^3 
 
 CANADIAN PRESS ASSOCIATION. 
 
 CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS. 
 
 Journal of Proceedings 
 
 AT 
 
 Thirty-Ninth Annual Meeting, 
 
 HELD AT TORONTO, 
 February 4TH and 5TH, 1897. 
 
 LIST OF OFFICERS AND MEMBERS. 
 
 TORONTO : 
 Methodist Book and Publishing House. 
 
 1897. 
 
1 
 
LIST OF OFFICERS FOR J897. 
 
 President: 
 JOHN BAYNE MacLEAN, Montreal. 
 
 1ST Vice-President: 2nd Vice-President: 
 
 ROBERT HOLMES, Clinton. W. S. DINGMAN, Stratford 
 
 Secretary-Treasurer: 
 JOHN A. COOPER, Toronto. 
 
 assistant-Secretary: 
 A. H. U. COLQUHOUN, Toronto. 
 
 Executive Committee: 
 
 MESSRS. J. S. WILLISON, W. IRELAND, J. T. CLARK, 
 D. McGILLICUDDY, A. G. F. MACDONALD. 
 
 'Auditors: 
 S. STEPHENSON and A. S. FORSTER. 
 
Canadian Press Assoqation. 
 
 PROCEEDINGS 
 
 OK THK 
 
 Thirty-Ninth Annual Meeting. 
 
 Toronto, February \th^ 1897. 
 
 T^HE thirty-ninth annual meeting of the Canadian Press Asso- 
 * ciation was opened at the Board of Trade building on 
 Thursday morning, February 4th, at 1 1 o'clock. The president, 
 Mr. J. S. Brierley, of Montreal, occupied the chair. The follow- 
 ing members of the association, representing both the daily and 
 weekly press, were present during the convention : 
 
 Jas. S. Brierley, Herald, Montreal ; John Bayne MacLean, 
 MacLean's Trade Papers, Montreal ; John A. Cooper, Canadian 
 Magazine, Toronto ; Sydney Stephenson, Planet, Chatham ; A. 
 G. F. Macdonald, News, Alexandria ; C. Blackett Robinson, 
 Canada Presbyterian, Toronto; Patrick Boyle, Catholic Register, 
 Toronto ; John A. Phillips, Gazette, Montreal ; A. H. U. Colqu- 
 houn. Printer and Publisher, Toronto ; R. R. Cromarty, Canada 
 Law Journal, Toronto ; J. A. Macdonald, The Westminster, 
 Toronto ; N. W. Ford, The Banner, Chatham ; W. E. Smallfield, 
 The Mercury, Renfrew ; \V. H. Kellar, Journal, Uxbridge ; 
 Frank Carrel, Daily Telegraph, Quebec ; James Dickinson, 
 Despatch, North Bay ; H. C. Hocken, News, Toronto ; Wm. 
 Douglas, News, Toronto ; John H. Thompson, Post, Thoroid ; 
 J. D. Reid, The Arrow, Burk's Falls ; W. Ireland, The North 
 
 5 
 
Star, Parry Sound ; Robt. Holmes, New Era, Clinton ; P. D. 
 Ross, Journal, Ottawa ; A. H. St. Germain, honorary member ; 
 H. P. Moore, Free Press, Acton ; A. F. Pirie, Banner, Dundas ; 
 W. F. Maclean, World, Toronto ; John Cameron, Advertiser, 
 London; John Weld, Farmers' Advocate, London; Cameron 
 Brown, Sun, Belleville; Geo. Wilson, Guide, Port Hope; J. 
 King, honorary member; M. A. James, Statesman, Bowman- 
 ville ; C. W. Rutledge, Standard, Markdale ; A. S. Forster, Star, 
 Oakville ; John Ross Robertson, Telegram, Toronto ; W. J. 
 Douglas, Mail and Empire, Toronto ; James Dale, Christian 
 Guardian, Toronto ; A. R. Fawcett, Leader, Toronto Junction ; 
 Geo. F. Scroggie, News, Toronto; Fred. W. Falls, Massey's 
 Magazine, Toronto ; Ed. Campbell, Advocate, Cayuga ; Rev. 
 W. H. Withrow, Toronto ; J. A. Lambert, Representative, Mount 
 Forest ; W. McGuire, Liberal, Tilsonburg ; B. McGuire, Banner, 
 Orangeville ; M. MacBeth, Sun, Milverton ; Geo. Tye, Times, 
 Brampton ; J. T. Clark, Saturday Night, Toronto; William Briggs, 
 Christian Guardian, Toronto ; A. C. Courtice, Christian Guar- 
 dian, Toronto ; A. E. Bradwin, Standard, Blyth ; J. S. Douglas, 
 News, Toronto ; Jas. Innes, Mercury, Guelph ; D. McGiUicuddy, 
 Signal, Goderich ; W. K. McNaught, Trader, Toronto ; Daniel 
 Rose, Craftsman, Toronto; John Motz, Berliner Journal, Berlin; 
 J. A. Davidson, Mercury, Guelph ; H. F. Gardiner, Times, 
 Hamilton ; Geo. H. Wilson, Post, Lindsay ; W. H. Laird, 
 Sentinel-Star, Cobourg; F. Diver, Central Press, Toronto; H. B. 
 Donly, Reformer, Simcoe ; Wm. Houston, Toronto ; A. L. 
 Lance, Times, Richmond, Que., president E. T. Press Associa- 
 tion; L. G. Jackson, Era, Newmarket; Goldwin Smith, Toronto; 
 John Lewis, Globe, Toronto ; J. S. Willison, Globe, Toronto ; 
 E. C. Jeffrey, Chronicle, Arnprior ; W. Climie, Banner, Listowel; 
 D. T. McAinsh, Westminster, Toronto; C. A. Wilson, North 
 Ender, Toronto. 
 
 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE REPORT. 
 
 The report of the Executive Committee was then read, as 
 follows : 
 
 Your Executive report that it was found necessary to hold but 
 one meeting during the year, in addition to the meetings held 
 just after the convention of last year and just before the present 
 convention. This, of course, reduces the expenses of the asso- 
 ciation very materially. 
 
At the meeting held in Toronto in September two recom- 
 mendations were passed, as follows : 
 
 I St. That we recommend to the association the advisability 
 of empowering the Executive to alter the admission fee to 
 new members for any terminal part of a year to whatever figure 
 they deem advisable. 
 
 2nd. That this committee recommend to the association that 
 the constitution be amended by reducing the admission fee from 
 $.S to $3. 
 
 At this same meeting of the Executive it was decided to . 
 assume the responsibility of accepting applications between the 
 date of that meeting and the ist of February, with an initiation 
 fee of $3 instead of $5. It was decided to do this in order 
 that a number of new members might be obtained. The result 
 has not been entirely satisfactory, as some of the weekly pub- 
 lishers who should have joined have neglected to take advant- 
 age of this opportunity. However, over 20 new members have 
 been enrolled, and the association is stronger to-day in point 
 of membership than it ever was before. The whole number 
 of certificates issued last year was 159, while the number of 
 certificates this year promises to run close on to 200. We there- 
 fore ask the association to sanction our conduct in reducing the 
 inititiation fee on the ground that it was a necessary expedient 
 to enable us to enlarge our membership. 
 
 The proposed trip to British Columbia last summer was, 
 with our consent, postponed by order of the president. The 
 matter was discussed at our meeting in September, and it was 
 decided to have a discussion of the matter at our annual meet- 
 ing. This matter, therefore, presents itself to you for discus- 
 sion, and if the excursion is to be successfully carried out it 
 will be necessary for the members to arrive at some definite de- 
 cision at this meeting. 
 
 Jas. S. Brierley, 
 
 President. 
 
 The above report was adopted on motion of Mr. MacLean, 
 and the two recommendations mentioned above were discussed 
 and approved. Further, the action of the Executive with re- 
 gard to fees was approved. 
 
 The report of the secretary-treasurer was then presented as 
 follows : . , 
 
 ■ 7 . I 
 
Secretary-Trkasurer's Report. 
 
 Mr. President and Members : The report of the secretary- 
 treasurer for 1896 will, I think, be found interesting and encour- 
 aging. The receipts from fees are practically the same as last 
 year, being but $3 less, while the prospects for an increased 
 revenue in 1897 are most hopeful. 
 
 The association began 1895 ^''^ ^ ^^^^ of $260. This was 
 reduced nearly $100 during 1895, the debit balan<?e at the be- 
 ginning of 1896 being $174.75. During 1896 this deficit has 
 been further reduced and is now $65, a reduction of $110. So 
 far as I can see the association is to day in a better position 
 financially than it has been at any time during the past ten years. 
 Great credit must be given to Mr. Shannon, who was president in 
 1895, and the present president, Mr. Brierley, for this favorable 
 position. They have pursued a policy of retrenchment which 
 must be admired all the more because we know that presidents of 
 such associations as ours are entitled to considerable latitude in 
 making themselves prominent as the official heads of such organi- 
 zations. 
 
 The detailed statement for the year is as follows : 
 
 receipts. 
 
 On hand January i , f 896 $ 8 54 
 
 Receipts from smoker 50 25 
 
 Receipts from fees 362 00 
 
 $420 79 
 
 DISBURSEMENTS. 
 
 Secretary's salary, 1895 $100 00 
 
 Accounts from last year : 
 
 T. H. Preston $ 3 60 "j 
 
 Executive expenses 64 40 '• 74 75 
 
 J. B. MacLean 6 75 j 
 
 Harry Webb, smoker 67 98 
 
 Stenographer, annual report 10 00 
 
 Executive expenses 31 45 
 
 T. H. Preston, expenses 4 00 
 
 MacLean Publishing Co., annual reports.... 39 80 
 
 Printing : Apted Bros $ 3 90) 
 
 Speers& Co ^3^5^ ''' °^ 
 
 Postage 1 5 47 
 
 Sundries 12 50 
 
 Cash on hand 47 79 
 
 $420 79 
 
 This was then adopted and referred to the auditors. 
 
 8 
 
The inaugural address of the president was then read : 
 
 President's Address. 
 
 Gentlemen : In view of the fact that these annual gatherings 
 of our members constitute the most important work of the asso- 
 ciation, and that from them are derived the chief benefits which 
 flow from our organization, there is little, as a general rule, for a 
 presiding officer to make report upon as respects the work per- 
 formed in the recess between our annual sessions. 
 
 The past year has been, like many that preceded it, barren of 
 events in the history of the association that call lor especial note. 
 
 This placid existence is no evidence of lack of vitality, nor 
 proof that the association is failing to discharge its whole duty to 
 its members. If we can between sessions maintain or increase 
 our list of members ; if we keep a watchful eye on all legislation 
 that threatens the business interests of those members, and if oc- 
 casionally we organize a summer excursion whereby we can be- 
 come the better acquainted one with another — if the association 
 can do these things it will be accomplishing perhaps as much as 
 can be expected. 
 
 It is at our annual meetings that the real value of the associa- 
 tion to its members is shown, and I trust that this meeting will 
 be as helpful in business, as inspiring to newspaper ideals, and 
 as productive of good fellowship as many a preceding one has 
 been. 
 
 Believing that distinct advantage to the association would fol- 
 low any increase in iis membership, and that the influence and 
 usefulness of the organization would be widened were the news- 
 paper men of the province — not members of the association — in- 
 duced to join it, a vigorous effort was made at the beginning of 
 the year to secure new members. Circulars were issued, and 
 letters were written by the members of the Executive Committee 
 to many of the non- members, placing the advantages of the as- 
 sociation before them. 
 
 The response, however, was disappointing. Later in the year 
 the committee, convinced that it was the comparatively high ad- 
 mission fee which prevented many from uniting with us, assumed 
 the responsibility of temporarily reducing the fee to $3, this rate 
 covering the remaining portion of 1896, and all of 1897. 
 
 The effect was seen in the admission of 20 new members dur 
 2 9 
 
ing the last four months. The action of the committee may 
 have been somewhat unconstitutional, but it is hoped that it will 
 be condoned and endorsed by the association. 
 
 A gratifying fact was developed in the course of the attempt to 
 enlarge the membership. It was found that we already have in 
 our ranks the great majority of the most active, influential and 
 enterprising newspaper men of the province, and consequently it 
 was evident that no considerable accession of the most desirable 
 class of members need be looked for. 
 
 At the same time, it would be a matter of regret if there should 
 be any newspaper men in the province who stand aloof from the 
 association because the advantages of membership, as viewed from 
 the outside, do not appear to balance the initial cost. Your Ex- 
 ecutive Committee certainly found the fee at present levied a 
 barrier to increase of membership, and I would suggest, as a fitting 
 subject for your discussion, the reduction of the initial fee to $3. 
 
 In accordance with the wish of the association, as expressed at 
 the last meeting, the first vice-president and myself called on the 
 passenger agents of the Canadian Pacific and Grand Trunk rail- 
 ways and discussed with them the question of an association ex- 
 cursion. There would have been little difficulty in arranging an 
 excursion to British Columbia, but the announcement that the 
 general elections would be held in June precluded the possibility 
 of any large number going on such an excursion, so the subject 
 was reluctantly abandoned. The revelations during the past 
 12 months of the fabulous mineral wealth in British Columbia 
 strengthened the argument in favor of a trip to the Coast, and it 
 is to be hoped not only that the association will instruct the 
 incoming Executive to make arrangements for such a trip, but 
 that every member will make an effort to visit our great west 
 and thus widen and deepen his knowledge of the potentialities of 
 the Dominion. 
 
 The subject of Canadian copyright has not been in evidence 
 since last we met, nor has anything further been done in the direc- 
 tion of amending the Ontario law of libel. Mr. John King, whose 
 watchf al eye is ever on this law, has lately made some propositions 
 to the Attorney-General which he thinks, if crystalized into law, 
 will still further improve our position. In Quebec, where there is 
 no law of libel, and where, as a consequence, the newspapers are 
 subject to suits at law of the most preposterous character, an 
 
 10 
 
effort was made to secure the passage of a law based on the 
 Criminal Code, so far as it relates to libel, but the Legislature 
 adjourned without passing the bill submitted. It is to be hoped 
 that the agitation will be continued until a law is passed that will 
 be in some degree representative of the age in which we live, and 
 not based on interpretations of the common law made at a time 
 when the relations of the press to the people were far different 
 from what they are now. 
 
 I am sure I speak for every member of the association when I 
 say we most deeply sympathize with our second vice-president, 
 Mr. R. Holmes, in the double bereavement to which he has been 
 recently subjected. 
 
 During the year the official organ of the association, The 
 Printer and Publisher, has devoted much space and attention to 
 matters of interest to our members. The publication is a most 
 meritorious one, and should be in the hands of all Canadian 
 newspaper men. 
 
 I am glad to know that we have with us to-day, two gentlemen 
 representing the newspaper men of the sister province of Quebec, 
 Mr. Lance, president of the Eastern Townships Association, and 
 Mr. Carrel, of the Quebec Telegraph. Both these gentlemen are 
 interested in the organization of a press association that will be 
 Canadian in reality as well as in name, and I trust that their 
 presence will mark the beginning of a movement which will not 
 cease until we have a truly national association. Each succeed- 
 ing year Canada feels more keenly the stirring in her veins of the 
 blood of national life. Railways and telegraphs are bridging 
 distance and annihilating time, and Halifax and Victoria are not 
 as strange to one another as Toronto and Quebec were a few 
 years ago. The east is pouring its men and its money into the 
 golden west, and in return will come not merely material recomp- 
 ense, but fuller realization of the magnitude of our heritage, and 
 clearer perception of the essential unity of Canadians. The 
 Dominion has been a congeries of scattered, widely separated 
 provinces. It is fast becoming a national unit in sentiment and 
 in spirit, as well as in form. The press can do much to further 
 this truly patriotic movement, and it should, by the organization 
 of a Dominion association of newspaper men, testify its realization 
 that the day of provincialism — in its narrow sense — is passing, 
 and that this country is standing on the threshold of better and 
 
 wider life. 
 
 II 
 
I have to acknowledge the courtesy and kindness shown me by 
 all the members of the association, and take this opportunity of 
 testifying to the advantages which I have derived from my mem- 
 bership in the association, advantages which I am sure have been 
 shared by all our members. In a business way, there is much 
 gain to any member who regularly attends our sessions, but of far 
 greater moment is the gain in inspiration to better work, and in 
 the friendship of the men who gather at these meetings. These 
 gains are not to be measured in dollars and cents, and it is be- 
 cause of them that we should desire to see our association grow 
 and prosper. Let me urge every member to continue his active 
 interest in the association, even if on occasion his own particular 
 line of work should seem to be neglected or overlooked, for to all 
 of us, at one time or another, or in one form or another, the 
 organization will certainly prove helpful and inspiring. 
 
