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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mithode. d by errata Imed to ment , une pelure, ) fa^on d le. 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 EMIGRATION; L E T T E R S FROM SUSSEX EMIGRANTS, WHO SAILED FROM PORTSMOUTH, IM APRIL 1832, OX BOARD THE SHIPS, LORD MELVILLE AND EVELINE, FOR U PPER CANADA: EXTRACTS PROM VARIOUS WRITERS ON EMIGRATION TO CANADA, AND FROM CANADIAN NEWPAPERS, WITH REFERENCES TO THE LETTERS : CAPT. HALE'S INSTRUCTIONS TO EMIGRANTS; AND A GAZEITEER OP THE PLACES NAMED IN THE LETTERS. SOLD BY JOHN PHILLIPS!, PETWORTH, AND B.V LONGMAN AND CO. LONDON. MDCCCXXXIIl. Price Two Shillings. ~.s:f ' fi'tMmm»9mmt»*mmmime»iimmtw>(t rF.TWORTII : PRINTED IJY .TOIIX IMUIJ-H'S, CIIURCn STREET. i % SttAi' OK Tiu; 'SU'VTi'i:iMTJf3 iw th*: PiiDYlTi'Yi;!: i> i-d \y -niv. yUU'VTl^i^'J:! ok XTPfJlJi L'Ai'YAl^A V V IM'liODICTIOX. Tin the bi'f^iiJiiii)^ ot'thc year IS.'i2, a C'oininittee wa« formed rff I'ctwortii, uiuier the t-aiu'tioii of llie Earl of Egreinont, to aft'ord iissi.stauee to «ucli persons Uh mit|;ht wiah to emigrate t\) Canada; and the followhig paper uas printed, and circuhitcd in the neij.jhbourliood. Prtwurfh, March Ut. 1^2. InforHui'ion lu Pvrxons dcsiroi/s of enti^/rafinf/ front this Ncifjhbotirhuud^ to I'pjnw (Uiuadn. In Ihe parish of Petworlh, >vhcre the Tarl of Egremont pofts«'««scs nearlv llie wluile oftlift bud, his F.urdship has sij^niried his iutfiition, ol d«'fia>inj; tlie wliok' of tlie cxpence, of persons of npjirt(vcd thunictpr.wishini; to proceed to Upper Canada; and, in any other paiish, in proporJiou to the property he owns in liiat parish. Kncoura^t'd by this liheiid support, an engagement has bren ciilert-d inio, for tiie ship LORD MELV^ILLE, 425 * 'fons register, A. 1. c<»pj)ert{4 and copper fastened, and sheathed, villi 7 fret heiuhl bctwtcn , or \\VA\', which city he intends to setllo) paying every atten^ tion to their comforts on the route. ^ To alTi,riynif) their intention lo age Mas unfortunately h)nger, and more rough, than i;. i:tiial at that seanon. to ti:e great, though unavoidable, clisjomica't of many on beard ; but the whole parly, rxee[)ting cne infant hi eiieh ^>hij), (\vJ:o died at L^ea) re.nehed Uuebee, '■>«■; .'•*. ii't 'A\\\\ iva:\ i';c]\?V[d]y spoakiiii^, In '^•ooil }io;tlL!i. At tli.-it :)];n".v (tiu' iiiifortuiiuU" yoim^i^ nitm ua.s drowned, in (V>nse(nr.'iu\'" of excess in drinkin;^, :ind anotlier, from the saine c;iu';e, at Montreal. ' (>5ei' Ara/, /;. 5.) The party quittction.s) entiirly e^^caped its ravajj^es, diu'ln-;" tlunr proii^ress up tlie (Country ; aU,h()ujfh it afterward--., nniiappily, broke ont, with i^reat violence, wliere sonte of them iv.i'i settled. (Sec ('ttpeMu.'f k'ftcr, p. 16.) After the cmi<;-rants arrived at York, they were forwarded to variou.4 jdaces in tlie province, by direction of the Lt. Governor Sir J. Colborne. and either se'dled on land, or i^ot immediate em- ploynient, at hii;-h waue.^. They seen\ indeed t;> be so happily- distributed, as to alford a hoi>e, tiiat, in the lan^'uage of some of their own letters, they will not only, '''do fhe)»,'ic'lv('.\' some (/ood," but also be able, materially to assist the first efforts, of those of their former neii^hbonrs, who may hereafter be disposed to join them : antl it is no*-, {KM'haps, going too far, to indulge the expectation, that some of the settlements form- ed by these Sussex emigrants will, eventually, become of great importance in the province. One, in the liist improving government township of Adekiide, to which a considerable number of them was sent, has already been called by the Sur- veyor, "Gotdchcry" aftei the name of an industrious, and worthy man, from Pulborough, in this County, uho hud charge of the party in the Eveline, It will be seen that the letters and extracts form a chrono- logical series from the day of the sailing of the two ships, froni Portsmouth, down to the date of the last letter (November 21st.) Many others have been received, but they are either not so explanatory, as those which are given, or merely con- tain repetitions of the same facts. The Conuuittee have taken considerable pains to obtain a sij^ht of all the letters that have arrived, from those who emi~ Viijs* ^.tu^tlj|8,J«a^^M«^«^»tf!Jii«f ,. VI 1 1 It I I ir I i grated under their iniinun^enient, and tliey have wA yet secti one, in which the writer reii^rets tl»c steps he lias taken, whikr expressions to tlie contrary arc very numerous. They are faithfully j^iven in the very wonls of the writers, and even where, in some instances, the sense might seem to require a little alteration, that liberty has not been taken: the spelling alone (to save extra trouble, in copying and printing) has been corrected. It is gratifying to observe the warm feelings of affection towards those they have left, and that innate love of coiuitry, so common to englishmen, forcibly expressed in several of the letters : many of the emigrants contemplating a final return to their native soil aiul friends, with improved means, in a few years; others that they shall be able, at some future period, to visit the objects still so dear to them in this country, with- out abandoning the property they may have acquired in Ca- nada. Reports having been circulated, by persons unfriendly to emigration, that the very favourable accounts which had becii received from preceding emigrants, were deceitful fabrications : many curious devices were practiced, by the friends of those who went from Sussex, to guard against the possibility of imposition. The paper on which letters from Canada v ere to be written, was prepared in England, either by a heading in the hand of a friend, a name written across, certain mys- tical holes pricked with a pin, or, what was more general, a sort of tally, formed by a corner of the paper being scrawled upon, and then torn off, the piece torn away being carefully preserved at home. In one instance, a very small, and peculiarly shaped, crooked pin, placed under the seal, came back from the " far ives't ;" with especial directions, that this infallible proof should be again returned thither. These directions have been complied with, and the crooked pin, is now once more on its voyage. IX yet st'«*fi II, wliiKr writers, seem to ien: the >rinting) iflfection •oiintry, il of the ,1 return ,iis, in a e period, y, with- l in Ca- cndly to ladbeeii cations : of those ibility of ida T ere heading tin mys- Mieral, a crawled arefuUy all, and [il, came as, that These :ed pin. On a comparison of those letters, with the extracts t'o^ - taiiicd in the appendix, thry will be found fully to confin>i a'l that has been stated, on the advantages to be obtained Iiy an ijuhistrious man, in emigrating to Canada. The oii^y s-f- rious f)bstacle seems to he, the discomforts of the Voyage, and the fatigues of the subsequent journey up the country fro; i Montreal, altho' even these are spoken very light of, by sonit; of the letter writers, and by others, not noticed at ail. A voyage across the Atlantic, must of necessity, be at- tciulrd by inconveniences, discomforts, and even sulicriugs, (t') some constitutions) which it is not in human power, entirely to prevent ; still, they maybe alleviated ; and should the Committee ever again tit out a «hip, they hope to do so in a considerable degree, by an improved arrangement of the berths, es])ecially, as concerns the accommodation of families, an:! by m;iking a larger allowance of space to individuals, rrnrraily. ITiider their former plan, it was stipulated, that t!i'.' nuuibrr taken