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Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole -^»> signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film^s d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est film6 i partir de Tangle supirieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 A A SIA< A NAVAL CAEEEE THE OLD WAE: itiiij It flatriitiftc of iljc "§Ut or ADMIEAL JOHN MARKHAM M.P. FOR IMlllTSMOITII .'(IR TWF.MV-TIIHEF. VllARS (loud or TlIK AOMIIIAITV, 1801-1-, AND 180(1-7). lonBon : SAMPSON LOW, ]\rAl{Sro\, SKAKLK, & RIVINGTON, CnOWN BUU.DINGS, 188, FLEKT STRKKT. 1883. [All righlt reierred,] LiBi^ARY I Victoria, B d pirKi^wcK Till') story of a good iiiid useful life, wliicli worked oiit its destined course three genei'iitioiis iigo, wlieii it can 1)0 pieced together in siit isf'yiiig detail, is generally worth the telliiig. There is iiistriictif)n to ho derived from realizing the kind of work men had to do, ar^l how they did it ; and from contemplating tho as- pirations and hopes, the- thoughts a)id wishes, the homes and home feelings of those who were hero a hundred years ago, and whom we have succeeded. It is not often that we can do this. The great grandsires of most of us, and even many historical personages of those days, are mere shadows now — names marking dates, and nothing more. It is a welcome thing when ono sucli can 1h> hi'ought before us, again acting his daily life, thinking and working, and becoming a. reality. It is interesting and usi'ful, even when he whom we thus learn to know does not bear a gn'at name, and was not a foremost man in iiis generation. It is oidy when th(^ j)apers of one who has long passed away have been preserved with some complete- ness, that we can obtain this insight into the lives of those who were at work in our places a huuilred years ago. In the pres(>nt instance" we ai'c able to trace out the life-work of a naval otHcer, who was not in the lirst rank, but who saw a great deal of service, and was engaged in scenes and at places which are histori- A 2 IV Prifacc. cally interesting. His private life iind his family connexions also present passages wliicli repay atten- tion, and his pai'liainentary and ollieial eareer is idcntilied with measures wliieh were important, at the time, and are of interest now. To the naval profession there is much in such a life which makes a knowledge of it useful. In the beginning of this century there was a publi- cation called the Xaral ( 'hrninric, containing naval news of all kinds. Among other things each number had a biogi'ai)liical notice of some admiral or captain, with a j)ortrait. These notices were sometimes entirely written by the subjects of theui ; and in most cases, tliongli no! always, the niatei'ials and portraits were fiu'iiished to the edit(»r. There is no notice of the life of Admiral Markham in the Xm-til ahvonidc, and no portrait, lie did not a|)prove of the system, as the fcdlowing letter will show: — " August 19th, 1H04-. "Slli, — 1 must decline to supply materials for a bio- graphical sketch to the Xanil Chroiilrlo. If I had been foi-tunate enough to have achieved anything worth)' of commemoration, a posthumous detail of my services would ])erliaps be more satisfactory to the public than a partial review from the biassed pen of " Your iiumble, obedient servant, " .billN MaKIvIIAM. " I have no portrait of myself." ' But Admiral Maikham metln^dically preserved, docketed, and arrangetl all his official correspondence ' Till' Sir TliDiiias I.iiwri'ini' hrloiij,'cil to lii> fiitlier, iiiul was in Sfiutli Aiulli'v Siici't. Til'' iKirtriit by Hct'clii'v was nut yi't painted. Prcfi lUC 1111(1 ii considciMblt' sclcctidii tVoiii his priviito Ictlci's. 'I'liis must liiivc l)('('ii (lone hcciiusc lie thoujjflit I hat. tlicv mijj^ht ])()ssil)ly Ix' iiscl'iil in the limo to coiiio, ;iii(i, it" lliis was s(», he was willing that tlu^y should 1)(' utilized. These considerations have led to tlie pivparation, mainly tVoni his papers so ju'eserved and an'anL,'ed, of a narrative of the lite of Admii'al Markhain, whose active service afloat exteiuled from 177") to 1800, whoso |»arliamentary careci- covered the period from IHO] to 182(1, and who was a TiOrd of the Admiralty during two administriuions, Tiie gaj)s in the admiral's papeis have been filled in by refcrencos to logs in the State i*a[)er OlHce, to (Jazettes, to the Jervis I'apers in the British iMuseuin, and to published works treating of the same ])er;')d. Jn this way the story has been made tolei'al)ly complete. AltMl Sciiti Tin: Unci Tiiic A V THK Tin: TlIK Hal CONTENTS. CMAITKU I. Ai.MiitAi. Maukiiam's Katiiku i>Aor 1 CIIArTKK Tl. SciKioi. Days 18 niATTEU III. Till: Vm^v Citiisix ClIAPTEU IV llNChK Kxik'h's Stokv 31 CHArTKK V, TlIIC riCmi.S i>K A I'KlZlvMASTKi; 44 (WAITER VI. A FlHHT LlIU TKNANT 49 The Oohdon Kiots CHAlTEli VII. CHAPTER vni. TiiK "ZicHiiA" Couut-Mauti*'. . i-iiapti:r IX. Tin; Mediterranean in Time of Peace r)7 65 77 CHAPTER X. Half-Pay 8a Mil CoHtCllfs. i;ilAl'TKR XI. Um>k« II"WI'. ami .Ikiivis . . . • (IIAI'I'KH XII. MAUiiiAtii; CIIAl'TKH XI II. Tin: " t'K.NTAlll" ClIArTlvU XIV. A .Saii.mu's Wii'K CHAI'TKll XV. Tin; I'.i.iiiKAitK OF 1>iii;ht . . • • IHAI'TEII XVI. A Loud "I tiik Admihai-tv CHAl'TEK XVII. In Oi'i'osiTioN CllArTKK XVlll. KlHST 81CA Lf'lU) CIIAI'TKK XIX. II0.MK CHAPTER XX. Skparationh CHAPTER XXI. The End APPENDIX. Tiiu Admiral's Children . I'.»OK lO-J . r.M) ni ID I IC.) IS: 200 l\\ 2.58 •2G9 . 283 I'Adf. lO-J IJO i:U A NAVAL CATvEEE DUIUNO THE 01.1) WAR. 154 ICIJ 1S1> 200 •220 244 258 2G1) 28:5 n CHAPTKli I. AnMII.'Afi MAIMvIIAM's I'ATHKR. WiiKN iniitcM'ials hiivo boiMi pn>sci'vo(l which toll tho lit'e-stoiy of u public servant who has b^en actively employed for half a century, tlie labour of arrangin«:f and condensing them is generally \v(?ll spent. For it is by the perusal of such nari-atives that a future generation is enabled to become ac(pilieved that the narrative of his career will be found to be of sufficient interest to repay perusal. It will first be desirable, however, to refer back V(>ry briefly to his parentage, so as to bring on the stage those persons who formed his surroundings, ;uid influenced his early life. The family of Markham was influential and pros- jierous in Nottinghamshire for several centuries, producing a bishop, two judges, many knights of the '/ A^avd/ Carver durinc the Old ]\'ar sliiro niul military coiiimandcrs, Iwo iiutlioi's, and a traitoi'. liut at last, in tlio lavish days of Eliziibotli d J: U til f and .janii'S l.j tlioro succeeded a valiant consumer o liis estate." ' Sir Robert Mai'kliam, of Gotham, was " a fatal iinthrift and destroyer of this eminent family." fts place in Nottini^hamshiro knew it no more. Sir Robert's grandson, Daniel, began life as a London a|)[)rentice, was afterwards a volunteer under the Duke of York, and during the course of a military life ho founil himself (iiiartered in Ireland in about 1080. ller(> ho married the daughter of Cafitain Fennel, (-■ ('ii|i[)agh, by a daughter of General Fleetwood, and his son, William Markham, was born at Kilkenny in 168G. William entered Trinity College, Dublin, in 170G, Mild in 1711 lie purchased a connnission, and served in S[)ain imdi'r General Stanlio[)e. Tie was, as a young man, of ii jovial disposition, a writer of drinking- songs with I'ousing choruses, a lover of daring adventures, always volunteering for active service wherever it was to be found, liut he was proud of his ancient lineage, very ])unctilioiis, and he fought at least one desperate duel with swords behind Montague House. He married his distant kinswoniaji, Eli/.abeth, daughter of (reorge Markham of Worksop Lodge,- in ' 'riioi'dtiiii. ■' Tliis i-nri(His dill iiiniior-lioiisc is still Ntainliii;;, iiiid is now ,'i fjiriii- lnMisc (111 tlu^ Diiko of >v'ew('iistlc's property, in tliu valley nf tlic Ixytuii, wliiih flows by Wurksnp aiul OsliiTtoii to join tin; liUi'. 'I'lir liiiiisi! rijiisists (if a cciitic, witli Ljalilcs slij;iilly prujecting, aiul two wings. Till' cciitiv lias a liascniciit ami two lofty, spiicioiis rooms, one alinvi! till' ollii'i-, cxti'iiiliiiL,' iVoiii the liack to tlii' f,oiit of tlic limisi'. Till' lowrr rooiii was llir I'litr.iini' liali, ami ii l]i''lit of st iici' it'll up to it. Tl ii'ie a re 1; U"t' wiinli ■til st cps outsiiin Hi one iiiuiiioii Till' walls ail' of j^iriit lliickiirss, ami in one wiiii; ii soliil pillar of iiiasoiiiy lisL's to till' roof, wilii a slainase wimlin;^' roiiiid it of aiiuan; i ev( j.rc his up (h's e>t oaki aiii Admiral Mixrkliam s Juxtlicr. ii ml a iK'V of ras luily. Sir London M- till' ry lifo i(')80. lU'l, (" )(1, niui mny in 170G, served IS, as a riiikitig- (lariiijjf service lul of liis 3ug-ht at ilontaguo jlizabetli, iO(lillar i)f [ it (i[ aiiuan; Xottingliaiiisliirc, in 1717, and for about ten years lie was settled at Kiiisale, in Ireiand, on a captain's liiilf-pay, eking out his scanty income by keeping a school. Hero his three sons, William,'' George, and Enoch, were born, and here his wife died on July 17tli, 1 —-i.t The retired officer now devoted all his energies to the education of his children. His second son George in due time entered the navy, the youngest, Enoch, «iil;hS(ll' I.OIK.K. eventually went to the academy at Woolwich, to be prepared for tlu^ army ; and he carefully trained his eldest boy, and lavished most of his attention upon one who well repaid it in after-life. He was disappointed in his expectation of succeeding to the estate of his maternal uncle Fennel, owing to what 'lak licains. 'I'lic Ikiusc is invL-red with ivv, aiiil its iicculiar hci.Ltlit and u.inowiicss L;ivL's it a iiiricuis aiipcaiaiicc iiiiiiosiii^r fioiii adistaiui'. •' JJaiiti/cl Ajiiii !ltli, 17U». U '1 A Naval Career during the Old War. was strongly suspected to have been a foi'ged will, and his friends advised him to have recourse to law. He declined, merely saying to his son, '' Well, boy, you must work the harder for it. Perhaps it will be all the better for you." Captain IVfarkham's means were very narrow, but he was resolved that his son Billy, tlie heir at least to an ancient and honourable lineage, shoidd have the best ecUication that F]ngland could supply. He should have the opi)ortunity of restoi'ing the fortunes of the ol'i family. So with an income of about 100/. a year, the major and his little sons came up to London, and took lodgings in Vine Street, on the south side of St. John's Churchyard, at the back of Westminster Abbey. Vino Street was named from the vincyurds within the Mill Ditch, which in ancient times belonged to the palace of Westminster. It ran into Millbank, and Strype, in 1720, described it as "a pretty handsome open place." Millbank then extended alojig the margin of the Thames from Old Palace Yard to the house and gardens of the Earl of Peterborough, near the site of the present penitentiary. In 1728 St. John's Church was built, with those surprising pepper-pot belfries au the four angles, by an absurd architect named Archer ; and Vine Street then formed the southern side of St. John's Churchyard.^ Major Mark- ham (he had attained that rank in 1 733) had a neigh- bour in the same street, in the person of the Rev. Charles Churchill, lecturer in St. John's Church, and also Rector of Rainham, in Essex. Here, in Vine Street, young Charles,'' the future poet, Avas born in III ' Till' liiHiscs rmnid tlic clmrcli witc Imilt in 1728, ami ciiMimI Sniitli K(|niii'c. ' J,iki' ynim^' MMrl l)ei,'an sdiool life at eight, in 17.39, hut at sevcMiteen he fell in Idve with a young lady, and was married in the Fleet. So he had to leave sehool, tiKjk orders in 1753, aJid was for some time his father's curate at Kainham. liut he was unliapjjy and discoiitentecl, and disputes with his wife led to total sei)aration in 17(il. In 175^, on liis fatliers death, he had heen elected lecturer and curate of >St. J(jhn's hy the parishioners, where, as he says, — " Sleep at my bidding crept from pew to pew." His irregular hahits obliged him to resign, and he then adopted jMietry as a profession. He published the " Knsciad " in 1701, wliich was coui]iIetcly successful. His other ])oems fuliowiMl. The friend of AVilkes, he went to ]!onlogiie to see him, and ilied there on November 4th, 1704, aged only thirty-three. Walpole spoke of him as " a meteor that had shone for four yeaiv, and n(!ver so l)rightly as he might have ilonc." Ho was a constant play-goer. Mid fond of midnight orgies, bridiaiit, witty, generous; tiie srlididfi'llnw and friindof Lloyd, Cohnan, Thornton, L'uniljerland, t'owper, and W.uivn Hastings. ./ Naval Career duriiii^ the Old War. his quickness and intolligonco. liotli Dr. NicoU," the head-master, and Dr. Johnson," the under-master, were men of learning and discernment, and the poetCowper, who was at Westminster from 1741 to 17 M), borehigli testimony to the qualities of Dr. NicoU as a teacher. During the year previous to the boy's entry into col- lege, we get a glimpse at the life of father and son in Vine Street, from some of the major's old pocket-books that have been preserved. Here are carefully copied the letters from Dr. Nicoll, reporting the satisfactory pro^^ress and exemplary conduct of his son, with his grateful but stately replies ; here, too, are the receij)ts to cure Billy's ailments, and tlie bills lor his clothes, which were so hard to ])ay. The inmates of those humble lodgings formed a happy pair. The old officer was toiling all day, it is true, at his uiicoiigeuial copying work, but it w^as a labour of love. He was cheered by the appearance of his bright and clever boy at meal-times, iuid when they ])assed the evenings together and chairs were drawn to the fire, the lad " Joliii Nicoll WHS llio tioii of tlic K(.'v. Jnliii Xicoll iind Mary BiitliT liis wife, lie WHS lidiii at I'lrstoii ('a]ics, in Mdi-llianiptoiisliiic, ill 16S3, and ("iliuatcd at AVistmiiistcr Sdidol. \\ ' "01 lie went tu C'iirist Ciiurcli, and l)('('ann' liuad master of WcstniiiistiT in 17.'!."i, the year of youii^f Markiiani's cntiy. He lesij^'iicd in 17.'')3, licin;; appoinU'd ti Caiinii of C'lirisl (,'lniiili, wlicic lie died in ITtiT), aj,'cd isighty-two. lie was l)niied in Clnist Ciiniidi Catiu'ilral at (•xfoni. ' .Tamea Johnson, tiic son of a Ll(M-f,'yniaii, was liorn in 170(1, educated at "Westminster School, and elected to ('hrist C'hnnli, Oxford. He hecanie nnder-nia ter in 17.T.'? until 174S. ]n 17l.'5 lie was given the rectory of IJerkhanipstead. An accusation was hrou^dit against him, and his old schooll'cllow 'William Mniray (after- wards Earl of Mansfield), that he had drunk the health of the Pretender, lie was alily defende(l, in the House of Lords, hy his friend Dr. Drumniond, IJishoii of St. Asajih (afterwards Aichhishop of York), and ac(iiiitted. 1 >r. .lolmson hecanie llishop of Worce;;ter ill 17.')il, and died in 177 I. loi he W'l Ni ll( hi> rei so Admiral Markhaui s Fallicv. the was entranced by many an old cain[)!iiii^ninf^ story of distant lands. Day by day tlio fatlior's hopes were strengthened, and his confidence in the brilliant young scholar's future was increased. In .June, 17;M', William Markliani came out first in the challenges, and got head into college. Ue had then to leave his father's lodgings. The major could not, of course, sec so much of him; and when he was elected a student of Christ Church in 17:5S, after having been for a year captain of the school, the old soldier no longer felt any anxiety for his boy. He threw aside his drudgery of copying for solicitors, and resumed active service in the army. In 1742 ho was second major to Colonel Folliot, and in 17-50 major of Lascelles' Regiment. In 17-')'") lie was serving in Nova Scotia, and is said to have built the first house in Halifax. He acquired oOOv. acres of land in the province of New York, portion of a tract purchased from the original Indian proprietoi's. But he was not inclined to settle on his land. Ho longed to see his boy once more, who had become head-master of Westminster. So he embarked for Canada, with all his worldly goods, in Ajjril, 1756, and was shipwrecked on the island of Anticosti. At length ho Avas taken on board a merchant-ship bound for England, but was again doomed to disap[)ointment. He was taken prisoner by a French [)rivateer, and landed at Uochelle, whence he was sent inland to Niort, and detained there for upwards of a year. He was exchanged in 1757, and finally retired. Jn his own j)hrase he " was enabled to dedicate the renuiinder of his life to the pleasing enjoyment of solitude and the nnises." Among William Markham's schoolfellows at West- 8 A Naval Career during the Old War. minster was Thomas Sheridan, actor aiul writer, the author of the Life of Swift, and father of the Ijetter known Richard Brinsley Sheridan. Granville Leveaon Gower, the future Marquis of Stafford, and a prominent statesman in the days of Chatham and his son, was another schoolfellow. To these may be added Devisme, the diplomatist; Francklin, the editor of Sophocles; and Edmund Burton, the accom})lish('d classical scholar, and translator of the satires of Perseus. Richard Howe, the future Admiral Lord Howe, was also at AVestminstcr, and probably at this time, having been born in 1725; and Augustus Keppel, the future Admiral Lord Keppel, born in 1727. 'fhey were not in college, but must have been at school with AVilliam Mark ham. At Oxford William Markham continued to pursue his studies with unabated ardour, and was considered one of the best scholars of his time. He excelled in Latin versification. Several of his compositions were published in the " Carmina Quadragesimalia," " and some were afterwards collected and printed by tlu> late Archdeacon Wvangham. His elegant Latin ver- sion of Shakespeare's " Seven Ages of Man " was much a'niied," and his "Judicium Paridis " was highly esteemed by conn)etent judges. ' Friends with classical tastes, such as Mr. Hewett, of Shireoaks,^ " The first voluino of tlif "Caimina Qunflrngcsiinaliii," by students of (Jlirist Church, war. jirintod in 17L'.3. Tlic second vohiinu ajiiiennMl in 1748, and contained twenty-llnue jiieccs hy AVilliaiu .Mari. L77. ' Archdi'dcoii liolicrt Murhluim lu llm AirliiiKliup aj York (hi.s father), (_)etobor 3rd, 1795 :— " I slept at 8hire Oaks last night, and before Mipjif r read over on s a si,>- .Mr. Tlie Vvix Adviiral Markhain s Father. 9 and tliclato Mr. Fortl, the Bampton lecturer,' clierislied many of Ins best compositions anioii^^ their most valued treasures. But the author himself produced them with sucli facility that ho never thought them of any value. William Markham graduated M.A. in 17J-"), and proceeded U.C.L. in 1752. After taking his degree he continued to reside at Oxford, undecided what career he should follow, while the bent of liis genius inclined him to his father's profession. He visited France and Italy during this time, going over those classic spots on which he had often dwelt in spirit, with intense interest Jind pleasure, and he extended one of his journeys as far as Venice. In the year 175:3 his future was decided. He was offered the distinguished post of head-master of Westminster School, succeeding his own old nmster, Dr. Is'icoll. After some hesitation he was induced to accept this responsible position. He was then ordained, and became chaplain to George II. For the eleven following years, from 1753 to 17G4, he was head-nuvster, residing in the house in Dean's Yard, attei ling to his duties, cultivating the society of several of your Clii'ist Clmrch i.-'uluctions, which JFr. Ilewett hiis jircscvvcd, ami sets a f^'icat value Uj on 1 have copieil one which um may very jirdhalily have forgoti".i, ami I therefore send it, tliiiikiiij; it may call liack .'iome jiieasing recollections to j-oiir miml.' John Thornaugli, Esq., of Osberton, assumed the name of Ilewett, on siKTceding to the estate of 8hire Oaks, near AVorksoj). He married a sister of Kir (Jeorgc; Kaville, and his daughter and co-heiress marrii'd iMr. F. Foljamlie of Aldwark, who thus hecame owner of (.)sherton. The great-grandt-on of this Mr. and Mrs. Foijamhe is the present Francis Foijamhe, Esii,, M.]\, of Oslierton and Aldwark. •^ The Jvev. Thomas Ford, Vicar of Melton Mowhray, and Hampton lecturer, uncle of Mr. Kichard Ford, the author of the " Ilaudhook of Spain." A copy of the Archbishop's Latin version of the " Seven Ages of Man" was copied on the flydeafof the edition of Shakespearu which was for many years his compatiion. lO ^1 Naval Career diiriiic the Old War. literary iiioii aiid artists, and encoiira'), and 1769. In October, 17G0, Dr. .Mari Dr. Markham used all the interest he ])Ossessed to obtain the consulship at ^Madrid for his young friend. There is a letter to the Duchess of Queensberry, dated this year, asking her assistance with jVIr. Pitt, in which Dr. Markham speaks of Burke in the strongest terms of affection and esteem. But the appointment was not obtained. Burke became secretary to single-speech Hamilton, and soon afterwards began his Parliamentary career. William Burke, the 1 iture statesman's kins- man, was also on terms of affectionate intimacv with Dr. Markham,* who tlius wrote to him in 17G5, when Ned (as Edmund Burk" was called by his nearest friends) first entered public life as private secretary to Lord Rockingham, and member for Wendover: — " T should be grieved to hear Ned was ill at any time, and particularly at so critical a time as this. I think nmcli will depend on his outset ; I wish him to appear at once in some important question. If he has but that confidence in his strength which I have always had, he cannot fail of appearing with lustre. I am very glad to hear from you that he feels his own con- ' Letter from Captain ^laikham to his wife, datol February 2l.sl, ISOO, Caiitain "arkliaiii had seen tiic (>ri,L;iual manu.'icript. ' Referring to this affection, Edmund IJurke thu.s wrote to Dr. Jfarkiiani wiicn Bishop of Ciiester, in 1771: " William loved your Lordsiiip, and would liave died for you. I am thoroughly ))ersuaded he would. Ho had the most ardent afleetiou for you, anil the most unbounded confidence in you." (" Corresjwndence of E. lUirke," vol. i. p. ;H8.) William IJurko was at "Westminster. He was Undersecretary of State in 170.") and M'^^, Comniis.sary-tieneral of the Forces in India in 1782, and niucli vahied l>y Lord Cornwallis. He canic home iu 170;!, and died in 1798. ' . 13 A Naval Career during the Old War. sequonco, as well as tho crisis of his situation. Ho is now on tho ground on which 1 have bo(!n so many years wishing to see him." " Ahis ! that in tho tinu' to conic those foohngs shouhl liavo boon altered. In 1770 Dr. Markham's pohtical opinions certainly coin- cided witli those of Edmund Burke. Both were su])- porters of Lord Rockingham. But in 1771 Dr. JMai-k- luim first felt bound to censure parts of his friend's conduct. Burke already held a prominent ])osition in Parliament, but he could not reconcile himself to the loss of Markham's good opinion, and ho wrote an ex- planation and defence of himself which covers sixty- two printed pages.* The old friendship was again renewed, and on this occasion it must be confessed that the censure appears to have been too violent, and strangely at variance with the writer's character, while the exculpation was respectful and dignified."^ But tho divergence of views increased ; and at last the trial of Warren Hastings brought to an end a friendly intimacy which had endured for thirty years. In the West- minster days, however, it was in all its early vigour and freshness. Another much younger man, who afterwards attained eminence, was, we know, indebted for many kindnesus to Dr. Markhara. George Can- ning has said io,^ but it is only tln-ongh some such " " liiirke CoirespoiidciK'e," vol. i. p. 92. Tlio letter is dated 20lh Dec, 17C5. ' Iliid., pp. 27C— .338. The attack appears mainly to have arisen from a beliot tliat J!ur\e was the author of " Junius." '■ In this defenee llurko alludes, with pleasure, to " innumeralile conversations that we have liad together for many j'ears." ^ Letter fram Mr. Canning, Avhen Prime ^Minister, to the j;(^v. ])avid F. Markhani, dated July 31st, 1827. It must have been one of the last letters Mr. f.'anning ever wroti;. In announcing Mi-. Mark- ham's nomination to a canonry ol AVimlsor, he adds: " It is a gieat satisfaction to me to make this eomnuinication to a grandson of the I Admiral Mark ham's father. 13 again clianco expression of gratitude that those instances are not lost, with many others. For the good head-master was one who did not lot his left hand know what his right hand did. The under-master was Pierson Lloyd, whoso son was tlie intimate friend of the poet Churchill, and the frieiul also of Colman, Thornton, and Cowper. It is likely, t iKMvforc, that Colman and Thornton, as young men of talent with literary pursuits, were among tho acquaintances of Dr. Markham. Among his pupils was Jeremy Bentham, who described his master in the following terms : — " Our great glory was Dr. Markham. Ho was a tall, ])ortly man, and high he held his head. He had a large amount of classical knowledge. His business was rather in courting tho great than in attending to tho school. Ho had a great deal of pomp, especially when he lifted his hand, waved it, and repeated Latin \erses. If tho boys performed their tasks well — it was well ; if ill — it was not the less well. Wo stood ])rodigiously in awe of him ; indeed, he was an object of adoration." ^ This is a schoolboy's caricature, but it is not an unkindly one, and it is worth recording. Dr. Markham's favourite pupils were Cyril Jackson,' lute Ardibishoi), to whom I am indebted for many kindnesses in yciii's MOW kmii; gone by." * Jeremy Benliiam, son of a solieitor in London, was born in 1748, and went to \V('slminst(!r Sehool in 175G. ITe avus there until 1761, wlicn lie went to (Jxford. In 1772 lie was called to the bar. Ho travelled from 1785 to 1788, and was some time in IJussia. His Works on i,rovernment and political economy were numerous. He died in 1832. ' Cyril Jackson's father was a surgeon at Stamford, where lie was born in 1743. He was sent to Westminster, and got head into eoUege in 1760. He was student of Christ Church in 1764; 8ub- I'reci'ptdr of the Princes, 1771 ; Canon of Christ Church, 1779 ; Dean, u // Ntii'ti/ Orrccr t/itn'm;^ the Oht 11 'm: iirtci'NViirds Dean of ('lirist ('hurcli, iind Archibald Macdoiiald," tlio fiituvci Chief Hai'on. Miistci* and pupils W(M'o wai'iidy attuclicd to each other, and friendships were then formed which lusted throuj^h life. In 1758 Dr. Markham presented the scenery for the Westniinstoi' Play, which was designed by Athenian Stuart, the anti(|uary. It lasted for fifty years, and when Dr. (Jarey presented a uow set in 1 808, the old designs were strictly adhered to.' Dr. Markham had the pleasure of welcoming his father back from his tedious detention in France in 1757, and of making the veteran's declining years comfortable and happy. The love and tlevotion lavished on the little Billy of the Vino Street days, were well repaid to the old major by the sight of his son in the position of trust and honour which ho had won by his conduct and abilities. On .Time J 6th, 1759, Dr. Markham was married at St. Mildred's Church, in Bread Street (City), to Sarah, 1783. IIo retircil in 1809, and diud in 1819. lie; refused two '■•i.slio])rics. Dr. Jackson was not only an afconipiished classical scholar, but also an able niathenmtician. His portrait in Christ Church Hall is by Owen. " Archibald Macilonald was a son of Sir Alex, ^facdonrtld, of >Slati', by a daughter of the Karl of Kyliuton. He was born after his father's death in 174G. He went from Westminster to ( )xford in 17G4, and was called to th(,' bar in 1770. In 1777 he married Lady Louisa (lower. In 1788 he was Attorney-General; Chief JJarun, 1 7913. He resigned in 1813. He died in 1826, aged seventy-nine, at lii.s liouse in Duke Street, Westminster. " Carey's scenery lasted until 18.58, wiien the present beautiful scene was designed by Mr. Cockerell. It is remarkabh- that Kdward Salter, as captain of the school, spoke the prologue describing the Markham scenery when it was iirst used in 17r)8, and Jiis son, also Edward Salter, spoke the prologue as captain when the scenery was last used in 1808. Admiral Murk/uvn's I'atlur. »5 liiliiild , iiiid .J (liiii,L,'li(('r of .Idlm (lotldard/ !i wealthy Mn!L,disli mcr- clmiit at Koltcrdiiiii. Tlio yoiiiif,' lady was twotity-onc,' liaviiit,' hcc'i born on Fol)riiary I4tli, I7;{H. Iltr Inishand was forty. Tlio tViiit of this union was thii'tccn chilch'cn, six sons and seven (hiughtcrs, boi'U between 17(i(> and I 7.S;}." Mrs. Markhani received the sntn of 10,()00/. from her father, the* rest of his great wealth going to lier only l)rother ; also John Goddard. Ho was settled at Woodloi'd Hall in Kssex, and died very rich in 1798 — a stilT, formal, cold-hearted man.' " .lolin ( liiililard, sdii of II(p1!;iii(1 (luddiiid, I'-sq,, liy liis wifi', S;iriili Wykc, was liiini ul liiistol on .liiiii' Isl, Kj'JO. In 171 t Ik; hcUIi'iI at Kcitlcrtliiiii as ii nicirliaiit,. On Scjiliniilii'i' Ist, 17.'{H, \w niarricd Miss Mlizalii'tli Smith, at. J )()V('rc'iiirt, ui'ar llaiwiili. ISy licr ln' liad two (■liiiiiii'n, dolm and Sarah. His sister Ann nianicd Jsathaniid W'raxall, iif Mays(^ Hill, near lirislol, j,'randfatln'r of thtj tirst Kaioni't and nii'nidir-writcr. John (ioddard died in 171. ."). Kli/.abotti Catherine, born B Auj?., 17(!,j. (). David, born 1 Soptoniljer, 1700, (Ilapti/.u!] in Westinin.ster Aliliey.) 7. Uoliprt, born 28 Marcli, 170s. 8. Ost)orni', Ixirn 27 May, 1709. (Haptizcd at St. (ieorgeV, IlliKxiiBbury.) !l. Alicia Ilarriptto. l)oru 1,"> Fcl)., 1771. ,, „ „ In. (ioorKinn, linrn 23 Octiitirr, 1772. „ „ „ 11. Krodorica, born 23 l'"el)raary, 1771. ., >, » 12. Anno Kntliorine, born 25 May, 1778. ,, „ ,, 13. CJoeilin, born 9 February, 1783. ,, ,. ,, ' -Fohn (ioddavd (Jnnior), hy liis wife, llenrii'tta Afaria Hope, (lauj,'liter of Henry Hope of Uostoii (who was worth 000,000/.), liad lliree dan,i,diters, his co-hoiresses : — 1. Anne, niarricd her father's ('hief clerk, .John Williams, who took the surname and arms of Ho[ic in 1811. T'.ieir dan},diler, Harriet, in 1S18, married lienaud de (linkel, Sth Earl of Alhloni Her son, the hist Earl, died childless in 1813. i6 A iVaval Career during the Old War In 1705 Dr. Markliarn resi«^ncd his post as head- master of Westminster, on accepting the Deanery of Rochester;' and on October 23rd, 17G7, he became Dean of Christ Church, and presided for nearly ten vears over his old college.' He took a house in Bloomsbury Square in 1761). On January 26th, 1771, he was promoted to the See of Chester,* and on the following April 12th was selected for the very responsible post of preceptor to the young princes.* He chose his great friend and pupil, Dr. Cyril Jackson, to assist him as sub-preceptor. The Prince of Wales was not quite ten years old, and Prince Frederick a year younger. A volume of tlieir letters to the Bishop of Chester has been bound, and is still preserved." At Chester the Markhams strengthened an old friend- ^ sailor 5 2. Sarah, married .Ttiliu I^ingston, Es(j., of Sarsdcn, in Oxfonl- sliire, and, witli live dau^liters, lin names of liord Halifax, tlie poet Dryden, and others of his pupils are said to have been carved on the walls. Afterwards the place was neglected. In 1 7()(') the house was so decayed as to be wholly unfit for its in- tended rse, and was patclu'd up into small tenements for labouring people of the village. Hut it appears to have been rebuilt, or thoroughly repaired, between 1711 and 173.', for Dr. Frieiul resided at the Manor House, while he was head-master, within that period. Dr. NicoU was the last head-master who lived at the Manor House ; ^ for Dr, Markham a])pears to have rented the adjoining prebendal residence in the manor grounds from the Dean and Chapter, as his country- house. The first six years of the married life of Dr. and Mrs. Markham were passed between Dean's Yard and nai at ' r.Lshoi) Hiidu'l, in liis " l,ifc df AiTlil.islM>p Williums," p. 15. •' The Dlmii ami ('liaiitrr cnntiimril lo lie inianls nf tin' ( 'liiswiik Miiiiur, payiiij;' a vent (if 17/. 1"J>'. 'lil. to S|. " nl's, ami snlilettin.L; for .1 £uni of liU/., with lines on ivncwal. 'I'liis aiian;,'enient continueil until tlie estates of tlie Pcan ami Cliaptcr of St. I'aiil's weif taken ovevliytlie Eeelesiastieal ConunissioniTs in 1S(J0. '{'lie (,'oniniissioiiers piiivliasi'il tlie interest of the I), 'an ami t'liaplci' of W'estniinstri' in til. 'if nnexpii'i'd Irasc, an'l the interest, of the pnivhasp-nioni'v, now in th The p: irni ot lom/. i)f the I'oiins lij(^ KehDol's "Chiswick Knnil. state, aflef the house ceased to In was iIkmI for the lienelit of sehoiars wln'ii sirk, ami in al api nuitvun, am I th LMiiswiek Knml " is al ;o so I'lii iiwanees to a ployed. 'I'hr (,|,| Manor Ilons" was demolished tome years ago, and the site is Imili over with villas. lltU'll 17 IS .Hi'. ,:l ^ oiii 1 1- lien, oltel and fri'ii uas liVlM Inl-,, Vnik :;.«i 'S School Days. 21 Cliiswick. Dnriiit' term tinic tlipv lived in the official residence, while the holidiiys wei-e spent in the pleasant country retirement at Cliiswiek Their second child was born in Dean's Yard, on the l^Uh of June, 1701, and baptized in 8t. Mai'^'aivt's Church by Mr. Tiloyd, the under-master of Westminster, on July 7th. He receiveil the name ui John, after his uncle Mi'. Goddard. Tlie third son, Georo;o, was also born in Dean's Yard, on March olst, 170M, and ba[)tiz;ed at St. Marf^^arct's Clnirch on April 27th, by Mr. Lloyd.' John was always called Jack by Iiis family, and by his numerous intimate friends in altei'-life. The two next children wei-e girls, and both were born during- the holiday time at ( -liiswick. Henrietta Sarah first saw the light in the Whitsuntide holidays, on May ;JOth, 17(34, and was baptized in Chiswick Church on July 1st. The Bartlemytide holidays in- cluded the birthday of Elizabeth Catherine, Avhieh was on August 6th, 17()5, and on August JK)th she was baptized in Chiswick Church. When young Jack was only foiu' years old his father became Dean of Rochester, and the family ro- * Tho Ki'V. ricrsou Lloyd was uiulcr-iiinstci' of Westminster Scluml (luring nil till' tinio tliMt I)r. MiiikJunn was Jica'l-niastci', fmni 174!^ 1(1 1771. His life was cniliiltcivd liy tln_' extra vaL'ancc and liiiilligacy of his son, iJoliert Lloyd, wlio was an usher at Westminster. Vdung IJoyd was the sehooH'ellow and hosoni friend tif ( 'hnvchill the piiet. (living' U]! his ]iosition as usher, he atleniiiled to live hy his pen, always in tluj soeiety of Thornton, Colnian, and Churehill, who iiften assisted him. His magazine failed, he was arresttd fur dehl, and imjirisoned in the Fleet. 'rh(t(! lie died in 17;")!, i'oUowing his friend Churehill after a few days, and ('hurehiU's sister, t( m h< was vw< •d, die(l tlii! same year. The broken-heaited old lather .f his life, l)v. :\Iarklan 1, wlio never lived on. Towards the eh fcirgiil an nld friend, gdt him made a I'lvbendary and Chancellor of York, lie died in 17S1. 22 -I jVatur/ Career durnio; the Old War. moved there in tlio autumn of 1705. In Docombcr all the children had the measles at Rochester,'' and early in 17G() they were in a furnished house in Pall Mall. At this time another son was born, on September 1st, 1 ZnC), and baptized on the 2;?rd in Westminster Abbey. He received the name of David, after his fathei-'s fi-iend. Lord Stormont, who Avas his godfather. Dr. Markham became Dean of Christ Church in 1767, and in 1 76i) he look a house in Bloomsbury Sfjuare." It was in 17()9,when his father was Dean of C'lirist Church, that young Jack Markham Avas sent to West- minster School. He was only eight years old. His brother William had preceded him there by one year. Dr. Sanmel Smith ' was head-master when Jack was at school, but with him so young a boy would have had little to do. The ushers were the exemplary Gerrard Andrewes, afterwards Dean of Canterbury and Rector of St. James's, Piccadilly; iMr. Gi-ant, a writer of rather broad epigrams, who kept a boarding-house in Little Dean's Yard, which has gone by his name ever since, even to this day ; and Samuel Hayes, who Avas known among the boys as *• Botch " Hayes. Ibit the most distinguished teacher was Dr. Vincent, first as usher and afterwards as under-master. The son of a London merchant, AVil- ' " I'urku's CoiTospdiuloncc," vol. i. ]>. 93. ''' Till' next son, li'olii'it, wa.s Imrn ut Oxfoi'il. All tlio vdiin.u'i'r (.'liililivii were liorn in IJloonisbiiry Siiuarc, and liajilizud at St. Clcoiyc's Cliurch, B]ooni.sl)ury. ' Samuel Smith, tlio son of a fatlior with the saiiii' namos, waslmni in Wt'stminstin' in 17.'il$. lie was i-dncatiMl at "Wcstniinslcr Siliool, and elected IVoni thence to Caniltiid^'e in IT")!). IIi; succeeded I'r. Maikhani as head-master, and held the a])]iiiintiiient for iweiits ■four years. Kesi;4ning in 178S he was aiipointed a I'reheudary of Wust- niinster, and died there in 180H. was Til.! lislie, ■I i ibcr all (1 early 11 Mali. )('!• 1st, Abbey. i friend, arkluuii 1 7G1) he : (Jhrist o West- d. His e year, ack Avas dd liavu :cinplary [jterbury . Grant, ) kept a licli lias :lay ; and ) boys as d teaclier vards as ant, Wil- Scliool Days. 23 liain Vineent Avas boi'ii in flu; city and was closely connected with Westminster as scholar, nshei', nnder- inastei", liead-niaster, and finally dean, Iron' bis seventh year to the day of bis deatb. Inspired with tbo spirit of irakluyt. Dr. Vincent loved to collect information from any sailor or traveller bo conld meet, and in tlioso days be was busily engajj^ed in tbo preparation of bis i'avi},Mtion of tiiu Ancient;; in the Indian dcian." This is one of the most inipoitant modi'rn ennlriljiitions to ■ nicieiil j,'eo(^rapliy. ' Hee (i( iil/i')iitiii'!< Mii;!. 24 yl iVava/ CiDccr ihirini^ the Old War. 1780, in the action with Ji(i Ki/nii»h('.. Home Popliiini, tho futiiro admiral and raarine surveyor, Avas more fortunate. While at Westminster he showed versatility and precocity of talent, and even Avent to Cambridge at a very early age, before he joined tho service. Among Jack's other schoolfellows there were several who attained distinction in after-life. Everai'd Home became a gi-eat i)hysician. Charles Abbot was here- after to be Speaker and Lord Colchester. Henry W. Agar was known afterwards as Tjord Clifden. (ieorge Barriiigton as Lord Barrington. Thomas Strange became Chief Justice of Madras ; James Affleck served in the American war and in Lidia, and died a general and a baronet ; Charles Hall was a future Dean of Christ Church ; Jimmy Dodd was many years usher at Westminster; Spencer Madan was a Canon of Lichfield and translator of (Irotius ; llobert flobart became fourth Eai'l of liuckinghamshire. Governor of Madras, and a colleague with his schoolfellow, both in the AcUlington and Grenville adminisi rations ; William Gartshore was afterwards his colleague at tho Ad- miralty. Eiehard Burke, born in 1759, the beloved and only child of the great orator, was another school- fellow. Among more intimate friends at school wei'c George Rice (afterwards Lord Dynevor), his future brother-in-law; Augustus Pechell, whose friendship also continued through life; Thomas Partington, his neighbour in the country in years to come, Avhen he was chairman of the Lewes Quarter Sessions ; and George Kelly, another intimate friend hereafter, when he was Canon Residentiary of York. There was no lack of rising ability among tlie Westminster boys of those days, who worked with young Jack Markham in the old dormitory of the monks, and played with him School Days. 25 i])li!iin, nioru satility ibridgo ;crvico. several Homo liere- nry W. (Jeorge Strange ; served general Dean of s usher anon of Hobai't ernor of botli ill William the Ad- beloved •r scliool- ool were is future ricndslii[) gton, liis Avlien lie Dus ; and ter, when e was no • boys ot" irkham in with him on the river, and in Tothill Fields. He was there foi- about six years, before entering that naval profession for whieh he had been destined. Wliile he was at school, his aged grandfather, ^lajor ^larkham, died in his eighty-sixth year, on the 27th of May, 1771. He had just lived to see his son, of whom lie was so proud and on whom he had lavished so nnich ])aternal cai'o and love, enthroned as Bishop of CMiestor. Dr. Markliam l)uried his father in the north cloister of Westminster Abbey, on the 1st of June, and the two elder boys who were at school, William and John, were at the funeral. The holidays, during the later years of John's school time, were passed at Chester, or in Bloomsbury S(iiiare at Christmas-time, and we learn from his letters when a ]nidshi])man who were the friends that tilled the boy's world in those early days. The favourite was Dr. Cyril Jackson, to whom he constantly sent messages. Next came Mr. Archibald Macdonald, the future Chief Baron, and the Miss Burns, Lady Skynner's sisters. Jiut his warmest expressions of affection were reserved for his brothers and sisters. George was just going into college at Westminster as he left ; David, liobert, and Osborae followed in succession. Of the girls, Harriet^ and Elizabeth" were near his own age; the rest quite little things. Frederica^ a baby, the two youngest not yet born.' " Kiss all the little ones for me a hundred times," is the boy's constant message. Mis. I. l\v. Mrs. Dnnictt. Tlic Ci>uiito.ss of ^raiisfiuM. Aiiiic, wliii ilinl uiiiiianicd ; ami Cutiliii, Mrs. ( lIKHlClUlllL ^/ Naval Career dnrini^ the Old War, (MIAlTKli 111. t TIIK I' lit ST (• UU I SKS. It was on the lltli of March, 1775, that John Markhain, at thoaj^c of tliirteen years and nine months, was appointed to IT. M.S. Jioinue!/, his first ship, niider Captiiin Klphinstone, fitting out at Dept ^»rd. He joined her at Spithead early in June, his dirk ' and outfit having been got at Portsmouth. On July lOth the Roiiniri/ sailed for St. John's, Newfoundland, and the Westminster boy had his first experience at sea. She remained on the Newfoundland coast for two months, arriving at Spithead again with a convoy in the middle of November. The young midshipman was then allowed to go home for a short holiday at Chester, to tell of all the wonders he had seen, and to report whether ho still liked the sea. On his way back tf' join the Uomnci/, ho was invited to pay a visit to his friends, the young princes, at the Queen's house.^ Writing to the boy's father on the IGth of December, the Prince of Wales said :'' " Dear AduUral Jack ' Xow at Miirliuul. 5 So called ill those (lays ; now liuckiiigliam I'alaco. (;e(iig(.' III. Iidiiglit it fidiii Sir Cliarlus Siicflielil in 1701, ami i^rttk'il il mi (,>uceii L'liarlottf. ' Li'tli'i- fi-diii liic I'riiifi' of Wak'.-s to JUr. Markliam, Ilishoi) of Chester, Dyiuni'icr lOlli, 1775. 1 ;< wen i; niak F for are of c mat M The "^ Uio '; iinti • ball J \ i a n >- II. A the son his tain Lor jnst idrc olfu . ri ,lld , ., Atl nrr ; \u i 1 The Firs/ Cruises. a; went liist 'IMiursdny. Wo may my to liiiii what Vir^nl iiiakos Apollo say to Ascaniiis : — "Millie iiipva virtiite imcr ; sic itiir Mil iisliii."