 One of the most important subjects to be discussed at this 
 meeting is that of newspaper postage. It will be remembered 
 that at our last session there was much dissent from the proposi- 
 tion, said to be under consideration by the Government, that 
 postage be reimposed on newspapers. A committee was ap- 
 pointed to watch the interests of the publishers in this matter. 
 Since then a general election has brought a new Government 
 into being, and we have reasons for believing that it is the 
 opinion of the Postmaster-General in that Government that 
 postage in some degree and under some qualifying conditions 
 must be reimposed on newspapers. He findr that there is a 
 heavy annual loss in his Department, and that the use or abuse 
 of the privilege of free transmission is responsible for a large 
 portion of that loss. Naturally, he is looking for a means of 
 remedying this evil, and I am pleased to be able to say that he 
 has kindly consented to be with us to-day or to-morrow and 
 discuss the question. It should be our aim to convince Mr. 
 Mulock that we are practically unanimous as to the course which 
 should be pursued, and that that course is one which will attain 
 in some measure the laudable ends he has in view. We are all 
 aware of the abuses which have grown out of the free use of the 
 mails accorded newspapers on the ground that they are educa- 
 tional in their character, and we should strengthen the hands of 
 the Minister in his effort to abate these abuses. Several proposi- 
 tions with this as their aim will no doubt be brought before you. 
 
 12 
 
One is to reimpose postage at the low rate of one cent for every 
 four pounds. The publisher of a weekly sending cvt one thou- 
 sand copies of an eight-page paper »veekly would pay a tax of 
 about 30 cents a week, while it would mean double that sum, or 
 60 cents per one thousand, to the city publisher sending out a 
 sixteen-page weekly paper. The smaller dailies, with a circula- 
 tion largely confined to towns in which issued, would not feel the 
 effects in the same proportion as the larger dailies, to the owners 
 of which such a rate would mean nearly $2 a week per one thou- 
 sand copies. The effect, of course, would be most serious on 
 those publications issued merely for advertising purposes, and 
 those which are issued in the interests of insurance and other 
 societies. These woald have to go out of existence or contribute 
 to the revenue of the Post-office Department. Another proposi- 
 tion is that rules be laid down by the Department confining 
 within narrow limits the classes of paper accorded the use of the 
 mails. 
 
 Still another suggestion is that a zone be established around 
 each town, and that publications issued in the town be given free 
 transmission within the zone. In this case a paper might circulate 
 free within a radius, say, of twenty miles of the place where it is 
 published, but would pay postage on copies sent beyond that 
 distance. It is said, from the departmental point of view, that 
 there would be no great difficulty in carrying this proposition 
 into practice, but it is not easy to see why the paper whose 
 lantern throws the rays of light thirty miles should be considered 
 less entitled to State assistance than the one whose light carries 
 only twenty miles. Many of our periodicals, which are distinctly 
 educational in their character, find but a fraction of their readers 
 in or near the city in which they are pii )iished, and, therefore, 
 under this proposition, postage would have to be paid on almost 
 the whole of their circulation, while the local paper would secure 
 free carriage through the mails. 
 
 I am afraid that any such measure will not wholly remedy the 
 evil, and will certainly provoke a feeling that injustice is being 
 done. The cost of a low rate of postage to the great majority of 
 our members will be but slight, and it is altogether probable that 
 in practice it will be found that the cost will be more than met 
 by the increase of advertising in what may be called the legitimate 
 newspapers. But above and apart from these considerations 
 
 13 
 
stands the important question, What moral or lugical right have 
 we, as publishers, to market our wares at the expense of the 
 State ? And as business men, engaged in business not primarily 
 for the good of the State, but for our advantage, why should we 
 expect our fellow-taxpayers to pay for the vending of our goods ? 
 And why should we be anxious for the perpetuation of a system 
 that is being most seriously abused ? 
 
 The situation, then, appears to be this : The Postmaster- 
 General desires revenue from newspapers carried through the 
 mails, and he wishes to escape the cost of carrying free, or at a 
 nominal rate, papers primarily issued for advertising purposes. 
 The latter purpose might be accomplished by defining more 
 strictly the class of papers entitled to special privileges, as in the 
 United States, where these questions have to be satisfactorily 
 answered by applicants for second-class privileges. 
 
 Are the proprietors or editors in any way interested, pecuni- 
 arily, or in any business or trade represented by the pubHcation, 
 either in the reading matter or advertisements ? Who are the 
 editors, and how is their compensation determined ? Is the 
 publication regarded by the trade which it purports to represent 
 as a general organ of the trade, or is it considered as representing 
 the business interests of a special house in that trade, whose 
 price currents or advertisements appear therein ? 
 
 As a result of the publication, is the interest of any business 
 house in the trade especially advanced ? 
 
 Can any house in good standing in the trade advertise in the 
 publication at the regular published rates ? 
 
 Have any of the business houses which advertise in the publi- 
 cation any interest (either by past connection or special contract) 
 therein respecting advertisements or subscriptions ? What is the 
 greatest number of copies furnished to any advertiser ? 
 
 Second-class publications are thus defined : They must be 
 published for the dissemination of information of a public char- 
 acter, or devoted to literature, the sciences, art, or some special 
 industry, and must have a legitimate list of subscribers, and must 
 not be designed primarily for advertising purposes or for free 
 circulation or for circulation at nominal rates. 
 
 Periodicals issued under the auspices of a fraternal or bene- 
 volent society, or by an incorporated institution of learning, or 
 by a trades union, are considered as second-class matter. In the 
 United States papers are carried free to subscribers living in 
 
 14 
 
county of publication. Papers sent to all other subscribers have 
 to be paid at the rate of one cent a pound, but to be entitled to 
 even this rate they must comply with stringent regulations, de- 
 signed to prevent all but bona lide newspapers securing this 
 special advantage. 
 
 The association, if opposed to the reimposition of postage, 
 might advise : 
 
 (i) That the stringent definitions of the United States Post 
 Office Department as above outlined be adopted. 
 
 (2) That all publications be registered and be entitled to free 
 carriage only after the first year of publication, the excess postage 
 paid during the first year to be refunded. 
 
 If, on the other 'hand, the best solution of the difficulty be 
 deemed to lie in the reimposition of postage, the authorities 
 might be advised to place the rate for one or two years at not 
 higher than one-quarter of a cent per pound in order that the 
 charge should not be too severely felt. 
 
 The address was followed by a motion that it be printed. 
 
 Following this was the appointing of the Committee on 
 Resolutions, consisting of Messrs. P. D. Ross, A. F. Pirie, Rev. 
 Mr. Macdonald, W. J. Douglas and H. P. Moore. 
 
 Nomination of Officers. 
 
 The nomination of officers resulted as follows : 
 
 President, John Bayne MacLean, Montreal. 
 
 First Vice-President, R. Holmes, Clinton. 
 
 Second Vice-President, W. S. Dingman, Stratford. 
 
 Secretary-Treasurer, John A. Cooper, Toronto. 
 
 Assistant Secretary-Treasurer, A. H. U. Colquhoun, Toronto. 
 
 Executive Committee : W. Ireland, Geo. Wilson, S. Stephen- 
 son, H. W. Laird, A. G. F. Macdonald, J. T. Clark, John A. 
 Phillips, W. J. Douglas, J. S. Willison, R. Mortimer, P. D. Ross, 
 D. McGillicuddy, Sir Mackenzie Bowell, L. G. Jackson, W. 
 Climie. 
 
 Messrs. S. Stephenson, of Chatham, and A. S. Forster, of Oak- 
 ville, were elected auditors. 
 
 Libel Law. 
 
 The subject of the libel law was dealt with briefly by John 
 King, Q.C., who enumerated the efforts that had been made 
 
 15 
 
during the past year to improve it. He pointed out the necessity 
 of more clearly defining newspapers, and named an important 
 amendment that had been made which shortened the period 
 within which an action might be brought. A suit must now be 
 brought within three months which heretofore might be held 
 over the head of a paper for two years. Another valuable aid 
 to newspapers is that cases must be consolidated ; that is, if a 
 statement has been made in one paper and copied into others 
 the action must be brought against all, and if a verdict is given 
 the damages and costs will be divided among the several parties. 
 Mr. King thought that monthlies should be classed as news- 
 papers. * 
 
 A motion was made by Mr. R. Holmes, seconded by Mr. C. 
 Blackett Robinson, that the association memorialize the Ontario 
 Government to extend the term newspaper so as to include 
 monthlies. 
 
 It was moved by Mr. Dingman, seconded by Mr. Thompson, 
 that the following members comprise a committee to confer 
 with Mr. King wtth reference to memorializing the Government : 
 Messrs. P. D. Ross, S. Stephenson, W. F. Maclean. Carried. 
 
 J. B. MacLean gave notice of motion that the constitution be 
 amended so as to include advertising managers, and under motion 
 Mr. Geo. Scroggie, advertising manager of the Toronto News, 
 was admitted to membership. 
 
 The meeting then adjourned for lunch. 
 
 AFTERNOON SESSION- 
 
 The programme for the afternoon contained quite a number of 
 subjects, but as two hours were spent in the discussion of the 
 postage question this was the only one considered. 
 
 A motion by Mr. Cameron, duly seconded, was made asking 
 that a report of the proceedings on this question be not taken by 
 the representatives of the Toronto daily press. Carried. 
 
 Mr. Brierley opened the discussion in a few words : " It is 
 the intention of the Postmaster-General to seek some remedy for 
 the evils and abuses that have grown out of free postage on 
 newspapers. We have to say whether we have any advice to give 
 
 i6 
 
to him as to what course he may pursue. The Postmaster. 
 General desires to save, to some extent, the cost incurred by the 
 enormous amount of matter carried free, and also desires to re- 
 ceive a revenue from postage on newspapers. I would like a 
 motion placed before you on this point." 
 
 The following resolution, moved by Mr. Cameron, seconded by 
 Mr. Douglas, was then placed before the members : " Resolved, 
 that in the opinion of this association the law relating to the 
 carriage of newspapers through the mails should remain as at 
 present, but that any abuses existing whereby the present postal 
 privileges are taken advantage of by publications obviously not 
 entitled to the privilege should be looked into and rectified." 
 
 An amendment was afterwards added to this, stating : " That 
 this meeting recommend to the Postmaster-General the adoption 
 of some definition of a newspaper, such as is observed by the 
 postal authorities of the United States." 
 
 A motion to the effect that members speak not more than five 
 minutes was carried. A suggestion was also made that the name 
 of each speaker be distinctly announced. 
 
 A question by someone : " Does the present arrangement 
 affect the newspaper proprietors or the general public ?" 
 
 Mr. Innes : " It is more in the interest of the public. Those 
 who have been publishing newspapers know the trouble and ex- 
 pense that the imposition of postage was in the old days. We 
 know also that when the proposition was brought up to do away 
 with the postage it was carried almost unanimously, and I can say 
 that it has been extremely popular ever since. It is an advantage 
 to the reader, as well as to the publisher, as it does away with the 
 collecting of the postage from the subscriber. If it is to be re- 
 imposed it is to come from the publisher. The price of news- 
 papers is being reduced, and, in some cases, the prices will not 
 pay and the publishers will have to suffer that loss which, to some 
 extent, is a considerable amount to them. I do not argue 
 whether or not it is right to impose postage. I do not suppose 
 the publishers would object if the Government would deal with 
 them in anything like a generous manner. We all know that, as 
 it is at present we have to pay heavy duties on type, presses and 
 paper, and w^e must also pay the prices which the manufacturers 
 ask. As it is now, we have to pay duty on everything that is re- 
 quired in our business and at the same time it is proposed to 
 
 3 17 
 
lev) postage. If the Government woald lighten these duties 
 there would be some compensation, and if a sharp line were 
 drawn between those which should go free and those which 
 should not, I think we would all be satisfied." 
 
 Mr. John A. Phillips, of Ottawa, speaking for Mr. White, of 
 The Montreal Gazette, said that Mr. White thought it better to 
 leave the law as it is, but if the Government must have revenue 
 from some new source, he thought that the newspapers should 
 bear a small portion of the burden. He was, however, opposed 
 to any differential duty between city and country newspapers. He 
 himself thought it better to leave the law as it is. 
 
 Mr. H. F Gardiner, of the Hamilton Times, also thought it 
 advisable to leave the law unchanged ; neither did he favor the 
 establishment of zones. " Papers have got down to hard pan, 
 and if it were only 5 cents apiece, you could not collect it from 
 the subscriber. In my own opinion, speaking as a howling kind 
 of Grit, it would be mighty poor policy to make us go down into 
 our pockets for $400 or $500 per year." 
 
 Mr. W. F. Maclean, M.P., said we should adopt the definition 
 of a newspaper as it exists in the United States, and if we did, 
 the present abuses would be wiped out. He did not object to 
 paying postage, though it might cost him $4 or $5 per day. 
 
 Mr. R. Holmes, New Era, Clinton, did not think we were 
 entitled to free postage, but having adapted ourselves to circum- 
 stances, we should remain as we are. 
 
 Mr. Thompson, of Thorold, thought as a matter of principle 
 we have no moral claim to free transmission of papers. He was 
 in favor of the zone idea. 
 
 Here the chairman read the United States regulations regard- 
 ing newspapers. 
 
 The next speaker was Mr. Wiilison, of the Globe, who stated 
 that he could find no logical argument in favor of freedom of 
 postage. At the same time, he said that if a postage rate were to 
 be imposed, he, for one, would insist upon being relieved of the 
 heavy duties now paid on publishers' supplies, as if we tax our- 
 selves by favoring the reimposition, we are the one institution in 
 Canada that not only receives no favor from the Government, but 
 is under disadvantages. 
 
 Mr. Douglas, of the Mail and Empire, thought the Govern- 
 ment had no right to pass class legislation in this matter as 
 
 18 
 
involved in the zone idea. He was also in favor of a 2 cent rate 
 on letters and circulars. He could not see why advertising 
 circulars should be sent out in envelopes at i cent each. 
 
 Mr. McOillicuddy did not uphold the zone question, but 
 stated that he would pay a postage rate of 10 cents or even 15 
 cents if the Government would guarantee that he would receive 
 his subscriptions. (Laughter.) 
 
 Rev. Mr. Macdonald, of the ^Vestminster, wished to know if 
 the imposition of postage would affect publications from the 
 United States, and if it would tend to kill off the " fakes." 
 
 Mr. W. F. Maclean mentioned that the fakes had nearly all 
 been born since the free postage came into force. The Govern- 
 ment complains about the large amount of matter carried free, 
 and says were it not for this they would be able to give a lower 
 rate to the whole people. 
 
 Rev. Dr. VVithrow, Methodist Magazine and Review, said that 
 the imposition of a postrige rate would bear very heavily upon 
 religious publications. " In the United States papers of this kind 
 have an enormous circulation, and therefore have the best facilities 
 for publishing at the lowest rates. They come over here without 
 paying any Canadian postage, CiOwd us severely, and make us go 
 down to a price which leaves almost no margin and sometimes 
 no margin." 
 
 Mr. Arthur Samalice, of I.a Presse. Montreal, speaking for Mr. 
 Berthiaume, said he was in favor of postage. ** He did not want 
 too much, but just enough." 
 
 Mr. Hal. B. Donly, Simcoe Reformer : *' I was a publisher at 
 the time of " 
 
 Mr. Willison : '* The deluge." (Laughter.) 
 
 Mr. Donly: "Yes, that was in 1878." (Laughter.) He 
 thought the present law, if carried out, is protection enough to 
 newspapers from fakes. 
 
 Mr. J. B. Mac Lean did not think we had any right to ask the 
 Government to carry our papers free, but, since hearing the dis- 
 cussion, he was inclined to support Mr. Cameron's resolution. 
 
 Mr. Wm. Douglas, Toronto News, was opposed to any postage 
 rate being reimposed, as they had reduced the price of their 
 paper to $1 per year on the strength of existing conditions, and, 
 consequently, were in a very poor position to endure any postage 
 rate. 
 
 19 
 
Mr. J. T. Clark, Saturday Night, stated that the Star and Sat- 
 urday Night were decidedly in favor of postage, as it would tend 
 to check the tendency towards creating large papers, poor in 
 material and contents. 
 
 Mr. Hocken, Toronto News, opposed the imposition of any 
 
 rate. 
 
 Prof. Goldwin Smith was now asked to address the meeting at 
 the suggestion of Mr. P. D. Ross. He said : " I have listened 
 with great interest to the discussion. The question is quite new 
 to me, and I have a journalist's rooted objection to saying any- 
 thing about what I do not understand. (Laughter.) I confess 
 that as a matter of principle I should be for the reimposition of 
 postage. The first thing to ascertain is what is Mr. Mulock's 
 object ? Is it to relieve the Post-offices or is it to raise revenu€ 
 for the deficit ? If it is merely to relieve the Post-offices, Mr. 
 Cameron's motion will meet the requirements, but if it is to raise 
 revenue it will not do. In case any changes are made, sufificient 
 notice should be given to newspapers, as they have adapted their 
 prices to present conditions." 
 
 Mr. S. Stephenson, of Chatham, was strongly in favor of a re- 
 imposition of postage. 
 
 Mr. John A. Cooper said that so far as the Canadian Maga- 
 zine was concerned, they were in favor of paying a small postage, 
 but he was distinctly opposed to the zone idea. This would 
 bear heavily on magazines and trade papers, as compared with 
 papers having a local circulation. . 
 
 Several other members spoke briefly on the subject. 
 
 Mr. Cameron's motion was put, and carried, the vote being 44 
 to 18. 
 
