IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 11.25 l£|M 12.5 ■^ 1^ |2.2 mi 1.8 U IIIIII.6 Pi 7 ^^'^ > ^:) j> A '/ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 7. % CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICIVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notas/Notas tachniquas at bibliographiquas Tha Instituta has attamptad to obtain tha bast original copy availabia for filming. Faaturas of this copy which may ba bibliographioally uniqua, which may altar any of tha imagaa in tha raproduction. or which may significantly changa tha uaual mathod of filming, ara chackad balow. D Colourad covars/ Couvartura da coulaur I I Covars damagad/ Couvartura andommagia □ Covars rastorad and/or laminatad/ Couvartura rastaurAa at/ou pallicu!da □ Covar titia missing/ La titra da couvartura manqua □ Colourad maps/ Cartes gAographiquas »n coulaur □ Colourad ink (i.a. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) □ Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur □ Bound with other material/ Rali* avec d'autrea documents a n n Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La re liura serr^e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distorslon l« long do la marge int^rlaure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within tha text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certainas pagea blanches ajouttea lore dune reatauration apparaissent dans la texte. mais, lorsque cela «tait possible, ces pages n'ont pas iti filmAaa. Additional comments:/ Commentaires supplAmentairas: L'Institut a microfilm* la meilleur examplaira qu'il lui a «t« possible de se procurer. Las details da cat exemplaire qui sont peut-Atre uniques du point de vue bibliographiqua, qui peuvont modifier une image reproduite. ou qui pauvant axiger una modification dans la m«thoda normala de fllmage sont indiquis ci-dessous. D D D D D D D D Coloured pages/ Pagea da couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommagies Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaur«es et/ou pellicuiies Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages dicoiories, tachatAes ou piqudes Pages detached/ Pages d^tachies Showthrough/ Transparence Quality of print varies/ Quality inigale de I'impression Includes supplementary material/ Comprand du material suppiimantaira Only edition available/ Seule Mition disponible Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Lea pages totaiement ou partiallement obscurcies par un feuiiiet d'errata. une pelure, etc., ont iti filmdes A nouveau de fapon it obtenir la meilleure image possible. x' 1 I 1 ¥ d e b ri ri n This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est film« a».^ ^iux de reduction indiqu* ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X SOX . y i 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X Th« copy filmad h«r« has bMn rvproducad thanka to tha ganaroaity of: D. B. Weldon Library University of Western Ontario (Regional History Room) Tha imagaa appaaring hara ara tha baat quality posaibia conaidaring tha condition and lagibility of tha original copy and in icaaping with tfta filming contract spacificationa. Original copiaa in printad papar eovars ara flimad baginning witti ttia front sovar and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or illustratad impraa- sion, or tha back covar whan appropriata. All othar original copiaa ara filmad baginning on tha first paga with a printad or illuatratad impraa- aion. and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or Illustratad Impraaaton. Tha laat racordad frama on aach mieroflcho shall contain tha symbol — ^> (moaning "CON- TINUED"), or tha symbol ▼ (moaning "END"), whichavar appliaa. Maps, plataa, charts, ate. may ba filmad at diffarant raduction ratioa. Thoaa too larga to ba antiraly inciudad in ona axpoaura ara filmad baginning in tha uppar laft hand comar, laft to right and top to bottom, aa many framaa aa raquirad. Tha following diagrama illuatrata tha mathod: L'axamplaira film* fut raproduit griea i la gAnAroaiti da: D. B. Weldon Library University of Western Ontario (Regional History Room) Laa imagaa suh/antas ont At* raproduitas avac la plua grand soin. compta tanu da la condition at da la nattat* da l'axamplaira film*, at m conformity avac las conditions du contrst da fiimaga. Laa axamplairaa originaux dont la couvartura an papiar aat imprimAa sont fiimAs tt comman9ant par la pramiar plat at an tarminant soit par la darniAra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'impraasion ou d'illustration, soit par la sacond plat, salon la eaa. Tous laa autras axamplairas originaux