Brown, Esq. cclix Rock Specimens, by Charles Konig, Esq ccxlvi #rr""li III' 1 t ' 't!'!^' m li >' i|!i I, "I ^'^': r ' * ?■ \ ll< ERRATUM. Pafoccxix, for Invertebrate AiiiniaN read Marine Invertelniifr Animali«. luf o[,'':n <[ :. iii^l APPENDIX X. I ft' NATURAL HISTORY. I t ^ -■^-l'*f 111' I ». •■ I1I4< jf' I |i I if i 1 ■ ;H-- i • ! 1.5 :l ■! : ■■'.Hr-^ > »! ;* .■ i'l ^■^f i MAMMALIA. ppsn •^r' -'h ' N« X. ZOOLOGY. The following account is limited (o a notice of the animals which were met with during the period in which the Expedition remained within the Arctic Circle ; it comprises an enumeration of the well-known species, ac- companied by occasional remarks, and a more extended description of such as are considerc'd to be previously undescribed. I. Ursus Maritimus. Polar Bear. Seen occasionally during the voyage ; frequent on the west coast of Davis' Strait, where they are more numerous than on the eastern siile, being less disturbed by the whalers ; but more rarely met with after the entrance of the ships into the Polar Sea, where seals and walruses which are their favourite ^ood are scarce ; only two bears were seen during the many months in which the Expedition remained at Melville Island, one in October and the other in the A.ugust following. a^ i;! 4- clxxxiv APPENDIX. ' ft I Bitf^ It is mentioned by several authors, but apparently without authority, that the white bear sleeps during the winter in caverns in the ice. Fabricius expressly states the contrary on his own knowledge. The bears which were seen in Melville Island may have passed the winter in the neighbourhood of Barrow's Straits, where it is probable open water may be found in the greater part, if not during the whole, of the year. The weight of this species varies exceedingly according to the condition of the individual ; one killed in the former Expedition weighed above 1,10() pounds ; whereas another which was obtained in the present Voyage, and which was somewhat larger in all its measurements, weighed not quite 900 pounds. The canine teeth arc solitary in the upper, and approximate to the fon? teeth in the under jaw. On the return of the ships through Barrow's Strait, a bear was met with swimming in the water about mid- way between the shores which were about forty miles apart ; no ice was in sight except a small quantity near the land; on the approach of the ships, he appeared alarmed and dived, but rose again speedily ; a circumstance which may seem to confirm the remark of Fabricius, ihat well as the Polar bear swims, it is not able to remain long under water. 2, GuLO Luscus. Woolverene. The skull of a woolverene without the lower jaw was picked up in Melville Island, but the living animal was not met with. Since the return of the Expedition, the skull has been identified with one which is in the museum of the College of Surgeons, marked by the late Mr. John Hunter, as belonging to a woolverene fiom Labrador ; it has also beei: identified with the skull of a woolverene in the collection of Joshua Brookes, esq., which he was so obliging as to cause to be taken out of the skin for the purpose of com- |)ari.son. This animal is therefore enumerated with confidence a^nongst the quadrupeds of the North Georgian Islands, although it is probably of mre ^^^ ,— iv ZOOLOGY. clxxxv occurrence. Mr. Brookes's specimen agrees very well with the description in PenmnVs History of Quadrupeds ; but in the plate the face is scarcely sutti- clently sharp, or pointed. 3. MusTELA Ermimea. Ermine. This species was shot at Possession Bay on the former Expedition, and was seen in the present voyage, on the continuation of the same coiist, further to the southward. It probably does not inhabit the opposite side of Davis' Strait, as it is not noticed among the Greenland quadrupeds by Fabricius. « 4. Cams Lupus. Wolf. Inhabit the North Georgian Islands, and were seen almost daily during the winter, but would not suffer themselves to be approached within gunshot ; they were of a very light colour, and of the full size of a setter dog. Those naturalists, who believe that no animal, in a perfectly natural and wild state, will connect itself with one of a different species, will consider the long-agitated question, of the specific identity of the wolf and dog, as determined by a circumstance of frequent occurrence at Melville Island ; in December and January, which are the months in which wolves are in season, a female paid almost daily visits to the neighbourhood of the ships, and remained until she was joined by a setter dog belonging to one of the officers ; they were usually together from two to three hours, and as they did not go far away unless an endeavour was made to approach them, repeated and decided evidence was obtained of the purpose for which they were thus associated ; as they became more familiar, the absences of the dog were of longer continuance, until at length he did not return, having pro- bably fallen a sacrifice in an encounter with a male wolf; the female, however, continued to visit the ships as before, and enticed a second dog in the same manner, which, after several meetings, returned so severely bitten, as to be disabled for many days. It is believed, that this is the first authenticated instance of an undomes- I'i ! »- ■=4^T, ^ I > .]■.:>' I i"ir' .f. ■1 i ''■ ■ J : 1 ■-• • ? : . 1 m'^' J Ml clxxxvi APPENDIX. I. ' tr^? h iicated wolf having intercourse with a dog; when tamed, it is well known that they will readily breed together. Whatever doubts may have once prevailed, it is now ascertained by the observations of modern naturalists, that neither in conformation, nor in the period of gestation, does any such difference exist between the wolf and dog, as will warrant a specific distinction. The manner of carrying the tail has been considered a difference ; but amongst the Esquimaux dogs which have fallen under the notice of the late and the present expedition, there have been indivi- duals who constantly carried their tails in the manner which was supposed to be peculiar to the wolf; these dogs approach nearer to the wolf in its wild state, than any of the other domesticated varieties ; a young female was pro- cured from the Esquimaux who were communicated with in Davis' Strait on the 7th of September, in the ho])e that by her means the perfect breed might be kept up in this country for the satisfaction of naturalists, a male which was brought to England by the former expedition being still alive ; but she unfortunately disappeared from the Hecla during the detention of the ship in Leith roads to relit, and from subsequent inquiry, it is feared that she has ceased to exist as a living specimen. The only female which was brought home by the former expedition was presented to the Royal Menagerie at Paris, and has furnished the subject of an article in the splendid work of Messrs. Saint Hilaire and Frederic Cuvier, L'Histoire Naturelle des Mammiftrts; from whence the following passage has been extracted, for the purpose of no- ticing an erroneous supposition which it contains, and into which these eminent naturalists have been accidentally misled: — " Nous devons ces precieux Anl- " maux ^ M. Ic docteur Leach, qui, en ayant obtenu une femelle pleine, au " retour de I'exp^dition du Capitaine Ross, a bien voulu nous I'cnvoy^r. Cctte " femelle a mis bas trois petits, un mAle et deux femelles, qui sutfiront sans " doute pour nous conserver une race dont I'intelligence et la force, appliquees " a nos besoins domestiques, pourront nous rendre d'utiles services. Aucune de " nos races de Chiens, qui se rapportent ^celle-ci, ne sont aussi belles et aussi " fortes." By an omission, doubtless of inadvertency, the keepers of the mona- » V ' ■ .J ZOOLOGY. clxxxvii gcrie were not apprized that the female in question was with young by a Newfor tdiand dog, belonging to an officer of the Isabella ; and it has unfor- tunately happened, that the plate of the " Chien des Esquimaux de la Baie de Baffin," as well as the minute measurements and description in the letter- press, arc taken, not from the mother, but from one of the young after it had attained its full growth; and it is not, therefore, a representation of a genuine Esquimaux dog as the authors designed. It is probable, however, that the mixed breed may possess the qualities which are ascribed to it by Messrs. Saint Ililaire and Cuvier, of strength and intelligence applicable to our domestic purposes, to as great an extent as the pure Esquimaux breed ; and, judging from the plate, it is certainly not inferior in beauty. I-. „« iSi ■ ■ 7.' ; ■»<•*' 'if ^1- '•4" m lit: 5. Cams Lagopus. Arctic Fox. Inhabit.s all the countries which were visited by the expedition, and remains in the North Georgian Islands throughout the year, several having been caught in the winter : they differed in no respect from the descriptions of authors ; the flesh is white, and without the rank smell of the common fox. '^^ Min^t 6. Lepus Glacialis. Polar Hare. L. albus, auribus apice nigris capitc longioribus, caud^ abbreviate, unguibus validis latis depressis. » Inhabits Greenland, the southern coast of Barrow's Strait, and the North Georgian Islands where they arc very abundant. Considerable numbers were killed in the summer as a supply of provision for the ships' companies ; they were usually shot whilst feeding in ravines, and near the bottom of steep clifls by the sea-side, which they ascend with great agility on being alarmed, and secure themselves in their holes amongst the loose stones near the top of the cliflfe. None were seen during the winter, but it does not seem probable tliat tliey bad quitted the it^and. 1^1 1. 'Iff* »? «• til I'l '»'■ \ f ■f-v; '1 1"1 liiff^'' r 1 %\ clxxxviii APPENDIX. This species is larger than the L. Variabilis ; the average weight being about 8 lbs. : the ears are longer in proportion to the head than those of the common hare, (L. Timidus,) and much longer than those of the L, Variabilis ; the cars of the common hare are usually considered one-tenth longer than the head, those of the present s|)ecies are from one-fifth to one-seventh ; the fore teeth arc curves of a much larger circle, and the orbits of the eye project much more than those of either of the other species ; the toes arc five before and four behind, the fifth toe of the fore foot being very small, scarcely indeed more than a claw, and situated close to the knee ; the claws are broad, depressed, and strong: those of the L. Timidus and Variabilis being, on the contrary, compressed and weak : the hind leg is shorter in proportion to the size of the animal, than in the Variabilis. The fur is exceedingly thick and woolly, of the purest white in spring and aiitumn, excepting a tuft of long black hair at the tips of the cars, which is reddish brown at the base: the whiskers are also black at the base for half their length. In some of the full grown specimens killed in the height of summer, the hair of the back and sides was a greyish brown towards the points, but the mass of fur beneath still remained white ; the face and the front of the ears were a deeper grey. The fur is interspersed with long solitary hairs which, in many individuals were banded with brown and white in the middle of summer. The hares which Mr. Hearne describes in his northern voyage to inhabit the continent of America as high as the 72° of lati- tude, are stated to weigh 14 or 15 lbs., when full grown, and in good con- dition : the largest hare which was killed at Melville Island, did not amount to 9 lbs. Were it not for this difference in size, they might be supposed, from other parts of the description, to be the same species. 7. Lemmus Hudsonius. Hudson's Bay Lemming. Are abundant in the country on the west side of Davis' Strait, and in the islands of the Polar Sea, but are probably unknown in Greenland, as they n,-:| in the they ZOOLOGY. clxxxix are not mentioned by Fabricius. They live in summer in burrows, and in winter in nests of moss on the surface of the ground beneath the snow, rarely going abroad during the severity of winter. This species is distin- guished by the prolongation of the two middle toes of the fore feet into a pointed callus beneath the claAV, making the toes appear double clawed: the same peculiarity is observable in the outer toes, but in a much less degree, and it is altogether less marked in the female and young, than in the male. The tail is not quite half an inch in length, terminating with long stiff hairs, which alone appear beyond the fur ; it is erroneously stated in the R^gne Animale to be without a tail. The length of a full grown male specimen is less than six inches, the females are not so large. The fur is soft and long, deep gray at the base, and white at the points in winter ; the white being mottled in summer with black and reddish brown on the back, and with reddish brown on the under parts. The fore-feet have four toes with claws, and the rudiment of a fifth toe withf)ut a claw, at the hinder part of the fore foot. 8. Bos MoscATUs. Musk Ox. This species of ox inhabits the North Georgian Islands in the summer months, but being less numerous than the rein-deer, and more difficult to approach, three individuals only were killed, all of which were bulls. They arrived in Melville Island in the middle of May, crossing the ice from the southward, and quitted it on their return towards the end of September. The musk ox may be further stated, on Esquimaux information, to inhabit the country on the west of Davis' Strait, and on the north of Batfin's Bay : as a head and horns and a drawing of a bull being shewn to the Esquimaux of the west coast of Davis* Strait who were communicated with on the 7th of September, were immediately recognised, and the animal called by the name of Umingmack ; this is evidently the same with the Umiraak of the Esquimaux of Wolstenholmo Sound, who were visited by the former expedition, and of which nothing more could be learnt at the time from their description than that it was a U » a 111*'!!'?.. ■■'^M 1' :; r I Ml 1 1 ' Ik tH i- F 11 ■ iS** f :i^ ff ^^' cxc APPENDIX. :! large lioriicd animal inhabiting the land, and certainly not a rcin-dccr. It i» probable that the individuals which extend their Hummer migration to the north-cast of Baffin's Bay, retire during the winter to the continent ol' America, or to its neighbourhood, as the s])ecies is unknown in South Green- land. There can be no doubt that it was the head of an animal of the present species which is described in the Fauna Granlandka to have been conveyed on a piece of ice to the shores of Greenland and which is there erroneously con- jectured to have belonged to the Bos Grunniens. It is a curious fact, however, that although none of the Greenlanders had ever seen the animal to which the head belonged, they should have given it the same name of Uinimak, as is mentioned by O. Fabricius; this fact may seem to justify an inference that the animal itself was known to them by tradition ; and may thus, in some measure, corroborate the general belief that their ancestors came from a country to the north and west of the one which they now inhabit. The flesh of the bulls which were killed by the expedition was generally liked, although tasting strongly of musk. The weight of each individual exceeded 700 lbs., yielding about 400 lbs. of meat ; the head and skin weighed 130 lbs. ; they stood 10^ hands high at the withers. A very correct repre- sentation of the bull is given in a plate, from a drawing of Lieutenant Beechey's. The projection of the orbits of the eyes in this species is very remarkable, when compared with others of the same genus ; it is probably a provision to carry the eye clear of the great quantity of hair which the severity of the cold renders necessary in such high latitudes. 9. Cervus Tarandus. Rein-deer. Inhabit the North Georgian Islands in summer in considerable numbers, arriving towards the middle of May, and retiring to the south before the iirst week in October. In the course of the season 24 were killed, and afforded an agreeable supply of fresh provision to the ship's companies. The species is too well known to require any further remark. ZOOLOGY. CXCI 10. PiiocA ViTULiNA. Common Seal. \-: ;l A seal was killed in Baffin's Bay whilst sleeping on a fragment of ice, which agreed in all respects with the description of the P. Vitulina in the Fauna Groenlandica, so far as it goes, the relative proportion of the toes not being noticed in that work. In this individual the middle toe of the fore flipper was the longest, the others on each side decreasing in length, so that the two exterior were half an inch shorter than the middle one. This forma- tion docs not agree with the general accounts of authors of the P. Vitulina, but is equally inapplicable to any other described species ; it does not indeed accord with the generic character of the Phoca in the Regne Animale. In the hind flipper the exterior toes were the longest, and were connected by a thick membrane, containing three other slender and shorter toes. A young seal, which was given by the master of a whaler to the officers of the Alexander, one of the ships on the former voyage, became so entirely domesticated and attached to the ship, that it was frequently put into the sea, and suffered to swim at perfect liberty, and when tired would return of itself to the boat's side to be taken in. Seals were very abundant whilst the ships remained in Davis' Strait and Baffin's Bay ; amongst them the P. Barbata and P. Groenlandica were believed to be recognised, but were not killed. Very few were seen after the entrance of the Expedition into the Polar Sea, in consequence of there being so little open water. 11. Trichecub Rosmarus. Walrus. m ^ ^ I hi? I IV 4m' P.. -1 si. - m * A young male not full grown was killed in Davis' Strait, being in length, from the nose to the extremity of the hind flipper, ten feet three inches, and weighing 1,384 lbs. This animal is so well known that a particular description is unnecessary. The number of grinders were five on each side in ■^k &A ... J i ■ 1 * 1 •! H^v 1 !; ■ .1 ■; )l , '.«'■ f I'b „^M » liAil^^'^ cxcn APPENDIX. tlie upper jaw, and four in the lower. O. Fabricius and Cuvier describe only four in cither jaw ; but Muller (Prodroinus) mentions having seen a Green- land specimen with five in the upper. The eyes are prominent, rather than sunken, as stated by Pennant. It might also be erroneously inferred that the walrus has a tail, from an expression in the Arctic Zoology, " body very thick in the middle, lessening gradually t«)wards tht tail." 12. MoNODON MoNocERos. Narw/ittl. An individual of this species was killed in Prince R gent's Inlet ; the horn was unfortunately not perfect, a piece having been broken off the end by some accident ; the part which remained was above four feet in length externally, the diameter at the insertion an inch and six-tenths, and at the broken end eight-tenths of an inch ; the length of the animal from the insertion of the horn to the fork of the tail, thirteen feet five inches and a half; the spiracle at the summit of the head, fourteen inches and a half from the extremity of the snout, two inches eight-tenths in diameter, having a membrane in the interior, dividing it into two parts ; the fins were two feet four inches and a half from the insertion of the horn, six inches and a half broad at the base, seven inches and a half in the middle which is the broadest part, and fifteen inches long; the skin half an inch thick, marbled black and white in the back, beneath white ; the fins black. Besides the twelve species of Mammalia which have been thus described, the Balaena Mysticetus, B. Physalus, and the Delphinus Albicans, were fre- quently seen, but no individual of either species was killed. ZOOLOGY. BIRDS. cxciii On the return of the Expedition of 1818, an account of the various species of birds which had been seen during tliat voyage, was presented to the Linnean Society by Captain Sabine, and has been published in the 12th volume of their Transactions, being entitled, " A Memoir on the Birds of Greenland." * Many of the species seen in the present voyage having been already noticed therein, it has been considered preferable to refer to the Memoir in such cases, rather than to repeat the accounts which it contained ; the reference being considered to imply the confirmation of subsequent expe- rience ; the new matter which this voyage has furnished, is given in the present account. The species which were not seen in the first voyage are described here on the same plan as on the former occasion, and the same authors are referred to. Since the publication of the Memoir, Mr. Temminck has printed a second edition of his excellent work, the Manuel d'Ornithologie de I'Europe, much improved and extended. This edition has been consulted on the present occasion, and references to it arc added in all cases. 1. Strix Nyctea. Snowy Owl. Gmcl. i. 291. Lath. Ind. i. 57. Syn. i, 138. Arct. Zool. no. 121. Wil. Am. Orn. iv. 53. Fabr. no. 36. Fmn. Suec. 76. Tcmm. 82, Several pairs of this species were seen during the summer months on the islands in the Polar Sea; but being very wary, and the country affording little shelter to the sportsman, only a single individual was killed. It may be remarked, generally, of all the birds which frequent these islands in the breeding season, that they arrive in May, and depart with their young '1 ^' i fi U' ■ f ■'f» -. it^ * ♦■ 'I' '\t- U '1 1(1 1% I -I •■; t •r ^. 1 '■ ^*l.; ^•^r.. CXCIV APPENDIX. ;.i <: bro(»(ls ill October, and that not u single species reinaiiH during the dreary .season of winter. An instance did indeed occur in February, of a bird being said to be seen by a sailor of the Ilecia, who was walking on Melville Island at no great distance from the shi[M. He described it as a large white bird tlying very near the ground. If it were indeed a bini, it was inoHt probably a strix nt/ctea ; but as neither this, nor any other individual were observed betbre or atlerwards, until the general arrival in May, and as scarcely a day passe, Very numerous in the North Georgian Islands, where they are amongst the earliest arrivals ; attempts were made to keep them on board in cages through the winter, but were unsuccessful ; they soon became apjjarently reconciled to the confinement, but did not long survive the loss of liberty. 4-. Caprimulgus Americanus. Musqueto HatDk. Wil. Am, Orn. v. 65. Arct. Zool. no. 387. A female of this species was found on Melville Island, lying dead on the ground about a quarter of a mile from the sea. These birds are known to ZOOLOOY. cxcv I .'■ hn«(Ml at«(l iiiliiihit as far north as Iliulson's Hay; hut as (hoy livo |)rinci|mlly in woods, and feed on nios(|uitors and other whi^'od insects, which are very rare in the North Oe.rjjian Ishuids, it is more than pndiablc that the present indiviilual w«w »n accidental visitor, and had died from the want of foo«l. It wa8 e\(renicly thin, hut otherwise the phnna^e was in pfood |)reservation. Wilson's rUitr and (U>scri|>tion of this species is most accurate ; Fahricius (hies not mention it as known in (ireenland. 