 Moved by Mr. P. D. Ross, seconded by Mr. Dickinson, of 
 North Bay, that a committee be appointed to place the subject 
 under discussion before Mr. Mulock. At this juncture Mr. 
 Mulock arrived and was asked to address the meeting. 
 
 Mr, Mulock spoke as follows : " Mr. President, instead of 
 the association being grateful for my coming here to-day, I desire 
 to express, in the first place, my own sense of gratitude on ac- 
 count of the invitation extended to me to meet with them. In 
 overhauling the work of my Department I found certain abuses 
 which I deemed proper to deal with. Perhaps you might not 
 think the matter of free transmission of newspapers, or so-called 
 
 20 
 
newspapers, an abuse to be corrected, but at all events, without 
 at this moment saying what is or is not an abuse, at the same 
 time I am content to say that there are features in connection 
 with the free transmission of newspapers which require me to re- 
 port to my colleagues and ask their opinion as to what changes 
 should be made. 
 
 *' I cannot say whether it is a justifiable thing or not that the 
 general public are to-day being taxed to a very enormous extent 
 in order to afford free transmission of the kind to which I am 
 alluding. It is, of course, a debatable subject whether such 
 assistance should or should not be extended. I do not know 
 whether I should express my final opinion, but perhaps I can be 
 frank and say in a private way that I am unable to find a valid 
 reason for the continuance of the present system. Whether my 
 colleagues will agree with me or not, that is a different matter. 
 
 " I have not come to-day with statistics to enable you to form 
 an opinion as to the extent of this abuse, but I may say that at 
 Christmas the secretary of the Department gave me information 
 showing the extent to which this abuse has grown. Without 
 giving a free advertisement to the enterprising newspaper in 
 question, I am permitted to say that the secretary informed me 
 that he had just been called upon for over i,8oo sacks for one 
 day's issue of that newspaper. These sacks, as you know, hold 
 perhaps four bushels, and if you estimate the cost you will find, 
 as the secretary told me, that it would represent about five box 
 carloads of grain. The Intercolonial Railway is obliged to carry 
 large quantities of newspapers, and the Minister of Railways 
 informed me that he is now obliged to put on extra cars. To-day 
 1 received from Mr. Sidney Smith, of the Department, a letter 
 stating that the number of newspapers that are receiving free 
 transmission is over 290, The number of bags that Toronto uses 
 amounts to 20,266. At least half of these are laden and in the 
 course of transmission every day. In the city of Montreal there 
 are 19,576 bags, and of these there were in actual use last month 
 18,524. In connection with the Toronto office there were in 
 actual use last month 18,334. The Deputy Minister informed 
 me that shortly after the adoption of free transmission an estimate 
 was made as to what the service cost the country. At that time 
 he said that it cost over $100,000 to the tax-payers, but since 
 free transmission has been in force it has grown enormously, how 
 
 21 
 
largely it is impossible to say, but 1 think, speaking subject to 
 correction, the public pay to-day toward railway freights, mail 
 services such as stages, railways and steamers, for carrying free 
 the publications to which I allude, $250,000. Comparing the 
 volume of business of to-day with the volume of business at the 
 time these figures v^ere obtained, I think the estimate will be 
 found within the margin. I have been considering how to deal 
 with the matter, and will frankly say that I have kept my mind 
 open to advice and co-operation which I hope I will receive from 
 the Press Association in order that we may arrive at a conclusion 
 that will be mutually satisfactory. I have arrived at no con- 
 clusion, therefore, as to what should be the treatment of the sub- 
 ject. I thought that after a conference with the association we 
 might be able to arrive at a decision that will give satisfaction to the 
 association and to be fair to the Treasury as well. With that in view 
 I mentioned to your president, who was good enough to give me a 
 few moments of his time a month ago in Montreal, that perhaps the 
 association would be willing to appoint a committee fairly repre- 
 sentative of all views and interests in the association, and that this 
 committee might confer with me, and we would sit down and see 
 what could be done ; and as the outcome of such a conference, 
 it might, perhaps, be my pleasure to mention to my colleagues 
 that I had a scheme to meet with the approval of a chosen com- 
 mittee of the association. I simply desire it to be understood 
 that in any action I am sure the Government would require me 
 to move with the approbation of the association, and I have cer- 
 tainly no desire to run counter to your organization. Therefore 
 I can do nothing further at this moment. I have many figures 
 in the Department, but owing to the secretary having been taken 
 ill from a most extraordinary cause, pressure of work under the 
 administration— (laughter)— he has not supplied me with these 
 figures, according to promise, and therefore I am somewhat 
 unfortified to deal with the matter in further detail." 
 
 A committee was then appointed to confer with Mr. Mulock 
 consisting of the following members : Messrs. Cameron, Innes, 
 Donly, Moore, Withrow, W. F. Maclean, Brierley, Willison, Ross. 
 
 Mr. W. F. Maclean asked Mr. Mulock if the present state of 
 affairs was so acute as to necessitate some remedy. 
 
 Mr. Mulock : " I am not prepared to speak in this respect, as 
 I have not communicated with my colleagues, but my own 
 
 22 
 
opinion is that the present condition of affairs cannot be tolerated. 
 I want to proceed, if possible, with the approbation of the asso- 
 ciation, but if I cannot get the approbation of the association I 
 am going to do my duty." 
 
 Meeting adjourned for the afternoon. 
 
 FRIDAY MORNING* 
 
 Meeting opened at 9.30, and the discussion of the postage 
 (juestion was continued. 
 
 The committee appointed to confer with Mr. Mulock reported 
 briefly, Mr. Cameron speaking first. He said : " We present no 
 formal report, but can represent the trend of the Minister's view, 
 ist. The Minister indicates that the cost to the country of carry- 
 ing newspapers free has increased, and is increasing, to such an 
 extent as to constantly cause more expenditure for train service, 
 bags, postal subsidies, etc., and that some portion of this expense 
 must be borne by the newspapers. 2nd. The Minister is aware 
 that the postal facilities have been taken advantage of by persons 
 who are not entitled to them, and asks the assistance of the asso- 
 ciation in remedying theje evils. 3rd. The Minister's mind runs 
 toward the zone exemption idea, but this would be extended to 
 city paper and country paper alike. 4th. The Minister would not 
 decide off-hand on the rate per pound, and recognizes that due 
 notice of change would have to be given. 5th. The Minister 
 would be glad if a committee of the association were appointed 
 to further confer with him to assist him in getting into shape the 
 proposed legislation. 
 
 Mr. Innes thought a j{c. rate would be a fair imposition. He 
 said the Minister could not expect to make up the whole deficit 
 by this means. 
 
 Mr. Stephenson and Mr. Moore expressed themselves as being 
 in favor of zones, and both Dr. Withrow and Mr. Smallfield were 
 converted to the zone system by the arguments of the Minister. 
 
 Mr. J. S. Brierley was also influenced by Mr. Mulock's repre- 
 sentations, but thought it would be a difficult task for the 
 Government to arrange the zone system satisfactorily. The large 
 city dailies would feel that justice was not being done. The 
 
 23 
 
postage should be applied tentatively. We should try to secure 
 as low a rate as possible, and let it be applied as slowly as pos- 
 sible. He thought that in the imposition of postage there was a 
 tinge of injustice. 
 
 Mr. P. D. Ross : ** I move we do not appoint a committee. I 
 may say that the zone system would be a gold mine to me ; it 
 would answer my requirements thoroughly, but I am not in favor 
 of recommending it. Mr. Mulock yesterday met us with a great 
 deal of candor, but it was the candor of a man who was explain- 
 ing what he was determined to do. I had the impression when 
 he came that he was looking for information. I found after- 
 wards he was looking for support. He said he was prepared to 
 do his duty. We do not wish to bully Mr. Mulock. We will 
 not honor him the less if he does his duty, but we may also do 
 our duty to ourselves. If we appoint a committee to confer with 
 him he is then in a position to go to Parliament and state that 
 he has the approval of the association. That will weaken us 
 greatly in contesting or attempting to amend any proposition 
 brought forward. We also wish to put ourselves before the 
 public in a proper light. The inference at present is that we are 
 sponging on the country, but we are not, as we are compelled to 
 pay a heavy duty on printers' supplies of every kind." 
 
 Mr. Ross then moved the following resolution, seconded by 
 Mr. McGillicuddy : 
 
 " That whereas the r emoval of postage on newspapers fifteen 
 years ago was not solicited by publishers, that value was given 
 to the community at the time by the reduction of newspaper 
 prices, and that since that the scale of newspaper expenditure 
 has been graded to the existing condition, 
 
 " And whereas the fiscal system of this country recognizes the 
 promotion of home interests, and that newspaper publishers 
 without receiving any protection themselves in any shape, save 
 by the present postal law, are forced to contribute to the 
 advantage of other manufacturers and interests by the customs 
 duties on type, printing presses, printing machinery of all kinds, 
 type furniture, paper, ink, stereotype plates, newspaper cuts, in 
 short, absolutely every product that enters into the manufacture 
 of a newspaper, 
 
 •' Resolved, that this association as a body take no action in 
 regard to the Postmaster-General's proposition to reimpose postal 
 
 24 
 
rates, except to send a copy of this resolution to every publisher 
 in Canada, suggesting that should this question come before 
 Parliament each parliamentary representative should be asked to 
 insist upon reduction or abolition of the above customs duties 
 on publishers' materials as a necessary correlative to the reimposi- 
 tion of postage." 
 
 Mr. Cameron thought a more conciliatory attitude should be 
 taken than that expressed in Mr. Ross' motion. 
 
 Mr. Rutledge thought the discussion should be closed, as time 
 was being spent at the expense of the other subjects. 
 
 Mr. Innes did not think the Minister would have reason to 
 complain of discourtesy if this motion passed. If the Minister 
 desired information, any individual member would be glad to 
 favor him. 
 
 Rev. Dr. Dewart : " I think the feature of the illegitimate 
 use of the mails should be incorporated in the resolution." 
 
 Rev. A. C. Courtice moved an amendment that after the 
 word " suggesting "" in the resolution the following be inserted : 
 *' That the individual publishers give close attention to the details 
 of any changes when the matter is before Parliament." The 
 amendment was seconded by Mr. Ford. 
 
 Mr. Wrigley moved an amendment to the amendment, which 
 was lost. The amendment was also lost, the resolution being 
 carried, 21 — 6. 
 
 Mr. A. H. U. Colquhoun read a paper on " Size and the Daily 
 Press," condemning the tendency to increase the size of the city 
 dailies. He pointed out that local papers would be crowded out 
 as a result of local sections being fully covered by the dailies. 
 
 Estimating. 
 
 Mr. R. G. McLean, Toronto, read the following paper on 
 " Estimating " : 
 
 Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen, — In an unguarded moment I 
 consented to the request of your secretary to read a paper on 
 " Estimating," he representing all that was expected from me 
 would be to take up ten minutes of the association's time. 
 
 Before reading the few thoughts that have presented themselves 
 to me, I desire to apologise for appearing before you, knowing 
 how incapable I am of doing justice to the subject — especially so 
 
 in the limited time I have been able to devote to it. I have been 
 4 25 
 
kept for years so closely to my business — considerable of the time 
 at estimating— that the faculties required for appearing success- 
 fully on such an occasion as this have not been properly developed. 
 
 The person whose duty it is to do the estimating in an estab- 
 lishment doing from $50,000 to $75,000 a year has a most 
 responsible position. Anyone can figure and get business, but to 
 do so successfully and make a profit is a very difficult matter in 
 these times when competition is so keen. Getting estimates has 
 become a mania with business people, like bargain hunting with 
 the ladies. It is not an uncommon occurrence for a person to 
 come into our offices in Toronto for figures on work, saying they 
 were only going to get five or six estimates. Unless in a very 
 exceptional case, I tell them frankly that I cannot take such 
 chances. I do not think it is just right to take up the time 
 of five or six usually busy men when only one can get any benefit 
 from it. I do not consider it inquisitive to ask how many quota- 
 tions a person intends getting and in some cases asking who you 
 have to figure against, and to use your own judgment, whether it is 
 worth your while bothering with it or not. I believe we have 
 ourselves partly to blame for this condition of things. How often 
 such a person finds one of the six not very busy, who figures at 
 cost or very closely to it, in order to keep his establishment 
 going, or through an error in his calculations gets the work, and 
 finds only when making up his cost that he has made a mistake 
 — too late to be of any benefit to himself or his competitors. We 
 have all met such competition. Rather than own up to the error 
 the printer usually promises himself to be more careful in future, 
 and puts the loss down to his advertising account. 
 
 In estimating, a great deal has to be learned by experience. It 
 is like endorsing a note for a friend. A man seldom learns by 
 the warning of others, but has to learn by personal gratification. 
 I believe in the matter of ink we do not properly estimate the cost 
 of it. In Toronto there is between $10,000 and $12,000 worth of 
 ink used in the job offices yearly. I do not believe that one 
 half of it is paid for by the public. I learned a usetul lesson very 
 early in my business career which has served me well ever since 
 — as one of the items that enters into my calculations is the 
 amount of ink to be used. There was a large, partly solid cut 
 used in a job. I bought a can of red ink specially for the work, 
 thinking there would be plenty for it. My pressman got nicely 
 
 26 
 
started with the job, when he called for more ink. When the 
 work was finished I found the ink cost me $io more than I had 
 charged for the job. 
 
 Looking back at the many changes in the printing business in 
 Toronto for the past fifteen years — and I expect it is the same in 
 most of the Canadian cities — we must come to the conclusion 
 that there is something wrong, that there is a misconception 
 somewhere in the cost of producing work. Press work can be 
 done much better and cheaper when type is in good condition. I 
 think we make the mistake of not allowing enough for wear and 
 tear of our type and machinery — so that from time to time we 
 can renew our type and presses, getting the new styles and faces, 
 and enabling the older offices to compete with new firms starting 
 from time to time. 
 
 We must not forget the many expenses in calculating the cost 
 of work. How many of us forget that we should have interest on 
 the money we have invested in our plant. 
 
 Take, for instance, an establishment worth $30,000, running, 
 say yearly, six small and six cylinder presses, doing about $60,000. 
 The followi»ig are about the expenses yearly. Smaller or larger 
 offices, the expenses would be about in the same proportion : 
 
 Six per cent, on $30,000 $1,800 
 
 Wear and tear i , 500 
 
 Taxes 200 
 
 Insurance 300 
 
 Steam power, heating and lighting 1,300 
 
 Rollers 35° 
 
 Water 75 
 
 Oil, benzine, rags, etc 15° 
 
 Total...... $5,675 
 
 This means when calculating we should add 10 per cent, for 
 the above items. There is no exaggeration in these figures : 
 rather the opposite. Some claim we should allow 10 per cent, 
 for depreciation. I don't know but it is nearer right when you 
 take into account the machinists' bills and the depreciation of 
 type by being out of style. Mostly all of the older offices have 
 hundreds of dollars' worth of good type scarcely ever used except 
 by new hands. 
 
 27 
 
I wish to give an example of estimating on a monthly publica- 
 tion recently given out in Toronto. The work consisted of 80 
 pages and cover — 1,500 copies. I was anxious to get the job— as 
 well as I would have had the preference for personal reasons. I 
 put the figures as low as I thought they should be : 
 
 Composition— L. P. 33 ^ 56=1,848 ems to a 
 page at 50c. per 1,000 = 92 4-50. I made it 
 
 84 pages at 95c $79 80 
 
 Lock up and make up, loc per page 8 40 
 
 Paper— 7 X reams (5 quires for spoilage) 80 lbs. 
 
 No. 2 D.R., at 5Xc. = $4-20 per ream 32 55 
 
 Five per cent, on paper i 65 
 
 Press work and ink— 5 forms of 16 pages at $4.. 20 00 
 
 Cover— 15 >^ quires, 62-lb., at 8c 385 
 
 Press work and ink — cover 3 50 
 
 Binding and mailing 5 25 
 
 Percentage S^ 
 
 Shipping (which includes getting out stock and 
 
 delivery) i 00 
 
 Total 156 50 
 
 Do you think, gentlemen, any of the items too high ? It would 
 take the profits on the composition of a good many issues to pay 
 for a new lot of type, which should be renewed in five years. Four 
 of the best of the city offices figured on it. The successful one 
 was over $50 lower than mine ; one about $10 above him ; the 
 fourth a few dollars above mine. Why should there be a difficulty 
 in discussing such a difference in our estimating ? If this lowest 
 tenderer can be shown he is wrong, would it not be a good thing 
 for all concerned ? I might say since the job has been printed 
 there are not so many ems to the page, the type being set narrower 
 and shorter; but to offset that, the paper is a 5^ or6-cent paper. 
 
 Another wrong in cases like this is, it gives the person an idea 
 when he gets so much lower a figure that he has been robbed 
 by his former printer, when the opposite is the case. 
 
 If we had good, live organizations meeting together occasion- 
 ally and discussing the many differences that exist it would better 
 our condition. This meeting socially together and getting ac- 
 quainted, and finding out from each other that we are not bad 
 sort of fellows, should be encouraged. Probably explanations 
 
 28 
 
might put a different light on things, and the public would be 
 shown sometimes to be the ones that are to blame. 
 