sont filmte 1% comman9ant par la pramlAra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'impraasion ou d'illustration at an tarminant par ia darniAra pag^ qui comporta una talla amprainta. Un daa symboiaa suivants apparattra sur la damiAra imaga da chaqua microficha, salon la caa: la symbols -i«> signifia "A SUIVRE". la aymbola V signifia "FIN". Laa cartaa, planchas. tablaaux, ate. pauvant «tra fiimia i daa taux da rMuction diff«rants. Lorsqua la documant aat trop grand pour Atra raproduit an un saul clich*. il aat film* * partir da I'angia sup4riaur gaucha, da gaucha * droita. at da haut an baa. an pranant la nombra d'imagaa n*caaaaira. I.aa diagrammas suivants iilustrant la m*thoda. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 MEM OR ANDUM OF THE Board of Inspectors of Asy'am and Prisons, &c., &c. Quebec, May, 1860. Memora%idum respeoting t?ie construetion and manayemeiit of common yaoU^ (He, c&c. In carrying into practical operation tie salutary provisions of the 15th, 16th and 17th Sections of cap. 110 the Consolidated Statutes of Canada, and of the other Statutes connected with common gaols, the Board does not stand alone. The cooperation of municipalities and private individuals la required j and the Board was of opinion that they might materially assist their fellow labourocs in this important work by publishing, in a concise form, their views as to soine of the leading prijiciples which should govern the conduct of all who have any thing to do in the construction or management of prisons. With this object the present mefnorandum has been prepared. 1. Prisons are intended mainly to punish criminals, and to deter those who are inclined to beoorao such. They have, however, other objects of which the most important are the reformation of the pri- soners, and the lodging, provisionally but safely, persons accused of crime but as yet untried. 2. The inmates of our prJrc 03 are made up of indiViduals differing from each other in age, in sex, in temperament, ia physical habits, in religion, in education, in moral and intoUeotual character, md in their degrees of guilt 3. It is self evident that the most refiy-^iatory prison system would be that whUh separates from each other the individuals, who would be likely to corrupt each other ; and which submits all prisoners either individually or by classes, to suck moral and sanitary treatment as is bast adapted for their several casde. 4. Practically, however, there are great difficulties in the way of this therestically perfect Bjc1;em of classijacation. These difficulties arise, on the one hand, from the Injury to the health and sometimes to the reason resulting from the system of long and continued solitary confinement, and on the other, from the impossibili'ty of procuring the means required to carry into operation a system so costly as that which required separate prisons for each class of" prisoners. 6. As a principle, however, it cannot be questioned that separation of prisoners is essential for the reformation; and that unchecked inter- course of prisoners must inevitably lead to their further corruption. 7. Every prison system should, however, imporativ^y enforce. 1st. An entire separation of the sexes. 2nd. A separation of old and young. It should moreover, in one way or another, offer the means of classi- ' fication and those mechanical precautions (in the arrangements of the buildings, &c.,) which serve to supply the place of efficient supervision. 8. Every prison sysiem can provide and is bound to provide, in its discipline in the internal arrangemeals of tha buildings, that punishment shall be real and proportioned to the offence, that crime shall have no chance of propagri tiug itself either by esauiple ur pi-uucpt, and that habits of industry shall be inculcated. "S 9. It is, however, to Religion aud tp it alone that wo must look ht the means of bringing the criminal to repent and of inspiring the depraved will with a firm determination to persevere in well doing. For the reformation of prisoners therefore the following conditions are necessary : 1st, a conviction in the mind of the prisoner of the necessity of submission. 2'nd. Strict discipline and supervision. .3rd. Just and human treatment. 4th. The enforcement of labor. 5th. The removal of all corrupting influences. 6th. Medical treatment of vicious habits. 