5. Tetrao Rtn'EsTnis. Rock Clrom. Omel. 751. Lnth. Ind, ii. 04O. no. II. — T. Lajfopu.'t. Crccnl. Birds, no, i. Tcmm.iOi) !* — Rock (Irons. Arct. Zool. no. IS4. Lath. Sipi. Supp, i, }117, In the description in the Mamir on the (ireenland Birds, of the Grous killed at Hare Ishuid, it was observed that their pluuuii^c was in sonic respects ach oilier in the formation and colour of the claws and bill, and in the naked space above the eye, terminated by a dentated membrane, larger and more conspicuous in the male than in the female. The ground colour of the egg of the Rock Grous, is a pale reddish brown, irregularly blotched and spotted with darker brown. ,. ;( ' b-''*- 1 cc APPENDIX. whole inferior plumage was a very faint brown, without the mixture or appearance of black feathers in a single instance. 9. CiiARADRius HiATicuLA. Ring Plover. Grecnl. Birds, no. 10. Tcmm. 539. Abundant on the shores of Possession Bay and of Regent's Inlet. The indivi- duals which were killed corresponded to the description of Temminck, except that the colour of the tail feathers was pale-brown at the base, differing in shade into almost black ; the outer feather on each side, both shaft and web, being a pure white, as well as the tips of the whole twelve. . 10. Strepsilas Collaris, Turnstone. Tcmm. 353. — Triii^a Interpres. Gmcl. i. 071. Lath. Ind. \i. 7:iH. WU. Am. Orn. \ii. :i^. Fu/i. no. 74. Faun. Suec. 178. Brun. 17.5. — Turnstone. Lath. Si/n. v. 188. — Hehridul Sandpiixr. Arct.Zool. .S8^. Yoi'XG. Tringa Morinella. Gmel. i. G7\. Lath. Syn. v. ISO. Varieties of the Turnstone. Breeds in the North Georgian Islands. The specimens which were killed agreed in all respects with the description of the full-plumaged bird in Tem- minck and in Wilson. The peculiarity in tiie hind toe of this species seems to have escaped the observation of the generality of authors ; Wilson being the only one, amongst those who are referred to above, who has noticed it. It turns inwards, instead of taking as is usual, a straight direction backwards. The legs are deep oriinge-red during the height of the breeding season. 11. Tri.vga Variabilis. Dunlin. Temm. 012. — Tringa Alpina. Greenl, Birds, no. 9. Rare on the coast of Davis' Strait and of Baffin's Bay, and in the islands ol the Polar Sea. The specific name of Alpina, by which this species was distin- guished in the Memoir on the Greenland BJrrf.v, has been changed to Variabilis, ZOOLOGY. CCl which is a more apiJiopriatc name, and is adopted by Mr. Temminck in his second edition, where tlic history of its various states of plumage is correctly given, and the errors pointed out into which preceding naturalists, with the exception of Montagu and Wilson, had fallen. 12. Till NO A CiNEiuA. Knot. (irccnl. Birds, no. 8. Temm. G27. Bree"-r „»., } i ceil APi»ENDIX. ;*i 'ii IJ'- -A f J ' 1 m$'i -' Bi'-rS W: ' 1 '■■ 1 i ■ ■" (.Of Sp: 1 m if (Uffcrcnce in the size of the sexes, and of their pUimage in the breeding season, appears to have been hitherto unnoticed ; Ins. Ina. The males averasje in length 7.G, in extent 16.2, and in weight If. The females 8.4, 17 2. The breeding plumage of the male corresponds minutely with the descrip- tion which Temminck has assigned to both sexes : the female has tlie fore- head, crown, and hind-head a uniform deep sooty black, without intermixture of orange or red: the band which passes through the eye is a pure white, and is larger and better defined than in the male, including more space above and in front of the eye ; the black predominates in the back and scapulars, the orange bordering of the feathers being smaller and much lighter than in the male ; the under plumage is of a deeper and richer brick-red colour, and is unmixed with white feathers for a much longer portion of the season: iUo female bird attains her perfect plumage earlier in the year, and retains it longer than the male, which is also the case with several other of the northern birds. 15. Stkui A AucTicA. Arctic Tern. Tcinm.7i'i. — Stoma Ilirundo. Grcenl. Birds, no. 17 In the Memoir on the Birds of Greenland, it was remarked that a ditterence existed between the Terns of that country, and those of the Euro])ean coasts, in the bill and legs ; the bills of the former being one-third shorter, and their tarsi only half the length of those of Europe. Although this difference was considered sufficient to have justified a specific distinction, the name of Sterna Hirundo was still retained in the memoir, from the conviction that the errors which arise from a hesitation to create new species, are less injurious to natural history, than those which result from the opposite practice. Mr. Temminck, however, whose very extensive experience gives confidence to his decisions, has treated them as distinct species, in his ajcond edition; and in reliance on his authority, the name of Sterna Arctica has been adopted ■fpr!i| ZOOLOGY. CCIII for the northern species. Two immature specimens of the S. Arctica were killed on the 8th of July from amongst a large flock of fuU-plumaged birds, and may supply a description of a bird of the first year ; bill black, the lower mandible having a reddish tinge, especially near the edges, and at the base ; forehead, throat, neck, and inferior plumage, white, very slightly tinged on the breast and belly with a faint ash-colour. The cap mottled black and white, the upper plumage ash-colour, the wing coverts indistinctly mot- tled with brown, the outer web of the first primary quill feather velvet black at the base, shading into ash-colour towards the point, a portion of the inner webs near the shaft is of a deeper shade than the remainder ; the outer feathers of the tail exceed the middle ones in length three inches ; the scapu- lars and secondaries tipped white ; the colour of the legs in process of change from black to red. The middle claw of this species, as well as of the S. Hirundo, is much longer than the other claws, and is curved laterally outwards. ■['*' HI 1 MM* !l'' 1 1,1: . •:: t It" « ■ J., w if V M I I i > .. V"m .,\f » 16. Larus Glaucus. Glaums Gull. Oreenl. Birds, no. 19. Temm. 757. This fine species of gull is as numerous in the Polar Sea, as in Baffin's Bay and Davis' Strait, occupying with their nests the pinnacles of rocks and the pro- jecting ledges of cliffs on the sea-shore. In the Memoir on the Greenland Birds, it is stated to be somewhat inferior in size to the L. Marinus, whereas in Temminck's second edition, the Glaucus is called the largest of known gulls. In comparing the size of many specimens of both species, the average is in favour of the Marinus ; but by far the largest individual of cither is a Glaucus killed on the north shore of Barrow's Strait, being in length 32 inches, in ex- tent 65 inches, and weighing 4 lbs. 3 ozs. The tarsus was 3.4 inches, and the bill exceeded 4 inches, prodigiously strong and arched ; the u])per man- dible overbooking the lower more than is customary. It was a male bird. S c .;> f't; ' ..^ r 1 1 M i f. \ t. '■' •if- »». tvi. CCIV APPENDIX. There appears^ a considerable variation in the size of individuals, in all the larger s])ecies of gulls. 17. Laiujs Aroentatus. Silvay Gull. Greeiil. Birds, no. 80. Temm. 764. In the Memoir on the Birds of Greenland, the species described under this name was identilied on the authority of Mr. Temminck with the common her- ring gull of our coasts ; the absence of the black markings of the primary (luill feathers, which alone constitutes the distinction between them, being consi- dered by that eminent naturalist as a variation of plumage occasioned by climate ; thus the Larus Argentatus was made to comprise two varieties, one peculiar to the Greenland seas, having the quill feathers a very taint ash-colour, with the ends and under parts white, without the admixture ol black ; and the other the common herring gull. The present Expedition has furnished an instance which may be considered to confirm Mr. Tem- minck's decision ; amongst a number of the Greenland variety which had their nests on a cliff on one of the North Georgian Islands, one individual was observed to have black markings on the wings, and was fortunately se- cured : on comparing this specimen with birds which have been killed on our own coasts, the black markings of the quill feathers are found to corre- spond precisely in shape and situation ; the only perceptible difference being that the dark colour is not quite so deep in shade in the Polar as in the European specimens. 18. Larus Eblrneus. Ivori/ Gtdl. (Jreenl. Birds, no. sJl. Temm. 769. A fine specimen of a bird of the first year was killed in Davis' Strait on the Hth of September, having all the immature markings of the individual described by Temminck as shot in Switzerland in March, with the ad- dition of numerous spota on the shoulders and spurious wings ; this species ■; ,it- lii'^'.s.r • '■'w P^ ^ a|' %w m ;^ ijH-j ^HHrga ; ^ im\\ K t» . &m in Mb * |B ZOOLOGY. CCV i / ' wliU'li is so common in Davis' Strait and Baffin's Bay, was rarely seen in the Polar Sea. on account, probably, of there being less open water, and conse- (juently greater difficulty in obtaining a supply of food. 19. Larus Thidactvlcjs. Kitliivake Gull. Greenl. Birds, no. 88. Tcmm. 774. These, like the preceding species, were very rarely seen in the Polar Sea; so late in the season as the ITth of July, an immature bird was killed in Davis' Strait, having very slight remains of the circle round the neck, and of the mottled head, but retaining the markings of immaturity on the coverts of the wings, and at the tips of the tail feathers, as decidedly as in winter specimens. Adult specimens had been killed on the eighth of July, in the perfect plumage of summer. M IK _^, \ .; ''41. 20. Larus Sabini. Fork-taikd Gull. Greenl. Birds, no. 83. One of these gulls was seen on the wing in Prince Regent's Inlet in August, aiul was pursued, but without success ; it was, however, identified with certainty by the persons who had been present on the former Voyage, when they were first met with. The history of this species presents a remarkable instance of confined locality ; in the account which is referred to, it is stilted to have been found on three small islands in Baffin's Bay in latitude 75^°, breeding in great numbers in company with terns, and to have been previously unknown toSaccheus, the Esquimaux interpreter, who was well acquainted with the birds of his native country, namely, of Greenland south of Disco, where it is therefore pre- sumed to be unknown ; there are few parts of the coasts of Baffin's Bay or of Davis' Strait, which have not been visited by either the present or the fonner Expedition, but in no instance have these birds been met with before or since, with the exception of the one individual in Prince Regent's Inlet ; their 2c9 t :'% III'! II; 51 r 1 .'■ \ St-:.- ,1 -. t t" 1 J" ^ jl't H' CCVl APPENDIX. m r"«' winter residence is entirely unknown, nor can any of the descriptions of new or doubtful species of gulls which have been killed on passacje in America, be considered to belong to the present species in any possible variation of its plumage ; the characteristic marks arc peculiar and distinctive. Besides the specimens which were brought to England in 1818, one only is known to exist in any collection ; namely, the one which on Mr. Tem- minck's information has been stated to have been presented to the Museum at Vienna by Sir Charles Gicseckc, but of which no account has hitherto been published ; it is not known, therefore, from whence this specimen was ob- tained, especially as the existence of an undescribed species of gull is not noticed in Giesecke's enumeration of the birds of Greenland published in Brewster's Cydopccdia, nor in his MSS. list in the possession of Mr. Bullock. The three islands above-mentioned, arc therefore as ytt the only land which these birds are known to inhabit. i -'--'ft •21. Lestris Parasiticus. Arctk Lestris. Cfreenl. Birds, no. 24. Temm. 796. Is equally abundant in the islands of the Po) ir Sea as in Baffin's Bay ; and is frequently met with inland, seeking its food along the water-courses which occupy the bottom of ravines ; differing in this respect from the next species which is more exclusively a sea bird. "t", 22. Lestris Pomarinus. Pomarine Lestris. Temm. 793. Several individuals, corresponding in all respects with the description referred to, were killed in Prince Regent's Inlet ; both species of Lestris were also seen at Melville Island, but the Pomarinus more rarely than the Parasiticus. 23. Procellaria Glacialis. Fulmar Petrel. Oreenl. Birds, no. 25. Temm. 803. ZO< LOQY. C( «ll ■ll Si. Anas Cyonus, Wild Swan. Omel. i. 501. Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. 833. Tcmm. 8i9. Faun. Suec. 107, Briin. no 44 Wild Swan, Syn. vi. 43.*1. (S- Siipp. i. 872. ^rc. Zoul. no. 4(J9. Sf Supp. 7.5. Breeds in the North Georj^ian Islnnds, but is by no means numerous, and a single specimen only was obtained ; tliis individual corresponds with the accounts of authors, excepting that the white plumage of the breast and thighs is intermixed with the same yellow feathers as on the crown and hind head, though not quite so deep in colour. Those of the crown are rather golden than yellowish as they are usually described. 25. Anas Rernicla. Brent Goose. Gmel. i. 618. Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. 844. Wil. An. Orn. viii. 131. Fabr. 41. Fatm. Succ. 115. Briin. 58. reffjTO. 8^4.— Brent Goose. Syn. vi. 4G7. Arc. Zool. no. 478. Breed in great numbers on the islands in the Polar Sea. The plumage of the female is less vivid during the height of the season than that of the male ; she is also rather smaller, the average difference in their length exceeding an inch. 26. Anas Spectadihs. King Duck. Greenl. Birds, no. 26. Temm. 851. This species as well as the preceding are very abundant in the North Georgian Islands, having their nests on the ground in the neighbourhood of fresh water-ponds, and feeding on the aquatic vegetation. The egg is shorter than that of the Eider Duck, rather broader across in the widest part, and more tapering ; of a cinereous olive colour, not whitish, as stated erroneously by Montague, but less green than the egg of the Eider. Mr. Temminck's description of the male bird is generally correct ; but he has omitted to notice the peculiarity of the tertial feathers of the wing, which curve outwards in a remarkable manner over the primaries ; nor can the colour of the wings be called a deep black, being ferruginous, especially in the inner webs. .1' • -I 1 ■ V I* u4 a- 4 I (111, I j"t r <^ , i (TV Ml APPENDIX. f Tlu' |)liiinaffc of the iVmnlo very mucli rosoinhlos that ot' tho fcmnlr Ku\vr, Init thf two sjM'cics may bo always in the Kiiii^. and tlaticncd in the Kidor. The hill of the latter is also lonj^or. and tho foathors on tho sido of the uppor inundiblo extend us low down as thoy luinai,'o of tho hoad and nock of tho Eidor lu^arly correspond with those of tho body, wlioroas in the Kin^ thoy are niucli lifrhter. Some of tlu^ female Kinj^s which wore killed had tho whole of their under parts an uniform dark brown, whilst others had more or less of dark markings on a liijhter jo^round. Tho hind toes in both sexes are snudlor than those of the Kidor. A youni^ male was killed, towards tho om\ oT Septombor, which bore tho same resemblance to tho female as tho younj^ male Kidor does to the female of its own species. 27. Anas Molmssima. Eider Duck. Greenl. Birds, no. 87. Tcmm. 84s. Is abundant on the shores of Davis' Strait and Baffin's Hay ; but, deriving its food principally from the sea, was not met with after tlu« entrance of the ships into the Polar Ocean, where so little open water is found. The females wore without the white bands on the wings, which are described by authors. 28. Anas Glacialis. Long-tailed Duck. Greenl. Birdi. no. 28. Temrn. SGO. Breeds in the North Georgian Islands, but is not common there. A male bird was obtained in June, corresponding precisely with the individual killed in Baffin's Bay in the summer of 1818, which furnished the description of the full-breeding plumage in the Memoir of the Greenlayid Birdi. An account of this state of plumage is yet wanting to complete the history of this species in Mr. Temminck's second edition. The plumage of a young male, killed )'■■ ; ZOOLOUY. fCIX on the '22t\ nf3\u\c, fori'OsjMHulH pitTHoly willi Mr. Tniimlink's iimlc «)f oiu" or two yciUN oUI. ii\). Coi.YMiHH Septkntiuonalis. Ui'd-t/ii'oateil Dicer. Oreenl. Hirds. no. \■■< w I II' ccx APPENDIX. i«- i-tr I 'I 32. Uria Alle. Little Auk. Temm. 928. — Alca Alle. Grcenl. Birds, no. 13. The reasoning on which Tcmminck has been induced to alter the generic name of this species is satisfactory ; the bird does not, indeed, wholly accord with the characters either of the Alca or Uria, being intermediate between them ; but it appears preferable that it should be ranged under the latter. This species, as well as the i)receding, is not common in the Polar Sea : its great breeding station is in the northern part of Batfin's Bay. These thirty-two species comprise the whole of the birds which were seen within the Arctic circle under circumstances which admitted of their being identified ; and are exclusive of a species of Nwnemus, three individuals of which flew past one of the ships' boats in Prince Regent's Inlet ; and a species of Hlrundo, (possibly Riparia,) which the Serjeant of Artillery, who had a good knowledge of birds, stated that he saw on two occasions in the excursion across Melville Island, in June, 1820. i'^-i.: liC k>'' ri I':* In the Memoir on the Greenland Birds, fifty-four species were enumerated, as comprehending the whole of those which have been described by authors to inhabit Greenland and its coaists ; the present voyage has added one species to this list, th^ x'- '"0 Tinnunculus, an individual of which flew oft* to the ship, when passing Cape Farewell on the passage home, and was killed. The Procellaria Puffinu.$, which had escaped notice on the first voyage, was also seen in great abundance off Cape Farewell ; it is the bird which is called by the Whalers the Cape Hen : these two species arc not included in the prescirt account, which is limited to birds seen within the Arctic circle. 9T.H ccxi I I'' r t:. , \^^ ' f III: ' FISH. Salmo Two individuals of a species of salmon were brought from a lake, supposed to be about 20 miles distant from the sea, by the party who lost their way, and were absent four days on an excursion in Melville Island in September, 1819; they described the lake as abounding in similar fish, of the same size as the specimens, which were three inches in length ; the situation of the lake, and its direction from the ships wore unfortunately so uncertain as to defeat all subsequent research. The specimens, having been several hours in the pocket of one of the party, who were unprovided with conveniences for their better conveyance, were not in a state to justify the assignment of a spe- cific name or character. The colour appeared to have been a silvery white, pure beneath and marbled above the lateral line by very minute dark spots arranged in clusters, very thick around the eyes, and on the points of the upper and lower jaw ; the nose rounded and blunt, the upper jaw rather exceeding the lower ; gill covers in two pieces, membrane eight rayed ; the ventral fin opposite to the middle of the first dorsal ; the tail tolerably forked. P. 13. v. 9. A. 10. D. 11. C. more than 30. The species seems to be nearly allied to the char (S. Alpinus) ; but the nose is more obtuse, and the tail more forked. Merl ANGUS Carbonarius. Coal Fish. Taken by the trawl on the west coast of Davis' Strait; specimens from four to five inches long. Merlangus Polaris. Caught in a net whilst swimming on the surface amongst ice in Baffin's Bay; 2d I Hi' :il: ■'*fi PI .f i I! k ■■^'' 4. '.-rt lima m CCXil APPENDIX. in length between five and six inches : it is the same fisli, of which an individual was brought home by the former expedition, and was named by Dr, Leach. This species is very nearly allied to the Gadus Virens of authors, from which, however, it may be distinguished by the third dorsal fin being larger than the two anterior, whereas in the Virens the middle one is the largest : the lower jaw also rather exceeds the upper; the tail is slightly forked. — U. 11, 10, 19. P. 18. V. 6. A. 17,22. C. 42. Meulangus Three individuals, fifteen inches in length, of a species of Merlangus, were found in the ice which covered the harbour in which the ships wintered ; they were frozen in the ice near its surface, and it was supposed must have been dead on the water when the frost set in ; they were so nmch decayed that it was not possible to identify the species. The lower jaw was ob- served to exceed the upper a very little; both jaws were armed with teeth, the hinder ones of the lower jaw being tricuspidate ; it could not be de- tcrmin» whether the species is cirrated. — P. 18. V. 0. D. 13, 19, 20. A. 20. 2u. C. 40. us^.'