 In conclusion, gentlemen, I think we should all recognize that 
 certain work belongs to certain offices. We have all, no doubt, 
 grown up with some of our best customers, who would not like 
 to give their patronage to any one else, for many reasons. I do 
 not mean by this that if you are asked to give a figure you 
 should refuse. But when you have reason to believe a firm 
 satisfied with his printer, if you keep a traveller, instruct him not 
 to call on him, or if you are asked to figure on a job that has 
 been for years in an office, give a fair figure, and not, as is often 
 done, put it down so that you would be better without it. 
 When you are figuring on such a job, remember it is human 
 nature to pay you back in your own coin, and don't be surprised 
 at losing an old customer of your own some day. A good busi- 
 ness man who has people who trust him will be wise if, when 
 there is a reduction in the price of paper, he gives his customer 
 the benefit. To illustrate : A printer told me that he had been 
 doing the work of a concern for about twenty years, and was 
 asked to send in a new tender to compete with others. He was 
 charging the same price for the stock as when it was about double 
 the present price. When he calculated the difference he was 
 ashamed to lower the price to what he could afford to do it for 
 and lost the work. What we require is to get the confidence of 
 our customers. If at any time there is a question as to the figure 
 you charge your customer, be prepared to let him see a copy of 
 your estimate and show your invoices for paper, although, as a 
 rule, I do not think a customer should be shown more than is 
 necessary. Very often, when a person will not leave his own 
 printer if he is not the lowest, the competing printer thinks the 
 reason he does not get the work is that he is too high, and 
 makes up his mind the next time to go still lower, not having the 
 good sense to see that the person does not wish to make a 
 change. It is poor satisfaction to have to wait until a printer 
 who cuts the prices of your regular customers gets to the end of 
 his tether, for as surely as he does there will be others to take 
 his place. 
 
 29 
 
Illustrated Editions for Weeklies. 
 
 " Illustrated Editions for Weeklies " was the subject of an 
 entertaining paper by Mr. W. Ireland, Parry Sound : 
 
 In attempting to write a paper upon this subject for the con- 
 sideration of the association, I am fully conscious that what I 
 may say will not be at all new to many of the members, especi- 
 ally to the publishers of dailies, and of weeklies in large towns, 
 any of whom could probably treat the subject much better and 
 with greater fulness of detail than I. 
 
 Having promised the president at the last annual meeting to 
 prepare a paper, I was for some time at a loss for a subject, until 
 our experience with illustrated editions suggested to me the topic 
 which I have selected. 
 
 Let me say at the beginning, that the people of Parry Sound 
 district are much the same as those residing in the other rural 
 portions of the Province, and I take it that what will move them 
 will have a like effect elsewhere. The motive by which I have 
 been prompted to write upon this subject was, that our esteemed 
 contemporaries who may not yet have made the discovery that 
 there is money in issuing illustrated editions, and that an in- 
 creased circulation, with a consequently widened sphere of use- 
 fulness, will follow, may profit by our experience. We claim no 
 patent right of an inventor or discoverer, and do not pretend to 
 imagine that we have any title to warrant us to apply for copy- 
 right either in this or the Mother Land, or in the United States, 
 but our experience has been such a revelation to us that we fancy 
 we are quite justified in thinking the illustrated edition will be 
 found of greater service in extending the circulation, increasing 
 the influence and enlarging the domain of the weekly newspaper 
 than all the schemes of giving premiums, clubbing with big city 
 weeklies, or even issuing fancy calendars. 
 
 It was not until last year that we attempted anything like a 
 complete illustrated number. Prior to that we had from time to 
 time inserted one or two cuts of special interest, and, while we 
 found that our patrons appreciated every effort in that direction, 
 it did not in any way prepare us for the surprising success of a 
 regular illustrated edition. 
 
 We contemplated at first issuing a twelve-page Christmas num- 
 ber, but our canvasser found the project so generously received 
 
 30 
 
and the applications for extra advertising space so extensive that 
 we were obliged to arrange for a sixteen-page issue. We had 
 sixteen columns of extra or special advertisements, and were 
 compelled to compromise with some of our advertisers in the 
 matter of space, because we had not time to further enlarge 
 beyond the sixteen pages. Then, too, we had intended to issue 
 during Christmas week, but the advertisers desired us to get out 
 the special edition a week earlier, so that they might have the 
 benefit of the advertising for their Christmas trade. We had 
 prepared a full and complete sketch of the history of the town, 
 from the time when the Jesuit Fathers called there on their 
 way to and from Montreal, down to the present, or, as one 
 subscriber remarked, "from the time of the flood down to lo 
 p.m. on the day of publication." With this we arranged for 
 a number of illustrations, consisting of views of scenery and 
 buildings, together with halftone photos of members of the Town 
 Council and other prominent citizens. The labor of getting out 
 this special edition was of course considerable, but by working 
 over-time we managed it with our regular staff, but issued a day 
 late. Although no public announcement of the special had been 
 made other than by our canvasser in soliciting advertising, we 
 soon found that the whole town knew of our intentions, and 
 everybody was interested in it and eagerly waiting for the appear- 
 ance of the paper. People were continually calling at the office 
 asking if it were printed yet, and by the time we were ready to 
 start the press, there was scarcely room for the workmen to move 
 about by reason of the expectant crowd. From the mayor down, 
 all classes were represented in the throng, and all 'ere intent on 
 getting a first glimpse of the illustrated paper. Vhen it was 
 finally in the hands of the subscribers, there was but one opinion 
 as to its excellence. All the defects which were so painfully 
 apparent to us, in this first venture, were either not seen by our 
 patrons or kindly over-looked by them. On all sides our enter- 
 prise was praised in a manner which must have made our con- 
 temporary across the way green with envy. 
 
 Although we printed some three hundred extra copies, within 
 twenty-four hours after the forms had been taken from the press 
 the whole edition had been eagerly bought up at 5 cents per copy, 
 and for weeks after letters . from all parts of the Province, from 
 the United States and England poured in upon us in showers 
 
 31 
 
asking for one or more of the Christmas number, which we 
 unfortunately were unable to supply, but may yet do so by 
 reprinting the whole issue. 
 
 That I may emphasize the statement that not only Parry 
 Sound people appreciated the effort, let me read two of the great 
 number of complimentary letters received : 
 
 James Craven, principal of one of the public schools of Dayton, 
 Ohio, wrote : *' Compliments on the Christmas number of the 
 Star. The sketch of Parry Sound, containing, as it did, so many 
 facts new to me, was read here in * Yankee ' land with great 
 interest. The edition was a gem of typographical art and would 
 be creditable to a metropolitan journal." 
 
 Messrs. Reed, Owens, Wood & Arnold, of Toronto and Brace- 
 bridge, wrote : *' As subscribers we desire to express our apprecia- 
 ation of your Christmas and New Year's editions. Perhaps no 
 other paper published in Northern Ontario has attempted any- 
 thing so elaborate and interesting. Your effort marks the march 
 of progress, going steadily forward among the settlers ; and well 
 as you have done, we trust it is only an incident of the future." 
 
 We are receiving very many other letters from different parts 
 of the world, equally flattering, but the infliction of the two upon 
 the members of the association is probably all that I can safely 
 venture. 
 
 So great was the favor with which our first venture was received 
 that we decided to issue a New Year's edition, and have since 
 that time illustrated our regular issue almost every week. This 
 we find to be greatly appreciated by the people of the district 
 generally and, what is perhaps more to the point, it pays. Not 
 only have we found that the illustrated edition sells readily, but 
 we have also discovered that it has increased our circulation very 
 rapidly and materially. With the hardest times ever experienced 
 in our district, our canvasser finds it easy to secure large additions 
 to our list, and almost every mail brings its quota of new sub- 
 scribers accompanied by the dollar, which we all find so indis- 
 pensable. I believe it is no exaggeration to say that we have 
 been adding to our list of subscribers at the rate of 25 or 30 a 
 week since the inauguration of our present plan. People who 
 previously would not take the paper at any price, persons on the 
 other side of politics who formerly saw no good in the Star — 
 
 32 
 
well, "we've got 'em on our list," and we find that the paper is 
 accorded a standing never before enjoyed. 
 
 Now, a word as to the extra cost. The wise publishtr can 
 easily make the illustrated number cover its own cost, but as well 
 it can be made a source of revt-nue. The great item of expense 
 is the cost of cuts and a better quality of paper, and this is more 
 than met by the advertisement^^. Moreover, when the photos of 
 public men are inserted, these "gentlemen will readily put up $5 
 or even more towards the expense, and buy large numbers of 
 extra papers to send to their friends. 
 
 I need not say anything as to the printing further than that 
 good photos must be secured or your cuts will prove a failure. 
 Good toned paper — it can't be too good — and good ink are 
 absolute essentials. How to print from half-tone engravings any 
 of the trade jouanals can tell you better than I, and with experi- 
 ence any well-equipped office will be able to turn out good work. 
 We have not yet been able to print our illustrated editions to our 
 entire satisfaction, but we improve every week. It is not our 
 intention to illustrate every issue, but shall continue to do so from 
 time to time, and I would advise all the members who have not 
 yet tried the experiment to do so, and feel satisfied they will be 
 content with the results. 
 
 Country Correspondents. 
 
 Mr. A. R. Fawcett, Leader, Toronto Junction, read a paper on 
 " Country Correspondents " : 
 
 Mr. President and Gentlemen : In giving a paper on "Country 
 Correspondents," I must necessarily speak from personal observa- 
 tion and experience. 
 
 Three years ago last December the Toronto Junction Leader 
 was established, and almost the first thing the proprietor did was 
 to secure a staff of correspondents. In this matter considerable 
 difficulty was experienced, but by a judicious use of the blue 
 pencil he was soon able to boast of a first-class staff of reliable, 
 live, wide-awake, up-to-date correspondents. About the time this 
 had been accomplished the proprietor of the Leader purchased 
 the Woodbridge printing office, placing a manager in charge 
 thereof. Shortly afterwards a printing plant was put in the Schom- 
 berg office, when the paper was increased in size and a large staff 
 of new correspondents was secured to represent the Leader in 
 
 5 33 
 
unrepresented districts. A few months later the Recorder was 
 purchased from Captain Allen and amalgamated with the Leader, 
 when the name of the paper was changed to that which it now 
 bears — the Leader and Recorder. Two months afterwards, the 
 York Observer was purchased and amalgamated with the Leader 
 and Recorder, which to-day represents five York County news- 
 papers in one. 
 
 Of course, the natural result of these changes was to add very 
 largely to the staflf of country correspondents, as well as to the 
 duties of the editor. To facilitate the gathering of news from this 
 large district, which includes the townships of Etobicoke, York, 
 Scarboro', Markham, Vaughan, King, and Whitchurch, in York, 
 and Tecumseh in Simcoe County, and the minor municipalities 
 of North Toronto, East Toronto, Toronto Junction, Weston and 
 Woodbridge, the territory was mapped out into districts, the 
 correspondents in each district being under the supervision of 
 the managers of the head office and the branch offices as follows: 
 
 News from Tecumseh, Whitchurch and King to be sent to the 
 manager of the Schomberg office ; Markham, Vaughan, and the 
 northern parts of York and Etobicoke to be sent to the manager 
 of the ^Voodbridge office ; the southern parts of Etobicoke and 
 York, Scarboro', East Toronto, North Toronto and Weston to be 
 sent to the head office at Toronto Junction. The news sent to 
 the Schomberg office is not only revised by the local editor 
 there, but it is put in type in that office, the same thing being 
 done with the matter sent to the Woodbridge office. On W^ed- 
 nesday night of each week the type from these offices is sent by 
 express to the head office, where it is made up and printed on a 
 fast two-revolution Campbell press run by an electric motor. 
 
 But, notwithstanding the fact thit the weekly task of handling 
 the news service furnished by some sixty odd correspondents 
 scattered throughout the country had been reduced to a system, 
 it occurred to me that there was still something wanting to bring 
 the service up to the highest standard of efficiency. With this 
 object in view, the speaker gave his first annual banquet to the 
 correspondents, managers, agents and compositors of the Leader 
 and Recorder. The banquet was a decided success, and was 
 attended by representatives of the paper from all parts of the 
 country. " It was the most interesting banquet I ever attended," 
 said a correspondent to me afterwards, " and I hope you'll make 
 
 34 
 
an annual affair of it." Here these gentlemen met, got acquainted 
 with each other, and exchanged ideas over the festive board 
 which were beneficial to all concerned. 
 
 Of course the editor did not allow the opportunity to pass 
 without giving some useful hints for the guidance of any of his 
 correspondents who might be in need of such. In every way the 
 bamjuet was a success, and was repeated the following year with 
 equally good results. This year, at an early date, we propose 
 holding our third annual banquet. 
 
 My instructions to correspondents are as follows : 
 
 1. Send items of news, such as personals, deaths, births, 
 marriages, accidents, improvements, reports of meetings, enter- 
 tainments, councils, conventions, secret societies, etc., in fact 
 everything that is of general interest to the people of your district. 
 
 (I place personals first on the list, as I regard the personal col- 
 umn as one of the most interesting and attractive features of the 
 modern weekly newspaper. Years ago there was a strong prejudice 
 against the insertion of personals in newspapers, but the journal of 
 to-day that fails to devote considerable space to personal and 
 social items is behind the times and not in touch with the pro- 
 gressive spirit of the age.) 
 
 2. Avoid personal squibs calculated to injure the feelings or 
 reputation of innocent people. 
 
 3. Report political meetings fairly and impartially, no matter 
 what your political predilections may be. The Leader and -Re- 
 corder believes in giving every man fair play in its columns, re- 
 gardless of creed or color, or political complexion. 
 
 4. Refrain from commenting upon any question whatsoever. 
 The editor will attend to that part of the business. 
 
 5. You will, of course, always tell the truth. At the same 
 time it is well to remember that the truth is sometimes regarded 
 as libellous — by the law. In short, my son, be careful that you 
 do not walk into the jaws of the shyster lawyer and enable that 
 unscrupulous individual to wring shekels from the slender purse 
 of thy friend, the editor. Avoid such a mischance as you would 
 " the wrath to come ! " 
 
 6. Condense every item as much as possible without destroy- 
 ing its sense or altering the meaning you intend to convey to the 
 public. 
 
 7. Write on both sides of the paper if you prefer it, but if you 
 
 35 
 
desire to consult the feelings of the foreman, write on one side 
 only. 
 
 Who make the best correspondents ? is a question I am often 
 asked. The best correspondent I ever had was a shoemaker, 
 who had evidently mistaken his calling in early life ; and the best 
 correspondent on my staff at the present time is a retired farmer. 
 Teachers make good correspondents as a rule, although some of 
 them delight in using words of " learned length and thundering 
 sound," and are so prosy that they will sometimes cover a whole 
 sheet of foolscap in describing an event that any newspaper man 
 present could boil down into half a dozen lines. Ministers of 
 the Gospel are dead failures as correspondents, because they 
 seldom send in anything except church news, and that is usually 
 all about their own church. Occasionally they throw in a mar- 
 riage or death, but beyond such items as these — which are well 
 enough in their place —they never seem to get. It frecjuently 
 happens that the man least likely to make a good correspondent 
 in a certain neighborhood — possibly the very last man you would 
 think of selecting — ^turns out to be the man best suited to the 
 position. So, because there is not a teacher in a neighborhood 
 you are anxious to have represented in your paper, do not come 
 to the conclusion that a good correspondent is not available. The 
 village shoemaker, the blacksmith, or the tailor, may be the very 
 man you want. 
 
 Country correspondents may be divided into three classes : 
 
 First — Those who make it a point to send in items every week, 
 and if news is scarce occupy valuable space in telling you so. 
 
 Second — Those who send along all the petty gossip of the neigh- 
 borhood, overlook important items of news, and keep you in hot 
 water with your subscribers in that locality pretty much all the 
 time. This class of correspondents is aptly described in the fol- 
 lowing lines : 
 
 THE COUNTRY CORRESPONDENT. 
 
 You may talk about youi scorchers 
 
 And girls in bloomers, too. 
 Your new woman and Sunday cars, 
 
 And the harm that they will do. 
 
 But I can name a thing that's worse 
 Than any of these, I swear ; , 
 
 36 
 
To endure it is agony, 
 
 far more than we can bear. 
 
 Oh, need I tell you what it is ? 
 
 Its name makes me despondent ; 
 You'll not dispute me when I say 
 
 'Tis a country correspondent. 
 
 In mystery his name is shrouded. 
 
 He's worse than any ghost, 
 Of every little thing he hears 
 
 He always makes the most. 
 
 But there's a way to tell him — 
 
 Just whisper it to yourself — 
 He writes up scandalous items 
 
 Of everyone but himself. 
 
 His head is thick, his brains are few, 
 
 His vocabulary's small. 
 But still he writes in spite of this, 
 
 For he thinks he knows it all. 
 
 Of news he misses not a bit, 
 
 What each one does, where each one goes, 
 For like a r.neak he prys about. 
 
 No honorable ways he knows. 
 
 And heaven help the mortal who 
 
 Falls under his displeasure, 
 Against him all his massive brain 
 
 Is hurled without measure. 
 