on board, should not exceed three fourths of that tillowedby the actof parliament, called the passengers a.'t, but on any future similar occasion, they would diminish llie number still further. Profiting also by experience and informatioi!, they would lay in such provisions, for those who might not chuse to board themselves, as should be suited, as far as possible, to their usual modes of living ; and would en- deavour to engage, as general superintendent, some person w ho has been regularly brought up to the sea, and whose previous habits would enable him, to be of most use to those under his care, at the time when his services would be most needed. A^'ith respect to the journey up the country, after leav- ing Montreal, the fatigues and irksomeness of this part of the expedition, are almost wholly got rid of, by the comple- tion of the llideau Canal (see Government advertisement, p. 65.) and the facilities afforded by a newly invented steamer, which has been found capable of stemming the currents at b i'l Kv, t^ iN t i' MatiUlii, ii'kI tlio iippor piirt ofllio St. LanTcnce, (sec copy of udvertiseiiKMit, p. (i7-) The emigrants would iilso have the assistance of the superintendent; ji part of whose eui^agement it would be, to conduct sueh of them as mijjflit desire it to York ; or Hamilton ; or any other port at the head of Luke Ontario. Those who have made up tiieir minds to emiiijrate, but are still hesitatini^, whether thjy will go to the United States or to Canada, are advised to peruse a recent publication entitled " United States or Canada ;" which contains much forcible reasoning on the subject, founded on personal observation, and from Avhich the comparative table of the import duties payable in each country-, has been borrowed. See also extracts from i hat very instructive and entertaining work the Back- it'Oixlmian, y>. 61. The Committee particularly wish to call the attention of every emigrant to Capt. Hale's "Instructions" which are given (at page 7~) i'l hi>^ owmi words : they are the result of much personal experience, and arc so clearly expressed, that it is impossible to misunderstajul, and so good, that it is im- possible not to benefit by obeying them. The ga/rttcer to the lette; .« , has been compiled for the in- formation of those who may not be well acijuainteil with the geography of Upper Canada; and it is hoped, tliat the whole collection will afford much information in a small compass, to those who may not have leisure or inclinfition for niiudi re- search ; while to those who may wish to go further into the subject, the Committee beg to reconnnend the Avorks, of whicli a list is to be found page 102. IVtworth, February Ith. 1833. T. SOCKl'/lT, !| Til Fi S|]ij)s, Lord ^^^:l,VH.^K iind Evki.im,, cuL^af^fd l)y tlic; l\'t\V()rtli ('ouiinltU'c actiniTi lur the litirl of E(jrf- niont^ sailed from PoursMoi rn, for Mo.\ riiK.vi., <».i the lllli. April, ISI^J^, uitli Piissi.'iii;cr.s bt'lonniiiii^ to th« followini^ plact's ; the parties (^ijfeiierally) to be con(iut.'te',l to York, in rpiM;i{ ('.wada. From what Flace. Sussex, Petwortli ' Tillin^toii . . . .| Northehapel . .| Lur .... 4 6 •20 ."> I IS 4 2 3 4 2 4 3 13 4 o 1 6 2 1 1 2 :3 () 13 3 2 12 • • 2 2 2 • • 3 1 4 4 I 1 I'lidor It 1 vrs. of ,Ai.-e 1 I \ X t a 3 M r- «i ^O 2 2 i () 22 , "4 3 ' • ■ '■ 3 :' b ' 7 i 2 3 1 • • 3 6 I 2 / I' \ J s:i '^^^ I 15 • • 5 1 3 2 3 ] 6 I 1 Carrkd forward 139 75 1 94 1 80 4.5 10! 1 2-; ! ■ /2i : is! : 91 ' r)Sl 1 41 12 I 11 ; 10 ! 3 i 9 I 13 I 3 ! 4 ' 21 20 .5 5 G 2 394 t" If ;■ i.i N I" .- li I'roin what Pluce. Aiults Til •I.'r II of Ak?' a; c 5 Jj Ik E U. Hants Jiro(ff//if over.. . . \\i\) {St crp, (near "^ r/i Lurp-asliJill) j Itt'liiiiu^tone^ I Northiiii^^lon j lvi]iii,toii ' ?t ('ainbri(ihirc. liovfstoii 'i () J)4 ; hO 1 ^urrcw ChitUliiigfold ]-inrhmri't' . , llusc'onib . . . Ilaslcmcre . . Stoki' AVitlcy South wark . 8 2 T H 2 4 1 1 2 1^ 2 2 5 1 a 2 Total under the niaiiaii^oiiicnt of ] ;|,jj.> ^,^ Hit; I'ciworth Conu^nittce.. . . i ! | '^ l)()i-kiiiLr,&c....; 48 I 20 109 23 1231 II ,132 i3{)4 3 10 5 21 12 3 2 i) 21 I 2 102 12 114 191 103 594 9 Mr. Ilf-iiiiii!: (frcni Cliichesler) wpuf out i s a Cabin rassftigcr iu ihe Lord Melville. /. Lady (with her seven C'lildrpii) poiiip^ lojoiii lu T Iiu>bnii(l, wiio had |iiiich;;6. « fl Lund iJid settled wvav Guclj h, ulso •weut out iu the sanie bhip . . _ Passcui^aTs in the two Ships C*03 IX addition to the a];ovc, tlic Sliip Enclaxd, whicli had been originally en«;i.:,cd by tlic Fetwoith Conunittcc-, also baik'clln la l'oitsn'(,utii, MaylHli, 1K32, mu'cr similar ur- i'aiJj„t'Liciits, M'itli Euiis^rajits IrouitJic I'ollowiug places. b„S£CX. Hants. Kent. . From what Place Arundel Bliistr 70 . .) .'o ^T ^w / . . / 10 / 17 12 13 25 90 "71 " 104 Making a Tctul Number of "iCyf Enii^jrants. '.a iM At;o ti ii K 1 ^ 1 E ' H i o t u. I HG 31)4 1 3 • • 10 5 5 21 • • 12 • • ;j • • '2 "2 1) G 21 • • 2 AM G 102 101 12 103 114 594 • • 9 . . .003 ivliich luid ultce, also i-iniilar ur- pltices. Total No. ' ol Persons IG 25 70 25 1G4 Thvf(jUfnrin(j Cojnj of a Letter from R. Mount, Esq. to Mr. J(t,/ns Ilo/bij, at IJiorji-le-soken, has been rece'wed since the ahurc teas sent to press. Carrmloc, 20//^ Sept. 1832. Prar Sir, — In reply to your inquiries in regard to the ^system pursued by tlie (uAtnniient, in settling poor enii- ;;r!iut.s, in lliis piirt of the Province, 1 hei^ to inform you, that tiie p^'opie sent out by the Etirl of Egrcmont, as well as inaiiy oilier people, have been forwarded to their lands in the township of Adelaide, in the London district, at the expense of the (jovernnunt, where they have received an allotment of 100 acres of haid each, at the average price for which lands are selling iii that township, to be paid for in six years ; the hrst three )e;:rs \'.illiout interest, and the last three years V. ith interest : the first payment to be nuide, being one- fourth of the purcluise money, at the end of the first three yeiirs, and the renuiinderby equal instalments yearly, during the kuit thi'ce years. tinvAl houses have been erected upon these allotments, at the expciise of the (sovernmcnt, for the accommodation of lliose \\ ho have hunilies. Medical aisistanee, and proper attendance, as well as every jiecessary comfort, have been provided for the sick, and they are by uo nuans idlowed to suffer for want of care. (government Morks have been carried on in the neighbour- hoed, in niaking roads for the purpose of giving employment to thi se ^^ll(.l desire it at 2s. 4d. per day, and board. In order that the people should not be imposed upon by merchants and others, seliiiig provisiojis, the Government have thought projier tf) keep a store in the neighbourhood, where the people can purchase every necessary of life at cost and charges. 'I hose who hv.vc arrived lierc in the month of July, are all \\v\ comfortal^ie, and many of them have small crops of wheat in tiie ground, and will be prepared to plant sufficient quajitities of nuiize or Indian corn in sprhig, to support their families ; from which time they will be quite independent, and V, ill, in the end, become ^ood livers. its. .<4«atfc*^A->^, These are the pnncipul fact.s in regard to s( ttKrs eiitrustct! to my tare; but 1 coiiUl say much inorr if 1 had tiiiu-, in regard to the prospects of others, wlio may be disposed to emigrate next year. They shoidd k'ave home so as to arrive here in the month of June, and their success is ahnost certain. I remain, dear Sir, yours trulv, U. MOUNT. ii LIST OF TIIK LETTERS, IVNOK. Adsett, 18 and 4o. Baker, 11 Boxall, ^8 Boxall, 2oT Capehiin, Hi Cooper, 8 Cooper, 47 Elhott, 2() Evans, 17 Goatcher, 3 IIen\ing Mr. 4 and 00 Hill, 10 and U Martin, 27 Nash, 41 Ncal, 5 and 42 Pannell, 31 Phillips, 12 Phillips (Merston) . . .46 Rapson, 35 omart, •...