- LiPARis Communis. Several individuals were taken in the tra,vl on the west coast of Davis' Strait, in latitude 70 degrees. They differed in no respect from the unctuous Sucker of our coasts. Blennius Polaris. B. imberbis, pinnis anali, caudali, dorsalique, unitis. The individual here described was found on the shore of North Georgia, where it had been left by the ebb tide, in September 1819. It bears a very near resemblance to the description and figure of the U. Viviparus, in Midler -s [ki< ZOOLOGY. CCXlll Zool. Dan. V. 2, p. 22, pi. .57, but differs in the following paiticulars : the dorsal fin is united to the anal and caudal ; the pectoral fin is not orbicular, as its length exceeds twice its breadth ; the number of rays 15. The teeth, though small, are sufficiently conspicuous to the naked eye ; the colour a yellowish ground, lighter under the belly, having eleven large saddle-shaped brown markings across the back; the middle of these markings being much lighter than their edges, the whole back and sides have a marbled appearance ; the yellowish ground, when viewed in a microscope, is thickly sprinkled with minute black spots. No scales were detected by the microscope, but they may possibly have been removed with the sand which had adhered to the mucous coating of the skin, and which was washed off. Length seven inches. The upper jaw pro- jects rather more than the plate of the B. Viviparus in the Zool. Dan. Ventral fins of two spines enclosed in a lax skin. This species is distinguished from the B. Lumpenus, by the union of the dorsal and caudal fins, and by the upper jaw being considerably longer than the lower; and from the B. Ocellatus, Mem. (le Peters, t. 3, pi. 8, f 2, by the ventral fins which are wanting in the Ocellatus, as well as by the absence of the spots on the dorsal fin of the latter. COTTUS QUADRICOHNIS. Two individuals of this species, from five to six inches long, were the only produce of the Seine at Melville Island. They agreed in all respects with the description and plate of the C. Quadricornis in i\\c Ichthyology of Block, vol. 3, page 116, |)late 108, CoTTUS Polaris. C. imbcrbis, capitc spinis duabus, operculis spiiiis quatuor, armatis, A species of Cottus, similar in its habits to the C. Gobio, was very abundant on the shores of North Georgia, inhabiting the pools of water left by the ebbing of the tide, and the mouths of the small rivulets by which the snow on melting found its way to the sea ; the largest individual did not equal 2 d 2 ttq % ii \\\ I ,:r'^' t I ''■ 1 4 ? r -1 H , ^"'1 CCXIV APPENDIX. two inches in Icnglh ; the head is more compressed, and not so much flattened as in the preceding well-known species, and is aniicd with two strong spines directed backwards, placed before and between the eyes ; the gill covers are also each armed with four strong spines ; the pectoral fins are larger in propor- tion than those of the Gobio, and the upper jaw rather exceeds the lower ; the lateral lines are furnished with a series of small tubercles directed backwards ; colour light, with clusters of minute dusky spots. D. 6, 13. P. 15. V. 5. A. U. C. Ik * I. tit '*■•; SPECIMENS of the very few insects which were seen by the Expedition wliilst within the Arctic Circle, having been sent to the Rev. William Kirby, of Harhain, Suffolk, the following account and description of them have been received from that gentleman : " Otlio Fabricius, in his Fauna Grociilandica (if we exclude the cnistacea,) has described only 79 sj)ecies of insects and Arachnida;, and of imcds proper only 03, which he collected during a residence of six years in West Green- land ; and Professor Hooker speaks of those of Iceland as being very few in number ( " ) ; it was therefore to be expected that in a statiou more than ten degrees to the norUiward of the theatre of their researches, the numbers of the insect world would be very greatly reduced; and it will not excite much surprise, that only six species should have been collected in that high lati- tude, from the beginning of September to the beginning of August, the period during which the Expedition remained in Winter Harbour. It is pro- bable, however, that some may have esca])ed observation, and others might possibly make both their annual ap])earance and retreat during the month of August. The birds also that frequent the island have, doubtless, their (•) Recollections of Iceland, 1st edit. 272. ZOOLOGY. CCXV f k ^ parasites, and the reindeer would be annoyed, it is not unlikely, by its pecu- liar winged pest, (Estrtis Tarandi. " In Greenland, every order of insects has its representatives, except Orlho- ptera and Hemiptera ; but, in Melville island, besides these, no Coleopterous or Neiiropteroiis species was observed, and even the mosquito ( Ciilex Linn.), the torment of the Laplander and Greenlander, as well as of the native of tropical regions, appears not to have extended there its annoying reign. Order LEPIDOPTERA. Genus Bombvx. Fab. " Sabini. B. cinereous, win;;. Incumbent, antennae of the male setaceous, bipectinate at the base, w'Ui ^^^ ort rays. Expansion of the wings one inch. " Descr. Male. The whole body of this insect is of a uniform cinereous or fusco-cinercous colour, except that the under side of tiie wings is rather paler than the upper. Tongue rather long, like that of a Nodita or Phalcena. Feelers recurved,very hairy, consisting of two joints ? Antenna? setaceous bipectinate for about half iheir length, with a single pair of short rays emerging from each of the branchiiigjoints, the other joints are hairy underneath. Wings incumbent, rather longer than wide, fringed at the end. Tibia; armed in the middle with a long spur. Abdomen thickish, tufted at the end. Anal forceps, consisting of two horny concavo-convex reddish pieces, dilated at the top, and rounded. " Acconling to the modern system, this species might probably be regarded as belonging to a new genus, but the specimens are too much injured to ena- ble me to get a clear idea of the Palpi — if admitted as such, it might be named Psychophora. From the length of the tongue it seems to come between the other Bombi/cidx and Noctua, though in habit and stature it approximates to Phalana Fab. It was found in a swampy part of Melville Island. " Two or three specimens of a caterpillar were obtained in Melville Island^ one of which was brought to England ; — " They were found wandering "lit I'll f .if;. II, , : ' ^ !'• ' f - p '. "i 'if-.' |v ii?-" I" I \ \- I I m ^■"i I i' \i |C f- CCXVI APPENDIX. in the neipfhbourhood of Salir ardica and Saxifraga opposillfolia ; it duos not appear to beloncf to the moth just described, being, apparently, too hirge. It is of that tribe of caterpillars which Reaumur calls ChenUUs^ () Crosses, the perfect insects of which constitute the genus Laria of Schranck. for instance, Bombyx fascelina Fab., &c.. It has six true legs, and ten spurious or membranaceous ones, {Propedes Kirby and Spence.) The body is thickly covered with very long hairs of a dirty tawny colour ; in the middle of the back are three small pale orange brushes, just before which is a lonj,' black one, or rather three confluent black ones, and another of the same colour at the tail, all forming pencils of longer converging hairs. It appears not to have arrived at its full size. iW'- Order IIYMENOPTERA. Genus BoMBLs. Latr. Fab. ( B remits J urine, Apis. * * e. 2. Kirby.) " Arcticiis. B. black, with the base and apex of the thorax and the anterior half of (he abdomen pale yellow. Length of the body, ^ -[ Lines. Synonym. Apis alpiiia, O. Fabr. Fn. Greenland. 15.5. " Descr. Female. Body covered with long black hairs, but those that clothe the base and apex of the thorax, and the anterior half of the upper side of tlu> abdomen, are of a pale yellow. Some black hairs are visible at the base of the last yellow segment of this part of the body. The antenna* are as long as the head. The wings are a little tinged with brown, and their nervures arc black. The tarsi are covered with short reddish hairs. " M.\LE much smaller than the female. The hairs of the whole trunk, or intermediate segment of the body, are pale yellow intermixed with some black ones. The legs, also, particularly the anterior pair, are clothed with long yelU)uish hairs. The anteima?, which have a joint more than those of the female, and are considerably longer than the head, and the smaller mandibular i'l ' ' 'i "1 ZOOLOOY. CCXVII prove this specimen to be a male, but the posterior tibia' arc without hairs upon their surtace, and are frinj^cd with long ones, Ibnning what Reaumur calls the Corbeillc, ( Corbiciila Kirby,) usually peculiar to the females, in which they carry the masses of pollen-paste, which is the reverse of what is observe■' m INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS. The Genera, into which the several species of invertebrate animals have been distributed, are those of the system of the Chevalier de Lamarck, liisloire Naturelte des Anitnaux sans Vertkbres. The object which has been chiefly attempted in the present account, has been to identify those species which have been previously described, and to compare the individuals with the descriptions of original observers, refer- ring to the works in which they are noticed, and marking any diflbrences which may have appeared in the comparison ; and to furnish descriptions of the previously unknown species, sufficiently extended to enable the several systematic writers to arrange them in Genera according to their respective views and systems. % e \% ■: '"^I'h ■i I ccxx APPENDIX. Beroe Ovum. Faun. Qroen. No. 355. Baffin's Bay ; not unfrcquent, but very delicate in texture, and difficult to procure for examination without injury. This species is easily distinf^uishable from others, as well by its very long cirri, as by the inequality of its ribs and their included sides ; the body being laterally compressed, and the ribs on the compressed sides (two in each) smaller than the others, and ending before they reach the terminal apertures ; whereas the four ribs between which the uncompressed sides are included, have no termination, but run into eacii other, completing the circumference ; the openings into the central internal cavity are between the latter. In a note in the Rcgne Animal, 4, 59, it is supposed that the Beroe Ovum of O. Fabricius, and the Medusa Pileus of Gmelin, are the same species ; but the abovementioned particulars (which are also noticed by Fabricius,) distinguish them apart, and place the B. Ovum in a diflferent subgenus of the Rhgnc Animal, vis., the Callianirc of P6ron. Beroe Cucumis. W'i Faun. Green. No. 353. Common in Baffin's Bay, and on the coast of New Georgia ; agreeing in all respects with the description in the Faun. Grain., except that Fabri- cius has omitted to mention the lateral openings of the ovaries. This species is well distinguisticd from others by the absence of cirri, by its red colour, caused by innumerable minute red spots on the surface of the internal cavity seen through its transparent body ; and by the ribs, as well as the sides between them, being similar and equal, the former running into and ending in the terminal apertures. \ ZOOLOGY. CCXXI Beroe Pileus. Faun. Qrcen. No. 351.. Bcroc Globulcux. Enci/cl. Ucth. PI. xc. f. 3, 4, In Davis' Strait and Baffin's Bay ; frequently rising to the surface amongst ice, having eight ciliatc ribs most beautifully resplendent with green and red. DiANJEA GlACIALIS. Plate 1, fig. 1. D. campanulata, pistillo ore quadrangulare, costis (juatuor cirri-prodiictis. In Baffin's Bay and the adjacent seas, but rare; body hyaline, cam- panulatc, the margin not ciliate; length usually under half an inch, and the diameter under a quarter of an inch; peduncle tubular, flesh-coloured, capable of extension to more than twice the length of the body, enlarged and quadrangular near the mouth which distends to receive its prey ; from the base of the peduncle proceed four delicate blood-red costs, terminating at the margin in soft granular cirri, which can be extended at pleasure to more than an inch in length, or contracted to less than a quarter. This species is allied to the Dianaea digitala {Medmv. Digitale, Faun. Green. No. 361,) and still nearer to the D. Papillata, (Medusa PapUlata, Zool. Dan. 4. 24"., tab. 140.,) but the margin is without the ciliae of the former, or the globes of the latter. It falls under the Genus Geryonia of P^ron, Ann. du Museum. Cyanea Arctica. Lam. V. 2. p. 519. Medusa c.''.pillata, Faun. Grocn. No. 358. Is frequent in Barrow's Strait and in the Polar Sea, varying considerably in size, being usually from seven to nine inches in diameter ; a small space of open water being made by the removal of the ice in Winter Harbour in the month of May, several individuals rose immediately to the surface, which were 2 e 2 f't t '11 ! I* ,.»'•' J'- ,' ;3 CCXXIl APPENDIX. obsorve«l todiflV'r from each other in the imiuhcr of c'om|»artnHMits into which the disc is (iivi(h>(l, witlioiit rchitioii to the size of the animal, the coni|uirtni('iits bciiit^ never less tlian seven, or more than eleven, and similar ; all are eoniposcd of two rays formed by longitudinal fd)res with a deej) middle furrow. The pel- lucid, membranaceous process to which the central appcndai^es and tentaeulit> are attaclied, was connected with the under surface of the disc in three nearly equidistant places in the greater numberof individuals, leaving throe interme- diate openings into the central cavity of the body ; but in a few it was cruci- form and connected in four places, nuiking four entrances instead of three ; in all other respects the several specimens agreed with each other. jf < i.<5r i- '■ :: Opiiiur.\ Texturata. Lam. V. J, p. 542. no. I. — Stellii laccrtosa. Link tab. ii. f. 4. Taken very abundantly in the trawl in Davis' Strait. Opiuura Fragilis. Lam. V. 'i, p. 54(). no. 12.— -Asterias fragilis, Zoo). Dan. v. 3, p. '28. lab. '(ft. Taken in the trawl with the preceding species. Asterias Papposa. Faun. Groen. no. 364. Several individuals with twelve rays, and one with eleven, were taken in the trawl on the west coast of Davis Strait, corresponding, in all respects, with the minute description referred to. This species is justly remarked by Fabrlcius to a])pear radiate when viewed from above, and btellatc, when turned on its back. W ZOOLOOY. CCXXIll AsTEHIAS HUHENS. Faun. Gran. no. 362. A Hinglo .specimen was taken ut the same time as the preceding species. ■ ^ ;f ASTERIAS ViOLAtEA. Zool. Dan. tab, 46. Two specimens were taken in tlie trawl in from twelve to eighteen fatlioms' water on the western coast of Davis' Strait, in lat. 70° ; they were both six- rayed, a variety which does not a|)pear to have fallen under the notice of Miiller, who mentions from one to live rays only. The .specific name of Violacea scorns particularly inappropriate to a species which varies so nmch in colour as the present ; individuals being found occa- sionally red, blue, grey, and even black ; those under description were rather red than violet. AsTERiAs Polaris. A. pentagoiia, paginii superiore tessclato-granulati, margiiie arliculuto spinoso. Plate I, fig. 2,3. .\ single specimen was taken by a drag-net on the coast of Melville Island ; body plane, pentagonal, the sides lunate ; margin obtuse, articulated, and fur- nished with a double row of .small spines; the articulations in number 150 are continued on the inferior surface to the grooves of the feet, the grooves being broad, with Hesliy pectinate feet; mouth central, simple ; back tes- selated with hexagonal superficial granulations, having in the centre a fleshy papilla, capable of being protruded more than three-tenliis of an inch, but when retracted, appearing only as a central spot ; when viewed by a micro- scope, the papilla is seen to be furnished with minute and delicate vesicles. >i ^if .-1^ S^M \L J \i ■■; ■5: '«! m !H|I CCXXXIV APPENDIX. ■^ir- h ■iV: KMii mI m M| H^ 11 Bi ineuns rcmarkablo cither in this species, or in some otherH, which are (Us- (ributed by it into the respective genera of Talitms and Ganunarus ; if a suli- division be desirabU' in the well-defined and natural genus coniprchendiiii; all these animals which so nearly resemble each other in general appearance and habits, the prolongation of the anterior part of the head into a rostrum, would seem preferable to a distinction founded on the relative length of the aiiliMina*, which in many of the species arc so nearly the same ; or, the genus Talitrus might be limited to those species in which th<; su|)erior antenna' are very short, not exceeding the length of the two first articula- tions of the inferior pair. This species has been named in compliment to John Es'ti voyage. Cranoon Skptemcaiiinatds. C. thoracc scptcm-carinato ; carinis scrrntis; pcdibus sccundi paris hrovissimis inun^niirulatis. Plate II, fig. 11—13. Several specimens of this undescribed species were taken in the trawl on the west coast of Davis' Strait. Lengtli four inches; colour varied red and white above, white beneath. Thorax seven-carinate, the three lateral carinae on each side serrate, the u\iddle one with strong spines; rostrum short, curving down between the eyes, grooved in the centre ; the five upper carinx carried on in very faint rudiments ahmg the back ; the terminal setae of the superior antennaj inserted nearly in the same horizontal line, the interior one being the longest ; the first joint of the inferior antenna' scarcely produced beyond the middle of the squama ; a strong spine on the abdomen directed forward between the chelate legs ; the last joint of the pediform palpi sub-acuminate, rather longer than the preceding ; second pair of legs slender, very short, bristled and imarnicfl, {magnified in fi<^. 13,) in which last essential point it differs from the Pontophilus Spinosus of Dr. Leach, Mai. Pod. Brit., t. 37, to which in other respects this species bears a near resemblance. It is proper to notice, that a rigid application of every part of the character of the genus Crangon of Lamarck would exclude the Septenicarinatus.by reason of the second pair of legs being unarmed, and would render necessary the establishment of a new genus, of which it would be the only known species, and might possibly be the only existing one ; it nmy, however, be questioned whether the pursuit of natural history be either forwarded, or rendered more attractive by the multiplication of genera, which is a consequence of the extent and precision which have been introduced into the characters of some i' 1 ZOOLOGY. ccxxxvil of tlio modern cfoncrii ; iw the object of the present account is limited to deseril)inff tlie new specien in such manner, that systematic writers may be Jit no h)S3 in disposing them according to their respective arrangements, the present species has been contiimed with the Crangons, Vulgaris, Bo- r<>as, and Spinosus, with which it accords so strikingly in general ajjpear- ance, as well as in the leading and most essential characteristics ; with the reservation, however, of a notice, that it forms an exception to the " pedes decern unguiculati" of the other Crangons. 1, 1 1 'I y Alpheus Acui,f.atus. A. thoracis carina dentibus (|uatuf,, marjcinc antirj trispinoso, scgmentis ulrin(|uc aculeatis, palpii pi'iliformibus apicu spiniilusis. Cancer Aciileatus O. Fahr., Faun. Oroen., N'. 21V. Astacus GroDiilandicus, J. C. Fabr. I-,;if. Syst., i ol. 2,, P, '4? Plate II, fig. J, 10. Several individuals were obtai iieci at Melville island, which being com- pared with the minute description of the Cancer Aculeatu r-,* O. Fabricius, are believed to be the species described under that name : it is observable of this, as of other species of this genus, that the rostrum is found to vary so much indifferent specimens, in length an(i dhapc, as well as in the number of teeth above and below, as to make it no proper ground of specific distinction. It is probable that the Astacus Grojnlandicus of J. C. Fabricius should also be referred to this species ; as, excepting the rostrum, the descriptions are sufficiently conformable , .; :d the " abdominis scgmcnta terminanter utrinque spinA," of the Groenlandicus is strictly descriptive of the peculiar character- istic of the Aculeatuy. It is possible also that the Astacus Histrio* of the same author, Bit*' %«/., p. 482, may have been a young individual of the present species, since it appears to differ in colour only. • In '.he specific character of the Astacus Histrio,.!. C. Fab. Ent. Sysl. v. 2, p. 482, the margin of the thorax is said to be furnished witli two teeth, whilst in the description which is added, the number of teeth are stated to be three; the former is presumed to be the error. 2g2 /*■' ■3 I'" ■1 I ^ I CCXXXVIII APPENDIX. The middle lamella of the tail has seven spines on each side in the spe- cimen which has been figured ; but others had a greater or less proportion : the exterior antennae are verrucose on the inner side. Alpiieus Polaris. Thoracis dimidio posteriore Ixvi, antcriorc carinato scrrato ; chelis et unguibiis apice nigris. Plate II. fig. 5—8. Fig. 8 is the rostrum of a second specimen. Several individuals were brought up in the same drag-net, from fifty fathoms' depth, on the coast of Melville Island, all of which agreed in the pecu- liarities included in the specific character, but no two in the number of the teeth or in the shape of the rostrum, the former varying from three to six above, and from two to six below ; length usually from one and a half to three quarters of an inch ; colour pale, with red spots and mark- ings ; thorax armed on each side on the anterior margin with three spines, situated above and below the eye and at the junction of the lateral margin ; these spines vary in strength in different individuals, the first espe- cially being occasionally very strong; anterior half of the thorax carinate on the back, and serrate; posterior half smooth, without carina or teeth; the upper seta of the superior antennae hollowed beneath, ciliatc at the sides ; both pairs spinous at the joints ; pedipalpi, three-articulate, the last joint above three times the length of the second, much depressed, hirsute, and ter- minated by from four to six stiff black bristles ; the fingers of the four anterior legs and the nails of the others black at the points ; the nails are spinulose within ; the first pair of swimmers smaller than the others, bifid and pointed ; the hinder part of the third segment of the body is curved towards the tail, and the lateral lobes of the two next segments are produced in sharp points directed backwards ; tail with two strong spines at the last joint ; the midfile lamella with ten spines above, five on each side ; terminated by two strong black bristles. "Pl l' h i ^ M.'1 ZOOLOGY. ecxxxix POLYNOE CiRRATA. Aphrodita cirrata, Faun. Green., No. 290. Two specimens were taken on the shore of Melville Island in September. PoLYNOE SCABRA. Aphrodita scabra, Fau7i. Green., No. 292. A single specimen was taken on the shore of Melville Island in the same month as the preceding. L()Lioo Sepiola. An individual of this species was brought up in the trawl on the west coast oi" Davis' Strait, in lat. 70°. It agreed with the general description of au- thors, and with the figure in Rondelet, 519. "^"i '^i !r ^t t i I 4* !' "^ Clio Borealis. This well-known species was found in great abundance in all parts of Baffin's Bay, and Davis' Strait, in the neighbourhood of ice. u m LiMACINA ArCTICA. Abundant in the same localities as the preceding ; both species were very rarely met with in the Polar Sea ; and as they constitute the principal food of the black whale, their absence will explain why not more than two or three whales were seen during the whole period in which the Expedition remained in that sea. t^f i I ' I : f< i- ^A 1"-r III ccxl SHELLS. The following notice of the Shells collected by the Expedition, has been furnished by John Edward Gray, Esq. jl >^<^ Sub Kingdom, Mollusca. Class. — Gasteropodophora. Order. — Ctenobranchia. Fain. — MuRiciD.E. Genus. — Buccinum. Linne. * Canal none, aperture base-cut. Species — B. glaciate, Donovan Brit. Shells, t. l^i. Tritoniutn glaciale, 0. Fubr., Faun. Gra-nl., ;J07. ** Canal short, open, bent to the left. Species — B. Sabinii. Testa oblonga, ventricosa, alba ; anfractibus quinque, convexis, longitudi- naliter costatis ; apcrtura ovata ; canuli brevi. Buccinum Sabinii ; Gray Si/st. Moll. Ineditum. Shell oblong, ventricose, white ; whorls five, convex, slightly longitudi- nally rib-striated, finely transversely wrinkled ; epidermis thin, pale ; aper- ture ovate, half ti. length of the shell, ending in a short open canal; colu- mella smooth, outer lip thin, inside slightly crenatcd ; axis three-fourths of an inch, diameter three-eighths. It dilfers from Buccinum corneum, (Murex corneus, Lin.) by not being so ■Pfl , if ZOOLOGY. ccxii long and slender, and the whorls more convex ; the aperture ovate instead of roundish-ovate. The specimen brought home appears to be young. Class. — CONCIIOPIIORA. • ' Order. — Pachvpod.