7th. Lastly and above all, religious instruction. To carry out this reformation, we should have prisons well con- structed with a view to the health as well as the discipline of the pri- soners, officers and servants carefully selected and well looked after, kind treatment of the prisoners while in prison, followed up by eflforta to aid them, if well disposed, after their liberation. Educated and ob- serving medical officers, and zealous clergymen. In the preliminary report of the Board (laid before the Legislature during the present Session), the numberless defects of the common goals of Canada, have been pointed out. It is plain, from what is there stated, that the Reformation of our Prison system must be commenced with changes i^ the construction of our goals The goals, in their present state, are an insurmountable obstacle in the way of the intro- duction of any sound system of prison discipline. Under these cir- cumstances the Board has thought it advisable to publish, in a conve- nient shape, some of the leading principles (now generally admitted) respecting the construction of goals, in the hope that they may be found nseful to all who may be interested in the subject, but especially to those who, umier the provisions of the acts referred to, are called upon to cooperate with the Board in the important work of building prisons. In all buildings intended for the reception of a large number of in- mates certain conditions must be observed for their sewc/age and drai- fiage lighting, heating and ventilation. In Prisons, over and above these^ there are certain peculiar provisions that must be made, of these the following may be considered as the most importunt z — 1. A proper place for religious worship and for religious instruction. 2. Hospitals for the ?ick of both sexes, one or more. 8. Bath Rooms. 4. Accommodation within the goal for the officers and servants. 5. Proper work shops. 6. Night cells. 7. Cells for solitary Confinement. 8. Some spare rooms. 9. Means of classification. 10. Separate provisions for female prisoners, (all our gaols being mixed.) 11. A high wall enclosing the whole of the prison ground. 12. Separate yards for males and females. All the above mentioned requisites can be decured at a small cost, as may be seen from an examination of the explaqatory sketch, annexed to this memorandum. It may be well to notice here those particulars either of a general ox special character, to which the Board attaches special importance in for- ming an opinion respecting any gaol plans which are brought officially before it. SITE. 1. The site of a prison phould be elevated, dry and airy. 2. The neighbourhood of running water is very desirable r* B^^TTTMsommon gaols should be coiiVeftient to the Court TTouso, and in the imraodiato neighbourhood of a city or town. It should however, be somewhat isolated from all other buildings, and the pri- soners' apartment should not, under any circumstances, look out upon a public thoroughfare. 4. Every gaol, however small, should^ have at least one acre of ground attached to it. CONSTRXJCTION. 1. Prison architecture should bo characterized by simplicity, secu ri*", convenieQoe and economy. 2. The walls should bo solid, the prison should not be m6re than three stories high. The windows should bo placed as tiir above the floor as possible, so as to shut out the view of the outer world, while at the same time care must be taken that abundance of light is admitted. 3. No drain should run under the building, no cess-pool should he allowed in the neighbourhood of the main building, and the rain water from the roof should be led into the sewers to keep them clean. 4. It would bo very desirable to have one or more reservoirs of good water in the upper part of the building- These reservoirs and the pipes leading to and from them (or otherwise employed in leading water into the building^, should bo of iron. INTERNAL ARRANGEMENTS. 1. The floor should be of hard wood waxed. 2. The privies should be separated from the main building by a small corridor or passage open and ventilated; the seats should be mad© either of stone, metal or hard wood waxed. 3. The doors in the interior of the prison should be of wrought iron, open and with fixed locks.* In addition to these solid doors of either iron or wood will be necessary for the purposes of classification and disci- pline. 4. The cells should occupy the middle of the galleries. There should be two rows of cells in each story placed back to back ; they should open upon spacious corridors, well heated, well lighted and well ventilated. 5. In common Prisons, (and where galleries with balconies cro not admissible) each tier of cells should be entirely separate from the others and should have its separate set of windows, with its own means of heating and ventilating. 