 For the next items that he will write 
 
 Will be full of jokes and puns 
 About that poor unfortunate 
 
 Who collapses all at once. 
 
 Of anything and everything 
 
 He manages to write, 
 And in his own opinion 
 
 He's completely out of sight. 
 
 Oh, poor deluded mortal ! 
 
 He's happy in his sphere, 
 I hope he'll be forgiven above 
 
 For being a nuisance here. ■ ^ 
 
 And now cheer up, ye suffering ones, 
 
 And do not be despondent, 
 Just pull your gun and shoot at sight 
 
 Your country correspondent. 
 
 37 
 
But to say that all country correspondents should be classed 
 alike, as the foregoing lines would seem to indicate, is, of course, 
 absurd. There are correspondents and correspondents, just as 
 there are poets and poets. 
 
 Third — Those whose items are always so newsy and interesting 
 that, no matter how crowded your columns are, you always man- 
 age to find a corner for them. The blue pencil seldom, if ever, 
 defaces their copy. This is the class to which the model country 
 correspondent belongs— the men who do more towards building 
 up a country or county newspaper than the editor himself. 
 
 It is the country correspondent who enables the publisher of 
 the country paper to hold his own against the cheap editions sent 
 out into the country by the evening newspapers. It is the 
 country correspondent who understands country people so well 
 that one item sent in by him may be more interesting to the 
 farmer and his family than the reading matter contained in a ton 
 of outside publications. The country weekly, minus a full quota 
 of country correspondence from the principal points in its particu- 
 lar constituency, would be like a boiler without the engine — 
 there might be plenty of steam, but there would be mighty little 
 
 go in it. 
 
 Machine Composition. 
 
 The following is a paper on " Machine Composition," by P. D. 
 Ross, Ottawa. - , 
 
 I propose to give you in the briefest possible form the facts of 
 over two years' experience in the Ottawa Evening Journal's office 
 with different kinds of typecasting machines. 
 
 The Journal first had Typographs for a year, and since has had 
 Linotypes for more than a year. 
 
 The moral I will state in advance. It is this : I believe that 
 any publisher who sets one hundred thousand ems minion per 
 week can make machine work pay, and that as he exceeds that 
 quantity he can gain rapidly. * 
 
 The Journal's Equipments — In 1895 ^^^ Journal had five 
 Typographs on lease — four minion machines, one nonpareil. 
 Since 1895, the Journal has had three minion Linotypes, and one 
 nonpareil Typograph. I propose to give the exact cost of each 
 set of machines, partly as a itter of interest of comparison, 
 chiefly to show that either machine is very economical. For the 
 purpose of comparison I will leave aside the nonpareil Typograph, 
 
 38 
 
which the Journal has had throughout, and will compare the 
 working only of the four minion Typographs with the three 
 minion Linotypes. 
 
 Factors of Cost. — The factors of cost in the machines of either 
 kind are : 
 
 1. Interest on capital. 6. Repairs and matrices. 
 
 2. Depreciation. 7. Gas for fuel. 
 
 3. Machinist. 8. Power. 
 
 4. Operators. 9. Oil, waste, etc. 
 
 5. Metal. 
 
 The factor of saving is avoidance of the cost of type. 
 
 Composition by Typograph. — The Journal installed Typo- 
 graphs in December, 1894, and kept them a year. Of the four 
 minion operators, one was both operator and machinist. He 
 got $15 per week. Of the three other men put on the machines 
 at the Ottawa union rate for eight-hour day work, namely, $12, 
 one had had a short previous experience on the Typograph, on\ 
 had been a Linotype man, the third was a compositor entirely 
 new to machines. All picked up speed rapidly and continued 
 improving to the end of the year. During the last month the 
 showing was as follows : 
 
 For four weeks, 48 hours per week, solid minion, without 
 heads or slugs, run of newspaper copy, mostly bad handwriting: 
 
 
 
 
 Total for 
 month. 
 
 Average 
 weekly. 
 
 Average 
 daily. 
 
 Average 
 hourly. 
 
 
 
 
 ems. 
 
 ems. 
 
 ems. 
 
 ems. 
 
 Operator 
 
 No. 
 
 I. 
 
 . 540,000 
 
 139,200 
 
 23,200 
 
 2,900 
 
 u 
 
 No. 
 
 2. 
 
 .513,600 
 
 128,400 
 
 21,400 
 
 2,680 
 
 (» 
 
 No. 
 
 3. 
 
 .500,000 
 
 125,000 
 
 20,800 
 
 2,600 
 
 U 
 
 No. 
 
 4. 
 
 .468,000 
 
 117,000 
 
 19,500 
 
 2,440 
 
 509,600 84,900 10,620 
 
 Average per hour for one month of all four machines, run of 
 copy, 2,650. 
 
 The wages of the four operators totalled $51 per week, or $8.50 
 per day. The other factors of cost were as follows, except that 
 in place of rent I assume the machines were purchased at say 
 $1,140 apiece (5 per cent, off list price of $1,200), and reckon 
 interest at 6 per cent, and depreciation 10 per cent. The other 
 items are the actual cost in the Journal office in 1895. 
 
 39 
 
Four machines at 1,140 = $4,560. 
 
 Interest on $4,560 at 6 per cent $273 
 
 Depreciation on $4,560 at 10 per cent 456 
 
 Machines! — none ; not needed 
 
 Repairs and matrices 121 
 
 Gas for fuel, at $1.25 per 1,000 feet 160 
 
 Power {i}4 H.P.) 50 
 
 Metal 132 
 
 Oil, waste, etc., about 10 
 
 $1,202 
 
 Working days in the year, 305 ; cost of machine per day ($1,202 
 "^ 305) = $3-94^ wages of operators per day, $8.60; total cost 
 per day, $12.44 for 84,900 ems solid minion, equivalent to 14.65c. 
 per 1,000. 
 
 The machines worked admirably. There was hardly ever a 
 stop except through the carelessness of the operators in regulating 
 the heat of the metal. The machines seemed exceedingly well 
 built. I think anyone is safe with a Typograph if the operator is 
 careful, moderately intelligent and well instructed to start with. 
 The Journal's operators did not seem to have reached the limit of 
 speed, having steadily improved up to the last. 
 
 Composition by Linotype. — In December, 1895, we decided to 
 buy three Linotypes and part with four minion Typographs. The 
 reason for the change was that we believed that in quantity of 
 setting we were crossing the line at which a Linotype battery be- 
 comes the more economical, owing to greater speed and fewer 
 operators. That line I place at about 600,000 ems per week, 
 according to the wages required by good Linotype men. 
 
 During the month of January just ended, after a little over one 
 year's experience, the Journal Linotype operators did as follows : 
 
 For four weeks, 48 hours per week, solid minion, without 
 heads or slugs, run of newspaper copy : 
 
 Per month. 
 
 Total Weekly Daily Hourly 
 
 ems. average. average, average. 
 
 Operator No. i 968,400 242, 100 40,350 5,044 
 
 ** " 2 840,240 210,060 35,010 4,380 
 
 " " 3 787,200 196,800 32,800 4,100 
 
 648,960 108,160 13,524 
 
 40 
 
Average per hour for one month of all three machines, run of 
 copy, 4,508 ems. 1 
 
 Operator No. i receivei $15, the other two $13.50 each, the 
 Ottawa union day rate. Total, $42, or $7 per day. 
 
 The other factors of actual cost in the Journal office for the 
 year 1896 were (cost of machines, say $2,850 each, being 5 per 
 cent, off list price of $3,000, or $8,550 for three machines) : 
 
 Per year. 
 
 4 Salary of machinist, $15 per week $780 
 
 Interest on $8,550 at 6 per cent 513 
 
 Depreciation on $8,550 at 10 per cent 855 
 
 Repairs and matrices, actual cost 1896.... 189 
 
 Gas for fuel at $i..'!5 per 1,000 feet 93 
 
 Power (i>^ h.p.) 50 
 
 Metal 142 
 
 Oil, waste, etc., about 10 
 
 $2,632 
 
 Working days in year, 305 ; cost of machines per day 
 ($2,632 ^ 305) = $8.63; wages of operators, $7 per day; total 
 cost per day, $15.63 for 108,160 ems solid minion, equivalent 
 to 14.47 cents per thousand. 
 
 It is due to say that with both Typograph and Linotype, the 
 Journal has been blessed with the services of a first-class employee 
 as machinist — Mr. Frank McMurray. He was both machinist 
 and operator very successfully on the Typograph, and the same 
 plan was tried with him for a year with the Linotypes, but they 
 proved to need an embarrassing amount of machinist attention, 
 and recently we thought it best to give that plan up, and now do 
 not ask him to operate ext3fept to a limited extent. Not only is 
 the Linotype a more complicated machine, but speaking with 
 regard to mechanical construction we cannot say that it has given 
 as complete satisfaction as the Typograph. Our feeling is that 
 better mechanical finish could be given in the Canadian Linotype 
 factory. 
 
 At the same time, the above figures of composition include all 
 stops and delays, and the operators are still gaining speed. 
 
 It will be noted that the necessity of employing a machinist 
 would apparently prevent a battery of less than three Linotypes 
 being as economical as Typographs. 
 
 Comparison with Hand-Work. — The union rate in Ottawa for 
 hand composition is 33c. by piece work; by the week, $ii. 
 
 41 
 
Calculating that in an eight-hour day a good compositor will set 
 and distribute 6,000 ems solid minion, composition at $11 per 
 week of forty-eight hours means 30c. per 1,000. Composition 
 by either Typograph or Linotype is less than 15c. To the cost 
 of hand composition must be added the wear and tear of type. 
 It is certain, therefore, that machine composition in the Journal's 
 case costs not more than half what hand composition of the 
 same quantity would. If the Journal has not saved that, it is 
 because, like other papers, it yields to the temptation to increase 
 its output. 
 
 Note that the whole calculation is based on union wages. A 
 country publisher who gets cheaper hand composition must figure 
 for himself how that would affect his case. I can only say that 
 I see no reason why a single Typograph will not give as cheap 
 setting proportionately as half a dozen. I mean that a single 
 Typograph with a $12 operator ought to give composition at 
 under 15 cents a thousand. But the operator must know his 
 business. - .* 
 
 Machine Work. 
 
 Mr. Laird, Cobourg, gave a paper on " Machine Work " : 
 Mr. President and Gentlemen, — You will observe by referring 
 to the published programme of this meeting that the subject we 
 are requested to discuss is machine work. This covers a wider 
 field than I feel capable of traversing, as my experience has been 
 limited to the use of only one kind of machine, namely, the 
 Rogers' Typograph, and consequently I cannot convey any infor- 
 mation regarding other machines. As Mr. Ross, just preceding 
 me, has dealt with the subject from the standpoint of the city 
 daily, I will endeavor to confine myself to a consideration of the 
 type-casting machine from the standpoint of the country weekly. 
 And here allow me to digress for one moment to say that I have 
 attended the annual sessions of the Canadian Press Association 
 for several years, and never have I heard the subject practically 
 discussed in its relation to the country weekly newspaper office. 
 Time and again I have listened to exhaustive papers teeming in 
 facts and figures confined to the operations of the city daily and 
 large newspaper offices throughout the country. Elaborate 
 statistics have been given to show how many thousand ems could 
 be set in a weekly under the most favored circumstances, by 
 
 42 
 
expert operators working with power. The information may 
 have been, and I have no doubt was, of great value to proprietors 
 of large concerns who manage their establishments with a strict 
 regard to the cost of each detail in connection with their business. 
 But I must confess, and I may be obtuse in doing so, that I never 
 was able to glean much real practical information regarding the 
 one great question : Is a type-casting machine practicable in the 
 ordinary country weekly newspaper office? Time and again has 
 it been estabHshed at our meetings that machine work is not only 
 practicable in the large offices, but is desirable and money saving. 
 In fact, I may say that we have come to look upon type-setting 
 and type-casting machines as indispensable in the larger offices 
 in these days of progress and keen competition. But the ques- 
 tion as to whether casting type by machinery in rural weeklies is 
 practicable has not, so far as I am aware, been brought especially 
 before this association. 
 
 It is with this end in view, therefore, that I propose to review 
 briefly the merits and demerits of the Rogers machine in the 
 country weekly office ; and in treating this question permit me to 
 premise it by stating the extent of my experience, and I will not 
 go beyond my experience, so that you will perceive how far I am 
 capable of forming a judgment. Then, too, I will state the cir- 
 cumstances under which we use this machine, so that you will be 
 able to tell how they correspond with your own. I do not pro- 
 pose to go into elaborate figures and statistics, for I think the 
 ordinary country publisher is guided more by general results than 
 by nicely figured out tables. 
 
 In the Cobourg Sentinel-Star office the Rogers Typograph 
 has been in use for almost three years. The population of the 
 town is 5,000 and the circulation of the paper is about 1,600. I 
 mention this merely for comparative purposes. We set about 20 
 columns of matter per week. In our office, and I have no doubt 
 it is the same in most weekly offices of our class, we employed 
 apprentices at the case to whom we paid from $10 to $ 1 2 per 
 month when they were fairly well advanced. Most of the twenty 
 columns was put up on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and 
 Thursday. On Friday the hands were busy issuing the paper, 
 and Saturday was devoted to throwing in type. Averaging a gal- 
 ley and a quarter to a galley and a half of type per man per day, 
 at wages specified, the cost of putting up the paper was about $10 
 
 43 
 
per week. This estimate is in the rough with a view to avoiding 
 intricate tables and fine calculations, and without any reference 
 to the cost of setting advertisements, etc., for which I am not 
 calculating just now. 
 
 What does the Typograph cost us to produce exactly similar 
 results ? If we can arrive at an exact estimate, then we can 
 compare the two methods and judge accordingly. 
 
 The rent of the Typograph is $5 per week; the cost of the gas 
 for heating metal at $1.25 per thousand feet is $1.50 per week. 
 We put an intelligent young man on the machine as operator at 
 apprentice's wages, $3 per week. This makes a total cost of $9.50 
 per week, and the addition of another 50c. per week will more 
 than cover any repairs that may become necessary, as well as 
 electric lighting, oil, waste, brushes, benzine, etc. I am not now 
 figuring on the cost of matrices, because under the rental system 
 matrices are renewed free of charge. An intelligent, careful 
 young man, after six months' experience, will turn out three to 
 four columns per day and will put up twenty columns per week 
 without any trouble. Just here I might say that he could put 
 up eight or ten columns more per week for about the same cost 
 if we required it. 
 
 According to my estimate, therefore, the cost of composition is 
 practically the same when done by apprentices at the case as 
 when done by an apprentice with one machine. The only saving 
 I think it effects is in the cost of the wear and tear on type, and 
 being practical men yourselves you know better than I can tell 
 you how much your wear and tear on type amounts to. It would 
 cost more in some offices than in others, but it is a great consid- 
 eration in any office. 
 
 Of course, this calculation would vary considerably in case the 
 publisher purchases the machine instead of renting it. In that 
 event, the cost of the matrices, probably $25 per year, would be 
 added to the yearly cost , but on the other hand, the interest on 
 the money invested would not amount to one-half the rental 
 charged by the company. There is, therefore, far more money to 
 the publisher in owning the machine than in renting it. 
 
 There is no denying the fact that the best press work is pro- 
 duced from type, the impression being more regular, distinct and 
 easit ■ read. On the other hand, the machine is capable of piling 
 up matter with a great rush, which, in this day of keen competi- 
 
 44 
 
tion and electric rapidity, gives a machine ofiice a great advant- 
 age. With type there is nothing to get out of order ; with the 
 machine an accident is liable to occur, but on this point I may 
 say our machine has been running without a hitch for seven 
 months, and for nine months prior was never out of working 
 order. I have now placed the matter before you in as compre- 
 hensive a manner as I can, though, I feel, rather roughly. As to 
 the practicability of the type-casting machine in the country 
 weekly office 1 have no doubt ; as to its desirability, I leave the 
 matter in your own hands to decide for yourselves. 
 
 Advertising. 
 
 Mr. A. J. Jeffery, of the Arnprior Chronicle, who was present 
 as a delegate from the Ottawa Valley Press Association, con- 
 tributed the following paper on advertising : 
 
 It is obvious that while advertising has for its ultimate and 
 direct object the control and direction of public opinion, com- 
 mercial advertising involves features peculiar to itself, owing 
 chiefly to its diversified nature. The proprietor of a remedy to 
 cure a lame back may safely assume that all the people thus 
 afflicted desire a change, and are willing to give anything a fair 
 trial that may promise relief. In other cases of advertismg this 
 is not universally true. An advertiser who would gain anything 
 for his cause has not only to appeal to judgment, but by catchy, 
 well-written and, withal, truthful ads., has to counteract prejudice, 
 and when success does come, the newspaper, if up to date in 
 setting an ad., will receive as much credit as the live advertiser. 
 Advertising is greatly affected by our national traits and idiosyn- 
 crasies. The advertiser who makes these local characteristics his 
 allies, and gets at his public through them, stands an excellent 
 chance of succeeding. He may laugh in his sleeve at the narrow- 
 mindedness or the childishness of his public, but if he is wise he 
 will make his profit out of these foibles. The mania for bargains 
 is a trait closely allied to the " free " instinct, and to my mind 
 should be encouraged by newspapers. Department store after 
 department store thrives on it. 
 