\. Farm. — Mvade^. Genus. — Mya. Lin. Species. — Mi/a truncata. List. Conch, t. 428, f. 369. Order. — Leptopoda. Fam. — NucuLiDiE. Genus. — Nucula, Lamarck. ** Shell behind sli^htli/ produced, gaping ; edge entire. Species. — JV. arctica. Testa ovali-clliptica, la^vis, tenuis, fragilis, flavescens ; latere antico lato, rotundato, poslico brevi, obliquO; truncate. Nucida arctica, <'raj/ id supra. Shell oval-elliptical, smooth, very slightly concentrically wrinkled ; epidermis yellowish-green, glossy ; umbones rather acute, nearly central ; broad, rounded, rather narrowed, obliquely truncated behind; inside glossy-white, edge plain in front; length (from front to back) half an inch ; depth (from umbones to the opposite edge) a quarter ; breadth (from the outside of one valve to the outside of the other, in the most convex part) one-sixth. *** Shell behind much produced, gaping, above depressed. S])ecies. — N. rostrata, Lamarck llist., vi., 58. Area minuta, O.Fabr.,Faun. Grcenl., young? Area rostrata, Chcm. Conch., vij. 106. t. 55. f. 550. 551. — not. Mont? Shell, length 7-8ths, depth 3-8ths, breadth 2-8ths, of an inch. Animal, Mantle-lobes, separate from one another ; foot compressed, sub- quadrate, front rent ; gills attached to the hinder part of the mantle, as in the Pholades and Myic, Order. — Puyi.i.opoda. Fam. — Hyatellad^. % fll IH .«' t" r» f n. ]if\ 1 ■ I' i r! i ccxlii APPENDIX. '1 Genus. — Hyatella. Daudin. Species. — IL Arctica. Lamarck, Hist. vj. Mya arctica. 0. Fabricius, Faun. Grostil., 407, Anitnal, Mantle-lobes, united together, except leaving a small ovate aper- ture for the passage of the foot, on the lower side, near the front. Tubes 2 distinct. Genus. — Saxicava. Lamarck. Species. — S. pholadis. Lam. Hist., v. 502. Mya byssifera. 0. Fab., Faun. Groenl, 408. Mya pholadis. Linn. Shell differs from S. rugosa by its larger size, and being more produced and acute in front, and in having deeper concentric furrows ; length 1 inch aiul 3-4ths, depth 3-4ths, breadth l-4th. Animal, like that of Hyatdla arctica. Family. — Solenid^. Genus. — Glycimbris. Lamarck. Species. G. siliqua. Lam. Hist., v. 458 Solen siliqua. Chemn. Conch., xi. 192. t. 196. f. 1934. Fam. — VENERIDiE. Genus. — Nicania. Leach. * Margin of the valves even. 1 . A . striata. Leach. Ross's Voyage. Shell, length 3-4ths of an inch, depth one-half, breadth 3-4ths. (Nicaiiia Banksii of Dr. Leach belongs to this section.) ** Margin of the valves crenated. 2. N. crenata. Testa ovali-elliptica, virescens, concentrice sulcata ; lunul:\ oblongo-lanceo- lata impressa ; margine crenulato. Nicania crenata. Gray, ut supra. Shell oval, elliptical, regularly concentrically urrowcd ; epidermis j)ale yellowish green ; umbones nearly central, front, with an oblong lanceolate I •w^ ■••*•<. '. Kl ZOOLOOV. ccxliii depression ; hinge of the right valve with one deep two-cut tooth and two lateral holes ; of the left, with two single teeth, and a central hole, for the reception of the tooth of the other valvn ; lateral lamina?, two in each valve, very small, only rudimentary ; margin of the valves cremited. In one specimen the teeth were reversed, for the right valve had two teeth, and the left but one uncut, but it dift'ered in no other point as I could observe. Animal, mantle lobes separate, foot compressed flat, quadrangular. Tubes, none. Genus. — Crassina. Lamarck. Species 1. — ('. Scmisulcala. Leach. Roas's Voj/agt. Species 2. — C. Jrctica. Testa subroiuuclo-ovsita, convcxa, nigra, concentrice striolata ; umboncs subsulcatac ; lunula impressa oblongo-ovata ; nmrgiue integcirimo. . Crassina Arctica. Orai/, ut supra. Shell roundish ovate, convex, white ; epidermis black, shining, finely concentrically striated ; umbones, rather prominent, very slightly concentri- cally furrowed; impression before the umbo, oblong ovate, deep, behind lanceolate ; hinge, right valve, with one strong single tooth, with a hollow on cacli. side : left, with two diverging teeth and a hollow in the centre ; lateral lamina, two in each valve, front strong near to the hinge, hinder remote, small ; edge even ; length one and half, depth one and quarter, breadth S-l-th of an inch. It differs from crnmna semisidcata, by being rounder, more convex, and not so much sulcated. Family. — Cardiad.i:. Genus. — Caudium. ♦»«« Shell obsokteli/ radiateltj ribbed, edge teen. 3 h % t i ■ h A If' il V. HI y^i HI ■VI i i'-f ccxliv APPENDIX. 11 im' . m Species. — C. Radlatiim. Cardium e Genus. — Arca. Lam. Species. — A. glacially Testa, ovall-clliptica, (enui, viliosa, alba, concentiice et transvcrsini striala ; postice rolundata ; umbonibus approximatis ; dcntibus sub-obsoletis ; niai'gine iiilrgcninio. Area glaciulis. (Irui/, iitsiiprn. Shell, thin, oval, elliptical, rounded before and behind, regularly, finely concentrically, and transversely striated; epidermis, silky; umboncs, to- wards the joint, incurved, nearly close ; intermediate space, lanceolate, ventricosc ; margin, even, thin ; hinge-teeth very small, indistinct in the middle, rather larger at each end ; length 3-lths of an inch, depth 3-8ths, breadUi 4-5ths. minimal, mantle lobes separate ; foot flat, compressed, snbquadrate, front two cut, with one or two fibres from the lower edge : trachea none. Family. — Mytilid^. Genus. — Modiola. Lamarck. ** Shell longitiidinalli/ obliquely sUialcd. (Modiola Arctica, of Dr. Leach, in Ross's Voyage, is Mytilus Fabr., O. Fab., Fauna GrxnlatuUca, 419. _ — . Cliemmtg, viij., 181. t. 85. f. 701.) *** iS7/t'//, middle smooth, sinuatcd, before and behind, gemraibf striated. Species I. — Modiola nigra. Modiola discrepans. Leach. Ross's Voyage, not of Lamarck. Mytilus discrepans. Mont, Bi'it. Shells, t. 26. f. 4, Species 2. — Modiola lavigata. ZOOLOGY. CCxlv Testa ovali-elliptica, convexa, vircsccns, antic^ obsolett- costostriata, pos- tic6 rotundata laevigata. Mytilus discors. Chemn., viij. 193. t. 80. f. 764. a. b. Modiola la'vigata. (inv/, id siiprn. Shell, oval, elliptical, convex, vcntricose, front with a few obsolete ribbed- striff ; middle and hinder part smooth, end rounded ; epidermis, brownish or yellowish green ; length one inch, depth 3-8ths, breadth one half of an inch. Variety 0. — Siihslriula, shell more oblong, hinder portion very closely obsoletcly striated. Two odd worn valves of this variety, which, on further examination, may probably be considered as a distinct species, were brouglit home by this expedition. Order. — Micropoda. Family. — Pectenid;!',. Genus. — Pecten. Lfl/»i. Species. — P. vitreus. Testa orbicularis, tenuis, hyalina, planulatalavissima, lucida, subequivalvis ; auriculis subequalibus laivibus. Pecten vitreus. Gra^, lit supra. Shell, orbicular, thin, hyaline, quite smooth, glossy; valves, right, flattish, ears, front slightly dilated, rounded, tender, obliquely truncated ; left, rather convex; ears equal, obliquely truncated; margin even; length and depth one inch, breadth l-4th. Animal, mantle lobes, separate ; edge, fringed ; foot, ovate, thick. Trachea; none. • . Class. — SpiRonnAcnioinioRA. Family. — ^Terebratulidje. Genus. — Terebkatula. Lam. Species — T. psittacea, Lin. List. Conch., t. 211., (AG, 2 h 2 k, (;- •li, f " m !!' ^^^ ^4 J ccxlvi APPENDIX. ,^ Sub Kingdom. — Annulosa. Class. — C I RR I PEDES. Order. — Acamptosomata. Family. — BALANiDi^. Genus. — Balanijs. Leach. Species. — Balanus glacialis. Testa subcylindrica, obliqua, albida, obsoletJ; fransvcrsim striata ; opcrculo antic6 profunde transversim sulcato, postic^ irregularitcr striato ; apicc acuto inflexo. Shell, nearly cylindrical, oblique, aggregate ; valves, slightly irregularly transversely striated ; operculum, forepart deeply tranvcrscly furrowed ; hind part irregularly striated ; apex acute, bent forwards. Class. — ClLtTIPODA. Order. — Seukntauia. Fam. — SERPtLAD.i:. Genus. — Spiitonms. Lamarck. Species 1. — ar.t, of yellowish and greyish colour, and contains, among other remains of zoophytes and shells, abundance of the same species of Terebratula, which arc characteristic of that rock in various alpine tracts in Europe. A greyish-brown fetid variety of limestone, from the north side of Barrow's Strait, bears great rescmblu c to the mountain limestone as it occurs in Derbyshire; it contains parts of corallines, which arc, however, too imperfect to be determined. The chert, or hornstoiie, of which likewise specimens were found in those parts, may, perhaps, occur as subordinate beds in this transition limestone. Among the specimens from Riley Cape is a fragment of white granular marble passing into compact. Not less indicative of the formation to which the above-mentioned varie- ties of limestone belong, is a calaireous mass, which, it would seem, abounds in various parts of the north coast of Barrow's Strait, on the eastern coast of Prince Regent's Inlet, and which also occurs on the South coast of North Georgia. This limestone, which bears some resemblance to that of Goth- land, in which parts of the stems of Encrini are found, is yet sufficiently distinct from this, and all other varieties I am acquainted with, to deserve being briefly noticed in this place. It is of a yellowish white colour, and, in most hand specimens, exhibits a uniform coarse-granular structuie ; it is friable, and the grains are indeter- minately angular, more or less shining, and sometimes intermixed with, or cemented by, calcareous matter of a deeper yellow. Reduced to powder, it emits a yellow phosphorescent light when strewed on a heated iron. This : ' \r 1 I i (I * ■ .-!' ,< It t I .4 Hi ccl APPENblK. calciucous rock, in gome specimens from Priiu'e Ilc^'i^ i* i Jdilct, ubou'.iiU wllh parts of the jointed stem and sii\i;le joints of u z<> {•!«• u l)cloiiginj^ to the natunil order of Encrini ; other specimens aj)pi'ar to be entirel'- witliout these bodies : but on snbjectini; tlie dirterent varieties ofa^grcL^ation to a ch>ser examination, it will be found that those uhieh cuntuin no remains mani- festly beh)iiging to the just nientioned ori^anized fossil bodies, are, never- tlielcss, entirely composed of their (htritiis. This encrinitic mass, in single specimens, might reailily be mistak<>n for a friable variety of conunon granular limestone, did not a comparison of a scries of speeimeris prove that appear- ance tt> be produced by tlu' extreme eonuninution of the substance of those fossil zoophytes, each particle of which still exhibits planes of cleavage parallel to the primitive rhombohedron. The joints of the stem and branches of the zoophyte which ap|)ears to have thus largely contributed to the formation of this mass, arc mostly cylin- drical ; tlieir thickness is in an inverted ratio with that of the column of which Ihcy form parts ; those near the body being the largest and thinnest. Cylin- drical portions of the stem, formed by these thinner vertcbnu, exhibit on their surface hemispheric concavities, some of them large enough to occupy from four to six of the thin joints or vert»'bra\ the lines of se])aration of which are seen to traverse the cavities in a horizontal direction. They are tlic sockets of articulation, in which the branches of the stem were inserted. The casts produced from these concavities in the surrounding nuiss, might, when seen without their moulds, be easily mistaken for distinct organic remains. There is little doubt that this zoojihyte is related to some of those encrinites of which parts of the stem and branches so frequently occur in the transition limestone of (lothland. It seems to me also probable that many of the screw stones (Epitonium, L.) owe tlieir origin to the decompo- sition of the stems of species belonging to this genus. Another species of a genus of zoophytes, peculiar to the transition limestone, was found by Captain Parry, in Prince ilegent's Inlet, at the foot of a high hill. It is a fine Catenipora, which appears to be quite dis- ^% i nocK spF.i nir.Ns. cell linct from llic comino chain coral of Gothluiul, and oMicr countries. Lamarck has two species of this j^irnus, namely, the common one, wliieh is (rather unaptly) callc«l by him ('. cKharoides ; and another, which he •"! !l cclii ArPENDlX. — loss 1.11. lis sipccific gravity ]Mr. Children found to be 2.C7. Before the blo\v-pi])C it melts into a milk-white enamel. Its colour is a dirty yellowish green, passing into brownish. It is scratched by the knife; streak white. Fracture uneven, dull, approaching to resinous; here and there with small planes of cleavage, which arc shining, and even splendent. It is rather easily frangible ; the fragments are indeterminately angular, and translucent at the edges. This substance, which I suppose constitutes a distinct species among the silicates of .sodium, appears to be one of those which enter the composition of tlic rock called Gabbro by ^Ir. Von Buch. As probably connected with this formation we may consider the magnetic iron-stone, of which some specimens were gathered in lat. 72° 45', long. 90'' Avcst; it is of a very fine grain, and occurs also disseminated in, and alter- nating M'ith, granular quartz, exhibiting while and grey stripes. Some s])ccimcns also of jaspery ironstone, mixed with jjarticles of quartz, were found on the eastern coast of Prince Hegent's Inlet. Nor is the j)rcsencc of iron less observtble in specimens referable to more recent formations of trap from the same quarter, such as various kintate, and in the shape of irregular veins and (lircads. Another variety from the same place »« rather remarkable from its e\hibiling heri> and there small cavities, drused by minute (luaKz crystals, and coated by scaly red ir instone. In another specimen, small grains of ironstone, attracted by the magnet, were seen, and, upon examination, found to be titaniferous. The few pieces of horid)lende rock from this island, seem to be detached from boulders found in Winter Harbour; among them is also a sj)ecimen of a slaty com]>ound of hornblende, mica, and red felilspar. * See my description of it in Pleus's Acconnl of Jersey, p. 23'i. .1 ■I >( 1^ r 3 i i *i. I ccliv APPENDIX. 'A ' The principal formation of the island appears to be the fletz sandstone, with the subordinate one of coal and ironstone. The structure of the cliffs alrn^ a considerable extent of the northern shore of Barrow's Strait, cx- hib'ting, beside horizontal stratification, numerous buttress-like projections an of a luxuriant and stately vegetation. There is also among the specimens of sandstcuie from the same place, one bearing the impression of a thin, longitudiiuilly-striated slcm, not unlike that of some reed. The coal itself is of a more or less slaty structure, and approaches, in some specimens, to the nature of brown coal ; its colour is of a brownish black : it is easily cleft, and the planes of separation, which are without lustre, exhibit heie and there black shilling spots, and lines apparently of a bituminous nature. I* emits no unpleasant smell when burning, and leaves copious greyish-white ashes. This coal is not the same with (hat of Disco Island, which contains the amber; it ditlers from it both in colour and structure. There is a piece of fine pitch coal or jet among the objects picked up in the neighbourhood of Cape Hcarne. Part of the specimens of argillaceous and brown ironstone, found in Melville Island, evidently belong to the same formation as the sandstone so abundant in tlicsc parts, and are alike concomitants of the coal. They consist chiefly of rounded pieces, and likewise of gcodcs : the former appear !. x: ♦1 «i^ I' m ■ I- '%i f*"f ■'4 cclvi APPENDIX. also to exist here in the shape of a conglomerate. Some specimens from Table-hill and its neighbourhood, as also from Liddon's Gulf, are marked with the impressions of bivalves, particularly of a small, flat, ovate cuneiform species of Avjcula, of which a figure will be given elsewhere under the name o( A. jSlelvilliana. One of the fragments of compact brown ironstone exhibits a glossy surface and fracture, approaching to librous. There are also specimens of sandstone which exhibit a transition into a kind of brown ironstone: in this state it is generally seen as tabular pieces, similar to that which in some parts of Norway, ^'C, is deposited in beds of a few inches* thickness in sandstone, into which it ]>asses. In the same manner the hydrous oxydc of iron is seen to penetrate clay which here and there slightly cftervesces with acids, and is therefore a ferru- ginous marl. There arc a few varieties of slate-clay, such as might be expected to occur with coal and sand-stone formations : they are very soft, of ash-grey, and greonish-grcy colour, and were found overlaid by sandstone at the bottom of ravines. . r The limestone from Wclvillc Island, especially that from Table-hill, bears the character bcloiiging to that of the oldest fietz or transition formation. The secondary fossils which it contains arc chiefly bivalve shells and coral- lines. None of these, however, are perfect enough to admit of the deter- mination of the genera to which they respectively belong, except a small species of Terebratula of that division which comprehends the Petunculi of earlier writers on petrifactions, and a species of Favosites, which docs not appear to diflcr from F. Gothlamiictis. There are a few specimens among those from Winter Harbour and Table- hill, which appear to bespeak the presence of fletz trap-rocks in Melville Island ; but being found as rolled stones, they do not allow any judgment being formed of the relation in which they stand to the other formations. I have $ ;eu from those parts a few small fragments of calceUony, with opaque ROCK SPECIMENS. cclvii stripes like the onyx from Iceland and Fcrroo ; fragments of red jasper, and of a jaspery breccia ; apiece of a compact hornstonc-like mass of greenish colour mixed with reddish, and small rolled pieces of basalt. There is also among them a specimen of wood-hornstone of greyish-brown colour, with concentric yellowish-white rings. Nor should I omit mentioning a similar specimen of woodstonc from Byam Martin's Island, with numerous close con- centric rings, the curve of which indicates its being a fragment of the stem of a petrified dicotyledonous tree. It is susceptible of taking a beautiful polish. -If- II :(" >r ^t- J ■\ : 'I i )i -t J\ i t f Ha jijj- i; if ^1 wIIt N:- SKSfc <* ^' Mi^ Pkl M^Vt '^ W Hlwi ^ 16, H i ■Tl. ' APPENDIX XL 1* BOTANY. 1*' H'! 2 k I ' 4 ^^ 1^ i it 1 I FiP 1 ^lisi r ■■ I- ' HpI J . :f .k ii^^ % %■ II: 'f. m N^- XL ^Ir A LIST OF PLANTS, tOLLE(Ti,r> IN JMELA'ILI.E ISLAND, BY THE OFFICERS OF THE EXPEDITION; WITH CHAUACTEllS AM) DESCRIPTIONS OF THE NEW SPECIES. BY JIOBKUT iniOW'X, F.ll.S. and L.S. THE followiiipr list of till- Plants observed in Melville Islaiul, chiefly in the viciiiitv of Winter Harbour, is drawn np from tlie Herbaria of Captain Sabine, Mr. Edwards, Mr. .Tames Ross, Ca])tain Parry, Mr. Fislier, and Mr. Beverley, whose names are here given in the order of the extent of tlieir eollections. To Captain Parry, Mr. Edwards, Mr. Eislier, and Mr. Ross, I am indehtwl for complete series of specimens of their respective collections; and I havi' to offer my acknowled'nnents to Captain Sabine for having allowed me freely to examine his more exten.sive herbarium, and to retain it until he was alwiit to leave Enolund, in Octobci-, liS21, when the whole, in compliance with his re(iuest, was returned to hiin. The delay that has taken place in the publication of the present account has been, in part, owing to the state of my health ihiring a considerable jH)rti()n of the time that has elapsed since the collections were placed in my hands. I have also experienced much greater difficulty than I had anticipated in determining many of the species; arising cither from their extremely variable nature, from the incomplete state of the .specimens 2 k '.> life Its-' V ' P\ f * I ' k i i cclxii PHEFATOHY RKMAKKS. viuitiiiiU'tl ill tlif it'llirtioiis, or from llic waul of aiilla-ntic sjuriimiH of otiior I'oiinirux, with vvliiili ii «a> lunsHjiry to ronijiaii- tlu-iii. I may notiir, liki'wis*.*, as a third taiisi- nf thi' (Kla\, ihi' f^ivali-r i-Moiit of my original plan, whiili iiu'hidfd rtiiiarks on the >tali.' and iililivi- |)ro|M)rtions of tlic priniary «hvisioiis and Maliiral orders contained In iIk' li'>t ; a omipariMHi with thi' vi';;;i'tatioii of ri7;ion.s of marly similar tTniialos ; and ii\ation> on ilu' ran;;.' of those -jarii's i-ommon to Mflvilli- Island and oilur parts of tlio world, 'r avards tlu' completion of this plan I had madi- coiisiilcrahlc projfrcss. Hut to havi' s,iii,sfiictorily treated Mimi' of the sid»ieits refcrn il to would have rmpiired more time than I have had if in my |M)wer to devote to them, and in several cases better materials than I havi hitherto liivn able to obtain. 1 have conseijuently foimd il neces>ary to reliminish, for the present, this part of my plan*, and to coiidiie myself to a systematic ii-^t, iuldinjj only characters and descriptions lu, ^^i'Ki • I shall here ufT.'r a single reaurk an ti»u relative piojjortions of tlio two primary divisloas ol Pliaaogamous Plants. Ill my e.nliest obseivatioiis on tliis sulyeet I had come to the conclusion that from 4J° as I'.ir as 'io^ ur perhaps ().0° of North Latitude, tiie proportion ot Uicotyie'lonoiis to .Monocotylcduiioiis plants gradu.illy (liiiiitiishcd. (Fliii'krs' toy. i. /). 53S.) llul fntin a siihseov.- tile level of t-n; sea, the relatire numbors of llitse (wo divisions were again inverted; (TiaLey's Cuuju, p. 4- i ) in the list of Clrecnland plants referred to, Dicotyledones beiujj to Monocolyledones as four to one, or in marly the equinoctial ratio; and in the vegntalion of Spit/licrgen, as well as it could bo judged of from the malcriaU hitherto collected, the proportion if Dicotyledones appearing; to be still further increased. This inversion in the cases now mentioned was found to depc-nd at least as much on the reduction of 'ihe proportion of (iraminete, as on the increase of certain Dicotyledonous families, especially Saxiir:ii;cu; and Crucif'srop. The Flora of Melville Island, however, which, as far as relates to the two primary divisions of Phainoganious plants, is probably as much to be depended on as any local catalogue hitherto published, leads to very ditferent conclusi'ins ; Dicotyledones being in the present list to iMono- cotyledones as five to two, or in as low a ratio as has been any where yet observed; while the proportion of C.rasscs, instead of being reduced, is nearly double what has been found in any olhd-part of the world; (see Heniboldt, in Diet, des Sciences Nat., torn. 18, table at p. 41H.) this family forming one-fifth of the whole Phsenogamous vegetation. -"^ rur.lATOUY UEMAHKS. cclxiii of the new or im|)«.ififtly known giiurii an»U|»tfuw ; tluonly inilii'mlnii lift of my iiittniion lo treat any of the siil)jiTts ulliulid lo Idinj^ a jjivuttr niinilKT of nfcriiUTM l«» aiilliors than is ahsoliitoly necoNsary for tin* ])ri>sont list, tlioti<;li essential to my original tlesi^Mi. Willi this more limitid plan, jinti uitli its execution, as fir at least as regards the deter- wiination of several of the speeies, I am so little satisfied, that had the ptihlieation depiiided entirely on myself, and related solely lo the present essiiy, 1 shoulil have deferred it siill lonjjer, prolxdily until the return of Captain I'arry from ihe arduous enterprise in whieli he is now embarked. I have, however, to express my regret f»ir ilu' delay that has i'lready taken place, as it has prevented tin- apj)earanee of ilie valuable memoirs in olhtr dipartments of Natural History, which have been htng ready fer pid)licatioii ; and also as it ha^ till now deprived Hotanists of the exi (iginvs so admirably illustrating the scruelure of the plants •^elected for engraving, .oid for which it is hardly iieces>ary to add liiat I am iiulebteil lo the friendship of Mr. IJauer. HI I t I i r i •(I m! IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ^^^ ^o 1.0 I.I ■yuu 1.8 1.25 ju |l.6 ■• 6" - ► V] <^ /2 %f :> > ^ '/ Photographic Sdences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14380 (716) S72-4S03 ^ v V \\ fv 6^ '•b o f/. ^ cclxiv APPENDIX. DKOTYLEDOXKS. IIANUXCIILACE.E. 1. R.