^ l''iM('iulslii[)S fonuL'd l)y midshipnicn goin<^ to sua for tlic first time are generally enduring, because they ai'c associated with all the romaiice and freshness of early impressions. One of Jack Markham's mess- mates on l)oai'd the Jtimi),rij was young Edward Riou. They l)ecame great friends, and IMarkham introduced Uioiitohis family. Their friendship knew no chaufje until the gallant Riou won a glorious death at the hat tie of Copenhagen. Yomig Markham followed his captain when he got n new command. On Alarch 2()th, 177(j, he joined II. M.S. 7'r/-.s'r//,s", commissioned at Deptford by Captain the Honourable George Keith El[)hinstone, a youngei' son of Lord El[)hinstonc. He could not have begun his professional career under better auspices, for Cap- tain Elphinstone was the future distinguished Admiral Lord Keith. He was then a young post-captain, just twenty-eight, promoted the year before; but ho already had the name of a smart and accomplished olheer. I'he Perseus ^ anchored at Spithead on the 2nd of July, 177(>, and was ordered to proceed across the Atlantic to New York in charge of a convoy of eighteen sail of merchant-vessels. At that time the American colonists w^ro in open rebellion, and the ^ ulinuiil, lili. ix. 1. Oil. Drvilcn thus translali'.s the liiiu " Ailviuii'i', illiislrio\is youlli ! increase in fame, And wiili' fri.mi ca.sl U> wc.^t oxtenit lliy naiiif." ' The PrrKriis was cuinieicJ in 1776. 38 A Nava/ Career diirinir llic OUi War. oc'ciin was swariiiiiiji; with privalocrs. On .Inly 4th the rclu'l Coiij^rcs.^ issuolected by Captain Klphin- stonc from among the niid.shipiuen to take charge of the prize with four men, and he ])roudly assumed his first command. Next day there was a fresh gale, and the Perseus proceeded with the two prizes in company, sighting Sandy Hook on the 12th of October. On the IGth she went nj) to New York, where the fleet, under Vice-Admiral Howe, was at anchoi-, and young Markham, resigning his brief authority, rejoined his ship. Next day the boy was standing in the gangway when a boat came alongside, and a weather-beaten old soldier ollici'i' asked whether there was a mid- The I'irst Cruises. 39 ci'sfiis. fick .sliipiiiaii iiiiiiu'il Miii'kliiiiii 0:1 l)Uiir(l tlic / dill not rcuojjfiii/t' tho strnnm'cr iiiifil he Ciiiiic on deck, wlicn li(> t'oiintl that it was old Uncle Mnocli, liis fatlirr's hrotlicr. Knocli liad passed many ycai's in iictivc scrvif'c, with much gencrcnis aid tVom his ad hciMi a vohintccr in America, had hi'olhcr III raised the lll2th He<:;iment, or Jioyal Musketeers, of which he was a|)j)ointe(l Major-Commanchint, and was now Lieutenant-Colonel of the lOth. Ih' looked over his nepliew's kit, scMit his serviint io get a fresh supply of shirts, and took the boy on shore foi' a day or tw^o ti) the camj) on the White Plains. He then wrote home the following account: — " An oflicer who brought some recruits for the Kith from Pjiigland, told me there was a midshipman of my name in the Pri-Kcii.'^, wliich sliij) convoyed them to America. I was going upon outlying picket for twenty-four hours' duty when I received this informa- tion. Next day the feelings of my heart, as I a])[)roached the ship, you are more capable of forming an idea of than 1 of describing. When we came near, a bi'other officer ask(.'d if a Mr. Markiiam was on board, and the roply was in tho affirmative. AVe were soon in the ship. L'litil I got on board. Jack did not know me, I am so much altered. To my infinite joy, J find him nmch improved. He lay a night or two in tlie IGth camp. I was not fond of his makinj? a lonofer stay, as his shi[) was preparing for sea. His linen wanted washing, it was all dirty, mildewed, and totally I'otten. This I have learnt fi'om my servant ; and I shall write to Lieutenant Sykes, who is barrack- master at New York, that ray nephew John may be recruited wnth shirts. Captain Elphinstone told rae that the boy was always in tho tojjs, and that he had 30 A N'aviU Career diiriuQ the Old War. given liim commaiul of a boat to take possession of a Yankee privateer. I am flattered much by hearing cvervbody say he is a very finL> boy, and tbat he will turn out an exceeding clever fellow." I of il e will [Piigo 31. D.i, 31 CHAPTER TV. UNCLE ENOCH S STOliV. The course of events on shore during tlie nuturn and winter of 177G, cannot be described better tlian in the words of such an eye-witness as Colonel Enoch ]\Iark- hain. lie was an old gentleman with very decided ()])inions, and said what he thought, withovit much circumlocution. " I am much out in my judgment if Washington eats his Christmas dinner at the head of his army on NciV York Island. On the lltli of October General Howe marched, at ten o'clock at night, with about l;},000 men, but it was the 13th before he landed them on the continent at a place named (if I recollect right) White-stone, in West Chester County, near twelve miles from New York.' Since that, he has re-embarked liis troops and landed them in East Chester County ,- milking the best of his way to King's Bridge, near which place he has gained some advantageous ground wit!) small loss. Lieut. -Colonel iMusgrave of the lOth WHS wounded, and Captain Evelyn of the 4th is dead A' his wouncis ds ' At Frti^'.s I 'dint accoriliii},' to Jared >Siiai'ks. • At Pell's Point. ' This was William (ilanvill(! Evelyn, .son of Dr. W. Evelyn, tlie i'lsiii of Emlv. lie was the eldest son. His n(,'xt lirollier .Iulm s\io- A iVara/ Career duriiiQ- the Old War. " Tlic last of the German troops arrived hero this d.ny, the 22nd of October, and proceed up East River to join General Howe. On the 27th wo moved towards the rebels with a brigade of English, and one of Hessians. We gained something better than a mile of country, but retreated next day to our old ground. Lord Percy very pj'operly called it ' the little excursion.' " On the :50ch of October we embarked at Hell- gate, and after a passage of about thirty miles by water in flat-bottomed boats, we landed at New Rochelle, and immediately marched to join General Howe's array at the White Plains. Hei-e I learnt that Lient.-ColonelCarr of the 3oth was killed in forcing one of the rebel posts. He was a l)rother ensign of mine in the 2 tth Regiment. Not (luite a year ago he had a legacy of 40,000/. left him. On November 4th we marclied to Mile Square, where our brigade col- lected the winter forage round the country for the whole army. We brought in from seventy to eighty Avaggon-loads of hay each day, and sometimes wheat to make bread fi)r us. This business was attended Avith much fatigue. On November 14th we marched to Courtland Manor, near King's Bridge, and on the lOth the heights commanding Fort Washington were stormed by two brigades of Hessians and Waldeckers under the command of Lieut. -General Kniphausen, and carried. Two hours afterwards the garrison in Fort Washington, to the number of about 3000, surrendered to Kni[)hausen. The place was so strong that 500 gooil troops might have defended the fort and heights against as many thousands. The heights ceeilwl to \\'iittf)ii ill Smrcv, uikIlt llio rrcili'iick F.vplvn, Bait. will of tlif widow of Sir Uncle Enoch's Story. OJ idow of Sir aro as ditficiilt to climb as tlio Alps, with this differcnco, that they arc almost impervious Avith trees. Every ])rivato carried a fascine before him in one hand, while he climbed with the other. In some places only one man could get up at a time, who assisted the man in his rear with his vacant hand. The Hessians and Wuldeckcrs most deservedly received the highest applause for this action. The rebels did not suffer iiiueh. I went over the ground, and saw very few of their dead bodies. Long Island is entirely evacuated by the enemy. "Our brigade, on November 25th, marched and crossed the river near Fort Washington to Fort Lee, which the rebels had abandoned on the approach of liord Gornwallis, who had entered the Jerseys a few days before. AVe have been close on the heels of the I'cbels. They had only left Newark two hours before we entered the town. " On December 2nd r;ur brigade marched to Perth Aiiiboy, where the UJth now remain, the other part of the brigade having left on the ^th. General Grant signified to me, T was only to remain here two or three (lays, but I am left without orders. General Howe is advancing towards Philadelphia, and I have received intelligence that Lee has landed in the Jerseys with seven or eight thousand men, and that another rebel named Sullivan is at the head of three thousand, form- ing Lee's advanced guard. General Howe (Deconber 1 1th) is posted at Trenton, on the Delaware, Wash- ington fortifying himself witli the scattered remains of his army on the other side of the river. It would be dangerous for General IIowo to attempt to ford the I Delaware at this time of the yea'', vathout boats. Lord Howe and General Howe have published a proclama- I) 34 A A' aval Career durins; tJie Old I Id?' tion, nfforing free pardon to all persons on condition that Avitliiii sixty days from tlio 30tli of NovcnnbtT, tlicy will subscribe' tlio follo\viii<)' declaration:—'!, A.B., do promise and declare that I Avill remain in peaceable obedience to his Majesty, sind will not take up arms nor encourage others to take up arms in opposition to his Majesty, so help me God.' Kvei-y commandinG!' officer in every cantonment is to swear all those that come to him, and to give each a certificate. " Pcrih Aiii.htii/, Deccinher 14///, I77G. — I have in- finite trouble. From daylight to bed-time am I swearing them, and signi'. ■ their certificates. Any of them who I have bi^en toh have been active rebels T make swear the following oath of my own composition : — ' I, A.B., do most solenndy swear lo be true to our Sovereign Lord George III., l\ing of Great Britain, France, and Iioland, and to lay down my life and fortnne, if occasion requires, in defence of his crown and dignity, and in maintaining his right of sovereignty over all America, and to give all the aid in my power to suppress the present nnnatural rebellion, so help me God.' Many have taken this oath. 'Vhv rebel IjCO is a prisoner. Colonel llarcourt, of Burgoyne's light dragoons, was npon the scout with forty of his corps when he met a man whom he immediately charged with being a rebel, and in the service of Jjco as a spy. The fellow hesitated, but the colonel told him that if he did not tell him all he knew he would pnt him to death. He then acknowledged he u^as one of Lee's s|)ies, and that he had not long left him. Tiie colonel told him he must conduct him to Lee, and ho pointed out a house, which was at once surrounded. The colonel, with a subaltern and four men, entei'ed iind Uncle F.)wcli's Sfo7y. S('i/,o(l Tj(>p by tlip collar. His conipnninn firod at the siil)iilt('i'ii but missed, and in a Jiioniont that oflicei- shot liiin dead. Leu asked tlic colonel wlietlier lie would not allow liini to take liis liat, but the roi)ly was lie could wait for nothing, and ho dragp^cd him out. lice cried out, ' What, will you not allow me to take my hoi'sep' The colonel said he woidd find one soon for him, and they made him walk about a mile, or ratlier I'uii, when a horse Avas got, and he was taken to li(>ad- (juarters. Lee cx]n'essed great concern tliat Washing- Ion had not reduced New York to ashes before he left it. General Howh) refused to see him. " De('emh('i'\i\th.. — Major Cuyler' arrived here fi'om Kngland. Winter (quarters are fixed. Our army foi-ms a chain of about ninety miles in length from Foi't L(>e, where our brigade crossed, to Trenton, on the Delaware, which river I believe we shall not ci'oss until next campaign, as (leneral Howe is returning to New York. I understand we arc to winter at a small village near the Rariton lliver, and are to form a sort ol' advanced picket. There is mountainous ground very near this post, wliei'e the rebels are still in arms, and are expected to be troublesome during the winter.'' "A civil war is a dreadful thing; what with the devastation of the rebels, and that of the English and ITessian troops, every part of the country, where tlu; scene of action has been, looks deplorable. Furniture is broken to pieces ; good houses deserted and almost destroyed, others burnt ; cattle, horses, and poultry carried off ; and the old plundered of tlieir all. The * ('iiiiiclius C'uylcr was Ijdiii at .Vlliany, near New Ycirk, in 1711, and wa« colDncl of tlic dtMli, aftci\\ uds ^ciii'iai. He was crcaU'd a liaionet in IS14, and died in 1819. •' In tile lUM'tli part of New diTscy. I. u 36 A Naval Career dtiring the Old War. rebels overj'wlicro left their sick 'oeliiiul, and most of them have died for want of care. " SiHirMowii, IJemnher Mff, 1770. — I marched in here from Perth Araboy on the 18th instant, and under- stand it is our winter quarters, though Ave have received orders to hold ourselves in readiness to march at tlie shortest notice. This is a straggling village. Three of my companies are detached from the rest, one of them not less than two miles off. Captain Stanley, brother of Lord Derby, is (juartered here with part of his troop/ He is, I think, a well-informed young man, ajid one of the county members for Lancashire. My friend Marsh, of the 4Gth, has purchased the Lieut.- Colonelcy of the 40th, and is succeeded by Captain Ferguson of the 23rd Regiment, by character a very genteel man. Pray would it not be my interest to sell if I coidd get a good price, when the present rebellion is crushed ? I have not the most distant idea of taking the least step in the matter without your approbation, but it would be an object now in my old days to realize something. In May next I shall enter the fiftieth year of my age. The interest on the regulation price of 3500/. would produce but a small income, yet as I am philosopher enough to accommo- date my wants to it, 1 could contrive to live. " The PorseuH, I hear, has lately taken some prizes. Some time ago a valuable prize of hers was entirely lost upon the Jersey coast, the people saved. The last accounts of Jack were that he was perfectly well. " I am sorry to acquaint you that the greatest part of a brigade of Hessians were surrounded by the " The noiKmi'iiML' Thomiis Stanley, l.nrii in 17"».1. lie difil in 1779. 3t of d in ndor- eivcd b the Hireo ne of mloy, irt of man, Ky iieut.- iptain very :>st to resent listanfc Itliout o\v in I sliall on the , small ommo- prizes. mtirely . The 3rfeetly ist part by the ill 1779. NEW YORK [Page 37. Uncle E HOC lis Story. IK 37. ivhi'ls on Christinas Day.' They wore tho frontier part of our winter (piarters in tho Jerseys. Six (jcr- nian brass three-ponndors Fi'll into tho liands oF tho rol)ols on this occasion. About ."300 llossians retreated to W runsw ick. " On January 1st, 1777, an express arrived to nio at Sparkstown, confaininjij orders to inarch iuunodiately to join (jleneral Matthew, wlio commanded at Bruns- wick, and to leave only an officer and thirty men to l)rotect my uaggiigo uurnig niy aDsence. As it was late before tho order arrived, it was two o'clock in tho afternoon when I began my march. At this time there Avas a general thaw, and cold raw wind with sleet and rain. It was a very dark night, a;.d wo were up to our knees in mire, crossing waters and mill-dams, every now and then walking overshoots of ice; officers and men continually tumbling. I myself had I know not how many falls, every inoment exi)ecring to be attacked by tho rebels. I never Avas more fatigued. At last I could scarcely move. General Matthew' sent an officer to meet ine and show mo his (piarters, to whicli I was just able to come. The general asked me if wo were not in want of some refreshments. I then frankly told him we had neither food nor liquor, and he very politely said he would supply me with both, lie pressed mo to sup with him ; which I declined, as 1 wanted rest more than anything else. Exhausted as I Avas, though my spirits Avere good, I craAvled back to my (piarters, Avhero tho general sent me a large ' At Trenton, on tlio Delawniv. " Genoral Edwaid JIiittlicw,of Claiivillo, County Hants, coniniamli'tl tlip. Ciuards' Liii^adc in Anu'iica. Ho inanicd T.aily -laiu' V.iTlif, sister of tliP last Puke of Ancastcr, ami was nialcnial ^randfatiwr of yir riTcgrine MaitlanJ, wlio eoiunianded tlie (i nurds at Waterluo. 38 A Naval Cafirr r/nriiis^ llic Old War. pioco of roast beef, oiio ditto Ijoilcd, fi roast p^ooso, uihI adozoi) bottles of Miidcira, port, and riiin. This was a ])ro(li^rious relief to us. 1 got to bed about twelve o'clock, but too tired to sleep. At about ouo o'clock the general called upon me to tell uie he had just re- ceived orders to march instantly to Brimswick, ami for this service I was to form the battalion as soon as ]iossible, and cross the bridge over the lliii'iton Rivei*, drawing up on the opposite side to cover it while the craiTion, stores, and baggage were e ^ed over. At about six in the morning we got 'unswick, the road being as bad as that over wiiich wo beforo marched. I was now as much dead as alive, llow- evei', my spirits did not fail ]ne. We occupied the lii'st houses at the e"d of tlie town where the eneujy were expected to attack, without taking off oui- accoutrements, until eight in tli(> morning. Loi-d Coni- wallis had marched from I'riueetown to Trenton, where he cut off many re])els and retook the place. While this was doing a part of the rebel army attacked our peo])le at J'rincetown, where three regiments wi'ri' left— the 17th, 40th, and r,5th. The 1 7tli inunortalized themselves on this occasion, ijehaving like heroes. Ahnost singly they charged the tirsi line of Washing- ion's army, and drove it back upon the second. IJut lliere l)eing a vast superiority to contend with as iv- gards numbers, they wxM-e obliged to retreat. On the i?rd we hail repeated accounts that Washington had not only taken Princetowu,ljut was in full march upon Hruuswiek. General j\latthew now determined to return to the llariton landing-place with everything valual)le, to [))'event the rebels destroying the bridge t lii'iv. We accordingly marched back to the bridge, one lialf on one side, the remainder on the other, f(jr its Uncle luioc/i's Story .i9 dcrcnco, never taking oil' oni- iiccoutrciuents tlmt niglit. '•On tho ;?r(l, liord Cornwiillis, ]i('iii'in oF I'rincotown, retnrned to it with liis whole foree, hnt found that the rebels Inid nhandoned it, upon whieh lu' instiintly inarched to JJrunswick, ari'iving at hivak of day on the 1th. I then received orders to retiu'ii to Sf)arkstown. Washinjjjton niarehed his army to Morristown and Sprinjjilield. At about tho time I arrived at Sparkstown, a i cport was spread that tho rc'bels hail some design upon Kli/.al)eth-town and Sparkstown. The whole regiment was jaded to death. Un))leasant this. Hefore day notice w.is brought to nie by a [)atr()l that he had heard some tiring towards Kli?ial)eth-town, about seven miles otT, I immediately jumped out of bed, and directed my drum to l)eat to arms, as nothing els(> could have i-(»used my men, they were so tired. Soon after this an ex})ress l)rouglit me positive orders to march im- mediately to Perth Aml)oy with all my baggage. At lietween six and seven the rebels firi'd at some of my men that Averi> (piailered at two mil 's' distance. I had before this appointed a sidjaltern's guard for the protection of my baggage. This duty unluckily leli upon the lieutenant of my com})any, which left it without an oiiicer, the ensign being sick at New Vork. I inmiediately directed my lieutenant, who was a volunteer on this occasion, to marcii with his guard, that was then formed, to the sj)ot where the tiring was, while 1 made all the haste I could to follow him with the battalion. The lieutenant caiiu' up with them, and tired ujjwards of twelve rounds, when the rebels, perceiving the battalion on its mai'cli, ran off as fast as they could. Had I ])ursue(l fhem, 1 slundd 40 A N'avo/ Career during the Old War. perhaps hovo given a good account of them, but the fear of losing my oaggage, and being under ])ositivc orders to march immediately to Perth Amboy, I did not consider ^t a sufficient object. 1 therefore con- tinued ray march. ]\Iy company lost a Avaggon loaded witli their baggage by neglecting to protect it, and suffering the Yankee driver, who, I suppose, through fright, drove it off — to fall into the hands of the rebels. They had small parties skulking about us. Nine of • them were killed in this affair, and our people saw them carry off three or four Avoimded. We had one killed and six men wounded, together with three sick men on the waggon that was taken, one of them in the height of small-pox. My lieutenant has lost all his baggage by this unlucky hit. I am the more concerned for his loss as ho is only a soldier of fortune, and therefore can ill afford it. I feel, I think, what I should do if I was rich. His loss is, I believe, about 120/. Did the king know it I am sure he is too good to let him be a suflferer. Lieutenant Cameron behaved incomparably well in this action. The enemy were supposed to be near 300 in number, which was stronge'- than the regiment. Upon the first alarm of ray people being attacked, I sent notice of it to Perth Ambo}' by a light horsen an, not knowing how numerous the emray might be, or what might be the result. At three miles' distance frgm S])arkstown I met part of the 33rd Regiment, with some volunteers from other corps, under the command of Jjieut.- Colonel Webster from Perth And)oy. "As it w.is possible that the rebels, whom we still believed to bo hovering about, nught enter 8])arks- town for the sake of plundei", when they saw us march clear off, 1 proposed to Lieut. -Colonel Webster (after Uncle Enoclis Story. 4> having directed my baggage to proceed) to marcli back, he entering Sparkstown at one end, while I en- tered at the other. My scheme was approved ; but on arriving there we were disappointed, as the rebels \.A taken a different route. We therefore marched to Perth Amboy that night without further accident. Our troops have also quittca Elizabeth -town, and marched on here. " The only posts we now possess in the Jerseys arc Fowler's Hook, Perth Amboy, Bordentown, Rariton landing-place, and Brunswick. Happy it had been if at first we had fixed on no other posts in this province. Before the line we had to defend was ninety miles long, and our small number of scattered troops formed too weak a chain. This post of Perth Amboy is far from l)eing a good one should Washington attack us. In that ca.,t; we must march out to meet him and draw up at a little distance from the town, with our left on the Rariton River. Thert ^s no market hero, and all we have to trust to is the king'ii allowance of })rovisions. Washington's success in the affair of the surprise of the Hessians has been the cause of this unhappy change in our affairs. It has recruited tlie re])el army, and gi\,ii them suffici'mt spirit to undertake a winter caj-ipaign. Our misfortune has been that we have held the enemy too cheap. Our liiunane treatment of the rebels has been thrown awiiy, for in general we find them destitute of gra- titude, morality, and sen'inient. They believe, for tlie most part, that the humanity we have shown tlu m arises from our fears. It is not uncommon for these wretches to come to us, take the oath of allegiaTice, and then return to tiie rebellious scoundrels with all the "ntelligence tliry cmu collect. 42 '/ Naval Career during the Old War. *' Vauf^han comTnands hero. TTo arnvod on tlie Htli from Elizabetli-towii. The rebels have sjiread them- selves in flying parties all over the country, so that we cannot go beyond our sentries with any degree of safety. There Ijeing a plentiful scarcity of everything here, it is with great difficulty I contrive to live. If it was not for my faithful old soldier-servant I should starve. He answers the character of Sterne's Corporal Trim in " Tristram Shandy." He is a charming figure for a porter at a great man's gate, or for a yeoman of the guard. Lee lias been sent to New York. Now he is a prisoner, I forget his faults and i)ity the man. How nuich it is to be regretiod that such fine talents as he j)ossesses shoidd have been prostituted for sucli vile piu'i)oses! "How provoking it is that om' arn)v, wlieu it entei'ed the Jerseys, was not provided with a single ptiutoon or boat, to enable us to cross the rivers when tli(3 enemy had broken down the bridges. Half a dozen might have been sent, for unless the object was Phila- «k'l.jhia, entering the Jerseys was absurd to the last (k'gi'ee. if we had had six flat-bottomed boats we could have crossed the Delaware without diflicidty. We nuist I'emove the seat of war from the Jersevs now, owing to scarcity of forage and provisions. The whole garrison are every morning under arms at five o'clock to be ready for the scoundrels. (January (ith, 1777.)" Colonel Enoch illustrated his letters with a very neatly-drawn niai) — for his brotluT took a keen interest in military ojierations — and pointed out the ei'rors of commanders, as well as the causes of th(>ir success, with singular critical ability. The JJishop of Chester had ii maleiiMl interest in the American colonies. lie had iidiei'ileil a ""rant of ■"ilMKi acri's in the New Uncle Enoclis Story. 43 York colony from his father, Major Markhara. This ho had been iiuhiced to increase, probably by the advice of and with a view to the benefit of his soldier-ljrother. At all events he added to his father's 5000 acres, a further grant of 15,000 acres, which he obtained on k\^v\\ 5th, 1774, in the names of himself and his brothers. Thus he now was proprietor of 20,000 acres of land in Tryon Count^v, New York, with little prospect of ever receivinq i,'«>::hing from it if the rebellion succeeded. 44 A Naval Career during the Old War. CHAPTER V. TJIE TKRILS OF A PRIZK-MASTER. While tlio uncle was engaged in this liariissing cani- l)aign on shore, the nephew was cliasing privateers, cruising in bad weather, and fast becoming a tliorongh seaman in an admirable school. The Per.tcii,!^ sailed from New York on the 24th of October, 1770, and captured a prize on the 7th of November, being a New England brig bound to Surinam. On the 11th, the frigate anchored off Sandy Hook, and sent the pinnace and long-boat away, manned and armed with a party of marines, to cut wood. ^Next day, during a gale of wind, t1ie prize was driven on shore up the liariton Kiver, and seized by the rebels on shore. Captain Elphinstone immediately sent the boats away manned and armed, and the prize was re-captured and burnt, as she could not be got off. The Perseus then went to sea, and, after a cruise in very rough weather, returned to New York on the 2(jth, with three more prizes in company. During the wiiuer of 1770-77 the Perseus, Pearl, Pocliiick, Caiiiilhi. and Falcon sloop, cruised in com- ])any along the coast of North America, capturing numerous prizes. But it was rough work. There wei-e constant gales of wind, and tlie jirovisions were abominable. In one day the Perseus had to condemn The Perils of a Prize- Master. 45 908 lbs. of bread, and 85 lbs. of butter, and throw it all overboard. In February, 1777, this small squadron proceeded to the West Indies. Young Markluim had been very happy in his first ship, having won the appro v.al and confidence of his captain, and made several lasting friendships among the officers. It had been a rougli school, but a pleasant one. His greatest friend was, strangf^ to say, the old carpenter, named Russell White. This worthy man was quite devoted to the ^ouugster. "He is a very honest, upright man," wrote the boy to his father, " and understands his business well. Ho took care of my things, and always expressed great regard for me, and during all the time he has behaved to me with the greatest friendship. If you can do anything for him, you will repay one to whom I owe many obliga- tions." Markham's time in the Perseus was drawing to a close. In the end of February there was another exciting chase, but this had long been almost an every- day occurrence. Soon the Pevseus overhauled her, and made her strike her colours, off" the island of St. Eustatia.' She turned out to be a privateer sloop of ten guns and eight swivels, with a crew of twenty- eight men, last from Tortola. Again young Markham was chosen, by the captain, to take charge of this important capture. He .vas only fifteen when he became prize-master of a sloop-of-war. Scarcely was he out of sight of the protecting Perseus when one of the enemy's cruisers gave chase, and ho crowded all sail. " I took care never to let them come near me," ' Tliis was the Dutch island takou liy Kodni'v in 17S1, wlien lu; coiiliscalcil all it coiitaiuiMl, on tlu' ;^'rouu(l that thu iiiluiltitants aidiMl and alicltcd the enuniy. For this charges were brou^dit against him, and liurkc contemplated impeaclunent. 46 A jYavai CaJrcr r/urini^ the Old J}'ar. lio report (>(1 wlicn lie ])rong1it. ]iis charge safely into English harbour at Antigua. It was at Antigua, in March, 1777, that he received the news of his father having become Arch])islio)) of York in the previous December. " You may be sure the news gave me great joy," he Avrot(>, " though T am sorry for Dr. Drummond's death, as I know he was a friend of yours." - The captain of the Pearl had died on the voyage down, and when Captain Kl|ihinston(i received the command of her, he took young Markham with him. There was ah'eady a rumour that Fi'ance was contemplating a declaration of war in support of the revolted colonies. " If tlici-e is a war," wrote the ])oy, " the J'fdrl is tlu^ best ship I could join, as she is the finest of her class in the whole navy, and will take any two o2-gun frigates the French have." The Vcari was ordered to proc(>od to the mouth of the Delaware, where Captain Kl[)hinstone was em- ployed during April making a survey of the bay Tor the use of his Majesty's shi]>s ; but in May he again returned to the ]*crxcii>i^ taking young Markham with him. ('ruising off the coast of the Carolinas, a, lai-ge rebel merchant-vessel was chased and brought-to on the 2 Ith of May. It was blowing hard at the time, and Markham was hurriedly ])ut on l)()ard with a piM/,(>- crew, and ordered to make the best of his way to an - Kolii'it Ilay Druiiniiciiul wns tlie iircdccussor nf Aicliliislmn Miirklmni. lie wms a linillicr of L from Spitliead occn]ne(l nine ])loa,sant weeks, and ono tremendous <;ale was cncount(M'ed, wlien the Itoi'hiirlr seudded under bare j)oles, anionsti'ous heavy sea follow- ing her, and going ten and a half knots. ^ She arrived suiely at New York in Septend)er, and Jack gave Iris letters of introduetion to Admiral Arbuthnot. " F am ii.' excellent health, and very ha])j)y on board," ho wrote Lome; "and we are quite ready for Count IJ'Kstaing if lie comes this way." At New Yoi-k he found his old ship the I'crtfeua, and was nnich pleased to greet all his messmates, and his special friend the carpenter. In the autumn of 1779, Admiral Arbuthnot and General Sir Henry Clinton, in spite of the French fleet iinder the Comte D'fjstaing being on the coast, resolved to undertake an expedition to South Carolina. The fleet, including the Rochnrk, with a convoy, left New York on tho 26th of December. They encountered very bad weather, and several vessels were lost during the passage. The objective point was Charleston, tho capital of South Carolina, a place strongly fortified, with a large gari-ison under the rebel Lincoln, and very ditficidt of access. The coast consists of low islands and swampy inlets, aTid a shallow bar ])i'otects the ertrance. In February, 1780, the arin}*^ landed at the mouth of the Edisto River, south of Charleston, with a naval brigade under Captain Elphinstone, of the f'erseu)^, who was of great assistance during the sit^ge, and especially in the passage of the Ashley River on 1h(> 20th of ]\rareh. 'I'he army reached the C'harleston '*' Ifpr best sailing trim was found to ln' wlion slio drow 10 fpi>t 3 inches aft and IS foct forward. lO rlr Y- '(1 lis III ho nt ho 0(1 ho 11(1 ?et e.l Mio ow •0(1 ing blio ed, ery ids the tlie li a the ■ on ton fo(>t [Page 51. A First Licnknant. 51 nock on tho 2n(l of April, iind broko ground within 8(M) yai'ds of the cnoniy's works. In a week guns wi'i'o mounted. Meunwhik! Adniind Arhuthnot hoisted his tliijr •)n board the /i^or/y/fc/; (44 guns), with the (Uilennination of crossing the bar. The three frigates, lioch\\ci\ liciioivn, and Itumulus, wore lightened of guns, provisions, and water, yet for a fortnight the sea was in such a state that they were unable to cross the bar. The enemy had a 41-gun ship, seven frigates with ."52 to IC) guns, and a French frigate of 20 guns, inside. On the 20th of March the three frigates crossed the bar without loss, and fou..a the enemy's vessels moored between Sullivan's Island and the Middle (iround, to rake the assailants as they approached Fort Moultrie. But they would not stand their ground, though so much superior in force. They ran uj) tho river to Charleston and were there sunk, a|){)arently wdth the object of blocking the passage. Admiral Arbuthnot, in the BuahiicJ,-, watched for a good opj)ortunity of wind and tide, and then passed Fort Moultrie, on Sullivan Island, under a heavy Hre, on the 9th of ^oril, losing tliiriy men killed and wounded. The rebel chief Lincoln still held out. The besiegers completed the second parallel on April 19th, and Lord Corn walHs took command of a detached force on Cooper's River to the north. The admiral theii landed his men on Sullivan Island, and prepared to assault Fort Moultrie, but the place Avas surrendered to him on the 7tli of ]May, Charleston was given up by Ijincoln on the 11th, with a garrison of nearly 7000 men, and soon afterwards Lord Cornwallis recovered the whole of South Carolina. The Peysem^ took home the news of the fall of Charleston, and the thanks of £ 2 52 A Naval Career dnrim the Old II ar. both Houses of Parliament were voted to Geneiul (■linton, A-dniiral Arbutlniot, and their officers, for their galhitit conduct. Tlie work executed by the Uovhach cahed for a display of good seamanship, gallantry, and endurance under the immediate eye of the admiral, and it was well done. On May 15th, four days after the place was taken, Markham wi-ote the good news hona; to his father, from (Huirleston Harbour " 1 have ihe happi- ness to congratulate you on t.ho success of the Hritit^h ai"ins in South Carolina." He received his promotion from Admiral Arbuthnot for his zeal and gallantry in the operations before ('harlestou, and became first lieuionant of the Boehiu.h. Writing on board her, off Ciiarleston Bay, on June 7th, he says, " lam now first lieutenant of the Roebuck, and have a great d(>al of busi- ness on my hands, not having half an hour in the day to myself. I am very happy. Captain Douglas is acting on board the ship in Sir Andrew Hamond's room. He was a lieutenant of the ship only three months ago, and he behaves exceeding well, and is much respected as post-captain. Sir Andrew was very kind to me. If he is in London, ])ray tell him that Captain Douglas keeps up the dignity of the old RochKck, for she was always a distinguished ship. We are now going to New York with a fi(.'et of transports and GOOO troops." After returning to New York, the Rochiich crniisfd off Rhode Island, watching the French fleet that had taken reiuge there, and occasionally anchoring at Martha's Vineyard, or in Gardiner'.^ Bay at the east end of Long Island. In October the Rucbnrk was at New York to refit, at the time when Rodney arriveil there, to the great 'annoyance of Admiral Arbuthnot. A First Lietitmant. 53 IVrarkliain, as first lieutenant, had the whole duty of tlic slii[) on his hands and was very seldom able to go on shore, but he called upon Sir George Rodney with a letter of introduction, and made his acquain- tance. Admiral Arbnthnot, soon after the action with the French squadron on March lOth, 1781, off Cape Henry, was superseded by Rear- Admiral Graves. The retiring commander-in-chief hoisted his flag on boai'd tijp Roehnck on July 5th, 1781, and returned to Eng- land, anchoring at Spithearl, on August 2nd. The old ship was paid off at Sheerness in 1782. But young Markhatn had not gone home in her. On the 14th of the {)r'>vious April he had taken command of the rebel prize frigate, Gonfedi-ranj, by order of Captain Douglas of the Rochin'k, proceeding in company with that sliip to ^'ew York. He had afterwards joined the lioi/al Odlc, and oeen in her at Halifax, Nova Scotia. On the 22nd of August, 1781, Admiral Graves selected him as first lieutenant of the IjOikIoii. (7-4), and he joined immediately. " The admiral took me on board at Sandy Hook on August 22n(l," he writes, " and we are ready for sea. It is just now our dinner-time, and 1 am going down with my messmates, who are very agreeable people, to a large piece of New York be;'f with a very god appetite." Tile state of affairs in America was very critical. The French, in conjunction with the rebels, had decided upon concentrating their whole forces by sea and land on the destruction of FiOrd Cornwallis in the south. General ('linton and Admiral (jlraves had no idea f)f the enemy's ])lan in the beginning of August, but Uodnev knew that De Grasse had sailed with his 54 '/ Naval Career during the Old War. whole fleet from the West Indies, and lie promptly sent his second in command, Sir Samuel Hood, to reinforce Graves. Hood arrived at Sandy Hook with fourteen sail of the line on the 28th of August, and the combined fleet of Graves and Hood now made up nineteen sail. But De Grasse, Avith a fleet of twenty- einfht sail of the line, had reached Lynnhaven, in Chesapeake Bay, on the 30th. The English fleet, with the flag of Admiral Graves flying on board the Lnndon, made sail for the south on August 31st, and sighted the enemy at anclior in Ciiesapeake Bay, from Cape Henry to the Middle Ground, on tlie 5th of Scpteml)er. The French fleet Aveighed, twenty-four sail of the line standing out in line of battle with a fresh breeze from the N.N.E., and four remaining inside, to hold the entrance of the James River. Admiral Groves hoisted the signal for line of battle ahead, at two cables' lengths, and soon afterwards closed to one cable. At 1 p.m. he made the signal for the rear division under Admiral Drake to make more sail. The enemy's van was now three miles off, standing to the east. The British van being too near a shoal, called the ]\Iiddle Ground, the signal was made to wear together, which brought the ships on the same tack with those of the enemy, and nearly parallel. The enemy approaching, Admiral Graves judged the moment for attack to have arrived at 4 p.m. He made the signal to bear away and engage. The Bi'itish van and centre then commenced the action, and tho headmost ships were engaged pretty close. Brt soon the French van bore away to enable the centre to support, and at 7.30 p.m. the firing ceased ou both sides. Admiral Graves intended to have renewed the nc* ion next day, but he found that at least si.\ of 4 First LietUenant. 55 K his slii[)s wore so severely injured us to he unable to keep the line. The Terrihfc whs in sncli a state that she had to be burnt and {Jjandoned. The Shreimhiu-ij had the captain and many men wounded, and the first lieutenant killed. The LomJon herself was a good deal cut about, which gave full em|)loyment to her first lieutenant during the night, and on the folk 'iiig days. The main and fore-masts were hit, standing and running rigging much cut uj), inner gauiinoning of the bowsprit shot through, sails much damaged, three guns dismounted, and two men killed and eighteen wounded. Altogether the English loss was 90 men killed and 240 wounded. The two fleets remained in presence of each other for five days, but the French would not come out, and Admii'al Graves returned to New York to refit, ari-iv- ing there on the 20th of September. Writing home on the 2()th, Markluim says, " In our late engagement 1 cannot pretend to sa^' where the fault was, but I am certain no signals were ever better adapted to our situation, or more clearly and distinctly made, than those by our adn>n'al. Added to the cpialificatiou of bravei-y, Admiral Graves is decisive, resolute, and never Avavering, too close to be pried into, but he has himself a pmetration which discovers uiost men at first view." He adds, "A particular exertion of zeal and activity ai-e recpiired to rescue Lord Cornwallis." During October he was excessively busy ; and on the 19th the fleet, having refitted, embarked Genei'al (Jlinton and 7000 men, and sailed for the (yhesajjeake. But it was too late. Gornwallis had surrendcMvd on the same day. The Frencli fleet, though su|ierioi-, declined to come out and fight, and there was nothing for it but to return to -New York. 56 A Naval Career during the Old War. Admiral Graves,' having given up the commaTid at New York to h'^ successor, Admiral Digby, sailed for Jamaica, on board the London, on November 2nd, 1781 ; and Sir Samuel Hood followed liim. The disaster inflicted by the French at Yorktown was fully avenged, a few months afterwards, by the glorious victory of Lord Rodney. ' He was created Lord Graves fur his sorviccs in Lord Howe's action of Juno 1st, 1794, and died in 1803. 57 CHAPTER VII. THE GORDON RTOTS. Soon after the siege of Charleston, Lieutenant Marklmni received news of the great (lunger to which his father and family had been exposed during the Anti-Catholic riots in June, 1780. A letter from the Archbishop to his son, furnishes a very graphic description of these disgraceful scenes. He must have received it at New York after his return from the south. " My dear Jack,— Our situation at home has been calamitous. I hope our danger is over. The same Avicked faction which has been so long active in con- triving the ruin of this country, has brought its designs to a dreadful explosion. The pretence has been repeal- ing part of a law made at the end of King William's reign against papists. It was thought a cruel Act at the tinte, carried by a faction with a small majority, and nnich against King William's opinion. This Bill was brought into the House of Commons by Sir George Saville, and into the House of Lords by Lord Rocking- ham. Itwas supported by the opposition in both Houses. 'Y\\vvo is an adventurer here who, to compliment his brother, was brouglit into rarliamcnt by Lord North, but soon took the line of the most violent opposition. 11 ('is without fortune, was always thought a madman. 58 A Naval Career duriuo the Old War but with great craft juid })Owors of niiscliii'f, liord (jcorgo (jionlon, once a lieutenant in tlio luivy. " lie, last year, inflamed the low fanatics in Scotland to commit outrages on the houses of papists, lie was not punished as he deserved, and he phiyed the same game here. He has been about it many months, but fatally was too much despised. By a wonderful activity among Dissenters and Methodists, and by the infusion of his emissaries among the clubs and ah.'houses all over London and its neighbourhood, he had persuaded his followers that the king was a papist, that the bishops Avere papists, and that both Houses of Parlia- ment were resolved to bring in ))opery. He had a petition signed by several thousands of the rabble, and by too many of the teachers anujng the Independents and Anabaptists. When it was to bo presented, ho assembled them in St. George's Fields, and marched tliem through the city with blue cockades and flags, to the number of 20,000. " 1 went early to the House that day, to attend a comndttee. I fell in with the procession at Cluu-ing Cross, was immediately insulted, and with difliculty got to the House by brisk driving, suffering only by handfuls of dirt. Many others tared nuich worse; Lord Mansfield Avould probably have been lost, if I with a few who followed me had not sprung through the mob to his rescue.' Both Houses were besieged by them, and, though some of the nulitary were at last sent for, the meuibers were forced to sneak homo by ' " Tlie Archbisliop of York, on hearing that Lord Maiistield \va.s in the liunds of tlie mob, ruslied (h)wn,stairs, thing liinisulf among tlic crowd, and carried oil' his friend in triuniiili." (" Waljuilr's lA'tlcis," vol. vii. {I. 384 ; " Walpoic's Labt Journals," vol. ii. p. 403 ; Jesse's "George III." vol. ii. p. -'GG.) The Gordon Riots. 59 a private ways, and in disguises. They that night burnt tlie Sardinian Ambassador's chai)el, and several otiiers in different quarters. This ])roduced a proehi- niation ; but the next day the rioters assembled, and ])rocccded to greater excesses : tliey pulled down the house of every magistrate \\\\o had acted against them. On Tuesday the Cth, I had intelligence that Lord Mansfield and I Averc to be the next victims.' 