 The more it is catered to the more rapacious it becomes. The 
 wise advertiser makes the fullest use of it, while the live publisher 
 gets the advantage of it. A lack of ability to long concentrate 
 the attention, and a disinclination to concentrated mental effort, 
 
 45 
 
is a distinctively North American trait ; it makes people eschew 
 large ads. in small type, lengthy and uninteresting explanations 
 of the relative merits of wares, and everjthing that necessitates 
 more than brief attention. Perhaps our busy life is accountable 
 for this. In any case, it is a characteristic of which the advertiser 
 may well take note. It has been well said, " The advertiser is 
 fortunate who can bring to his ^id the force of a delicate and 
 refined humor." A laugh puts the reader in a receptive mood, 
 ready to listen to whatever else may be forthcoming. To the 
 advertiser who makes everything his allies, other distinctively 
 national traits which he can press into his service will readily 
 occur. 
 
 I feel conscientiously within my right in recommending adver- 
 tising agents to my fellow publishers' favorable consideration, and 
 consider they should all be treated as friends. Inasmuch as they 
 are continually ferretting up business for us, and guarantee pay- 
 ment, therefore, when approached by private advertisers, pub- 
 lishers should under no consideration quote rates, or give rates, 
 in favor of the private advertiser, as i't would be most unjust and 
 unfair to the agents. The following clause is from a circular 
 issued some time ago by a special committee (of which the writer 
 was a member) of the O. V. P. A. to the general publishers of 
 Eastern Ontario, and which I think is quite in place now : 
 
 "That for display advertising in papers of 1,500 circulation 
 and under, a minimum rate of $3 per inch per year be charged. 
 For papers over 1,500 circulation the minimum rate to be $4 per 
 inch per year. 
 
 "For reading matter notices the minimum rates to be loc. and 
 I2C. per inch each insertion, respectively." 
 
 The publishers were recommended to make out a scale of rates 
 on above basis and send to advertising agents, with the assurance 
 in polite but firm language that these rates will not be deviated 
 from in any case. This will save a great deal of unnecessary 
 correspondence. If the publishers will pardon the liberty the 
 committee take, we would like to say that the one thing necessary 
 to better prices is more backbone on the part of each publisher 
 as regards rates. Do not let us jump at the first offer made us, 
 but let us know what a certain space is worth, and then, like busi- 
 ness men, demand the price and take nothing but the price. Of 
 course, this is gross to the agent and net to the private advertiser. 
 
 46 
 
I consider this Is quite applicable to the present case. The 
 advertiser and the publisher must work together to obtain success. 
 The advertiser with his tact and well-written ads. count for little 
 if the same tact and energy is not shown by the publisher ; there- 
 fore, to make it reciprocal, the publisher must have the necessary 
 stimulant— his price. A half-price, slovenly set ad. gives a black 
 eye to the paper, same as a dishonest ad hits hard the advertiser. 
 A good ad. never gets that tired feeling, neither do the people 
 wlio read it ; and one'advantage a good ad. has, it never has an 
 impediment in speech. I have always made it a duty to dis- 
 courage large spasmodic advertising, which is invariably done at 
 the season of the year when a publisher can ill afford the space. 
 In this age of advancement one has so many things to remember. 
 When a reader reads a large and only ad., it may strike him in 
 a favorable way for the time bein^. But, alas ! how prone is the 
 human mind to forget, for most probably when he is in need of 
 the article advertised he has entirely forgotten the appearance of 
 the ad. A constant ad. is a constant reminder, while one ad. is 
 but the corner-stone of a future trade. These are a few notions, 
 or ideaSj of my own on advertising matters. Still, I think, if 
 adhered to by publishers, they would prove beneficial in the 
 
 end. 
 
 The Advertisjjng Agencies. 
 
 The following letter was received by the secretary from Mr. A. 
 
 McKim, of Montreal : 
 
 Montreal, February 3, 1897. 
 
 John A. Cooper, Esq., Secretary the Canadian Press Association, 
 Toronto, Ont.: 
 
 Dear Sir, — I regret very much that circumstances are such 
 that I shall not be able to attend your annual convention. It was 
 exceedingly courteous on the part of the Canadian Press Associa- 
 tion to extend an invitation to an' advertising agent to be present 
 at one of your meetings, and I deeply appreciate it. 
 
 I have often thought that if I could become personally ac- 
 quainted with the many publishers, with whom I have had the 
 honor of quite an extensive business connection, it might possibly 
 do something towards dispelling what seems to be the prevailing 
 idea that the advertising agent has the horns and caudal append, 
 age of the gentleman whose name is so familiar in newspaper 
 ^ offices. 
 
 47 
 
It IS a very difficult matter indeed to form anything like a 
 correct idea of any man from his correspondence or from what 
 other people say of him. The many publishers with whom it has 
 been my privilege to become personally accjuainted are certainly 
 an eminently respectable and very genial lot of men, but if one 
 had to judge them entirely from their letters on advertising rates, 
 or from the reputation given them by the publisher of any other 
 paper in their own town, one might come to a very erroneous 
 conclusion. 
 
 I am told that many hard and bitter things are sometimes said 
 at your convention about the advertising agent ; that he is 
 charged with cutting rates down to the starvation point and 
 grinding the face of the poor publisher ; that he is considered by 
 many publishers as a sort of Cerberus, whose chief business it is 
 to interrupt advertising contracts as they are on their way to the 
 newspaper at full card rates and without any special position. 
 
 Regarding the cutting of rates. — Is it not true that the pub- 
 lisher himself is responsible for whatever reduction is made in 
 his rates and that he permits reductions simply because it suits 
 his purpose to do so ? Of course no agent or advertiser can 
 secure the insertion of any advertisement in any newspaper against 
 the will of the publisher. 
 
 Each individual paper is surrounded by circumstances peculiar 
 to itself, and certainly the only person who is in a position to 
 govern the advertising rates of that paper intelligently is its owner. 
 
 It seems that newspaper publishers as a rule, cannot and will 
 not abide by any cast iron scale of rates. Is it because pub- 
 lishers are less reliable, or have less of the business man about 
 them than their neighbors in the dry goods or any other line ? 
 Not at all. It seems to me the whole reason lies in the fact 
 that the commodity which he has for sale is blank space, which 
 has cost him a certain price and must be filled with something 
 that will bring a return, else he makes a loss. Unlike any other 
 commodity, that which remains unsold immediately passes out of 
 existence. 
 
 If it were possible for all newspapers to maintain a uniform 
 price per thousand of circulation, and circulations could be de- 
 finitely ascertained, then the agent's business would be a sinecure. 
 
 Where the conditions are favorable to the maintaining of a uni- 
 form rate, I believe it is by far the best thing to do, in the long 
 
 48 
 
run. It may take some little time to establish the reputation on 
 standing hard and fast, but when your position is once under- 
 stood there will be very little trouble with either advertiser or 
 agent. It is necessary, however, to do either one thing or the 
 other. If the rate is not absolutely hard and fast, then it simply 
 becomes a matter of how much you can get and how little you 
 will take. 
 
 Why do advertising agents offer low prices? Is it because 
 they want to get space for less than it is worth, or because they 
 make a greater profit if they get low figures? No, not at all, it is 
 because they do not know just what the publisher will do if an 
 offer is made him by the advertiser direct. I can never forget 
 the lesson I had upon this point two years ago, when I (juoted a 
 fair cash to a cigar manufacturer for six inches in a list of about 
 150 papers for a year. He thought the figures too high, so took 
 my list and sent out an offer to each paper of a box of domestic 
 cigars for the six-inch space, on a good local page. Sixty-five 
 papers accepted the offer, and so it is, there are about two 
 hundred papers in Canada that will accept almost anything — 
 from cigars to mining stocks — for advertising space if it comes 
 direct from the advertiser, yet when an offer comes from an agent 
 at, say, half their rate payable in cash, they feel that they have 
 been insulted. I am bound to confess, but would like to do it 
 in a whisper, that the advertiser who has the time and inclination 
 to visit the newspaper offices throughout the country, can make 
 cheaper contracts, secure many more favors in the way of free 
 readers, and the privilege of running reading matter at the same 
 rate as display, etc., than any agent can do for him. 
 
 How does the agent earn his commission ? He keeps up an 
 office and a staff for the purpose of soliciting, placing and looking 
 after advertising in a systematic way ; he employs artists to design 
 attractive advertisements, to put up the copy in such shape as to 
 make it bring the best results, and by so doing leads an adver- 
 tiser into the expenditure of thousands where he would spend 
 hundreds, or perhaps nothing at all if left alone. He thus assists 
 in a very material way in creating advertising for the newspapers 
 and spreading the conviction that " newspaper advertising pays 
 when properly handled." Not only this, he undertakes to pay 
 promptly for every dollar's worth of business he sends out, 
 whether he ever gets paid or not. 
 
 49 
 
Probably the greatest barrier to freer business relations be- 
 tween the publisher and the newspaper is the suspicion that the 
 agent gets the highest price he can from the advertiser and pays 
 the newspaper just as little as possible, raking in the difference 
 for himself. 
 
 No doubt there is a difference in the methods of agencies as 
 there is in the practice of publishers, but for one I can speak with 
 authority, and I would like to give every publisher the most posi- 
 tive assurance that there are no secrets between him and the 
 advertiser and our agency ; that my agency has never profited 
 one single dollar by any disallowance for omissions or incorrect 
 insertions ; that every dollar we receive from the advertiser goes 
 to the newspaper, less the commission ; that the commission is 
 never more than 25 per cent., and quite frequently as low as 10 
 per cent. And I not only offer this verbal assurance, but I ask 
 every publisher to employ what means he may deem expedient to 
 get at the facts, and give him full permission to denounce 
 publicly anything that he may find irregular. Of course, I should 
 want him to be sure that his information was correct, and will 
 afford him every facility for verifying it. If this point were once 
 thoroughly understood, I think it would do much to create a 
 friendlier feeling towards the agent in the mind of the publisher. 
 
 Apologising for inflicting you with this lengthy letter, 
 
 I remain, your very obedient servant, 
 
 A. McKiM. 
 
 Report of the Committee on Libel. 
 
 The Committee on Libel beg to report that the thanks of the 
 Press Association are due to the Ontario Government and the 
 members of the Legislature, and be forwarded to the Premier, 
 acknowledging the fair consideration given to the provincial law 
 affecting libel. 
 
 That the Ontario law is in the opinion of the association equit- 
 able in the main to both the press and the people, giving no pro- 
 tection on the one hand to malicious or reckless journalism, nor 
 on the other hand facilities to attempt blackmail upon fair pub- 
 lishers. 
 
 The committee think there are some minor points which might 
 be further considered with advantage to press and public, and 
 suggest that a memorandum be drawn up by the committee to be 
 
 50 
 
sent to Hon. Mr. Hardy for his consideration, the committee to 
 report again at next annual inttting. 
 
 The committee would recommend to publishers throughout the 
 country to send to Mr. King copies of their paper referring to 
 any suits for libel, so as to enable him to keep track of such 
 matters. Also that whenever possible, publishers preserve accu- 
 rate reports of suits, and the secretary specially notify members 
 of the association of the desirability of the foregoing. 
 
 P. 1). Ross, 
 John Kin(;, 
 S. Stephenson. 
 
 A motion by Mr. Macdonald to the effect that the association 
 approve of an excursion on the lines of the one held last year was 
 carried. 
 
 'J'he report of the Committee on Resolutions was now pre- 
 sented by Mr. Pirie. The motion for its adoption carried. 
 
 Resolution to Mr. Wills. 
 
 Resolved : That we hereby tender to Mr. Wills, secretary of 
 the Board of Trade, our sincere thanks for his kindness in arrang- 
 ing for the annual dinner of our association. His courtesy in 
 dealing with this matter has been much appreciated by the 
 association, which will not soon forget his kindness. And that a 
 copy of this resolution be forwarded to Mr. Wills. 
 
 The Cable Service. 
 
 Moved by A. H. U. Colquhoun, seconded by P. D. Ross, 
 That this association, having last year unanimously approved an 
 independent Canadian cable service, if one is practicable, the fol- 
 lowing are appointed a committee to consider the question and 
 report to the association : J. S. Willison, Hugh Graham, W. H. 
 Bunting, Andrew Pattullo, J. B. MacLean, and the mover and 
 seconder. Carried. 
 
 Mr. Thompson, of Thorold, spoke briefly complaining that 
 members from a distance had their time at the convention taken 
 up discussing a subject which, while deserving careful considera- 
 tion, was of more importance to the metropolitan press than to 
 rural publications. He thought there should be two sections of 
 
 51 
 
the association, as he did not think it possible that the country 
 pubHshers would have that sympathy with the large city publishers 
 which would make it feasible to carry through a convention of 
 three sessions and have every paper of equal interest to every 
 member. Mr. Thompson put this in form of a motion, which 
 was duly seconded by Mr. Jeffery. 
 
 The Executive Committee was now elected, consisting of 
 Messrs. J. S. Willison, W. Ireland, J. T. Clark, D. McGillicuddy, 
 A. G. F. Macdonald. 
 
 The auditors report was presented and adopted. 
 
 The president-elect, J. B. MacLean, was now asked to take 
 the chair and address the meeting. He appreciated very highly 
 the honor conferred upon him, and assured the members that he 
 would do all in his power to further the interests of the associa- 
 tion. He said that next year an attempt would be made to have, 
 as a special feature of the gathering, addresses delivered by 
 literary men, including Sir James Lemoine, Dr. Drummond, 
 Gilbert Parker, Frank Munsey, J. Kendrick Bangs and others. 
 
 Mr. Ireland proposed an excursion from Parry Sound to 
 Ottawa, and stated that free transportation could be secured on 
 that route, and also by steamer from Collingwood to Parry Sound. 
 
 Mr. Thompson suggested that the country publishers remain 
 after the meeting and discuss the advisibility of forming a separ- 
 ate section of the association. 
 
 Moved by Mr. Robinson, seconded by Mr. Macdonald, that 
 the thanks of the association be tendered to Mr. Brierley. Carried. 
 
 Moved by Mr. Jeffery, seconded by Mr. Thompson, that the 
 meeting adjourn until 2.30 p.m. Carried. 
 
 As very few members returned, the afternoon session was not 
 
 held. 
 
 Weekly Publishers Organize. 
 
 At the conclusion of the morning session the country pub- 
 lishers held a meeting to discuss the advisability of organizing a 
 branch of the association, the membership to be confined 
 exclusively to publishers of country weeklies. Addresses were 
 made by several publishers, all concurring in the belief that such 
 a section could be made of much greater practical benefit to 
 themslves than the meetings have been in the past, in which the 
 daily press has received considerable consideration, the interests 
 of the two sections being not identical in many respects. The 
 
 52 • 
 
outcome of the discussion was the unanimous adoption of this 
 resolution : 
 
 Moved by John H. Thompson, of The Thorold Post, seconded 
 by H. W. Laird, of the Cobourg Sentinel-Star, and resolved : 
 " That A. J. Jeffery, of The Arnprior Chronicle, M. A. James, of 
 the Bowmanville Statesman, P. A. Bellamy, of the Ingersoll Sun, 
 the mover and seconder, be a committee to issue a circular to 
 the country publishers of Ontario, laying before them the ideas 
 suggested at this meeting, and urging a general attendance at 
 the next annual meeting of the Canadian Press Association, to 
 hold a further conference for fuller consideration of this matter, 
 and, if found advisable, to take action for the organization of a 
 special branch for publishers of country newspapers ; or the 
 committee may take such other action in the meantime as they 
 may choose for accomplishing the same object." Mr. A. J. 
 Jeffery, Arnprior, to be chairman, and M. A. James, Bowman- 
 ville, to be secretary of this committee. 
 
 Mr. J. B. MacLean, the newly-elected President, being present, 
 expressed his hearty occurrence and sympathy with this action of 
 the country publishers. 
 
 THE BANQUET AT THE NATIONAL CLUB. 
 