«•• «// Spencer, 24 Stedman, Kj Thomas, o4 Titmouse, H) Tribe, 32 Upton, 22 and 23 W^ilson 21 From Stepheu Ooatc/icr, late oj Pulborough, Sussex. July 6th. 1832. Dear Wife, (The first part is omitted, as it relates entirehj to family ajfuirs) ******* I never was sick at all, but tlierc were a ejreat number that were very sick : the weather was very cold when we came to NewfourKl- laiul, snow lav on tlie mountains : thev had a hard winter at (i'lebec: *hcy were sowin'i; wiieat : it is a very cold place. I Hiu'the water-fall (^Tune 24th) at Nia'j^ara ; our schooner lay about 2 miles otY: it was the most wonderful sij^ht that ever my eyes beheld : it is much the same as Mrs book n^lates. James Parker, his wife and family are all well, also "Napper, and his wife and family, and hope all their friends are well at home. I cannot jj^ive you much account of Canada at present, oidy most of things dear. The flies are very troublesome; there are great numbers, and are dif- ferent from those in England. We are now on our way to Kettle Creek, which I expect to be my home. The people seem very bad farmers. Whisky very cheap. I should like to know how you are doing, and how your crop is com- ing along. I hope y»u will have a plentiful harvest, and all thijigs going on well. I hear the reform bill is thrown out. It has been reported the Duke of Wellington is dead. The people are very nnich afraid that we had got the cholera; we have often been inspected by surgeons. I would ad- vise any of my friends not to come to this country in so large a party, if they do, tliey will find it unpleasant. I had a great deal of trouble, 250 people to feed every day.* When I arrived at York, I went to the Governor ; a very fine man ; it was like a king's palace : the gold laid on his shoulders : he said he would send us to the ])est land in Cat; ;., . I lived with Captain Royal, in the ship Eveline, in Hjc -abin, on fresh meat and fowls. You will thin': it h)ng l lore you re- ceive this letter ; I hope it will find you all well with Wm. and his family. I often think of you all. Remember me to my sisters and brother, and Mr. Clements, and Mr. Parry, and my old friend Mr. Comper and all the family, Mr. Chal- len and his family, and all my old friends wheresoever they may be. We are now arrived in the woods, but what we are * Mr. Goatcher was Superintendant of the Party in the Eveline. ..I H!' I i' tl! In do, we do not know at prosoiit. Tlio iimscjuitoos arc very trnuh1i'«()ino. I tliink of havin'i^ sonic land, but it is not si'ttk'il ; resent: the liiiul is very u'ood. I tliink oi' tiiUiii'' James l\, '• and family with me. When I u;et settled I will write k. yon aj^ain. We are too late for any erop this year, but I hope we shall Itnd one atiother year : the land is very full of timber, very tall, three times as loftv as yours in Vaux- land. Now, Mr. ('omprr, you wish to know somethinif about the country : it looks very well to me at present. You M'ish ti) know the ap|)earanee of the country : by what T can see at present, the lanil is the best (juality, but it is all co\ere(l with heavy timber : they say they can clear an acre for about £A. There arc no underwoods nor bushes at all, but the tind)er is cut and burnt altoii^ether. The system of farmint^ is this, they burn it o IV, and harrow the wheat in, without plouij^hini'. In this place tliere is not one stone to be found; it's black loam. Their wheat is very fine : barley they do not sow ; but 1 tliink it would bear lijood barley. They raise a j^reat de;d of Indian corn. Where I think of settling, the government are making a new road through : they say that a coach will pass through before long. There is a mill not far distant, and a saw mill is making. 'JMiere is plenty of good land for all the people in your country : they would not want to work on the road, us they do in your country. The people are very kind to ns : they are very fond of the English. The weather is very hot; more so than in England. Last winter was the hardest that ever they remember. I cannot tell y(m wliere to write to me at present. Remember nic to the Rev. J. Austin. I shall write to you before long, and then I shall «ji\c you more account. John Rurchell I forgot. I hope it will ^\k\ you all well. So no more from your ever loving and dutiful husband, STEPHEN GOATCIIER. To Mrs. (joatcher, PuWuruiiyk, Sussex. Tlic gcnth'vum named in this letter is Mr. Ileming (son of a lait dei'ijyman at Vliiehester.) • ♦ « # * I ani happy to say tliat my sister received a letter from her son on Sunday last ; we tlid not hear of it until the next evening . He writes from Guelph, on the 19th. of July, but the letter is dated on the i outHuli' the *iHril : it is ii very satisfactory accoui it. I only h(>j)i' lie Ijhs not btvii loo [Jiecipitati' in scttlini^ liiinsolf, for he lias already i;oiii!;ht an estate ; hut he seems to have made ]iis ehoiee with souie discretion, as far as we can jndtj^e from our own inferences driiwn from his letter : he has honj^ht *2'M) acres of the comj)any, only -I miles from (luelpii ; the land is uncleund: he says that almost all the land that is to be bought cleared, having been first taken by jicople with little or no capital, is generally exhausted, and nuist be left fallow for three years to recover itself ; and therefore does not answer : he says the land near (juelph is higher in price than he expected, that it sells for l^s. ()d. per acre, so I suppose he has giviMi that for it: the chief tindxT is maj)l(^, bass, (a sort of pine 1 believe) beech, and oak, and these 1 be- lieve, bespeak a good quality of land : there is a good road, (he is on the Eramosa road) a grist mill, and two saw mills ; the situation is high ; and, he thinks, it must be healtliy : and, as the land is selling oft' fast there, it must bt^ an improv- ing place, and not so far out of the world as Goderich : there are three or four springs of good water on the lot : he thinks he shall be able to procure three acres more, which will give* liim the command of a river. York, he says, is in a very unhealthy sitiuition, the land about it not near so good as at (juelph : he was still with Mr. Penfold, from whom, he says, he has experienced great khidness and attention, and 1. shouhl rather suppose he thinks of settling thereabouts, l)ut Edward does not say so. * * * * 1 hope l*id\\'ard ^vill do well ; he seems quite delighted with his prospects. ***** * * lie s.'iys he makes sure of seeing us all out tliere ere long, he hears such bad accounts of poor old England : we are going to send him out as (juickly as we can a collection of seeds, and his saddle, w hich he has written for. From Richard Neal, of Sutton, Sussea^, to his Frinids. DundaSy North America^ July 20th. 1832. Dear Friends axd Relations, I take this opportunity of these few lines to- you, hoping to find you all in good health, as it leaves me at I' it!' l': X present. Thank Clod we landed safe at Quebec, aftor seven weeks sail. We had a very rnuprh passage. I enjoyed jL^ood health all thewayover; I never had one honr sieknes* all tiic time we were on the sea. They were most all sea sick. Joseph Lcjrjrett and Elias were a little sick, hut not nnich. On tlie first of May we lost one of the sailors, and was one of the roui^hest days we had, hut were tost about very nuich. We saw a lar^e ([uantity of porpoises coniini^ over, and whale fishes blow water as high as the mast head. We were about six weeks out of sight of land. The first land wc saw was Cape Breton, a large mountain covered with snow. The 19th. and 21st. May we entered the river of St. Lawrence, which was 4(K) miles long before we came to Quebec, some places 50 miles wide, and some place,; not sonuich. We saw snow for about 20() miles up the river, and the trees were coming out in leaf: as fast as we go up the country the for- warder the land is. When we landed at Quebec, a great many of the men (spirits being so cheap) drunk so much, it made them cra/y : one of them got drowned there, and ano- ther .at Montreal. We were at Quebec two days. There waa six large ships towed up the river by one steam boat : the name of the steam boat was John Bull, 245 horse power. 