1 accpiainted him with it, but he could not be made to believe that men could be so wicked. lie said, ' What had you and T to do with the popery bill ? ' I told him it lay deejjer, and that he and I were marked }ncn ; that nothing was so easy as to make a mob iho instrument of private malice. I applied, however, for a guard, and at about nine forty men Avere sent, twenty for Lord Mansfield, and twenty for me, Avith a young ensign. If he could have been persuaded to take them into his house, Ave should both have been safe ; but those whom 1 found with him had given him an opinion that the intelligence might probably be lalse, and that his having soldiers might provoke an attack Avhich Avas not intended. Tl^y were accordingly marched as far off as Bloomsl)urv Church, to be there; in readiness; and some justices promised that they Avould be Avith us in a moment if necessary ; but Avhen they Avere Avanted, they Avere not to be found. They Avere most of them fi'ightened out of their Avits, as some of their houses had been alreatly burnt lor having acted. I must tell you, too, that a fatal error had prevailed among the military, that they could not '^ Tlii'ir liou.«L'.s wi'iu in lilounislmvy Square. This .s(|u;up was laiil imt by Thdiiias Wriotlicslcy, Earl of Stnitliaiiiiituii, fallifinf Lady Uu.ssdl. If WiUi fanliidiialilc from Popi-'s tiiiif. Lord Mauslitdd's lioui^c was at till' north corner of the east end. 6o A Naval Carver liiiriuir the Old II 'or in any way act witlioiit tlio orders of a civil iiiagislriito : which is the case when a great mob is assembled, but has not yet proceeded to acts of violence ; but when they have begun to commit felonies, every sulyect, and the military among the rest, are justified in common law in using all methods to prevent illegal acts. *' As to myself, the first step I took in the evening was to send away the young children. All went excejjt your mother and Harriet, who could not bo prevailed upon to leave me. T determined to defend my house, and had laid my plans.' I had provided some addi- tional arms ; the servants seemed hearty ; your uncle * and his man were with me ; two servants of the Chief Baron,' and some of the neighbours. In this situation we continued until half-past twelve, when the mob came with great shouts and flags. They stopped at my house to say that I was next, and that when they had done their business at the corner they should come to me. Oh, my dear Jack, I at that moment had many wishes that you Avere by my side. Lord and Lady Mansfield and the two Miss Murrays" had just time to get out of the house, and in a few minutes we heard the crash of demolition. The furniture was soon out of the windows, and an immense fire blazed at the corner of the square, into which we saw pictures, i * "Tlie Lord Chief Justice asked what his Grace the Avclibi.^hnp proposed to do. The answer was wortliy of a Briton, ' To defend myself and my family in my own house, while I have an arm to raise in their defence.' The reply was, ' 'Tis nobly said ; hut while an archliislio]), like a true church militant, is stronj,' enough to protect himself, a feebler and an older man must look up to the civil power f protection.' " (HoUiday's " Life of Mansfield.") * George Markham, an old retired naval olHcer. ' Sir John Skynurr. * Daughters <>f Lonl Mansticld's brother. Viscount Stormont. Tlw iiordon Riots. 6i hooks, liari)siclior(ls, mikI birtliday suits of tho ladies tlifowii indi.sciiiuimitt'ly. At this time our forty men liad come to my door. 1 tried to persuade the otiicer to net upon the authority oF an lionest constable whom I had in tho house. I offered to indeuiiiify him to any amount, but to no ])urpose. Between four and five another p:»rty arrived, and with them a magistrate, who ordered them to fire. Six or seven men were killed, and the mob in a great measure dispersed. 'IMie officer then, for what reason I do not know, thinking his business was over, marched away all tho soldiers. The mob returned in a quarter of an hour, and with fire-balls and tow set Lord Mansfield's house in a blaze, almost in an instant. By this time the mob was immense, the square full, partly with the thieves of the town, and partly with the spectators. Co!isider our situation at that moment, the soldiers gone, and the rioters enraged by what they had done. Consider the situation of your mother and sister, who heard them for many hours under the windows, swearing that though Lord Mansfield had escaped I should not. We saw a number of well-dressed men directing the mob, and heard the reports that were brotight in to us Ijy those who had mixed with the mob, that they said to them, ' You stay loo long here, you forget the ar-ch- bishop. Come, my lads, that one house more, and then to bed.' " Hearing all this, they thought of nothing but my safety. Your uncle joined witli them, ami they begged and prayed that I would go by the back door into Colonel Goldswortliy's/ and let the servants remove my papers, and most valuable furniture. ' Cnloiii'l I'liilip (!ol(ls\v(irtIiy nf tin; 1st Drayoniis, afterwards 62 A Naval Career diirins; the Old I Tar. *' I complied, btit tlic difHciilly was liow to iiimIco our escape. Tlio stable-y.anl was full of riot its, who had been drawn there by the body of a woman who was killed by the firing, and carried to the alehouse which opens into the yard. There was no way left but to l)ass thront^h the square. I accordingly covered 7ny ])urplecoat with your uncle's great coat, find took his hat, and, itching a favourable opportunity, when the most active of the rioters ran up to the first blaze of Lord Mansfield's house, walked o>it of Colonel (lolds- worthy's door, with yoiu* mother on one arm and Harriet on the other, to Mr. Wilmot's at the cornei", where the door was opened to receive us. The ('hief Baron's coacli soon came into Mr. Wilmot's stable- yard ; we three got in, and passed with quick driving to the Adelplii. In doing this we had various perils, particularly from a rascally liackney-coachmau, who called to the mob from his box, ' The Archbishop of York is in that coach with the blinds np ; he has another hat on, but I saw his face.' T'hey afterwards threatened Mr. Wilmot to have his house down for having harboured nw. '• When I got to the Adelplii, I soon received many invitations to go to houses both in town and country ; among the rest from Sir ( 'harles Gould, saying lie had a good apartment at the Horse Guards at our service, and that we could nowhere be safer.** Here then your Licnt.-riciicriil, Equerry to the King, and M.I', for Wilton. lie died Jiuumry 8th, LS'Jl. * .Sir Chiul(;s ( Jould was .liidge Ailvocate and Judge ^rarslml of {\w Forces, and so had apartniciits at the HoT-se Guards. He waskniglited in 1779, and eiralcd aliaroni'l in 1792. Tic married tlie hi'ircss of Sii W. Morgan, of Tredegar, and took tin- name of Mc^rgan, (lying in l^OC). His son, Sir Charles Morgan, was an olil si hoolfellow of Juek The Gordon Riots. ^>:> Ttiotlior and T am lodcrc.d, and sliall contiiuic to Ix? till wo ^o to Vorksliiro. "On the \w\\, day, Wodn(?sday tlu> 7tli, tlio riotors fi^rew jnore dariiin^ and oiitra<,'('oiis ; their first attack was n])on Ncnvj^-ate, the Kiiif^'s Honch, the Fleet Prison, (Merkeinvcll Bridewell, in wliieh they succeeded ; they were all burnt; and, streni^thoned by the number of desperate rnflians whom they h^t loo.-e, they made a re^uhir attack upon the JJank, and meant to this day duf^ out of tli(3 ruins of a house, wlioro they ran from thoniiUtiiry, altliough tlio liouso was burning. Ono had rufHes, with a largo diamond at his shirt breast, the other very well dressed, with a plan of London in hia pocket. It was publicly talked of at the Hague, Amsterdam, and Pai'is, that London would be in ashes on the 8th of Juiu\ It ought to be known in honour of the Due de Chartres" that, when a bet was offered in his company, he said, no one could bet upon such a subject who did not kiujw something al)out the busi- ness, and if he did know he was a villain, and ought not to be suffered in the company of gentletnen." This letter from his father, telling him of the immi- nent pei'il in which those who were nearest and deai'est to him had been, must have agitated the young lieu- tenant not a little. Soon, however, pleasanter news reached him. The family passed the following winter at Bath, and ho heard how much his sisters had been entertained by the various amusements of that fashion- able place. But in those days the fii-st-lieutenant of the Loiidnn, was so fully occupied that he had very little time to think of anything but the duti(;s of the ship. ° Tlio future l'liili]ipi) Egiililu. ^^^Pil^u fort lie Fn JFortfiojaWi Carhite Baj [Page 106. PUEBro _ ... ^ . RICO T( rtoCOy > - Maru AaUon, MartLnujueWi)' rafoo. W"^^ [Piige 05. 65 CHAPTER VIII. TiiK "7,i:hi;a" couirr-MAirriAL. The London, with ]\Iark]iaiu as fii'st lioutonant, arrived at Jamaica in December, 1781, and on the l^Uh of January, 1782, Vice- Admiral Sir Peter Parker ap- pointed liim lieutcn'int commandin*^ H.M.S. llinchin- hrolcc; Nelson's old ship.' His orders were to proceed to sea from Port Royal, and cruise off the east end of Jamaica to protect trade, putting frequently into Port Antonio for intelligence. He was instructed to return to Port Royal on the 28th of February. Having com- pleted this service, he was, a few days afterwards, on the iJUh of March, appointed commander of the fire- ship Volcano, Avith Mr. Laughlan Hunter as his lieu- tenant. Slio remained in harbour at Fort Royal. Meanwhile Sir George Rodney had arrived from England with twelve sail of the line, and formed a jmiction with Sir Samuel Hood at Barbadoes. On April 12th, 17S2, Rodney achieved his great victory over the C'ount De Grasse, which conclusively estab- lished British predominance in the West Indies, and led directly to peace between England and France. Peace ■ Ni'l.soii took cdiiunniKl of tlio lliiichliihrnki' in June, 1779, and wii.s in her at the atlUL^k oii tlio fort of >Sau .Iiiiiii do Xitaragua. l)i.s(>ns(! rc(hiced liis crt'W frmii 200 to 10 lucii, and lie \va.s liinisflf inxalidrd. 66 A Naval Career during the Old War. was pi'oclaimed in the following Septcmbor. Rut tlio Volcano does not appear in the list of frigates and smaller vessels attending on the fleet on that nieniorablo day. On May 9th, however, Commander Markham was appointed as " assisting captain " to the Fomiichthlr, flag-ship of Sir George Rodney ; and a Aveek afterwards, on May 2()th, he received the command of II. M. sloo]) '/iJird, withord'jrs to proceed to the Isle La Vache, on th'^ south side of San Domingo, to deliver desj)atches to Rear-Admiral Drake, and then to cruise ofl" Cape Tiburon. Thus it was that in the afternoon of the 22nd of May, the young commander found himself about five leagues N.P]. of Cape Tiburon, keeping a sharp look-out for a hostile sail. Although the fleet of De Grasse had been defeated and almost destroyed, there were still ph^nty of French vessels in the West Indian seas. At t p.m. a distant sail was sighted on the foutheru liorizon, at 5 she was reported to bo a brig with the French ensign and pendant. She bore up and sailed before the wind for about ten minutes, and then hauled her wind and lacked occasionally to get in shore. Finding that the Zahra was connng up very fast, and she being nearly becalmed, she got out her sweeps, and pulled in towards a schooner at anchor. At 5,45 the Zebra fired a four-pounder at her, of which she took no notice whatever. Coming up with her very fast, she hoisted an English jack at the fore, which the commander of the Zebra, and all the officers, bi'lieved to be a signal either to the schooner or to the shore. After five minutes, being then j)retty close, a six- pounder was fired at her, on which slie bore up for the Zebra, and it was seen that there were a large number t h ;n e( n nij I The ''Zebra " Court- Martial. 6; of French troops on board. TTcr former suspicions fondnct, an(l her present manoeuvre, which appeared to be an intenti.'n to rake the Zehra, determined Captain IMarkbam to give her a shot, followed by five more from the main deck. The captain, to disconcert what was beheved to be the Frenchman's plan, threw the ship in stays under the top-sails, and she got stern way just as the brig was moving under her counter, and fell on board lier. The j)eoplo fi'om all parts of the brig attempted to l)oard, but were opposed by tho seamen and marines of the Zebra. The marines sprang on the signal-lockers and hen-coops to fire, just as the brig hauled down her pendant. There was a great yelling and confusion, and a cry not to fire. Captain Markham instantly gave the order to cease firing, and enforced it ])y springing at the marines on the hen- coops, and pulling them down. Unfortunately some of the marines had fired, and six men were wounded. To the surprise of all on board the Zehra, tho brig turned out to be a flag of truce with prisoners bound for Port Royal. The cutter was hoisted out, the wounded were brought on boai'd and attended to, aiid the s\irgeon made his report. When young Afarkham heard the number of wounded, he clasped his hands, and was much affected. The French lieutenant in command, named Gaston, came on board the Zebi /, Aid said tho fault was entirely his, for not having hoisted the proper flags, and that he was very sorry for it. He added, shrugging his shoulders, that it was his destiny. He tluMi went down into the cabin and di-aidc a tumbler of wine and warer, taking Captain JMarkliam by the hand, and telling him that he was sure he was a man of humanity, a man of sensibility, and wished him good-night. F 2 68 A Naval Career during fhe Old \\\ir. Tlio two vossola then prococc"'o I on tlicir way to Port Jioynl. 'IMio inistiiki^ iiros(> eiitirc'ly, us tlio Frcncliniaii aoknowlodn^od, from Iiis not liaviiiti^ lioistcd tlio proper tlags ; and no blame could justly bo attached to the officers of the Zt'bm. The commander was, therefore, very much astonished when, on May 21-tli, 1 "82, lie received a copy of the order from Admiral Sir (j!eorg(> Rodney, to Sir Samuel Hood, " to assemble a court-martial to try Captain IMarkhani for firinjj^ into the Dcjidiirc, French brig of truce, as is sot foi-th in ]Monsieur Gaston's letter, who .as charofod with des- patches from Admiral le iM, npiis do Vaudreuil." Gaston's letter, after what he had said on board the Zchra, was still more astounding. " The king's brig D.JJance" ho wrote, " having on board tifly English pi'isonors to exchang(> for an equal number of French, was nndor Capo 'IMburon on May 2l2n(l. Jt was calm, anrn fon'inosl. Looking upon ourselves as sinking, wo tried to save ourselves by boai'ding, and at this moment of distress the barbarous Markham began lo Tht: " Zebra " Court-Marttal. 69 firo upon us with curronadt'S uud volleys of Tuusketiy ; while he feiistecl his eyes on the iuuoceiit victims whoiu his rage assiissiuated. We did. not doul)t he intended lO sink us, that no one might remain to claim justice against one who had violated everything that was saci'ed, and who had the baseness to encourage soldiers to cut the throats of defenceless men. Tliei'o is none of us that has not been cut or In'uised. The Kuglish captain told me he was sorry for the mistake. 1 shrugged my shoulders with contem])t and iiuligiui- tion. Signed, (jIaston (Lieut, de Vaisseaux)." On this portentous charge the young connnander of the Zchra was tried at Porl Uoyal. The court-martial consisted of — Kcai-Adiiiinil Sir Siiniuul Hood, Dart. (I'lr.-iiilciit). Ki'ai'-Adiiiiial Drake Cnrnriiodoro AilliTk.' Cajitaiu Taylor l{(,iiiiy. „ IJarbor. „ Cornish ,, 8iixtoii. Cui)laiii Caldwiill. ,, lialfour. ,, Tlioiniiiioii. Iii^'lis. „ Kcyiiiilds. ,, lion. \V. Cornwalli.-^. Tliunias Morgan (Jai/i/c-Adnic'tti). 'I'he court assemliled 011 the 'JSth id' Miiy, iiud flio witnesses for the prosecution consisted of the I'^rench- man and four Kuglish prisoners, who were on boai'd. 'IMio latter merely said that two or three shots wei-e fired, and that they ran below. The witnesses for the defence were the first lieutenant, nuxster, marine olficer (who took minutes iit (he time), and sui'geon of the Zebra. They clearly [jroved that the niistidce was due te, the Frenchman's suspicious comluct, and to his hoisting wrong colours, and t hat his statements were ^ I'licli' of lii.s old .srliooll'i.'Uow, danics AlUctk. The loinniodore wa.s criiiili'd a liaionuL lor Koduey'H aciiou. ^o A N'aval Career during; tJic Old IJ'iir. ftilsc. On the 29th the prisoner read his defence, in which he answered each of Gaston's statements i'roni the evidence of the Zebra^s officers, and proved that the Frenchman was alone to bhiine. " The sentence of tl\e conrt was that the charge had been proved in part, by the Zebra firing into tlie Dt'Jiance brig witli a tiag of truce. Captain John JMarkham is therefore adjudged to be dismissed from his Majesty's service, and he is hereby sentenced to be dismissed accordingly. But the court must add that several ])art8 of M. Gaston's narrative are by no means well founded, and that it contains harsh, indecent, and uid)ecoiuing expressions." The only way of accounting for this extraordinary sentence is by supposing that the court decided, as a matter of policy, that it was important to show the Fi'ench how serious an offence the firing at a flag of truce was considered. Writing to his father on June 14th, a fortnight afterwards, from Port Royal, Mark- ham said, " I cannot conceive that there can be the lensl doubt that I shall be reinstated, as Himn as the minutes of my court-martial are read. 1 believe that I was politically ti'ied and ('(iiidi'mned. The court, after having dismissed me, proceeded to reprobate I lie vile charge of the Freuchinan in n very strong and particular manner. Sir (leorge Jlodney desired me not to go to Kngland uidil I should know if nothing woidd turn to my ailvantage here. The propir ilag is a white flag, without ensign or pendant, and we suj)po8ed the jack at her fore was a signal to her consort." ' ■" In corisefjiU'Uce of iIh' Fri'iicli (lug 1m iiiy «liih', iiiul iliOkiilt to flistiiijjn.iii- The ''Zebra' Court-MaytiaL 7» liord Rodney (lie Wii>< raised to the peerage on Jiino I'JtJi) disapjiroved of the sentence. Writinj^ to tlio Admiralty on the 2ud of July, he reported that ho had reinstated (Ja})tain Markham provisionally, who was dismissed the sei'vico for firing on a flag of truce. " It appears to me," ho added, " that he offended through mistake, not design. A letter fi'om the Marfjuis do Vaudreuil disapproves of the way in which the Fi-encli lieutenant had written, and rcgi'ets that it should have been ])ushed to a court-martial." JMarkham went from the West Indies to Halifax, where he found his old captain, Sir Andrew Hamond. That officer, oil October 2Gth, 1782, wrote to him: " The sentence of the court-martial really appears to bo uncommonly severe. It seemed so, no doubt, to Ijord Rodney, which was the cause of his immediately I'ostoring you, therefore I trust you will find no difii- cidty in getting confirmed at home." He returned to England from Halifax, in a merchant-vessel, and went at once to his father's house in Bloomsbury Square. He had submitted a memorial to the King from Port Royal, which was referred to Lord Keppel,' and the reparation was prompt and complete. " Adiiiiraltii Miinite, 13//t Nooember, 1782. — His JMajesty, by his Order in Council dated the 4th of September last, having referred to this Board the memorial of Captain John Markham, late commander of the Zebra sloop, setting foith that in conse(pi(Mico of a cliarge exhibited against him, he was brought to a lluit llii.Tc was any gcuuial order to ac(iiiaiiil cominaiidcrs of tliis an'iiugj'iiiciit. AiToriliiii,' to Tiickor, in liis "Lifi; oi' Lmil 8t. ^'iIl<;^•Ilt " (vul. i. J), yii), it was nut niadi' until ITO.T. * First Lmil nf tlic Aihnirally ilurinj,' tiit' Coalition Ministry, Mar..li, 17SJ, to 1 tct. mljcr, 1783. 72 A Naval Career during the Old War. court-martial at Jumaica for firing into a Frcncli flag of triico, and dismissed from (he service, and lunnhly praying, for the reasons tlicrein given, to l)e restored to his rank in the navy : Resolved that it bo proposed to his Majesty, in consideration of what Admiral Lord Rodney has represented in his favour, and of the circumstances attending the same, that the mcnioria- list may be accordingly restored to the rank which ho held in the King's service immediately before his dis- mission," Not only Avas ho restored to his former rank, but Lord Kep])el promoted him to the rank of post-captain on January 3rd, 1783. On the same day he was placed on full pay by being appointed captain of ILM.S. Cari/sfort at Deptford.^ He Avas further completely rehabilitated by receiving his half-pay from June to November, the period he was out of the service. Ho remained in command of the Cari/sfort luitil January 14th, when he went on half-pay, and at length obtained a six-months' holiday with his relations. His age was now twenty-one years and a half. This affair shows tlie mischief of excessive sentences. If the prisoner had been reprimanded for his mistake, assuming that he was in fault, it would ])robably have done him some harm by i^etarding his })romotion, he would thus have received a sufficient punishment, and the object of the trial would have been secured. As it Avas, the trial did him an immense deal of gooii, and was the most fortunate thing that could have happened to him. The Westminster boy had made an excellent begin- ning in the navy. He had become a thorough sailor by incessant cru' 'o» y Built at Sheoruuss iii 17GG. The " Zebra " Court-Afnrtiai. n iind l)y coiniiiiUKlin^" prizes. IJo had learnt tlio duties and responsihilitios of an oflicer. Tlo had won tho esteem and re<>^ard of his captains. Elpliinstone, Hamond, and Doun^las, and of Adniii'als Arljiithiiot and Graves. Ho had specially distinguished himself at the siege of Charleston, and at the action in tho ( 'liesapeake, and he had formed many lasting friend- ships. During the time ho was on shore in 1783, he was generally at Bishopthorpe, learning to know his York- shin! home, and making tho acquaintance of the numerous friends and neighbours of his family. His youngest sister, Cecilia," Avas born on February 9th, 17815, and his youngest brother, Osborne, got head into college at Westminster in June. His eldest brother had gone out to India, some years before, as j)rivate secretary to Warren Hastings, ami in 17'!2 ho had become Resident at Benares. He was removed through the intrigues of Francis and his clicfue in ] 783, and returned home in November of that year. Replying, from Murshiddbad, to his brother's letter announcing his promotion in January, William sent warm congratulations, and added, " Perhaps, my dear Jack, you may sometimes be in want of a little cash, so 1 shall order my agents to pay you the interest of tho money I have i-emitted, or any part of it, on demand." His second bi'other, George, was at Christ Church, just about to take his degree, and enter holy orders. David, his thirtl brother, was in college at West- minster. He was now a lad of seventeen, remarkably britrht and clever. He had acted " Thais " in hhinuchus in 1781, and spoken the epilogue, and it was on tho occasion of his brother Jack's leaving Englaud in com- " Mrs. (!ix"li'iiou"h. 74 -"/ Naval Carar (hinno the Old War. miiiul of tlic Siilnni.i- in Jimc, 17M:?, tliat Ik* iuldi't'sscd liini a loiii; lettor in Latin verso : ' — " .Iiiliaiiiii Miirkliaiii Xiiviirnlii) Diiviil Markliaiii, IValrr aiiiii!itissinius, Saliitfia iiliiriiiiiiiii (licit. " " (^>uill tt! itcnuii O Fnitur palria ilisccdiTc siiasil l<,'nntiin ^'I'litii.s atcpU! ai'Vii aliciia iii'li'iitt'in '! J'!i|,'i)iic lu iu'((U('aiil ivtiiiere init ^'auiliii niiis .lucuiuli aiit caii JVatres, nuu.sUuvo soroi'us I Xiis aiitcm iiilciva, soHh fcrvdn; rt'iimto, Ai'iorra l»(irtua'rimu.s ; in riiia ti! fnistra iiuiui'iiniis tula ; QuiM|iu' ctiaiii navis, Ihivii iiuiu pnulciil uiuias Siilitcr lalii'iitis iinims, iv uiciitilms aiMit liilcgnim imi'stis. Tuni void ti'mi)us aiiiifinim t^iiis(iuc i'i'C(tnlatur cum lam fclicitcr lidias ]S'(il)i.scuiii ])la(!i(laa chicclia.s, iiiiiiii|ii:iin imrpuM'iM movctiii' viiy.i vac(!iiii« \ ili'ii, t'l umlini.scii.s (lilluinl.il ciliiis oilorcs : Allaiiiuti et ucwtris, lutci'in) t'd.'dcn! rcniiii, I 'at imtiini Hima tlntcs, ikmhic parvii llritauiu.s, J 'at mail) lUHcortiini, i;t fl!licl^s uliuri! cam|)().-i. V'isciii'ii (jiiiil iiK^iiiorcm vaiiis yciichtsa nii'lallis; C^'iiid (li)iiiiiii iniiiii liiiiuaiii'.s Carhdiiis in iisiis { Kt «i (iiiiis fnictus n';,'is niiiius u'qiia iii'j,'avit, 'Siitlicil in;;'ciiiiiiii aliiui', aiiis piudfiitia solli^i's. Adili! (|iiod I'X Ualis Idii^'c ri'i^'iipiiiljii.s ('nuI Has silii d(di';,'it LihcrtaH amva scilcs ; Kt vi'j,'t'ta.s iiuliil \alidii siili uorpiii'L' luciiti's. Ill viTd (|ii()(Uiii|iii' tcras sul) sidcri; j,'i'cs.siiiii Hoc sUidiip, Ikk; vntis, line tntn litlus aiiiorc I'njSLM^iiL'iv, L't litl(j piulatii in pccluio .suiva. Tvuii.-ilataui. l't David Marliliain, must loviiii; bidllu'i-, III .liilin M;irkiiaiii, naval cajitain, Hi'iids fhicrcsl ^'I'eulin^'. What lias pcrsuadi'd yon, *' limlliiT, again lo Kavr lliy iialivr land an ^"^Q V ^ \.^ y6 A Naval Career during the Did War. mighty Roiiic, or tlie sliorcs of luxurious Niiphjs, or Vi'suvius liiazin^ up from liis lowest depth, yet ilo not the wliili; tle,si)isu tlu^ eousts of thy rifh Lonilon, ami the peaceful country-houses on the hanks of liie Thames, For, however the milder air may clothe Howery fields, and make the hills fruitful with the rich olive, although tho vine l)ranch he hent with the i)urple clusters, and tho citron dilluse divine perfumes ; yot still even to us, hy an eternal treaty, naturo bestows her gifts ; nor is slie a niggard to the IJritons. She gives the sea full of fish, and the fields bounteous infertility. And what shall I say of tho earth's bowels, abundant with di He rent ores? What of the gift of coal, of utmcjst value for human use ? And if less complaisant she has denied her sonu; fruits, yet talent and skilful intelligence suffice. I'lace this, too, to her credit, that golden liberty, long an exile from Italian realms, has chost'u the.se English lands for lier home, and ha." nourished brave souls in her strong liody. And truly, under Avhatever star you fare, cherish still this English land in your good will, in your prayers, in your whole soul of love, and preserve her devoutly in a loyal heart ! CHAPTER TX. Tnn MEDTTERUANKAN IN TIMR OF PEACE. Aftkr tho American war there was a respite, and Kngland was allowed to enjoy the blesain«^s of peace for ten years. When Captain Markhani commissioned II. M.S. S])h!/n.r at (Chatham on the 19th of June, 178;}, ho had to look forward to a quiet service of three years in the Mediterranean — a great change from the atiiTing and exciting work of the first eight years of his naval experience. In November he arrived at Gibraltar, and put himself under the orders of ( .'om- niodore Sir John Lindsay,' who was then commander- in chief in the Mediterranean. Tho commodore sta- tioned tho Sj)hi/i'X at Gibraltar in the spring of 1781, for sei'vice of the garrison and protection of trade. Captain Markham had orders to render all possible ' Sir Jdlin Lindsay was a younger son of Sir Alexanuor Lindsay, Bart., of Kvclich (en. IVrtli), by tli(> llononralilo Amelia Murray, danglitcr of David, fiftli ViRcount Stonnmit ; so tliat lie was a nopiu'w of Lord Mansli(;Id, and a consin of tlic tiiird Karl of Jransficid, wiio married Caiitain Marivliam's sister. Sir Joliu wa.s kni^dited for liis jjallantry at the siej,'o of Havana, and beennio a rear-admiral in 1787. lie had |)rcviously eonnuanded tho East Indian .si|nailron, ami was created a K.l>. in 1771. lie died in 17H8, af,'ed fifty-one, and was buried in Westminster Ahliey. He married Mary, dau^diter of Sir William IMilner, IJart., of Nnnajipleton (co. York), in Septenilier, 1708, but had no children. Lady Lindsay died in 171)9 and was Imried wilii licr imsliand ir. the Abbey. 78 A Naval Career dtiring the Old I far. aasisfanco to Governor Elliot, to cruiso occasionally from the Rock to the Barbary Coast, and to supcr- intend the works at the naval hospital, store-lupuses, and wharf, in consonance with plans sent out by the Navy Board. His duties also occasionally took him to Malaga and other Spanish ports. In Juno lie was ordered to Naples, where he entered upon a continual ronnd of gaiety. " The honours and attentions paid to us by the King and Queen of Naples ^ were veiy pleasant, and their example was followed by the whole court. I dined witli the king three times, and breakfasted with him twice. His pleasures are very innocent — hunting, shooting, and sailing about the Bay of Naples. Ho is more liked, though less courted, than the queen, in whom, in fact, the whole authority is vested. I was di<*gusted in observing that she does not attempt to conceal the contemptuous opinion she entertains of the king's al)ilities." The Sphipix left Naples in a great hurry for Leghorn, on account of a letter Sir John Lindsay had received, announcing the serious illness of Lady Lindsay at Florence. But she was recovering when they arrived, and Captain Mnrkham had another very agreeable sojourn in the Tuscan capital. Here he received the news of the mari'iago of his eldest sister Harriet to Ewan Law, Esq., elder brother of the first Lord EUenborough.^ t Fcrdiiiiuiil I., youn^ar son nf King Cliarlijs III. of Simin. Ho r('if,'neil from I7r)9 to 182'), ri'tiiing to Sicily during tiio French occupation. IIi>< ]i\\H.f received orders to take home despatches from Governor Elliot;" but Captain Markham ])ut into Lisbon on his way, and society tliere decided that a very agreeable young lady at the Naval Hospital had souiething to do with it. The Lisbon gossips also said that the S\)li^j)uf. remained two days longer in the l^igus than there was any necessity for, and that the reason was clear to see. There was mutual esteem and regard, and the attrac- tion of very agreeable society, but nothing more. Miss Lucy Grosett, daughter of Walter Grosett, Esq., was married to Mr. de Kantzow, the Swedish Charge d'Affuires at Lisbon, m February, 1787, and botii husband and wife continued for years afterwards to correspond with their old and valued friend John Markham. On September 30th, 17'.»8, Mrs. do Kantzow Avrote to him, reminding him of their old friendship eleven years before, and assuring him that Orphmix . . L'OO iiion, ."^2 K^ms; Cii])t. C. Campljell. Kiiiijjhli(ir , 100 ,, lO , „ (Hwiiy. Thdix ... 240 „ 38 „ „ r.liiiikutt. • Gi'iii'ial Klliot, was (lovcnior of (Jiliraltiir from 177") to 1787, and from 177'J to 178.'{ was closoly invested liy tlie coiiiliiiujJ Fiemli and Siiaiiiards. On liis rcliiru to I'"iif^laiid lie wasereated Lord lleatlifield, liai'iin (liliraltar, in duly, 1787, and died in 1790. a 8a /i Nova/ Career dnrint;; the Old War. him IukI not diininishea.' The i^]>h]\)uv (1 at riyinouth on tho '20th of Sq)toinl)ei-, Jind lid otr Jit Woolwich on October 10th, 1780. her est coin for ivri'iYc was \v. 7 Tn 1809 Mrs. . li' Kaiitzow llK 1 luT fiiniily caiiii! li'-iiic fn'ii ,is1kiu, aiu I st^UU'd at r.atli, while luT husliaiul rcniaiiicd at his post living' ith Lnv \ StvaiiL'loMl. Li«nl St. Yiiicciit fiii'iul of till' Di^ Kantzows, ai Jiath, lK',L.';-;iii: fnnu Lislion hcv til show ihciu I ilso a ^'ivat il wrote to his sister Mrs. iticketts, at ^Ii'. lie Kaiilzow went iviiity. to Washintitoii as iiiiiiister, aiu 1 wiis a ft el wan Is (iraml Mart ilial (le la four a t Stoeliliolni. Mr.- anizow s >isler Hi liad, in 17^0, iiiarrn Miiii.ster at hisboii, aiu (I tlu! llnnuura 1 she died in 1781. hie, Ituliert Walpole, I'.ritisli CHAPTER X. HALF-PAY. Wiirx John Ararkhain ])iud off his first shi|) at'tcr a llirec years' commission in tlio M- literranean, lie was twonty-fivo, and had passed ten years at sea. In time of peace he could not expect another ship immediately, and in fact he was on shore for six years, until the breaking out of the great war. During this time lie was very happy with his family, I'enewing old ac- (juaintances, and forming new ones, and he made two prolonged tours abroad. The year 1787 is memorable for the opening of the trial of Warren Hastings in Westminster Hall. The iainily of the Archbishop naturally took the side of the Governor-General, from whom his eldest son had received so n ch kindness in India. William Markham had returned home in 1784, and had settled down as a country gentleman in Yorkshire, having purchased the estate of Becca from the See of York, also receiving leases, on a tenure of lives, of the estate of Osgodby, near Thirsk; of Rest Park, near Cawood ; and of Helmore, near Retford, in Nottinghamshire,' Becca, formerly called Beck-hey Grange, was one of the manors ' He i'cali/('(l •.'5,000/. m Tmliii, ami in a Icid-r l^> liis lirdlliui', ilati'il S('i,tciiiliLM' ITlli, 17S:5, lie Niiil, "1 sliall not lie asliaiiicd tu L'.\i)laiii til an l'>n,^lish Itiiusc nf Conmiuns how il was ina(l(>." 84 A A^aval Career duriiic the Old War. transferred to the See of York by Jaines T. in 1()2:», in cxt^liange for York IMac(> in liontlon, which ho wanted foi- liis favourite, Hnckinjj^hani. In i\[r. Mark- ham's time it was called Becca Iiods before the House of Commons, and during tlie long ti-ial. The intinnicy between Burke and the Archl)ishop's family, which liad existed over since the great orator first came to London as a very young man, now canu! to an end. He had received much kindness from the Archbishop, and his son Richard was at school with the JVIarkliams, while his kinsman William Burke continued on affectionate terms with the family. But the orator was too violent in his abuse of ^Ir. Hastintrs to make it possible for that great man's friends to liold further intercourse with him. On the su])ject of India his judgment was biassed by his passions. Before ho died, when softened and failing in health, iie was on this subject as violent as evei', and he declared that, if he was wrong, " it was no excuse at all to urge in his apology, that he had enthusiastic good intentions." Yet this was the only apology, and the true one. But even this is no excuse for the violence and indecency of his language. Burke nt length aroused the indignation of the kindly Archbishop himself. On one occasion, during the trial, a (piestion arose as to whether the Governor- General had accounted, among many lar;^^- «ums which were clearly proved to have been properly disbursed, for one of very trifling amount. The Archbishop rose, and with the honest hidignation he always felo when anything of a mean or oppressive character was in agitation, he said with consideral)lc warmth, " Tn my 86 rl Naval Canrr thiriiij^ (he Old War titno I liavc been n t'rpiit reader of aticiciit history J » and the pri'sciit coiivi'fsution iviiiiiids me of llic eiisc of C'ato (he Censor, one of the must honest and best men that the Honian lie|>nhlie prudueed. That •^nvat man, after havini^ tilled tlie first ofUces of the state with the hi<^hest reputation, was iin- e ^vas ii i|.eaehed fui'tv times, and hi! >eaclie( II. I was attaclu'd by a factions dema;^o;^Mie of the (hiy, rehitive to the item of an aeeonnt. When hist im- pei.ehed he was eighty years of a^e ; and he I'emin.K'd Ids |iei'seeutors tliat ai^eneration of men which liad not witnessed his services w-cre prosecutiii}^ hini for trifU's. AVhat is the case of Mr. Ifastings? No considera- tion for his hi<^h character, no consich'ration foi* his splendid services, for the esteem, h)ve, and veneration in which he was hehl by the millions he governed for so many years ! No ! my lords, he is treated, not as if he were a gentleman whoso case is before y.ni, but as if you were trying a horse-stealer." Yet, when liurke came to the adnnnisti'ation of lienares, and attempted to fix accusations against the (jlovernor-(jleneral, he spoke with consideration and even kindness of William ]\Iarkhain, who was the Resi- dent. In the heat of his passion, he put a check upon himself when speaking of the son of his old friend. This Benares charge was the one which was most com- pletely dis])roved. '!Mie whole case of the managers was vitiated by false calculatiotis, and by their having used gross instead of net receipts. Jhit this was in asid)- sc(iuent part of the ti'ial, and after Jack had gone to sea again. The great event in Westnnnster Hall was of course a matter of absorbing interest during the year 1787. At this time the Archbishop left the lio'r.' in \ E Ihxlf.Pixy. 87 Hlonmsbiiry Sfpiaro, so mcinoriiblo for tlio sceno of tlio Cordon I'iot, and lit'iiccforward, until his dcutli, liisj town ix'sidoncf was at No. 7)», South Andloy Street, close to Ilydc Park, and more conveniently situated for Westminster. South Aiidloy Sti'eet was l/ilt in \1'M). In I 7H,S (^iptain iMarkham's attention w;i diverted from the great trial, and other public >. .eats, by the necessity for partinjif with his brother David, when they had been but a few months together. After a brilliant career at Westminster, David wis elected to a student shij) at Christ Church, Oxford, l)y Dr. ('yril Jackson, in I7HJ'. But he only remained there about a year, sustaining his '-eputatioii as a promising classical scholar. 'IMie army had been selected as his profession, and his own inclination was to win distinc- tion in a military career. He became a lieutenant in tlic 7th Ki'giujentof Foot on May 1 1th, 1785, and a first lieutenant of tliv' 70th on January '2()th, 1 7,S8. Ho was now ordered to India, with the reinforcements that had been applied for by Lord Cornwallis, who Avas abo\it to open a campaign against Tippoo Sultan. The brothers jjarted on boartl the shij) in the Thames, but there was a last hurried note, written off Deal on April '1th, 1 788 : " j\ly dear Jack, — The captain talks of touching at ^Madeira, the Cape, and Johanna. My love to all, God bless you. The boat is going off." David also wrote to liis brother's great friend, Lortl Wycombe. " I have had a letter from David," ho says, " which I consider little less than a miracle." Lord WycomJje, who was a very dear and intimate friend of John ]\larkham, was the eldest son of tho first Manpiis of Lansdowne," by Lady Sophia Carteret, ' Willinin Kilzniiuirico I'ctty was tlic j,'vaiid.'27, at Jiolton ]'t'rcy ("liiiicli ; tlip .service lioiiij,' iH'rfoiiiiiil li\' liis liiiillii'i', ArclRlcacnii Kdlinl Markham. 90 A N aval Career durin: the Old liar. years before.* On the 1st of August they sailed from the Humber in the packet-shij) Mh-'Kim. Tlie Naze of Norway was sigliteJ on tlie 5t!i, and on the 7th they handed at Elsinore. Witli the assistance of Mr. Fenwick, the English consul, the tnivellers hired a four-in-hand coach and drove to Copenhagen, where they remained for three days, visiting all tlie sights of the Danish capital. Christian VII. then nominally ruled in Denmark, but nearly eighteen years had passed since his unfortunate wife, Caroline Matilda, had been first imprisoned at Ki'onsburg, and then banished to Zell. In 178-i her young son Frederick became Regent, and in 1781) he was making fruitless attempts to obtain the alliance of an English princess. lie afterwards became the determined ally of France. Hence the unwelcome visits of English fleets to Copeu- hauen in 1801 and 1807. The travellers ci'ossed over to Malmo, in Sweden, and drove in a hired cai-riage, with their servants, to Stockholm, where they remauied for a few days. In the previous year the King of Sweden, Gustavus III., had suffered disasters both on the side of Ilussia and Denmark. This king was besieged in Gottenburg by a Danish ai'my, owing his throne and reasonable terms of ])eace to the dijjlomatic skill and energy of Mr. Hugh EHiot, the British envoy. The ti-avellers were presented to Gustavus III., a man of talent, capacity, and resolution, but of most immoral cha- racter. He was a nephe^v, through his mother, of * Tlic (ilil (luck iit Hull wMs fdiiiiiMl in ITTT), tlu! ciilranco from it lii'iiig 1)11 llic sido 2, (-atharine II. dethroned her husband, I'eter III., and matle herself mistress of Russia. Prince Galitsin and Prince Sherbatof ' and ' A ilnniii'/ifi' is a lar;,'!' Moiiiy sli'd^'c, eiiliivly closed liki' u coacli, cm niiiiK-'i's — iiscil for lung jduntcys. " Tlic iiMial vcliicli' ior wiiittT travelling is [hn " hihitLit,'' upon in front lint c-lnscil aliovi', huliinil, ami at tlic siilcs. It is mnrh ligjitur than a " i/i'mnn.-r.'' ' llis liaughtiT, tlio Wautiful I'nnccss Slnrliatova, was maid ni honiinr \i< tiie I'nipn.