 On Thursday evening the social feature of the meeting was 
 carried out in the form of a banquet held at the National Club. 
 There were several invited guests, including Sir Mackenzie 
 Bowell, Hon. Wm. Mulock, Hon. J. I. Tarte, Lieut.-Col. George 
 T. Denison, Principal G. R. Parkin, Dr. G. S. Ryerson, M.P.P., 
 E. A. Wills, F. Arnoldi. Among the members and friends of the 
 association present were : President J. S. Brierley, J. S. Willison, 
 W. F. Maclean, M.P., E. E. Sheppard, J. B. MacLean, Sydney 
 P. Palmer ; D. McGillicuddy, Signal, Goderich ; A. E. Bradwin, 
 Standard, Blyth ; J. H. L. Patterson, Toronto ; M. N. Merry, 
 Toronto ; James Dale, Toronto ; R. G. Shenstone, Toronto ; 
 A. H. Lance, Tmies, Richmond, Que. ; S. McCutcheon, Toronto, 
 G.T.R. ; W. S. Dingman, Herald, Stratford ; Rev. Dr. Dewart, 
 Toronto ; David B. Bogle, Rossland, B.C. ; John J. Palmer, 
 Toronto ; James A. Ellis, Toronto ; H. P. Moore, Free Press, 
 Acton ; L. G. Jackson, Era, Newmarket ; M. Macbeth, Sun, 
 
 • ' 53 
 
Milverton ; W. McGuire, Liberal, Tilsonburg ; John M. Letsche, 
 Leader and Recorder, Toronto Junction ; A. R. Fawcett, Leader 
 and Recorder, Toronto Junction ; B. McGuire, Banner, Orange- 
 ville ; A. S. Forster, Star, Oakville ; John A. Cooper, Canadian 
 Magazine, Toronto ; W. Ireland, North Star, Parry Sound ; J. 
 A. Lambert, Mount Forest ; H. M. Hunt, Toronto ; Robert G. 
 MacLean, Toronto ; W. E. Smallfield, Mercury, Renfrew ; George 
 Brigden, Toronto Engraving Co. ; N. W. Ford, Banner, Chat- 
 ham ; J. E. Cassaday, Toronto ; Jas. Logie, Toronto ; T. A. 
 Weldon, E. B. Eddy Co., Hull; F. W. Thompson, Central 
 Press, Toronto ; E. S. Sutcliffe, jr. ; M. Henry Richey, Canadian 
 Advertising Agency. Ltd. ; H. E. Stephenson, Canadian Adver- 
 tising Agency, Ltd. ; Geo. A. Howell, Grip Printing and Pub- 
 lishing Co. ; T. H. Best, Canadian Magazine ; A. J. Jeffery, 
 Chronicle, Arnprior ; W. H. Bunting, Mail and Empire; John 
 A. Phillips, Gazette, Montreal ; R. Holmes, New Era, Clinton ; 
 T. Jackson, jr., Clinton ; A. F. Pirie, Dundas ; J. T. Johnston, 
 Toronto ; C. W. Taylor, Globe, Toronto ; James Innis, Mercury, 
 Guelph ; George Wilson, Guide, Port Hope ; Charles Matthews, 
 World, Toronto ; C. A. Wilson, North Ender, Toronto ; S. 
 Frank Wilson, Truth, Toronto ; Geo. H. Wilson, Post, Lindsay ; 
 H. W. Laird, Cobourg ; C W. Rutledge, Markdale ; John King, 
 Q.C., Toronto ; D. Creighton ; J. D. Reid, Arrow, Burk's Falls ; 
 T. F. McMahon, Liberal, Richmond Hill • A. B. Rice, Tribune, 
 Toronto Junction ; Geo. E. Scroggie, News, Toronto ; F. Diver, 
 Central Press Agency, Toronto ; H. E. Smallpiece, World, 
 Toronto ; Thos. Galbraith, World, Toronto ; Cameron Brown, 
 Sun, Belleville ; C Blackett Robinson, Canada Presbyterian, 
 Toronto ; Wm. Houston, Toronto ; Joseph J. Cave, Express, 
 Beaverton ; George Tye, Times, Brampton ; John Motz, Journal, 
 Berlin ; D. T. McAinsh, Westminster, Toronto ; W. Copp, Can- 
 adian Almanac, Toronto ; John H. Thompson, Post, Thorold ; 
 W. L. Edmonds, Toronto ; A. H. U. Colquhoun ; P. D. Ross, 
 Journal, Ottawa ; Rev. J. A. Macdonald, Westminster, Toronto ; 
 J. T. Clark, Hugh C. MacLean, W. K. McNaught, F. H. Mac- 
 pherson, R. F. Sutherland, A. W. Campbell, F. J. Campbell, 
 K. W. McKay, H. B. Donly, J. Castell Hopkins; Arthur 
 Lamabie, La Presse, Montreal ; Frank Carrol, Daily Telegraph, 
 Quebec; W. C. Nichol, News, London; Geo. Simpson and J. 
 
 54 
 
Walsh, Globe, Toronto ; W. H. Dickson, Mail and Empire, 
 Toronto. 
 
 Hon. Mr. Tarte was unavoidably detained owing to the pur- 
 chase of La Patrie in Montreal, and wired his regrets. Sir M. 
 Bowell was unwell, and wrote the secretary to that effect. 
 
 President Brierley proposed the toast to " The Queen," with a 
 suitable allusion to the Diamond Jubilee year. He also pro- 
 posed the toast to " The Empire," dwelling upon Canada's 
 position in the family of British nations in eloquent terms. The 
 president's address warmed up the gathering, and Dr. Parkin 
 was cordially received on rising to reply. He said that the 
 mission of the press is twofold. Perhaps its highest mission con- 
 sists in reflecting public opinion. The Times has frequently 
 said that its greatest usefulness has been derived from this part 
 of its work ; but, at the same time, it may well be questioned 
 whether the work of the press as a guide to public opinion has 
 not been really of greater importance. Perhaps, said Dr. Parkin, 
 nothing in the history of this most extraordinary reign, the 
 sixtieth year of which we are now celebrating, ^ s been more 
 remarkable than the development of the newspaper in that 
 period. To day the thought which keeps cropping up on such 
 occasions is this thought of Empire, and nothing has done so 
 much to make this the fact as the influence of the press. Mr. 
 W. T. Stead had once said to the speaker that if only Lord 
 Salisbury could place his mind en rapport with that of the 
 Premiers of the colonies, so that he might know what they were 
 thinking, nothing more would be necessary; the parliament of 
 the world would be established. This scheme was not yet 
 brought from the astral plane, but the telegraph and the press 
 had accomplished almost as much. He concluded by advocat- 
 ing an independent cable news service and by pointing out the 
 eagerness to read news of the colonies in the Mother Country. 
 
 Col. Denison, who also spoke for " The Empire," said that 
 Canada would never have annexation, and that there were just 
 two futures for her — independence outside of the Empire, or 
 independence inside the Empire. The future of Canada, he 
 said, must be independence within the Empire. Under a con- 
 solidated Empire, where all parties were on an equal footing, 
 Canada would have absolute independence. He dealt with the 
 off"er of Mr. Joseph Chamberlain to the colonies, suggesting that 
 
 ss . 
 
they should consider plans for preferential trade, and make pro- 
 positions to the Mother Country. This was a proposal which, if 
 Canadians were wise, they would climb over one another to 
 accept. Then there was the question of fast stea-^ships. Eng- 
 land was willing to give us $375,000 a year if Canada would con- 
 tribute $750,000 a year for a fleet of four of the finest modern 
 steamers afloat, to carry passengers and freight between a Can- 
 adian and a British port. This would at once increase our fleet, 
 and be a moderate contribution by Canada toward the navy 
 which protected our commerce all over the world. The colonel 
 concluded with a witty story and a few friendly words to news- 
 paper men. He complimented the press on their patriotic stand 
 at the time of the Venezulan incident. Without exception, they 
 had all stood firm, and the country owed them gratitude for so 
 good an expression of national opinion at a time when Parliament 
 was not sitting, and there was no other way of voicing national 
 views except through the press. Some of you, he said, have 
 occasionally criticised me for my views on Imperial and other 
 subjects. Well, gentlemen, you may rest assured that I shall 
 not feel badly if you attack me, yet when national danger arises 
 you show a loyal patriotic spirit. No matter what you may think 
 of me, I shall always have a warm corner in my heart for the 
 man who stands up for his country, as you did, in the hour of 
 trial. (Cheers.) 
 
 Mr. J. B. MacLean, in proposing the toast to " The Dominion," 
 expressed pleasure at seeing representatives of the French Can- 
 adian press present. The judgment of the people of Ontario 
 was unhappily too often one formed by looking through the pre- 
 judiced spectacles of Protestant preachers. Three years' resi- 
 dence in Montreal had convinced him that the people of Ontario 
 cannot too soon form a better acquaintance with the people of 
 Quebec. He did not think it a very good policy to try to make 
 poor Protestants out of good Catholics. He had learned to 
 honor the people of Quebec, and felt called upon to say so in 
 proposing this toast to the Dominion, of which they form an im- 
 portant part. 
 
 Hon. Mr. Mulock, in a brief reply, said there was no part of 
 the population of Canada upon whom a greater responsibility 
 devolved than upon the press men. Their writing should not 
 
 • , . 56 - . 
 
merely reflect public opinion, but should guide it so as to arouse 
 the aspirations of the people. Mr. David Creighton and Mr. 
 Innes also replied to this toast. Mr. Innes referred to the growth 
 of Canada in his time. Forty years ago he had entered the ser- 
 vice of the Globe in the old building, the site of which was not a 
 stone's throw distant. The country, he felt bound to say, had 
 made great strides since then, and the press had done its full 
 share in bringing about that result. 
 
 The toast to " The Legislators " was proposed by the editor of 
 the Printer and Publisher. In replying, Mr. W. F. Maclean, M.P., 
 regretted the absence of Hon. Mr. Tarte, as he wished to assure 
 him of the sympathy of the newspaper men of Ontario for him 
 and his friends who are struggling in Quebec for the liberty of 
 the press. Though Mr. Tarte and he were not to be found upon 
 the same side of national politics, they had the same views as to 
 the mission and privileges of the press. Dr. Ryerson made a 
 happy reply, and then 
 
 Mr. George PattuUo, in the absence of Mr. Andrew Pattullo, 
 M.P.P., in a capital speech, introduced the toast of " The Press." 
 He said thr«t the past and present of the Canadian press hafe been 
 creditable. The press had been well in the van of progress. Not 
 a few of those who had adorned the press had shed lustre upon 
 public life, among t!.em Joseph Howe, Sir Frances Hincks, Hon. 
 George Brown, Senator Penny, Hon. Alexander Mackenzie, and 
 a number of others. Three Premiers of Canada had been work- 
 ing journalists — Sir John Thompson, Sir Mackenzie Bowell and 
 Hon. Wilfred Laurier. Then there were a number of worthy 
 press men who had never descended to politics. A comparison 
 between the best papers of Canada with the best papers of the 
 United States and Great Britain, published under similar circum- 
 stances, would not be unfavorable to the Canadian press. It was 
 absolutely essential to the press itself and to national life that the 
 press should have freedom under constitutional limits. Mr. 
 Pattullo urged upon party journalists the duty of reposing an 
 absolute faith in the future of the country. He believed that 
 the Canadian press, regardless of politics or any other consid- 
 eration, should unite in advocating a scheme for the peopling 
 of this country. The watchword should be " People and 
 Prosperity." 
 
Mr. Lance, President of the Eastern Townships Press Associa- 
 tion, was the first to reply. He said he had been prejudiced 
 against amalgamation with the Canadian Association, but would 
 return convinced that nothing could be of more benefit to the 
 Eastern Association, and he believed every member of that body 
 would favor the amalgamation. (Applause.) 
 
 Although by this time the hour had grown late, the gathering 
 stayed to hear four of the brightest and wittiest speeches of the 
 evening. They were brief, but in a short space a great deal of 
 good-humored satire was indulged in. 
 
 Mr. J. S. Willison was received with applause, the company 
 singing " For he's a jolly good fellow." He said that in last 
 year's report of the press dinner his speech on the occasion was 
 disposed of in these words, " Mr. Willison also spoke." This was 
 after he had taken great pains to prepare a speech. (Laughter.) 
 It was an evident attempt to snuff him out, but he would eventu- 
 ally get even, for he would obtain an audience for that speech if 
 he had to call in the office boy and read it to him. (Laughter.) 
 Yes, if reduced' to this expedient, heVoilld wear out 'six office 
 boys before giving in. (Renewed laughter.) He went on to refer 
 to certain events that made the present year memorable. There 
 was the Queen's Jubilee, and to mark it, Mr. J. Castell Hopkins 
 had written a life of the Queen; indeed, it was said that Her 
 Majesty was seriously considering the advisability of calling this 
 year the Hopkins Jubilee. (Laughter.) Another memoiable event 
 was that Mr. George PattuUo had visited England, and while 
 there had been taken in a group photograph with Mr. Gladstone. 
 It was understood that Mr. Gladstone prized that photograph 
 vastly. (Mr. Pattullo led the laugh at this sally.) After continu- 
 ing in this humorous vein for a few minutes, Mr. Willison con- 
 cluded in a few earnest words to his brethren of the press. He 
 urged that they should stand together. " Let us at least show," 
 he said, " that we are not the one profession in Canada which, 
 as respects its own members, adheres to the principle of dog 
 eat dog. If there is one lesson we ought to take to heart it is 
 to cease from the pursuit of each other, to stand together, and 
 to so respect ourselves that we shall be worthy of the respect 
 of other people." 
 
 Mr. A. F. Pirie, who was suffering from a severe cold, began 
 
 58 
 
in his usual inimitable vein of humor. He was glad to be pre- 
 sent, even though hoarse of voice, because it might be impossible 
 next year if postage was re-imposed. (Laughter.) He would 
 come if he could, of course, but it might be in a flannel shirt. 
 (Laughter.) Turning to serious mattters, he took issue with 
 Col. Denison, and was opposed to asking the British people to 
 impose duties on themselves for our benefit. He condemned in 
 eloquent terms this proposal as being unworthy of Canadians, 
 and, stopping to cough, remarked, " Mr. Chairman, if I can only 
 get my voice, I believe I'll raise the very devil here this evening." 
 (Loud laughter.) He favored Canada working out her own 
 destiny. Great Britain has given us half a continent to develop 
 by our brain and brawn, and Canadians ought not to consider 
 the need of asking any further advantages. 
 
 Mr. E. E. Sheppard was the next speaker. He said that a 
 newspaper audience was not a particularly easy one to address, 
 since it was a very critical one, and every man who was listening 
 was sure he could do better than the man who happened to be 
 bpeaking? (Laughver.) He di<5 not agree with Brother Pine, but 
 favored Imperial Federation. He described how he had been 
 converted. He had been talking one day with Colonel Denison, 
 and had been stating his objections to the scheme, when the 
 Colonel said : " Do you know why you are so opposed to Im- 
 perial Federation ? It's because you are so damned ignorant. 
 (Loud laughter.) Come out and spend an evening with me." 
 So he had gone. The Colonel had some excellent means of 
 persuading people out there (laughter), and besides a gentleman 
 named Parkin happened also to be on hand that evening. He was 
 now convinced that a commercial arrangement between Britain 
 and her colonies was necessary. Britain, by her free-trade system, 
 had rendered it impossible for herself to retort on countries that 
 piled up tariffs against her, and Imperial Federationists only 
 desired to make the Empire an entity. 
 
 Mr. W. C. Nichol, in his reply, also dissented from Imperial 
 Federation, and went on to speak of the independent press as 
 a growing power. Next to that came the independent party 
 press, of which he considered the Toronto Globe to be the 
 model. (Applause.) 
 
 The banquet terminated at a late hour, and was voted a 
 complete success. 
 
Canadian Press Association* 
 
 CONSTITUTION. 
 
 Art. I. — This society shall be known as the Canadian Press 
 Association. 
 
 Art. II. — The membership of this association shall consist of 
 publishers, proprietors, editors — meaning not only editorial pro- 
 prietors, but managing editors, news editors, city editors, editorial 
 contributors (when exclusively engaged as such on the staff of any 
 paper), and duly accredited editorial correspondents at Dominion 
 or Provincial capitals ; reporters of three years' standing habitually 
 and professionally eng-jiged as such ; and business managers of 
 newspapers — professionally and habitually engaged as such, but not 
 holding a financial interest merely or occupying the position of a 
 shareholder or silent partner or of an editorial or news contribu- 
 tor. The term newspaper shall be understood to mean publica- 
 tions which are regularly issued not less frequently than once a 
 month. All newspapers shall have been issued at least one year 
 before the publisher, editor or business manager is eligible to 
 membership in this association. ■ _ . 
 
 Art. III. — The officers shall consist of a president, two vice- 
 presidents, a secretary-treasurer, an assistant secretary, an Execu- 
 tive Committee, consisting of the office-bearers, the retiring presi- 
 dent and five unofficial members, all of whom shall, in the event 
 of more than one nomination for any office, be elected annually 
 by ballot. Five of the Executive Committee to form a quorum. 
 
 Art. IV. — Sec. i. — It shall be the duty of the president to 
 preside at all meetings of the association and Executive Com- 
 mittee, submit all motions ir order, and otherwise discharge the 
 duties of his office, according to usage. In the absence of the 
 president, one of the vice-presidents, in order of seniority, shall 
 preside. 
 
 Sec. 2. — It shall be the duty of the secretary-treasurer (aided 
 by the assistant secretary) to keep the minutes of each meeting, 
 have charge of the books fcnd records and other documents be- 
 longing to the association, conduct all correspondence connected 
 with the affairs of the association, notify members of the time 
 and place of meeting, and have charge of all money and other 
 property of the association, and disburse the same upon 
 
 60 
 
the order of the president. He shall also report to the annual 
 meeting the number of members and the financial position of the 
 association, with such remarks as he considers of advantage to 
 the welfare of the association. 
 
 Sec. 3. — It shall be the duty of the Executive Committee to 
 prepare business for the association, to report to the annual meet- 
 ing upon nomination of candidates that may have been sub- 
 mitted, to investigate all cases of infraction of the constitution 
 and by-laws, and report the result of such examination at the first 
 succeeding annual meeting of the association, and transact such 
 other business as they may deem necessary in the interest of the 
 association. 
 