180 miles from Quebec to Montreal. They were all French people there : you can buy rum \0d. per quart, port wine J*. 3d. per quart, all the other liquors very cheap : cider about 6rf. per quart. I M'as offered 5*. 6d. per tlay at Montreal, but 1 did not wish to stop. W^e went into the woods and found plenty morels, just like them in England ; but the people did not know what they was : then we started for Little York, which is about 500* miles further, all by water. W^hen we landed at York, some went one way and some the other. I stopped there, Elias and Joseph Leggett went on with Hilton, 180 miles further : § they promised to write to me, but I have had no letter from them ; but I saw two men that went up with them : they both got Mork for one man : and Sefton Charman's wife's brothers they have got a good place, 12 dollars a month and their board. A man will get more a month here, with his board, than in England without. I have not seen any game about here, but there is pheasants and hares, and thousands of pigeons, and a few bears, and * 355 Miles. § To Fort Georffe, Niagara, v. Elliott's Letter, Sept, 24/A. Molvos, ])ut ;i very fow. Tin iv- I^ ;i qrcnt many cliorries in tlic woods, j.^oos<.'lK'rrlcs, and imts. 1 proiuiscd to soiid you the state of tlu* comitrv: I will as well as I cjifi. This is k ^ood eoimtry for oiietliiiit(, the people arc u 11 of one sort, pretty mueli : their servants lives with their masters, aiul they j^ots ii;oo(l waives : but it is very hot in the summer, and very cold in tlie winter. I do not like this country so we!l as Kn'jjland, for men are not so strorii^ as they are in Eni^land; nor the meat is not so i^ood, hut very elicap, I left York, and went to Duiidas, and f^ot a j(»b there for a man of the name of Pope : he has hcen here five years, and is doing very well. I have fi.y. a day, and hoard and lodgins^, for which f liave to take 2.v. iS f. per day in store, what they call it : you must take clothes, shoes, hats, or any thiiii^ that your master works for, and I take 15*. a week, paid in money. Clothes is very dear here. Any man can earn cnout^h in three days to keep a wife and family a week. Dear father and mother, do not UAake yourselves uneasy about me, for I am doing very well ; but 1 do not like it so well as in England, but I can come back when I like, if it pleases God. Bricklayer is a good trade here, and can earn a great deal of money after you gets known. Send me all the iu>ws you can, and I will send you more next time. Tell James Clarke that I do not per- suade him to come over to stay, but here is plenty of work, and good pny. I will send you another letter in the course of a few weeks ; then 1 shall be able to say more about the country. Direct to Richard Neal, Bricklayer, DundaSj Upper Canada, Near the Lake Ontario, North Amei'ica, Put down btj New York* You must pay the letter to the water. So no more at present, from your affectionate brother, RICHARD NEAL. Kind love to father and mother, and all my friends, urhich there is too many to mention. Write to me as soon as you gets this letter. ill I'i 5 M The two foUoiviny letters were, both toritten on a sheet af pa' j)er, fr<>nt irJifch u corner had been torn, and left lui h a relation in Et/ijland. From Edward Boxall, late resident at Coldwalthanif Sussex, formerbj a Soldier in the 3G//t. Regiment, Adelaide, Upper Canada. July 28th. 1832. tlu Dear Mother, I take this opportunity to acquaint j rived here safe , and in good health, on the 6th. July. Dear Tc ther, I was very fortunate, in brhiging my discharge with me ; for I found, when I landed at York on the 23rd. June, that all who could shew their discharge, was entitled to a hundred acres of land, from the crown for their service, which I accordingly got : so if either of my nephews, or both of them, should like to come over here, I will give them some land to work upon. Tell them to bring some tools, and all the money they can get, with them, and some upland seed, of all descriptions, and garden seeds too, and barley in particu- lar. Wm. Cooper's land joins mine, but he have got to pay tw'o dollars per acre for his, and 6 years to do it in. Here is a river runs through the corner of my lot, and plenty of fish in it ; and here is wild deer, and turkejs, pheasants, par- tridges, and rabbits : and any body may kill them. Catharine is very -well at present, but she Avas very sea sick coming over, for some time : she sends her kind love to Ruth, and all their brothers and sisters, and all friends. Copy this letter, and send it to my sisters, and tell them I will build them a house, if they will come over here to live. So no more at present from yours, EDWARD & CATHARINE BOXALL. From William Cooper, late of Burton, Sussex, Adelaide, Upper Canada, July 28th. 1832. Dear father and mother, brothers and sisters, I hope this will find jou in good health, as it leaves me at present. I have been ve^ ^^xU e^ er since 1 lelt England : we were hcd (if pa' left inJi a im, Sussex, Canada. [832. hat we ar- ily. Dear liarge with 13rd. June, titled to a ir service, 7^i or both ;hem some )ls, and all nd seed, of 11 particu- ^ot to pay- Here is nty of fish lilts, par- Catharine V coming: li, and all his letter. Id them a more at )XALL. Canada, 832. s, I hope present. we were seven weeks comhigto Montreal, and five weeks more coining up to Kettle Creok. I liavc v^ot 100 acres of land, at 2 dol- lars per acre, atid one fourM.i t;> bo puid for at the end of 3 years, and the rest in 3 years more. In En.^lish money, it comes to £41. I3.s\ Ad. in all. Tell mv brother James I saw Riciiard Carter and liis M'ife at Little York : they are doing very well, and said this would be a good opportunity for them to have come out to this countrj'. I should like for all my brothers to come here; for here is plenty of work, and no doubt but we shall do very ^vcll after next harvest. Edward Boxall, and his vvife, and Wm. Phillips from Merston, and we, have built us a Slia tee, and li\'es and works altogether on our own land. We have got above 2 acres cleared, and shall sow 6 or 7 iieres of \\'iieat this juitumn, and more in the spring. Dear father, I should like to have a malt mill, and a few pounds of thread, and above all things, a New- foundland dog for myself; and take this letter to Merston, to Phillips' father, and tell him to be sure to bring him a dog, to catch the deer, and tell you what time of the year they means to come out ; so that you may all come toii'ether. Answer this as soon as you recei\'e it. I have to tell Avheat is now selling, at 1 dollar a bushel ; beef at 2\d. per pound; and mutton the same; and pork 4r/. ])er pound in English mont :y. Spirits is very cheap here. Farmers' men gets from 3 to 12 dollars a month, and board and lodgings, and washing and mending. I have no more to say