-s, and ^^lls mixed nj) in an intrigue «itli 02 A Naval Career diirins; the Old War. their families entertained them with warm cordiality, and they were much interested in examining the archives in the Kremlin, under the guidance of Prince Sherbatof, looking over the early treaties between the Dukes of Muscovy and Queen Elizabeth, James I., and James II. Another friend Avas Prince Viazemsky, the Procureur-Geueral and higliest law officer of the crown, whom Captain Markham had known before in Florence, when he commanded the Si)hi/n,v. There were dinner-parties and balls every night, and they prolonged their visit into December. They left Moscow, in intense cold, on December 3rd, and reached Tula, an interesting town which was even then called the Birmingham of Russia. Besides the woollen and leather manufactories, there was an important govern- ment arms factory, which they visited. They then entered White Russia, and encountered some very rough, wild travelling until they reached Kiev, where they crossed the Dnieper on the ice. Passing through Poland they were in Berlin on January 20th, 1790, and Captain Markham arrived in England again at the end of his six months' leave of absence. He had had a most interesting tour with a very agreeable companion. In the following year the two friends made a plan for a tour in America, but something happened to prevent the project from being carried out. They, however, regularly corresponded, and their intimacy continued through life. Lord AV^ycombe consulted his friend, and sought his advice, on every important occasion. Muiuoiiof, oiii' (if C!illiariui''.s lovers. He iiiarruMl tlio princess, Init llif jealous cmpn'ss tuok licr rcvciigo liy scndini^' six men into tlicir lu'd-i'ooni at uiijlit, and lioj^'giiiL; Ikt in the presence of her husband. Cuntcru. Half-Pay. 93 During the winter of 1792, Captain Markham took an active part in the. management of the affairs of tlie Kaval Chib. Thin society was formed on February 4th,' 1705, by a number of captains in the navy, for the pui-pose of dining together on the first Tuesdays in the months between November and April. At first the dinners were at the Castk) Tavern in Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, the pLnce Avhere Sheridan fought and disarmed Mathews, his rival in Miss Linley's love. But the cookery was not approved, and in 17(J8 the club moved to the Shakespeare's Head Tavern ; '^ and a guinea annual subscription was established. In the following quarter of a centmy a surplus gradually accumulated, and on the 22nd of February, 1792, at a meeting when thirty-live members were present. Captain Markham, having previously made known his intention to bring forward a proposition for the disposal of the surplus money in hand, repd a pro- posal, which was seconded by his friend Ciptain Riou. It was that the surplus money should \m. funded, and the interest applied for a charitable purpose, namely, for the use of the widows and orphans of former members of the club. A Committee of Direction was nominated ai; a subsequent meeting in Mareh, with powers to invest the surplus money and apply it for the charitable purpose already specitied, making an annual report to the club." The sum of 1:300/. was then purchased in three per cent, consols, in the names of the trustees : Sir Peter Parker, Captain Markham, ' Tlie I'lub tliiicil at tlio Sluikespeivro's Head until ISOG, when it niovi'il to lliL' Crtiwii and Aiulidr until 182G, then to tin' V'wvu.w Cotrec House in (.'ovenl (ianl^'n, and in isr)0 to the Thatclied House in St. James's Street. It now meets at "Willis's Rooms. " The lirst eoiuniiltee consisted of the followiii'' (illicers: — jf 94 A Naval Career during the Old War. Captain Biickiier, and Mr. ITartwell, tlio secretary of tlio club. This useful measure lias been productive of much f^ood, and the Naval (;lub now has the interest of a capital amountino^ to 18,000/. for the annual relief of necessitous and worthy applicants. Although Lord Wycombe was nnablo to accompany him, Captain Markham did not give up his plan of visiting America. He Avas desirous of seeing Canada and the United States, and of enjoying the magnificent scenery, and he intended to combine business Avith pleasure, by inquiring after his father's grant of land in the State of New York. Major Markham, his grandfather, had obtained a grant of 5000 acres of the land purchased from the Indian proprietors, and the i\[ajor's sons, William and liinoch, had obtained a furtlier grant of 15,000 acres on April Otli, 177-t. Colonel Enoch Markham had now retired from active service to a small house in St. Mary's, Lambeth, and ho and the Archbishop signed a deed transferring their claim to Captain Markham, in June, 1792. He now proposed, in the course of his travels, to see whether it would be possible to realize anything from the grant. Captain Markham took a pass-^-^o on l)oard a ship called the Faronrifc, of 200 tons, bound for Quebec, and commanded by Captain Oliphant. He sailed from the Downs, with a companion named George ,' on Ailiiiiral Sir IVtcr I'arkcr, I'.art. KL'ai-Atliiil. Sii' .Iiilm.Icrvis, K.I! „ ,[(p1iii I>alryiiiiili:. „ K. lUaillnvaiU'. Captain Kingsuiil'. „ lUu^kncr. „ LutwiJj^'e. i ' The Miniaiiir is lust to us. Capt. Hon. G. Keith Eljjhiiislone. ,, llartwcll. „ Markliani. ,, Kiou. Conmianih r Sir 11. liurnml, lit. ,, Yi.scDunt (iarlies. Half-Pnv 95 Juno 14th, 1702, witli tlio full intention of scoinf]^ all there was to see, and enjoyinj:^ his holiday. On the 18th the Favourite anehored in Tor Bay. The two passengers landed at Brixham, and, without dreaming of a trespass, walked over Judge Buller's grounds at Churston Ferrers. Suddenly they were hailed out of a window of the house by a very savage woman, who ordered them to quit the premises directly. They Avere sorry to find afterwards, that this was Lady Buller, "so much celebrated for her affable aiul com-teous behaviour in the world." As that commodity was not kept for homo use, they hurried away as quickly as possible, and returned to Brixham." They sailed at 11 p.m., and had a very pleasant passage across the Atlantic. In those days the reckoning on board a merchant-vessel Avas very care- lessly kept. The mates often neglected to lieave the log for hours together, and in the mornings the slate was blank as often as not. So that there could be no dead-reckoning, of course there was no chronometer on board, and the position each day was a wild specu- lation. On seeing this, Captain IMarkham began to take lunar observations after they had been a week at sea, and continued them regularly during x\,n '-est of the voyage. On the 17th of July the ship wa."^ on the Newfoundland Bank, and they caught two dozen cod and a largo hallibut. On August 3rd they anchored in Gaspe Bay, with the island of Anticosti in sight from the hills, and on the l;Uh they arrived at Quebec. ^ Francis llullcr, the leariiod judge, iiiiil autlioi' of a faiiioiis work on trials at Misi I'liiis, was cruatcd a liaronut in IT'Jd. Hi.s wifu was Susannah, dauglitrr (jf Francis Yardc, F.s(|., and licircss of Cliurstoii l"\'rrur.s. Their grandson was tin: first Lord Churston. 96 A Naval Career during the Old War. Thoy found the W\ucheic, and received a very cordial welcome both from the otficers of the frigate and of the garrison. On tho 14th they dined witli the governor at Powel Place, three miles from the town, on the plains of Abraham ; there were dinners at the 7th mess, on board the U'inrhestr)', with tlie chief justice, anil other officials every evening ; and on the 20th the falls of Montmorency were visited. Every one was most civil and attentive, and on the 2:5rd the two travellers played in a cricket-match ^ on the heights of Abraham. On the 25th they set out for Montreal, where they had an introduction to a peltry mercliant named Fi'obisher, a clever, hard-headed Yorkshircman, a descendant of Sir Martin Frobisher. Thence they went to Niagara with a largo party organized by Major Littlehales, Here they remained during the whole of the 15th and IGth of September, enjoying the magnificent sight. They arrived at Kingston, on the northern shore of Lake Onta-io, on the 21st, and then had some very rough travelling. One night they were hospitably received in a miserable log-hut; just after they had passed the Mill Isles, and reached Glengarry County on the St. Lawrence, half-way be- tween Kingston and MoTitreal. After 1 745, and the overthrow at Culloden, there was a great dispersion of the Highland clans, espe- cially of tho Macdonalds of Keppoch and Terndriech, who were devoted to Prince Cliarles Edward. Many of them were befrionded, and furnished with tho means of emigrating, by that v>arm-hearted and muni- ficent Devonshire squire, Mr. Chichester of Arlington " The game of crioket in tin; last cuiitiiry was played with two stiiiiiiis. Tiif name iiiis licit luiuii lucl willi earlier than 1719. Half-Pay 97 Court, wlio liad inni-ficd n (laiif^ditci- of 'rriiidnCfli. Tier fiitlior was oxocutcMl for \\\yr\\ treason at Vwv- Hslc, and lior stcpniothoi- niai-ricd a clansman, Alex- ander ]\[acilonald of Aberlialdei", in (ileiitiari'v, as true a Highlander as ever wore a kilt, and, more- over, a shrewd man of business. Aberhalder emi- grated to Canada with over one hundred families, and established liimself in (Jlengarry count}', trusting that when Gaelic is forgotten in IJadenoch it will be spoken in all its purity in the new home of his race. Aberhalder had, by the beautifid widow of ]\[acdonald of 'Perndriech, a family of four sons and thi'ee daughters. One of them was named Chiclie- cr, in memory of the kiiulness of i\[r. Chichester of Arlington, to his parents. He was a very young lad when he received the two weary Englishmen, ('ajjtaiu John ^larkham and his com|)anion, in his rude log cabin. They were not only tired but unwell, and (leoi-ge hail a very serious illness. Nothing could exceed the kind- ness and attention of the voung Hiavi(l's diatli, a iiiiiiiaturL' cojiy of his portrait was imuli! for Captain Markliam l)y Griiiiajili, the miiiiaturi^ painter to tlic IMinco of AVah's. (uinialdi paintfil a niiniatiin' of tlic Arclihi.--luip at tln' same lime. Hoth are now at Morlaml. Other lOo ^1 iViival Career during the Old \\\xr. portrait, tlio lianilsonic faco of tlic yoinij.'^ tnaj(n' <^iviii<]f tlio iiiii)r('ssion of liigli iiitcllcctiial powci's, <,'r('at prowess and resolution, coinliincd with <,aMitl('iiesH and warmth of heart. It is two-thii'ds h'ti;j:th, in his unitV)rin with (h-awn swoi'd. Tiie captain's p(jrtraib is kit-cat si/,o.' They hun^ in the ai'ehl)ishop's houso in South Audley Street, and alter his death in tlio diinn<^-rootn at Beeea in Yorkshire, the seat of liis eldest son. Tn I7!>;5 Captain Markhani was one of the stewards of the Westminster school annivei sary, with his old school-l'ellow George Rice, his future brother- in-law." The conjunction of names foreshadowed a ha|)[)y event wliicli was to take place three yeai'S aftei-- wards. During this pviiod Captain Mai'kham was always invited to an annual dinner given to old AYest- niinsters by Lord Stormont." On May 2-), Captain ^larkhain's young niiuiiiturcs, i'nuii tlu! iiicturo of I)avi(l, were painted fui' li is brothers (tuoryu (now at ]^)i!ss(!ra fJn^'n), and OsliDinc (now lir (ii'(ir;;ina dictl at tlu' early iijjjc of t wciil y-niie, and was hm'icd iK'ar her t^fandi'atlicr in tlio nortli cloisti'i" of Westminster Abbey. In tlx' same year liis brotlicr David went out to .himaicii in command of the :2(lth Regiment, thongh lie was not gazetted as liientenant- Colonel nntil Marcli 'JDlii, 17'.)1.' The captain's own period of half-pay new drew to a close. It had been a ha[)py interval, (hiring which ho had formed many close ties of friendshii), and had nsernlly occupied his time. The long war began on the 1st of February, I7!);5, and there was an end of peace and (piiet for many years to come. All ollicers of experienci- and ability were recpiired for the service of their country. ' Wlicii 'Williiiin y (Iiisi:ivns lli.iniltiin, alti'iwaiils Visciiunl I'.'iyiic. 'J'lu' -JUlii was at tlic Kanics of llu! ISoyni' anil A.^lirini. an0 miles west of Ushant, and the French steered eastward for Brest in a very dilapidated con- dition. Meanwhile Admiral IMontagu was cruising to in- tercept a large French convoy from America, with orders to remain off Cape Ortegal until the 'JOtli, and then rejoin Lord Howe. His squadron accordingly arrived at Plymouth on j\[ay ;?Uth, and received orders to put to sea again immediately. The exact position of Lord Howe's fleet was not known, but Montagu was told to rendezvous off Brest. On June 4th he weighed with eight sail of the line, in- cluding two very slow sailers, the Giwqcx and Alcrandcr. He also had two frigates, and was joined by the Blonde ou the 5th, whicli ship iKuiceforward formed part of his squadron. OntheH'Lh the report of guns was heard in the norlh- east. At dawn next morning Captain jMai'kliam, who was ahead, made the signal that six sail of the enemy's fleet were in sight, and the admiral ordered lino to be formed in close order. Soon the whole French fleet came in sight, consisting of nineteen sail of the line and several frigates, with evident signs of rough treatment received from Lord Howe. They were in very close order, and five dismasted ships were in tow. Villarot-Joyeuso was standing in for the land, and Ushant was in sight. On the iOth they made sail, and gave chase to Admiral Montagu's scpiadron. Under IIoivc and ycn'is. 109 Avliicli was too inferior in force to justify an action. Yet it was very nearly being necessary either to fiar- Admiral Colpoys, and proceed to the West Indies. The ships in company were the Loudon, Robust, Valiant, Colossus, Astrca, and Thalia. A few days after th(>y sailed the squadron came in sight of several French frigates. The Astmi engaged andca])tured La Gloire, the Rol)ust chas(>d La Fratcniite, and the Uau- nihal made sail after La GentiUr (42), chased her all night, and captured her at dawn Avhen no other vessel was in sight. " The ITannihal sails like a witch, for the captain of Tit/. (*V>///i7/e thought it impossible any- thing could come up with him, which Ave did after nineteen hours. She has doni' a great deal of mischief during the Avar, during one cruise having taken and destroyed forty-five sail of different nations. Sho is only two months out of dock, where she Avas repaired and fresh-c()pi)ered, as the captain informs me. At sunrise, Avhile the prisoners were shifting from the (leidillc, the signal-man on board the llaniulial reported the Bobnd nearly four leagues off. I 12 ^1 N'tK'al Career duriiic Ihe Old ]\\xr. clijislnj^ another fri<;atc ncross our bows. As soon as I had sc'cmvd 1m (li'iiHllf, I pursued tlio now chase, and between five and six the same eveniuf^ I pfofc near enough to tlirow several sliot into her. IJut the wiiul unfoi'tunately died away just wlien T liad made sui-e of taking her, and the French frigate, Ld Fvaternite, got sweeps out, and rowed away from us in the cahn. However, T kept siglit of her till a light air sprang up, and chased her all night and all next d:iy, when I was agai.i very near her, when she threw overboard a quantity of stores, and, I believe, her iinchors and some of her guns. She escaped at night, the Aveather becoming very dark. 'Von minutes more would have secured her." On April 18th the fLninihal put into Plymouth Sound, and Captain j\Iai'kham eventu- ally received 19:3/. \\n. Sd. as his share of prize-money for La (icntUh; and 280/. lO.s. \{)d. for La CUoiir, altogether 4-8;]/. 8.s. Q>d. The Uannihcl was ordered to sea again in May to proceed to San Domingo, where John JMarkliam had to face a heavy loss, the greatest sorrow he had as yet experienced in the course of his life. Young David's bright career was brought to a close. CD Cl CD Induced by the representations of some fugitive planters, the British Govci'nment unwisely deter- mined to make a descent upon the island of San Domingo with an absurdly inadeq\;ate force. The French Republicans had sent out 6000 picked troops, and these, joined to 15,000 disciplined and acclimatized militia, formed an effective force of over 20,000 men inured to the climate ; while the abolition of slavery had raised the whole negro popidatiou against the planters, and on the side of the Republicans. The country is mountainons and difficult, and the clinuite • Under /loioc and Jcyins, "3 tlondly. To fiicc all this, tlio English Govoriiincnt Imd tlic incrcdihlo folly to dcspatcli a force of 870 men froni Jamaica for the coiirjiiesfc of San Doniinfj^o. Tlioy landed in September, and met with a reverse. It was then that a tiny reinforcement was sent from Port lloyal, including the 2()th Regiment, nnder the com- mand of Colonel Marklnun. (^unmodore Ford, with four frigates, occupied Cape Nicholas ^lole, and Fort. Tibnron was taken, but the English only held the ground they stood upon. For eight months not a soldier arrived from England, no provisions or necessaries were supplied, and the effects of ignorance and incapacity were bearing fruit. At last thre(3 regiments arrived under (leneral AVhyte, and it Avas resolved to attack Port an Prince, the capital of the French part of the island. The troops behaved ad- mirably. Port au Prince is commanded by Fort Bizotton, on an eminence guarding the approach. This ])osition was carried by assault after much hard fighting, and the town was immediately evacuated, on June 4th, 1/94. In addition twenty-two merchant ships, laden with coffee aiul sugar, and valuetl at 400,000/., fell into the hands of the English. Yet Ihtle real ground was gained, owing to the ludicrous inadequacy of the invading force. The enemy occu])ied the surrounding heights, receiving abundant supplies from their rear, and so the mouths slowly passed on. In December the Tiburon Fort Avas attacked ; out of a British garrison of 450 men, 300 were killed, and the survivors heroically fought their way for five miles through a swarming force of the enemy. No more succour came. General Whyte v/as invalided, havino^ been relieved bv Briu'adier Ilorneck in September. The mortality was appalling. 1 if 114 // Nava/ C'lrccr dnniii^- the (Vd U'ur. Wiiliin t\vonu)nilis iirioi'tlu'Ciiptiirc of Pcii'tau Prince, 40 ofHccfs iuid Ooo men had died of fever, llonicck Avas obli,t;'(Ml to act strietly on the defensive, and tho oneniy even l)ei>'an to lay siege to Fort IJi/otton. There was a stron"; re(hMd)t tln'eateninj' Hi/.otton which it was n(>cessai'y to captnre. On ^larch 2(lth, M7!>5, Cohniel Markham gaUaiitly U-d tlio 2(lth Regiment to the chai'ge, and icll dead, nearly cut in two l)y a caiMion-ball, in the momi'iit of victoiy. His bravo men pushed on, carried the j)!ace, and captured the enemy's colours and five guns. *' Victory," says liryan Edwards, " was di'arly obtained by tho loss of so enterprising and accouiplishcd a leader. Yet it aft'oi'ds some consolation to reflect that these bravo young men, though cut off in the bloom of life, fell in tho held of glory, nobly exerting themselves in the service of their counti'y, and dying amidst the blessings and api)lause of their compatriots."" It -was to receive this dreadful news that his poor brother -was comiu;.'; to San Domingo. The JTaniiihiil arrived at Cape ISI; holas Mole on June 27th, three months after the event, so slowly did even ill news travel in those days. His grief was overwhelming for a time. J^t last, on July 1 Itli, ho Avas able to write home. " You, my dear father, alone can judge what a severe sliock I received on my arrival. Alas ! my only comfort, my consolation, was in the ho])e of bringing homo my dear, dear David. It was ridicu- lous of peo])le to offer consolation, especially as they could but aggravate my misery by painting to me tho high character ho had won among all ranks, and tho universal regret that was felt for his loss. What I " "llistovy of llic West Iiulies," liy lii-yan Ivlwitids, vol. iii. ciiii. xi. p. ISO (liiird t'ditii.ii, ISOl). July nasjr [PflgC 111. Under Howe and Jen 115 lia\o felt 1 cannot doscribo, c^spccially when in addition I Jiavc liad to fool for all those I left at home, and to consider tlioir misery as my own, God knows what a heavy blow it is to me, avIio came to this spot in the hope of embracing him." Tlio venerable archl)ishop had already received such consolation as tlie higii praise of men in authority can give, from the following letter : — " Bruton Street, May 25th, 1795. " Bo assured, my lord, that I do no/ mean an indis- creet or impertinent intr'ision upon your Grace at this moment of afHiction, but I bear so very sincere a part in it, and am so essentially concerned in the melan- choly cause of it, that you cannot refuse mo the con- Rohition of allowing me to lament with you tlie loss we have both sustained. It is a consolation to recollect and record his virtues ; and whether we consider his public or ])rivate character, he Avas equally the admiration of all who knew him. He had acquired the utmost reputation as an officer. His gallantry and i ilities had created the most sincere respect from all, and no one had the happiness to be nearly connected with him who did not pay a just tribute to his amiable personal qualities, and the amenity of his manners, by feeling the '.nost affec- tionate esteem for him. With the utmo.^*-. truth I cm affirm that I never knew a man more universally beloved, nor an officer more generally regretted. "With these sentiments, my lord, judge what I must feel on the present occasion, for I looked forward with the highest satisfaction to the moment when I should have it in n)y power to ileliver into his charge a number of vi>ry promising youths avIid have lately I 2 ii6 A Naval Career durino- the Old ]Var. obtained their commissions; and who woukl.have been formed l)y his example and by his instruction to become sohliers wortliy of actinii^ nnder his command. His Majesty's 20th Regiment mii^ht then again have become the model for otliers ; and when vacancies occurred there would liave been as many anxious can didates to supply them, as I remember formerly in <^he the time of his predecessor Wolfe." " 1 have often reflected on tlie grer.t similarity between the two characters, and, alas I tlie similarity is now fatally completed. Both died as they both had lived, with honour to themselves, with honour to their pro- fession, and the loss of both deplored by their country, " With every sentiment of respect, &c., &c., "West Hvdh." ' David Markliam was only twenty-eight when a soldier's death closed his short but glorious career. The shocking condition of the troops must have deepened the sorrow of his brother. Out of the 81st Regiment, garrisoning Cape Nicholas Mole, 120 men died within three montlis. At Port an Prince there were 2;^0 men able to do duty, find the senti'ies were literally not within hail of one another. The drafts from England which the criminally ignorant ministry •■■ Wolfe l:jciniioLicut('iiiii)lCol(inel of the 20tli in Maivli, '750, ami got the regiment into a very liigli staii; of crtiiiuncy ; so i\ at it was highly (listiiigiiisluMl at ilw battle of Miuden. lie left it in I"')?, vheii he lieriiinc a coloiicl, and was (Jolonel of th(^ GTth, wiiiih had been formed out of the second battalion of tlic 20ih. ' General West Hyde entered the Ciianls on O.'tolirr 15t!i, 1753, ancl lieranie a captain and lieutcnant-coloncd in 17'i7, colonc! in 1777, nnd was ("olond ot the 20tli, or Mast I )('Voii.diii'e K ■,;n..iil of '"'oot; niaJoi'-giMieral, 17S2; lientenanl-gcncral, 1 .;):>. ili- • i''(l in Ih'utoii Street, after a short illness, on February 25th, 171)/. Under IIoxoc and yervis. in tliougUt sufficient to conque:* the island, did not even replace tlie ravages which yellow fever made among their comrades. The army, unable to protect their own posts, recpiired the aid of the navy, while the sailors were suffering equally. The Uainondhle buried thirty-s x men in her passage from Port Royal to Port au Prince. Our ships beitig detained in port to help the garr'oons, the enemy's privateers swarmed over the sea? , they had no check ; their depredations were openly carried on, and the loss was enormous.** To add to his miseries. Captain Markham Iiad to contend against that dreadful disease the scurvy. " How the Admiralty," he wrote, " can account to the nation and their own consciences for s.-nding us on a foreign cruise, when they had my representation of the state of the ship's company, I am at a loss to comprehend. I keep my people out of the sun as much as possible, and use all the preventives acces- sible to m-?. A time will come when the nation will be apprised of the wretched policy of our Government in meddling with this island. Since my arrival six of my people are dead, and every man in the ship has scurvy in a degree. By mean-^. of vegetable acids we contrive to prevent its making any serious devastation as yet, though from time to time men. become too ill to do their duty. We have little fresh provision, and I have kept the men in the state they are, at consider- able expense to myself." * It was not until October, 1798, that the English Government concluded tl.'eir San Domingo jiaKco, and ordonnl tins island to bo evacuated. Mr. 11. Dundas, as Mini.stcr of War and Colonics, was chiefly responsible for this disastrous blunder. The 20th, ■when it landed at Plymouth in 1796, only had six offiicrs and seventy men surviviu','. 1 18 A Naval Career diirins the Old War. In September, 1795, the ITdnnihal went to Port Royal, and Captain Markliam's ^vliole time was occu- pied with arrangements at the hospital for the care and comfort of the sick. The dreadful strain, follow- in<5 r 1^ ' shock of his beloved brother's death, was too ni. Jor him. He was invalided, and sent homo in November as the only chance of saving his life. After his return he continued to receive most melancholy accounts of tho state of liis old ship from the first lieutenant, who know the deep interest Cap- tain Markham took in the welfare of his men. AVrit- ing in December, ir'.*-"), Lieutenant Moss says: — " Since you left us, BuUer and Sargent and young Harrison, Avitli thirty men, have fallen victims during fourteen days. Young AValker, Brandon, IMartin, and Jones (your late clerk), died at the hospital a tew days after you left. One hundred and seventy liave been buried already, and many more must, go, I fear. We are reduced to :500 men and boys, many of them in a very feel)le state." In April, 1 7'.'G, Lieutenant ]\ross wrote to tell his old captain of the death of more mess-nuites, and of his own recovery from a second and dreadful attack. " Buller and Briskey actually 1)led to death. Tho former expired in my arms. 1 ]U)\v r(>main the only officer in the ship that you know. I most truly re- joice that you left us ill time. The depressing scene tliat followed your departure will be i!ver present to my memory." From such scenes as these did Ca})tain Mai-kham return home in December, and thus the year 17!)(j betran with him in England. It was a sad home-comina". One i)lace was to remain unfilled by the hearth at Bishupthorpe for evermore. The bright young lil'c Under Ifozoc and Jcrvis. 119 was extinguished, the well-loved face was never to be seen there again. This deep, abiding sorrow had fallen npon the whole family alike. But John Markham also had the wretched sickness and the deaths of his poor people, on board the Hannibal, constantly in his mind during that winter and spring, the memory being ke[)t fresh by letters from the old ship. It was a period of grief and depression. Ho was truly in sore need of some fresh source from which consolation might flow, of some new interest to turn his thoughts into a brighter channid. The remedy for his affliction was not distant. The time was at hand for the discovery of a new spring of happhiess and sympathy. His eldest brother, William, had married Elizabeth, daughter of Oldfield Bowles, Escp, of North Aston, in Oxfordshire, on August 20th, U'.*-"), l)efore he returned home. They v/ero living at Becca I Age, near Aberford, in Yorkshire. I20 A Naval Career during the Old War CHAPTER Xir. MARHIAOE. GEOiMiK Tali'.ot Rick liud been at Westminster Avitli Jolm Mfirkliam, altlioup-li three years liis junior; they had renewed the fi-iendship of thei' school- days, and the sailor, when on half-pay, .id nioro than once paid a visit to the home of the Rices in South »Vales. The family of Rice descends from a long line of ^Yelsh ancestors, beginning with Urian Reged, Lord of Kidwelly. In the line of descent were the famous Sir Rice ap Thomas, who materially helped Henry of Richmond to his crown at Bcsworth, and Sir Rice ap Griffith, who married Lady Catherine Howard, daugh- ter of the hero of Flodden. The latter was a victim of the tyranny of Henry VITT. There was a tradition that the raven and the bloody hand would conquer England. A raven was the crest of the Rices, a bloody hand was a cognizance of James V. of Scot- land. So a conspiracy was assumed. He and his father had also adopted the name of Fitz Uryan, Avhich was considered to partake of the nature of treason. The end was that Sir Rice ap Griffith was beheaded in 1531, all h's estates being confiscated. A portion was restored by Queen Mary, l)ut the Rices had been shorn of their ancient splendour when the Marriage. 121 Right Honourjiljlc Gcorgo Rice,' of Dynevor Castle (or Newton),'-' M.P. foi* Caeriiifirthen, married Jjady Cecil Talbot ill 175G. The Lord Chancellor Talbot, created Baron Tall)ot in 1733, had married a YVt'lsh heiress, Miss Cecil Matthews, through whom he acquired Hensol in Glamorganshire. His son was Lord Hteward in the first years of George III., and was created Earl Talbot in 1701. He married Mary, tho daugliter and heiress of Adam de Cardonnel, M.P. for Southampton, and Secretary at War in the days of Queen Anne. Barringtou Park, in Gloucestershire, was bought with the (Cardonnel fortune, and here tho Lord Chancellor was buried. As Lady Cecil Avas Earl Talbot's only child, he Avas created Baron Dynevor in 1780, with remainder to his daughter and her heirs male, and he died in 1782. His daughter took the name of Do Cardonnel. Mr. Rice and Lady (Jecil Talbot had four children : a daughter, Henrietta, born in 1758; a son, George Talbot, born in 17(35; Maria, born on A{)ril 5th, 1773; and Edward, born in 1776. Mr. Rice died in 1779, when Maria was only six, and his widow, Lady Cecil, who had become Baroness Dynevor in her own right on her father's death in 1780, followed him on March 14th, 1791, at the age of sixty. ' Goovge liico's fatlior, Edwai-d liicc, of Xowton, iiiarricd Lirv cnliciress willi her sisters Anno and (icrtnidc, of tlin Truvors of (ilyiid in Sussex. Gertrude niarriud tlio Jiououralile C. Kojier, wliose inotlio" was Baroness Daeie, and tlioir dau^diter Gertrude married J. Draud, Esu , and was mother of tlie twenty-first Lord Dacre, and gramhuotlier of Sir H. Brand of (ilynd, the present SiJeaker. George Kice's grandson, the fourlii Loixl Jlynevor, took the name of Eice- Trevor, as a leprosentative of tiio Trevors. ■■* The modern liouse in the park, near the ohl ruined castL', was caibnl Newton. Dynevor (or Dinai^ Fmrr) lii.-i long been a ruin. Il was once tlie icsidcnce of tiic princes of South Wales. 122 A Naval Cancr diiriug the Old War. Maria Rico was twenty wlicii slio lost her motlior.' Hit sister Henrietta was many years older than her- self, and had been rnai-rii'd since 1788 to Magens- Dorrien Magens, Esq., of Haramerwood Lodge, in Sussex, who was a banker in I/ondon/ Her brother, George Talbot, Lord Dyncvor, succeeded his father at Newton in 1770, and his mother in the title in 17!);}. lie married Frances,^ daughter of the first Viscount Sydney in the followhig year ; and his sister Maria continned to have a home with them. Edward Rice, his younger brother, was still at Oxford. Newton and Dynevor Castle had great attractions for Captain Markham. Ho wrote the following linos when his ])leasant visit came to an end, in the winter of 179G:— The winds were loiul, the clouds deep iiiiiig, And dragg'd their .'^wi'cpy trains along The nionnlain's dreary side, When from the hill one look to throw O'er Towy's" raniMing il(jod below, 1 lurn'd my horse and sigh'd. ])Ut soon the gus* - of sleet and hail Flew thick across the darken'd vale, And blurr'd the face of day. In sullen silence I jogg'd on, And, though Tom cried you're going wrong. Still wander'd from my way. ' In memory of her mothur, jMiss Eico had a large oval locket, with rim of white and l)lue enamel, and inner encircling of laige pearls surrounding Lady Dynevor's hair, and over it a conuiet and I) in small diamonds. It was attaclied to live strings of pearls on velvet, with a ruliy clasp. ' Firm of Dorrien Magens, Martin, and Mills. '' Her sister nuiri'iedthe second Earl of Cliatiiam. •^ The river which washes the hase of the rock on which Dynevor Castle stands. Mavyiage. The scenes which oiK^e my fiincy struck, Or llie awed iiuiul with WDiiJer touk, PiissM (inic^aidcil all, Xor black Ticcarri;^''s ^ slccj.y hci;^'ht, ]S'oi' waste Trecastell ' 'fi\.\-<.\ dclij^'lit, Nor clamorous ll(j(hiy's fall. Dill the hleak ilay, then, ^'ive me pain, Tile lll■i\■in,^' wind and peltinj,' rain. And sky with tempest frau,i,dit 1 No, these un]ie(!ded raj^ed around, ]S'ou>,'ht in theiu so much mine 1 found As ulaim'd one wandering' tliou^lil. Tar other cares enya,L;cd my mind. Cares for the joy« 1 l''ft hehind In Newton's happy j^roves ; Yet not liecause its woods disclose Or lawns or t^'rots i iiu-e fair than those "Which fan at midday loves. Ihit that lieside its social hcartli Dwells every joy tha, youthful mirtli Or serious age can claim. The nuui, too, whom n.y soul first knew To h(.)nour and to virtue true And friendship's sacred name. 123 'JMic inmates of Newton, one especially, were very tleiir to liini, and tlieir father liiul been an old and tried friend, in years long gone by, of liis father, the arch- bishop. 80 it was with feelings of sorrowfid regret that he took his farewell of the woods of Dynevor, and rode away. But the separation was not for long. In the si)ring they met again, in London, and before the autumn iJaptain IMarkham was engaged to be • Teaks in the range in the norlhern part of Caerraarthenshire. Carre- ^V.•n, and Mynydd Caslell. The bi-hest point is IIGS feet ahove Ihc sea. 12-1. A Niwal Career dtirino; the Old War. Tniirriocl to Miss ^Iiiria T?ice. The love tlmt luid found its birth and half-expression amidst tlie enchanting scenery of the vale of the Towy, was now declared and accepted. On November 21st/ 179<), Captain John ^tarkham, 1?.N., was married to the Hononrable Maria Rice, in the chapel of Lambeth Palace, by Iiis friend. Dr. John Moore," Archbishop of Cantevbnry. His age ^\ as thirty-five yars and five montlis : Ihatof his bi'ido twenty-three years and a half. The newly-married pair went to pass the first few weeks at Barrington,' Lord Dynevor's other place, on the borders of Oxfordslnro and Gloucestershire. It was a large square house, in the Italian style, with an old church close to it, and a fine deer park sloping down to the banks of the Wind- rush, a tributary of the Thames. What a change had a year brought forth ! In November, 179o, Captain Markham was invalided, broken down with grief at his brother David's death, his own officers and men dying in scores around him of yellow fever and scurvy, himself at death's door from sorrow and anxiety. In November, 1 7'.M), lie was enjoying the delights of a comfortable country- " Tlie Peeraj^'cs (Debrett, 1831, il-c. ) give tlio date XdvcihIici' 17tli. But tliu inarrinye-Iicence fruiii the Faculty Office is dated ^('oveiubcr 2Lst. » Dr. Moore died in 1805. ' r>arriii,i^toii heloiigcd to the Priory of Llautluuiy, near rray, aii chances of comfort and happiness for her whom ho loved so dearly, wlii-ii lie should bo far away. But he felt that he had little cause for fear. His good old father, the head of the family of Avhicli she had become a member, would be more than a father to her too. The archbishop had reached his seventy-seventh year, and Ave have the impression that ho left on the minds of two accomplished men who knew him well. The learned Dr. Parr^ said, " I scarcely recollect any ° Siuimcl I'iur was tlu' snii of Or, Parr, a sur^'cdu at, Ifanow, liy Aniic, (lau,L,'lit(^r of J)r. lA'duai'il ^Ii;.,'iiaiil (dcsi'dulrd fnnii a Ficiicji ii'fii;^r('), lo wlioso practice lio HiK^cccdiMl. liniii in 17tS, yntiiiL^ Saimii'l wi'iit to Harrow in 17-'"'-, ami was lifiail boy in ITlil. Hem li(^ was tlie selioolfi'llow and intiiiiati' fiicud of Sir Wiiliaia .loiii's, and of ])r. I'cniiet, J>islio|i of Cloyiie. In 1705 he went to Candiridj,'!', look orders in 1700, and niarriL'il a ^liss Massinj^ale in 1771. He was an assistant master at Harrow, tlieii kept a s(tluiol at Stanniore, where liis lioya acted two plays of Sojilioeles — "(Kdipus Tyranmis " luxl "Trai hiiii(jo " — before Sir AVilliani Jones and a very critical audience. In 1777 he iieeanie head-master of the scliool at Coleliestei', and in 1779 of tlie fr(Mi school at Norwich. He was a severe discipliimrian. In 17SG he resigned, ami retired to llatton in "Warwickshire. He was afterwards liector of (irail'iiam. I)i'. I'arr was a man of marvellous erudition, a profouiul scholar, an original thinker and writer, and a keen politician. The friend of Imix, ^Vindham, and rx'iitham, he was a strong i.ilicral. He was a most voluminous writer, his works lilling seven large volumes, lie was vehement, irascilile, and very plainspokcii. He had a pupil ;it llatton, Mr. .lolm Wynne, M)n of rich parents 128 // Naval Career durimr the Old War. one greatly (listinguisherl, in whose composition some shr/Vs of "unity wore not tiaceiiblc. Newton and Boyle wore perhaps most free. I was well acqir.iinted with one great man who was wholly exempt from it, even to a fanlf, Markham, late Archbishop of York. His powers of mind, reach of thought, memory, learning, scholarship, and taste wore of the very first order ; but he was indolent, and his composition wanted this powerful aujiiillon. Both in public and in private he would suffer any one to take the lead in the dipoubsion ; never on any occasion whatever did I see him falrc, erhiter son e.sj)yit. He was a great reader to the last, but witi:out any particular object of pursuit, though with an attention that nothing could distn.'b. I have seen him continue his studios while his youngest child was climbing about him, Avith- out the smallest intorruptiou, except to give her a kiss, for he was most affectionate to his children. In in "Wales, who ft-ll in love with his (lau.u'htor Surah. When Dr. I'lirr foiinil it (jiit, he locked her u]). She esca|M'(l out of a wiiiilow, lied with her lover, ami thi'V were united at Gretna ( Jreon. AVhen they came back he turned tln-ni from his door. They took refu^'e in a farm-hovise. Youn;j; AVynne's father said no money should como from him, that they were hoth under aj^'o, and it mi^lit he Inoken oil". ]!ut the doctor's heart had lie^'un to yearn towards his dauj^liter ; he told Wynne's father that all tlii^ wealth in the world was to him lij,'hter than ort Maikl.aiu, ami Mas electud to Camliriilj^c iu 178(). He ciitt'ivMl holy oidt'is, was cliajjiain at Ciustlc Kili'ii, n'ctor nf iiaitiiii-in-Fa1iis (Notts), Prulicmlaiy of York, aiul inccciitor iu I7'.I7, ami iliaiilaii to tlic archliislioi) ; also rci'tor of Fuiicy. Ill' uianicil Aliria, tln' a'Tliliishop's nts and pursuits; and he would i\ot unfretjuently lament that the writers on those interesting topic-* were in genei-al so ignorant Marriagt 131 of Greek and Latin classics, wliile a goodnatured smile might be seen to play about liis countenance at bearing tliom uslier in witli all the parade of discovery a practice which Theophrastus or Columella had enfoi-ced ages ago, or Avhich even the Mantuan bard had more widely diffused in his didactic poem. " In all the relations of life, this truly great mr.n was peculiarly bappy. ^s a husband, he was beloved; as a father, revered ; as ; master, served with affec- tion ; as a patron and benefactor his bounties were felt and gratefully acknowledged. His domestic establishment was princely but unostentatious, and his hospitality unbounded." To these estimates of the archbishop's character, may be added tiie testimony of Mr. Ward, the author of " Tremaine," and other novols once well known. In a note' he wri es : " Dr. M;ii .Jiam, late Archbishop of York, so learned, so liberal, so ' nd. Tt is difficult to name the memory that is so .audi m id so fondly cherished by the friends, young and old, who survive him." Such was the man in Avhoni Captain IMarkham well knew that his wife would find a second father. Ilo was the old friend of her OAvn father, whom she liad lost when quite a child. Mrs. Alarkham gladly took "Tit'iiiitini', or the Man of Kefiiiciin'iit," vol. i. p. 113 n. 31 \\'aiil, till' son of a nici'rhant at (Jilualtar, was lioin in I^)ndoii m 170."). lie was at I'lirist Chuicli, (X\foril, and was < allud to the bar ii! 1700. A succi'ssful lawyer, esiieeially in international and maji- tinie cases liefiire the J'livy Council, he was afterwards ill Parliament, jind twice held otlice. " Tremaine " a])] leared in ISii I, fdllowed by " l)e N'ere" in 1Sl'7, both very s\iccessfnl and poiailar novels in their day, and "Do C'lillord," \ vols. He wrote oilier more solid works, and died in lt'4C, a^'ed eighty one. liis son was Sir Henry Ward, Conujii.s.sionei' of the Ionian Islaiuls, ami (lovirnor of Ceylon. K 2 1^2 A Naval Career during the Old War. tlie place of a niother. Tho three elder sisters were married,' but there were still three at home, Frederica, Anne, and Cecilia, who were anxious to receive her as one of themselves. Frederica was just her own age, Anne was nineteen, and Cecilia only fourteen. Mr. and Mrs. AYilliam Markham, of Becca, and George, the rector of Stokesley, were equally cordial. Robert, the yoxingest brother but one, was also a clergyman, vicar of Bishop* horpe, rector of Bolton Percy, and archdeacon." He was very absent and odd, but most kind and warm-hearted. He was just married to Frances, daughter of Sir Gervase Clifton, of Clifton. Osborne'' Markham, the youngest brother, was now twenty-eight, had been called to the bar, and Avas a great deal at Bishopthorpe. The captain's wife was no less welcome among her own relations. Lord and Lady Dynevor made her feel that their house was her home, and her sister, Mrs. Dorrien ]\Iagens, was always too delighted when- ever she could come to Hammerwood. Capti.in Mark- ham had taken the lease of a house for her in London, at 11, ['(U'tiigal Sti'eet. In the same y< ir, June 8th, 1796, Captain i\[ark- ° Ilanict, iiianicil, in 17St, to Ewan Law, Esq., of HorsltMl, in 8118.WX, soil of tiii3 lli.-^liop of Carlislo, and older lirotluT of r^ord EUenborouyii. Elizalietli married William Ijarnctt, Esfi., wlio Inid jji'o])(>rty in tlu; West Indies. Alieia marri(,'(l, in 1794, the Kev. I[. E. Mills, the avchliishon'.s chaplain. ° Tho archdeacon was the reverse of punctual. Sydney Smith, in writing to remonstrate on one occa-ion, said that there was one- reason why he woidd not like to sucr, id Jtoln'rt Markham at liollon Percy. If one of th(> duties should he to lay the former rectors ghost ill tlie churchyard at midni.i^ht, it would ho sure to he late, and h(! would have to shiver hu' hours in tli(! cold. ' ThoJ)uko (jf Leeds was Ids ;;odfather, and hence the name of Osljonic. I Marriage. 133 liain's cousin, Ilcnriettii Goddurd, with wliom liis family was very intimate, liad bceii married to Admiral Sir Charles Morice Polo, Bart., a distinguished and very able officer, who commanded one of the line-of- hattle shii)S wlien the Blonde formed part of Admiral Montagu's squadron, and sighted the shattered French fleet after Lord Howe's action. These were stirring times in the navy, and Captain ]Markliam's services wore not long dispensed Avith. The newly-married pair had a short but very happy ten days at Bishopthorpe, and they paid a flying visit to Becca with the Robert Markhams, also just married. Then the time for parting arrived. Full of confidence in the affection and solicitous kindness of his family, he took a sad but hopefid farewell of his young bride on the steps of Bishopthorpe, and started to take command of his new ship. " 1 797. On September 1 1th, Captain Markham left me to join the Centaur at the Nore." 134 A Naval Career during the Old War. CHAPTER XIII. THE " CKNTAUR." The Ccntavr had been commissioned by Captain Marklunn on Mai^ch 2!)th, 1707, and he had superin- tended her fitting-out and manning during the summer months. She Avas a fine 74-gun ship, built at AVool- ■\vich in 1790, Avith a length of 170 feet on her main deck, 14i feet length of keel, and 1842 tons. Her figure-head was a huge centaur with the body and hind legs extending half-way down the cutAvatcr. Captain IMarkham had a smart first lieutenant in Mr. Richbell, who Avas also an accomplished seaman and a good artist. The other lieutenants AA^ere Mi\ T. Smith, Mr. Tailour, Mr. Harry Humphreys, and Mr. Gardner. To this number young Walter Grosett Avas afterwards added. He came Avith a reconnnenda- tion from the captain's Avife, written at the re(piest of the gallant Captain Riou,^ and Avith another from his relatiA'e, Mrs. de KantzoAA^, Captain ]\Iarkham's old flame at Lisbon. ]3ut ho did not need them, for his own good qualities, Avliich were Avell known to his captain, Avore a sufficient iutrodnction. They had serATd together at Martinique, Avhen young Grosett was in the fiag-ship. The master was Mr. W. BroAvn; the ofliccr of ' Killed in 1^0:1 at t'o]iciiluigcii, The " Centaur ^>^ iiiiU'inos, Liouteiijuit Colloy ; the surgoon, Dr. Willcs, and his matOj Mr. Jones ; and the purser, ^Ir. Kittoo, a very Avorthy man, for whom the captain formed an enduring friendship.^ Among the junior officers was William Croft, of the Crofts of StiUington, in Yorkshire, a very fine young fellow, over whoso welfare his captain continued to watch for many j^^irs after ho had left the Ceufaur. Indeed, Ca])tain Markham paid very special attention to the interests of the midshipmen under his com- mand, seeing that they received instruction, and that their wants were properly looked after. Mr. Brown, the master, was exjiected to teach them navigation, and the boatswain had orders to initiate th(!m into all the mysteries of seamanship. The captain himself saw that this was efficiently done, and he made them feel that 1 o wished to be their friend and adviser as well as their superior officer. Nor did ho spare him- self trouble when their interests were concerned. Tho minule attention he cheerfully gave to all niattex'S re- lating to their welfare, is shown in the letters from Sir Abraham Elton, whose son, Henry Elton, was a midshipman on board the Centaur.'