 Sec. 4. — The actual necessary outlay of members of the Ex- 
 ecutive Committee in attending regularly convened meetings in 
 the interest of the association shall be defrayed out of the general 
 funds, on the order of the president or acting chairman of such 
 meeting. 
 
 Sec. 5. — Meetings of the Executive Committee may be con- 
 vened by the president on his own motion, or the president or 
 secretary shall call a meeting on the requisition of three members 
 of the committee, of which meeting timely notice shall be for- 
 warded to each member of the Executive Committee. 
 
 Art. V. — Ten members shall constitute a quorum of the asso- 
 ciation for the transaction of business. 
 
 Art. VI. — The privilege of voting on all matters affecting the 
 intc^ests of this association, or the business arrangement of news- 
 paper proprietors, shall be confined to the active members of the 
 association. No member shall have more than one vote in such 
 matters. 
 
 Art. VII. — Application for membership shall be made on the 
 blank form prepared and approved by the Executive Committee, 
 the applicant to sign the same, and be recommended by two mem- 
 bers of the association, who shall also sign the application, 
 which, with a copy of the applicant's paper, or that with which he 
 is connected, shall be forwarded to the secretary, who will submit 
 the same to the Executive Committee ; it being understood that 
 such decision may be secured by mail. 
 
 Art. VIII. — The election of members shall be by ballot at 
 the annual meeting, and two-thirds favorable vote shall be neces- 
 sary to admission. 
 
 Art. IX. — The admission fee of the association shall be three 
 dollars, and afterwards an annual fee of two dollars shall be con- 
 tributed by each member in advance. The privileges of member- 
 ship shall not be extended to any member in arrears for fees. 
 
 Art. X. — Any member two years in arrears for dues shall be 
 specially notified thereof by the secretary, and if such arrears are 
 
 61 
 
not cancelled previous to the succeeding annual meeting, the 
 name of such delinquent shall be erased from the books of the as- 
 sociation. 
 
 Art. XI. — Any member not in arrears for dues may at any 
 time sever his connection with the association by notifying the 
 secretary, in writing, of his desire to do so. 
 
 Art. XII. — The Executive Committee shall have power, and 
 it shall be their duty, to withdraw the privileges of the association 
 from any member who may conduct himself in a manner that 
 brings discredit upon the association. 
 
 Art. XIII. — This constitution may be amended by a two- 
 thirds vote of the members at any annual meeting of the associa- 
 tion, provided notice of the proposed amendment has been given 
 in the circular calling such annual meeting. 
 
 BY-LAWS* 
 
 Art. I. — Every member found guilty of violating the rules of 
 the association, or any one of them, may be reprimanded or ex- 
 pelled, as the nature of offence may warrant. 
 
 Art. II. — Sec. i. — The meetings shall be held at such places 
 as may be determined upon by vote of the members at the regu- 
 lar annual session. 
 
 Sec. 2. — It shall be th3 duty of the secretary-treasurer to send 
 to the members circulars, with the programme of proceedings, at 
 least a fortnight before the meeting, together with a statement of 
 the arrearages, if any, of the members to whom such circulars 
 are sent. 
 
 Sec. 3. — The editors of the place at which the annual meeting 
 of the association is to be held shall be a local committee of 
 arrangements. 
 
 Sec. 4. — Any person holding a travelling certificate under the 
 rules of this association, who shall transfer or otherwise abuse his 
 privileges under it, shall have such certificate recalled and his 
 membership cancelled. 
 
 Sec. 5. — All payments shall be made by check, signed by the 
 president and secretary, after being passed upon by the Executive 
 Committee, but the president and secretary-treasurer, between the 
 meetings of the committee, may make payments of a pressing 
 character. The secretary-treasurer shall be paid a salary of $100 
 per annum and shall file bonds to the satisfaction of the Execu- 
 tive Committee, of not less than $1,000, for the safe custody of 
 the moneys of the association which may be in his possession. 
 
 62 
 
MEMBERSHIP ROLL 
 
 OK THK 
 
 Canadian Press Association, 1897. 
 
 (The number uppoxite each name is that of the member'it Railway 
 
 Privileje Certificate J 
 
 30 Abraham, C. A Sentinel-Review Woodstock. 
 
 1 10 Allen, W. H. Herald Carleton Place. 
 
 153 Armstrong, Richard . .Barrister Toronto. 
 
 . . Atkinson, J. E Herald Montreal. 
 
 1 14 Bellamy, T. A Sun Ingersoll. 
 
 91 Bengough, J. W Globe Toronto. 
 
 . . Bennett, Geo. J Telegram Toronto. 
 
 . . Biggins, E Algoma Pioneer Sault Ste. Marie. 
 
 43 Blackstone, H. T Times Orillia. 
 
 1 28 Boyle, P Catholic Register Toronto. 
 
 143 Bradwin, A. E Standard Blyth. 
 
 1 1 Brierley, Jas. S Herald Montreal. 
 
 2 Briggs, Rev. W., D.D.Christian Guardian. .. .Toronto. 
 
 102 Brown, F. N. W Can. Church Magazine. Toronto. 
 
 134 Brown, Cameron . . . .Sun Belleville. 
 
 . . Bryant, J. E Live Stock Journal . . . .Toronto. 
 
 21 Buchanan, VV. W Royal Templar Hamilton. 
 
 37 Burk, D. F Herald Port Arthur. 
 
 155 Burrows, Acton Western World Winnipeg. 
 
 . . Cameron, John Advertiser London. 
 
 74 Campbell, E. C Advocate Cayuga. 
 
 7 1 Campbell, W. B Bulletin Toronto. 
 
 95 Campbell, A. C Journal Sudbury. 
 
 3 Carman, T. S Ontario (Daily) Belleville. 
 
 154 Carrel, Frank Telegraph Quebec. 
 
 5 1 Cassidey, J.J Canadian Manufacturer.Toronto. 
 
 141 Cave, J. I Express Beaverton. 
 
 86 Champion, Thos. E. . .Journalist Toronto. 
 
 . . Clark, J. T Saturday Night Toronto. 
 
 63 
 
78 Clarke, A Courier Morrisliurx. 
 
 65 Cliff, W. \V Central Canadian Carleton Place. 
 
 136 Climie, W lianner Listowei. 
 
 . . Coffey, Thos Catholir Record London. 
 
 39 Colcock, N. B Times Mrockville. 
 
 156 Colquhoun, A. H. U .. MacLean's TradeJ'in'ls Toronto. 
 
 . . Cook, Fred Toronto World Ottawa. 
 
 29 Cooper, John A Canadian Ma^'azine . . .Toronto. 
 
 116 Courtice, A. C (iiiardian Toronto. 
 
 50 Cromarty, K. K Canadian Law Journal. Toronto. 
 
 161 Cumminjis, Mrs, Kmily.Cilobe Toronto. 
 
 40 Dale, lames .(lua.-dian Toronto. 
 
 47 Davidson, J. A Mercury (luelph. 
 
 60 Davis, W. R Advocate Mitchell. 
 
 77 DenhohT), Andrew .... News Blenheim. 
 
 90 Dickinson, James ... Despatch North Bay. 
 
 10 Dingman, \V. .S Herald .Stratford. 
 
 122 Dobbin, F. H Review Feterboro'. 
 
 140 Donly, Hal B Reformer Simcoe. 
 
 149 Douglas, J. S News Toronto. 
 
 I 5 1 Douglas, \Vm News Toronto. 
 
 98 Douglas, VV. J Mail and Empire Toronto. 
 
 68 Dyas, W. J Canadian Druggist .... Toronto. 
 
 157 Eedy, John W Journal St. Mary's. 
 
 1 1 3 Elliott, R Chronicle Ingersoll. 
 
 132 Falls, F. \V Massey's Toronto. 
 
 137 Fawcett, A. R Leader Toronto Junction. 
 
 162 Fisher, James News Leamington. 
 
 84 Ford, N. W Banner Chatham. 
 
 138 Forster, A. S Star ( )akville. 
 
 108 Gardiner, H. F Times Hamilton. 
 
 52 Gardner, John C Manufacturer Toronto. 
 
 . . Gibbens, VV Standard Cornwall. 
 
 57 (iummer, H Herald Guelph. 
 
 66 Hall, Theo Leader Tara. 
 
 53 Harcourt, Geo Farming Toronto. 
 
 36 Hawke, J. T Transcript Moncton, N. B. 
 
 147 Hocken, H. C News Toronto. 
 
 1 2 Holmes, R New Era Clinton. 
 
 54 Holterman, R. F Bee Journal Brantford. 
 
 106 Howard, John A Star Hastings. 
 
 107 Howard, John C Star Hastings. 
 
 , . Howes, E. J Templar Hamilton. 
 
 46 Innis, James Mercury (Juelph. 
 
 14 Ireland, W North Star Parry Sound. 
 
 33 Jackson, E Era Newmarket. 
 
 32 Jackson, L. G Era Newmarket. 
 
 125 James, M. A Statesman Bowmanville. 
 
 . . Jamieson, J. C Intelligencer Belleville. 
 
 1 24 Jones, D. A World Beeton. 
 
 64 
 
1 19 Keenleyside, J. B Expositor Brantford. 
 
 69 Keller, \V. H Journal UxbridKC. 
 
 Kerr, W. H Post Brussels. 
 
 130 Laidlaw, A Reformer (ialt. 
 
 144 Laird, H. W Sentinel -Star Cobourg. 
 
 34 Lambert, J. A Representative Mt. Forest. 
 
 42 Lane, Byron Bress Winchester. 
 
 1 52 Lapp, C. A Ensign Brighton. 
 
 103 Liddell, John Times North Bay. 
 
 24 London, J. \V Intelligencer Belleville. 
 
 16 Macdonald, A. G. F . . News Alexandria. 
 
 81 Macdonald, J. A Westminster Toronto. 
 
 127 Maclean, W. F., \L B. World Toronto. 
 
 33 Macpherson, F. H . . . . Review Windsor. 
 
 1 15 Maguire, W. J Mercury Quebec. 
 
 61 Marsh, G. F Farmers' Advocate .... London. 
 
 41 Miller, Robert C Observer' Pembroke. 
 
 .. Mitchell, John Post Hanover. 
 
 loi Morgan, L. G Maple Leaf Port Dover. 
 
 27 Mortimer, C. H Can. Electrical News. .Toronto. 
 
 28 Mortimer, J. B Can. Arch, and BuilderToronto. 
 
 1 5 Mortimer, R. I Free Press Shelburne. 
 
 4 Moore, H. P Free Press .Acton. 
 
 70 Motz, John Journal fierlin. 
 
 82 Mungovan, D.J Post Orangeville. 
 
 146 MacLean, J. B MacLean's Trade J'rnls. Montreal 
 
 38 McAinsh, I). T Westminster Toronto. 
 
 93 McBeth, Malcolm .... Sun Milverton. 
 
 6 McEwen, W. P Gazette Almonte. 
 
 1 3 McGillicuddy, D Signal Goderich. 
 
 80 McCiuire, B Banner Orangeville. 
 
 92 McGuire, W. M Liberal Tilsonburg. 
 
 142 McKay, John F Herald Montreal. 
 
 26 McKay, K. W Municipal World St. Thomas. 
 
 5 McLeod, James Gazette Almonte. 
 
 48 McMahon, T. F Liberal Richmond Hill. 
 
 105 McMillan, D. E Glengarry News Alexandria. 
 
 35 McNaught, V\^ K Trader Toronto. 
 
 87 Nesbitt, W. Beattie ..Can. Photo. Journal. . .Toronto. 
 
 120 Nichol, W. C News London. 
 
 . . O'Beirne, W. M Beacon Stratford. 
 
 3 1 O'Brien, A. H Law Journal Toronto. 
 
 55 Panton, Wm Champion Milton. 
 
 25 PattuUo, Andrew Sentinel-Review Woodstock. 
 
 76 Pense, E. J. B Whig Kingston. 
 
 1 7 Phelps, Norman Times North Bay. 
 
 94 Phillips, John A Cor. Montreal Gazette . Ottawa. 
 
 22 Pirie, A. F Banner Dundas. 
 
 23 Pirie, Chas. N Banner Dundas. 
 
 . . Pollard, John Express Napanee. 
 
 9 Preston, T. H Expositor Brantford. 
 
 6s 
 
73 Reid, J. D Arrow Burk's Falls. 
 
 121 Rittinger, J. A Ontario Glocke Walkerton. 
 
 131 Roberts, G. R Canada Baptist Toronto. 
 
 I Robertson, J. Ross Telegram Toronto. 
 
 72 Robinson, C. Blackett . Canada Presbyterian . . Toronto. 
 
 . . Robinson, John R Telegram Toronto. 
 
 49 Rose, Daniel Craftsman Toronto. 
 
 62 Ross, P. D Evening Journal Ottawa. 
 
 64 Russell, S Tribune Deseronto. 
 
 100 Rutledge, C. W Standard Markdale. 
 
 63 Scott, Mary Woman's Journal Ottawa. 
 
 150 Scroggie, G. E News Toronto. 
 
 1 1 1 Shannon, L. W Citizen Ottawa. 
 
 1 1 2 Shannon, Robert Citizen Ottawa. 
 
 . . Sidey, J. J Tribune Welland. 
 
 8 Smallfield, A Mercury Renfrew. 
 
 7 Smallfield, W. E Mercury Renfrew. 
 
 126 Smallpeice, H. E World Toronto. 
 
 . . Smith, R. Wilson Insurance Chronicle. . . Montreal. 
 
 . . Smith, William Chronicle Quebec. 
 
 85 Smith, W. L Economist Shelburne. 
 
 45 Somers, G. T World Beeton. 
 
 1 29 Spence, F. S Campfire Toronto. 
 
 8 1 Standing, G. M Sun Aylmer. 
 
 123 Stephens, J. B Review Niagara Falls. 
 
 139 Stephenson, S Planet Chatham. 
 
 79 Swift, Thomas Journalist Ottawa. 
 
 56 Templeton, Wm Beaver Napanee. 
 
 1 35 Thompson, J. H Post Thorold. 
 
 . . Trayes, W. F Times Port Hope. 
 
 88 Trout, E Monetary Times Toronto. 
 
 1 18 Vosper, J. T Herald Campbellford. 
 
 58 Walker, Jas. M Courier Perth. 
 
 89 Wallace, Wm DufTerin Advertiser. . . .Orangeville. 
 
 75 Warren, R. D Herald Georgetown. 
 
 18 Weld, John Farmers' Advocate .... London. 
 
 1 48 Wilkinson, W. J News Toronto. 
 
 .. Williams, M. W^ World Cobourg. 
 
 145 Willison, J. S Globe Toronto. 
 
 . . Wilson, C. A North Ender Toronto. 
 
 20 Wilson, F. W Guide Port Hope. 
 
 19 Wilson, George Guide Port Hope. 
 
 99 Wilson, Geo. H Post Lindsay. 
 
 104 Wilson, Isaac Glengarrian Alexandria. 
 
 67 Wilson, S. Frank Truth Toronto. 
 
 117 Withrow, Rev. W. H. .Methodist Magazine. . .Toronto. 
 
 59 Wrigley, George Farmers' Sun Toronto. 
 
 44 Young, C. W Freeholder Cornwall. 
 
 97 Young, George Courier Trenton. 
 
 109 Young, J. A Record Thamesford. 
 
 66 
 
HONORARY MEMBERS. 
 
 Allen, Chas. W.» Toronto. 
 Barr, CD., Lindsay. 
 Blue, A., Toronto. 
 Bowell, Sir Mackenzie. 
 Boyle, Robert, Picton. 
 Buckingham, Wm., Stratford. 
 Cameron, Lud. K., Toronto. 
 Clark, Rev. W. F., Guclph. 
 Clark, Dr. D., Toronto. 
 Crabbe, J. J., Toronto. 
 Creighton, David, Toronto. 
 Dewart, E. H., D.D., Toronto- 
 Gwatkin, R. L., Toronto. 
 Higgins, W. H., Whitby. 
 Milliard, Thos., Waterloo. 
 Hough, H., Toronto. 
 Houston, William, Toronto. 
 Johnston, J. T., Toronto. 
 King, John, Q.C., Toronto.. 
 
 Matheson, A., Belleville. 
 Matheson, A. J., Perth. 
 Matheson, R., Belleville. 
 Meek, William, Kingston. 
 Nichols, Frederick, Toronto. 
 Patterson, R. L., Toronto. 
 Pattullo, G. R., Woodstock. 
 Rose, David, Toronto. 
 Rose, George M., Toronto. 
 Scott, W. C, Napanee. 
 Shannon, J., P.M., Kingston. 
 Smith, John, Guelph. 
 Smith, Prof. Goldwin, Toronto. 
 Somerville, J., M.P., Dundas. 
 Somerville, Roy V., New York. 
 W^att, W., jun., Brantford. 
 Way, B., Hamilton. 
 Woolsey, Roland, Toronto. 
 Young, Hon. James, Gait. 
 
 67 
 
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