at present, so 1 must conclude, with my kind love to you all. 1 remain your dutiful son, WILLIAM COOPER. Direct to William Cooper, Township of Adelaide, to be left c.t Colonel Mount's, Delaware, North America. From John Lvff, lute of Bury, Sussex, aged 1 5 years. Nelson, July 29ih. 1832. Dear Sik, This letter is to Inform you of your humble servant, John Tiuff : Ave arrivetl at York on the 23rd. day of June. I might have got three places at Montreal but as I was a waiting for Mr. 1 did not go, so I came to York, and from York about 30 miles up the country ; and I went to work on the road, and Mr. did not come for me; «o I am livinjj with Jacob Triller, and I am living in the I>eing more of a wild nature. As for their gar- dens there is no variety in them, as tliey plant very little but french beans and potatoes, the winters being too cold, and the summers too hot, for ve getables ; so tliey say. I have a great deal more to tell you all, but I have not room for it in a sheet of paper, so I hope you will be satisfied with this lit- tle. I want to tell you a little about hew wc got here. 1 sailed 1: U dhursty SuS" bth. 1832. opportunity I friciidi;;, in anti ])rother. ) God for it, ; is a great IS is raging end the best to do. It is every thing person may 'e is a great advise them : there : but orst. Here ivhat it is at for a month so that you >ds; here be- rk a month, t much of: 1 : but they ce, as they iiost always- ml explana- as they are am working present. I bove York : i*y is, as in e the crops, so good as r tlieir gar- ry httle but cold, and . I have a om for it in ith this lit- ;re. I sailed in the ship named The Eveline : there wi\& 450 passengerson board, but they were all strangers to me. We left Portsmouth the 11th. April, and arrived at Quebec May 28th. 1 was very well all the passifge, and was not the least sea sick ; yet a great many were, nearly all the pjissagc?, as it was very stormy and rough. * * i am very nuieh obliged to and Mrs. for their charity to me, as I had £'2. to take at York, and the superintendant said they gave it me. Tell my father to write to me as soon as possible, as I long to hear from them all. My love and respects to all Singleto/i folks : 1 have not mentioned any of their names, for it is to them all. So no more at present from your well wisher, Wni. PHILIPS. Direct to W. Philips, Ancaster, Upper Canada^ Nor tit, America. Fro7n John Stcdnian, lale of Hascomb, Surrey. August 7th. 1832. Dear Father and Mother and little John. * * Thank God that I am in a state of health at present, and as happy as any person in the world ; and 1 hope you are all the same. * * We landed at Quebec the 28th. of May ; that made our passage 7 weeks. I weiit on shore there about 6 hours, on purpose to see the Town, and I Avas glad to step my foot on land again. 1 had lib. of beefsteak and 2 (piarts of cider; then come on board of tlie ship, and sailed to Montreal ; which Avas 16() miles farther. We Mas tovvcd up by the sttiam boat called the John Bull : then we left the ship. We laid in the store house 3 daySjbefore we could get boats to take us to Prescot, which was 160 miles further. AVhen we got to Prescot, A\e took steam boats to take us to York, (which) was IGO miles further still ; but I in good spirits all the time. I thought we should get there some time, if it was please Gotl ; but u hen we leit Prescot for York, we crossed a lake, we Mas overtaken by a * him brlni^ wliat ready money he can, and not provide a par- cel of thinji^s, as I did ; for t!H:i'>;s is as cheap ho'e,* as in Knu;laiul, and tools clieaper. T.et him briiii; a few onesided oats; a littk barley ; i^ooseberry and cnrrant cuttini]js. My dear brother, renunnber me to all relations, and all eiKjuirinpr friends. T hope, by the blessiiif: of God, you arc all well, as I thaidv God it leaves me, and the remainder of my family, at present, f hope you will write to me, as soon as you can. 1 remain your affectionate brother, JOHN CAPELAIN. Mrs. Kiui^sliott's (love) to all her husband's family, and is sorry to say, she has the inexpressible ijjrief, to say she lost her dear and only friend, 2!)t!i. June, in about 23 hours ; and in sixteen days after, her 3'omi^est child : she expects every day, to i^o to Oxford, 25 miles tlistant, to settle with a school. As soon as Mrs. KiuL^shott <(ets to Oxford, she will send her friends all the particulars : she, and her two children, is very poorly : she wants for nothinu^ : she meets with the p'catest of friendship. I have not heard of \Vm. Tickner, since we left York. He went in another vessel, farther up the lake. We have not heard that any more died, tlum those who came here, except Edward Luif, and he died at Hamilton. We are 100 miles from York. Direct to me No. 13, 1st. Concession, Huron Tract, South Eastho ;c. Upper Canada, America, Extract of a Letter from Charlotte Evans (formerly Charlotte Tribe) to her Brother (Robert Tribe,) Dean, near Petworth, Waterloo, August ISth, 1832. * * * * Robert Chalwin is dead ; he wished tf) make his home with us, but his (Uncle would not let him stay, but took his things with him. 14 that came out of Lurj^ashall Parish, Mrs. Morley, Joseph Kingshott, Henry Lander and Brother, Ned Luff, Henry Gogger is dead. Dear Robert, Benjamin says, if he could * i, e. In the Huron Trad, i! m'M m ()'' It have the two Robert's and Neddy, (or Biddy) between tbeur, he never should want to see Ent^hmd aijfain. (iive Ben's love to Henry Baker, Robert Khigshott. Our h)ve to Mr. and Mrs. Ilill, and all the ehildren. Jesse [Pentold,] Jiunes- [Rapson,] and Benjamin [Tribe,] are bulldint^ a house ; and you and family, shall have a house when you eome. Dear Father and Motlier ! and ^vv all send our best love to you; and Wife, and her Father, and Mary's love to Mrs. Sanders ; and give my best h)ve to Miss Upfold ; aiul let her see the letter : and tell her when she writes to Mrs. FiVany, to give my love, and let her know that I shall write when I get settled, as I have altered my name sinee I eame to this eountry. I have n\arried an Irishman, tiiat has got land from the King j and we should be on it before, but for the sickness that prevails in the part of the country, where the land lies. When you come bring 2 pair of shoes, high; very strong: Chalwin to make them : bring your clock ; also bring every thing you want (for) housekeeping. In this country, as you jjay no duty for any things conung; you will not be examined. If you could, I wish you would bring 12 yards of waistcoat flannel, and I shall refund you the money with thanks. Bring some net for caps ; and some for borders ; in fact any things in the wearing way, you v,iU get paid for in this part of America. Your trade, working by the day in this country, pay bs. ahd the best of boarding, and abundance of employ- ment. W^ishing you and your family, a happy voyage to this country, v/hich shall be the prayer of your afi'ectionate Char- lotte and myself. (The Letter is signed by Charlotte Tribe's husband.) JOSEPH NEUROKE EVANS. Directions. Hbnry Tribe, Gait, Upper Canada. From Tliomas Adsett, formerly of Northchapel, to TJiomas Scuttj his Father in law, Bignor, near Pet worth. September Wi. 1832. Dear Father, I am sorry to be the messenger of bad news : but we are in a land of disappointment : if we go to bed at night, well and hearty, we may not rise in the morning alive. 