\xrx( iLUs xivAl.is, foliis radicalibus iloii/^atopotiolatis dilatati.4 lobatis: lobis sulv)vatis : cauliiiis suhsessilibiis iialmatis, caule ertxrto subunifloro, petalLs obuvatis integcr- riiiiis longiorilius imIvci.' Iiirsutissinio, stvl's ivi'tiiisciilisovariii fjlabra iLujuantibus. llanunciiliis nivalis, ll'ahlrnlj. lapp. p. 15(j. Schli'chtrnd. raniivcul. sect. pott. p. \l. i3. folia radiialia basi luiioata vi\ ad niodiuiii lobata, lobo niccbo scniiovato basi iatiorc, pctala <)rl)ic'idat(>-(>b()vata falyci- Iiirsutissinio si'sqiiilonjfiora. Ranunculus nivalis, fi. WaMcnh. !iipp. p. 157. (oxtlus. .syn. Martens spitzb.) llaiiuiKiiIus sulpluiivus. SoUmd. in Phipps" rui/. p. ^02, (fidu spcciininis unici bifluri ab.s(ju(.' foliis railiaililius, in Hcrl). Hanks.) DrCand. -sj/st. nut. p. STt, (oxdus. syn. Martens spitzli., I,;i\inanni, WilKlonovii .t Smitliii.) Br. spitzb. pi. in Scorexby'i arct. ri'j. 1. (ippofd. p. 7.5. Richardson in F/(in/,/iii's journ. p. 74i2. y. folia radiailia basi siilKuni'ata v. transversa alto lobata, lobo medio ouneato-olxivato basi an^ustiori'. 0//V. \'ariitas 7. eiijus exeinplariatbio tantuni a nobis visa jiroximeairedit a. t|ua.', in Insula Melville baud observata, seiiuenlibus nolis distiii;ita, lobo uiedio cuneato-obovato Irisi an.4.jS. /. 4. n. 16. Flw. Dan. 331. ZfP;x. for. island, in Olafs. rrisf. 2. p. 237. Willdcn. sp. pi. 2. p. 1,'J22. Per' syn. 2. p. 104. Wahlenli.lapp. p. loH. De Catid. syst, nat. 1. p. 272. Schlechtend. rummcul. sect. post. ;;. 12. TJOTANV, cclxv Ranunculus foliis subrolundis trilobis itit(.'ii,vrriniis, caule rt'}),.'nto. Ginel. Sib. 4. -p. 204. t. 83. b. Desc. Hcrha pusilla {rlabra. Folia cl()Hf]rat()-pcti()lata, alte triHda, lobo medio ovali siupis- sime indiviso, lateralibus sicpius bifidis lobulo I'Xtcriore iniiiore, nunc indivisis, rarissimc tri- fidis. Pciioli flliformes basi vajfinantes. Pcdunculi oppositifolii, pctioluni subii'ijuantes, sfrpius pilis sparsis adpressis. Ca/yx tetrapbyllus nunc triphylliis, (an unquaui 5-i)Iiyllusi') foliolis concavis pilosiuscidis. Petala 5, calyce nianil'este lonoiora, lamina obovata, intus nitenti trincrvi, ungue linoari, apice fovcola an<>-usta niarginata. Stamina 15 — 18, petalis brcviora, Jilammtis iniL'((uain)us, antheris ovalibus. Achrnia (^0 tirciter) in ai])ituhini ovatuni congosta, stigmate bx'cvi mucronulata. 4. Raxcnculus AFFtxis, foliisradicalibuspudato-multilidis petiolatis; caulinis subscssilibus digitalis ; lobis omnimn lincaribus, caule erccto 1-2-floro cum calycibus ovariisc[ue pubes- centibus, fructibus obl«)ng(»-cylindraceis, acheniis rostro recurvo. Obs. R. auriconio proxima specie^. 5. Caltha arctica, caule rcpcnte, foliis veniforniibus crenato-ropandis oblusis, folliculis (12— 1()) imbricatis, stigmate persistente adnato a})lce recurvo, antheris llnearibus viginti pluribus. Obs. Affinitate C. radicanti acccdit ; figura foliorum et caulo repente convenit cum C. natante, (luic facile distinguenda pistillis stamina longitudine et numero superantlbus, in capitulum spluericum dense congestis, stigmatibus mtis sim])licibus subrrosilibus, antheris ovtdibus, floribus albis foliiscpie alicjuoties minoribus, et facie diversissinia. PArAVERACE.E. (j. Papavkk Ni-nirAL'i.K. Linn. sp. pi. nl. 2. p. 11^5. Flor. Dan. il. JVilUrn.sp.pl. 2. p. 1145. Pers. syn. 2. p. 62. Br. in Ross' voy. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 193. Hooker in Scoresby'^s Grecnl. p. 41 (J. Tapaver nudicaule y. radicatum. De Cand. syst. nat. 2. p. 70. Papavei- radicatum. Rottb. in act. Hafn. 10. p. 455. t. 8. p. 24. Br. spitzb. pi. in Scoresby''s arct. reg. 1. append, p. 75. CRUCIFERyE. 7. Draba alpixa. Lin7i. sp. pi. ed. 1. p. 642. ed. 2. p. S9(J. IVillden. sp. pi. 3. p. 425. Pers. syn. 2. p. 190. JVahlenb. lapp. p. 173. De Cand. -^y^. nut. 2. p. 338. a. bilicubt glal)ra?. Draba alpina Herb. Linn. |S. silicuUe pilosne. Draba alpina. Br. spitzb. pi. in Scoresby's arct. reg. 1. appe7id. p. 75. .iff*!'* 1 m •11. 11 VI h ^ 0*9, S '< I " 'if. i w\ I: u cclxvi APPF.N'niX. S. DuAiiA I'ArciKi.nuA, si'iipis apliyllis |H'(licTllisi|iio pilosis, foiiis lanceolatis iiitt'j:;or- riiuis jiilis I'liiratis siinpru'ibiis(|uo, petalis (Havis) spatlnilatis calycvin lursiituni vix siiperan. tihiis, (ivnriis sjlahris. ()/'^\ Diihia s))ecios, alpina> proxinin, nijiis oxoniplar iinicuni in Herb. D. Sabinu vidi. p. DnAiiA T.APi'ONicA. D'! CinuL <:i/st . vat. il. p. 'Mi. Draba ancb'osaiTa. l\'iihh'»l>. lnjip. p. 174. /. 11. /'. o. oxclus. svn. Dr.sc. Hmlir fusifoniiis, fi])ris noiinnllis loiif^is siiiipliiibiis, multireps. Cniili'n breves, ilivisi, basi ri'li'.[uiis potiolonim omariidis albis s(|iiaiiiati, partialos seminicinlos, donso foliati. Folia lamoolata v. (<>-laiHT<)lata aciitiusciila. plana, iiite<:jorrinia, vonis alte iinmersis anastonio/antibus, iiiarijinihiis ciliatis pilis pati'iitibiis siinplinb\is ])am'issiinisqiu> fiireatis, pau:iiiis adiiltnrmn i^labris, lunolloriini pnbi- bn-vi raiiiosa siibstellata coiispersis. Srnpi imciakv-; — sostiuiiinciali's, sa^pissimo apbylli. nunc folio iniii-o lanceolatcvlineari instriieti, <^la- bt-rrinii, l.vvi-s. Cnriinihi .'5-f)-Hori podifcHis irlabcrriinis ))ati'ntibus, inforioribiis flore sa'jn- loiiijicMibns. Cahj.r : foliolis concavis. ovalibus. extus vel ])ilis nonniillis sinij)linbiis con- .spersis vol s;v))iiis jjlabfrriniis. Pftalu alba, caivce diiplo lon^iora, iinguo brovi, hnniiin ()l)ovata vonosa. StDiv'ni trtradynama, calycf lon^iora, jK'talis broviora, //Ar/«^'«7/v odentulis, fvifh'Tis- imiforiniliiis, snbrotiiiidis ochrolinu'is. Oi^irium sossile ovatmn glabriini. Siyhis bivvissinnis. Sf}'rrj/)r( capitato-l)ilobinn, stylo nianifostc latins. Si/iriiffP raeoinoso-corymbosa", lancoolativovatn', jjlabne, stiirniate siibsessili aj>ienlat!V, podiii-llis patentibns panio longiores polyspt'nna\ Si'nv'nn biseriata. inmiari^inata. 10. CociiT.KAUiA iKNKsTit ATA, siliciilis I'lliptii'is ovalilinsvo, valvis subaveniis, di>^sopi- iiKMito elliptictvlanceolato axi sR'pins fonestrato, foiiis radiialilnis conlatis intcj^vrrimis; caii- linis spatlinlato oblongis subdentatis. f'odilearia fcnostrata. Br. in Ihiss" roi/. nl. 2. vol. ?2. p. 193. Dc Ctiml. sy.st. ?i(tf. ^. p. 367. Df.s( . Species polymorplia. Fn/ia radicalia renifornii-conlata, cito decidua ; caulina sessilia, inte, veiiis alti- inniiersis. Di'fst'jnmpntum nunc ellipticuni, nunc oblonguni v. angustato-oblonguni, e lanicllis duabus tenuissimis facile sejjarandis; loculi j)olvspcmii. Funiculi umhilicalrs basibus connexis oj)e nienibrana' angustjv dis.sepin)cnto parallehe. Si'/nina contraria, b. e. cruribus enibryonis inviceni septcMpie parallelis, ovata, reticulata, inniiarginata. Ohs. In exeniplari unico Siliculas passim trilocidares trivalves ilisscpimcnto pariter fencs- trato observavi. PLATYPETALUM. Char. Gkx. Silirula ovalis jM)ly.spernia, valvis convexis. Cotyledones incumbentes. Stylus brevissimus. Calyx subpateus. Pi'talorum lamina* dilatata>. BOTANY. cclxvii Habitus fire Hrayjc quarum sfruchtrn floris coUjlrdoiiibmijui- inrumhentibm convrnit ; satis diversum pericarpn furinn. Affhir quoqw Siil)iilariii' rsxe ridctur, qxi(e oh coty- Ipdones nngustas bicrures, in emhryonn tavlum. hirniri ith i>(td"m trihu minimi; ri'nw- venda, Notis fructificationis plurifnia accpdit i-tiam Steiiopetalo nob. quod calyce dauso, fetalis subulatit! ^landulis reccptacu/i rf habitu div/'/simniuni, ncc reiura ajjhn'. 11. PuATYPETALUM I'URiMRAScKNs, stijjiiiatc l)il()l)() patciiti, stvlo manifesto, scapis mulis iinif(>liis(]tiL> puht'stentibus, siliciilis j^labiiusculis. l)i;sc. Radix piTcnnis, fiisifonnis s;v\k' iiiiilticaiilis. Caulexhwws, iiulivisi, basi demidati, supra dense foliati. Folia laneeolata, obtiisiuseula, intej>ernt)ia, rariiis dinte imo altt^vove iii- .structa, enissii, aveiiia, la-te-viridia, aj)iee ))ilis iionnullis albisaeiitissiniplieibiisrariusve tiireatis pleniiiu|iie obsita; /W/'o/ibasi dilatati iiieniljianacei inilluii. Srapi terminales, siv])iiis aplivlli, vix uneiales, basi mine glabrati. Co/yndmi ^■-(Uilorus, ebraeteatiis. Culyj niodiee patens, sepalis ovatis eoneavis subircpialihiis, extiis fiiseo-pm-jnireis, limbo angnsto albo. apiee sii'])c pilosiusculis (jiiandoque i()ribiis, intejfns, obtiisissiniis, uno-ueslineares su|H;rantibus. Glandnlre reeept.uuli (luatiior, per paria aj)])roximata', latera iilamentonini brevioruni stipantes. Stamina tetiadynama, y/A(//;/'w//v edentulis distinetis; antheris uni- fonnibiis subrutundis oehroleucis. Orarinni, sessile, ovale, ])nbeseens pilis acutis simpli- cibns nunierosis albis. Stylus brcvissimus, tamen nuuiifestus. Stigma: lobis patentibus, obtiisis, ])apidosis. Silicula: corvnibosa-, ovales, stylo brevissinio einn stimulate patent! aj)ieulata', bil«K"ulures, polysj)erniie, valvis imnbee eoneavis, dissepimento eoni])leto. Si'mina inunaririnata, fusea. 12. I'l.ATYPETALi'M Dtiiiil'M, stigniatc indiviso subsessili, silieiilis scapisque pubeseentibus. Obs. Floribns ignotis dubiie generis planta eiijus exeniplaria tria in Herb. 1). Sabine exstant. Cotyledones certe iiienmbentes et lineares, basibus tamen cms radieulare enibryonis vix oceiipantibus. EUTREMA. Siliqua (abbreviata) anccps, valvis carinatis, dissepimento incompleto ! Cotylrdo?}rs in- cumbcntes. Herba habitu omnino IJrayic i-t Platypetali, quibiis maximc affine genus, distiv guaidum tamen facile siliqua a7icipiti, dissepimento incompleto, et seminum fumcuhs. * w S!> ■ '^ h 13. EUTREMA EDWARDSII— Tab. A. Desc. Herba porcnnis, glabra, 2.3-uneialis. Radix fnsiformis, crassa, biuncialis, striis transversis tenuibus sa-jie subannulata, fibrillas numerosas exserens, multicaidis. Caules sini- plicissinii, erecti, pancifolii. Folia radiealia clongato-petiolata, ovato-lanceolata, integerrima rarissiine jiaucidentata, crassiiiscula, plana, uninervia, vcnis alto inunersis crebre anastomo- 2 1 cclxviii API'KNDIX. Si : K ziuUibiis iiicoiispicuis, frliilK-rrima: polioHs folio 't-j-ios luiin;u)nl)us, rmearihus nuinbranacns, albifaiitibiiM, advorsus liicfiu triiierviis ; caidina radkalihus lonf'ormia, iiiiVriora hri'vi po- tiulat.i, siiperiora Mibsossilia. Con/ml/i T-lO-Hori, tloiisi, iolio Horali si-ssili kv\k' subtoiisi, ca- UTiiiu (.'bruc'loati. L\t/i/.i jjlalKT, si'palis a-(|iialil)us, ovatis, obtusis, nuHlico com-avis, trinerviis, extra uK'cruim jjurpiirahtviilibiis, iiisi.Tlii)iu' |)aniiii iiij».H|iialibus. Pclala all)a, calyce f!es<|uilon- 'ili api^uiata'. Valcci' lariiiata', (.ariiia inauifV.-ta, vfiils iimncr^i-, corticc ilonuini ail uiargiiies soluhiii, in disco airtiiK adluTcnti ; rcplum cortitv |)ai-iU'r scparabili. Disxrpi- 'DU'iiluiii, jn-iu'tLT basin apicrnKiiie uhi sa-piiis c'ouiplotnni, j)li'riini(int.' luariro ptTanirustus ail iiti'unu|iic laliis cnjiis jjI'dcissiis monibranacciis an<;ustior e quo funiculi unihiiicak's biwissimi obtusi crassi pa})i!la'foi"nics orti. Semina innnarffinata, fiisca, hvvia. (Aiti/h'dnnt'K incuiii- bfulcs, lincari-oblonga-, plano-couvcxiuscuhr, basi attcnuata brevi in crinv raiiiculari sita. Ohs. This .sjKcios is named in honour of Mr. Kdwards, Surfjcon of the Hccla, from whose extensive and well-preserved herbarium I have derived pius appressis, basibus conflucntibus et quasi in latera styli decurren- tibus. Siliqim racemosa^, crectiP, nonnuILT ([uandoque penduliv, pedicellis patentibus, intra cicatrices floris sessiles, lineari-oblonga-, passim siliculifonnes, iitrinque obtustf. Valvce planif, Iininervia', venosa'. Dissepitnentum completum (rarissinie fenestratum foramine inagno v. parvo) arachnoideo-areolatum, axi quandoque opaciori paulo incrassato, lineisve , |)laniii$ciila>, aceiiinhentoH, aveniue. Rudiculii tores, aeuta. Ous. I'arrya" altera spwies est /'. Mdcrocarpa, sirujuis lanceolato-linearihuM iitrin(|ue acutis inter seniina sjpjk' ecinstrietis, antheris linearihus, petlieellis floriferis liispidiiiHculis, foliis ineisis (lentatis»nie ; (jiue Canlaniine mulieaulis, Z,i««. s/j. ju/. ft/. 1, p. 654, iidc 8|)eciminis luiiei tVuetiferi abM|iie Horihiis illius iierlMirii. Cardaniine, &c. Gitud. sib. iJ. p. 5273. n. 443. Caniamine artieulata, Pursh, (tin. 2. p. 4{i{). Dc Cand. .si/.st, U. p. 2()8. Arabis iiiidieaulis, Dc Cand. .^yst. U. p. 240. KXPLICATIO TAliUL.E— B. Paurya auctka. — 1, S, et !3. IMantiv florida'et iil planta fruetifera; ounies niagnitiidine naturali. Secjuentes niasiiltL' calyco paiilo longioros. 18. Stkt.i.aria Kdwahdsii, foliis ovato-janccolatis iiitt'jreiTiniis enerviis nitidis, pcdnn- culis terniinalibns uiiifloris trilidisvo, petalis bipartitis calyi'c iirnmisc triiicrvi lonj^ioribus, antberis jmrpurcis. Obi. Duplex varietas. In a. (ciijiis exeniplaria plurima in Milville Island, et arupia anno 1792, ad Chester- field Inlet lecta vidi) folia ovata aeuta v. t)vato-laneeolata, peduneiili solitarii v. trifidi, laterulibus s«!pissinie iiniHoris altero nunc abortiente, duni solitarii ebracteati, dum divisi bibracteati, bracteis seinifoliaceis niar<>;iiie iiienibranaceo ciliato, pedicellis lateralibus pariter bibracteatis. Caiilis et folia sapiiis fflaberriina, caiilis nunc villosiusculns et folia basi eiliatu villis tenuibus laxis. /3. (cujus exeniplaria duo, ([uoruiii alteruni ninlticaule,) folia ovato-lanceolata apice subatte- iiuata nitidissinia, pedunculi siej/ius uniHori. CaiiUs et folia «laberrinia. In utraipie fructus desideratur, qui exstat in S. iMlwardsii, Richards'on i?i Franklin's jour n. p. 738. In liae vero, (jua- forsan distincta sj)eciis, antliera' ochroleuca' iiiiniina- et polline desti- tutoc, styli elongati et stigmata iiianifestiora, caiiles et folia glaberriiiia, cajisula erecta calvce fere tlujjlo longior semisewalvis, seniina reiiilbrinia la'via fusca. De Stellaria iiitida Hooker in Scoresby greenl. p. 411. ciii secunduin auctoreni folia lan- coolata siccitate subtrinervia, flores subpanieulat' ; t antliera' flavir, inccrtus sum. 19. AiiENAUiA uuAOKiVALVis, foliis sid)ulatis acutis glaberrimis tiinerviis, peduncnlis IiniHoris elongatis pubescentibus, calvcibus acutissimis trinerviis petala elliplica siijierantibus capsula (luadrivalvi (nuiie 3 — 6-valvi) sa-pius brevioribus. Alsine rubella, Wahlenb. hipp. 12S, t. (i, forsan liaud distincta; sed secundum auctorein capsula f}-valvis petala rubella et in icone subspatluilata basi valde attenuata. Desc. Herba 1-2-uncialis. Radix pcrennis, desccndens. Caidis a liasi ramosissinius cwsplteni densuin effbrnians, infra vaginis petiolaribus eniarcidis iiervistpie fulioruni denudatis obsitus, supra dense fuliatus. Folia opposita basi coiinata, subulata, a^uta, inutica, super concaviuscula, subter convexa, trinervia, niarginibus nudis. Pedunculi terminales solitarii, t ■f^' ft •I' '% hi i 1; ■ I ¥ r ■ t^ cclxxii APPENDIX. iiniflori, propt" basin hihractoati, bracteis lanreolatis, setnlfoHacns inarpino niombranacoo, pulK'siTiiU's pilis lirovihiis, ]K)rroctis, ^r|un(liil<>st>-('H))itatis, nuii)eru««iM. Cahfx 5-partitiiH, sfpalis laiiit-olatis, nciitissimis, vix ac-uiniiiatis, cuncuviiisciilis, triiUTviis, viridihiis nunc fnsn»-piirpurc'() tinctis inaririni- allu) nuinhranaa'o, cxtns pilis nonnullis brevissintis minute fupilalis ronsjK'rsis, juTsistens. Petula 5, intryerriina, allm, lalyi'e \mu\o breviora, ovali- ublon^a v. i-lliptica, into^orrinia, l>asi paruni attonuata, pcrsisti-ntia. Stami/ifjyni, insvrtii. Filamcnta subulaUvOlitomiia, ;j;labra. Ant/itric oilirolouciv, Hubrotundiv, Icx'ulis a|)pr(>xiinuti.s, jipp)sitis, l()nfi;itudinaliti'rdi'liiscvntibus. Onnium sossilr, ovatiini, fflabnnn, uniloculare, |M)ly- .spi'rnunu. Sti'^mata (juatuor (passim 3 ct .5) tilit'grmia, alba intus longitudinal iter iiispidulu. ('apsula calyi'i' piTsisti-uti aj)prc'sso s!V])iiis paulo loiipor, nunc fundem suba>(|uans, -()l)lonf^a, obtusa, intej^ra, alba, ciUyce paululuin loHffiora. Stamina 10. Filamcnta disco scutellit'ormi sidwarnoso jwtius perinryno (pioin by])os sc-pto iiiL'()ni|)k't() iiaralk-lo, et Hciiiina (capsiiliL* alto biluba') sco- hii'urniia, tcstu iitriii(|iit> ultra luiclciiin ovaloin i loii^ata, subulata ! 21. Saxii'uaca oi'i'osiTii oi.ia. Linn, sp.pl. rd.\l. p. olo. Ifilldi'n.Kp./iLii.p.iilS. a. Smith Brit. il. p. 450. En lU'iitiiiscitlis, iiniiursi' lurvosis, ^liil)i'is, niar^riiiilxis ril'iis iioniiuHis hri'vilxis urimtiM ; »'f ill ipsii Im.si nuliciili.H y — :) ^imj)ruil)ii>* sinj^ulis f vaj;iiia (tolmrhi/a) iiu-nihraiim-ta, |»riiii<> claiisji tli'iii latvrata iTimi|H'iitil)iis. F/oiri 1 — !J, |K'tliiiuiilati, inrti, lucdius |>rar«K-i<>r, fl)rai'ti'atii.^, latiTuli-s liractiii iiiiica luiiu- dualiiis alt('rni:< lati>-liiU'aril)iis si<>s'ililMis toliact'is. Ciilyj husi adhiiTi-ns, tHinuru) lilM'i't) .'i-partito, laciiiiis oviitts, ohtiiMiisi-iilis i>xtiis pnlu* ^lan- tliilosii f'olioniui instar loii^jursis, iiitiis , lurvis altc iniiiuTsis. I'l'tnln .'}, aiiri'a talvii' «lii|)li) loiiiruira, inrjiif l)iv\ i^simo, liiiniihi ohiivata, .5— T-iuTvi, Mipissinu' inaj)|K'ii- il'uulata, t|iiiuul«M|iii' s(|iianmla ohsolota i-xtra lurvos i-xtiiiuis. Stutmna (liiviii, falyiv |mniiu loiigiora, pi-talis hn-viora. 7'VAm/'v/^/ snhiilata. siil)a'(|ualia. Antht'np imifoniu's, ronlatii', flava-, Unulis (•()nli;,Miis iiu'dio (iiiar<;iiu) l(nii,'itudiiialitir dfl\i«rntil)iis. Vnlirn Havimi. Onviin/i hasi hivvi' tiirbinata aillii-riiiti, dimidio liln-ni bilido ; InlonilaiH'. |Milys)H'nimiii. Sti/li vix idli. Stifsi/iatii suhorhiculata, di|)ii>>a, papulosii. luroiniiiiu) j,dal)ra. t'liim/la pliis- »piaiiisi'miMi|KTa, Mlofulaiis, hiloha. lalycislaiiniis onrti.sriiu-ta, it potalis lursisli'iitihus (vix eiiiamdis) li)ii<,'i()ril)iis (Kiiillata, l«tl)is brcvihus crnssiiisc'iili« loiifjitudiiuiliti-r, Im- ad stig- iiiuta piTsistftitia iis(nu', drliistvntihiis. Si'ini/id in ravitati- l)ilri/n rectus, axilis, tcn-s, loniritiidiiio fori- diinidii ulhuminis. Coti/Unlo/U's radicida hri-vion's. 24. Saxifraua Tiiicirsi'iDATA. Rolth. in firf. Ilafn. 10. ;). IW), /. (5. n. 21. Gunn. iwrr. 2. p. V.S'i. it. 10 W5. Flor. Dnn. {)7(). Jfi/fih-n. sp. pi. 2. p. (5;>7. P/t?. .vyn. 1. p. 4{X). Sternh. saxifr. p. 54. Pvrxh. nin. 1. p. 'iYi. Glrsm'kr (hrrnl. in Edin. Rncyclop. Br. in Bass' voy.ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 192. Don in Linn. soc. tram. 13. p. 440. Richardson in Franklin's jour. p. 737. Obs. In plaiitu Insida- IMi-lvilli-, qua' statura liiiniilior, folia radioalia passim ot caulinu omnia indivisa. 25. Saxifka(;a iirrEiiiiORKA, foliis glaWrrimis : radiralihus pidniatis elonj^ato-petiolatis, caiile lanato suhbifloru, broctcis oblungo-linuaribus sos.silibus, pctalit' uniiierviis, c-apsulis scmiiiiferis. Ol)S. Proximc accedit S. rivulari Linn, et ejusdem forsan varietas. S. rividaris autom differt bracteis and>abiis sa'pius, infc'rioribiissc'm[)or siibpetiolatis obovatts, caulo inf'omc minus lanato. AI) utratiue distinita est S. petiolaris {Br. in Ross'' voy. ml. 2. r. 2. p. 192.) foliis (Nnnibus glandulis subsessilibus conspersis : radicalibus scapum aHj[uantibu!i v. .sujxiruntibus, folio llorali lobato, petalis trincrviis. ' 26. Saxifraga uniflora, foliis radicalibus aggregatis trifidis ; caulinis linearilnis in- divisis distantibus, eaule unifloro ovaricKjue infcro viscido : pul)c glandulosa brevissinia, caly- cibus obtusis, jictalis <)lx)vato-oblongis. Saxifraga caspilotia, Br, in Rons' ray. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 192. IIOIANV cclxxv Saxifrii^u vciiosii, Idtworfh i-nuin. .iiuifr. p. 2H? 0/js. Nimis ailiiiis S. i-a-HiHtosn-, IJiin. ; v'lx (li.stiiu-ta .>.|uric'M. ^7. Samir.xca N-iv.\t is, rjnii. v;.. pi. ,;l. <>. ^,. r^.i. U'llldi'tt. .y,. pi. 2. /). (i^ry Pon s>f)i. 1. /.. \HH. Smith hill. !,'. ;-. IH). KnyJ. hnt.\W. ir„/,frn/>. hipp. p. 1 1.'J. a. roryinltiiH iiiultiHoriis llivrsoiiliiis, |K. 0/m'. viiriitas /;. diinidin niiiior, piilK- caiilis »t lU'durlloniin paniori- l)ri'v'n)ri' Htrii-ta (lur, lit ill a. Ia\a (liriiiiil)inli' lanani I)ivvimii ivfiniitc) ; in iitia(|iii' pilala pi'isistiiilia. Saxifrn^ra loiij;isnipa, Don. in Linn. wf. Ininsticl. l!). p. iJHH. a variilaU- fi. vi\ diircrt nisi scapo loiigioiv. 28. Saxikh.\(;a I'oi.roi.osA, foliis radiialihiis I'liiiiatis suhdmtatis, scapis divisis : raniis apii'i< iiniHoris iiilVa tirtis foliulis minis tasiiciilatis, calycihiis infiris uliovatis, pi-taluruiii laminis o)rdal«>-laiU't.'i>latis. Sa\if'ra;;ii' stiHaris var. Linn. Sa\ifraj;a taiili' iiiulo siiii]»liii toliis de'iUulis fonia toliolosu Linn. Iupp. p. l!57. y. lah. 2. /'. !). Saxifra^a sU'Ilaris /J. roniosa. Willdi'n. sp. pi. y. ^i. {\\V. Olis. Distiiu'ta vidi'lur a S. sti'llari, /^/////. ((pia- in Insiil.i .Mrlvillc liaiid obsiTvata fiiil) scajHt di'iiM- folidlatii (loriliiis paiii'issiiiii?> (v, millis) lalyc-ihiisoliovalis, ft pra'sirtini pi'talorimi a>([ualiiini luniinis basi coitlatis. 29. Saximiac.a < KiixtA, Linn. y). pi. al 2. p. mt. jh>r. Iupp. n. 172. /. 2. /. 4. Willdrn. sp. pi. 2. p. ().52. h'ls. s,/„. 1 . /-. Wi). S/uifh hrit. 2. /■. 4.",;}. Engl. but. t. (i()4. Fhr. Dan. '2^1. U'lililcnh. Iupp. p.mi llooh'i: scot. p.\[iO. (hn-l. sib. 4. /'. 1()2. 7h 74. Sirrnh. saxifr. p. IS. /. 12. /". 2. Soland. in I'kipps voi/. p. 202. Br. in Ros'i'' 77)7/. fil. 2. vol. 2. p. 192. Spit-, pi. in .^n.ri'slnfs ani. rrir. 1. iipp. p. 7o. Don in. Linn. soc. tnins. Mi. p. fJ()4. Richiirdson in Franklins joitrn. p. 7M. Ohs. Variat rarius (.-auk' raiiioso, rainis unifloris, qua- S. irniiia, Gunn. nor. n. .'52S. /. H.f. 2. ft Suxit'raga biilbifora? I'lor. Dan. .'590. Zoega pi. island, in Olafs. reisf 2. p. 2lM». 30. CiiuYsospLENiCAr Ai.TF.UN-ii'or.ii'.M, Linn. sp. pi. ed. 2. p. 5()9. Jlil/den. sp. pi. 2. p. ()!i7. Pt'rs. spi. 1. p. 487. Smith brit. 2. p. 45.'J. Engl. hot. 54. Hooker .. If-, " 1^* r: 4: t\ i ^^k\ m r I; ccLxxvi APPENDIX. 121(). Aw, .iipi. f?. /'. j7. Br. in Ross" voy. cd.H. vnl. 2. /). 19;J. Richardson in Frankiin's lourn. p. 740. Drviis tiiK'llii, Banks' i)is. Niinis aiKnis D. octojictala', (jiia' dlfTert statura sjrjnssime in.ijorc, foliis semper lon- gitudiiialiti.r iuiiso-crcualls, siibtus costatis veiiis proiiiimilis. SIEVERSIA. SiEVERsiA, U'iUdcn. in Mag. dcr gcsc/l. naturf. fr. zu Berlin 5. jahrg. (1811.) p. 397. iharactiTi.' cimiulato, ("iiAit. Gkx. C'(//y.i' docenifidiis, laciniis allernis aecessoriis. Pctala 5. Stamina uuh- finite iminerosa. O/v/rm iiKlofinlla, ovulo adstendento. S'/y/Mcnuiiialcs, contimii. Achc- nt'«/« stylo toto porsistenti aristatuin. Em' ryn enctus. Habitus /)'/>', nee oinnino, Gv'i, qiwd diferl i^i\\\f>genicHlalis articuio superiorc dissimili strpivsqiie deciduo. Ah iitrcKpie oiiioiv dist'mpuenduin Gciiiii potentilloidi's (Coluria 7wb.) ob Styluni basi cum apicv ovarii aiticulatum dmdiium, et Aduiiia (i;Iandiilosa) tubo clongato turbinato cnlycis indiisa. Sioversiiu species sunt Geinii niontannin et leptans Linn, radiatuni Michauj\ Peckii et triflonnn Pursh, f^laeiale Adams, bumilis, conifesta et dilatala 7iob. ct Genni anentonoides Willden. sp. pi. (jua- Dryas jK-ntapetala Linn., cui certe styli tenninales nee laterales ut per- hibet Willdenow in eliavactei-e generis Sieversia-, pro luic specie suliim ab illo instituti. 