^ ■ Hi', sou was Licnitouiint Miirkliam Kittoo, of tlic East India Comp.'iiiy's Service, an eminent antiquary and oiu' uf tlic. most ir.ue- i'atij^alile of ^[r. I'i'inseii's eoadjutors in India, lie iiivcstJLjated the ruins in Oiissa, and discovered an iniportant series of inscripticuis on a rock at Dluiuli in Cuttaek. H(! was also employed by j^overnment to miike excavations at Saronatli, near IJeuares. His discovery at Diiauli proved to lie one of the scries of inscriptions of King Asoka. His innnerous (contributions to the limgal A.nutic Soricfi/'n Jaunuil range from 18;?8 to 18,')0. He died in IS").-?. •' Henry Elton was a first cousin of Captain ^Iarly the first lientcnant, Mr. Eichbell, but long afterwards, in March, 1819. It is now at Morland. 'riic^'Cnitanrr Wilt llioii itiioii till! lii^'li aiul t,'i( tluj Mi//i(iiiii'i«', aiiil i'ii;4a;^vil (■iylitmi Dauisli -un-vcsscls. Ailiiiiral at thu Capi', aflcrwanls I'ljnioutli Dotikyanl. \h' lived al and ilii'ii in March. ISl.S. '..(/■iiaiu, The " Centaur r 143 point with tlio surgeon of the VlUc dc Par Is. I beg leave to say one more word concerning the woollen clothing. I cannot help remarking that whoever pos- sessed your lordship's mind with an idea of its being in a general bad state, has failed in his respect to you by paying no respect to the truth." The reply to this, dated August 13th, very per- emptorily closed the correspondence : — " Lord St. Vincent presents his compliments to Captain JMarkhani, and returns his last letter, into tho subject of which he has neither leisure nor disposition to enter, and he trusts that the good sense and good manners of Captain Markham will show him tho impropriety of taking np the conamauder-in-chief's time WMth endless discussion." So Captain Markham put the letter on one side, after adding tho following note : — " I might have answered, — Ciuu tot sustiiu'iis ct tiiutii lu'i^'otia solus, Jics Itiilii.s iiniiis tuteris, moiilitis onics, L('j,qlius {'iiu'iidcs, ill iniblicii coiuinoila iiccccin, Si loii^ij scniiiiiit' inorcr tun ti'iiijiora Jarrin." '' He felt that in upholding Ms opinion, and standing out for what he considered to ])e riglit, lie had pro- bably ruined himself with Lord St. Vincent for ever. But he was quite mistaken. On the very next '' Tlio lines are from the l'".|iistli's of lldrncc (Lih. ii. Epist. i. ail An,i,nistiiiii/ ; tl'c word t/c/v/.s heiiig suhstituliid for Cusar. Francis tiiiis fivcly traitslaic-.s tliciii : — W'liili' you alone sustain tln" iiii[iortaiil wui.nlit Of Ivunc's all'airs, so variiJiis and so great, Wliiii' yy had retained it by the Treaty of Paris in the following year. The Minorca expedition was composed as follows : — Li'i-iuflidii (74), Coiiniiii(liiri' Diii'kwdrtli.' Ciiifinir (74), (,';iplaiii Maikliam.'' Anjii (44), Captain .1. lidwcu.' Aiirnni (21^), Cajitain Caulfielil. Cormordiit (-0), (Viiitain Lord JFaik Kerr. Petird (IG), Captain Cliarli's Lonu;.- nnd several transports with troo])s, under the com- niaiul of General the Honourable CHiarles Stuart.' * John Tlioniaa Duckworth was tlu> son of a ck'r,i,'vnian, ami was lioru in 174.'), entering' tho navy in K'iO. He liad tlic (himi in Lord Howe's action of June 1st, 17i>l, and tlu' Lfriutlidii sini(! 1795, lirst for two ycais in tin' West Indies, tlicn in the .VIiMhtcr- rancan. Hi: joiiicil tlic Ik'ct of Lord St. Vincent in Auj,'usi, 17'J8, off Cadiz. ° .lanics calls him Thnums Markliani (ii. p. 2S:3). lie has tlic name corn'ct in another place (ii. p. ;)7S). ' .lames liowcn. It was < 'aptain Kiclianl llowen who was killed at Tcjni'riU'e, wlien Midsmi lost an arm, in .lidy, 17!)7. ' This list is very irn'orn^ctiy >/\\v]\ )i\ I'.renton. ^ (leneral Stuart was Ihe f()\ii'tli sou nf tlie Marl of Bute, I'rime The " Centaur!^ 145 < Captain !Markham was fortunate in beinf^ associated on this exiiedition with Commodore Duckworth, whom he had known and liked ever since lie entered the service, and with Lord Mark Ken-, *■ the greatest friend he had in the navy. Although Ijord l\[ark was several years his juiuoi', the two wei-e like brothers, and their intimate friendship continued through life. The squadron under Commodore Duckworth, after a tedious passage owing to contrary winds, l^roiight to within five nules of the port of Foruells, on the northern side of Minorca, on November 7th, 17!KS. IMie two line-of-battle ships continued to stand off and on, while the smaller vessels and transports jiroceeded to Addaya ('reek, and at eleven a.m. the troops were landed there. They immediately occupied the Miiiislci', liy jrniv Wmtlcy ]\Iiint;i,uii, liciivss of tlic Wuitli'vs. lie was iiftri'Wiii'ds ( idvciiior (if Aliiiurcii, iind ilii'il in 1S()1. liy l.nuisii, ilaiiylilcr iif Lord Viae iii'i-lic, hi' liad twd sii:i>, Sir (.'liarlcs, a ilis- tiii};iiislii'd diiiloiiiatist, d'catcd Lord Stuart, df Kdtlisay in iSi'S (latin r . ( »n .Inly jstli, 17'.l!», lie niarried Lady Ciiarlntto M'l»onnill, daughter of the Karl of Antrim. Lord Antrim olitaincil a |)alinl fur his c.irldoni to d('S('(>n(l to his two daui;hti'rs and thrir niah' issiU', he having; no son. lie y next looked into Tarragona Hay, but with no better success, and then ex])lored the Bay of Fungal, near the mouths of the Ebro. The L'cntaur and Cormorant, baffled so far, now stood out towards Majorca, and captured a privateer called the Vergia del Bosario, with fourteen 1 2-ponnders and a crew of ninety men. On the loth Captain Markham proceeded to the little seaport town of Cambrils," seven miles west of Tarragona, and captured five vessels laden with wine and corn. He sent boats in, manned and armed, under the command of Lieutenant Grossett, who landed, and dismounted the guns in a small fort and on the sea-wall. Ho then cruised along the coast, and on ]\rarch 1 ()th drove the Spanish frigate (iiKtihJoKpe, of forty guns, on shore near Cape Oropesa, where she became a wreck. During April the Ci'idaur and Cormorant Avere in Port Mahon, and Lord Mark Kerr always said that this service at J^Iinorca and on the Cataluiian coast Avas the happiest time he passed in the navy. But he went home in May," and Captain ^larkham's Avife Avas soon able to tell him the reason. " I have discovered," she Avrote, " Avhat your friend Lord JNFark's business in ^ Tlio iiaviil liistoiios spoil it Cumhrcllo. '' Oil May Otii, 179!), Lord ^^al•k Kerr was oi\lori>il to Sjiitlieail, tn laki.' liomo (It'iiPi'al Stuart and liis .suite. L 2 148 A Naval Career dtiriiij^ the Old War ViW<^i\\\(\ \^ — no oflier than to be nian-itMl to a very pretty, ploiisin<^ ^ him about tiio ha]))iy little home they had made for themselves at Lavant Jjodge, near Chichester, with a charming look-out towards the old city. After a year came another picture: ".sZ/r is this moment playing a har[) on my right hand, and our little girl' jumi)ing, and sprawling, and cooing, at her and the insti-ument." It was not in human n>.ture that Jack should not feel a little envious at all tliis bliss, while he was still cruising for Spanish frigates, and his ]ioor lonely wife j)ining for him in Portugal Street. From A])ril 1 5th to ^lay lllh, the Cenfanr was again cruising, but very soon there was to be more stirring work, and high hopes were to ho aroused of a great achieve- ment. Lord St. Vincent was beginning to feel the tremen- dous strain on mind and body. In October, 1798, he had taken to living on shore at Gibraltar whence ho conducted all the nndtifarious concerns of his onerous command, and carried on an immense correspondence with the government, Avith the detached squadrons, and with mimerous agents in all parts of the Mediter- r s ( ' Al't('i\v:iiii.s I •idy (!('fii|;iii:i Ileilic, tl l-"iv(; ('■(■iiriatioiis III' ;i I.dval l[iuis( IC lUTOlllJillsllOll il iuitliort (', — only [lart 1. was IiihsIilmI — liciiiL,' tlif litV of rcic^friiH', l.oid A\'illouL;liliv, an cxci'lli'iit and con- seicutidusly accunik' liisturic'al work. /"//(• " Centaur, 149 rancaii. Mciiinvliilo, liOi-d Keith liad ari'ivcd us liis socoiid ill coimiiiiud, and kopt up tlio Ijlockadu of Cadi/, witli (devoii yail ot'tlio lino. Suildonly tlio ue-.vs arrived that Lord Briilpni't had allowed the great French fleot of twenty-five sail of the line to give liiin the slip from Brest. On April 2.")rli, it put to sea under Admiral Briiix. On the 27th, Lord Brid])ort looked into IJrest and found the fleet gone, so he hurried off to tlie coast of Ireland. On May 4tli, the French fleet came in sight of Lord Keith, who formed in line and offered battle. Hut a gale was blowing right into Cadi/, preventing the Spaniards fi-om coming out, so Admiral Bruix l)ore up for the Me(htcrranean. Nelson was at i'alermo, Duckworth at Minorca, liord Keith came to CJibraltar to report the great event to ]jord St. Vincent, and the old veteran at once hoisted his fliig again on board the /'///c ^/i' /''//'/x, and took conuiiand, ill as he was. Taking Lord Keitli under his oi'ders, he proceeded with the fleet to Port Mahon, where the CviiUiiu' joined it; while the Leriafhaii was sent to reinforce X(dson. The French flei't had proceeded to Cartagena, and ns soon as the coast was clear the Spaniards fi-oni Cadi/ had joined forces. But this was not known. Lord St. Vincent made sail towards Toulon, at mid- night of J\lay 21st, in search of the enemy. On -May 22nd, Captain Markham's infoi'mation Avas as follows : " The French fleet passed l)etween Majorca and Jiarce- lona on the lUth, and on t]w 20th Lord St. Vincent joined us with sixteen sail of the line. The French are twenty-one of the line. Lord Nelson is olf Sicily with ten sail." On June 2nd the commander- in-chief became so ill that he was obliged to resign 150 /} iVavo/ Career (fiin'm^- the Old War. tlio command to Luril Kcitli, and rt'turu to Port Malion.^ It was a great pleasure to Captain ^larkliam to bo once more serving under his old eonnnander, fi'om whom lie had received so nnich kindness when a youngster ; for Lord Keitli was the Cai)tain El[)hin- stone of tlio PerscKs days." On July 3rd, 17'' Lord Keith's fleet was in sight of Toulon, and the CcntaKr wan tho advanced ship. Captain j\Iarkham o])ened fire on a French corvette and sevei-al small vessels at the eidi'aiico of the harbour, and the forts o[)(med fire on him in return, lie, howevei", succeeded in capturing some of the small craft, and got news from them that the French fleet luul steered to the eastward; so Lord Keith shaped a course in the same direction. The ships kept so close in shore that the forts on tlie islands of Sainte Marguerite and La Garoupe, near ' Ho went lioiiie in An^'iist, 1799. '•' (!('oi'f,'(! Kcitli l'",l]iliiii.stijm', sou of Cliiirlcs Lord KIpliiiistoiio, wiis Lui'ii in 1747, nnd bcciUiHi ii i)(i.st-cit|itiiiu in 177."». Afli-r liir /V;w/(,s' lie was uncmiiloyi'tl until 17!)^, wIu'M ln' jiiul the /(""/'/'■■••/ in the Aleditoiinncan, in Lord llood'.s tinic, iimi distinguished liiiUHtH' at, tlie sic^'c cil Toulon. In 179") lie went In the Cape in thi^ Man'irr/i, and took jiosse>.-ioii of Capetown, for wliicii seivic(; ho was ereated Lord Keitli in 1V97. His eomnianil in llie Mediteiraiiean was h'oni 1799 to ISO.'?. On Mareh 17lh, ISOU, he lost his llaj;-slii]., the Qin'ci, C/iar/uf/r, liy fire, in Leghorn lioads. He blockaded .Massena in (icnoa in iSOl, and did very useful service on the coast of F.^^ypt in tiie same year, in ISO I hi.' eoiiiniaiided the llei't in the Nortli Sea, and was created ^'is<■ollllt Keitli in IS 14. l'>y his liisl wile, .lane Merger, whom he maiiird in 17s7, he had an only daiiuJiter, ^Ial■,^aret, on whom and heirs iiiaN? the hai(jny was entailed. His second wife was Hester, dailLjhter of l)r. .loiiiisoii's Mrs. Tlirale, who dieil in |S.-)7. Lord Keith died in iSl.i. His danehter, Jjady Keitli, iiiaiiied Aiiuuste, Comte de Flahault. [Piige 151. Till' " CcntiiHi' 1^1 Antihos, fii-cd iil tlioiii as they siiilctl past. While; ci'ossiiif^ Fi'cjiis IJiiy a (Icspjitoli-hri}^ had nict thciii iind Imported that thu cnciiiy was at anchor ofrthc mouth of the Var. But on the 8th an ordiT camo from Minorca (Lord St. Vincent did not actually j'csi^n until the 18th) to rc[)air to Rosas Hay and inti'i'ci'pt the French fiect in that direction. Loi-"^), l.'i Ml Ailiiiiiiil I'divc, (";i])tain lloiimv iViiivijiiicr. 'J. 'I'll!' Alnxte {'Ml), Caiitain .Icaii-llaiit istc llavi'ij. 15. 'J'liL' Ciiiirar/i'iix (•"i'!), Caiitaiii I'luillc. •1. 'I'lic ,S'r " dearest man " away from her, he is still loving and faithful. " I saw young Lady E- at Heeea yester- day, and I could not help thinking how nmch happier am I than her. So beantit'ul, so pleasing as she is, to be thrown away upon a man who seems to be little worthy of her — ther(^ is no species of dissipation he is not engaged in, I understand ; while I am married to an honest ta!', who, tliough absent in the service of his country, is good and true." llcr chief occupation was writing long letters to her husliand, eagerly looking for news of him, thinking of ami getting things he might want, and meditating plans for the future, win ii they should be again united. A Sailor s Wife. 155 Yet tlu.' captain's wife, for his sake and in obcMlicneo to Lis wislios, continued her former pursuits, and took an interest in his i-ehitions and friends, and in all that was going on around hei-. It was arranged that Mrs. Jolm Markhani should ])ass die summer months wiih her husband's family at Bishopsthor[)e, the winter with her brother at Dynevor (!^astle, and the spring in I'ortugal Street. She was able to live within 700/. a year, the chl(;f item of expense being travelling. l*ost-hors(.'S, and inns, cost her 104/. a year, the spring months in Portugal Street '170/., dress only 45/., washing and sundries 52/. The first event, after her husband's departure, was the marriage of his sister Frederica to the young b^arl of ^Mansfield, which took place at Bishopthorpe on SeptiMuber IGth, 17U7. Captain ^larkham had been much disappointed at not being able to remain for it. He was very fond of his sister Fred, and he had long been the confidant of Lord Stormont (as he was then), who told him all his hopes and anxieties in long letters from jjeipsic and Vienna, where he was tinishing his education. The first letter the young countess wrote, after her marriage, was to her sailor-brother, assuring him of her happiness.' The second event was a sepa- rati(jn. Captain ^Markham's second sister, Elizaljeth, was already married, as his second wife, to William Barnett, Esq., who had West India property, and they ' J)iiU'il IScpti'inlMT 21>l, 17!>7. Tlii' Ivirl uf iLinstidil, wlm was Luril Chill' Ju.slice, llu- Arclilnslioii's old Iriciul (sdii oi llic tii'tli A'^iscoiiiit .Stui'iiioiit) tlii'il in ITD.'i, witliout cliildrcii, agrd ciglity-iiiiH'. Tlif caililoiii rc'Vt'itcd in Ids in'jilicw, A'iscdiiiil Stdiinoid:, who died ill IT'.Mi, His sDii ihi'ii .suciu'CtU'd as tliiid I'.arl of Muiislichl, and ci^liui \'isitiunt Stiiriiioiit, having bui'U Imi'ii lai Mardi 7tli, 1777. So llial lie was only twenty \\]\(u lie nianicd Fifdi'iii:ii MarklKini in >i>]iti'nii'iT. I7'.'7, -\\r I'l'in'^ l\Miit\ -thicc. ] 56 A Naval Career dit)-ini^- tJic Old Jl'ar. had .1 little son, a year wM, iiaiiicd nl'tov his uiu !'■, Mic (■a[)tain.'^ The Hanit'tts had lived in u lar,n'e h->rse at Abort'ord, the villa,u,'e near Jiecca, bnt now it \v:is ai'i'angvd that they should ,u'o to the West, Indies. •' Poor liess is n;oingont witli lier hushand, the g'reatesl of all comforts." ]\rrs. Jack, with hei- young' sisters- in-law, Nanny and ('ecy, found the Bariietts in all ihe hustli' of ])acking, \vhen they drove over to Ahert'ord on October 1 Ith, 17'.I7, and she had tlu^ [)leasiiro of lending them her house in Portugal Street during their stay in London, whicii wa.s a gi'eat con- venience. They had a pleasant ])assag'e, and iieerl'ul letters ai'rived from Carlisle V^ay, in Harba Iocs, in February, 1 Tl^S. Here theii' daughter Elizabeth was born. From BishopthoriJC ]\Irs. Jack went for a short \ isit to Hecca, on her way to Wales. j\[r. ^V'iMiilnl ^hirkhaiu, liei' husband's eldest bi'othcr, was ab-eady, though oidy thirty-seven, !i terrible sufl'ercr from the gout, and was often (|uite disabled. But there was great frieiid- sliip between the sisters-in-law,'' and Mrs. Jack was glad to feel that she was really of use tliei'e, the evenings often being vei'y lonely. Hhe also deligli'ud in their little boy, only a few days more than a year old, ■ .Iiilui lianictt ■'■^1- liniii ,-it l'iisli(i]itli(iriHMii 17117. 1 Ir ciilcivd till' iiniiy, and w.is al tlir i.,.iili' nf Waii'i'lin,, al'tci wards liiddiii.u;' a (•i\i! aiiiKpiiiliiii'iil ill Ccylnii, wln-ro all Ids diildivn wvyr Imrn. jlu died at. iMililiii ill IS.")."), jus \\it\', .Sdpliia (d.iai,'lilri- of ( Icin'ial (ipllin) ill .1 )i'i's Id. ill 1S()0 ; lia\iii;,' had tlirct! sons and tl:i'''r diu.uiili'is. ' .Mrs, William Markliaia was I'liizil rtli, daii-liti'V (it (Hdlirlii limvlcs, J>(|., Ill Nnrtli .Vstiin, li,\ Maiy, daii,i^litrr id' Sir Alualiain Klldii, I'.arl., id' ( livt'diiii. SliL' was inairicd uu August L'Olli, 17'.t."), and was uncid' ciuht sisln's. i|ii' I'liln;- was an aiTiini|dislii'd aiiialrui' artist, and an intiniad' I'lirnd nt Sir (li'in;;!' riranniunt, the liiiiiidi'f wife rested in * I'liciv wiis also ii haby, tlu'U i'oiii' hmmuIis did, Imhh .luin' Gib, 1707, iiiiil luuiicil .liibii, after tlu' caiitaiii. ' At < >\luii, (.11 ihi' mail In ImiKihi I'nvy. Tin- iixjius ami runii- tiiic \Mtv jii.iiioumcil til br (liilv ami bail, '• Mminl I'Icasaiit" is mi tbr ina|> III' 1771. line Mi-s l'",li/a I>ausiiii livnl, ^v]|o iiiai'ricil Ml. Anliiliiilil t'lrlilirr, of Kdiubui.nb, in 17'J1. Her umtlKr was ticsrcmlcil liuiii an intrepid nian-ul-arniH, naincil Jlill. wlm trieil u> t'sca]"' witb l.aily Fairfax after the siene of I'railfmil. lli> sistei' ( Iraee .searc'iieil lnr ami biuml bini udiimleil nii the bailie. liilii. His basket- liilled swiiiil was ]iresi ived bv the Hill family. See " Autiibiii,ura|i|iy .if Mrs. i'"lelelier," ediied by biT (]aiii,'iiler, Lady Ixirlianlsnu (Kdinbm-b, li^TO). 158 A A'ava/ Career ditriiio- the Old War. the bvoly o\(\ lioinc in t1u> vale (if tlio Towy. For ono who, like licr, could M])j)reciiit(' bciuitiful sconery and roiuantif associations, tlici-c could not bo found a, s|)o(, inoro enclumting. IMio lod^j^o fixate of JJynevor is just outside the town of Llandcilo, and the house, a s(|iiaro buildino;', witli small turrets surniountiug- each an<:;lo, is at some little distance from the ruins of the old castle, in a secluded part of the park, ^riie oi'i,i;inal castle was l)uilt by Roderick the Great neai-ly a thousand years a,ighbour- liood is full of interest. Close by is the bewitched spring, which ebbs and flows like the sea. Four miles away the castle of Carreg (^ennen, built by one of the Knights of Arthur's Round Table, rears its ruined towers on the summit of an isolated rock. A little Avay down the stream is Golden Grove, where Jeremy Taylor mi.'ditated and wrote his religious works,^ and " " Kaerii' Quecno," lili. iii. lanto iii. '' He was lit'fricndfd hy Ricliard Yanghan, Iviri of Carhiiy. " lie [I'lige 158. // SaJ/ors Wife 159 just, below is tlio uifrupt ciiiiiUMico called Grongor Hill, wliieli inspired the nuiso of Dyer. These were all liaimts of the young wife's childhood, iiiid slie could never weary of them. During this sojourn she made sketches of Dynevor Castle from the different points of view in the park. It was a ])leasant visit; her brother's ailection was a solace to her, and her old home w^as no unnatural place in which to wait for, and eagerly tu read, the letters of her absent husband. As s))ring drew near, the Dynevor visit came to an end. She sot out on (he long posting journey of over 200 miles to [jondon, and arrived at 1 1, Portugal Street on Afarch 2n(l, 1708, Here she was close io South Audley Street, and near the ])icture by Sir Thomas Lawrence, which hung in the dining-room there. " I please myself with the thought that I shall sometimes bo able to sit ofjposite the portrait of you. To own the truth, I thought, and Avas in hopes, Fred woidd have it copied for me in miniatinv, slu; (jues- tioned me so much -whether 1 thought it like. Though it is not so like yon as it might be, it has your air exactly, and would hav(> been sufficient to remind me what sort of looking being you ai'o." She got her miniature copy in due time.* In April she received some let ier^> from Ireland, and when she came back From church on Good Friday she told the archbishop the news. "You cannot imagine how it delighted him to hear about you. I mentioned to him how you feastetl uj)on turbot caught by your own people. As AvcU dcsfi'vctli to 1)6 owner of ( iolden Grove, wlio so ofton Iiiitli used u golden liaiid in j)l('iitifully itlieving niiiiiy eminent divines durini' the liile ,se(|uestriit,ion."— l-'idler's " 'Worthies," Wnkf. p. 27. ' It is now lit Morland. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) / o .V4 ^ 1.0 I.I l^|2B |2.5 ia|M 2.0 i.8 t m 11.25 III 1.4 i 1.6 V] <^ /] 7 7 PhotDgraphic Sciences Corporation 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 iV ^ ^ i6o .•/ Naval Career dun n(:; the Old War. wo wore sitting after dinner, ho said, ' ]\Iai'ia, do you know that what you liavo been tolling nio of .Jack has brought to iniiid a train of thought. When I was a little boy, I remember going on a fishing party to wliei'e he is now, Avith my father. Wo spivad our table-clotli on the rocks, boiled our fish, and it was very pleasant.' This conversation struck me with wonder that he shoidd have so clear a mind at his tiuie of life, so cheerful, so soft, and mihl, yet so firm and manly. Tn short, it is lucky he is your father, for if I could be in love again, there would he groat dan- gei", I assure you. T believe one reason is that he puts nie so often in miud of. my own poor man. I look at liim and say to myself, ' May I and my husband, when wo grow old, surrounded by our children, make their delight and hap[)iness as lu^ does ours.' " She spent the whole of June with jjord and Liuly j\Iansfield at Caenwood, their place near Highgate ; ami on Jidy 1st set out for Bishopthorpe, to slay for I MO suuuner and autiuun months. All the family of her husbaml did their utmost to make her feel that she was one of themselves, a,nd her love for the arch- bishop seemed to grow willi closer ir.timacy. " Thei'o never was such a man as your father," she wrote, "so cheerful and so mild, so slow to censure others; if any one is blamed ho always tries to find an excuse for him ; with all his learning ami knowledge I always observe so much ditlidenco of his own o|)inions. What a happy creature I am to have such an adopted father — 1 mav add mother and brothers and sisters. Just before supper your father took mc- to the parloiu'- window to show me how uncoimnoidv hiau'lit the stars were. He pointed out several I did not before know. What a memory he'has! I look at him really more A Sailor's Wife. i6i and more with astonishment and adn^iration. To be your wife and his daughter is almost too much happi- ness to fell to the lot of one woman." There were only two sisters-in-law left at home, Nanny, just twenty, and Cecy, still a little girl. " In Nanny I find a most comfortable friend ; she has so much feeling, and so exactly understands how to treat a person when she sees one out of spirits. She is a sweet girl — so much good sense and right judgment. Yesterday Lord and Lady Mansfield arrived, looking so well and happy. It is quite pleasant to see them. In the evening she sits down to the harpsichord. There never was a pleasanter house than this. In the evenings, now Fred is here, they dance reels, and I join when they want to make up a set. I do not believe there is anyl)ody by nature more really fond of dancing tluan I am, and if you were here with what a light heart should I skip about." She made her sister-in-law Anne put notes into her letters to the Centaur. One day she wrote, — " My beau Jack, — What I should have done without Maria, at the time of losing Fred, I cannot tell ; her society has been a comfort to me beyond anything I can express. We are together almost the whole day, and regularly take our walk before dinner. We generally have a nod across the table over a glass of wine, of which you are sowefimrs the subject. Adieu, dear Jack ; you must bo tired of me, yet Maria's having been the cliief personage in this note makes me hope you will forgive the intrusion. God bless you. " Your very sincere and affectionate " Anxk K. Maukham." Osborne, her youngest brother-in-law, now called to the bar, was also n great ally. " Tie is an excellent i62 A Naval Career during the Old War. fellow and a very good friend to me. He and I and Nanny are quite a party. We walk together, and ho is always so anxious and interested about yon. In- deed, all your relations really seem to try who can do most for mo, and then I know it is sincere, as no Markham ever knew how to deceive. 'Flie dean [Oyril Jackson •] is also my great friend. H3 seems to con- sider me as a real Markham, which flatters mo above every thing." There was another inmate of the archbishop's family a young lady named Josepliine Chapuis, whose history was very romantic. Mrs. Markham and her daugliters were once in a milliner's shop in London, when they saw a little French girl sitting on a chair in the back of the shop, humming to herself, " Je vais a I'aris de- main. Je vais a J*aris domain." It was in the height of the reign of terror. Mrs. Markham turned to the shop-peo])le, and said that surely the child was not going to bo sent to France. The reply was that she had been picked up alone in the strcts of Par-s, her parents probably guillotined, and brought over by some kind-hearted fugitive, who had left her there. They could not .afford to keep her longer, .and there was nothing for it but to land her in France on the first opportunity. Mrs. Markham and her daughters w(to horrified. They took the child homo, and ])roposed to keep her. But the archbishop said tl'at this must not be a passing whim ; if the child was taken, the whole responsibility nnist be faced, and her future must bo provided for. That, he said, could only bo done by • Or perhaps Dr. .Tolm Foimtisyiic, tlicii Deim (if York, fatlicr of ^Ir. Fodiitiijiii' Wilson. This (h'iiii was j^'odfatlier to oik; of his unccfsKor's (tScorf^'o Markham's) ,dity-eij.,dit. f A Sailor's Wife. 163 making some reduction from what his children would have at his death. To this they gladly consented, and Josephine had ever since been one of the family. Her name was on her clothes — Marie Josephine Adelaide Chaj)uis ; but she was too young to be able to tell them anything that could load to the discovery of her re- lations, and no future inquiries threw any light on the question. Josephine, from that time, had been a cherished member of the archbishop's family. But in 1798 she was only about eight years old. The palace at Bisho])thorpe brought back many his- torical memories, recalling events read about long ago, to the new member of the family. About three miles south of York, on the right bank of the Ouse, the old pile has seen many vicissitudes. Originally founded by Archbishop Grey in the thirteenth century, it has been reto'iched by various hands. Yet the river face retains its venerable aspect. Though repaired and altered from time to time, there still are the ancient walls and quaint gables enclosing the chapel and the dining-room, said tn be the very same hall in whic\ a hireling lawyer, at the lidding of the usurper Boling- brokc, adjudged tho vei orated Archbishop Scrope to death. It was hung vvith portraits of ai'chbishops, the lust being that of Dr. Markham, painted by Sir Joshua Reynolds in 1777. The gardens, and grand old avenues on tlie river-side, were laid out and planted by Archbishop Sharp in 1()91 — 171;^. Brt *^he front of the palace is modern, in the so-called pointed style, built by Dr. Drummond in 1 7r)5. A gate-house, with crocketed turrets, leads into a courtyard, and a flight of steps is the appi'oach to the front door imder a rather handsome stone canopy, with a window above it, in the same style. On the left are the ivy-covered M 2 1 64 A Naval Career during the Old War. fit allies ; on the rirht, in those days, tlioro was a larf?o pnnd with tall trees overshadowing it. Alaria's l)e(l- voom looked into this courtyard. On leaving the gate-house, the little village of liishopthorpo forms a street, with a lane turning down to the river, Avhere was the house in which Roheit Markhani then lived, and the new church also built by Archbishop Drumniond, in 1708. In this lano Guv Fawkos was born. The road to York passed through Middlothorpo ; a mile or so to the south is the village of High Acaster, and there were walks in the fields by the river-side. Mrs, John Afarkham's walks with Anne were to Middlethorpe, or as far as the little cruciform church at \WA\ Acaster. Ihit her favourite stroll was alonq: the river-bank behind the palace, under the lofty trees in the garden originally laid out by Archbishop Sharp. She often went in\o York, to the Minster, to see the glass-blowing manufactory, or for shopping. Always thinkiTig of the homo that was to be, she sometimes made purchases of books for the future library. One day she went into Todd's' with thi.s object. " I bought Smollett's continuation of Hume, I suppose it is written in my face that I am a captain in the navy's wife, for the man instantly brought mo Vancouver's Voyages to look at, which I also bought." There were often dinner-parties at Bishopthorpo, and visitors staying in the house. " Lady Oranthinn and her two sons have just left us. Lord (Jrantliam is about sixteen, and I think one of the finest boys I ' .Iiilni ToiM ami IFciiry Sotlicv.iii were tlii-ii jiarliifr", Ixinkfi-llfis (it. till' si^'n iiftiu! r.ililn in Stmu'-j^'Jitc. SnUii-rmi aftcrw.inirt W!i>arali!il fiiiiu Toijil, and si't \i]i a shoji in St. IlelenV Si^iiare, A Sailor's IVi/c. It'- ov^or met ; very good-looking, sensible, and pleasant."' Other neighbours were Sir William and Lady Mibier, of Nunappleton, he was the member for York,-^ she a leader of fashion, painted by Romney and four timen by Sir Thomas Lawrence. " The Milners dined hero to-night. Lady Milner* was, as usual, conversable and pleasant, and the Dean has been highly anmsed by her." At last, but not until the end of October, this long and pleasant visit to Bishopthorpe came to an end. Mrs. John Markham went with the Mansfields to Scarborough, and then to pay a visit to Mr. and JSlrs. Mills, at Castle Eden, in Durham.'' From thence she made excursions to some old castles, and above all things enjoyed seeing Durham Cathedral, In Novem- ber, she was a fortnight at Becca Avith the William. Markhams. She found another baby, named Emma, • Lord f iraiitliiim was afterwards Earl do Grcj-, Lord Liculunant of Ireland, father of Lady Cowpc^r and Lady Mary Yynor. H(! died in 185!), ayed scventy-oiglit. His brother was tlie Chancellor of tho Kxche(jiicr Robinson, Trimo Jlinister for a few months as Lord ( loderich, and afterwards Earl of Iiipon ; father of tho present Marquis of Kipon. ^ Sir ^Villianl Milner, died in IKll. Lord St, Vincent, in a letter to his sister, dated September 18th, ISll, said, " I most sin- cerely lament the loss of Sir AVillam ]\lilner, whos; character was well defined in the newspaper, in a notice written much in the stylo of the Markhams. All of them entertained tho highest regard for Inm." * She was a Miss Sturt of Crichel. " A very few years back Lady Milner was admired as the most beautifid and most accom- jilished woman in the fashionable world, of which slio was at once the ornament and the leader." — (lintli'mau'a Mat/azi/ir, 1S08. » Alicia, third daughter of the Archbishop of York, married his chaplain, the Kev. 11. F. :Mills on November 'iTlh, 1794. Mr, Mills bad jn'operty in Durham, and was then chaplain to the chapel of St. dames at Castle Kdeii. It is a lovely spot near the sea, in a deep, wooded ravine, ten miles from Durham. 1 66 A Naval Career diirim^ the Old War. born on the 28th of the previous October, and two little boys. " I do think I never met with so fine a child as little Williuni, so good-tempered and pleasant." She improved her acquaintance with her sister-in-law. " Elizabeth and I walked this morning through the low wood, which is very pretty, round the farm by the bricks, on to Bramliam IMoor and theii home ; the most charming day. Elizabeth is charm- ingly interested about you, and shows the goodness of her heart every moment." Mrs. John Markluira was pressed very much to pay a visit to the Harewoods," but she was anxious to get to her old homo for the winter, and set out from Becca for Dynevor on December 5th. This time her Dynevor visit extended from Decemb(T to the end of February, nearly three months, and on March 1st, 1 799, she arrived at Portugal Street. One of the first things she did in London was to an-ange, in compliance with an earnest request, to have her miniature painted, to be sent out to the Centaur. " I have been to show my pretty face to Mrs. Mee ' {el-deoant Miss Fold- sone), and told her it was to send to you at sea. Iler price is thirteen guineas. I am to sit to her on Monday." It was finished by the end of March, and sent out.* " The box which contains my little self is ' Her brother Edwanl, aftcrwiirtls Dean of (iloiirfstor, was married in 1800 to Charlotte, dauyhter of General Lascelles, and nieco of Lord llarewood. ' This miniature painter was Anne, dauj^ditcr of Joliii Foldsone, himself a young artist. Slie had a inotlier, and many brutlieis and sisters to suiiport. Slie got tlie name of ^lee through marrying a man who pretended to family and fortune, and had neither. ,\1- though she painti'd many years heforc, she first e.xiiibited in ISIS. Mrs. Mee died at a great age in 1851. • It is now at Morlaiid. A Sai/or's Wife. i6; sont to tlio ciiro of tlio iiiiviil storrkt'opor iit Miiioi-ea, who sails in tlio " Cluiruu.'^ She sent out books that wero likely to interest her husband, or that wei'e bein<( nuich talked about, by evcsry opportunity. With lier niiiiiiiture she sent out the works of Mallet du Pan," which, she said, were well worth reading. News came suddenly, and at very uncertain inter- vals. " I was sitting ([uietly reading on my sofa," s\ns writes in April, " when I received a little note from Anne to say that they had borrowed a paper which contained an account of some pri/,es taken i»y the old CcntiHi ; so off I flew, as you may suppose, to feast my own eyes. I like your so neatly taking posses- sion of the vessels at Cambrils. It put us all in good spirits." In South Audley Street she met many interesting people, including the gallant Captain Riou, her husband's great friend. The Prince of Wales also dined there occasionally, but she felt provoked with his Royal Highness. He was so agreeable, so charming, so affectionate to the archbishop and his family, and yet she had heard how deploi-able his general conduct was known to be. In March, 171)9, Hoppner painted the fine portrait of the archbishop for the prince, which is now at Windsor ( ■astle, and she pronounced it to be charming and very like.' Mrs. John Markham went to parties occasionally with Lady Mansfield, but oidy dined at the houses of ' A iiiitivc of Geneva, born in 1749. lie was an al)le political Avritur, and settled in England, where he died in 1800. ' The prints from this picture are very scarce. The plate Iielcm^'cd to (ieorge IV. lie is said to have given one impression to Christ (,'hnrch College, one to each of the archbishop's sons, and then to have ordered the plate to be brtjken. i 1 68 A Naval Career diirius^ the Old War. licr own or her husband's relations and intimate friends. Among the latter wore his messmate, Lord Mark Kerr, and his old school-follow, Mr. Augustus Pechell.* There wore also pleasant days spent at Caenwood. In May — *' the Archbishop, Mrs. Markham, and tho Dean of Christ Church, have gone to Caenwood. Lord Mansfield is to drive Anne in his curricle, and we are all to meet at dinner in Portland Place." On Juno 15th, 1799, throe days before the Centaur captured tho three French frigates, she set out for Bishopthorpo, for her summer visit. She had been there just two months, passing tho time as happily as was possible for her under the circumstances, when news came that tho Centaur had anchored in Torbay. It was August lOth. Post-horses wore immediately ordered, and on tho same day the eager young wife started off in her carriage for tho south, as fast as such a conveyance over such roads would take her. The journey must have seemed interminable, and when at length she reached Exeter, she heard to her bitter disappoint- ment, that the Centaur had sailed again. But the joyful meeting was only postponed for a few weeks. The long separation had come to an end. ' Son of tho first haronct. lie was Reeoiver-Gcnoral of Customs. It is curious that his son, tho Rev. llonico Peclicll, married Lady Caroline, a daughter of Captain Markham's old friend, Lord Jlark Kerr. 1 69 CHAPTER XV. TlIK ISLOCKADE OF BREST. TiiR French fleet liiid given Lord Bridport the slip once, und, now that it was safe in Brest again, it was iinportant that the bkiekade should be maintained with greater efficiency. The Centaur was ordered to ■join the channel fleet, and when that ship arrived at Torbay on August 16th, 1799, she was almost imtno- diately sent to sea. Thus Captain Markham and his wife had to undergo a bitter disappointment. Mrs. Markham went from Exeter to Plymouth Dock and took lodgings at 40 George Street, waiting impatiently ■while he was obliged to cruise for a month with the fleet. At length, on October 12th, 1799, the C'eH/a^r an- chored in Cavvsand Bay, and went into Hamoaz^e on the 20th for a few days. Once more they were united, never again to be sepai*ated for so long a time. She remained at Plymouth until the following March, seeing hiiu occasionally whenever the ship put Mito Cawsand Buy, but it was more likely that Torbay would be the usual place for the cUc.i'.el fleet to anchor, and in February, 1800, he was at Torquay looking out for some com- fortable place of abode for his wife. At the northern end of Torbay there was then only a, little fishing hamlet, the residence of Mr. George i;o A Ntwa/ Ctinrr ihirins; the Ohi War Ciiry, iiiid niiiiH of the ablx-y,' uitli a park and fiiK' avi'iiuo of trees, and the clun-cli and vill!i,' Tor, lu'iicc califd Tor-Moliuii. Tiio abbey was fvciitiiaiiy inlicrited l)y tlio Carys, wiio built a modern house near the sea, and close to tho remains of tho old abbey. ° Liver was a bird, supposed to have lieeii a cormorant, or kind of diver. It oeeiirs in several names of jilaces • as Liverpool, Liver- mead, and Livenuero in Suffolk. This bird forma the crest, and is the principal charge in tho ov; i- f the city of Liverpool. [Page 171. i I The Blockade of Brest. i;i (captain Markliam hi rod Livcrmoud Cottage from Mi*. Mallock of Cockiiifjton Coirt from Mai-cIi, 1800, and his wife was soon comfortably estabhshed there.^ Bob, the dog, also came to Livermead. She now had the gratification of going on boai'd the Centaur, making the acquaintance of the officers — she already knew Mr. Kittoe, Mr. Grossott, and Mr. Croft — and of arranging her husband's cabin. He was to grow mustard and cress, mignonette, and other flowers in the stern walk ; one quarter-gallery was to be turned into a greenhouse; and her great delight was in growing vegetables and flowers in the little garden of Livermead Cottage, to send on board for the captain and officers when the ship came in. When the Centaur was away she wandered over the hills, worked in her garden, and on Sundays went to Tor Church, a mile inland. Often and often she climbed the hills to strain her eyes to the horizon over Berry Head, long- ing and half-hoping to see the wished-for sails. She also amused herself with sketching Livermead Cottage, Tor Church, and Berry Head from several points of view. The Carys of Tor Abbey, wdio Avere dis- tantly connected with Loi,'d St. Vincent, and called themselves ^ousins,* were very hospitable, and there ' LivcniiCiul Cottagp is still standing, near the railway statidii. Hero, at l.ivcrniead, Cliailes Kingslry and his family lived in liie, winter and sin-ing of 1854, and his reseaiehes at Livermead de- velojied into "The Wonders of the Shore" and "Gleaners." 8eo Life, i. 405—412. * The connexion ivas very distant, and throngii Lord St. Vincent's mother, rUizabeth Parker, sister of the Chief Jiaroii. Her lirst cousin, Ileleu Koberts (daughter of lu'r aunt, ^Mary I'arker, married to K. Roberts) was married to I'eter (lill'ard of Chilh'ngton. 'i'lieir son, Thomas (iiHanl, Lord St. Vincent's second cousin, married Krances daughter of Thomas Slonor of Stonor. After liis death she manied (.leorye Cary, Esii., of Tor Abbey. So tliat Mr. Cary wu: ^ ird St. 172 A Naval Career dnrino- the Old War. were some other wives of captains at Tor([iiay. Slio used sometimes to sit with Mrs. Stopford,* one I'eadinf^ aloud while the other worked. It had become a matter of extnjnie urgency that the blockade of Brest should be more efficiently conducted. It was undoubtedly very severe service. The officers and men were exposed to great danger and hardship without any compensating excitement, the work was terribly monotonous, and the long intervals at sea. on salt provisions, were prejudicial to health. The con- sequence of such a continuous demand on the highest qualities of good men, from all hands, was that there was much discontent, and some insubordination. The admiralty believed that thex'e was a deep-rooted spirit of sedition, and it was feared that there might be another outbreak of mutiny. The command of the channel fleet was not an enviable position under such circumstances. He who undertook it must have nerves of iron, unflinohing resolution, great knowledge and experience, and sound judgment. The government naturally turned to Lord St. Vincent. But he Avas at Bath desperately ill. Lord Spencer, the First Lord of the Admiralty, actually Vincent's second cousin's widow's second husliand. It w:is in'iu- ciioui^h to L-laini kindred wlicn tiie iieet was in Toil)ay. Mr. Cary died in 1805. JSy his lirst wife he liad two sons, ami a daiij^iiter Mury, married to John I'alnier Chiehester, Ksij., of Arlington Court, co. Devon. * Tliis is puzzling, for, according to tlie Peerage;*, Captain Stop- ford did not niurry until 1809. His wife, was Mary, daughter of Ailniiral Fansiiawe, Coniuiissiouer at Plymouth l)ocliyaril. Another daughter of Connuissioner Fanshawe was a very dear i'rieud of .^hu■ia Markiiani — Penelope, wife of C II. Duekwijrtii, wlio was slain at Allniera, the son of Admiral Sir Joim Duckwortii. Tliey liail au only daughter, Anno, born after her fatlu-r's deatli, and married to Sir Pohcrt Percy Douglas, Part. A tlurd Miss Fausliawe, Catharine, married Sir Thomas Pyam Martin. SS/upj ofthx, Urvt Leu Par (I One, Skip oftheUne [I'age 173. The Blockade of Brest. /v5 / r made a journey to Bath to see him personally, and ontreat him to undertake the command. There could be no doubt of the answer. " If the government needs my services," said the old warrior, " I go. It is of no consequence to me whether I die afloat or ashore." He got together as many officers as lie could from his old Mediterranean fleet, and hoisted his flag in February, 1800. George Grey," who held the same post in the Martinique expedition, was flag- captain, Mr. Tucker, secretary, and the gallant Troubi'idge, captain of the fleet. The flag-ship was the Ville de Paris, and tlie fleet consisted of forty sail of the line, in six squadrons, each under an admiral. Lord St. Vincent's first step was to reissue all the orders for ensuring discipline and the general good management of the ships that were in force in the Mediterranean. He ne: '^ framed rules for the con- duct of the blockade. The rendezvous was " well in with Ushant, with an easterly wind." The inshore squadron was to consist of five ships of the line anchored between Black Rocks and the Parquete, willi frigates and cutters cruising between them and the Goidet ; three line-of-battle ships to cruise between Ushant and Black Rocks ; one line-of-battle ship and one frigate to guard the " Passage du Raz '' and the Penmai'k Rocks, as well as the approach to Quimper, into which town the French endeavoured to throw Bui)plies from Nantes ; and one ship of the line on the coast of Morbihan, to mask L'Orient, and prevent sup- plies being sent round from Vannes. Frigates were to cruise all along the coast of the Bay of Biscay from Isle Dieu to Cape Finisterre. If the wind was westerly, • CrPiiti'il a liaroiii't in ISl t. Fatlior (jf the .statesman wIid was Home Secrdai'v IHK'.ni, isnr.