19 April 11th. Sot sail from Portsmoiitli. Fair wind for sanio days. Childroii and Wife <|ui(r \n*ll, self quitr sicl , and so I continued for a month. May ilHh. Harriet faik'd with the hoopinjjr cou^h, and continued ^ettiiij^ worse : wife and the children quite well, all the way over. Juuc 2, reached Quebec: 7th. to Montreal ; after a pa-.saufe of 8 weeks and 1 day ; and almost all the Avay very rout^-h sea. Here we left tiie Melville, and took the Durham JJoats : here we was put hard to it, beinjjj exposed to the weatlier until wc reached York. lOth. reached Vork : Harriet kept <^etting worse : we did not stop at Vork above .5 or G hours : next came to Hamilton : wife failed in eatinpf : left and came to Waterloo : child very bad ; wife quite poorly ; and kept gettini^ worse. July 1st. Harriet died. 2nd. wife very bad. 3rd. died. The doctor said, that it was the scarlet fever : the other children all well. Sarah (2^ years old) a gentleman by the name of Chapman, a Carpenter, came and took her, the 7th. Charles (6 years old) is at a Weavers : Emma (7 years old) is at Mr. Tottles, in Dumfries ; and are well ; and like the place (piitc well. I get plenty of work, at 5s. York, that is 2s. 3^ of your money, and board. Here is plenty of whisky, at Is. per quart ; here is no beer ; and the water is not so good in many places as in England. They live in (juite a different way to what they do in the old country ; but they li\e much better. The produce is wheat ; oats ; winter barley ; rice ; Indian corn ; and potatoes ; but this is truly the wooden world. If we find so many houses as at Crouch, we should think that we should be in a city : the houses are about half a mile a part. Here is plen y of pheasants ; and pigeons ; and deer, that will weigh ^0 stone ; and bears ; foxes ; wolves ; and hares. I can . ay no more at present. Write to me as soon as possi- ble, and send word how they all are. Direct, Thomas Adsett, Gait, Dumfries, U. Canada, N. America. From Simeon Titmouse, who, together with several others, vient from Bassingbourn, Cambridgeshire, with the Pet- worth Party. Dundas, Upper Canada, North America, Sept. nth. 1832. Dear Sir, After we left home for America, we were seven weeks before we reached Quebec, and about a fortnight after, we arrived where we now are. Our passage was very rough, D I'v 90 l)iit \\v laiulr enticing, being principally woody. The hcises are not ;io comfortable as at home ; as they are all wooden ones ; o, mostly so. Land may be purchased at 1 ^ dollars to 4 dollars an acre ; un- c 'eared ; or, in other words, a perfect wood : cleared farms vill cost much more an acre. \Vm. Bku:! has not engaged for the month yet ; but has ^ a dollar a .lay, for every (lay lie works, and has had \Tork most of the time ; but the work we have to do is quite different to what it was at home. John Shambrink, ai d John Racher live about two miles from lis: Racher is engaged for a year, 115 dollars his wages; liouse rent free ; ^ acre of land for a garden ; and fire wood lound gratis. Shan;i)rink has had tlie ague; and his daughter is living where I am engaged by the month. The country is discouraging at first, but the longer one is in it, the better one begins to like it. Any stout, hard labouring man, with a family, nuiy do better in this country for them, than he can do at home : but remember ; he will have to work pretty hard and long days. But abundance of trouble and disappointment await those who come at first, and it takes a little time, and patience to get over them ; and many a one loses his life in tlie enccmnter, either by sickness or misfortune ; but I am happy to tell you, we are all safe and well. Simeon Titmouse and \Vm. Blocs live in the same village, (viz. Dundas) and * I rom h()!nc; re, tliiiii ill > could ill iiontli, iiiul I witli tiie «tav some t ; but this Hubjeet to lericji very , beef, io. Land lere ; un- reil farms it en«(aged every day the work at home. niles h'om is wages ; fire wood 5 daughter le country the better ui, with a an he can retty hvird jointnient time, and his life hi but I lun Titmouse idus) and [are] engnc^ed in working as above stated. Summers :uv Ijottrr here ; and we are told, winters are colder, aiid lout^er, llui'i in Kui.'-laiul. A good cow may hi' purchased from 'A to 4 j)()uiuls : a[)pl(."s, in abundance, about Is. per bush'.'l ; but with all these appearaiu'cs of t'.iings being chca[), they Jire dear enough in proj)ortion to the money we receive ; because thi'y oi'ten pay uagt-s by shop goods, either eatables, or wear- ing aj)|)arel. l^lea>>e gi\e our best remembrances and resprrts to all Iriends, particularly fathers and mothers, brothers and sisters atid remain Dear Jackson Yours very faithful SLMiCON TiTxMOUSE. Wni. Blocs' wife was coniined at Montreal ; a little girl; (]uite well and hearty: this event took ])lace on the 4th. •June, 18ii2 : she had a very good time, and got 'ery good friends. Please to let ns hear trom you as soon as convenient niter receiving this ; aiul ac inclined to come, 1 think it would be better for you ; for 1 think you will get [a] bet- ter living here than you ever will in Englantl. I ^^ ill find you a home for you, till you can suit yourselves better. I am going to write to my brother in London, and 1 should wish for you to let all my friends see tliis letter ; and I should be very glad to hear from you, as soon as you could make it convenient to write : so no more at present, from your affectionate son, WILLIAM SPENCER. So adieu. p * if 25 any one Jon i!,uni ■ 1. Lucas ( L' to me: and are ' of pro. lirjranis. w. 'Qil safe e Conn- i ie road, '4 TruUer; A-ugust: she de- ttended ry kind, I have i},':. i? good I think 'a] bet- ill find 'J tter. I should Jg and I u could t, from F/v.n neorrje Boxall (Sawyer) and his Wife, and JFm. TilJeyj, (his Wifes brother) tvho went front LuryashaU, Sussex ', to Jame>i I'illey, Pettvorth. Dear Fathers ; Mothers ; Brothers ; and Sisters. * * We arrived safe in York, in Upper Canada ; and we travelled up the country, and were settled near VVni. Spencer, and my brother ; and we have got plenty of work, of sawing of steam boats ; and we gets good pay for it ; and we like this country much better than old Knghmd. My dear Alfred grows; and gets fat ; and funny ; and hearty : thank God for it. Dear father ami mother, Hannah and James Tilley : if you feels any ways inclined to come out, and my brother William Boxall, I think it would be better to get [a] living [here] than in England : but I shall not persuade you, against your inclination . but, if you comes, 1 will find you a home, till you can better yourselves. Boys aiul girls can have good places here ; and I should be glad if you would let all my friends see the letter. Write to me as boon as you can. Remem- ber me to Mr. and Mrs. , Mr. , and Miss , Mr. , and to all of my enquinng friends. '^riiere is but one tlung grieves us : that will be leaving E izabeth in\\ *Crank behind : and, if you comes, pray leave my poor mother, at Heidy, a sovereign; a:ul I v/ill pay you again. Be sure and do not forget the directions. So no more, at present, from your afteetioiuite sons aiul daughter, Wm. Tii.LEY, Mary and George Boxall. So adieu. This is the prices of this country. Barrel of flour, 196 lbs. price £1. 5,9. Pork, 3//. per lb. Best green tea, 3^. 9d. Best butter, 7^^^- Sugar, ^^d. Tobacco, l.s\ a pound. Best nmttoii and beef, 2k/. a po\md. We makes our own soap, and candles. Price for work ; sawyers, \0s. per hundred ; single men a])out .i;20. at farming. If you comes, be sure and do not conic ur-'ler any superintendent, but mind, and buy plenty of flour; iiud bacon; and good cheese; tea: sugar ; butter ; currants ; raisins ; [and] tol)acco. Buy ycmr iurnishings at Portsmouth. Get your flour in barrels; pack up all your goods, as you can iron hoop your boxes ; and corii tl)em strong; do not trust no locks. Direct as follows. U'illiaui Spencer, Mr. Jacob Truller's, Township of Nelson, County of llalton. District of Gore, Upper Canada, North America. * His sister EJhabeth's husband. 