32. StKVERsn Hossii, aristis nudis, foliis radicalibus iiiternipte pinnatis jrlabris: pinnis trilobis; accessoriis iinistpie nanis indivisis, caule uniiluro subdipli} llo, petaloruni vcnis omni- bus distinetis. Desc. Hrrba perennis, 2 — (J-micialis, glabra, Caudex demersus, radiciforniis, sqnamis Rcariosis fuscis (petiolorum reli(pnis) tectus, infra inedietateni fibras descendentes simplices fil)nllosas crassiusculas proferens. Folia radicalia numerosiv (4 — 7.) glabrinscida, petiolata, interrupte pinnata, e\stip\ilata, ])innis circuniscriptione ovalis cuneatisvi', trifidis vel bifidis (lobo superiore lateraliuni defielente) basi inirquali, inferne in rachiii decurrenti, superioiibus approxiniatis, nanis indivisis intei-jKisitis inter niedias ; iniis ipsis minimis integcrrimis. Petioli infra medium dilatati ibiquo scariosi, jiallide fusci. Scapi ex idis foliorum radicalium vel .scjuamarum superiorum caudicis demersi, infra nudi, extra medium foliis sa'pius duobus, ahernis, se.ssilil)us, jnnnatifidis, exstipulalis, in statu tlorcceiuiie (cum scapi folia radicalia vix a?quaiu) invicem apici(pte scapi approxiniatis, in fruetiferis folia radicalia alicpiolies superan- tibus, ab invicem et ab apice s.epe distantibus ; teretes, pubescentes, pube descendendo sensim parciore. Hos solitarius, erectus, ebracteatus. Calyx extus pubcscens, decemfidus, tubo brevi turbinato, laciniis 5 majoribus interioribus, late semiovatis, acutiusculis, quinque altemis dimidio niinuribus, ovalibus, {x^talis oppositis. Petala 5, obovata, integcrrima, vcnosa, auroa, BOTANY. cclxxvii sinubiis lacinlarum majorum ralycis insc-vta iisquc sesquilongiora. Stamina fauci calycis inscrta, indcfinita. 30 pliira. Vilnmenta sulnilata, f^labra, j4«//i^»rrt'ovata?, flava>, basi >it'inl- bifidic, loculis parallolcvapproxiniatis, longiUulinalitir tleliisccntibus. Pollen globosuiti, simplex. Ovaria indi-fmite numerosa, rccoptaculo siibt-ylhuhacco iiii])ncato inserta, breve pedieellata, ub aj/if^e pedicelloriim solii1)ilia, birsiitn, pilis aciitis strictis, nionosjicrnia, ovulo adscendoiite. Styh .'.'vmiiuiles, liliforiues, subulati,glabn, stricti. -*>^//^'"?/;(//(Mlilatatn, olilicjiia, retu.sa, papulosa. Obs. This species is named in honour of Lieutenant James Ross, in whose well-preserved herbarium several plants were found not contained in the other collections. EXrLIC'ATIO TAD. C. SiEVF.RSiA Rossii. 1, ?2. rianta Horida, magnltudine naturali. Se(|ucntcs au«l(r. et 4, flos antice et postiee visus. 5. flos petalis d staminlbus orbatus. (J. pctaluni. 7. portio calycis cum staminibus respondentibus ejusdeni basi insertis. 8, 9. stamen antice et j'ostiee visum. 10. pollen 200-ies auctuni. 11. pistillum. 12. id. longitudinaliter sectum. 13. pistllla receptaeulo insidontia, Ik rccei)taeuluni ronmiune ])istillorum cum j)edicellis. 15. aclieniuni fere matunnn. IG. id. longitudinaliter scctuni. 17. id. transverse sectuiu. 18. semen. 19. embryo. • 83. PoTENTii,i.A iTLOiiKi.i.A, foliis ])innatis bijngis super villosis sul)ter serieeis, foliolis pinnatifidis pari inferiori niinnre: lobis onmium lanceolato-liuearibus, caullbus pauelfloris (uniflorisve), stylo basi glanduloso-dilatata. rolentilla )ndchella, Br. in Ross' voy. rd. 2. vol. 2. ;). 193. Potentilla sericea? Grerillein Mnn. IVern. soc. 3. p. 430. fide speciminis in herb, grocn- landico D. Jameson. Obs. V. sericea Linn, facile distinguitur foliis .3 — .5-ju2;is, et lana elt)ngata rcceptaculi, (piod in P. pidchella pube brevi ovaria vix aKpiantc instructum. Nostra ])lanta athnitate pro})ius accedit P. niveo', hand obstante hujus divisione ternata folioruni, cjua; nunc, rarissime quanivis, addito foliolornm pari nano similiter pinnata evadunt. 34. PoTENTii.LA NivEA. Lin7i. sp. j,l. cd. Q. p. 'IMi. Kolfh. in art. lldfn.lO. p. 451, i. 7. 71. 22. optima Jig. rar. a. IVitlden. sp. pi. 2. p. 1109. Pens, syn. 2. p. 56. Wahlenb. lapp. p. 140". Nestler fotent. p. 73. Lehman potent, p. 184. a, foha super villosiuscula viridia, subter niveo-tomentosa. ft, folia utrin(jue villosiuscula, paginis concoloribus. Potentilla nivea /j. WaliUnh. lapp. p, 147. Potentilla (iroenlandica, Br. in Ross'' voy. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 193. Potentilla frigiila.? GrcviUe in Mem, Wern. sec, 3. p. 430. see exempl. in herbario D. Jameson. . Potentilla verna, Hooker in Scoresby's greenl. p. 413. •i in 2 m t. '"■ 1*' ii %. fa Is- 1: '^* j|l j" t I K ^< cclxxviii APPENDIX. Ohx. Polymorpliii spmcs, mi iiiiuis aflinis est r«)tentilla Valiliaiia /W//«. //o/cw/. p. MH, 411(1' r. liii>iita F/iif. Ditn. t. 1390, sc'ciiiuUmi exomiilar (iroenlaiuUiiiu a D. Gii'sirke; i-t V. Jauu'soiiiaiia Grcri/li' in Mem. Jferii. soc. !i. p. 417. /. 20. lidi- oxi'iii|)l. a 1). .lanu-son ; ncc divcrsii viiktur 1'. mairantha Lcdeb. sociiiuluiu specimen ox Oonalnsku a D. rischcr. PAPILIONACK-E. 35. AsTiiACAi.is ALvixrs, Linn. sp. pi. ed. 2. p. 1070. Flor. Inpp. p. 218, n. 267. /. 9. /. 1. F/or. Dav. 51. Gnu-l. sid. 4. p. 45. n. 59. Pall, atitrag. p. 41. t. 32. jyHldcn. sp. pi. 3. /'. 1297. Wahlenb. lapp. p. 190. 1. 12. /. 5. (fruct.) Hrtv. 131. Carpat. 223. Pursh. am. 2. p. 472. Phaca astragalina, De Cand. Astrag. p. 52. Pfrx. syn. 2. /'. 331. Richardnon in Frank- lin^s jotan. p. 745. 36. OxYxnoi'is akctica, subacaiilis sericen, stipulis petiolaribus, foliulis oppositis altcr- nisque ovali-oblongis, capitulo subunibellato paucifloro, logimiinibus crtftis oblongis atii- minatis calycibiisque nignvpubi'st-ontibus. De.sc. Radix lignoa, pt'r|H>ndiciilaiis, longissima, cnitisa, subrauiosa, miilticops. Cauloi brevissimi, densi' foliati ot basi stipulis villosissiiuis persistciitibiis iinbricatis U'cti. Folia con- ferta, foliola 11 — 17, iiDvella utriiique villosa sericea, acUiIta siijK'r glabriusciila, ovalia v. oblonga, sa.>piiis obtusa raro acutiusi'iila. Stijjulfv iiuiubranacoa', infra potiolo adnata*, apiribus solutis semilancc'olatis, acutissiniis. Scapi foliis longioros, toretes, villosi, villis albo-finercis, nunc cincrcis nigrisquo interniixtis, nunc onniino nigris. Flores niajusculi. Capituluni 3 — 5-flornni, pcdiccllis brcvissimis. Bractt'cp lincaros, acuta", patula*, calycc breviores, extus pube nigricantc. Calyx villis nigris subadprcssis copiusis tcctus, dentibus orectis brcvibus. Corolla caTuleo-violacea, calyce duplo longior (9 — 10-lin. a-ciuans.) Vcxillum olicordatuni lateribus rcflexis, lamina basi attcnuata abstpie callis auricidisvo. AleB vexillo breviorcp, obtusissinnv, a))ice dilatato oblique retuso, prt)pe basin latoris auriculati intus plica salicntc, hinc auricido mediocri. Carina alis paulo brevior, obtusii cum nnicrone brevi acutiusculo. Stamina inclusa 1 — 9-rid. antheris uniformibus. Logunum orcctmn, calyce bine longitudinaliter fis.so infra auctum, oblongum, acuminatum, sutura superiore intruso intus<|ue septifero, septo incomplete) bi|mrtibili, funiculis adnatis parallelo-striato. Semina reniformia, in singulu loculo 7 — 9, funiculis apicc solutis e margine disscpimento quasi ortis. Obs. Sj)ecies proxinia O. uralensi qua; diversa floribus Icguminibusque spicatis, foliolis numerosioribus et scniper acutissimis, calycibus Icguminibusque cinereis pilis nunnullis atris pluribus albis. COMPOSIT.E. 37. Leontodon PALisTRE, Smith brit. 2. p. 823. Engl. hot. .5.53. Pt^s. syn. 2. p. 367. Hooker scot. p. 227. Flor. Dan. 1708. Richardson in Franklin's jouin. p. 746*. f: BOTANY. cclxxix I.contodoii lividiis, IValdxt. ct KUaib. pi. rar. hung. 9. ;). 1J2(). t. 115. IVillden. sp. pi. 3. p. 1545. MiU-fivh. tnur-caucricum ebractcatuni dense congcsta, lana cop'iosa scmi-involuta, radiata. Inrolucruin (calyx conuuunis) sini])lici serie polypbylbmi» lana decumbcnti copiosa, e villis longis iniplcxis articulatis, dense tectum. LiguUe numc-rosa", fcniinea', lamina oblongo-lineari, integra, 2 — 3-iiervi. Flosculi berma})broditi perfecti. Tubus gracilis. Liinbus infundibuliformis semiciuinnuiddus, deeenmervis, laciniis semilan- ceolatis trincrviis nervis axilibus tenuioribus. Anthrru- semi-exserta- l)asil)us niuticis, apj)cn- dicibus apicis linearibiis acutis. Ovaria glabra, subcyliudracea. Stigmata intus canaliculata apice subtruncata. Pappus sessilis, liliformis, albus, radiis numerosis longitudinaliter den- ticulatis. Obs. l>istincta s[)ecies videtur, attamen non longc distat a C. palustri statura ct inHoresccntia insignitor variab'li. 40. Tussii.AGO coRY.MBOSA, coryuibo fcmineo laxo paucifloro: corollulis ligidaribus ncrvosis; masculo congesto, foliis cordatis sinuatis inaHpialitcr dentatis subtus tomentosis. Dksc. Radii: repeiis. Fulia radicalia longius petiolata, cordata, nunc sagittato-cordata, sinuata, sa?piusad [nunc ad h fere radii, lobis ina'«pialiter dentatis, dcntibus nuicronulo cglan- duloso terminatis, adidta super glabra cum tomento aliquo in nervis venistjue primariis, sub- ter lana brevi all)a implexa, dianietro .sescpiiunciali usque 2i uncias ivquanti. Scapi 4 — 8-un- ciolcs, adulti tomento parco obsiti, bracteis (petiolis dilatatis) amplexicaulibus, sa-pius foliolo nano dentato terminatis. Anthodia jMilygamo-dioica. Mas. Corymbus coarctatus pauciflorus : anthodils radiatis : ligulis fcmineis, lamina oblonga : Jloscidis hcrmaphrodito-masculis, in- )i:! - I M. k. Il P '•1 If.- t": ,.'■ %. ;, fe h «. ll- <&'-. %> ff, i.. /> 1. if i t i n ■' ■J I* h cclxxx APPENDI X. fiimlibuliformibus, stl. ,'32,j. Jiirhardsonin Franklin'.t joj/rn. p. lil. Obs. Planta feminea tantum in ^Itlville Island Iccta; mascula a nobis nondum visa (niiji hujus forsan varietas pusilla ab Oonalaska.) ct nidlibi, -rs. syn. 1. f. 188. IVahlrnb. lapp. p. 0'3. Flor. Dan. 1512. Svciixk hot. 520. Richardson in Franklin's journ. p. 7:33. ERICIN.E. 43. AxDROMKDA TKTHAcovA, 7.;"/;??. sp. pi. c.l. 2. p. .503. lapp. n. IGO. /. 1. f. 4. Willden. sp. pi. 2. p. mi. P>rs. syn. 1. p. 480. Flor. Dan. 1030. Pall. ross. 2. p. 5G, /. T3. f. 4. ll'ahlenb. lapp. p. 200. P>r. spilzb. pi. in ScoresOy's arct. rrg, 1. append. p. 75. Ross'' toy. fd. 2. r. 2. /).192. Richardson in Franklin's Junrn. p. 737. ftCROPIIULAJlIN/E. 44. Pedici'Laris abctica, caulc .simplici lanato, foliis pinnatilidis lobis sulvovatis dcntato-incisis : adultis jrlabris; caulinis pctiolo dilatato, calycibiui ({uinipiiiidis ianatis^ galea obtusa truncata bidentata, filamcntis longioribus hirsuti.s. Desc. Radix lasciculala, fibri.s crassis carnosis. Caulis simplex, foliatus, 2-3-uncialis, iana alba imj)lexa tardius ncc omnino decidua. Folia circumscriptione lincaria, pinnatifida ; lobis sa'jnus approximatis, dcntntis, prinio lanata, adulta glabriuscula ; pclioli omnium, radi- calium pra'cipue, lanati. Spica imilliflora, dcnsji, florida sesquiuncialis, fructifera 2-3- iincialis : bractecc foliacea", pinnatifida?. Calyx lunalus, Iana, copiosa, alba, implcxa, jKrsis- BOTANY, cclxxxi tcnti, scmiquiiT uifidiis, laclniis intrqualibus, scmilanccolatis, intcgcrrimls, vel obsoletissimc tlentatis. Corolla purpurea, "•laberrinia : galea levitcr falcata, ohtusa, anticc npice oblujuu truncata et ad truncaturai basui utriiu|uc' iknte uiiico acuto bnjvi ((uaii(l()C[uc' brevissimo. Stamina inclusa : Filamenta duo longioni extra medium hirsuta, duo breviora longitudinaliter glabra: Antherce wmiorm^;^, imberbes, basi bifid.-e. Stigma subcapitatum, sapius exsertum. Capsula calycc persistent! dupio longior, ovata, aeuiiiiiiata, iiuec[uiliitera, margine inferiore rectiusculo supcriore modiee areuato, bllocularis, l)lvalvis, valvis medio si'jjtigeri;:, septi dimidio inferiori placeiuifero. Seniina oblouga, teretiuscula, altero latere margiue jieraiigusto aucta, utracjue extrcmitate areola nigrieaiiti notata. Obs. Speeies proxima r. sudeticic JJ'illilcn.ii.p. pi. 3. p. 209. (jua- diff'ert statura majore, caule glabro, foliorum lobis liiicaribusiiieiso-])iimall(idis; eaulinis petiolo liaud dilatato, corolhu labio inferiore manifeste dentato. 1*. sudetiea Richardson in Fnt/Jdin's j(nn\ p. 742. i sudetica vera vix tliviTsa est ui.si eorolKe hibio supcriore brcviore, dentieulo longiore, eaule sub- unifulio ncc species distineta videtur. rOLYGOXE.E. 45. Poi.YGONujt vivii'A]tr.\r, Linn. sp. pi. el. 2. ]>. .'jK). Jl. lapp. n. 152. Gmel. db. 2. p. 44. n. 34. /. 7./. 2. WilUlen. sp. pi. 2. p. 411. Prrs. syn. 1. p. 4;}9. Smith brit. 1. p. 428. Engl.bot.^m. Fl. Lo}nl. nciv xer. I. t. Hi. Wahlcnb.lapp.^d. Flor. Dan. V,i. Svcnsk: bot.3',i(). Marsch. laur-caiicas. 1. p. 301. Pursh. am. 1. p. 271. Giesockc Greenl. in Edin. cncyclop. Hooker in Scoresbij\s greenl.p. 410. Richardson in Franklin''s journ. p. 737. Natter AVurt/, Marten's Spitzb. lib. 3. cap. 7. 1. 1, a. OXYRIA. OxYRiA, Hill. veg. syst. 10. /?. 24. (genus omnino artifieiale, Hilll.c.) De Cand.Jl. franc. 3. p. 379. (Rumicis subgenus). Br. in Ross" ray. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 192. (genus dis- linctuni). Campdera rumex, p. 153. Hooker Scot. p. 99. Char. Gen. Pm'««//j/M//aetrai)liyIiuni (dupliei serie.) Staminad. Styli Q. Stigmata penicillata. Achenium lenticulare, membranaceum, utriutpie alatum, periantliio infra cinc- tuni. Embryo centralis. Obs. Genus propius accedens lllieo (piam llumici, ab utroque satis distinctum. A Rlieo diftert numero binario perianlliii et stylorum, sligmatibus jjenieillatis, ((juto in Ilheo capitata sublobata,) et textura aebenii : comenit numero proj)ortionali et situ staminum (qua.- gcminatim ncnq)e foliolis exterit)ribus et solitarie interioribus periantliii opjiosita) pcri- carpio seniidenudato alato, et embryonc central!. Rumex ab Oxyria divcrsus est mnnero ternario onuiiuni partium floris, situ staminum, qua; sex tantuni et geminatim foliolis cxterioribus perianthii opiwsita, fructu nucamentaceo aptero, fo- liolis interioribus mutatis perianthii tecto, embryonc laterali : convenit fere stigmatuni divisione. Oviili insertionem ct RadiciUa- embryonis situm inter notas genericas baud introduxi : lif' II III! ^ 4 \ \ \'f !»!> cclxxxii AITKNDIX, Somen enini frectinn nun Kiiil)ryt>iK' iiivi-rso uti cluirmter totius onlinis, (incluso corte Calli- fjono contra assert iomin CinnjMline 1. r.) e\nnleni a ('henojKMleis uptime distinguens mprodr, flor. 7101'. holl. p. -H}). jirinnis projjosui. Inter ortlines npetalos siniilein stnicturum seininis in Urlieeis et Pipenueis, aliis nutis distinguendis, ohtinet : duin Kmhryo inversus enmovid()|K'nT diilo eluiraclerem essentialem Culouaxtiieauisi {Br. in But. 7mtgaz. 2190. Tiov. 1820.) eftoi-mat. 40. OxYniA nEN'iron^Mis, I/onli-rr scat. p. 111. Scorrs/n/'s groml. p. 410. Oxyria digyna, Cniiipd. nii/it'i; j). \. ').'>. llheum (iilal)ra, subter viljis longis laxis deeuinbentibus. adulta iitrinfjue glabra, venis subter paulo eminentibiis venulis anastomo- zantibns. Amenta utrius(jue sexus ramus lireves viliosos f'oliatos terminantes. Si jua mw iirh\- lulato-obovatje sje])e retusa', fusco-nigrieantes, \iliosa'. Mixr. 8-10-lin. longa, densa. Sta- mina 2-3, forsan sie])iiis3, filanientis distinctis. Squamidn- (Neet.) dua-, interiore j)aulu ma- '|ore, utra<]ue apiee incrassito. Fnn. Sqnamnln imiea, interior. Oraninn bri-vissime pedi- eellatum. jiedieillodiametrum transversum eapsulie vix ;v(piante, dense tomentusum,einereuni. Sti/lui longitudiiie varians nune stigmata jequans, lume fere dimidio l)reviur. MONO( OT VT.EDONKS. .lUNCILTi:. 48. JuxciJ.s niGLt.Mis. Linn. sp. pi. cd. 2. p. 467. Montin in Aman. acad. 2. p. 266". i. 3. /. 3. Flor. Dan. 120. Zixg. pi. idand. in Olafs. reise 2. p. 235. Vahl in act. soc. hist. nat. hafn. 2. par. 1. p. 38. Willden. sp.pl. 2. p. 21(». Pcrs. syn. 1. p. 385. Smith brit. 1. p. 382 Engl. bot. 898. Bicheno in Linn. soc. transact. 12.;;. 320. Hooker scot. p. IOC. DOTANY. clxxxiii 49. LrziTT.A TiYPERBonEA, spicis multifloris siilnimbcllatis pcdunciilatis sessilihusque (nunc omnibus sessilibus), bractoa unibella' foliocca ; partialibus omnibus fimbriatis, capsulis obtusis perianthiu acuta subirquantibus, carunc-ula basilari scininis obsoleta, foliis planis. Lunula campcstris, Br. spilzb.pl. in Scorcsby''s arct.rcg. 1. append, p. 75. Juncus arcuatus. Hooker in Scoreshy's greenl. p. 410. sccund cxenipl. a D. Scorcsby. ' Juncus campestris, Solaml. in Phipps' voi/. p. 201. fide exompl. in Herb. Danks. Obs. Vix distincta sjK'cii-s, et potius ad L. campcxtrrtn iniiv variuiitcm, (lunni ad L. nrcuatam referenda ; prirsertini ob I)ractcain umbc'lla- sa-jiissiiiiL', non vero semper, foliaeeam, et folia plana. L. arcuata- /3. {lVahl«>nb.lapp. /?. 88. cvjmfig. in Flor. Dan. 138(J. .sed cxcl. syn. Villars,) tanicn accedit, inflorescentia, spicis nudtifloris, l(»n, litves, glabrae, nigro-fuscte apicc limbo angusto albo. Fructus circumscriptione lnnce«)latus, acuminatus, basi attenuata, fusco-ater, ore ipso albicanti emarginato, marginibus acuminis et dimidii superioris denticulatis, cajterum la;vis. Ache- nium intra cupulam breve pedicellatum, obovatum, ventre piano, dorso dum stigmata duo modice convexo dum tria angulato. Obs. Nimis affinis C. fuliginosa; Stertib. et Hoppe in act. soc. bot. Ratisb. 1. p. 159. t. 3. vix distincta species. SI. Carex coKcotOR, spicis sexu dislinctis: mascula tmica; femincis 2-3 erectis sub- sessilibus, squamis omnibus obtusis axi subconcolori, bracteis bnsi auriculatis, capsulis laivibus ovalibus mucronulo brevissimo integerrimo, stigmatibus 2, culmis la.n ibus. 2 n if % n f \ I i; I*'. (' . rtJ. % i«l:i III! If 1 1 % K '■^Jl " 4. j X,. |M-',i f;'! |i'' 'vil h mil tlxxxiv APPENDIX. Ohs. C. cajspitosfB proxinm et vix tliffcri nisi statura minori 05-4! imtiaK) s.qimniis'(nigro- siwdicci^) axi sivpius inur^inibiis semper cuncoluribus, foliis utrinquc viridibus ct culniis litvibus. An rcvt-ra disUncta sjHx:it's ? 52. Eriophori-m capitatlm, HoH gram, austr. 1. p. iiO. /. 38. Schrad. germ. 1. p. 151. Wahlenb. lapp. p. 18. Smith comp. cd. 3. p. 11. Engl. hot. 2387. Hooker scot. p. 20. 53. Krtopiiorum axgustifolium, Willden. sp. pi. 1. p. 313. Smith IriL 1. p. 69. Engl. bat. 564. Schrad. germ. 1. p. 153. Hooker scot. p. 21. Eriophorura ix)lystachion, Wahlenb. lapp. p. 18. Obs. Plantae nostra*, (juasi mcdiiu inter E. angustifoliuni et polystacliyon forsan ab iitroquc distinclir, diia; varictatcs adsunt. a. pediinculis liuvibiis. /3. pcdiniculis seabris, dcnticulis crebrls niinutis. Hacc ab E. jjracilo, Ruth catulect. 2. add. ct Wahlenb. lapp. p. 19- fid. excmpl. ab ipsis auctoribus in Hcrl). Hanks., certe diversji, statiira lunniliori, foliis lalioribus, squaniis cnerviis oiiiiiiuo iiigricantibus aculioribiis, ct aclieniis oblonifix-obovatis. GUAMINE.E. 54. Ai-orEcinrs Ai.nxvs, spica ovata, arista pcriantliii glumam scriccam laterlbus villo- slssiniis subnecjuante, vagina suprenia ventricosa folio siio piano lanccoiato tripio longiore. Alopecurus alpinus, S/ni7/[ 6n7. 3. ;9. 1386. Engl. bot.WHii .Hooker scot. p. 22. Roem. et Schul. syst. 2. p. 272. Br. in Ross' voy. ed. 2. r. 2. /;. 191. Hooker in Scoresby's greenl. 410. Richardson in Franklin's journ. p. 731. Alojiecvirns ovatus, Knapp gram. brit. 15. Hornem. in Flor. Dan. 1565. Alopccurus antarcticus, Gieaecke greenl. in Brewster's edin. encyclop. Obs. Species (((uam primus in Scotia' montc Loch iiy Gaar anno 1794 legi) variat ciUmo, qui sjcpius adsccndens, erecto, spica oblongo-cylindracea, arista nunc gUuna duplo longiore, rarius nulla. A. antarcticus, Vahl symb. 2. p. 18. Willden. sp. pi. l.p. 357. ab A. alpino differt spica sa'pius cylindracea, arista glumam bis superante, folio supremo lineari apice attenuato vagi- nani suam superante v. scquante. -'' A. pratonsis L. distinguitur spica cylindracea, glumis acutis latere tantum villosiusculis, arista gUunis diq)lo longiore, vagina suprenia laxiuscule cylindracea foliunx suum linearc niultoties superante. noTA>r\'. clxxxv ti^,. niirrsiA. Phippsitt (subgenus Vilfa-) Triniuft in Spreng, voue mtdrck. 9. p. 37. C'hau. Gen. Gluma uniflora, abhroviata, inncquivalvis. Pcrianthuun muticuni, oljtusum, imberhe ; valvida supmorc nervis sursuni (liverriantl)ii opponto. Ill 'iVrra Tstluitski a Dav. Ntlwin, in ti-rtio it. ('taM (?) inMigniH, iliiplu major, culinis ramosis foliU Inxioribus aliiwiue iu)tis ilivcrsa : vix s|KfieM distincta. (OLPODIUM. ('ol|)s«»; rnlvulis siib-a.>({uulibut(, iutof^Trimis, superiore exserta, dincrvi, Intcribiis parallolis. Lodiculic 5J. Styli 2. Stigmata |)liii)io8a. Caryopsis Granioii o;l(ibrum. Culnii trecti v. adscendentes. Fcilia plana, ligula indivisa imbcrli folio latiorr, vagina lo7irc videtur. Cary<)])si(lo ii^nota auti-ni jienus baud stabilituni, ft dc ojusdem artinitate cum Colpodii kjh;- ciebus Tiiuii, pr.Tscrtiin C. Steveni et compresso, inccrtus smn. .'jG. C'oLPonuM i.ATiFOT.iiM, piuiicula coarctata lanccH)latii, foliis plants latcvliiiearibus. Af^rostis piu-adoxa, lir. in Ross'' voy. cd. 2. r. 2. p. 1{)2. Dksc. Grai/u'ii robustum, spitlianicuiu — pcdalc, glabnnn. Culmus c basi dccumbenti v. radicaiiti adsccMidens, mine crectus, tores, Uvvis, foliatus, basi vaginis scariosis tectu.s. Folia plana, lineari-lanceata, acuta, stricta, utrin<|ue marginibiis(|ui' retrorsum scabris: vagina sca- l)riuscula', ad basin usque fissir, suj)renia folio j)roprio longior: ligula obtusu, imberbif;, erosa, diiitiiiilata, folio latior. Panicuia coarctata, angusto-lanceolata, fusco-purpurea, jx'rianthi- orum apicibus albis, sos(juiuncialis — biuiicialis, ramis brevibus, semiverticillatis, appressis, int'erioribus demum nuHlice pateiitibus, pedunculis |K'dicellis(iue pauci-denticulatis, strictis, apice vix dilatato cum locusta continuo. Ghana uniflora, bivalvis, miitica, herl)acepurpureum, apice scarioso albicauti. Vutvula concava>, textura onmino similes, longitudine subxquales, inferior nervo centrali manifesto sa>pius apicem muticum attingenti, nunc in setulam dorsalem brcvis- I BOTANY. clxxxvii simani altitudincm valvulic Ruhn>(|iinnti'in (lt■^int'ntc>, luteralibus iitrinquc duobiiH obRoletis, infra npiiTin prorHUH evanescrntihtiH; superior ()))tUHior, iiiu>^i>ri-iiua, dorw) niigiiKto pluniiisi-iilo vil li'vitcr convexn, lincari, dinorvi, nervis pnnilk-liH, teiiuibim, iiiidiH, lati-ribus dorso uli(|ii()tii'fi latioribu^t, purallclis, nmr^inibiis luidis. LodicuUc dme, Kiibfollatt'nik's, itu>i)ibrnimct>tt>, sc- niibifidu}, dontibiis uciitis, iinlRrbos, lon^itiidiiiL* ovarii. Stamina 3, iilanientiH capilln- ribus, antlu'riH fuHcn-Htramineis, iitrinquo biddis. Oraritim ovatum, ac'iUiiin, glabnim, v\- Hulcum. Styli brcvissiiui, appnixiiiiati, vix niuiiifcsti. Stigmata b^alina, deiisc' pluiiiusa, npii-ibus ocutis. Obs. In pxtMiiplaribiis pIiTiscjiic milium rcrto rudiinontum flosculi socundi, qiUHl tanii'ii in nonnullis iV Melvillo Island ntqnr in cxi'niplari a Possession Hay adost, sctiiliformo, liispiduhmi ; ct in spcciinine iinico ix jMclville Islanil locustas nonnullas bifluras floKculo sciundo pcdiccllato perfccto obst'rvavi. 