6. The walls separating the cells should not have any openings or pipes leadipg through them, which would be likely to diminish their strength or furnish the means for secret inter-eommunication among the prisoners. 7. The heating, lighting and ventilating of the cells must be obtained from the corridors, by means of the doors and other openings between them. 8. To secure the objects referred to in last paragraph, the open- itigs between the corridors and cells must be ample. They should extend from the floor to the ceiling of the cell ; the portion above the door should be a grating of wrought iron. In ordinary night cells the gracing should be about the same width as the door : In the cells for solitary confinement the grating should be about twice as wide. 9. The ordinary night cell should be of the following dimensions : 8 feet in length, 3 feet in breadth, and 9 feet in highth. The larger * The doors of the Cells in the Provincial Penitentiary may seen as models oolla (those for solitary oonfinenjont, &o.) should be 10 fooT^nff * 7 feet wide,t and 9 feet high. ^' 10. Easy means of communication should bo provided between the various corrido.-s, &o., so that the keepers can pftsa readily and without loss of time from any one part of the building to any other. 11. All walls, intended for the separation of different classes of pri- Boners, should (when doors in them are neoeaeary; havf& double doors one solid and the other open. ' EXPLANATION OF T H l! ANNEXED PLAN. The plan, although a mere outline, will serve, it is hoped, to make the preceding observations more easily understood. It ig meant to shew the more important divisions only. The doors, stairs and other minor internal arrangements are not noticed, neither is any distributiou made of the part of the building intended for the governor and keepers, &c., of the gaol. All these matters of detail are left to the architect employed, whose plans must bo submitted to the Board before beiiK/ adopted. ° A gaol built according to the plan, herewith, would suflace for 45 prisoners, 30 males and 15 females. The plans, it should be obsorvod, have been prepared with a view to secure the utmost economy consistent with the ends proposed. Figure 1.— lispresonts a part of the ground intended for the ftison, with an outline of part of the enclosing walls, the divisioa walls and the outline of the prison : a is the gaol ; b, i, two courts ; o, c, two yards for the male prisoners ; d, the privies and an outer passa/^e leading from the third story into the Court yard e, which should serve as a yard for the female prisoners. _ Figure II. — Shews the elevation of the building, and indicates the simplicity and severity which should char»eterise it. Figure III.— Shews the foundation and ground plan of the buildint^. a the part intended for the governor of the gaol, b the gaol Kitchen, q, the laundry d, d, workshop's with lines to show the pillars of the arches supporting, the story above, e passage leading from the third story to the yard for the females ; /,•/, privies ;■ g, g, airy corridor leading to the privies. Figure IV.— The first flat : a, passage ; J, office ; c, apartments of the governor of the gaol ; d, bath room for the males, serving also as a reception room for the prisoners on their admission; c, /, /, g^ y, a« ■in figure III, li, j, rooms with night cells ; Jc, room with cells for soli- tary confinement. Figure v.— The second story : a, e, /, / g, g^ n,j, k, as before ; i, spaj-e room; c, hospital for males; d, d, rooms to be used as chapels and schools. Figure VL-The third-story : a, e f, /, g, g, h, j, Jc, as in figures lii ana iV ; 6, hospital;, for females; o, apartments for matron; d, spare room. A little knowledge will suffice to fill up the details omitted in the plans, and thus an idea may be formed of what such a gaol would be, built accord ing to the principles approved by the Board. * The 2 additional feet in length should be tftkeo from the corridor which (not being required for a working room on the side of the solitary cells) need not be so large as on the other. t These cellg are intended to.he as ^ride as two of the small cells with the wall between them. Ay ' 0-'' i k «*_ ^ a Ftffure 2 c # C 1 '^ a h ^ y \ Iff/ mr i a dZ u- -~ -^ b c L_ " ^7. Ji^ureJI %. lCi3f— oh34h:wln^ DD ] G G LI D fJ □ D D D G D 'D D D D D \ r'^'M^'^S-' ^ p - " P P Jon^N -, li^ipr /"(^TT . \- J 1 ♦■ .9' ct J n 1 u d ^"•v";:.trt-'..=-- ;i.^ 5' e . 1 J j_.. J 7c — • h 1 y .... . . I 1 c , ,f. ^i-c J-I-fl-^ffT' ^>>. /i'/l if e d^ ^ a ..^m^t^'imym'-^'^*'. JFiffure 2 >^r m: a t*_ u- — '— ^ c* " h h Tu/tire jH -d^ h. I&— ch>d^:m3J[m^ QD ED n r. 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