26 September '2\th. 1832. Dbar Brother, I now take this opportunity of ^vTiting a few lines to you, for to let you know that I am well at present, hopini^ that when these few lines reach you, they will find you all in good healtii. We had a safe arrival across the ocean, landing at Quebec, thence up the river St. Lawrence, to Fort George, where there were several of us stopt, about twelve miles back in the country, where we expect to tarry for the winter ; and the rest have gone on about a hundred miles further, into the country. We have all had the fever ague that stopped here, but we are getting over it; T am getting quite right again ; and I feel happy that I ever took the reso- lution to leave my native home, [for] a country far easier to get an easy, and honest living. I feel happy to think that we are here. Dear brother, we have not landed among thieves, nor robbers, but among christian people, where we can hear the gospel preached. 1 have nothing to regret, only that my friends were not here, and as %vell suited with the country as 1 am. I wished to [be] remembered to Mr. Charman, and Hannah Charman. I feel a desire to see you all, and 1 think, if I have my health a few years, to pay you all a visit. Dear brother, I wished to be remembered to James Francis, and Mary White, and to my brother Daniel : I should feel happy if he were here with me now. Joseph Leggett is well, and wishes to be remembered to all his enquiring friends; and William Moore and his brother is well. Brother, I don't know but I shall come to see you next fall, or the spring following. We left Richard Neal* at Little York. Brother, I hope you will improve the first opportunity of \vriting to me, as I have nothing more to write at present, but I remain, your affectionate brother. ELIAS ELLIOTT. To Mr. Richard Elliott, Sutton. * He afterwards went to Dundas, v. his letters. ii;.t '27 , 1832. few lines :, hopiiiiT . you all le ocean, !, to Fort it twelve y for tlie ed miles the fever n getting the reso- easier to [ that we ^ thieves, can hear f that my i country Dharman, 11, and I II a visit. Francis, lould feel eggett i» 2^ friends; r, I don't le spring Brother, riting to . remain, lOTT. ^s. From Martin Martin^ late of Fclphain, Sussev, Curpcntrr, who Einiffrated nuth the Petivorth Parti/ to Upper Canada^ an(t sailed f'roiii PortfuuoiUli in the Ship Lord Melnille^ April Wtk. 18)^2, takin;; with him his Wife and siv Chil- dren, to Mr. Sparks^ Feljdiam. Sussex. in Sill, You have, no doubt, expected to hear from me long before this time, but the reason I did not send sooner was, that I had not seen enough of the country. To give you a short description of our voyage; we had a very rough one, con- tliuially winds blowing against us: so much, that before we arrived to the banks of Neu rv>undlaud, we was above 7^)>) miles too far to the south .- aiul on the 2nd. May, about half past 4 o'clock in the morning, all at a sudden crusli, the whole of the births on the larboard sideof tne ship fell down but no one happened to be hurt, but caused a confusion tlie ship : thi. ))rought the captain to his senses ; for he never laid the ship to, till this happened : but from this time, till the next morning, she was laid to, under a close reefed main top sail. But I hope what 1 have said about this will not dishearten any one from crossing the Atlantic, for I as- sure you, thai T had so much confidence in a ship, that I M'ould give .e preference to travelling by water. We was just 8 weeks from Portsmouth harbour, till we arrived at Montreal, which town is a large, flourishing, and very fast im- proving place ; innnense quantities of merchandise exported and imported, to and from this place. ^\'e staid there a i^w (lays; and then we started in the boat for York in Upper Canada, which we reached in about a week. This passage is a very difticult one, on account of the different * rapids in the river St. Lawrence : and whoever should come this way to America, I should advise them to tra\el bv land from Mon- treal to Prescot, and wait there for their luggage ; and from Pre«cot to York, there is steam boats, which will take luggage and passengers in about a day and a half. But this land travel- ling will not do for a poor person. The expencc from Montreal to York, for one passenger, which is 450 miles, IDs. 7d. I ar- rived at York, th» capital of Upper Canada, and was much sur- prised to Bee such a large town : the trade, and the many great siiops of all sorts, is quite equal to Chichester; but the town 1 think is larger, s(nue of the streets 2t miles in length ; there I 8taye(' about a week, but did not like to settle there. I again set olf In the steam boat for ILunilton, which is quite at the Vest end of Lake Ontario ; and this is also a nourishing place, but a small town : here you will sec the farmers come £ i im 2S iiii t; 'i ji !ifi' ll(iinvill be while there is so many settlers com- ing out : and no labouring man need to be afraid to come : Avhen he gets to York, Captain Fitzgibbon will forward them to Hamilton ; but almost all the labourers get farms ; and I have never seen any body in distress, since 1 have been hi the country. There is a great many people that goes to the United States, but that is not so well tor a farmer, the taxes are so much higher, I believe I may tsay as much as 8 to I more t' m it is here ; but for all that, provisions is much cheaper, there than here : but for a mechanic, the United States is the best, but not so healthy. The climate here in the summer, is much the same as in England, but more fine weather : we had about a fortnight's very hot weather, in the beginning of July, but not but what we could work as well as you could, in the old country : but the winter, from what I can learn from people that has experienced it, is colder, but not at all unpleasant. 1 am very much deceived in the idea that I had formed about this country, as you may travel from the east to the west part of the province in tolerable good roads ; through towns and villages, and not at all lonesome. Whoever comes to this country, should pack all their luggage, that is not wanting in the voyage, in casks ; and it is best for poor people to board themselves, and to bring plenty of flour; it will be better than so numy biscuits; and plenty of potatoes. Since I have been writing of this, I have heard about the quality of the land in the Huron Tract, which is exceedingly good at 1^ dollars per acre. I think of gohig to see it. Mr. Huntly, the bearer of this, is waiting for it. I shall write to you again be- fore the winter is over, and let vou know what it is. I would thank you to make it known, that I intend to fulfil my promise in writing to several friends in Felpham, and its neighbour- hood. Here is certainly a good chance for farmers and labourers. The cholera has been very bad in several parts, this summer, but it is a little better noM'. So no more at present, from yom' obedient servant, M. MARTIN. •Gnelphy Upper Canada, North America. ^ejit. 2ith, 1832. i ^^H :\{) p. S. Mr. Iliintly, tlie bearer of this, has bought a good deal of hind in tlds townsliip, an^ in my hcirvcsi, &c. &(•. that 1 have hardly known which way to turn n)\fecJi. I have boui>lit 134 more acres of land, with 30 iit croj), and a loghouse to ])ut *Cliai^e into. 1 have now 36/ acres in all. The last lot is only 3^ miles from Guelph, oji the irauie road as my first purchase. Emigration has so greatly increased this year, lliit heiore this letter reaches you, all tne land within 8 miles ol Guelph, will be sold. It is, in nn' (pinion, a most braiitilul cou)itry, and excellent land. I am £>oina: to build a uood loiihous-e, to i>et into before the wiiiler ifcts in. My stock at jireseut, consists of 1 yol.e of cattle, 10 pigs, 1 cow and calf, 1 pony, Nepluiie, and another dog, 1 cat, andSOfowks, including hens and chickens. My land is paid for, cxccjiting the 100 acres bought of the Canada Couipany. The unproved land sells for much more than we co]u:iiveil in England : quite rough land sells for 17'^' ^d. per ere, if at all in a desirable situation . 