67. PoA ANGUSTATA, ])anicii]a simplici coarctata lincari-lancfolata, locustis 4-5-fl()riti, glunm infcriore dimidio niinoro, ^x'riantbiis apicc crosis : valviila inferiorc basi clanata latiri- bus glabriuscidis, foliis angiist(»-linearibii»i. Desc. Grami'fi 4-()-unciali', glabruni, orectiini ; rudicc fibrosa. Culini foliati, basi quan- do(|ue divisi, Itiivcs. /*o/m angusto-lincaria, plana, ai-uta, glabra, la;via ; jv/^a/m' sidK'vlin- dracca", laBves, siiprenia folio pn)prio longior, omnos ipsa basi integra; ligula sulnpiadrata tain lata qiiam longa, apicc , colorattv, sirpius qiiadriHortC. Glumec hyalina', glabcrrinuv, uninorviie, cum pcdicellis persistentes, valvula inferiorc fere dimidio minore ; superiore duplo latioro et fere (hii)lo longiore, obtusiore, peri- antliio dimidiu circitcr breviore, nervis lateralibus obsoletis. Perianthia sejNiratinj decidmti.i, rachi locustee glabra ; iHilvula inferior obionga, concava, acutiuscula, apice scarioso eroso- deuticulato, quinquinervis, latcribus infra medium pube rara in nervis cNtimis crebriore in- structis, ipsa basi abscpie lana implexa ; superior i)aulo brcvior, dinervis, ner% is viridibus, deii- ticulatis, lateribus conq)licatis. LodicuUc i.', Iiyalinip, injberbes, scmibifidic. Shimina 'A. 58. PoA AnnuEviATA, ])anicula simplicissima coarctata subovata, Kniistis 't-j-flcris, gluniae valvulit* subibciualibus acutissimis jierianthia basi lanatu latcribus pubesccntia itquanti- bus, foliis involuto-setaccis. *' Desc. Gramen iJ-4suncialc. Culmi foliati, basi K\i\tc divisi, laves. Folia involutn, subsctacea, retrorsum scabra, vagina fere ad basin us(iue fissae, cylindracea*. Panicula vix scmuncialis, ramis alternis, subbifloris, strictis, liHvibus, vix denticulatis. Locustce oblong.^, coloratfc. Glumce acutissimae, valvulis longitudine subictpialibus, carinatis, glaberrimis, in/e- riore manifeste angustiore, paululum breviore, unincrvi ; superiore basi trinervi. Perianthia glumas paulo sujierantia; valvula. inferior ipsa basi lana implexa parca instructa, carina a basi ad duas tcrtias piutes longitudiiiis scricea, linea pariter sericea utrique margin! approximatn. ri. [Ij Ik M •! !' '•' ll.i lf|.'i .! !' 4 4 r >t f. tfi n clxxxviii APPENDIX. A hasi nd oniidoiii fViv altitiuliiu'm nttiniri'nti, iiiterMiciiH puliowcntilum siihwrici'is ; suprrior diiuTvio, lUTvis |KTtlntitlin iloiitinilnti^i, latiTihus imhipliattiH latiiiitculis. Lodicula S. Stamina S, antluTH strainiiK'iM. Ovarium imln'rlH.'. Stigmata 2, RubHOMMlia, pluniusa, hyaliim. />9. 1*0A AiicTK A, paniciila I'fl'iHa : minis pniuifloris capillnrilHiA ItrvibtiH locuKtiiiquu rolo- ratis ovatis :i.4.H(>n>, ^liiniis siilmH|iialil)iiH, poriuntliii valviila inferioro Ixisi laimtii cnrina liiii-atiiii' siibmar^'inali scrims : iiitorstii-iis pu1)fscTiitihus, f\)liis liiioaribtis : ligula »iib<)irKiiiv. i'lili/ii cnxu v. adscoiuU-nti's, Imsi (jiiandoqiie divisi, gra. cik's, Kvvis, foliali. luilia rtidicnlia uiigusto-liiicaria, cnnalii-ulata, cuhiio ali(|U()tii's brtvioia ; culmea \)a\i\o latiora, plana, niarfjinibus litvibus, denticulis ol>.s()letissimiH: taginee sinvia.', titrintir, lu'ves, i))sa basi inti'<^ra ; li-pur])uroa', apicibus vnlvulaniin strami- neo-fuscls ips(H|UC margincallx), fl-4-Hora', cum nidinicnto minuto swiridso lon^us pcdiccllato quarti v. <|uiiiti: raclii articulatini s<>lid)ili, per Icntoni si-abriiiscula. Ci/i/mc(>-])ur|)urcu>, Uunosa ramis dcnticidatis. Obs. Excmplaria nonnulla statura majore, locustis acutioribus, glumisi acuminatisperiantlua iiifcriora subLp(juantibus, foliis lati«)ril.iis. Poa laxa JFillden.sp.pl. 1. p. .'j8C., quaniex eodem nionte Silesiaj ubi a b. Haenkc detccta fuit liabeo ii D. Trevirano coniinunicatani, diff'ert statura minore, panictda coarctata, rachi ramisque {mnicula} et glumis infra medium viridibus, )x>riantliiis acutiuribus lana baseos par'-iurc ; locusta; i-acbi Iwvi. Poa flexuosa Host gram, austr. 4. p. 15 .t. 26. qusB similis videtur P. arcticae panicula effusa et locu8ta> colore figura et pubesccntia, dift'ert paniculuc rachi ramistiue viridibus magia divisis scabris, glumarum cai-inis longitudinaliter dcntieulatis. BOTANY. (Ixxxix CO. Festpca BfiKViFOLiA, raccnio subMnipUci erocto, flonculU icrotibus supra «'fthniisfuli>i ariHta diiplo loii^ioribus, fuliis sctweis vaginiitiuc licvihus : tiiliiico suprtino mullolit-s hrcviorc vagina niia hixiuncitlii. Ohf. Faiir^ot staturtt ftfp P. oviua inter qiiam il V. IlallLii mtilia; priori forsnn nimis affinJH. ' li t '1 (il. Festuca vivipaba. OI).f. Nuliam iil)sorvati«)nem liiibeo do cxoniplari iinlco Fcstuca; ciijuidnni vlvipara' olim vise in herbario D. Subino, ultcriiis exaiiiinando. PLEUllOrOGOX. Char. Gev. Zvi, viridi, peilunculis lateralibus glu- mam vbc superantibus, reciirvis, hevibus, indivisis, alternis, distantibus. Locustcc subcylin- draccaj, ccrnu® v. penduliB, semunciales, purpureffi, nitida>, y^r lenteni tenuissime pubesee.ite^? Gluma bivalvis, nana, Inaequalis, raenibranacoa, purpurea, mutica; valvula inferiore ovata. It' I; ii' IS f f 'm' I hV I I! I III) ". ill' r I I cxc APPENDIX. acuta ; superiors olwvata, obtusissima, inferlorc du])lo latiorc, paulo longiore. Perianthia altcriia, tlistincta. Valvula inftrior obovat'iohlonga, ohtusissinm, roncava, quinquiner\'is, cxtiis piilw brcvissinia appressa conspcrsa, apicc marginibusipie ab iipico ad medium albia, scario'^is, ncrvis omnibus infra apii-eni desincntibus, mwUo in mucroniiluni brevissimum, mar- gineni valvuiae vix attingentem prtxhicto. Valvula superior longituduie fere inferioria, ma- nifostc angustiwr, elliptico-lanccolata, apicc profunde cmarginato, lateribus induplicatis, tlinervis, ncrvis brcvissime ciliatis, singulis bisetis, sffis latcralilnis, per paria oppositis, diia infi'riorcs infra medium valvulii' ortip, subulato-Hliformcs, stricta*, hkhUci' patcntcs, dcn- ticulativ, longitudine circitcr dimidii totius valvulae ; du(c supcriores paulu supra medium valviiliv urtinu duccntes, brevissima?, denticulatsr, mucroniformes, altera quandcx}ue obsoleta. LodiculiC 52, coUatcralcs, a))proximattt', brevissimiv, trurcatsr, basi Icvitcr cohaerentcs, scd absque lajsione sejwirandtE. Stamina 3, filamontis lapillaribus, antheris linearibus utrinqi:e senjibiiidis. Ofariuin ovatinn, imbcrbe. Styli 2, glabri. Stigmata laxe pluniosa, hyalina, ramis denticulatis, superioribus vix brovioribus. Caryopsis libera, lateraliter compressa, ventre angusto-lineari, leviter canaliculato, axi longitudinaliter saturatiore. Embryo cary- opside triplo brevior. Obs. Duplex varictas. a. elatior, subspitlmmca, antheris stramineis. Tab. 1). f. 1 — 7. ^. 3-4-uncialis, antheris purpureis. Tab. D. f. 8 — 10. The specific name is given in iionour of Captain Edward Sabine, in whose herl)arium, the most extensive formed in the voyage, numerous sjKrimens were found of both varieties of this remarkable grass. ^{.i EXPLICATIO T.MiL. F D. Pi.EUROl'OGOK Sabinii. 1. N'arietatis a. planta mugniludine natural). 2. eju.sd. locusta cam ix'dunculo et jM)rtione raclu-os iiiagis aucta. 3. pi-rianthium rlausiun articulo rachcos insidens, auctius. 4. id. expansmn, pariter auctum. 5. valvula sujwrior perianthii facie visa ad id. augment. 6. pollen. 7. flosculus jx-rianthio orbatus exhibens stamina pistillum et loiliculas auct, uti 4 et 5. 8. Var. (3. planta mag. natur. 9. ejnsd. liKUsta cum pedunculu ad augm. id. ac 2. 10. perianthium cxpansum genitalia et lotlicularuni alter exhibens ad augm. n. 4. DUPONTIA. Char. Gex. Gluma suba?quivalvis, scariosa, concava, mutica, locustam 2-3-floram sub- sequans. Perianthia mutica, scariosa, (basi barbata,) altero pedicellato ; valvulis integris, iiiferiorc concava. Lodiculce 2. Ovarium imberbc. Stigmata subsessilia. Caryopsis - - - - Gramen glabrum, erectum. Folia linearin, plana, vaginis semijissis, basi Integra. Panicula simplex, coarctata, fusco et purpnrascenti raria, pedicellis cum locustis C07itinuis, perianthiis separatim solubilibus. 'H i|fi BOTANY, CXCl 0/;,?. Ad Descliampsiam ])r()ximc acccdit lun-ce jnronus ; ilistinguitui- pcrianthiis nuituls, val- vulis integris nee dentatis. Ciiin t'utabrosa, facie diviTsissiiiia, conveiiit plurihus notis, differt glutnis locustam subieqimntihus, jx?riantliii.s hasi breve barhatis. A Toa diversum loci'stis haud compressis, gluniis iKTiaiitbiiscnie i-oneuvis nee earlnatis. Ad confirniandum genus caryopsis desideratur. This genus is named in Iionour of jMonsieur Dupont, of Paris, author of a valuable essay on the Sheath of the leaves of Grasses, and of observations on tlie genus Atiiplex. 63. DUPONTIA FiSIIEUI, Desc. Gramen G-lO-uneiuk', erectinu. Cuhni sinipliees, foUati, licves, , cum rudiniento clavato sctuliformi tertii tlosculi, nunc triflor't Hore tertio comploto, muic biHuro! abscjuu tertii rudimento. GliDiui bivalvis, subaMpialis, mutica, glaberrima, purpurascens, sul)nilLns, maroiiie pallido scarioso, lon^itudiue loeusttv. Valrulcc concavie uec earinat.e, oblongo-laiaxHtlata-, inferior paulo ai-.^ustior, acu- minata V. acutissima, iminervis; supmor scmi-trinervis, meilio paulo infra aj)icem lateralibus longe intra marginent evanescentibus. Fi-rianthia subcoiiforniia ; i/ifnius intra glumam sub- sessile, a pedicello brevissimo separabile ; superitis ciun apice paulo dilatato pedicelli brevis articulatum, facile solubile ; utriuscpie vnlvula inferior ovata nuitica obtusa, vix imquam acuta, Integra, ctmcava, ipsa basi jnlis brevibus strictis albis barbata, et a basi fero ad medium pills brevioribus strictis subadpressis subsericea, trinervis, nervis lateralibus intra marginem eva- nescentibus, medio paulo infra apieem desinente : superior longitudine inferioris, manlfeste angustior, lineari-oblonga, glaberrima, dinervis, nervis brevibus, intersticio lineari eoncavi- usculo. Lodiculte duiP, distincta*, collaterales, memlranacea', liyalir.iT, subovata-, v. ciuieata', apice eroso-dentato, ovario longiores. Staminct !i, li'amentis distinctis, ca])illaribus, anthcris fusco-piupureis, linearibus utrinque bifidis. Ovarium ovale, glabrum. Stigmata 2, subses- silia, hyalina, dense plumosa, ramis apieem versus brevioribus. Obs. The specific name is that of Mr. Fisher, whose herbarium contained the most com- plete series of specimens of this grass, 04. Dkschampsia hrevikoi.ia, panicula coaretata lanceolata : pedicellis lavibus, locustis 2-3-floris, arista strieta valvulam subaupiante, foliis involutis: caulinis abbreviatis. Desc. Gramen 3-5-unciale, glabrum. Ci////u" simj)lices, erecti, foliati. Folia inferiora involuto-subulata, strieta, uneialia — ses(piiuncialia; rrtgr/nV strictis, folio brevioribus, ipsa basi Integra: ligula oblonga, lacinulata; suprcmum brevissiunnn, vagina elongata, laxiuscul;i, ligula breviore. Panicula coaretata, lanceolata v. oblimga, fusco-purpurascens, scariosa, ramis senuverticillatis. Locusta: biHorte, raro triflora?, semper cum rudimento, pedicelliformi 'i u %' i' •'"« j!!' ^: \, If* I II I i «4 jlfl 'Mr !•■ r 't.i ; ... 41, "i ,,fj f I i .1 1;> i CXCll APPENDIX. flosculi altcriiis. Gliima subccquivalvis, mutica, acuta, valvulis lanccolatis, concavis, acutis- simis, scariosis, disco puqiurasccnti, limbo pallido, unincrviis, locuijta paulu brcvioribus. Pe- nanthia subunifonuia, scarioso-incnibranacea, soparatim solubilia, iiifurius sessile; valvula tti- ferior ipsa basi burlmta, pilis brevibus, strictis, albis, ca:terum glabra, concava, subquin- qiiinervis, ncnis omnibus lacvibus, latoralibus obsolotis, apice croso-multidentato, durso sxpius infra metlimn aristata, arista setacoa, recta, denticulata, valvulani ipsain vix vcl paulo supe- ranti : sttpcrior longitiidino infcrioris, angiistior, dinervis, apice bidentato, (iuando([uc senii- biddo. Lodicul(V % collatcralcs, byalina>, imbcrbcs, acutic, ovario longiores. Stamina 3, antheris purp.nvis, ntrinquc bitidis. Ovarium glabruni. Stigmata 2, sessilia, liyidina, dense ct breve plumosa. FlotrHlu. Prrianthii valvula injWior carinata apice bidentata v. biseta, dorso (supra medium) aristata. Caryopsis libera, exsuica, lateralitcr compressa. Gramina cfespitosa ; vaginis longitudinaliter fissis. Panicula scppe coarctata^ aristis arcuuto-patulis. Obs. A Descliampsia differt locustis ancipitibus, glumis carinatis, perianthii valvula infe- riore carinata apice attenuato bidentato v. biseto, caryopside lateralitcr compressa. Ab Avcnis plerisque glumis perianthiisque carinatis ; al) omnibus caryopside exsuica et lateribus compressis. 65. Trisktum srnsriCATiTjr, Palis, agrostr. p. 88. Trisetum airoides, Roem. et Sch. syst. 2. p. 666. exclus. syn. Wulfen et Host. Richardson in Franklin's fourn. p. 731, Aira spieata, Linn. sp. pi. ed. 2. p. 95. Jl. lapp. n. 47. Flor. Dan. t. 228. mala. Gunn. now. n. 422. Wahlnib.lapp. p. 3.3. Aira subspicata, Li?w. si/st. nat. fj. 12. r. 2. p.^\. Willden sp. pi. 1. p. 377. Pers. syn. 1. p. 77. Zccg. pi. island, in Olafs. reise 2. p. 234. Giesecke greenl. in Brew- ster's Edin. encydop. HIEROCHLOE. llicrocWoe Gmd. sib, 1. p. 100. Br. prodr.flor. nov, hoU. 'p, 208, Trin, agrost, p. 130. Ilicrochloa et Torcsia, Palis agrost. p. 62 et C3. ■■■.^\ m i:, I nOTAVY. CXClll CirAn. Gen. Gluma sulwquivalvis, locustam tririoram »quans. Perianlhia bivalvia, lateralia mascula, triandra ; tcrminale herniiiphroclitiui), diaiulrum. Obs. Relationcm verani Anthoxanthi ad Hicrochloem, in prodr. flor. iiov. holl. p. 209, pri- mum indicatam, optime confirmat planta Javanica intermediiv stnictiira' u D. Horsfield detccta; in liac enim perianthium lat^alium infcrius mascuhim bivalve, supirius univalve, neiitrum : terminate hermaphroditum. Hujus novi generis (Ataxia) liabitus potius est Anthoxanthi, quocum ctiam gluma ina-quivalvi (juadrat. Cum HienK'hloe characteribus nonnullis convenit Artln-ocldoa 7iob. (Holcus Palis. Tnnii, et Wafdenb. non Linneei gen. el sp. pi. ed. prima, nee Schreberi nee Garlneri ;) quK tamen faeile distinguitur ab hoc genere uti ct ab Aira ct Arhenathero, gluma eum apiee pedicelli articulata et una cum locusta decidua. 66. HiEnocHLOK alpixa, Room, et Sch. si/st. 2. p. 515. Br. in Ross'' voy. cd. 2. vol. 2. p. 194. Richardson in Frankliri'sjourn. p. 7531. Holcus alpinus, Swartz in Schrad. neue joum. 2. st. 2. p. 45. t. 3. IVahlenb. lapp. p. 31. /. 2, Svensk hot. 438. Flor. Dan. 1508. Giesecke greenl. in Brewster's Edin. encyclop. f\ ' i m i''J 67. HrF,EOCHi.OE paccifloea, racemo simplici, flosculo masculo superiorc brevissime se. tigero, foliis culmi brevissimis ; radicalibus involutls. Desc. Gramen 3-5-uneiale. Radix re^wns. Culmi crecti, infra foliati supra nudi, striati. Folia radicalia subulata, marginibus involutis, culmo aliquoties breviora ; cidmea abbreviata, late subulata, marginibus inflexis, vaginis suis laxiusculis multoties breviora. Ra- cemus erectus, simplex vol subsimplex, pauciflorus, jicdicellis Icevibus. Locit^ta ovatae, acutip, triflone. Gluma bivalves, scariosa^, ovatae, concava», acutiuscula?, glaberriniae, locustam sub- jequantes, valvula inferiore manifeste minore. Flosctdi laterales niasculi, Iriandri, bivalves, chartacei, valvula inferior ovata, concava, marginibus infra medium nudiusculis supra omnino iiudis, flosculi superioris mox sub apice emarginato setigera, seta brevissima sti'icta valvulani vix supcronte ; flosculi inferioris mutica v. per-obsoletc setigera ; utriusque valvula superior angustior, linearis, dinervis, semibifida. Flosculus terminalis hemiaphroditus, diander, mu- tieus : valvula inferior concava, quinquiner\is, extra medium dorso lateribusque pilosius- culis, chartacea, fusca, apicc scarioso ; superior linearis, hvidina, glabra, acuta, indivisa, uni- nervis. Lodiculce 2, collatcrales, lanceolata?, acuminata*, hyalinae, ovario longiores. Ovarium glabrum. Styli 2. Stigmata alba, dense plumosa. itl< Ml Hi' I ■^li. . : iM 3o2 ^ 1 If fP CXCIV APPF.NDIX. ACOTYLEDONES. MUSCI. 68. PoLYTRiciirM rnoi'ixQUUM, caule simplici elongato, foliis marginc serrulatis dorso lirvibus. Obs. Species, absijut' fruttificatione Iiaiul dcterniinanda, a Polytricho communi satis divcrsa vidctur, 69. PoLYTttK iii'.M iiYi'EiiBonEUM, caulo ramoso, foliis pilifcris marginibus induplicatis dis- cum (totiim l.iiii(>llifi>nim) ojn-ricntiliiis, capsula totragoim apophysata. Desc. CaiUes sa;pius ramosi ramis fa,stigiatis, mim- simpliciores innovatione una alterave divisi. Folia c dilatata scmivaginaiiti liasi isubulata, mailore patula, siccitate apprcssa, disco toto lanR'llifero ; marginibus latis, indii])lii-atis, iiitcgorrimis, nienibranaccis k basi dilatata usque ad apiceni altero altcruni eijuitaiUe ; pilwi apicis hyalinus folio aliquoties (2-3-pIo) brevior, ]>cr lentein deiiticulatus, strictus. Masculi Jtores disciformes, in distincto individuo sa'pe minore. Seta nitens caulibus prcx-erioribus (biuncialibus) subsimplicibus brevior, fas- tigiattvramosos superans v. anpians. Capsula crccta v. inclinans tctragona, angulis in aciem attciuiatis ; ajiopbysis angulata aiigustior. Operculum heniispha'ricum cum mucronulo brevi. Pcristomiuin dentibus 64. Epiphragma deniuni sejmrabile. Calyptra exterior e villis dense implexis. Obs. Duplex vurietas. a. caulibus fastigiato-raniosis setam vix a;quantibus. ;3. caulibus iiinovando subraniosis seta longioribus. Haec P. pilifero proxima ab eodeni dift'crt caulibus elongatis innovando ramosis, pilis folio aliquoties brevioribus. 70. Poi-YTiMCHUM BUEviFOLiiTM, caule ramoso, foliis serrulatis muticis madore erectis sic- citate appressis, capsula inclinata olK)vata exajiophysata. Desc. M«5C2^.s- sesquiuncialis. Caw/eA" divisi, raiiiis fastigiatis. /"o/m e basi dilatata semi- numbranacea subiilata, extra medium serrulata, acuta, nmtica, disco toto lamellifero, dorso lajvi. Seta lavis, pallida. Capsula la:vis, cernua, ina'quilatera. Operculum conico-hemisphse- ricum, rostro subulato recurvo diametrum baseos vix 8e(|uante. Peristomii dentes 40, a'qui- distantes, intersticiis angustiores. Epiphragma crassiusculum. Calyptra exterior e viliis arete implexis. Obs. Muscus, cujus tria tantuni cxciui)laria a nobis visa in hcrbario D. Ross, uirnis forsan affinis P. alpino L. BOTANY. CXCV 71. PoLYTRicHUM sEPTENTRioNALE, Sw. til act. hohu 1795. p. 270. Musc. suec. p. 107. t. 9. /• 18. Menzies in L'mn. soc. transact. 4. p. 82. t. 7. f. 5. Obs. In herbario D. Fisher absque fructificatione visum, ideoque dubiuiii. 72. PoLYTHKHUM L.BViGATUM, WaMevh. Ittpp. p. 349. /. 22. Hooker mtisc. exot. t. 81. Catharinea laevigata, Bridel mant. p. 202. Catharinea glabrata, Hooker id. 2. p. 340. etl. p. ^i, Obs. Peristoma denies saepius quantum dcterminare potui 16, quandoque 32, lineares acutiusculi, hyalini, per lentcm longitudinaliter striati, striis saepius paulo flexuosis, in hemis- phaerium conniventes ; dum 16 approximati intersticiis angustissimis, parum insquales, la^ tioribus nunc biduntatis ; dum 32 aequales, intersticiis nianifcstis. Epiphragma hyalinum, di- ametro longitudinem dentis vix aequanto. Membrana interior capsules exteriori approximata, intus laevis absque processubus plicisve. Columella libera, angulata, longitudine fere capsula?. Capsvia per lentem modicc augcntem manifeste areolata. m u Jm> I ii -I lit 73. Hypnum jjixkns, Hedw. sp. musc. p. 255. Smith hrit. 3. p. 1316. Engl. bat. 1646. Muse. brit. p. 100. Wahleiib. lapp. p. 381. 74. Hypnum coiidifolium, Hedw. stirp. crypt. 4. p. 97. t. 37. Sp. musc. p. 254. Smith brit. 3. p. 1318. Engl. bot. 1447. Musc. brit. p. 107. 75. Hypnum abuncum, Linn. sp. pi. ed. 2. p. 1592. Smith brit. 3. p. 1327. Hedw. stirp. crypt. 4. p. 62. t. 24. Sp. musc. p. 295. 76. Leskia rufescens, Schwaegr.suppl. 1. sect. post. p. 178. t. 86. Hypnum rufescens, Dicks, crypt, fasc. 3. p. 9. t. 8. f. 4. Smith brit. 3. p. 1316. Engl. bot. 2296. Musc. brit. p. 99. 77. Mnium turgidum, IVahlenb. lapp. {0.351. ^.23. Schwaegr. suppl. \. sect. post. p. 123. t, 77. Br. in Hoss' voy. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 194. Richardson in Fran/ili?i's journ. p. 756. 78. Timmia megapolitana, Hedw. stirp. crypt. 1. p. 83. t. 31. Sp. 7nusc. p. 176. Schwaegr. suppl. 1. 5^c<. po*^ p. 84. Richardson in Franklin''s Journ. 756. Timmia cu- cullata, Michaux am. 2. p. 304. 79. Bryum rostratum, Schrad. spicil. p. 72. Smith brit. 3. p. 1369. Engl. bot. 1745. Afwsc. brit. p. 126. ^ 30. Mnium rostratum, Schwaegr. suppl. 1. sect. post. p. 136. ^. 79. Obs, Muscus Iiicce, necnonscK proximo pra'cedentes absque fructificatione tantura visi. .!■: t.i' til ill f" m I ill »: I cxcvi APPENDIX. 80. Bnvi'M (AtopiiYM.rM, foliis o\.itis ohtusis concovis : murginibus simplicibus integer- rimis capsiilis dbovatis jK'inliiHs. Dr.sc. Cte^jnton densi. Ciiul'"f innovationilnis continuis divisi, S-5-unicialcs, vetusti to- iiunto riulirali copiosn i-t foliis I'liiariiilis tocti. liumi nnnotini fastigmti, basi tantum tomcnto liulii-ali panioro Instructi, supra j^labri. yolin iinifomiia, sparsa, approximata, ovata v. sul). f)v;irin, iiKidico com-avn, obtiisa, imitica, nnrtjinibus simplicibus nee recurvis nee incrassatis, arLiilis subrotmidis, iiniformibuN, nervo valido, npieom folii nttingonti alwqne mucronulo cx- ciirrcnti, sffiiiius jiurpmva, «piand()qm> viridia, niadtire patenti-erceta, siecitate appressa ot \)M\\o undulata. Sota tcrminalis, ramos ann^tinos snperans, eastanea, laivis, apice arcuato. rccurvo. Cnpsula obovata. basi aeiitiiiscula, vix attenuata, lipvis. Operculum concolor, luiuispb'.Trioiini, papilla ininuta. Peristonnum duplex, exteiius dentibus 16, rufescentibus acuniinepallidiore, tranvorsiini striatis; «n^«nw5 album, c membrana lata loviter carinata, termi- nata ciliis 16. imperforatis, eum dentibus exterioris alternantibus, interstieiis sulxlenticulatis. Obs. reristoniii structura Pobliffi aecedit. 81. PoHi.TA nr.YoiDF.s, foliis ovato-laiiecnlatis aciuninatis intep;prriniis niar£»ine recurvis, capsiilis pvrifornii-oblonj^is, ojKTeiilo conico, floribus niasculis eapitato-diseoideis. Desc. Cee.tpiti'S densi. Caulcs innovatione eontinuo raniosi, infra tomento radicali castanco- Tufo roliquiisque folldruin tocti. Folia laete viridia, ovato-laneeolata, acuminata, nervo valido, in acumen excurrenti, niarginibiis intogerrimis augustissinie recurvis, areolis parvis obrMiijo trapczoi'.a'is. MascuH Florrs nionoici, ramos annotinos terminantes, gemniaceo- discoidei, foliis ixrigoiiialibus exterioriiius crectis, intimis nanis. Anthrro' numerosa;, cylin- dracen?, brevissime pedicellata'. Parnphy-^rs fiifomies, articulatir. Feminei Flores termi- nalcs; vagimiln capsuln? niatura' pistillis abortivis numerosis parapliysibusquc fere ad apicem truncatum stipata. Seta mediocris, la-vis, fusca, apice arcuato. Capsnla pcndula, fusca, lajvis, oblontjrvpvriformis, basi attenuata in apoplusim olx-onicam ipsathoca brcviorem. Operculum liomispbivrico-conicum, capsula quaiulocpie paulo saturatius. i4wn«/M5 latiusculus, striatus. Pcn'stomiiim duplex : rTtcrius dentibus 16, acuminatis, integerrimis, transversim striatis, fusco-rufescentibus, acumine pallido; int(n'ioris membranavix carinata, ciliis 16 cum den- tibus exterioris alternantibus, abstjue intermcdiis minoribus, cum cxteriore diu cohairens sed denuim liberum. 82. Poin.iA ARCTirA, foliis (viridibus) ovat apiivni ejuwloin rami cum foiniiico )ario, jamjam a Voitio 1. c. nutatum, otdentt's (KTistomii IG bipartitos fiiiribus transversim connexis c>l)sorvavi. 