-ns, aixl ISGlGfi; ami .lied in 1,^8:.', \ 74 A A'aval Career during the Old IVar. the orders were to make the Saintos as often a« tlio weatlier would permit. Whatexer the weather was, the whole fleet was to tack or wear once every iii<.'}it, so as to secure the actual presence of the bloekadin<( forc(f before the hostile port. Ships of war were periodie;ilIy to be sent to Cawsand Bay to rej)lenish and brinf( out stores. The blockade was fully established on these principles by the end of March. The ('cntaur was in the second division of the van or inshore sfpiadron, off the li^ack Rocks, or between them and IJshant, under the orders of Admiral Sir Alan Gardner,^ The seeds Captain ^larkham's wife had sown in the stern walk, especially the cress and parsley, were fast comins^ up. " Strange as it may seem, the sitrht, of the plants in the little greenhouse always makes me melancholy; I suppose from the idea of their having been your companions and favourites. I have to cojnplaiu of you for sending the asparagus. My dear gii-1, you would strip yourself of every comfort for me, and never think of yourself. The greatest pleasure I can ])ossibly have is to know that 3'ou are in want of nothing. It is strange that the only thing that I can ever find fault with you for, should be your too reat kindness and consideration for me. It is only a week since you sowed the seed. Mind you believe no reports or nonsense about us." Six weeks of monotonous blockading work passed away, and then the fleet was scattered by a furious gale on the 17th of May. Each ship was committed, i ' Afti'i'Viinls Lord Ciiinliier. Tlie inshoio sfniailron corihi.stcd of — K.rrgetal)les were frequently received from Tangiers, but (hiring the Brest blockade there was not a single mea. of fresh provisions served out for 120 days. Some cases of scurvy appeared in the F/Z/e dc Farh, others were reported on board some of the other ships, and they were getting worse and more numerous. Recourse was had to lime-juice.- This anti-scorbntic had been in nse since 179(), but Lord St. Vincent was the first to make it an inseparable irtiele of the seaman's diet after a certain period at sea. The order Avas that, after a month at sea, the daily allowance of each man for the next three weeks Avas to be one ounce of lime-juice and half an ounce of sugar, mixed in a half-pint bottle. After three weeks itwas to be served out every otherday until the ship returned to port. The first lieutenant, m.ister, and surgeon were to inspect the mixing and see that it was taken. Other precautions were ado[)ted. ]*roperly-fitted sick-bays were substituted for the old sick-berths behind screens. Ships' store-rooms and wings were rearranged with a view to improved ventila- tion. Dry scrubbing with sand and holystones, on the lower and orlop decks, was ordered instead of the pre- vious washing. More frequent airing of the bedding was v^iiforced, every week when the weather per- mitted. On September 2;]rd, 1800, an order was issued that all seamen were to be vaccinated who wished it. These and kindred arrangements were planned so j^ldiciously, and enforced with so much system and regidarity, that, when the fleet at length returned to Torbaj on October 19th, 1800, there were only N I7S A Naval Career dnriii}^ the Old War. sixtocn cases for \\w hospital out of the 2;},0()0 turn Avlio coii)|)oscm1 tlic floct. lint onco in port, the corn- inander-iii-chiet's pecuHarly strict notions of disciplino led him to issue orders which made him very un- popuhu". A captain of a line-of-hattle ship, with a party of marines under its captain and su])altern, was ordered to keep guard at tlio waterin<^ place at lirixliam nifjfht and day, to be reheved every twenty- four liours, and ca])tains were to perform this duty in rotation Tliey had to sleep under a boat's sail. No petty officer or man was to bo allowed to quit his boat on any pretence whatever. The next order Was still more unpleasant. It was that no officer, of whatever rank, was to sleep on shore, and that leave was only to be given between sunrise and sunset. This order was communicated to captains privately, and to all other officers by a general circular. Finally, an order came out forbidding all officers to go further from tho beach than Upper Brixham and Paignton. The com- mander-in-chief then went to live on shore with tho Carys at Tor Abbey, which he considered to bo within his own rule. The Centnur was off Ushant again from October 24th to November 1 1th, when she put into Cawsand Bay, and she at lengtl got a spell in Torbay from November 27th until December 2()th. This was another happy time at Livermead Cottage, which in- cluded Christmas Day — very pleasant in spite of tho vexatious orders ; but on tlie 27th the ship was again sent to sea, to cruise off Brest until tho 12th of January. Captain Markham's orders were to proceed at once to join the advanced squadron off the Black Rocks, take under his command the Wdrric)' and The Blockade of Brest. 179 1 'SI Ih-jhiiH'e, and intercept u sciuadron which was pre- parinn; to ])ut to sea at Iir(>st. liord St. Vincent's connnand of the Channel fleet had histed nearly a year. lie had kept up the lire.st blockade! with <^reat strictness, and for an unbroken s[)ell Avhich was unpai'alleled. He had restored order and discipline to a somewhat disorj^'auized fleet, and had maintained it Avith unbendiiif^ firmness. ]iy his wise Ranitary measures and the watchful care with wdiich ho enforced them, he had kept the men, under ])ecnliarly unfavourable circumstances, in fair health. lie had not been sparin<^ of i)unishinents, though there had only been two courts-martial. But he felt that ho could not have secured these results unless there had. been very zealous and intelligent co-operation on the part, both of the best of the officers and the best of the men. He wished, before leaving the fleet, to bestow soine token of recognition on those Avho had given him this support. He causeil a silver medal to be struck, with a design and motto furnished by the Countess Hpencer,'' and adapted to the occasion ; Avhich ho gave as a i-eward for good, conduct to a number of selected seamen and marines. He also ])resented a largo gold medal to those officers of all ranks who had served under him, and with whose conduct he was most pleased. Captain Markhum of the Ci'iitaar received one,' and also Lieutenant Grosett of the same ship. Earl St. Vincent accepted the office of First Lord of the Admiralty in the administration formed by Mr. • Laviiiia, dauyhtor of tho Karl of Lucan, married Lord Sponcer in 1781, and dii^d in 18.31, two months Ijeforo liiu' golden wedding-day. Her grandson, Captain E. E. Quin, E.X., was married to Captain ^larkham's great-niece, 8elina, on Jtmc 1st, 1852. ' .N'ow at Morland. N 2 i8o / Navai Career duritt}^ llic Old II 'nr A(l(Hn<^toii ill I"\'l>fuury, IHOI, and lie had tlio iioiiiina- tioii oF the naval lords. Hc> natin-ally soloctod otticor.s who had hcen lonj,' niuhT his oyo, who had sorvod with him dni'in<; both his Atc'diteiranoan and Channel com- mands, and of wlios(! jndj^nuMit and abilities he had the iii^hest opinion. His choice fell ii{)on Tronl)rid pai'ted from his shipmates with feelinfi^s of regret, but he frequently received news of them from Cajitaiii liittieliaU's. For several he had formed a lasting friendship, and to not a few, both olHcers and men, he was able to give a Ivjlping hand in after years.'' Many happy hours had been passed in the cosy little rooms of Livermead Cottage, and the temporary home was always remembered with pleasurible feelings. Husband and wife left Torquay nev^: to be parted again, except for a day or tAvo at a time, until they ,vere separated by death. The young wife looked forward to her future with the brightest anticipations.' ' In 1803 till! Ci-iit'tiir borajiic the flai^-slii]! of Coinmoiloro Samnul Hood in the West IndieH, Murray ^faxwell, captain. ' Before coming to London, Cai)tain Markliani lost hoth his old unclps, his fatiier's brotlicrs. Colonel Enoch Jlaikhani died on Christmas Day, 1800, aged seventy-three. He was buried on January 2nd, 1801, near his father, on tho north side of tho cloister of West- minster Abbey, Mith tho colours of th(! lllJtii Regiment, which he liad raised, wrapped round his l)ody. (ieorge Markham, who had long been an invalid, died on January 31st, 1801, aged seventy- eight, and was buried near his brother on February Gth. i u o H CO M <1 E3 □ o 5 at 60 o '3 & w 5 "^ J, o> c b I 00 a 2 i '" « ■== 4j O a 'A s IS :^ 1-- i> 1-1 « -* c ; a ill i 71-3 13 3 J3 J) D C C C •< D 9 . -• -5 e e S: o j; • .0 .- -a a ' a ^^S=o 1 (9 O •c o s .a t o •fl.S ■c •a s SO |.i ^ « « c a a c g T w ^ *j w 3 .S O *' O o O • 13 a 8 c '5 CO ■''^ .a 3~ 2 "o a « ^ • • e 3 rt_:2 a a ^ < - S (;. O >'. c a. O C t-. •a a C3 P m « J. oa §■3 C 13 0) Oj s; ^ O Ho I 3 a -1 C. CI ~ ^ -- I'l Ci •'' -: C ■< /. 4 S5 —I — 71 »l 71 Tl K «C "t IfS I- » QC X X X » X iC Si Ol i>. i- I- f. i- 1-. I- 1'. I- !>■ r- •"•-J Z!7I — CC-J C5X - - t,. . O - ^3 to ^-s •<•< « JS JS" § 3 3 1-5 f<-, 1^. ^ i-S i-S C; Oi r-t r-4 71 71 71 M C7 f7 1^ i» XX cc X Tj X r: ci •- 1» 1^ 1^ t^ i^ J- 1~ i~ i» to a -r; •f I- s C31 7) I* C9 "W 2 a ra I. K "-^ is j£ I- i ■a -a a.« ^-'' a ■3 § e £. ?>^ := -c -2 S 3.^ '3 3: a « 1 .fee S C3 l>.CO l82 A Naval Career during the Old War. CHAPTER XVI. A LORD OF TTIE ADMIRALTY, (18th Folmiiiry, 1801— 15th May, 1«04). 1\[r. Pitt lind resigned bv;cause tlie king would not yield anything to tlie Roman Catliolics. The union was concurred in by the Irisli people chiefly from the liiipo being lield out to them of Catholic emancipation. Pitt declared that he could not continue to conduct the government if he was prevented from realizing the hopes he had allowed the Irish to entertain. The Speaker, Mr. Addington, was urgently entreated by the kinald in Essex, tw^o miles from Brentwood and about seventeen from London. Here he passed much time even when in office, transacting business by ■ All (jstale Mliit'li hail liecu iiiheritod by Laily St. Vincent — lands foiiuerly belongin;.; ti> A\'altliaiu Aljlu'v. 184 A Naval Career during the Old War. correspondence with Captain Markliara, between whom and tlie First Lord there was now perfect comnumion of sentiment on pnblic matters, and a warm private friendship. Sir Thomas Trouhridge had been the First Lord's captain of the fleet at the blockade of Brest, the friend of Nelson, and a most gaUant officer. He was the senior sea-lord, and efficiently condncted the work con- nected with the personnel of the navy. Of the civilian members of the Board, Sir Phillip Stephens had long been Secretary to the Admiralty, and Mr. Eliot was afterwards Earl St. Germans. They were both members of the former Board nnder Lord Spencer, in Mr. Pitt's administration. Mr. Gartshore was a' old schoolfellow of Captain Markham at West- minster ; the son of a physician in London, he travelled with Lord Dalkeith as liis tntor after leaving Oxford, and was afterwards pi'ivate secretary to ]\lr. Dnndas Avhen he was Minister at War. He had been in Parliament since 1705, and was now abont thirty-six years of age, and a man of talent and industry.'* Mv. Evan Nepean was Secretary to the Admiralty, and Air. Tncker, who had been Secretary to the Com- mander-in-Chief of the channel fleet, continued as Private Secretary to the First Lord. The new Board of Admiralty first met on the 18th of Februarv, 1801. In those days the civil administration of the navy, including contracts and sujjply of stores and provisions, as well as the woi'k of the dockyards, was iinder a separate Board of Commissioners, presided over by the " ^tr. (liiit.'^lioie iiuu'iicd Miss Cliiilii', ii dinii^litrr of tlic wiiiii iiicndiuiit,. (iiii'f fur lici' ilt'iitli, wliicli linii|ii'ii('il in 1801, drove him out (if liis mind, iiiid ln' dii'(| in A|iiil, ISOG, :^ A Lord of the Admiralty. iS: ('omptroUer of the Navy, called tlie Navy Bnavd. These ])ermanent officials, althougli iioiuiiially sub- ordinate to the Admiralty, acted as if they were practically independent, and much of the waste and peculation Avas due to their negligence, ignorance, and incapacity. The Comptroller was S'" Andrew S. Hamond, Captain Markham's old commander in the Jliiehuclc. As the repi'cscntative of the Navy Board, he soon quarrelled with Lord St. Vincent, and the pro- ceedings of the Junior Lords were ecpially disliked by this repi-esentative of routine and circumlocution. AVith a character deteriorated, and judgment warped and dwarfed by years passed in a public office, the jobbing old Comptroller was a very different man from the dashing captain of the Uochnch. The first work of the new Cabinet Avas to compl-.'te the equipment and despatch of the expedition to the Bidtic, Avhich had been planned by the former govern- ment, with the object of breaking up the northei'u confederacy. This was very efficiently done, and ade(iuate results w^ere secured by the victory of Nelson at ('openhagen. But, amidst rejoicings for this success. Captain Markham had to mourn the loss of his dear friend, the brave and accomplished Riou.^ iSoonal'ter- * Ciiiitaiii Eioii was also intimate witli i\w rest of tlie archliishoii's fiunily, an. I ol'tch diniMl in Snulli Amlli'v Stri'd. Ividii, or KIlmix, was tlic name of an ancient family, whoso estates at Vernoux, in Laiij^uetloc, were forfeited at the Kevo(^ation of tlie Edict of Nantes. I'l^tienne Kiou h'ft Fraiice wiien eleven years old, witii liis uncle, Mattiiieu J.aiirune, who estiihlished himselt at lierne as a merchant. In his ninetcenlli year Ivsti(.'nne joined tlie l'',nj;lish army in I'ieilmonl, under the l)uke of Schomherg, enterinj,' the Iliinuimot vegimijut of Lord dalway as a eadet, and sirving at the siege of C'assale. In 1608 he accompanied his uncle to London, where they he^an l)U>inc.-.> as jiariners in ITOU, ami \\ci'c \ery ouecessful ner- 1 86 A Naval Career during the Old J Far. wards came the news of Lord Keith's successes on the const of Egypt, of tlie landing at Aboukir and tlie battle of Alexandi'ia. ]int ])i"eliniinarics of peace began to be discussed in Octobei', hostilities virtuidly ceased, md the peace of Amiens was signed on March 2Gth, J. 802. Most of tlie ships were ])aid off, and the Board of Admiralty was able to give its undivided attention to the condition of the civil departments. Their lordships were thwarted at every turn by the Navy Board. The officials disliked being disturbed ; any discovery of cases ov peculation and waste Avould reflect upon them ; their su})ine negligence would be Jllscovered, their ignorance exposed, and they were also influenced by feelings of mortified vanity. They wished everything to go on in the old grooves. What was good enough for Pitt and Dundas, ought to satisfy St. Vincent. But they had found their match. cliiuits. Esticiuic, wlii'ii in lii.s fortieth your, iniinicil ^rMilelciiic, ila!i;,'liti'r (if Cliiistdiiiicr liaudoiii, ;i loi'iij^co gcntlcmiui fniiu I'ouniine. His son, St('])heii, oiitcicd tliu aniiy, und accoinjiiinied Sir Ko'iert Kciv I'oitcr ill liis ciiiliassy tit Cdii.stantinoplt'. His sons were itis- tinLCuisliccj (jlliceis. I'liilip, tlic clddsl, was a colonel , was Sir (J. Saxtou, Bart. In 1806 he was ■■^ucoeeded by Sir George Grey until 1808. A Lord of the Admiralty 189 cart'fully discussed all tho infomation tlioy had collected, the Board recorded anotlujr niinute on October 15th, as follows : — " Having had under consideration the minutes of the Lords during their visitation of the dockyards, tho Board observe with extreme concern that tho Navy Board had neglected to investigate frauds reported to them, but on the contrary had shown a disposition to cover and pass over irregularities. A letter to bo written to the Navy Boai'd signifying the Board's high disapprobation of their conduct, and reprimanding them. By their failure in the execution of their duty the public has been defrauded to u very considerable amount, and delinquencies have been passed u.>- ])unished." The Board decided that the evil to be cured was so gigantic in its proportions as to be beyond their unaided powers. They came to the conclusion that a Parliamentary Commission was necessary, to inquire into the whole naval civil branch, and that it was essential that it should be empowered to summon and examine witnesses on oath, which the Boai'd was not, as well as to call for all accounts and documents. The names of tho commissioners should form part of the bill creating the commission, both to prevent any suspicion of jobbing, and to give an opportunity for a discussion of the merits and qualifications of each one. Lord St. Vincent brought the matter before tho Cabinet without delay. Mr. Addington's Government has not the credit for energy or resolution ;" but it had ' Prime Minislev . Lord Clianci'll.ir riesiiU'iit of the Council Mr. Aiklington. Lord Eldon. Duke of Portland. igo A Naval Career during the Old IVar. at least one luenibcr who was renowned above most of Lis contemporai*ies for tliose qualities. Such an attack upon j)ul)lic otHces and vested interests startled and frijj^htened the cabinet. The measure was op- posed, and eventually the First Lord was told by his colleagues that they would not consent to it, Lord Ehlon alone supi)orting him. lie reported the I'esult to the Board, and all the loi'ds agreed that the measure was absolutely necessary. Lord 8t. Vincent, therefore, informed his colleagues that unless the measure he proposed was adopted he could not continue to be a member of the Cabinet. Both he and the other lords of the Admiralty would feel it to bo their duty to resign. The ministry then reluctantly yielded. But Lord Eldon inserted a clause iti the bill, allowing a witness to withhold an answer which might criminate himself. Captain IMarkham had the important duty of intro- ducing the bill, and of managing its passage througli the House. Mr. Abbot, his old schoolfellow at AVestminster, was the Speaker. From the ministry, although it was nominally a government measure, ho Lfinl Privy Seal Adiiiiiiilty .... Secretary of State, lldine . „ Fcircij,'!! „ Colon iorf Eoard of Control Secretary at AVar Secrijtary for Ireland . Po-ftniaster-C leneral Treasurer of the Navy Secretary of the Treasury . J) Attorney-Ceneral S<>li<'itor-(!enovid r.ovd "Westmoreland. Loi'd St. Vincent. Lord Pelliatn. Lord Hawkeshury. Lord IJid)art. Lord Lewisliani. Mr. C. Yorke. Vlx. Wickliani. Lord Auckland. Mr. Tierney. ^fr. Vansittart. Mr. Sargent. :\lr. Law. Mr. S. Percival. A Lo7'(i of t/ic Admiralty. 191 could only expect a lukewarm su])])ort, besides, except Mr. Addington and Lord Ilawkesbury, all tlii> niem- Ixn-s of tlie Cabinet were in the House of Lords. Mr. Tierney, however, the Paymaster of the Navy, and Mr. Law, the Attorney-(!fiieral," were warm supporters. The conduct of Mr. Pitt and his immediate followers was becoming more than ambiguous. To say the least, the late Prime Minister's neutrality Avas more inclined to be hostile than friendly, while Canning was actually aggressive. I'he Navy Board was strongly represented in the House. The Comptroller himself had a seat, and the jobbers and contractors all had their representatives. Even some naval men, especi- ally Admiral Berkeley, were on the side of the Navy Board. Mr. Fox, the leader of the opposition, was impartially neutral and observant. But Sheridan was very friendly, and Captain Markham could rely upon the support of ]\Ir. Charles Grey, son of the gallant general with whom he served at Martinique," and brother of the First Lord's old flag-captain and friend, George Grey. It was on December 13th that Captain Markham rose to call the attention of the House to the neces- sity for inquiring into naval abuses, and for leave to bring in a bill. The task he had undertaken was a formidable one. Before him were the two greatest statesmen of the age, Pitt and Fox, one hostile and the other critically neutral, and around him were men whose eloquence and debating power had made their ' Mr. Law laecaim^ Lord Chief Justico, and wa« created Lord Elleiiljoniugh in Ajirii. ' General Sir Charles Grey was created Haron Grey of Howick on Jun.' iJ.-Jrd, ISOl, and Earl Grey April 11th, 180G. He died Xovein- lier 14th, 1807. 192 A Naval Career during the Old War. names fiunous. (^iiitc unaccustomed to address such an assembly, he relied only on his knowledge of tlio subject, and on the justice of his cause. He began his speech by assuring the House that the present Admiralty had no thought of throwing any reflection on its predecessors, that they appreciated the great services of Lord Spencer during the war, and that two of his colleagues were actually members of the present Hoard. But an interval of peace was th(3 fitting time for the proposed investigation, and for correcting abuses, many of which liad crept into existtnce when the whole attention of the authorities was devoted to warlike operations. He then described the system of jdunder, robbery, and wo^.o which had been discovered during his visit to the dockyai-ds in the preceding August, and impressed the House with the urgent necessity for inquiry. He explained that a commission was necessary, because the investigation wotdd call for the undivided time and attention of able men for many months, and because it would bo essential that they should have special powers. Ho concluded by moving for leave to bring in a l)ill lor the appointment of commissioners to ijniuirc into abuses, frauds, and irregulainties practised in several naval departments, and into the business of prize- agents, and to report the same to the House, with recommendations for the prevention of such frauds and abuses in future. The friends of the Navy Board continued the debate. Earl Temple ® objected that sufficient detail respecting the alleged abuses had not been given to the Ho )se, ° A young mail of twoiity-six, who succct'ilcd liis futlier as Munpiis of Iiuckiiigham in 1813, ami was created Duke of Buckingliain in 1822. A Lord of the Admiralty '93 and Adinirnl Tiorkclcy ' siiiil llint tlio work could best ho (loiu! ]»y tlic Nnvy Board, invested with tlie needful jiowor. Sir Andrew Ifamond then I'oso to assure the House tluit lie and his {'olloafj^ues were liouo'ind)!!; and liberal men, full of zeal and ardour, who had always done everything in their power to remove abuses. After a brief reply by Mr. Addington, the motion was put, and leave was given to bi'ing in the bill. It Avas brought up and read a first time. Next day Captain Markham moved the second read- inass, but that it shoidd be suffered to j)ass with applause and gratitude. It is said that the Navy Board has always had powers adequate to the correction of abuses. If that Jioard has had such powers, and has neglected to exert and apply them, that is the very strongest reason why those powers should now be lodged in other hands. In Lord Spencer's time a statement was made that the amount of plunder and embezzlement in the navy departments was fully 3,000,000/. a year. TiCarned gentlemen object that the bill is ci) post facto. Undoubtedly it is so. If you had lost your purse on the road, how would you go about to find it ? Would you not go back the way you came ? So it is now with us. Sir, I give my * Frciiili Laurence, LL.I).,au eniiuciit civilian, niunibi'r for I'eti'r- Imrough from 1796 to his ilcath in 1809. He was one of Eilmuml IJurko's literary executors, and at one time there was a hope that Laurence would write a life of his i'riend. o 2 196 rl A^aval Career dnrino the Old War. fullest approbsition to the bill, ami I hope that the sif^nal for the reformation of abuses, hoisted at the masthead of the Admiralty, will be answered and car- ried into execution throughout all the naval depart- ments." The bill was then read a third time, and on December 20th Captain Markham, with several other members, brought it up to the Houkc of Lords. Owing to the illness of the First Lord, the bill was introduced and explained by Lord Pelham, the Home Secretary. Lord Nelson then rose, and gave it most cordial support. *' Every man knows that these abuses do exist, and I trust that there is none among us who would not gladly do all that can be constitutionally effected to correct t}\em. Fear has been expressed of the powers given to the commissioners, but the per- sons named in tlie bill are men whose characters are above all suspicion of indiscretion or malice. I can affirm, my lords, that the necessities and the wrongs of those employed in the naval service of their country most loudly call for the redress wh^cli this bill pro- poses. From the highest admiral to the poorest cabin- boy, there is not a man that may not be in distress, yet with largo sums of Avages owing to him. My lords, he cannot obtain payment by any diligence of request, his entreaties will be answered with insults at the proper places for application, '^ he come not with particular recommendations for a preference. From the highest admiral to the meanest seaman, whatever the sums of prize-money due to him, no man can tell when he may securely call any part of it his own. Are these things to be tolerated ? Is it for the interest, is it for the honour of the country that they should not be as speedily as possible re- A Lord of the Admiralty. 197 divssod ? " The Duko of Chiroiica then moved tlie rcyoction of the bill, but without success, and on December 29th tlio King, by commission, sirnified his Hsseut, and it became law. By the Act, the Commissioners for making inquires into irregularities, frauds, and other abuses in the naval departments, were Sir Charles Pole, Mr, Ley- e ster, Mr. Ewan La-.v, Mr. Ford, and Captain Nicholls, H.N. The departments to be investigated were those of the Navy Board, of the Treasui'er of the Navy, of the V^ictualling Bdird, of the Sick and Hurt Board, of the the Transport Loard, of the Commissioners for the receipt of sixpences from mei"eh ant-seamen for Green- wich Hospital, of the chest at Chatham, of the dock- yards, of the hospitals and prisoners of war, and of the prize-agencies. The Con\missioners were, from lime to time, to repoit their proceedings to Parliament, with recommendations for the correction of abuses. They were empowered to send for any person or per- sons whomsoever, and for any books, papers, records, or accounts relating to the above departments ; and they were tc examine witnesses on oath. But no person was to be compelled to answer any question which would criminate him or expose him to pains and penalties. The Commissioners were authorized to employ necessary clerks and messengers, and the Treasury was empi W'ered to pay Sfilaries, not exceeding 2000/,, out of the consolida*^' .1 fund. The office of the Commission was in Great George Street, and work was commenced with great diligence in February, 1808. The reports of the Commissioners were received with astonishment by Parliament, and c eated a great sen- sation throughout the country. Meanwhile the Admiralty was fully occupied with tqS A Naval Career during the Old War current business, and in preparations for renewinp^ the war Avith France. Lord St. Vincent was not found unprepared when the Avar broke out afresh on May 16th, 1803; for ho had never so diminished the naval armaments as to be disabled from an immediate resumption of liostilities. The statements of his enemies to the contrary av •'' untrue. Within forty- eight liours of the decl; ■ jf war, Admiral Corn- wallis was blockading Brest with thirty-three sail of tlio line, and the blockade was soon extended from the Texel to Toulon. Lord Xelsou hoisted his flag on board the Victory, and that fleet was placed under his orders, Avitli which, two years afterwards, he won the battle of Trafalgar. Lord Keith Avas entrusted Avith tlie command of a smaller fleet in the North Sea, and Avith the Avork of organizing the coast defences, includ- ing the mouth of the Thames. He hoisted his flag at the Kore on May 18th, 1803, and planned, in consulta- tion Avith the Admiralty, a schem*^ fov securing the services of a large flotilla of gun ])'^■ ' • ain' armed row- boats, in case the enemy, during a c 'i, py)osition foi* some months, lie i-ecoivcd tlio followin*^ letter from Mr. Tucker, Lord St. Vincent's old secretary. It was dated December 24th, 180-i. " I know not how to begin to tell yon a history which is very trne, although you cannot fail to hesitate giving credit to it. Sir Charles Pole was yesterday sent for to Richmond Park,' in order to be the vehicle of communicathig to the chief "- that Mr. Adtlington had consented to join Mr. Pitt, and the late Admiralty, I believe of all the late 5 dministration , are excluded. Sir Charles has gone down to the chief, and Sir Thomas'* has gone with him. To bring about this extraordinary act, the irritation of the king's mind has been stated to be such that nothing but Mr. Addington's quieting it in this manner, by joining Mr. Pitt, would prevent the worst consequcnices that can be ay)prehended. In fact, without some accession Mr. Pitt could not have stood a month. Mr. Adding- ton says that he stipulated, as a mie qua non, that you, Sir Thomas, and myself should be provided for. ' Lord Siiliiioutli's, then ]\rr. Addiiigton. ■ Loid St. Viiu'cut Troubriil';(', In Opposition. J07 If tliey moan by provision tlio stickino^ you and Sir Tlioinas into tlio Cliannel or Nortli Soa fleet, ])erliaps neither of yon will feel much obliged ; and as to the otliers, 1 l)elieve tliero iias becni sonic pledge given, and tlu'y are bound to do something for each, by every obliga- tion of promise, honour, and justice. I have been pro- mised it these six months, and what pledge shall we now have more than I had then. But nothing has come of it. " Sir Thonias is devoured with rage and chagrin. After this, I believe, we must not put trust in any man. I am told the Navy Board are chuckling, and mean to attack us for not having bought ships when we might have got them for 24/. per ton, and now they are going to give 34/., which they say is all our fault. However, I think we can give them such a history of the dockyards as will stagger the kingdom. When Sir Thomas returns I shall know all particulars, and know what answer the chief has given, and no doubt you will hear it from him. " Believe me, your obliged and most faithful, " B. TUCKKK." Mr. Tucker's news was quite correct. Mr. Adding- ton took office in the next month, in ]\[r. Pitt's Cabinet, as President of tiio (.'ouncil, and was created Viscount Sid mouth. Neither Loi'd St. Vincent nor Admiral Markham would have accepted anything from them on any consideration ; and the old earl's reply to the announcement of Mr. Addington Avas, no doubt, emphatic and plain-spoken. In order to justify their attacks on the late Admiralty, the new government began to spend money recklessly, ordering ships at ruinous j)rices from private contractors, buying useless small craft, 308 /*. 1 A^ava/ Career during the 0!d War. biiildi inartc'llo towers, and dii^'giti}^ a ditch in Rom- npy Mnvsli. All money thrown away. In May, ISOI", Lord Molvillc, perhaps by way of carryinanion's Avaf,'es \ver(> kept at C'liatliam in a cliest witli five keys. Here scandalous frauds Avere exposed. Wounded seamen, from wliat- ever distanci . were ordere(| to report themselves per- sonallv ^(•t out ol ."iLlO.) jiensions, only :]()9 were paid to claimants in ])erson. '^Plie I'est went to land- sharks who nad cajoled the ritihtful owners out of pow (>rs o f att ornev he or( ler t( tl IV me men a t tl len- places of abode put a sto[) to this, and the chest was transfeiTod to Greenwich. The Third Eeport was on the contract for l)locks, -bral' kes. ]\li ^poi oa])stan-bai'S, liandspikes, and ])umi Walter Taylor, of Southanijiton, represented that he had been contractor for blocks since 1702, and that all im])roveir)ents, especially in sheaves and pins, had been made by him. He inemoriali/ced the Navy Board to prevent the contract from beinjj^ taken from him. Lord St. VinccMit, howevcM-, decided that the block machinery invented by ^ti*. Ib-unel should be esta- blished at Portsmouth. The Navy Board huudied at the notion of an oval thin<^ being turned by machinery, and were very witty over such an idea ; but, neverthe- less, the machiiiery was set up and has })een at work ever since. The Commissioners found that in the cooperage department at Deptford, for one piece of work 1020/. were charged, which had cost 37/., and in another case 2()-'")0/. were charged for what really cost 227/. r^ fitting five ships Avith the Avooden hoops then p 2 lO A N^aval Career during the Old War used for masts, 720 were charged and 192 I'cceivcd. '^IMie.^c arc oidy a fcAV examjAcs out of a long- list. Tho Fourth Repoi't was on prize ag'encies. It Avas found that seamen were habitually defrauded by delays and evasions. The Avant of a prize list from any one ship in a fleet delayed payment for six or seven years. In the case of the l\i'o,s'//i'/r/o investigations. But Admiral ]\liirkham stood manfully to his guns. On March 1st, 180'"', when a debate was raised on the Commissioners of Naval Inquiry, ho highly applauded their labours. " One- third of the naval expenses of the country," he said, " might be savt 1 by an honest and upright discharge of their duties by officials. Tlie Sick and Wounded Office, wiiich he had no hesitation in pronouncing the most corrupt of all, had still to oe examined, and would now occupy the Commissioners." The Sick and Wounded Office, and hospitals generally, was the subject of the Seventh Report, which was sub- mitted to Parliament soon after tlie date of Admiral Markham's speech. In this de])artment there was waste, corruption, aiid neglect. On board one ship for sick prisoners of war, the surgeon's chief ai-.sistant kept a table for the officers at a cost of 2000/. a year. The wretches in the ward-room consumed the very articles sup[)lied for sick prisoners. The charge of prisoners of war, when wounded and sick, had fallen into the hands of a set of villains whose consciences wei'c proof against pity. The Eighth Report was on the coopernge department at Plymouth. Among other abuses, it was found that Government casks Avere stolen wholesale ; sixty-four wei'e detected in one brewery. The Ninth Report was on the receipt and exi)cnditr.re /;/ Oppositiou. 21 of stores. Here tliere was rather loss fraud and col- lusion than in the other departments. The Teiitli Rc])ort was on the office of the Treasurer of the Navy. This office had been held by Mr. Diindas from 178:3 to 1801, a very lucrative post, with ai)art- ments in Somerset House, which he kept his hold ou during the time that he was also Homo Secretary in 1:^91-94; President of the Board of Control, 178:3 — 1 ; (j .' :" and Secretary for Colonies and War, 179-4 — 1 80] . His conduct would not boar investigation. He refused to give full information. He had appointed one Alexander Trotter as paymaster, and allowed him to keep the public money at his private banker's. Among other sums there were two missing, Avhich made a total of 20,0('()/, Dundas was now Viscount Melville, and Fi'- ^ T.ord of the Ailmiralty. He cou.h^ not, or would not , account for these sums, but confessed what was self-e lent, tluit they had not Uetu expended on the navy, r he pu^iose for which they were entrusted to him. He screenc'l himself 'ehind the clause in the Act which allowed him to refuse to criminate himself. On June 11th, 1805, ho wn^ piM-mit kmI to address the House of Commons in his U'nc(\ He did so for two hours, standing behind a chaii* whicli had been placed for him inside tho bar. As for the missing 20,000/., he said that, being at that timr .trusted with the con- fidential management of ti ivuig's interests in Scot- land, he had applied the money in a way which no consideration should induce him to reveal." " His speech did not improve his cause. There was a tone ' Lord Sydney was at. lirst nominally President, I mt Dundas had tlio real pnwcr as the wnrkinj; ( 'd in a ne Jiiorandnm dated the same day. He said that he //' <• A jMr. Jeffrey spoke ' Sl'I' iiUo 'Mlrciivilk' .Mciuuir.-^,'' \ul. iii. \: .OJ. 2l8 ./ Naval Career during the Old War. against Lord St. VinocMit. ITo in f?oing to move for papers to-morrow, a list of which ho is to let me lmv(^ to-day. We had some skirmishing, and I was called to order four times, not for warmth or any improper expressions, but for referring to subjects which the motion before the House did not justify. In the opinions uf Charles Grey,^ Tierncy," and Pole (^utw,* I was fairly in order, so I persisted and cared not one jot for the whole of them." ^ Next day Mr. Jeffrey moved for papers relating to Lord St. Vincent's administration, and the admiral did not oppose. ]Ie oidy required that the question shoidd be fairly, fully, and impartially discussed. On June 25th ho moved for further papers to make the return complete, which Jeffrey opposed, declaring that Lord St. Vincent was the worst enemy the country ever had. Admiral Markham replied warmly, showing the ground of the attack to bo that more rotten useless ships had not been ordered in private yards, and that Jeffrey was a tool of the Navy Board and the contractors. The admiral's motion was agreed to on July 8rd, Jeffrey comphiining that the sole design of calling for moi'o papers was to gain time. The attack on Lord St. - Tlie future Prime Minister iis Earl (Irey. " George Tierney, Ixirn in London, 1750; at Cumliridge, and called to the l)ar. In 1796 ^r.P. for Southwark, a AVhij;, an alile deliutcr, and one of the niost foriuidalde opponents of J'itt. In 171)8 ho fought a duel witli Pitt, hut neitiu r was liurt ; 1802, Treasurer of the Navy ; 180G, President of the IJoard of Control ; 1827, Master of the :\Iint. He died in 1830. * KcLjinald Pole Curew, horn 17r)2, took the additional name of C'ai-.v, m eomplianee with the will akened. After ^Nfr. Pitt's death his immediate followers could not carry on the govern- ment, and Loril Ifawkesbui'y, when sent for by the king, tleclined to make the attempt. He accepted the wardensliip of the Cinque Ports instead. On January 2Gth, 180(3, the king was obliged to send for Lord Grenville, whose opuiion'was known to be that, at such a time, all the talent of the country should combine to serve it in the hour of dang^'r. On this point his views were diametrically opposed to those ol Mr. Pitt, ard this was his reason for decliningf to join the government in 18UJ-. He fi-ai'kly told the king that if he undertook to form a government he must consult Mr. Fox. The answer was, " [ thouirht so, and 1 meant it so." I'irst Si a Lord. 2 2 I On these pi'inciples tlie GuveriimeJit known ns "All tlie Tiileiits" was formed.' It included tlie (ironvilles; file Whigs who liud followed Burke in su|)])ortinilriiiiiit Seiri'tary for Iicland IJoard of Control lioard of Ti'adc .Si'ciL'iary at War . Treasurer of Navy . I'ostmastcr-flcMicral . I'ay master of Forces Lords of Treasury . Secretary of Treasury Attorney-General . Solicitor-General Lord Greinilic. Lord Krskiiic. Lord ]'"it/.\viiliam. Lord Sidinimtli. Lord Kilenl)oronj,di. Lord Jlciiry Petty. lion. (J. ( Iiey. Larl Spenci'r. :\rr. Fox. ^Ir. Wiudliaiii. Lord ^loira. Duke of I'.edford. ]\rr. J'llliot. Mr. ' Grenville. Lorn Auckland. .Mr. Fitzpatrick. "My. Sheridan. Lord Puckinghanisliiro. Earl Teini)le. Lord Althorpe. Mr. "Wickliam. Mr. Courtcnay. Mr. Freiiiantle. Sir A. Pigot. Sir S. Romillv. 222 A Nixval Career diirinc (he Old War. (■liiirloH T'ol(>, Avlio li:i(l so /calously iuid usefully prc^- sidcd over the Coiiiiiiissioii of Nuvid liKniiry, was next. oH'ci'od a seat at tlio Hdanl ; but Ium-c a (lucstiou of prc'codoncc arose. Sir Charles wi'ote to Adiiiii'al Mark- ham : — •* You will of course kuow that Mr. Grey has made a proposal to mo to take a seat at the Hoard of Avliich you are to bo oue. I need nut say how satisfactory that would be to me, if it were at nil compatible with my position to take a place below Sir Harry i\e;de, lu* beiufi^ a captain — your oracle - (iecl;"'e'.s that to bo the rule. I cannot detain the mossen er but to assure you how happy I should be to sit thus : ^[arkham, I'ole, Neale. I think Sir Phili]) did say, on Colpoys comiut^ to the Board, the rule of always following the patent was not unalterable." This difficulty was easily got over, and Mr. drey's Board of Admiralty Avas finally constituted as fol- lows : — The lion. Cliailfs C.i.-y. Sir I'liili|) Sto]ilicns, Jiurt. Admirnl Markliiiiii. Ailniinil Sir (Jliuil.'s :^r. I'.ilc Ciiiitaiii Sir Harry Xcalo, Hart., li.N. Lord AViiiiam Itusscll, T.ord Kensington. Mr. Charles Grey, the new Fii-st Lord, was the son of that gallant General Grey with whom Admiral Markham had served at Martinique, and who had been raised to the peerage in 1802 as Baron Grey of Ilowick. ]5orn in 1 7G4, Charles Grey had entered Parliament as member for Northumberland in 178G, and at once attached himself to the party of Fox. He strove Avith Fox to prevent the Avar in 1793, and afterwards to ■ Sir Tliilij) Steplu-ns. ar en hi uo w f(l (1 First Sen Lord. the hiiii",' it. to a close, aiul lio was an untii'ing advocato of pai'liiiiiKMitary reform. I To vi_i,'or()iisly oj)|)os('(l the arbitrary iiioasuros of Pitt's Govoriiment, and liis on- croacliinonts on public liberty ; and he fought an u|)- liill and disheartening fight, dui'ing many y(!ars, with noble perseverance. lie was opi)Osed to the union with Ireland, and advocated many administrative re- forms. Air. (irey now took ollice for the first time. On the 11th of the following Api'il he became Lord Jlowick, ov.ing to iiis father having been created Viscount llowick and Earl Grey. ITis brother George, liord St. Vincent's old flag captain, was ai)pointed Admiral Su[)eriiiteMdent at Portsmouth Dockyard. Sir Philip Ste[)liens had been a sort of permanent civil lord in several administrations, and had previously been secretary for many years. Sir Harry Neale had been better known in the sei'vice as Captain IJurrard. He took the name of Neale, thivt of his wife, in 1794. The Burrards of AVaUiampton had been members for Lymington for gt'Ui lilt ions. Sir Harry succeeded his uncle in the baronetcy in 1 7!)1 . He was a talented ami very gallant otlicer. His best known exploit was on the occasion of the mutiny at the Noro, wlien he cut the cable of his frigate, the ^i. Florcnzo, and sailed out under the fti'e of the whole mutinous fleet. As admiral he com- manded in the Mediteiranean in 1825, and died in 1840. Lord William Russell and Lord Kensington were junior civil lords merely for ornament. The secretaries to the xVdmiralty were Mr. ]\Iarsden and Mr. Tucker.' The latter was removed from a commissionership of the Navy Board. ' Mr. Jolm I5iirrow liiul been apijointed second Si'Cietiuy at tin? Admiiiilly by L.rd M.'lvillc in ISOI. He vaciitcd the phu'c for ^Jr. 224 A Naval Career Jiiriitc the Old War Admiral M arkham's acceptance jf office necessitated a re-election. Hio! colleaf^ue also vacated his seat, having become Lord Chancellor as Lord Erskine. The election took place at Portsraonth on February lUtli, ^^^■lOG, and the Admiral wns returned with Mr. David Erskine, the Lord Chancellor's son, as his colleague. He also had the pleasure of -welcorainj.', his brother to the House of Commons. His friend Lrrd Wycombe had sncceeded his father as Marquis of Lansdowne in the previous year; and Lord Henrv Petty, now Chancellor of the Exchequer, had vacated his ohl seat to bcome raembti' for the University of Cambridge. Through Lord Lsnsdowne's influence, on February 17th, 1806, Osborne jMarkham became member for Calne. During the previous year, memorable as the victory at Trafalgar made it, there had been great want of ability and wntcLfulness at the Admiralty. French squadrons had given ns the slip from Brest and Rochelle, and were all over the seas. The new Board had to renew the strict block^ules. and then to cause the escaped ^.