8(). BAnniri.A lkucostoma, caule siibsimplici, f«»lii.s ovat«>-lanco(>latis iniicroniilati» in- ti'ijorrijnis, i-a]>sula cylindracoa erecta, o|K;rful() conico, jwristomii dentibus ubliijuis apicc lorlis. Desc. Musrus I'a'spitosiis, soniurvialis. ffJM/w breves, dense fbliati, sa-pius indivisi, quan> (l(>({ue ))ai'uni raniosi. Folia nuicronu brevissinio, minnte areolata, niar^inibiis angiiste revoliitis, iicrvo valido, sietitate adprossa et |uiniin torta. Sota eanle lonj^ior, la-vis, fusea. Capsula la'vis, aMjuilatera. 0/)<'/T2//»/nconieiini, acutiun, paiilo inelinans, eapsula dimidio brevius, te- nuissimt! spiralitcr striatum. IWhtomhim allium, dentibus iiH, iilifunnibus, per paria ajv proximatis, dimidioque inferiore trabeeulis eonnexis, supra distinctis, apicibus piu'um tortis. Cj/i/j)tra hevls. Ol>s. Inter Darbulam et Didvmodun media. 87. Synteiciiia niiUAi.is, Jf'i'h. ct Mnhr tiunh. p. 21/>. Voit mils . /ii'ibip. p. 52. Brid. mant. p. QH. Tortula ruralis, Smith brit. !J. ;). \^\. Engl. hot. 2070. Turmr muse, hibern. p. 50. .Si/', muse. Slice, p. 39. Sehvafgr. suppf. 1. sect. \. p. l;J7. U'nldfnb. carpal, p. 338. Muse, brit, p. 31. t. 12. Iluuhr scot. par. 2. p. 127. lliehardson in FrankliiCs jouni. p. 755. IJarbula ruralis, Hi'dw. sp. viusc. p. 121. IValdenb. lapp, 318. Obs. Speiimina duo tantum et sine fructifitulione. 88. SvNTRicHiA MrcuoNiFoi.iA, caule ranioso, foliis ovato-oblonjris siccitatc adpressis: pilo integerrimo latitudine folii breviore, capsula cylindracca ina>(|uilalera erecta duplu longiurc ojK'rculo subulato-crmico. Tortula mueronifolia, Schwaegr. suppl. 1. sect. 1. p. 136. /. 35.'' Wahlenb. lapp. p. SI*.-* Des( . Museus V. ea-sjiitosus v. aliis intermistus, Caules erecti, breves, semper ramo.si, nunis fastigiatis, dense foliati. Folia concava, niarginibus integerrimis, infra medium leviter recurvis, minute areolatis, areolis baseos paulo laxioribus, nervo valido in pilum inte- gerrimuni excurrente, madore erect(vpatentibus, siccitate iinbricatis adpressis nee ccmtortis, pilo parum flexo. Seta capsula baud duplo longioi-, concolor, siccitate tortilis. Capsula saturate caslanea, hevis. Opireulum badium, per lentem pluries augentem spiraliter striatum, tlimidium capsula' vix a>quans. Peristomii membrana alba, pulclire reticulata, longior ciliis contortis. Calyplra novella tantum visa, la'vis. Obs. Syntricbia subgenus tantum esse videtur Barbuhe (s. Tortula;), cujus dentes e mcm- l)rana angusta ortum ducunt ; et in speciebus onuiibus utriuscpie quas invcstigavi operculum .<*piraliter .striatum est. nOTANV. CCXCIX Do synonymi.s supra fitatis S. mucronifolia hand (.niniiio ccrtiis sum, figiira tanieii Sdiwaegrichonii Ik'hc resiM)ndi.-t, et (k'si-riptio VVahlonburgii in omnibus convenit nisi longitu- dine cupidis folinruni inferioruui. 89. Encalypta cimata, Hedw. sp. muse. p. CI ? Hchwaegr. suppl. 1. sfc!. 1. ;;. 59? Smith brif. 3. p. 1181 ? Engl. hot. 1418? Wahlenb. lapp. iill ? Muse. brit. ». p. !35. 1. 13 ? Lecrsia ciliata, Hedw. stirp. crypt. 1. p. 49. /. 19? Obs. Excniplaria nonnulla Encalypta; specici in herl). D. Sabine olim visa ail banc, ni fallor, purtinont ; |M)stbat' dcti'rniinanda. 9(). GYMNosTOMt'^r ohti sikolium, foliis oblongo-ovatis obtusis inlogerriniis, capsula oblonga (Uiplo longiorc ojK'iTido conico columella' adnato. Dksc, Caulvs ramosi, dense foliali. FuUa concava, infra laxiuscule sui)ra medium minute reticidata, marginibus planis, nervo vix apicenj attingenti, madore erectcvjiatula, sic- citate a})pi-cssa et parinn Hexa. Sfta fusca, lajvis, caule longior. Capmla erecta, laevis, fusca, reticulata. Operculum breve conicum, cum columella cylindracea diu coha^rens. Al'LODON. Chaii. Gkn'. Pi^ristomium simplex: denlibus 16, a'quidistantilnis, indivisis, reflexililnis. Capsula apopliysuta, erecta. Cahjptra la-vis. Fluri's terminales: masculi discoideo-capi- tuliformes, Obs. Subgenus Splaelmi, a (pio diflert solummodo dentibus 1() ir{|uidistantibus, et forsan columella eapsula? matura' inclusa. Sed quoniam axis pellucidus dentis cujusvis compo- sitionem ejusdem indicat, ad Systylium (([uwl Splacbni alterum subgenus,) dentibus 16", .•eijuidistantibus, bipartitis, ])lane accedit ; in lioc enim coliaerentia operculi cmn columella, ex analogia cum Gynniostcmiis (|uibusdaiii, pro cliaractere specifici tantum valoris habenda sit ; et ad eandem structuramapproxiniatio indicata est in Sp/achno trniii' vt longirollo,'m quibus co- lumella tota apice subulate) persistit, quamvis ab operculo cito solutaest. Transitus ab Aplo- «l(»nte ad Splacbnum facilis est j>er S. longicollum {Dicks, aypt.fiisc. 4. p. 4. t. 10. /'. 9. America' occidentali nee Scotia) indigemmi,) cui dentes vix manifeste per paria approximati, (|ua nota difFert a S. tcnue valde affine sed dentibus geminatis reflexilibus instructo. Ad A|)lodontem proximo accedit Weissia Splaclinoides Schwacgr. (Cyutouon nob., alterum subgenus Sploclnii quasi constituens,) diversa priescrtim dentibus erectis apicibus incurvis, ideo(|ue S. Frajlicliiano dentibus erectis sed geminatis affinis. \i I", k M 91. Api.odon Wormskioluii. Splachni'm Wormskioldii, Homem. in Flor. Dan. 1659. Schwaegr. suppl. 2. sect. 1. p. 27- M08. 2 p ccc APPENDIX. a. Foliu acuiniiiata. Desi'. Afuscwt lii'to virons, iloiiso ca'spitosus, CaiUes 1-3-uncialo!), innovatinnibus rcpctitiH raniosi, infra toim'nto nuluali (-astuiu'o fdliistjiu' iiiiarcidis iwti ; ramin annotiniN hcrliacfiR, viii(iil)Us, foliatis. Fulid altiriiii, lU'scviuliiido iTiiiDliora, lii'U" vir'ulia, ovato-laiiceolata, lU'ii- niinata, Integerrliua, laxe ri-ticulata, ni-rvo tciuii, ad ortum uniniiius concolonH, dianietruni transvcTsum folii vix ip({iiautis, (K>smt>nti. Masculus Flos disi-oidt'o-fapituliforinis, ramum paiKifoliiini ijiisdiin I'uni foiniiiw) vi-l distiiu-ti t-aulis teniiinans ; foliis periguniaii/jus cau\iniH 8ul)c-oni'onnil)iis, infra connivi'ntibiis coloratis, apiiibus imtulis viridihus. Anfhera nuine- rosa", hri'vissinu' prdiiollata-, nlindnuiir. Pdrdfiht/sfs plures, lutcsccntes, articuliH suraum irassiorihiis I)ivvioril)u.s(|iii', ultimo Dhtiiso. Phtillii nulla. Fi'/iiini'us Flos ti>rminalis, nias- culo an^ustior, foHu perichcetialihua raiiieis c-onforniihus i-t concoloribiis. Pktilla 3-5 ; jiaraphysihus j)auci«siniis ; (fw/Zt^Ti'v nuilis. Sfta rainuni fructifcruni subirfjuauH, bcrluicea, sa'pissinio viridis, t-tiani j)ost lapsuni opt-rculi, (|uando(|iu> diniuni pallide fusi-a. Vaginula laxiusoula, diluto fusra, ore nifrnt-castanoo, (|uando(iui' inaHpiali, basi pistillis alMirtientibus stipata. Calyptra j^labra, la'vis, sulK-anipainilata, hcI idtero latere fere ad apicem us(|uc fissa, capsida adulta brevior. Apophyns obovata, basi vix attenuata, eapsulam irassitie sul)a'(juan><, nune paulo aniplior, coneoUir, deniuni pallida et alte eorru^ata. CapsiJc s-recta, cvlindrace()-t)bovata, hrvis, ea^tanea, stoinate baud eoarctato et (piandoque dentihus de- ciduis nudo, deopereulata a|M)j»liysi brevior. Pvristnmium simplex, denlibus 1(5, ivproximati et basi coadunati. Dum i BOTANY. coci iJ. Frtrlirhianum, vi fi)rsan Wulft'ninniim, capsulii iiulinatn pt <, ntil»u« c tin a Splnrhnis gonuinig liiHtinguitiir i-t Hiih^fuiis eiforniat. 92. Spi.achnum VAscirLOHiiM, Linn. up. pi. ed. a. p. Ii372. cxcliis. ss Buxh. {.ii-ilir. ttirp. crypt. 2. p. 44. f. 15. nptimo, Sp. muse. p.m. Schku.hr deal. „r'os. p. 41, t. 17. ii'oneil supra fitata Hcdwigii niutuata. Srhwnrgr. ftuppt. 1. sect. 1. p.TA. )Vahlmb. lapp. p. {308. Muse, lirit. p. J21. t. ii\. lu-iif. flooktr scot. par. 1. p. 125. Dks<'. Caules innovamlo siil)ram«)si, iincialcs, luxe foliati, iiifLTiic fil)ras purpureas ramosns 8upra-axil lares nonnullas i-xsiTeiitos. Folia altorna, orhiiulato-ohovata, ohtusissima, parum concava, Imsi anpiistata, snniaiii|)Ic'xi{'aulia, niarjrinihus inti-frcniinis plauis, iicrvo mox infra apicem cvaiK-sccnti ; pmchatinlia similin, iulimis 2-3 i-xtvptis minorihus ovatis acutiusculis. Seta caulem subajquans, ca.staiiea, laivis. Vnginula basi stipatu pistillis pluribus almrtivis. Apophysis subspliffirica vcl olwvata, nipsula duplo ainplior, scniisiccnta ru-ha'niis[)ba'rieo, floribus masculifl sessilibus, seta periehsetiuni bis superante, foliis ovato-laneeolatis eoneavis ciispi- datis integcrrimis. Desc. Mmwjw dense c«?spitosus. Caiiles innovationibiis ramosi, sesquiunciales, infra foliis vctustis einareidis tonientoqiie radiculoso copioso teeti. Rami annotini la-te virides, foliati, basin versus foliis rarioribus et brcvioribus. Folia laneeolata-ovata, concava, integerrima, cuspidatn, cuspide coneolori fere I longitudine lamina', laxe reticulata, Isrte viridia. Femi- netis Flos gemmiformis, angustus. Pistilla 3-5, filis sueculentis, ])aueis, hyalinis ; staminibus nuUis. Seta longitudine fere rami annotini, parum angulata, la-vis, castanca, capsula tota, a]X)physi simul sumpta, duplo longior. Capsula vera eylindraeea, Uevis, nigro-castanea, ore dilatato, patulo. Apophysis obeonica basi atteiuiata, capsula paulo longior. Operculum ma- dore conicum, siccitate eonico-liamispluvricum mucronulo manifesto. Pcristomium intra margincm membrana? exterioris, ubi desinet interior, ortum : dentibus 16, quatcrnatim ad me- dium usque eonnatis, singulis absque stria longittidinali manifesta. Masculus Flos cum fe- minco coUatcralis, ranium terniinans, discoideo-capituliforniis, setnper sessilis, etiam duni femi- 2 1> 'i I ' m 4 H CCCIl APPENDIX. lU'vis, prinui piiritfi- sosmUs, floiTHiriUia |U'nK*ta raiiiulo mio proprio iloiigato iiDiulot. Falia jirngoniiilid i hiM luiivcolata i-nt-ta in iiispidi'in htM loii^iiircin, Kdlailatiini prmliu-ta. Antherie nunurosii' vifrinti ciriilir, livisMnu' aniiata^ linvissinu' pitliivllata'. I'araphysvs Mraiiiinfa>, biirsiuii iiicrassjila* aninilis hivviorihiis tras^ionl)iis«|iu'. Pistil la nulla. Obs. Fac'ii's oiuniiiu S. niiiioidis, tjuiH'Uiii pliirihiu nutis aiiivviiU, tula opiTculata paiil«i lalioiv, »)jktiuI»» sitritatf dqirosfMi imitin>, Horihiis inaH'iilis l)tvv(^ ))cdiiiiculati.s, sila ^aricliu'tiuiii vi\ su|)cranto, foliis itvutiH cuncuviH I'liiipidatis inti'jjiTrimis. Desc. tVa*;nVrs' dciisi. Cuitlfs iniiovando tliviM, uiuialos. Folia viriilissima, ai-ununo fiu1)iilat(»-sc-tai'i><>, foiu'olori, loiii^itiidiiu' ', folii. SrI/i ftiliis Horalilnis patdo loiifjior, anj^idata, la'vis, cap.sulam rum apopliysi ^ulllptalll vix siipi'ians. Ciipxula r\ liiulract'a, l)ivvis, (»ro di- latato. Apoj>ht/si\- primo viridis, inox fusca, lapsulii ante lapsuui n|H'ri'»di paulo taiitiiiii eras- sior, denuiiu iiijjricaiis jivrifdnuis, cajjsula dcopiirulata coiu-olori fciv dupio aiiipluir. O/w- tuluin coiiii'().lK'iuispIiiirit iim, iiuiticutii, siccitati' plainuscuhMli'prossum. Perixtomii denies 1(), (|uatcriialini ap})i(»\iiiiati rt ad ini-diuui iis(|uo ndia'rt'iitcs, siiifruli al>s(|uo stria luiifritu. diiiali niaiiit'c'sta. Coli/ini-l/ii iiass<)-i\ liiidrai-i'a, pulposji, a})ico lioi.iisplia'rico favitatoiu i)|ht- fuli replt-nti. Mdncului Flo>' rapitato-discoidiiis, rauiuluin hrovcui, fciuiiicu coUutcruli'iii, Ilt- minans, anth(.>ris parapliysibiiMpic Duiiifrosis, pistilliH certe iiullU. Obs. I'roxiimiiu S. arctico, an ijusdoni variolas .'' 95. Si'i.AcUNr.M KXMUiTr.M, c.ipsula iiitorioiv sohita siccitato scmicxsorta ; cxtcriorc ore dilatato, a|M)i)li}!si uhcunica cupsula (cuniuluri) aii^ustiurc, foliis lancuulato-ovatisi acuininatiii inti'{i[ernnii.'! Desc. Caules aniiotino-raDiosi ; Folia oinninu S. arctiii I't propinqui. Masculus Flos ca- pitato-disc-uidous, raniiduni distiiictuni, foiniin'o brevioivm, foliatuni, i-justlemcauliH terniiiianM, foliis |KTi<;()iiiali|)us l)asi lutfscvntil)iis, aiiMniiie l)ri'vi viridi. Antherec pauca>, cylindracca?, ii'viter arciiativ : paraphysibus iiuniorosis sursum tra.s.sioribirs : pistillis wvAYm. iStf^a tcnninalis, (>eric'lia'timn vix supi'i-ans, dilute fusia, la-vis. Capsula cum ai)()pliyHi smnpta turbiimta; theca exterior obovata ; interior pcHlicello iiisidt-ns libera, dcmuni exsiccatione exterioris ex- serta. Peristomiurn : denies IG, niox intra niarginem capsula* exterioris orti, prii'iu cpiater- natim ba.si colia-reiites, deniuni quaternatim vel (juancUKiue geminatim reflexi. Obs. Muscus valde aflinis hinc 5^. arctico et prupimjuo inde paradoxo ; l4 lii omnes atlco approximati pra-sertin" figura et texluru folioruiu ut varietutes unius cjusdcinquo speciei fur:>an con.sidcrari ()ussunt. 96. Si'LACHXiTM rAn.\iJOxi-.M, capsida aduluabstpie sulura opcrculi (dcnium separabilis ?) ; interiore pedicelhita, ajmpliVMi atteiiuata capsula angustiore, foliis lanct-olatu-uvatis acuiiii- natis integerriuiis. nor ANY. ccciii Divsc. Ciiuti'^ vix Ht'imiiuinlcN, iiinovutiuiiilHm nimoHi. Fulia ovnt siihiilato tnini tninsvi-rNiiin f'olii huI)- a>t(tianti, (Icnuiin tUrolori piliiin ivt'i'iiiiti. Mit: folia prriffonid/in latuvolttta, l)u*i romiivi-iitia, apiiihiis patiilin aciiiniiiatis. AnI/ura niiiiier<)!»u;, cyliiulracca', IcviHsinu' iiiciirvii'. Parnphj/nfs luiiiu-roHir, Hiibclavatir. Flox fi'miiii'us torniinaliK. Srtii h-m-ii, lii'vis, cniili' loMj>;inr. Cnjmilrt i-nrta, oMoii^rD-oIxnata, hasi in apopliyHiii olu-onicani si-ipsu aiifjnstioiTin t>t l)ri'\ iornii attiiiiiata, liuvis jut U-ntoni pliiru-s aii^rciiteiii |)iini-tis iniiiiitix loii!jitii(lii)aliti'r soriatis, (li'jm'ssis, ailveisiis liuviii M'liiipolliicidis li'iuiissinu' (piaHi striata, al)s(|iu' oporriilo cjiisvi' iilLi intlicatioiu-, apiiiilo ohtuso paiilo ooiistrifto. T/ircu vrra di- inidiuiu siipt-riorcin taiitiiin lapsiiliv oxtorioriH ncTiipaiis, {KMlicollo cviindracco, ex apiee a|)o- physi" (lorivato, iiiHidens, liliora, ud ortmn (U-ntiinii dusineiiA il»i(|ui' cum capsida cxteriore coii- flueiis. Df'ntfs 1({, (|iuitcriiatiiii nd im-dium colia-rciitcs, siihiilati, pallidc f'lisci, apiccm cnvitatis cai)sula' attinjTciiti's. Si'mi'iin niimitissimn, in cmnulo oliviicco-viridia, scorsini liynlina, lirvin. Ohs. Hue omnia e spiH'imine iinico cum eapsulis S maturis plenis et duahiis vetusfis vaeuis pariter clauMs, varictatem nanam S. arctici referente, desinnpta sunt. Kxemplaria dein pluru varietalis, ut videtur, ejusdenj Musci, in lurlmrio 1). Richardson, inter Fort Knter[)risc et mare arcticum lecta, et eum S. nmioiili .S7t7Yj>':>-7'. in Frnn/ilin'ajoiirn. y>.755 (non Iledwifrii,) intermista inveni : horum capsulie adulta- ninnerosn' cimiamomeo-t'usca', dausiu et abscpie su- lura vel ulla alia opereuli indicatione. In hac varietate /o,, i|Ute statura major et calyptni liiniidiata donuta, seta longior (piain in a. dentes([uo 16 suKuquidistontes et fero ad basin distineti. E duplicis varietatis bisce s))cciminil)us diu in anim > fuit projwnere novum genua sub nomine Ciivi'Todontis, ob capsulam oj)erculo destitutam dentibus vero inclusis instruc- tani : si-d omnibus iterum examini sid)jectis capsulam unam alteramve vetustam oiktcuIo delapsoct |H?rist(miio di ntato, in eodem capspite cum clausis, et quantum determinare lieuit ad eandeni spi-ciem jX'rtinentem, obscrvavi, idecMpie ad Splaclnuun, baud tamen absque du])ita- tiune, museum paradoxuni denunn retuli. In Splacbneis autem, prieter annuli defwtum in tota tribu, approximationes nonnulliv ad ea]isulam clausam (K-currunt, scilicet in Apltnlonte ubi ojK'rculum cum altcro latere stomutis diutius colueret, et in Systyli(» in cpio cum columellu cohierens jx'rsistit : ncc transitus ditKcilis ii Splacbneis ad Voitiam habitu et statione iisdeni bene convenienteni. ■ !■ M VOITIA. Ilonischuch comnwnt. tie voit et .s;y*<. /'. 5. Hooker imtsc. exot. 97. Nees v. Esenb. et Jlornsch. bryul. germ. 1. p. 79. Schwacgr. suppl. 2. jnctranti, in P. bryoidi et curvicollo paritcr cxstat : et florum dispositio sul)simUis in Pbascis nonnuUis obtinet. Semina niiiuitissinia affinitatem Voitia; cum Cryptodonti potius quam Phasco indicant. V^oitia vogesiana Nestl. dvibia bujus generis species mibi vidctur, et habitu Pbascis non- nullis, pra>sertim P. flexuoso Schwaegr. suppl. 2. sect. 1. p. 1. t. 101. convcnit; a Voitia diversa floribus s«e|X' dioicis, niasculorum forma, capsulis ba^i in apopbysin angustiorem at- tenuatis, seminibus majusculis, et forsan magnitudine proix)rlioiiali calyptrae a menondum visas. 97. Voitia hyperborea, capsula glolx).so-ovata l)asi subtruncata, foliis dilatatcvovatis acu- minatis. Voitia bypcrborea, Grevillc et Arnott in Wern. soc. m<-m. i. tab. 7./. 19. capsula, et 21. folimn. Desc. AIuscus cEEspites densos sa>pius eff'ormat, raro aliis, Splachnis prffsertim, intermixtus. Caules 6-9-lineas longi, tomento radicali infernc arete cohaerentes, innovationibus subramosi, basi foliis vetustis toment(X]ue radicali rufo-castaneo «'opioso tecti; ramis annotinis dense foliatis cradiculosis. Folia late ovata, nKnlice concavji, intcgcrrima, :u-uinine e nervo valido producto formato, ~ longitudinis folii a-tiuante, sed concolori nee nisi vetustate canescenti pilum(|ue refe- renti, laxiuscule reticulata, areolis rectangulis, invicem ina°([ualibus sed jwr totam folii longitu- dinem unift>rniibus, marginalibus vix majoribus, madore erecta, siccitatc subappressa. Pert- chatialiu paulo majora, acu^ine pro]M)rtionatim longiore. Vaginula cylindracea, basi pistillis })aucis alwrtivis sti))ata, indivisa, .icc fissa nee bivalvis, apice niembranaceo ineequali lacero. Seta elongata, caulem totum a<|uans v. paruni s\ipc'rans, licvis, castanea, siecitate tortuusa. Capsula erecta, castanea, lavis, dilatato^^vata, basi transversa subtruncata. rostroaj)icis indinato longiludinc dimidii capsula*, absque oju-rculo ejusve onmi vestigio : exterior coriacea, minute reticulata, areolis quadratis ; interior ab exteriore libera, centro baseos uml)ilicat;B affixa, apice clauso proeessu subulato longitudine rostri exterioris, pallida, tenue membranacea, utrinque IcPvis nee intus septis proecssubusve inaMiualis. Columella angulata subtctragona, longitudine capsulae interioris. Semina minutissima, Pliasci bryoidis decies fere minora, in cumulo viridia, separatim byalina, f .'bgloliosa, per lentem centies augentcm striis nonnullis insignita, sed sini- plicia nee divisibilia. Masculus Flos ramubim proy)rium, l)rcvissimum, femineo collatcralem hoc vcro jwst fa'cimdationem elongato demum (juasi lateraleni terminans, discoideo-gcmmiformis, BOTANY, CCCV femineo subsimilis, foliis perigonialibus perichaetialibus conformibus. Antherce numerosne, cylin- dratcie, leviter arcuat«. Paraphyses copiosae, articulis siipcrioribus sensiin crassioribiis et brevioribus. Obs. Valdc affiiiis Voiti.-p nivali i.\\xx iliffert capsula oblongo-ovata basi acuta, foliis elongato- ovatis laxioribus, Htatura majuri. I HEPATIC^. 98. JuNCERMANNiA MiNUTA, Schrcb. ill Crantz grunl. forts, p. 285. Dicks, fasc. 2. p. 13. Waldtmb. lapp. p. Ii9'. 7G1. Lichen islandicus, Linn. sp. pi. ed. 2. p. Kill. /^/c/-. Dan. 155. £/'5'/. /vo/. 1330. Srensk. hot. 34. U'ahlenb. lapp. p. 434. Carpat. p. 379. I'psal. p. 413. Soland. in Phipps" voy. p. 203. I'liyscia islaiidi( a, il/(V/£. (/;«. 2. ;). 32(5. 107. Cetiiauia oi< i'ei.i.a, Achar. syn. p.^Q. Lichen odonlclkis, Vahlenb. lapp. p. 434. 108. Peltidea ai'Hthosa, Achar. syn. p. 238. U'ahlenb. lapp. p. 440. Carpat. p. 380. Svensk bat, 318. Hooker scot. par. 2. p. GO. Richardson in Franklin s Journ. p. 761. Liclicn aphthosus, Linn. "p. pi. ed. 2. p. IGIG. £/»g-/. bot. 1119. Wulfen in Jacipt. coll. 4. ;;. 2GG. ^ 17. 109. CoHNMci'LAUiA ociiROi.EUCA, Achor. syn. p. 301. Hooker scot. par. 2. j). 69. Richardson in Franklin"s Journ. p. 762. Usuca ochrolouca, Hoffni. pi. lichen. 2. p. 7. /. 26. Z". 2. Lichen ochrolcucus, Wafdenb. lapp. p. 438. Carpat. 382. £/jg/. bot. 2374. 110. CoRNiruLAniA LANATA, Ackav. syn. p. 302. Hooker scot. par. 2. p. 69. Lidien lanatus, Linn. sp. pi. ed. 2. ;;. 1623. Engl. bot. 846. lyahlenb. lapp. p. 440. Carpat. p. 383. Lichen nonnoricus, Gwnn. norv. par. 2. p. 123. /, 2. /. 9 — 14. nOTANY. CCCVll in. Ceuania vEUMicuLAnis, Achar, syn. p.^lH. C'eiiomycc? vornucularis, Hooker scot. par. 2. p. 65. Richardson in Franklins jour n. p. 762. Br. in Flindprs' voy. 2. p. 594. BcEoniyccs vt-rniicularis, Wahlenb. lapp. p. 458. Cladonia subiilifoniiis, Hojfm. pi lichmi. 2. p. 15. t. 29. /. 1 — 3. Lichen vcrniicularis, Dicks, crypt, fasc. 2. p. 23. t. 6. /, 10. Engl. hot. 2029. Obs. Apothccia (?) lateralia, spar.sa, atra, thallo iniiata coque submarginata, apotheciis Roccclhe aliquo niodo accedentia, in cxeniplaribus nonnuUis a D. Fisher lectis observavi. 112. Cenomyce pyxidata, Achar. syn. p. 252. 113. Stereocaulon paschale, Achar. syn. p. 284. Mich. am. 2. p. 331. Br. in Flinders" voy. 2. p. 594. Spitz, pi. in Scoresby's arct. 1. apptmd. p. 76. Giesecke Greenl. in Edin. encyclop. Hooker scot. par. 2. p. 66. Richardson in Frankliii's journ. p. 762. Boeomyccs paschaUs, Wahlenb. lapp. p. 450. Carpat. p. 386. I^iichcn pasclialis, Li?in. sp. pi. ed. 2. v. 2. p. 1621. Soland. in Phipps'' voy. p. 204. Lichen raniulosus, Sw. Jl. ind. occid. 3. p. 1917. ■I 114. Usnea sphacelata, thallo crectiusculo fruticuliformi, ramis primariis ochroleucis iiignwittatis la-vibus, ultiniis attenuatis nigris : sorediis confertis concoloribus ochroleucisve. Usnea.'' prope melaxantham, Br. spitz, pi. in Scoresby's arct. 1. append, p. 76. Obs. Proxima U. melaxanthae Ach. syn, p. 303., dift'ert statura aliquoties minore, ramis primariis livvibiis, sorediorum pra?sentia. Apothccia nondum visa. Eandem specicm, st)- rediis pariter instructani apotheciisquc dcstitutam, in summitatc Montis Tabularis Insula' Van Diemcn, anni 1804, legi. r FUNGL 115. Cantharellus lobatus, Fries syst. mycolog. 1. p. 323. Hclvella membranacea, Flor. Dan. 1077. /. 1. 116. Lycoperuon puatense, Pers. syn. fung. p. 142. '1,1 1 Pt'SPter planta<« supra enumeratas, species nonnullae in herbariis citatis exstant, scilicet Muscorum quincjue, Lecideie v. Leprariae unica, ct Agarici tres : has vero c speciminibus vtl fructificatione destitutis vel male exsiccatis haud determinare potui. Algae subnicrsa' prorsus nulla; reportato; fuere. i I CCCVlll APPENDIX. SjK'cics qiiie Florulae Melvilliaiifc acUiucdum propria* remanent sequentcs sunt. Ranunculus Sahinii, qui ?iivali niniis affinis. Ranunculus afiinis, proxiniiis auricoiiio. Draba paucijlara, valde duhiii s|K'c'ii's. Plafypelalum dubium, cujiis floras ijjnoti. Sievcrsii Rossii, proxima S. humili Ooiialashkiv indigena. Tusftilago ccrymbosay valdi- affinis T. frigidte. Pfdicularis arclica, propo /*. sudfticam il Langsdorfii. Dupontia Fishm, granuni nuUi cognito affinis. Barbuhi leucostoma, (lUic species distineta videtur. Gymnostomum obtusifulimn, species insignis, sed non satis cognita. Splachnum arcticum, proxinium 5. mnioidi. Borrcra aurantiaca, Lichenosa distineta, sed dubii generis. Genus itatjuc Insuhc Melville ])eeuliare nullum restat nisi Dupontia, si hoc e({uidem ser- vari meretur. Aliquas obscrvationes, sjx^cies lumnuUas Floruhc Melvilliana; illustrantes, derivatas tx herbarii insjx?ctione ad litora orientalia America* arctiea;, inter grad. 66. et 70. lat., in novissinia navigatione duce D. Parry, forniati ii D. Ross, cujus amicitia- specimina totius colleetioni> debeo, liic sulyungere licet; ordine Florulae servato numerisque specierum ))r8cfixis. 11. PlATVPETALUM PITRPURASCENS. Silicultc V. ovali-ol)long!e v. oblonga-, glabra? v. pilis raris brevibus simplicil)us biiidisque conswrsjp, stigmatc quandiKjue ca|)itato eniarginato, nee semper bilobo lobis patentibus, coronata' : indvulis aveniis, t-earinalis, planiusculis ; dcssepinwnto rarius fenestrato. Serntna biseriata. Cotylfdoncs ineumhcntes, angusto-oblonga*, rectaj nee basibus crus radiculare embryonis oceuj)antibus. Platvpetidum iUKjue iiinc .SM6?