(|uadrons to he run to earth. That mag- nificent old warrior, Earl St. Vincent, at the age of seventy-two, wap ready, under a government of men he could trust, to do all tlie Brest work over again. He hoisted his flag on board H.M.S. Ilihernia in March, 1806, being the union jack at the main. The privi- lege of flying it was specially granted, by tlie Board, to an ex-first loi^d. The North S"a was still under Lord Keith, and Collingwood was comuvxnder-in-ch'ief in the Mediteiranean. Among the numei'ous warm congratulations on h?s Tuck' r in 1800, hut Wiis (i^^'iiiii iqiiinintcil to it liy I.onl Miil;j;wv,' in IHC , and cniitinui'd tn hold it until .Innuiiry, \Si't, a iicriod of lliiii^-ciKlit ycavs. I First Sea Lord. 225 return to the Admiriilty, the most liearty which Admiral Markhara received were from St. Vincent, Keith, and Collingwood. Tuo hitter added a complaint of his own which is characteristic. It appears that, when liis pension was voted, a mend^er named Stanhope had comphiined that it was not more. Lord Colling- wood wrote, — " I have to complain of Mr. Spencer Stanhope liaving higgled for more — as regards my pension. Tie has taken from me what I hold to bo rr'vst honourable to me, namely, to receive hisIMajesty's and my country's liberality to mo as they offered it." * T]:e first work of the new A'l'niralty wa,^ to protect the colonies and commerce fi'om the insults and d' ()redations to wh.ich they were left exposed at the opening of the year, without adequate means of defence, owing to squadrons of the enemy's ships having eluded the vigilance of the blockading fleets. A contempoi'ary writer very justly says that " much praise was due to the Board for the sagacity and judgment with which it traced the course of these marauding expeditions, and for the vigilance and promptitude with which it ])i-ovidod against their designs and baffled their plans. So hotly was the enemy pursued, and so closel}' watched in every qiwrter, that he was compelled to renounce his projects and consult his safety by precipitate flight.' In December, 1805, a fleet of fifteen sail of the lino ^ Lord ColliiiKWdi.tl to Ailiiiiiitl >[iirkliain, IStli April, ISOG. .Mr. "Walter Sijoiicur Stanliopi'. of Ilorsl'ortli and Cannon Hall in York- sliirc, was liorii in 174!). Ho sociiis to have been officious on this occasion, on the j^round of one of his sons havini; taken tlie naiiu' of t'ollint,'\vood for a fortune, lint no relation of Lord Coilin^MVood. Anotiicr son, the liev. IJliarles Stanhope, niarri(>d Admiral Markhani's niece, I're.' ;i::a (loodtnoii;.;!!, daughter of liis sister Cecilia. Vlx. Spencer Stauliiipe dii>d in IS'Jl, aged soventy-two. » "Annual Kegister." 2 26 A Naval Career during the Old J Car. had escaped fi-om Brest, and sepnrated into two squadrons respectively under Admirals Leissei^ues and Villauniez. Two squadrons were despatched in pursuit from Spitliead and C^iwsand Bay, under Sir Jolm Borlase Warren and Sir Kichavd Strachan, while Sir John Duckworth, with six sail of the line, left liis station off Cadiz, and proceeded to the West Indies. On February (»(h, Duckworth discovered the French S(|uadron under Leisseigues in the bay of Occa, in San Domingo, consisting of five sail of the line, one of them, the Iiiipcn'dlc, a three-decker. The Frenchmen tried to escape, and were chased. The Xdrfliiniilx'rhnid engaged the three-decker Imjirridlr, and suffered very sevei'ely from her tremendous broadsides, and the running fight contiinied for two hours. Ev(>ntually three French line-of-battle shi])S were c< |)tured aud two were driven on shore and l)urnt. The Nortlinmberliiiiil, bearing the flag of Sir Alexander Cochrane, had a nnist shot away, and twenty- one men were killed and seventy-nine wounded. Among the latter was the gallant Lieutenant (leoriro F. Seymour," who rec(>ived a frightful wound in the '■ Aftfi'watiU Ailinir.il Sir (Ipoi^r K. .Scyiiniiir. (I.C.I!., (',.('. \l. Hr was till' clclc.'^t .'. W invn cliciscd tl 10 isperso d to ilVOK 1 capl i(lU!iy an ofilc'cr of that ccniiitiy wlio ,'n iniioculated with \\w iniilij^^iiiiiit vcjioni of Pitt, F hope liord Howick will swet'p all tll0^5e spiders from tlic Xavy Hoard." At last, on JMay 1 Itli, ]«0(;, Mr. Jeffrey rose to call attention to the papers, and make liis diarges afi;ainst Ijoi'd St. Vincent for misconduct anli>h an efficient peniKinent navy in the royal yards, ami upon the resources of tlie State. They liad undertaken ti:is in defiance of threats, clamour, an(i every species of mis- re|)resentation and calumny. 'I'he issue was — Can the strength of the royal yards sustain and increase the navy without adventitious aid from private builders ? The Navy Board denied their competency. Yet tlio Admiralty ascertained that a ship for which 58,000/. was ])aid, could be l)uilt in a royal yard for ;3.j,8O0/. Mr. .Jeffrey had included the increase of ships to the navy bv capture in former vears. Hv discardin*'' these, ( f I f ■; ~ " the a(hiiiral showed that the annual average built by each administration was as neai'ly as possible the satne, namely, thi'ee ships of tin,' line. II<; sJKiwed that the results of Lord St. \'inceiit's labom-.s were e(pud to First Sen Lord. 231 tlic nil! % tlioso of any of liis predecessors, and ho proved tliat no want of timber was felt, by \\w fact tliat, from 180l2 to 1.S04, there were sixty-one sliips repaired in tiie kino's yards and eit^hteen fi-i^atcs in merchants' yai-ds. The reasons that ])rivate yards were not more used ■were the exorbitant charges and tlie bad work. For a single ship the cost of repairs had been 12,;}',>2/., when the charge foi* building h;M' would liave been 71)40/. Two line-of-battle ships were instanced, as having been built in merchants' yards, the Ajax and the Arlilllrn. The former was coinrnissioned in March, 1798. In June her r(>pairs amounted to 278S/. ; by 1802 her repairs had cost 28,<)77/. Her building had cost 20,.502/. The Achilles was connnissioned in 1798. By 180 t her repairs had cost 37,000/. Th(> continuance of such work was simply a system of r()l)bing the country, Osborne Markham then gave com])lete details respect- ing the unceasing and successful etlbrts of Lord St. Vincent's Adnnralty to obtain sufftcient supplies of timber. Lord Howick continued the debate, showincf that while at the commencement of the war tlicre were thirty-six sail of the line fit for service, within a year there were no less than eighty-eight in commission. The result of these exei'tions was the battle of Trafalgar. Mr. Fox declared the charges to be frivolous and vexatious, and the Speaker reju'imanded Mr. Jeffrey for reading his speech. The motion was rejected without a division. Next day j\Ir. Fox moved, " That it appears to this House that the conduct of the Earl of St. Vincent, in his late naval administi'ation, has added an additional lustre to his exalted character, and is entitled to the approbation of the House." The motion was 232 A Naval Career during the Old War. ably seconded by Mr. Yorke," and carried without a division. Tliis was the crowning victory of Admiral j\[arkliam in tLe House of Conunons. He had carried the bill through for theappoiutTuent of a Commission of Niival Irupiii'V, had seen the results in the exposure of an incredible amount of peculation and waste, and in the institution of soinid reforms, had fought the battle of his old chief against cahnnny smd spite for month after month, year after yeai', and now at last had given his enemies a crushing and final defeat. Hehad no pei'soual feeling against theoldeomptroUer, and would gladly be friends with him. His war was against abuses, not against men. The followhig letter from a colleague was scarcely needed : — "If you have more sense, he may have more pride, and by due attention to human frailty, my dear admiral, you will gain the object so near to your heart — thc^ public interest. AVe have already done much good. A little conciliation from you will cause a ha[)[)y revolution in the wavering brain of tlie comptroller. I am sure he feels that he has not been Avise." Conciliation was not wanting ; and when the comptroller at last retired in the end of the year, Admiral ]\larkham parted good friends with his old captain.' But institutions like the Xavy Board die ° Tlic Hull. Clinvlcs Yorko, iiftcrwanls Fiist J.onl of tlic Ailiniralty in Mr. Pemval's Ministry, lSlO-12. He ilicd childless in \K\\. He was ii son of tlic lirilliiiiit (Jharics Yorki' wlio ilied in 1770, on tlie very diiy lie was made Lord Cliaiieellur, and grandson of the tirst Earl of Ilardwiekc. ' Sir Andrew Snapo llaiiKJnd was Coniptioller of the ^'avy fimn 17'J4tolS00. He died in 1S;J8. His son, Sir ( Irahaiii llaiiiond, ]5art., ( 1 C 1!., was horn in 177!), and diicj Adiidial of the Fleet in 1802. llis daughter Caroline was nidther nf the third A'iscdiint First Sea Lord. 233 luu'd. It was not until tlio year 18:32 that it was finally got rid of.'' The death of Mr. Fox, on the 13th of Scptomber, LSOC), niado several changes in the cabinet necessary. Lord llowick succeeded ^Ir. Fox as Secretary of State for Foreigji Affairs,^ and JMr. Thomas Grenville, who had been President of the Board of Control, becaino First Lord of the Admiralty.' The Right Honourable Tiiomas Grenville, second son of Mr. George Grenville, the Prime Minister in 1703-00, was born on December ^Ist, 1755, and had now passed his iiftieth year. His elder brother was j\Iai'q\iis of Buckingham, and the younger was now Prime Minister, having been created Lord Grenville in 17i)<). Thomas Grenville had been Member for Buckinghamshire since 177U, and had been a consistent supporter of the party of Mr. Fox, even after the HimkI. His grandson, Sir Andrew S. Hiiniond, Bart., was a captain ll.X., ami married .Mary, niece of tin; gallant old ( lenei'al Miller, at Taliiti. •^ At last thorn wa.s a dean sweep. June, 18.32 (2 & ?, William IV., «'. 40), saw the Navy lioard, Yictualiing IJoanl, and Sick and Hurt Doard, all aliolished. Soon afterwards (0 & (5 "William IV., c. 3')) the ()fh<'e of Trca.snrer of the Navy was aliolished. " In 1S07 Lord llowiek succeeded his father as Earl Grey, and, with Lord (IrenNille, led the ojipositioii in tlie House of Lords f(.r many years. At length, in IS.'JO, ho, lieoame I'lime .Minister, and his (JoviMiiment pas.sed the J!eform Jliil in 1S32. Lord (!rey resigned in Novemher, LS34, and died at llowiek on duly 17th, ISL"), aged eighty-one. ■* The eliangos wore as follows: — Lord Jlowick to be Foreign Seiretary in |ilac,(> of ^^r. Fox. Mr. Thomas I'irenville to succeed j.ord Howi(di at tiie Admiralty. ]\lr. Tii'ruey to succei'ssi()n of many of tlic U^adiiin- AVIiiijjs who followed Miirko ill 170;?, and after liis hrother liad taken ofHeo un( ler Mr. Titt. Tlii.- was t'le fii'st time he had been in offieo, and he felt the groat responsibility of fonnin<>; a now lioard of Admiralty. A stroiijj: effort was niado by the perinaneiit officials, and es))ecially liy the Xavy lioard, to jirejiidiee his mind against those who had taken up the work of roforin, including Admiral Markhani, who was not pei'sonally intimate with iMr. Grenville. The new First Lord was at first ])erploxod, and hesitated. On October Ith he wrote to his brother : — " I am still quite at a loss for a slieet-aiiclior, and wish ]\Iarkliani had not niado so many oiieniios, for in zeal and quickness of resource he seems to mo to have great merit."'' 13ut in the course of the next ten days ho found that no better sheet-anchor could bo found. On October Mth he wrote: — "I lupe at loiigth made up my mind to keep lyiarkliam, aiu. have told him so, and wo are now (>stablished in perfect confidence. I have also apprised Sir Charles Pole of my intention to send him ont as second in command of the Channel fioet, and to offer his S(>at at the Hoard to Fromantlo." Sir Philip Stephens was succeeded by Mr. Frankland, and the now lioard was finally con- stituted as follows : — Tlic Iiiglit IIoii. 'riiiJiiias ( Ji'ciiville. Adiiiiial Miirkliiun. ('ii]itiiin Tlioiiiiis F. I'rciiianllr, R.X. ('n]itMiii Sir Ilanv Xcalt', li.X. l.onl William Rus.sell. Liird Kciisiii,i;1iiii. Mr. iMiinklaiul. '(ircnville MoiikjIi's," vnl. iv. p. S.'}. First Sea Lord. JO I wed illic'o U'CIl iiiiiL;" ladc iavy liail Captain Frciiiantle was ii vci'y giilliiiit ollicoi' who was with Nelson at ('o|)i'nha<;on, coinrnandiMfij tlio (idinji's, anil had lately rctMi'nt'd IVoni coinniandinijf aship at the l)attU« of 'rratai-ijar." All-. William Krankland, who succeeded Sir IMiilip Stephens," was second son of Admiral Sir 'I'homas Frankland.of Thirl: "Yon will find in Markhain firnniess and iiiteority to th(> backbone, hap))ily conibinetl with al)ility, diligence, and zeal." The new Hoard worked very liarnionionsly. The most ini])ui'tant duty abroad, durin!), secoinl secretary 17;")!), sole secrc-tary from 17C3 until I7S.'?. Sjnic tlu'ii he had lieen a Civil Lord id' the Adniiiaily with Lord Spencer, Lurd St. A'incent, Lord .Melville, Lord l'>aiham, and Lmd llowiik. He had heeii sixty-one year.- in thi' pnlilic service, and was the orachi for all rules and precedents, lie was now eit;lity-thi'ee, and Mr. ( Jreiiville asked the kin.!^ to i,'rant liini a iiensioii. Ii lie receivecl l.")UU/. a year. 'J.") lie had liccii O'cated a' hanmei. He .lied childless in ISO!). 236 . 1 jVdva/ Cuii'ii- iinrino; tlic Old ll'nr. A ])lan wiiH also iiiiiturcd wliicli, while rm'tlu'rinf^ tlicobjt'ct of the war, iiiid piwci'tiiif^ the Sj)Miiisli Forci'S from })cinp^ coiiciMit rated tm Miicno.s Ayres, was cal- culated to advance the cause of IVeedoiii in South America. Jt was abandoned owing to the necessity for sending all available tro()|)s to the River Plate. The idea was the despatch of an expedition round Cape Horn and the invasion of ('hile. Adniii-al Mark- ham recommended, for the conduct of this daring enterprise, his old and tried friend Admiral Murray,'^ a most accomplished and capaljle officei' of varied attain- ments. It seems that they had l)oth become ac(piainted with a Chilian of education and good family " so long (It'oi'ifo ^Murrny was the firniidsmi of n iimiiiio ulliccr, siiriiii^- I I'nlil tlio Muri'iiys, of Klilmiik, wIki uiiinicd mul scltKil at L'lii(dic'st('r. His fatlicr, Mr. (liilcon Miinav, was fur iiiiinv years iiiaLjistiatc ami ildciinaii (if Cliii'lu'stiT, ami iels(in'H captain of the fleet durinj,' the chase after the French lleet liefore the battle of Trafal>,'ar. ]Ie liccanie a rear-admiral on April L'."ird, 1804. lie was made a K.C li. in ISIT), and died very suddenly at Chichester on Fclu'uary 2Sth, ISlil. Admiral Murray was a fre- quent and voluminous correspondent on shiplmildiiij^- and other sulije<'ts relatinj,' to the. navy. ° This was Don Jose Cortes y Madariaga, a scion of that fanuly of Medellin which produced the conqueror of Mexico. Don Jose was a reniarkalile man, and his life was one of adventure. A('liilian ]iv faniih d birth, he was une of the chief founders of A'enezuelan independenee. Ho was born in 17'J<), and was tlestined innw his cradle fur the priesthood. After takinj^ orders he became a professor in the I'niversity of San Fcli]ie, at Santiai,'o, in which position he in a law-suit connected with his ])i'olVs.-^or's chair. This Wiis entan 'led Firs I Sea Lord. 237 nfjo na IHO], iitid liiul roceivod iiiiicli useful iiiid drtaik-d iiil'ofiiiiition troin liim, on wliicli f licy based tlieir j)liiiis. Valparaiso and Santiaj^o were to have been oceiiijied, all olHcial posts were 1() liavo been fj;iven to iiivtiv(» Cliilians, tlie Kn^lish were merely to act. as their friends and allies, and tho ilio:ri/ orhi) ' would huvo been ante-(hited by several years. Admiral ^lurniy sailed in October ISOG, with a carefully eipiipped tbrc(^ of 4200 men under (leneral Crauford, and ho wrote homo long letters to Admiral Markhain at every opportunity. But after he had sailed, less favourable news arrived from the River IMato, and it was considered necessary that ^Murray's expedition should bo diverted from its orif^inal object, to reinforce Sir Samuel Auchmuty. Tho despatch vessel FIi/ was sent out, and caught Admiral Mni-ray at tho Capo. Ko and denoral Crauford reached the River Plate in June, 1807, and found that ]\Iontevidoo had been taken. Auchmuty now had a force of 0500 men, and all would have gone well if that able and dashing oflicer had Icil til liis 1iuiiilai) was to have three artillery companies to each t;f the three (livisions of Royal Marines. Tlie honorary designation uf Th ° Tin: Ki.nlil Triiniiiiriililc Williuin WiinlliMiu waw a son df William AViiiilliaiii, i'.sij., (if Fi'lliri,ufr, in Xnifnik, liy l!i.>, wMow nf K'dhi-i't Lukiii, '"sij. Ills lialf-liicillicr was \)v. jjikin, ])raii nl Wells. I'ldi'ii i.i 17.')(>, Ml'. Wiiul laiii iiilcicci I'ailiaiiiciit in 17Sl', ami was an ardent Wliig until lli< war Innkr nut. lit; llim jdiiUMJ M\: I'itt, an>l was Secretary at War iVnni 179") to ISOI. lli violently o|mosi'il tlic peace of Auiiens, lint \wh\ aloof IVoni I'ilt in ISO!, and joIikmI " .\jl the Talents " as Colonial Sccntary, lsOIJ-7. He died in l.'^lO, leavinj,' all liiw estates in the east( rn counties to his wife for life, and then to liis iieiihew, a son of the |)ean of Wells, who took his name, and Avas Adiniial \V. "Windham, of Kelhri^'j:. ' Mr. Windham's name is connected uitli anotJK r di>aster. jji' was !'iainly responsihle for tlu' ill-eoneei\id and uid'ortunati' expedition to (,)iiili('ron, under Somlireuil, in 17'.)-'t. lie had L^enius and lear .iiiL:, anil was a ),M'cat dehater, luU not a statesman. tll(> Ins a I I'lrs/ Sea Lord. 239 " lioyiil " liiul been secured for that g'all;nit corps by tlie I M'tuer liourd of Acbiiii'alty of which lie was a ineiui.if'r. In tlie hycb'ographical department he agani i'ouiid .Mr. Dalrymple busily couijjiling and engraving chai'ts ; while he supplied ( 'ai)tain Iltn-d with all ueedfid appliances and sent him to execute suvYO\i* with the channel fleet, in the /('"/,;/'/• cutter. Adnural Markham wislu'd llurd to be ap[)ointed hydrogmplier,' to bring out charts based on recent surveys, while J)alrym[tle continued his useful compiling labours. The tirst sea lord assisted Lord Ilowick in prepavHV^' a scheme for increasing the pay of ofHcers and men. The number of petty officers was increased, and the pay of every class was raised. An act was idso passed, in accoi'dance with the recommendation of the ( 'Onnnission of Naval Inquiry, by which the ])ensiouers of the chest at Chatham were enal)led to receive theii' pay at their own homes, and the pensions were raised from 7/. to 18/. a year. Admiral Markham was also busily engaged with Mr. (Irenville in elabo- rating a plan for presenting the navy estimates to I'ai'liament in a more clear and intelligible form. One very laborious branoli of work was the patron- age, and the just and efficient management of promo- tions and appointments, as well as rajjid and yet fair ' Tliis was doiii'. ('.iiitaiii Iliirtl Wiis iiiijiiiiiited liydnigraiilioi' in I SOS, iuid died in ISl'.'J, mid ln' was the fnniidci' of the naval sur- vi-vinu MTviic. lUit il was no ]iart nf Ailiuii'al Maikliam's ]ila;i tn ii^imiv till' loiij,f and faithful scivirc.'; of Mr, I )alrvin]ili', and to ml slioil his usi'fiil work. 'I'lii' disi'icdit of this jiiccf of dis-scivirc altachi's to tlu' nanir of Lord Muh^nivi'. That First I.oril in ISUS suddenly called ii|ion Mr. haliyinple to resi.nn. and when lie deilined to do so, suinniarily dismissed him. On .May ."Jlst lie imhiished "The Case of A. 1 laliyiiiiile, " liitteily romiilainiiii,' of hj.s tivalnient, and he died of a hrokm liearl in .liine, isns. 240 ^l iVax'a/ Career during tJic Old J fur. decision nyion slioiils of applications incessantly ar- riving. This was a soui-ce of real pleasure in many instances, but also of great j)ain and much annoyance. Some a])p"als were very hard to refuse, others coidd ))e dealt with summarily; but all were methodically and carefully considered, and tliere was no delav. Letters came alike from royal dukes and from the widows of afterguard : — " Deau Mahkjiam, — I trut.t you will, in consideration of our long acquaintance, forgive me for addressini."" myself to you in the hope of obtaining commissions in the marines, or some other employment, for two young men who are my proteges and and with senti- ments of the most friendly regard and the liighest esteem, I remain, dear ^Vlarkham, " Yours most faithfully and sincerely, "p]i)WAni)."' Then young Croft wanted a favour to be grunted him : — "Brig Ahn'rifi/, Feb 20th, 1807. " Having received all the preferment T have got from you, it has been my determination till now never to exi)ress a wish to you more ; but hearing as I do from all quarters that you have the most influence, if not the sole nninagement, at the ;3oard, I cannot withstand the temj)tation of entreating you will send me to the ]\lediterranean or some other foreign station where I shall have a chance of prouiotion." So to the Mediterranean he went. The Government had dissolved Parliament, and thei'e Avas a general election in the autunni. Admiral Mai'kham again ^*^ood for Portsmouth, and was returned at the head of the [)nll, with 8ir Tlionuis ■' 'J"lu' Duki' i)f l\iiit. First Sea Lord. .\\ Milloi-, of Fi'oylo, us liis collengue, on Novenibor ;5nl, 1M(I(), Oslioriio Markliiim was again returned for C'alne on the same day. Thv' year opened very propitionsly for the ministry, which was certainly composed of the best administra- tors and most enlij^htened statesmen in the country. }*arliament met on December 15tl), and Lord Grenville explained the .'easons of the failure of negotiations for peace with France in the summer. His principle, and that of Mr. Fox, had been that of actual possession — til re was to be no reciprocity of cession between the two powers. Especially he had firmly refused to enter- tain any proposal for giving up Sicily to France. To these terms the emperor would not accede. The country fully approved . . ing forward this or any other measure for the benefit of the Catholics. This of course was out of the question. So the ministry was summai'ily dismissed owing to a mischievous royal whim. But they had passed the abolition of the slave-trade. Ceorge III. got rid of " All the Talents," and substituted ministei-s who were ready to promise anything in the way of repres- 11 242 A Naval Career durins; tlic Old ]Var. sion and obstriictirn, Thoy sat on the safoty-valvo until tlio l)oiler burst twenty-two years afterwards. Thus the Navy Board and other impositions got a new lease of life. A clean sweep was not made of them until 1832, wlien Lord Grey and tliosc who survived of the " Talents " liad at length returned to power. Lord Grenville's Government went out on the 21t1i of March, liS07. The Board of Admiralty was com- pletely and affectionately attached to ]\[r. Thomas Grenvillo, whose high-principled conduct and capacity for affairs had won the respect of all his colleagues, wliik; his charn ing manner and kind heart had excited their warm frlendsiiip. He retired from office with the hearty good wishes of all in the Admiralty." Admiral Alai'khi m, whose h(>altli had been failing and whose stre]i;iftli had been overtasked, was not sorry to gain liis freedom. His brother Osborne received the appoint- ment of Barrack j\laster General from Lord Grenville on ]\Iarch 23rd, 1807, a post which he held until its abolition in 1822. He retired from the representa- tion of Calnc,'' on accepting the appointment. The new " lie coutiiuuMl in opiiositioii for ten yctarf, Ijiit. finnlly njtirod from I'iirliioiicnt in li'y Ciinnlicy. lie was painti'cl in old ai'e liy Kiclmiond. lie dcvoteil his lii'.ter years to literatiU(>, and tn tiic colh'ction of liis uni'ivalli'd lihraiy in llamiiton I'laee. Sir Ko})crt rhiiliniorc. wlio knew him \v •!!, wriite: " liis iicrecplion was ipiiek, his iiiidcn landing' vi;,'t, looking into tlie court. ITcn' tlu-y wcrc! suri'oundcd by friends. Tlie ai'clibisliop and In.s family were at South Audley Street in winter and sjtring, the Dy- nevors in Dover Street, and the eaf)Tain's youngest brother, Osborne, constantly in Ixjiidon. They had to form an establishment, and to entertain, often giving largo dinner parties. Hair-[)o\vdei' tax was paid for Captain Markham iiiid two footmen, and taxes foi- a chariot, and two coach ami two riding hoi'ses. There was no iintuediaie hurry for deciding about the loug-eherishcd scheme of a home iti the country, and the parhamenlary mid <(Hi(ial duties now made a place near London more desirable than the old, frecpiently- discussed jilan of a house in Nork.shire. The captain's brother George became iJeau ot i ork in 1802.' ' Cicovgc Mavklu\ni ^nl tliird int-i c<.Ili;,'<- at \Vcrstiiiiii>(iT in 1770. He, acted '•Siiuiiid" in tln' .\lii in 177s, ami " I>cinii)li(i" in J'hormio in 1779. He went to CIniKt flnirch, Oxfnrd, in 1780, nnd jniictfdi'd M.A. in 17S7. In H-'s In- lM-<-am); l^.-cto- of licefuiil, ami I; <",iii.,n K02. l)c [I'Hge 247. Ilomt 247 t^^ooA ■khcuna) d •I 1(*#%,W -f' tbrvoigi\ ■>rvaro on lii,L(li luiid, was oriijjiiiiilly built in tlirod stories witli five windows in racli, and tlie dooi' in tlio ci'iiti'c on tluMiortli side. Tlu; widls wore pehblo-diislied, and tlio oIKces were built out to the eastward in one storey. To tlie north a field slopes down to tlic little Chay rivulet, a tributary of the Ouso, and there are some fine old beech and chestnut trees ; while tin; |)ond at the l)ot- toni is fringed with yews. From the ('hay northwards the ground rises in a steep ascent called Cinder Llill, from the scoria) of disused iron furnaces or " cinders " which have been found on the hill-side." Beyond there arc undulations, but with an ascent to the crest of Ashdown Forest, which forms the water-j)arting between the Ouse (flowing by Lewes to the sea at Newhaven), and the Modway. All this country to the north of Ades was covered with woods and ])lantations, and a few miles away was Sheflfield Pai'k with its famous oak-trees. Here was the great forest — the (\iit-Auilrvd of the Britons, the Silvn-Aiidreda of the llomans, the Aiulrcds-wald of the Saxons — which extended the whole length of Sussex, 1120 miles by about thirty broad. To the south of Ades the land rises slightly, and then slopes down to the large Wildiiig Wood and the foot of the South Downs. From the dining-room windows there is a view of the line of the South Downs with Mount Harry, where the great battle was fought between the King aiul Simon de JNIontfort in 120-1', and the break in the hills, where Lewes rests on re 247. " TljiTO arc vosli^'os of irou-wdiks on CimUr Hill, and much iron- stone has ])ccn excavated on tlic N'ortli Common in Chailuy parisli. Tlicic were v(!i'y ancient workings in the forest, possibly Roman. .Many localities pri'servc the niemury of the iron workings in their names— L'indrifinil, (.'indcr llill, Cindcrsgill. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) V. // y. 6' /^Z^ H 1.0 I.I 1^ lill 2.2 — 6" lis IIIIIM 1.8 11-25 IIIIII.4 11.6 V] <^ /i 0% /a C^/. c;% ^v ^v^ > y /^ Photograpl^ic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 248 A A^aval Career diirins; the Old War. the right l)ank of tlic ()usc>. Tho nrniy of tho barons was encamped at Fletchinj^, near Hhcffield Park, and a few miles north-east of Ades, which was then sur- rounded by a dense forest. On M ly 1 kh the forces led by the Karl of Leicester niai-ehed from Kletcliing through a forest to tho foot of the Downs, by Newick, a little to the east of Ades, and Ilainsey, then up tho valley called Coomhe to tho to[) of the I))\vns Avhero the battle was fought. T!ie battle-field is in full view from the garden at Ades. On the west of the house an avenue of limes and horse-chestnuts leads up to tho front door, and another nearly at right angles oversliauows a little path from the house to the common of Chailey, the way to church. Beyond is Brooke House with its garden, and Chailey village bnilt round a green. The liigh road from Lewes to London passes through it, and wayfarers were refreshed at the sign of the Swan. The silver swan was a cognizance of John of Gaunt, who possessed great feudal rights in this part of tho Weald of Sussex. ('hailey church consisted of a nave and north aislr, a fine early English chancel, and a solid old square tower, with the shingle spire which is so picturesque and so common a feature in Sussex churches. ]n those days the interior was fitted up with pews and two heavy galleries/ and there was a peal of six bells, ' Tlu) church wns cojuiiU'tcly nwtnicd in ISJ'J. On tlic north chancel wall tlicu' me fmu' niiirlilc taMfts to tlic iin'niory of — 1. (!(Mir|^'(! doiinj,'. of I'',atii'H, iliid 17l.'s. 2. Kcv. .1. 'I'lchcck. Kcctor of Cliailcy. .lid 1H;)1. 3. liov. K. i'ortcv, licctor of Chailey, ilit'cl 17r)3 ; forty years rector. 4. L'ev. 8ir II. I'oole, Kector of Ciiailey, died lS-21, ayed ,>^uvcHt.y- .sevon ; fifty years lector. On the soiitii side tlicre are iiieiiiorial window?; to — J/iwie. 249 / five iiiiule by Siumicl Knight, in 1735, and the largest presented in 1810." The church is dedicated to St. I'cter. In the churchyard there are two yew-trees of immense age, probably older than the church itself, and of cnoruious girth, A shady road leads west- ward to the parsonage, a quaint old house, with oak wainscoted rooms, and surrounded by a moat. Farther on, in a rather low situation, in a park with fine oak and beech trees, is the Hooke, an old mansion with three gables, and mullioned windows facing the drive. The dining-room was entirely panelled with oak, and tlie drawing-room was upstaii's. At the Hooke lived Sir Henry Poole, who had in- lierited the estate, and had also been rector of Cliailey since 1771. Ho was then (in 1802) in his fifty-eighth year, and he had two young daughters, Henrietta and Charlotte." Colonel Graham lived at Brooke House, in Chailey village. Towards Lewes was Mr. George 1. Henrietta Poole (Mrs. Hepburn) died 1862. 2. Cliiirliitte r.pole (Mrs. I'.lencowc) ., wlio died in 18:5"), aged lifty-five. Tliey liad ("■eneral Hi'lil>urn of tlie Hooke, the Iv'ev. Francis llephurn, Kectur of ("haiiey since 18r)l, and a daugiiter. Mrs. He|»liurn died in 18()2. The otiier (hiughter, ('harlotte, married Kolicrt W. lUencinvc, K.si|., in 181"). Tliey lived at Tunhridge Willis until 1840, wiien they eanui to live at tlie Hodke \\ith Mrs. Hepliurii. Mrs. lileiieowe died in 1807. Mr. liiencowe died at the Hooke in 1^71, aged eiglilylhicc. He left a scni named Jolin (Icdige, and had Imilt a house fm- him, called '• IJii.eaam," on a hill overlooking Cliailey chiircii, where Im now lives. 250 A Naval Career during the Old ]V(U\ ShifFner, at Coombo Place, with his hoiress-v.ifo, Afiiry Bi'idger, fiiul a hirgo young family ;' and Mr. I'ai'tiiig- toii, r ' Offham, an old schoolfellow of Captain jNfark- liam at AYeatuiinster, and then Chairman of the Lewes Quarter Sessions.^ To the east was Newick Park ; and away to the north were Sheflfield, where Cibbou enjoyed the hospitality of Lord Sheffiekl; Kidbrook, the seat of Ca])tain Markham's old schoolfellow, the Speaker ; and Hammerwood, the home of Mi-s. Mark- ham's sister, Mrs. Dorrien Magens. The largest landed proprietor iii the parish of Chailey was Mr. James Ingram, who, in 1802, had a small house near the parsonage. Captain Markham's purchase included six farms, namely the home farm at Ailes, Furze Grove, and Tomkins Barn, and Cinder Farm on the slope to the north, with Spring and Oven Woods. There were also two out-lying farms on the hills to the north-west, called the Frick and the Burchetts, with a lai-go cover still known as the Admirals Huff; .aid away to the west was the North Common of Chailey, ' Ciijitiiiu Shifrnor, of tlie artilleiy, (Hiavtci't'd at Lewes, ran away to (Irctna (iifcii willi Mifs Mary liiiilger, (laui,'liti'r of Sir Joliii Urid^'cr, of Cooiiilie, in 17S7. Tln'V eventually iniicrited Cooiiil)e, and Ik; was created a l)aronet in I81S. Sir (ieorge Sliitfner was born in 1702, and died in 1842. Lady ShiiliK^r died in 1814, Tlu.'ir eldest son, Julni liridger Shiffner, was a cajitain in the Guards, killed in a sortie at liayonn ' in 1814. Tlie next son was Admiral Sir Henry Sliitl'ner, Imrn in 1789, and died childless in 18.5!). Thi^ third was tiie Kev. Sir (;eori.,'e yiiiifner, who died in 17'Jl ; and his son, the Kev. Sir (!enrj,'e Shilfner, is Keetor of Hanisey. Tlie fourtli was Thomas Sliill'ner, wlio married Miss IJrown, of ('o|)L;rove, in Yorkshire. ' .Mr. Partington 1)ought Oilham and the manor of Ilanisey in 1780. His son was Captain Markham's schoolfellow. He died in Lewes in 1841, aged eighty-two. Home. 2^1 ) on Iiififli ground with spli'uilid views ovei* tho undu- liiting, well-wooded country ; to the south the green outline of the South Downs ; to tho north-east the forest of Ashdown. Oaks are the trees of the country, growing to great s. j in the clayey soil, and springing U|) wherever the ground is uncultivated. The neigh- bourhood of Ades, so plentifully supplied with woods and fine tindjer, is also famous for its wild flowers. Kveiy rare orchis is found on tho South Downs; and on the North Common are blue gentians, asphodels, sundew, bog-beans, and cotton-grass. The meadows are a mass of daffodils, cowslips, and primroses in the spring, and many uncommon plants are found in the liedge-rows amongst more familiar flowers, in the summer. rp Tho house at Ades consisted of a passage from tho front door leading to a door opening on the dining- room, which had three windows commanding a view of the South Downs. On the right of the passage W'as the drawing-room, where double-doors gave a second access to the dining-room. On 'C-:^ itft wen> a small room iu the front, the staircase, and a second sitting-room by the side of the dining-rooui; wi h two windows facing south. The Markhams added an outer hall and a new drawing-room. They planted shrubberies of rliodo- tlendrr. and trees on the south side, began a small garden surrounded by shvid)s in front of the ne\\- drawing-room windows on the west, and made other improvements. But all this was the work of future years. There was an excellent kitchen garden with nuich wall fruit, and Ades was famous for its [)ears and strawberries. Thus Ad(-s seemed to oiler every attraction a 252 A Naval Career (Inrim: the Old War. country lifo can supply, and iiicy looked upon it as tlio very spot they had both pined for so long. But a good deal of building and alteration were needful before they could bo comfortably settled. Meanwhilo they were detained in London by official duties. On February 3rd, 1803, their second child was boi'n at the Admiralty, a son named William Rico -I'lifrlni : Lord Dyi ]\Ir. Markh )f Bt ,'nevor, and Mrs. JMarkham. At this time the discovery of Dr. Jonnor was be- coming famous, and ho had received his great reward from parliament in tlio previous year. The two littlo boys. Jack and Rico, were vaccinated by Dr. Jenner himself on December 21)th, 1803. Admiral Markham found a shrewd and most intelli- gent companion in his wife, who grasped the bearings of the various political and administrative (juestions in which ho was interested, understood their details, and took a great interest in their discussion, but always, except when her feelings Avere enlisted in the defence of the O[)prossed, with diffidence and from the point of view of an inquirer. She was gifted with tact and the power of ready sympathy, and was very popular. After tlio retirement of the Addington ministry, they had time to pay visits to Dynevor, to tlie Mark Keri-s, and to Yorkshire; and they were busy with their building at Ades. In the spring of 1805 Mrs. Markham was at Ades with the two little boys, while the admiral was detained in London by parliamentary duties, and wrote daily letters to her, " wanting nothing but to be free of politics and to live at home with my dearest Alaria and boys. I have more than my share of fighting just now, as we have these attacks nearly every night, and - Home. 253 it worries mo." IIo goucrally dined with fiOrd Dynovor or the Laws, when not dining ont ; and on May 18th, 1805, ho was at the yearly meeting of ohl Westminsters at Lord Mansfiohl's house in Portland Place. " I was always invited to it by his father. When he died, Sir John Hkynnor gave the dinner and I was left out. But I am thus again introduced to the honours by the son who used, in former times, to come down to dessert.'' I am going now to Lord St. Vincent, then to the House, and have a strong hope to come to you on Sunday." Tlie friendship between Lord Wycombe and Admiral Markham had never cooled, and in 180/5 they saw nnich of each other. Lord Wycombe consulted his friend on his own affairs, embracing several delicate points. His father, the first Marquis of Lansdowne, died in May, 1805, leaving Lord Wycombe to suc- ceed him, and his other son, Lord Henry Petty, then not quite twenty-five, to maintain the political credit of the famdy for statesmanship and administra- tive talent. The first marquis, as Lord Shelborne, had been prime minister, and received the highest praise that was ever bestowed on any one in that position. Jeremy Bentham said of him, " Ho was a minister who did not fear the people." The new mai>juis had to return his father's ribband and George to the king. " \w a conversation of twenty minutes 1 never saw the remotest trace of indisposition." His father died on May 7th, I8O0, and a fortnight after- wards, on the 21st, he ^^•rote from Basingstoke : — " You were perfectly right. I have been better * In iifier y«iu"s the tradition was kejjt up liy Lord Xorniantdn, wlio used to fh.' The marquis died, a(?ed foi-ty-foui-, on N()vend)er 1.5th, IcSOD, and, liavin*^ no children, he was succeeded in all his honours and estates by his half-brother, Lord Henry Petty, as third Marquis of Lansdowne. A third child was born at Ades, on August 1 Gth, 1 MOo, a boy who was named Frederick — Patrliil: the Earl of Mansfield, Mr. Dorrien Magens, the Honour- able ]\Irs. Rice." In February, 1800, Mrs. Markham was again at the Admiralty, but in a different house. " I like it better than the one we lived in before, because it looks into the garden." She stayed at South Audley Street until it was ready, and took possession on March (Uh. Next day she went to court : " The greatest crowd I ever remember. Maria Law was presented."' Mrs. ] * He marrii'd Afrs. Cillanl, widow of Dukf (iiflUrd, of (.'astlc Jovdon, county ^fcath. ' Now at Morland. * Wife of Mrs. Markham's brotluT Edward anddauglitiT of ('iciicial I.ascL'ltcs, IndtliiT of tlu) first Va\i\ of Haicwond. Slic died in IS32. ' llcr Ini.sliand's nii'i:('. On Au^'iisl l.'kh, 1810, she was nianicd to tlie Right Honourable Sir George Clerk, Hart., of IVnitniik. He was a Lonl of till' Admiralty in Lord Liverpool's Ministry, also in 18l!.s.,'{(). Seeretary of the Treasury 1831-3r), ami IHll-IT). He died Deeeiulier Home. 'i.i Mai'kliam road all the reports of tlio commission and took a fi^roat intorost in tlio impoaclimcnt of Loi-d Melviilo. The ti-iid was a solemn farce, as his lordship's miscondnct and unfitness for public employment had been established by his own admissions. But a trial in Westminster Hall, with the attendant ])ageant, was a very interesting sight. " May lOth. Went to Lady KlIenl)orough's l)0x to the trial. Heard the most excellent and persuasive speech from Sii- Sanuiel Romilly, who summed up the charges against Lord Melville. May LJtli. Went ^o the trial with the ('Urzons, ami heai'd Mr. Plumer's defence. On the Kith, to the trial to hear Mr. Pigot open the reply. Juno 12th. The lords acquitted Lord Melville. I went to the trial. The admiral went to Lord Lansdowne's mascpierade. Lord Dynevor and Lord Mansfield vot(,'d against the acquittal." When her husband was at tlie House she often had her sisters-in-law, Anne and Cecy, or Jose])hine,'* to come and dine with her, sometimes taking them to the opera. On May 25th she was invited to dine at South Audley Street for a special reason, to meet Lady Bath" and her daughter, Lady Mary Thynne. The reason 2;inl, ISO". Laily Clerk dii'tl at 1 18, I'^aton Square, on ScptonilitT 7tli, ISGG, lcaviii,L; six sons and two dauglitors. " Se(^ page 162. • Tliis was Lady Elizabeth Cavcndisli r.entinck, daiifjlitor of tlic .•'('(■iinil Duke of Portland, by tlie j,'reat liciress, J.ady Margaret Cavcn- disli llarlcy. She was a sister prcscMit, and as soon as \\w trrcniony was over tlicy drove ofl' to IJnlsti-odo." ' A week aftoi wai'ds they all went to Caonwood, to nu'rt Osbonio and Lady Mary, diniiij^ and sleeping there. The two sistors-in-law bccanr.! great friends during tlie few more years fliey had to live. In July the Admiral and his wife returned to their home at Ados, of which they were becoming very fond, and on August 1st Mrs. Markham went with her three little b(»ys and the Dynovors to Eastbourne. There was no comfortable place for her to sit in at church, which prevented her going, so she sat on the sands with the children, and superintended their bathing. With the Dynevors she dr(n'e to Beachy Head, I'evensey Castle, Tinrstmonceaux Castle, and to see the decoy for wild fowl in Mr. Thomas's grounds.'' It was a pleasant sunny time. Her fourth child was born very suddenly at East- bourne, a girl named Maria Frances,'' on Septem- ber iJJth, 1800 — ratn'ni: Lady Dynevor, IMi's. God- dard,' Mr. Ewan Law. Next day the news canu? t)f Mr. Fox's death, and soon afterwards that Lord ' Iiiilstnulc, in r>iiikinj,'lmiiisliirc, was tlic scat of Liuly Mary Mavklmm's uncle, the Duke of I'ltrtliiml, wlm siiccccdcd Ldid GriMi- villo us jirimc niinistcr, iiml ilicd in ISUO. ^ Inigo Frccinan, son i>f Aitlnu' Freeman, liy Marj^aret, dauglitcr of Sir George Tlionias, Dart., wick would surcccd him Mini Mr. Civnvillo would couu' to tlio Adniii-iilly. Oil Octohcr 21st Afrs. ^farkliniu wont up to tlic Adniindty TToiiso from Adcs, and found tliat, as Illf. (ircnville was a baclicU)!', slio would have flio jifardcn almost (Mitiix'ly to licr.st'If. Tlio archbi.slioj)'.s family camo to town on Docomlx'f Otli, and slio ufjain had Aniu' iind Josciihino to diiio with her whcMiovcr she was alotio, and took llu'in to hoar Catahnii. Tho archhishop had a fifrcat family-^,^'lthol•in<|f in South Audloy Stroot on Christmas Day, iSOtJ. It was tho last ; tho day warm and quito unliko wintor. All tho sons and daughters wore thoro, and many grandchildren, in- cluding little Jack and Rico. They sat down twenty, four to dinner. Tho vacant place was unforgotten — tho memory of bravo young David was still dearly loved and cherished. Next day the admiral and his wife took their little boys to see Kxoter Change and a panorama. On April 24th they wont to thank tho archbishop for his generous present of lOOU/. for the Ijuilding at Ados. They had finally left the Admiralty, and on May-day, 1807, they went home; she happy to return with her man released from official trammels. "Ho h.as been looking sadly and is overworked," she wrote ; but tho coun^.ry occupations at Ados Avould soon restore him to full health, and remove her anxieties. !5S A Niival Ciurcf durine; ihr Old H'ltr ("1IA1»TKI{ XX. SKl'.MJATKiNS. OxK SivikIm}' nftt't'iiooii ill NovciiilxT, :it liall'-pasl one, the adininil iiiid his wife wore sit tint;' in tlif> drauiii^- I'oom after chureh. A soi'vunfc j^-allopcil past, the window. Then a letter was liroii^-lit in — the arch- bishop was so ill tiiat thi'v did not, e.\[)i>et liiin to live many hours. AV'ithin an Jioiu" they srt oil for Ldnilon and arrived there at half-past ei^ht. *' 'riic arelihishop was still alive and did not seem to suffer. About an hour l)efore he liad kissed eacli of his ehildi-en that were pi'csent. Hnt afterwards, except tliat he once put out his iiand to the admiral, he schmikmI to take no notice of auvtliinii-. We sl(>i)t at I'ortULral Street with the Osborne Markhams. On November 2nd we were all day in South Audley Street, the archbishop contimun,t,' in th(! same state. On the 'Avd, at ten o'clock, the a(hniral was seid for. Tliey thou^^'ht tlu^ archbishop was j^'one, but he breathed a<^;iin, and seemed (juitc easy when I got there. At elevi'ii o'clock he breathe'd his hist without a groan. Mrs. Markliam, Anne, Cecilia, the admiral, llobert, and Osl)orne were at tlic bed-side, and could hardly tell the moment. Lady ^lary, myself, Hessv,' and .losephinc' wci'e in the ilSSV w as l',li/;ilp(tli, clilfst ilaii;^lilir of tliu l)i'u:i nf Yolk lliu aiiiiliislidji's tliiiil soil. SI if was Mini uii A JStli, 17'JU. S(-/>(irii'/(>/ts, 259 little (li'('ssiii,u'-r<>i>iii wlicii ('crilia cnnc in to ti'il .Iiiiii1i, IM'i, I' y Wiis iii.niiiil in II (Miisty dill u'imii'imI 11,11 1 1,'iilMiii' liiiiikiii,*,in I « i.-^ tni^iiDiil l'> liiili:i willi liiiii. I'.iil .-I iiM ii.il 1m ,ir 1.1 111' -i| ,ir,ili'i| j'l.iiii iicr IVirlnl, suit \\:\rt ariali,L;nl llial .lii-r|iliiiii' liniiM ;ii'i'iiiii|i,i.iy liii, (ii'l|i'l;ii l)ip|ikiii \v,is 111' a Very ji'mIhih ilis]iM-iliiiii, aiiil rmilil 1, :l riiiliiir his wil'r likiii- ;iii\lhiii- 111- .iiiylii'ily liiii liiiii-i'lf. till Im, , nil till' --iiiii ll" lir-.iii til 111 lit licr \ iiiiiiL,' ll ii'inl with ili r.iiiiti >y, .mil Mt l,i>t, with siirli 1 nil till it y 1 1 lilt it cxrilcil till' iinliLiMliiiii nt' lii.tli 1 > jitiiiii iiinl ]iiissi.n,i,'rrs. Alimllv' ill" lilltiT tlirli' Wil'- il yiillll.l,' nlliii'V, llHllliil I 'llililuirk, wlliisi) |ii'y I'm- tilt' I'liiiini; ;,'iii un"v iiitn lovi . lie cm i'i'att:il linr tn niiiriy liilii lliiil hi: liii.;lit liiivi! lhi. ii;^ht to innti'il liiT. At liHl sliu loll- sclitril, iiiiii ihr iiiiii liii.;i' iTiriiii.liy \V;is |ir| I'linui'il iluiillu' tin' Voyii;;!! liy ( '.iptiiiii Ihivi-iilr, th" r.i|itiiiii 111' tin; -^lii; . 'I'liry liiinlril. Till' iiniikiii^ Wiiil iiji I'lniiitry. IVmr I'li'^sy l;;ivi> liirlh t'l ;i Imy iit A-ni mi I )r.riiiiii.i' L'lih, 1^17. ;iii.| ili.'il iit .Mrrrut in AiI,l;iisI, 1,><|.'^. Tlir I 'hilihu.k-^ NMIiI tu llwli'luliinl, \>1iiTI' .liisi'|i!iilin yiivi' hiitli til il I "V, iiinl ilii'il nil Aii-ii>l 1 nil, 1.'<1 J. Till' twii lillh' hoys Unil 111. nil' ill tin' Sillur l-hi|l In tllr I Irilll nj' ^ nlk, ill .S| nkl'sll'y, ill ^'lll■kshil^. .liiiiii's iMiirkh.iiii ('hii|iuis ( 'liiulu ii'k Wiis snil tn ii ;-rhnll| at ('llrl.-r;l, wlirlT 111' L,'"! lu'lliil ill lUllllillL: illnl llll'll lliltlll'll. Ill' ^vils sfi/nl with illihss, mill ilinl mi L:i'ly .Miiii^lirM's lii]i mi .Inly Mill, l.'^-'l, a^iil sr\ I'll yi'iiis. Ill cnlllsi' nl' tiliii' .Miijnr rllinlwirk rilllli' linlui', illul ujl.llllir I'lh, ll^L'.'i, lir lllilirii'il Alllli' Miirkllillll, il.lll.^'lltrl- nl ill.' I •.■ill! of ^'nlk, till! sisliT nl r.rssy iiml t'lirllil nf .lnsi|iliilU'. II is si'i'iillil clailglllrl' Wiis iimiiiil .Iiisi.|iliiiu'. >it'.\t. gnii'l Tliniiias llavi.siilo, tlu' ciqi- lilill nftlK; sliipi whn hail llimiii'il .Insi'lillilic ChuiHlis to JailH'S Chail- wirk, Cilllir llnllir, illul nil MiUvll Mill, 1 ■'^iiS, lll.lll ii'il l''li'ili-| ieil .Miiikhiiiii, iiiinlhi'i' il,iii.i4liti'r nf Ihr I 'I'.iii nl' Vmk. Miijni' Chiuhvirk ilicil in ISn'J; his .-irmul wif.' in l.><70, ii^cil •srvoiitv-livc. Ciiiitiiiii lliivisiili' ilii'il ill [f^*'r2 ; his wife in j.sr.;!. • Then ahmil lil'ty-livL'. Hi; liml si'ivcil iit .Miutiiiiijiu) umlir (Ifiu'riil (ji'cy, ill IT'.lt ; fmiiiiiiiuilrd ii In-i.^iuic iit TiihiViTii, iiiul Wiw ilUiii'tur-iiiiislt i'-L;i'iii'riil in llii' .Mi-iliicriMiiiiiii. llr Wiis imw ;^niii:^ mil uitli tliu saiiio ii|iiiniiitini'iil ill Iinliii. In l.'^ll hi' lin-inii' niiij'm gciural ; gciur.il, l."^.'!.'^, K.Cl!. Ih' Wii-" gnvc imr n[ ihr ( 'ai.!! /nr 26o .-1 Naval Career durino the Old J Car. us. ITow liap]w a conclusion of a most virtuouR life!'"' " On Xoveuibcr 4tli Mrs. I/iw and Mrs. Barnctt camo up from I'utucy. Lady Mary and I remained in Portugal Street, thinking it better to leave them all quiet. On tho 5th wo spent the evening in South Audloy Street, and found them better than we could have hoped for. On the Otli Mr. and Mrs. Williaiu ]\rarkham arrived from Becca, and dined Avitli us in Portugal Street. Next day the Dean of York arrived. Tho executors aro coming to town. They arc tho Dean of Christ Church,=^ Mr. Batt,' and Mr. Burton." ° '^ He Avas ill liis I'i^'lity-iiiiitli year. 1'lioro arc^ two jKirtraits of tlio ai'clibislioji liy Sir .Jusluia lleynolds : oiu! in Clirist Church Kali at Oxford, jia'iitod in 17C0; tho other in tlio liiniiij^'-room at ]'>i.sli wile. j62 // jYirz'ii/ Career duriuo- the Old ITor Dr. Cyril Jackson, Dciiii of Christ Cluircli, Mr. I^att, atid Mr. Burton ; Dr. Carry, head msistcr of West- minster, Mr. T. Smith, the liev. II. P. Goodenough, soon to be a son-in-law, and eleven gi'andcliildren. Of tliese William Law was a student of Christ Church, and four were Westminstei' boys. Edwai-d Law was then captain of tlie school ; young Williaui ^larkham, of TJeecn, George, the Dean's son, and G. Ewan T^aw, were little boys. John and Uiee, the ailniiral's sons, I'jwau Law, and the archdeacon's son l?obert, were children. John Barnett and William ]\lills completed the grand- sons present. The service was performed by Dr. Vincent, the Dean of Westminster. On tlic 18th Lord and Lady Mansfield arris'ed from Scotland. The admiral and his wife, after the funeral, went for a visit to Lord and l>:Hly Dynevor at Barriugton, and then returned to Ades. Alauv interests were ffrowinu" up round their country home. The admiral was beginning to devote his thouglits to ])lanting trees ami to agriculture, and 1 hey took niiiiiy pleasant walks together. Tliey were often over at lianimerwood with her sistei', and at llorstcd with the Laws, and were foiTiiUig intimacies with the neighltoiu's. Mvery week, or oftener, thei'e was a walk to the llooke to see the I'ooles, as well as nnicli agreeable intercourse with the Pai'tingtons, ShilVners, and Ingrains. ^Irs. Mai'k- Tiiu Ii'isli toiitiiiu lu lii;^ (l;iiij,'lit(>r-<. Two s^liari's nf KK)/. caili in the Barn.sk'y Canal, one tu lii.s ilaiiL^littT Ci'cilia, lliu otlirr to .lo.s iiliiiic Cliaj)iiis, tlieii (I minor. J'.asl India and Jiank !^lui'k in trust, interest to ))e paid tci liis wifo for hor lil'c, tiien to lii.>< .son William alisoliitily. Tlio iiortrails nf tliu archliishnp^ at lUsiioiitliorpc arc li'I't {<• liis BnccL'.ssiir.s as lirirl(i>ini>. 'I'iu! rest nf the |irii|i(Miy In lie divided eipully amoJi- lu.-: .sous, except Uolieit'o .-liaie, lu be in tru.-,t. Separations. 263 li.ani very regularly took notes of Sir Ilenrj' Poole's excellent sermons, and passed inueli of her time in teaching or walking and playing with lier little boys. She and her husband read together very systema- tically. In 1808, among other books, were Scott's "Lay of the Last Minsti'el," "Romance of the Pyrenees," " Life of Madame do Maintenon," Lord '''eigniiiouth's " Life of Sir William Jones," " Letters and Life of Mrs. Carter" — the translator of Epic- tetiis, — "Romance of the Foi'est," and " Corinne," by ]\la(lainc de Stael. She noted down her thoughts ant! remarks touching all she I'ead. In the winter of 1807-8 a dreadful enemy made its appearance. The Admiral's eldest brother and the dean had long suffered from gout As loug ago as Novem- ber ;3rd, 1803, Lord St. Vincent had written his regrets from Roehetts that the gout should have api)eared so early in life. That was a mere tluvaten- ing. Now the admiral had a regular attack, lie was only forty-six. Condolences and advice arrived from all directions. Lord George Cavendish * sent him a proscription. The Dean wrote to advise against quack medicines of all kinds. " William, and Chohuley of llowsluun," take cart-loads of calomel. So do not you. A first fit ia a ' AfUnwavils (•rciitnl I'.avl of Ijinlin,!,'lon. " .Mr. II. I'":iii(\ wlio iiKUTiiil Catlic'iiuo Clinlmley, of Wliithy anil llowsliaiii, ill 1771, ami todl^ tli'' naiiio of Cliolnik'y. He died in ISO!), ("allici'iiu', tin.' iii'iri'ss, w,;s daiiglitor of Xatlianii'l Glnilniluy, of Wiiilliy ami Ilowshani, liy C'atlu'riiu', daiii^litcr of Sir iiowlaiul AN'iiiii, of XosIl'II. Her stcpimillnT wa.'S Hunrielta, (laughter of Strjilu'ii Ci'oft, 'if Stillington, ami aunt nf young Croft in the 264 A Naval Career during the Old I Far. trifle to what comes after." Mr. Law wrote the best advice. '* I am sorry to hear from William that you are suffering from an unequivocal fit of gout. I think you have had symptoms before, but not a regular fit. It is, I am persuaded, a distemper of the stomach, and whatever sets that right is good for it — moderate exercise, plain food, little wine, in short whatever pro- motes general health. The heartburn belongs to the gout ; to prevent it I am obliged to leave ofi" beer of all kinds, certain wines, much fruit, and salads. When I transgress I generally feel the effects of it more or less." The year 1808 brought another sorrow. Anno Markham, the gentle sympathetic girl of the Centaur days, was called away. " October 4th. The post brought me the sad news of dear Anne's death. ^ She had a fall out of the garden-chair on Saturda}^, from which time she kept her bed. She died yesterday at twelve o'clock in the day at Roehampton, where she was staying. She has been suffering near a year. I had a long account of poor Anne's seizure fi'om Jo.:5e- pliine. She has left 300U/. to Mrs. IJarnett, 1000/. to Josephine, 500/. to Bess, 200/. a piece to caeli of the Kelly girls, ^ and all the rest to Cecilia, except her watch, which goes to Josephine." iVniie was buried on October 11th, 1808, in her father's grave in the north cloister of Westminster Abbey. Cecilia, the youngest of the archbishop's children, ' 8h(; was Lorn ]M;iy 2r)tli, 1778,011(1 liiiptizod at St. Gcovgd's, lllooinslmry, on .luni' lUth. Her ngo was tliirty. - Proljiihly il;iughter.s of tlic Kcv. G. 1). Kelly, in tlio .saino cloction at AVcsitniinstfr with Duiiu Markluini, and afU'rwards Canon lii.'t-iden- tiary of York, 18Ui-23. i Separations. 265 \ \ born on February 9th, 1783, and now therefore twenty-five, was thus left alone with her mother. But she had been engaged for some time to the Rev. Robert P. Goodenongh, Rector of Carlton, in Notting- hamshire, and son of the Bishop of Carlisle, who had been chaplain to her father. He was thirty-three. They were married on December 6th, 1808, and went to Roehampton for a few weeks before going to Carlton.' The year 1800 was passed very happily at Ades and in London. In March they took a house at No. 2, Queen Street for a few weeks, and the admiral sat for his picture to Sir William Becchey.' On May 11th his wife went to sit with him at the studio. It is a fine portrait, rather old-looking for his age, and with an anxious expression, but on tlie whole pleo^hig and life-like.'' Ho holds i\\Q bill for a Commission of Naval Enquiry in liis hand. They passed the summer and autumn and most of the next year at Ades, only paying a visit to old Lord St. Vincent at Rochetts, and to Barrington. They were getting more and more attached to their home, ' Mr. Ooodonougli, who had hcen for some j'oars tutor and censor at C'luist Clmrcli, died in 1826. His yotnigcr brotlier, Kdniund ("lUodiMiouKli, WHS liciid iiinstcr of Wi'stniinstcr, 1819-28, and 1 (can of AVolls, 1831-45. lie was father of tlu; lato Conniiodore Goodenougli, K.N., c.r.. Cfc.iliaCioodpnough, on her lnisl)and's death, rcMnoved to a liouse at Heath, near Wakefield. .SIio died there on March 30th, 18G5, aged eightvone. She had nine chilthcn, of whom threo sons and four daughters grew up. • Tlio picture was for L(U'd St, Vincent, wlio, liowever, gave it to Admiral Markham eventually. ^ >i'ow at Mnrland. .V copy, by Mrs. Muntg^'Uiery, aud a pencil sketch arc at l>esscl^ < iicen. 266 A Naval Career durute the Old War. and absorbed in their cliildren, althoup^b parliamentary- duties still called the admiral away occasionally. Then tliere was a daily letter — " Make the boys <^t>t their five declensions well by heart, also qm, qiuv, quod, pei'fect." In 1810 they Avcre almost entirely at Ades. The admiral's sister and her husband, j\rr. and ]\Irs. Ewan Law, came to live at Ilorsted, only a few miles from Ades, in this year, and they had visits from Osborne and Lady INEary. They were very hapj)y. All was bright and pleasant in their lives. He had won the rest he had yearned for, and she was peacefully' content in his love. J\Irs. ]\Iarkhani was much beloved by her neighbours, rich and jtoor. But the end li;nl conic. The Honourable ]\Iaria ]\Iarkhani died in childbirth at tlie house of her brother, Lord Dynevor, in Dover Street, on Decem- ber 22n(l, ISIO, aged thirty-seven. The man-child died two days afterwards. She Avas buried on the 29th in that same north cloister of Westminster Abbey, where so luany of her husbiind's kindred rest." She was placed beside that good old second fatlier whom she had loved so well, and by that affectionate girl Avho had been her early friend. The bright, warm-heax led, clever companion, with her kindly forethought and tact, was gone for ever. The happy home, enjoyed for so few years, was desolate. The husband was left, in a life now all dark and clouded to the end, to face his duties for her sake ; and he did so manfully enough, ° Hrr Imillicrs and sister Imi.c,' survivMl Iicr. I.urd Dynevor died ill 18"'2, :i,i,'(d ci^^lity-scvcii ; U\v IloiimiralJp mid ]\uv. Edward Kici' (wlio was Draii of (lloucrsler), in lSi)2, agi^d ci,L;lity-six ; and Mrs. ])orrit'ii iMagi'iis in ISL'O, ani'd s('V( nty-oiu!. 'I'lic dean iiianicd a daui^diter of (ieiu ral La^cillis, 1i1(j11ii'1' of llic liisL J:]arl of llarewnod, and I'l'Miii liiiii dw^cciids tlic jireseiil Lord Dyneviir. Scpaj-alions. 267 Other losses followed. Tlie good, kind old mother I died ill Mortimer Street, aged seventy-five, on January '2Gtli, 181 1', and was buried in the north cloister by the archbishop's side, on February Hrd.' A month later and young Lady Mary ]\[arkham was no more." She died in Park Place, St. James's, aged thirty-six, on February 27th, ISM-, and was buried in the north cloister also, on ^March ;3rd. A white marble mural tablet, with a Latin inscription, was put up to her memoi-y." The admiral's eldest brother, William, died at Becca on January Lst, 18L"), ami was buried at Aberford. His had been a life of iiiueh suHeriug.^ ' I'.y licr Will she iliviilnl lirr ]iroi»'rty oipuilly anioiiL; Irt (lini.ulilci's, and Id't a marlilc Im.-l ui tlir arcliliislidp to tlir Hi'iin (if Ciirisl t'hiiivli, Oxfonl fnr tlii' tina; iHiiif,', I0 lie iilacuil in tlio I'dlN',;^!' lilirary. » ()>lM,iiirMaikliani lia.l two cliiMivn l.y I,a.!y -Mavy 'riiyiinc. ^fary, limn Si'iitcinlici-, L".llli, 1 S 1 li ; inarrinl nn .lnn<' ISlli, ls;M, Id I'hiliii C. Shciiiianl, i'-sij., ami li'll a widdw in ls7i) with fdurtrcn cliiMivn. Oslidnic, lidin Fdauary Stli, lSl-l,at W.'stniiiistcT Scliodl ; (■ntiavd till.' army in ]S;!1, cMptain in the WlwA Kr,uini. ;it. II. ■ dii^il unniairii'il (in N.ivrnilu l-'Uli, JS-t", a.ucd tliiily-tliivc. » The date dn the inscriptidn is Frlnuary I'^tli, which is a mistake. ' There is a pditrait df Mr. Markha:n, whfn a ydiinj; man, by dainshdrdii-h, and a miniature _/w«,v Clements ];. .MaiVh, m. MARKIIAMS BURIED IX TIIK NORTH CJ.UiaTKK OF WKSTMINSTKR AliUKV. I. Miijiir "William >r.arkliaiii, IniricJ Juno Isl, 1771. II. 0('(irj,'iiia .Markliam, Imricil Juno 1st, 17l)."5. III. ColdiK^l Kiiocii Markliam, iMiriccl January :2(Jtli, hSUl. IV. (loor^'c Markliam, burit'd February Glli, 1 801. V, Archbishop of York, buried Novcmher 11th, 1807. VI. Anne Markliam, buried Ouldber lltli, 1808. A'll. Honourablo Maria Markliam, liuried December L'iith, 1810. VIII. Mrs. Sarah Markliam, buried February :5rd, 18H. IX. Lady Mary Markliam, liuried March ;3id, 18M. I. Major William JIakkiiam. V. Archbishop of York =: VIII. Sarah. III. Kuotli. IV. (Jcoixf. II. VI. Anno. VIT. Ibm. Admiral IX. L.nily __ OBborno Gcorgiua. Maria. Markhum. Mary Markhuiii. BAPTISMS IX WESTMIXSTKR AUIJEY. William Markliam, I\Iay 3rd, 17G0. David Markliam, September 23rd, 17GG. 269 CHAPTER XXI. THE END. Admikal Mark ri am became a widower at the ago of forty-nine. He continued to live fit Ades, and to face his sorrow for tlio sake of his chikh'en. Ho often went to see his <^rand old chief at Rochetts, and ho attended to his parliamentary work. But all tho pleasure of life was gone for ever. In 1812, after the assassination of Mr. Percival, there was a general election. The admiral went down to Portsmouth, and he and Sir Thomas Miller wero re-elected. But Sir Thomas died in 1816, and Mr. John Carter became the second member. Mr. Carter ' had been Mayor of Portsmouth, and the admii^al's chief supporter in the borough. He was now to bo his colleague for the next ten years. In March, 1813, Admiral Markham carefully discussed the Navy Esti- mates. In 181G he took part in several debates in tho House of Commons, relatir v to naval affairs. He made a strenuous effort in a speech, during the consideration of tho Navy Estimates, on March 25tli, 18 lO, to get Avounded pensioned officers in tho navy placed on tho ' He became ^Fr. liouluiin CailiT in 1821), and siit for rortsnioutli frnni ISIG to 1838. llis son is John lionliiini Carter, Ksq., of Adhurst, St. i\Iury ; M.P. for ^VinL•llebter, 1818-74; Lord of tlie Treasury and Chairman of (Committees. 270 A Naval Career tiiiriiii^ the Old ll'ar. siuno footiii!;' with their hrc'iluvn in Iho nriny of tlic sanio rank; iiiul to secure a hefter position for ohi lieutenants. His spieehes produced a perfect slioal of f^-rateful letters. In iSlS thei'e was another dissolution. The contest was foiiG^ht with unusual bitterness, and allhouu'h half till' constituencies were at the disposal either of the novernnuMit or of sonu; I'ieh man, yet there were a hunih'ed contesttMl elections; Ijron^hani iiad the amhicity to ti!j,'ht Westmoreland auainsl the fiout hers, and at Westminster RonuUy was returne(l at tlie head of the polh [n the city four opposition mend»ers were returned. Since his retircuunit frcuu ollice. Admiral Markliani had beloufi^ed to the party of Lord (jrey, his old cliief at the Admiralty. lie always voted with Lord Althor[)e ami Mr. Tierney on (pu'stions relating- to the reform of administ rative abuses. So the o'overn- mcnt determined to turn him out of Vortsiuouth. They sent rt, a clei'ical alder- man,^ who had always suppoi'ted liim, and now turned round from interested motives. He was disgusted and wearied. Jle tohl them that hi- had been I'lected lor ' Till' I'cv. (!cin'!;o Cutlilicit's ,L,'i';inilfaliii'r wis .In'im ( 'utlihcrt, I'lsii., of \\'i'st iIi'rrii).L.'ti)ii, in J )uriiain, v.Imi was ivri'iiiilrr cil' Xrw- fastlc. His lalliiT was Dr. L'uliilirrt, iilivsirian tn the ;,'ai'iisijii at I'dilsiiidutii, win) iiiiUTic'l Aimi', (laiiyhlfKjf llic ]\r\-. I'.vau Join's, Vicar 4if I'.irtsi'a. I)i'. CutiiliiTl (lied, aLji.'il .sixl ;:, in 177l', iraviiiL; an only Kon, till' iifv. I i('(ji;nt? ( 'utlilii'ii, a 1 icliciHlary of \'u\k, io'ctor of Shaw- cuni-l >onniii;4t.on. in Ili'iksliiri', and an Alilcrniau of I'oitMiionlli llo diijil in ISl'I), ai^cil si'vcnty-si'vcii. A mural talilct, to the lucniory of iallicr anil son, witji their anus (a/.uif on a fcss i^iilrs, thri'u cross crosslcts litclicu or), i?i on tiic .-^outh wall of lliu chancel oi SI. Thomas's church, at IVu'tsniouth. The End. i27I seventeen years, in five successive parliaments, and tliat lie declined a contest. Ife told Cockhiirn tliat, if it could have been avoided, lie would have i)referred that the man who turned him out should not have beiMi a personal I'rieiid and an old messmate. Admiral IMarkham had sent his tliree hoys to West- minster, lie now determined to put .Jack and JJico in a ]wiih!<))i in France i'or masters, while Fred remiiiiicd at school. Tiiey were lails of sixtecMi and seventeen. ();i September 7th, LSlW, the father and two sons k't't. l{ri,u,'ht()n for l)ie[)[)e in the Xcjitidii: ])aeket of seventy tons, and landed after a passa^'e (jf fourteen hours. They then went on to J'aris in ii dilit:ene(\ vestiiiL;' a day at Kouen on the way. The admiral found his lirother Robert and family at Paris, and fiord and l.ady .Manstield established in a house called Belle Vue, near Sevres. They were much in French society, and at the court ot Louis XVJLl. Tjcavinj^ J'aris on ihe^^iid, the admiral and his sons reached Kaiiey on the iJdtli, and tlie lads were estab- lished with file family of a M. Ferry. 'I'hey were to have niastei's for French, fencinij;-, and dancing, and Mr. Middletou, their Fnjj,'lish tutor, -was to attend to their other studies. The father lingered long -with them, and could not tear himself away until the end of October " Octol)er '2!'th. Took leave of the boys with an aching heart, and left them to the care of Almi'ditv (jiid." Jle returned bv Jtlieims and Amiens to Boulogne, where he took a glass of brandy, the first spirits he had tasted for thirty-Lhree years — that is, since 178-j.^ lie reacheil home in November, where Wlu'ii ill' Wiis in llir SjJii/iur ill lln' Moditi-'iiiim;aii. 2 72 A jVava/ Career durim^ the Old War. his litth^ adforJ, married in 1757 "William liickutts, of Canaan, in Jamaica, who iliwl in 1707. Ilor childron were Cai)taiu AV. II. Jervis, li >;., ilruwnwl in 1805; Kilwanl, isouond Viscount St. Vincent ; and Jfar^', Countess of ^'ortllesk. She died in 1829, aged ninety-six. rif r.mf. • I >> nil f he ci'f.'ition of tlic viscdiitit y in Isiil.iiiid \v;is ;i (•;i|>t!iiii ill tlic iinvy. By liis wife, Ludy I'lli/tilti t li Tifimlijirf, (laii^'litrr of the (lili \\\\\\ of (';iv!ui,li(' li;i(i two , mid llcniii ttii. r!i|it;iiii ,F(>i'\is \v!is in coninuiiKl of one of the ships forniinjif tlic IJi'cst hlockiidiuL!; sijUJidron in KSO"), iiiid WHS drowned, owin, 1iut lie died in 1S30. Uy the desire of the family the tiiak was nndertuken liy his son, ^Ir. Jedediah S. Tueker, and the ".Memoirs of Lord St. Viiiient" (2 veils. I'lentiey) were tndili.shed inlStt. Mr. Jedediah Tucker died in 1S.">.'). T 2 74 '''^ jVazur/ Career during the Old War. wood, ill Essex, Avliich wiis liis favourite and coristant rt'sideiice, to liis eldest niece, Mi's. Markliaiii. Slie took the name of Jervis in accordance with an injunction of the Will, and she and her husband continued to live at Rochetts." Here Admiral Markhani often visited them in the hist years of his life. The Admiral lost his brother (jeorg-e in 1822. The Dean of York died suddenly at Scone Palace in Pertli- shii'e, the seat of his brother-in-law, Lord ]\Iansfield, on September 30th, leaving two sons and seven daughters. As dean he devoted all his energies to the duties of his post, and especially tc the re[iai!'s and improvement of the minster. Before long he had so impi'oved the estates devoted to the support of the fabric, thiit he was enabled to provide funds for carry- ing out extensive and solid repairs. In 180'.> he renew^ed the roof of the north tninsept. In 1813 he restored the ancient chapel of the palace of the arch- bishops, and fitted it u)i for the rece])tion of the largo and valuabh; library of the Denn and (Jhnpter. In 1811- he obtained the removal of a long I'aiige of un- sightly buildings from the north side of the minster, and lowered the ground at the west end, so as to admit of a fitting entrance to the noble edifice. In the four years following 1817, almost the whole of the south side underwent complete repair and restora- tion ; and in the course of Dean Markliam's tenure ' Mr. O.sbome ]\riii'kliiuii ilioil at- I'nclictls (ui October 22ii(l, 1S27, aii'l was buried at Smitli Weald, wliere tliere is a iiKiiuiiiniit to liis memory in the eliureli. liy Mrs. Ji;rvi.s lie had a daughter, .Murtlia, Ijurii in London on March 2nd, 1824. In 1S48 .she married the Kev. William Ileidey I'eaison, son of the 1 >eaii of Salishniy, and had a ('aii^liter, lliinora, married to Mv. Lysonn. On the death of her motiier, in 18(i"), Mrs. I'earson took th" name i>f .leivis. Her husliand died on .laiiuaiy 27th, 1SS:5. TIic Iiud. 2/5 tlie niinstoi" was mado to nssuiiu', in its ('xt(>ri(»r, the .ippearancc it now presents.'* Diirins^ this time liis exertions never ceas(Hl ; he pnrsned an nntiring course, and was eventnally rewarded by seeing- liis catliedral the best-conditioned, at that time, in tlie country. He was an excellent preacher, with a melodious voice and (Tood delivery. Ho had a large fund of original humour, and his deanery in the minster yard [now gone] was the centre of gennine hospitality and kindness," The dean's five unmarried daughters came to live at Ightham in Kent.' Frederick, the Admiral's youngest son, had entered college at Westminster in 1820, and remained there until 1824, when the Duke of York gave him a com- mission in the 32nd llegiment. Brave, perse^ering, active, with a well-knit wiry frame and strong consti- tution, he was a general fiivouritw, and every one lamented the way in which he was obliged to leave Westminster. It ajipeai's that a good deal of drinking had been going on among the senior boys, and the head master had declared that tho; next case that came before him would be visited with expulsion. Home seniors had been on the river fm* a long pull, in Api-il, 1824, and on reti;i-ning, being very thirsty, they stopped at the Stairs and had some poi'ter. FixmI drank freely, and, to the surprise of the others, was quite overcome. He.nnist have been ill or had a " His (tlcrk ol' llic works was Mr. Sclnilc " Tlicie is 11 portrait nf I'lu dean iit 45, Wdbeik .Strc(>t, iiml a lopy, jiaiiitcd liy his (lauiditcr iSarali, at licsscls ( Irccii. ' Afterwards n.'UKivin;,' to ISessels (ireeii, near SeveiKiaks. Coeilia married the l>ev. tJeof:,'n Montgomery in 1S27, Anne to Atajor Chadwick in 1825, and Frederica to Captain IIavisi(hj in 1838. Harriet, wlio died in 1872, and Sarali were never married. 76 A Naval Career during the Old JVar. slight sunstroko. On I'oacliiiig college^ liis friend, Henry Sandei's, had him put to bed, and all would have been well. But most unexpectedly names were called at a very unusual hour, and Sanders Avas obliged to say that Fred was ill, and could not answei- his nami^ The case was reported to tlie head master, and expul- sion followed, although this was not a case of deli- berate intemperance and disobedience, but an accident which might have been looked over. The case Avas never faii-ly investigated. It was assumed that there had been drinking in college, which Avas what the head master wished to stop ; but this was not the case. The letter, not the spirit, of the threat was acted upon. It was the more serio! because the time for going to ( )xford was close at hand. Fred was sent down to Ades, and " one of the monitors, H. Sanders,^ Avho has more intlucnco with him than any one," accompanied him, on Aju'il 2.'Jth. Frod I'emaiiied in the drive while young Sanders went in and Ijroke the cause of his visit to the Admiral. Soon alter Fred followed, and the oidy remark his father madi' Avas, " Well, Fred, I Avon't reproach you ; for you hiive done nothing dishonourable." The admiral eonsiderecl that his son had been ti'eated with harshness, and he told tlie head master,'' " I vieAV the '" Ili'iiry Siiiiilors was Ijnni in ISO", ainl ,l;(iI second into collogc at WL'stiiiiiistcr in 18iiO, in tlic ."-anic circh^in witli I^'i'dl Maikliam. lie went as a stuilcnl to ("liii^t Ciiuidi, Oxfcud, in l^2i, and was sfccmd class in classics in 1S27. Hi' L^iailuatcd M.A. in IS.'^O, and cntciod lioly orders. lie was liead nias'.er "f lilundcll's Ciraniniar .SehiMil, at Tiverton, and in 1847 liecanie Hector of Sowton, in |)evonsliire. In 1S7<) li(! was apiiointed Canon and Aniideacon of Kxeler. ' l)i'. Ivlniniid (loiidcnoiiuli, tlen Inad iiiasirr, fell that lie was [iledui d t(i the I'Nteiminati.in ><( i\\v haiiil of ihinkiii^, and Ihi' fad of The End. 277 case ill a vci'y (liffcreiit liuflit from tliat in wliicli you Kco it." So did otlicrs, and the Duke of York, as soon as lie licard of tlie Admiral's trouble, promised Fred a commission in the aruiy. It was sii^nc^d within tliree weeks, on IMay 13tli, LS24. As it ha]ipeued, the changfc was the hest thino- tliat could have taken jilaee. Fred was intended for a soldier, not for a student. He Avas not a lover of books or mental exertion. He was a boy of action, foremost in sports and games of all sorts, and a capital hand with the gloA'es. He was destined for a most honourable and useful car(>er in the army. His brother Rice had been at Oxford, had entered holy orders, and was curate at Chumleigh, in Devonshire. The Admiral was now past sixty, and he felt that his health was I)reaking fast. On A]iril 19th, 182(), on the eve of a general election, he addressed a letter to the ]\Iavor of Portsmouth, stating that failing health would })revent him from standing again. " I was elected meml)er for Portsmouth in 1, liowoviT, actfd liustiiy. J)r. (Joodcnou^li (lirotlicr of tin; liusliiiiid (if the Aaiin,^' ami Cailur weio ix'tunifd fidui [.-•Jd t.i 18:5S, wlicn .Mr. J'.oiiliani Carter dieil. He liiid .sit f-ince iSld, fur t weiily-lwd years, hnl not sn lonj,' as the admiral. (,'liarlie 2s'aiiier stood iinsnccessfiiliy in ls;i2 and IS,"),"), and .Sir (Jeorge Cdcklmin airain in ls;57. Jn iSllSirF. I'iarin,L;and Sir (ioorgc Slauii- |(in were rrluriied, and iii |S5:i Sir F. I'.arin;4 and Lord Munck. In IS.'t? a ( '(inseivatixi' ,t;iit in, for the first tijue, in the jjerson of Sir .lanios Fljihinstone, witli Sir I'lancis Daring'. Sir Henry Ki'iipei stood unsn(;cessfnlly in IS.")!!. Sir F". JJariii^' retired in 1S(J."), and was created Lord Northhiook. He liad sal for I'orlsinontli dnring forty years. In ISlid the nieniliers wero Stone and (iasule; in lS(iS, Stonn and F.l|iiiinNtone. In Is7l tiie lioniiural>le .1. C. Jlruco took Stone's place. In ISSt) ihe llononrable ,1. C. Jiruee and Sir l)ininniond AVolfi' weie elected, hoth Conservatives^l aptain \'erney liein<^' tlic nnsneeesslnl l.iliera! candidate. 'I'lie nundiers were, Woltl', (1683; Bruee, <;(i.'>;j ; Veriny, tJU It*. So that .\dniiral Maikliani is tiie last naval man who has repre.-enied this essentially naval horuuyii. T'w End. 2/9 jjiissai'i'e bron iStli. His daughter wrote: "We arrived at the hotel at- Genoa. The enti'ance to it struck a gloom into all of us, and a kind of presentiment into pa])a's mind." In driving to liome tlie carriage was ni)Set, and tlie invalid was nincih shaken, a'hile his son was seiaously liiirt. Tliev rested at Home during December, and arrived at Naples in .la.nuary, iS27. Admiral Mai'kluini (he(l at Naples on Februai-y l-'Uh, 1(S27," attended by his eldest son and his daughter. J [is age was sixty-five years and eight months, lie was buried at Niiples. The nan-alive of his life gives a sufficient vimv of his character and al)ility. Honourable, l)rave, warm- hearted, and generous, ho was also gitted Avith some talent, and great application, lie was actuated by single-]uinded /eal for the ])ublic service, lie was not prudent or cautious, and in his energetic co-operation in the re-forming measures of liord St. Vincent ho made many enemies. IJut he himself never showed ''' 'I't'ii (Liys lii'fdiv, (III l-'iOiniai'v .'inl, 1S27, ynuiiL,' I-ii'ly I'.iiiily Mdiitii','!! liiul ilit'il lit. .Xiqili's, ;i,^(mI twenty. Slic w;is Imiinl ill Gciioii, with licr si.>lui', wild ilii'il lliciu in ibir>. The End. cSi continued liostility to n"y oik>. IIo knew that, as a rule, it was the system, and nut those \\\\o worked it, tliat was in faidt. lIi- liad only moderate 0])por- tunities ot distinction, but wlien they came in liis way lie seized and secured tliem. He rejoiced heartily at the t^reater opiJO'-tiinities which were enjoyed by professional friends and ac(iuaintances. Ther.' was not a particle of jealousy or vanity iii his composition, in this respect he was like his father. He did useful service in the na\y, and his labours in the Admiralty and in Parliament were productive of pi'mianent good. liis zeal for the ])ublic service, and hostility to corrup- tion and jobbery, made him enemies ; for he was fearless and regardless of consequences to himself in his denunciation of abuses. IJe was hated by permanent oflicials. Hence his services never received duo recog- nition. Lord St. \'incent was so angry at the Avay the distribution of honours was jol^bed v.dien the new gi'ades of the Hath were created in 1815, that he never would wear the new Grand Cross, sticking to his old K.B. lint Admiral Markham was quite unconcerned, and, so far as appears tVom his correspondence, he never even gave the matter a thought. Had he lived three yi'ars long(M', his good services would have received proper recognition from his old chief, Earl Grey. John Markham never forgot a friend, and his friends were not coutlned to his own rank in life. One of his earliest was the old carpenter of the Fcrseiif^ ; among those for whose benefit he took most trouble, in later years, wei'i' the cluhheu of seamen who had been his shipmate's. lie formed many endui'ing friendships, and was capable of exciting and maintaining feelings of warm attachment. His all'ection for his relations was dee[> and strong. Hc^ loved passionately^ but 282 A Naval Career during the Old J Tar. Aviscly, and only once. 'riion<>^h lio does not stand (nit ])roiuinently in his generation, yet he is an example of one who did the Avork he found before him with jdl his iiiic\. 1'. ti. Criilts. o nioi in ' .84 .\f>pcitdix. (if XiitlifDiii'l Cliiytdit, l''.si|., (if Chisti'is, ill Xnitliuiiilicrliuiil, liy wIkuii lie liiid nil only (liinglitcr. Mis. Ixicr MaililiMin ilicd uii .Inly I'nd, 1S7I, iii,'('(l seventy. Till' KfV. \\'illiaiii liiic M.irkliaiii dieil at Morliind on Maivli :.'7tli, 1S77, aj;i'd .scvi'iilyl'oiir, and was lunicil tlicic. A niarlili' talih't has licni rrecicd in his niciiiniy nn the imilji wall of the chancel. Mahi.s, his cnly cliil.i, \as Ik. in t.n (ictohcr .'il.-t, iS|-_'. On \\\\\\ l-'nth, ISOS, she married (,'aiilain Fraiici.s .Maikliaiii, now of Moi'land. lie is her second eoiisin, son of ("oloiiej Wiliiaiii .Maikhaiii of 15ecca, and L;rands(iii kA Mr. \\'iliiani .Maikliaiii of Hecca, the (ddust hrother of Adiiiirul Markhaiii. Francis Markhani was horn at lleeca on ()ctoh(i 31st, 1S,'57, and was educated at Westminster School, lie entiled the liifle l)ri;,'ade on March Kith, ISoG, and hecanie a lieutenant on .Inne .'Jrd, \t<\u . He was at ^falta, ISGO-Gl ; Gihraltar, 1864 ; instructor of musketry at Fleetwood, 18(1") ; nide-de- cami) to General Sir A. liorsford, K.C.1>., at Aldershot, in Ireland, and at Nfalta. Ca|i1 tin on dannary .^th, 1S70. He sold out in 1872; .1.1*. of (.'umlMilaiid, d.l'. and 1>.1.. of Westnioiclaiid. 'I'heru is a liortrait of iiini, hy (Iraves, at ]\lorland. Their children are; — 1. Fri'derick h'ice, liorii at Morlaiul, F'idiruary "-'."ith, 18C)!t. 2. Cecil r.arliaia Marjiay, horn at Malta, Ajail llth, 1871. ;?. Kvelyn .lane, horn N'ovemlier 20lh, 187l', at Morlaiid. 4. Alfred .I.ihn, horn Se|.teniher :29th, 1875, at .Morland. T). .Mahel Frances, horn at .Morland, July L"2iid, 187!). (!. Francis William Flvelyn, horn at Moilaml, ( )it(jher "iih, 1818. l''i{KUi:iiU K M.MiKiiAM Was horn at Ades on Au-nst Kith, 18()."). llu was tducati'd at Westliiinster School, and eiitcrc'd colle,L:e in the election of 18-_'0. He acted Syriis in the Adelphi in 18-_>;}. ill! received a einmiiis.-ion as eiisi.i^n in liie .'iL'iid lie;^'inient tnjm the Duke iif ^■|lrk on .May l.'Jth, 18L'4, ,iiid continued in the same regi- ment until ho left it as a .M i,jor-( leiieral. He hecanie a lieutenant on Uctoher 2i.'nd, 182.J ; eaiitain on April Kith, 18:.",); ami major on Septenilier 28th, 18;',(l. (hi :\rarch 17tli, 18;{(), there was a .luarrel in Nas.s.iu Street, Kuhliii, hetweeii Mr. Standish O'tiraily a hariister, and Captain Smith of the JiL'iid. (I'drady sent a chalh>iige to Smith hy Captain Macnamara, of tliu 8th Hussars, and Smith refiMTod him to Markham. The meeting took place at six a.m. next morning, and O'Graily fell. Hi; died next day. Smith and .Markham Mere tried, found guilty of manslaughter, and senteii(3ed to itn]irisoiim(int in Kilmaiiihaiii Gaol for one year. Judgi! ^'andeleur, in passing sentence, saiv(;ii niilos a|mrt. St. Denis is sixteen iniic^i finni Sore!. On Xoveniber '22nd, Coloiuil fiore, with tlie .'Mtli and one f)-]iouniler, left Soicl for St. Denis, and arrived at ten ;i.in. .after a liarassin;,' niareli of twelve lionrs over roads almost iniiiassatile ouin.u' tn le-avy rains. l.')UO insnrj;'ents were jio.sted in tiie viila^'e, with barricades aero.ss tlie road, flanked by l)nildin<;s, from wliieh a severe lire was openeil on tlie troops (lore wa.S fOiMl)elle(l tn retire with a loss of six niiMi kille(l and ten wounded. Colonel Wetlirell was, howevi'r, snee.essful in liis attack on St, Cliarles. Markliam was wounded in four ])laees at St. l>enis.' One of the bullels reni.iined in liini until bis death. In Canada be was for a short time lui the stall', and be niaile many exjieilitions into the forests alter moose and bears. On Jul v 22nil, 18K), be liecame lieutenant- colonel, took bis re,i,'inieiit out to ludia the same year, and commanded the second l)ri,L,'ade at the tirst .and .second sie,L;o operations Ijeforo .Mullan, where be was woundeil. .A lar;,'e canal, called \Vali Midiammad, runs past the western .side of Multan, and the ea.stern siile of tlm villai^'e of Snraj-kiuid. It was about thirty feet wide and deep, ten feet of the depth consisting of b.ink above the level of the country. Lieuteuant (Hover had dammed up the cinal mouth at the Clienab in Seiitcmber, 184S, and it thus beeanu> an immen.se dry ditch. The Knglish position of (ieneral Whish was at rinbt angles to the ditch, and his extreme right a mile from it. Irregulars held the key of the imsition, the viilago •and bridg<'s of ,Suraj-kund. On November 1st, Miilraj occupied the line of the canal witli his wliolo aimy, and erected l)atterios on the high banks, opening lire on the Hank of the irregidar camp, wliieh they completely raked. The fire wa.s returned, but without ell'ect, and it was ri'solved to expell IMiilraj's army at the point of the bayonet. " lirigadier Markliam commanded the attacking column, than whom there was no belter s-oldier ill that army. It consisted of four troops of Hi'd brigade horse artillery, two .si|uadron.s of tlie Utb light cavalry, forty sapjieis, six companies of the lOtli, and six of the ;ii'd foot, eight com|iauies of the 8lli, I'Jth, r)lst, and r)2nd native , fantry." "(Jii Xovcmber 7t,h, Markliam led this column over the bridges - Vm a KDoil iiccdiinl of tlic iitVuii- iil Si. iKaiis, see " Lite iiiid Hocdlleotiona of ('. M. Diivoiipoft, Miijiu-OGtli Ue^iiiioiit." (Hati'liiiril, ISfiO. Priviitdy iiriiitoil.) 2S6 Appcudlx. iicrusstlio (Miml ill r)]ii'ii ri)liiiiiii, lliiiikiiii,' llic I'liciiiy's ]"i>iliiiii, luuimhl sliniildct's fuiwiinl til till' li'i't, ami iii'cici'ciIimI iliri'clly imtush tlicir rear, WIhmi 111' litid ailvancdl siilliiiciitly far to iiusiiri- nvt'ilapjiiii^' llic iiinst (liHtant jiart nf tlii'ir ixisitioii, \w wln'rlcd his (•(iliiiun into line, tlircn ^Miim on lliii I'i^'lil and lliifu on tlit< left, ail tlic lavidry on the ri^dit flank. He tiicn onluifd i\w cavalry to alt uk a laij,'!- body of tin' piit'iny nioviiif,' to our rii,'lit, to |iri'vcnt tlicir ivmovin;,' their liiiii^. Major Wheeler charj^ed llicm, then s\vc|il the whole front, ami sjiccdily reformed in ;,'ood order mi the left, tlieii iiiovin^ oil' to cover till) rij^iit." "Then Markliani charged with the whole line, and took the posi- tion, eaplnrinj,' all the eiins, and driving,' the enemy aciuss the dry bed of tiie iii!iiil with 1,'reat loss, The time froni wheeling,' into line to ronting the eneniy was one hour, lie destroyed their liatterie.s and returned to eamii. Tlii.H was the most ^jentleniaiilikii hattln ever fou;,dit. A mere manu'iivre of tine soldiership luiiied a lai>;e army out of a stroma position, and routed it, with a loss nf live euns." "There was in this business a celerity of movement in advance, a correctness of eyi! in seizin;,' the right point to wheel, a decision in wheeling, and a dasii in the charge which 1 never saw troojis eipial before or since. The enemy was 1,">,000 strong."^ lirigadier iMarkham was at the storming of Multan in .lanuary, 1849 ; at the surrender of the fort of Chinlot, and at tlie battle of (iiijiat. lie was an ardent cricketer and an enliiiisiastic spoitsman. When the second J'uiijab war was over, he received the I'unjab medal, with two clasps foe lAFiiltan and (injrat,* ii Coni])anioiiship of the ilatli, and was made aide-de-camp to the i(ueeii. He was gazetted colonel on August 2iid, 1H,50. In Ajiril, 1S52, he went nu a long shooting excursion in the niiuiilayas, as far as Ladak, bringing back many trophies in the shape of skulls ami hoi'n.s of tlu' great O/vV Amiiinii," the burrell, the gerow, ibex, and musk-deer. His companion was Sir Mdward Campbell, I'art., of the GOth Itilles, a good artist. In 1854 was published, by Eeiitlcy, ".Shooting in the lliimilayas : a Journal of Sporting Adventnres and Travel in I.iidak, Tibet, and Cashmere. I'lV Colonel Fred Markhani, C.l!., .■{"Jml Kegiiueiit ' (pp. 'Mi), large ,Svo). AVitli illustrations by Sir Kdwanl Campbell, and a map. In .laiuiary, 18r)2, Colonel ^Nlurkliam went with the 32nd to Herbert Kdwiirdpf. ^ Now at Mnrliitiil, ^ Now lit Mnrlinii). ■ Appendix. 2%7 I'fsliiiwur, ami went lioiiic liy wii.V of the Indus :iii>l ISoiiilniy in KrliriiMi'v. Ill' laiiili'il ill I'.n^^laiiil in Mnv, IS.'i'J, aflrr an iihsciici' nf Hi X years. In Maivh, IS.'iI.Im' attain went out as ailjiitaiit ^'cncial, until lie wns iiioiiidtcil to llic rank of nmjnr-Ki'iii'i'al on NdvcMnlicr 'JStli, iH.'il. lit! was tlicii appoiiiti'il tn tin' cnniinand oi' tin' ilivisimi at I'csliawur; lait wlifii witliin two days' jonincy of that jilaii- \w wiw ri'cailcd to taki' , " >> (.lulv) IHOG. .." fFcb. „ „ T[uii. 1). Ei'skhii' Election on aecoptiiiK | 10th) ofliee as a Lord of the Aduiiralty. ' IHOfi, Sir T. Miller (of Dis.solve;! after four 'j (Nov. 3r(l) Foyle). months, on April 27tli, 1807. 1807, ,, ,1 >> »» rarlianient dissolved (Mny 7tb) 1812 Sept. 2'Jtli, 1812. _^ „ ISIO, Mr. Ciutor This I'arliameut was Huccoodi'd Sir dissolved Juno T. Miller, do 10th, 1818, coasLMl. 1S20, ^, „ Mr. Curter lu 1818, Admiral ( Mar. Markliam had vo- 9th) tirod from a con- test. Sir (Jeorgo Cofklmrn elected 181'.l-20. 1H20, Admiral Jiarkham resi^'ticd . Dissohitidi) June2ud, (.\pril ISiiO. Mr. CartOi- and V. Baring elected. 19th) ■ Appendix, tScj TIIUKM BOARDS OV AOMmAIvTY IN Wllffll ADMIKAL ]\[A11K1IAM SKllVKn. ]801, Fob. ]Sth, to 1801, May 15th. „„„ ' J 800, Sept. :i(itli, mar,, ,Tnn. 2(,Hi (p,„„n,issioi. Oct, :ir)l h) to 1800. Sopt. I'l.ili. ^ ty 1^0- _Mav, liUh. I. TI. ' Til. Eai-1 St. Vincont . . ' Hon. Charles Groy (I^ord Itiglit lion, T. firiiiivilUv i Uowick, Aiiril), Sir Thonms Troiibridgo, \ Admiral Markham . Admiral Markbam. Bart. I Captaix Markham, R.S. ' Admiral Hir Charlo- M. Captain T. F. 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