1 have not been ui) to a Lake Huron ', therefore I can oidy speak from report ; but am told, land, of the best (pudity, sells for 1 \s. i5d. per acre. A labourer who ivent out with Mr, Heming, 31 it a good i to take v'uy witli ■i scvcnil oki'ii up; f forcii^ii , for that liim, and ibourcrs; hey mny ay for it; e of ex- ::rc. im Cana- h. 1832. arm. il, getting hich ^vay and, M'ith luvc now Guclph, n has so ches you, It is, hi hiud. I Iclore tlie yol.e of i.1 another My land Canada than we '. 6d. per 'cn lip to lort ; but ler acre. lu'om Win. PaiincI/, ir/to went from Kirdford^ Sussex, to JVm. Pannell, at Kvdford. October \Ath. 1&32. Dear Father a\u Motiieii, T have wrote these few lines to you, [hoping] to find you in |j;oo{l healtli, as it leaves [nie] at present. I liave been ver\' poorly, witli fever ant ; and I i^et plenty of • "-k ; and 1 ^vt about 'Ss. (jd. per day, juid jny bcnu'd : jiiid i no not get the highest wages at first ; and there is plenty of work, for them that conies. But I did not find it as them told us, by a good deal ; * but I am Avorking at carpenter's work, at present; but 1 [shall] have a few jobs at wheel making, in about a month's time. And I have got 100 acres of hnid; and I have 2 dollars an acre to pay for it ; and I have six years to paj' it in ; but half to pay at 3 years hence ; and it is very good land ; but it is very full of timber; and it is very large timber ; and there is a great deal of white oak; and red oak ; and white oak is very tough ; and there is white ash ; and sugar maple : that is, what they get sugar out of. And we have [)lenty of game in America ; plenty of deer ; and turkeys ; pheasants; partridges; and black s(piiri-els ; and red squirrels ; and there is all sorts of wild animals; a great many bears, and wolves ; but they will not medciie with anj^ body : they will run away from you, as fast as they can: but the bear, if set by a dog after them, they will run up trees. And there is the finest river in Ame- rica, as I CA er saw; and there is [the] finest waterfall at Nia- gara : it falls for 100 feet down; anil is about f mile wide. It is near Chii)pewa. And the Cholera has been very bad in America; but it is all done. And old Mr. Rapley is dead. William Ha.-lett is dead too. And if any one comes to this country, they should notbrhigany axes; for they will not do for cuiting down trees ; but hand bills are very good. Desire to remember me to all my acquaintances : and I should like to hear from all ; and when you write, I should like to hear from John Baker, and Henry Hellyer, and Benjamin Barns, * Meaning, that he did not find so much work at his own husi- 7iess, fa wheelwright) as he expected ; and this may be accomtted for, by his having gone up into a part of tlie country, where wheels are not yet much used. I i 1 If ;^2 •and remember [me] to James Mitchenor; and James Ilellycr ; and, when you write to me, direct the letter to me, at Mr, JMoulton's, London District, in Upper Canada : I should l)e near tluit place. There is a great numy fish in the rivers ; but WT had a long voyage over sea. \A e were 8 weeks going from Portsmouth, to Montreal. Uuebec is about 450 miles nearer England ; but \vc are about 7^ miles from Uuebec ; and from Mojitrcal, '250; York, 150 miles, up the Country. Wm. PANNELL. Jane Smart died witb cholera, at Prescot. William Baker is with me, when 1 write this letter. Thomas Thomas is very well, and family. James Thomas, they are all very ■well. Benjamin Bachelor is very well. William Baker desires [to be] remembered to his father and mother, and all the family; but he should like to see his brother Thomas, over here next summer. 1 should like an answer back, as soon as you can write. William Baker should have an an- f \^ er from his friends. Tell them to direct a letter to the same place. I should like to see some Kirdford people over ; hut I v,ill not persiuide them, but it is a great deal better than F^rijiiand. Every one that comes out, has got MX) acres of ja!!(i, at 2 dollars an acre. It is as good land, as any in i'Lngland ; but, if any body comes out, they should bring out some lucern seed, bent seed, tares. There are all sorts of grain, but them. If any body comes out, they should not lay it * out in England, for they can get cloathing very near as cheap. We have not any singing birds in this country, but the toads and frogs mount the trees, and ting very delightful- ly. There is no rubber, to sharpen scythes, in this country. So no more, from your affectionate son, Wm. PANNELL. From John Allen Tribe, tvhc ivcnt from Chiddhi^old, Surrey y with his brother Jmiita Tribe, and his Lncle, Thomas Tribe, Township oj Sovthwold, London Bistrict, Upper Canada, October \Ath. 1832. Dear Friend, * * * We lost our passage from Coburg, 250 miles, to where I rm now. IViy brother was in the schooner, and my box, or eli-e 1 would not gone up bo * Meaning money. Hellycr ; e, lit Mr, should be V rivers ; H'ks fifoing 450 miles I Uuebec ; jountry. '. William IS Thomas ■e all very [im Baker er, and all r Thomas, T back, as avc an an- tter to the ople over ; setter than K) acres of as any in bring out ill sorts of should not very near juntry, but delightful- is country. .L. \ld, Snrretjy Ic, Thomas m District, 1832. [ssage from ther was in Igone up 60 fur : S!) I, and my uncle, and two more, came up by lantf, walking thnmgh the woods ; finding all kind oi' wild aniuuils: we slept in the woods, two nights : we made a large lire, to keep the wild bears from us. The place that the vessel was going [to] was, to Kettle Creek, Upper Canada. We arc all ab()\it the country. 1 know not where any of them tiiat came witli us, is, but niv l)r()ther and uncle: some is one place, and some is another; but I am in a good place now; I get 4*20. a year, and every thing t'ound me, but clothes: my brother gets i/M5 a year, and every thuig but clothes found him: my uncle gets ()D dollars a year, and every thing found him, but clothes. l<'iata])les is very cheap in this country, and labour is dear. You have heard the price of it before, so I did not send the price. Give my love to Charles Parkins, and lot liim see this letter. Charles, I have sent you a few lines, to tell you, that a shoemaker is a good trade in this coun- try ; leather is about as cheap as it is England, but not so good ; a shoemaker may earn a dollar and iialf a day, if he will work : and I wish all the young men that is in Chiddingfold, was here in Caiuida ; for there is a good living for every one that comes here ; not as 1 will persuade anv one to come here, but if any of them comes, I shi>uld like to see them : for, the most trouble is, coming over here, a;ui up the country, for there is great trouble and fatigue. A rarpou- ter, anil a blacksmith, and a shoemaker, are three good tnules in this country. Clothes is very dear j cotton and e;i!u\> ia the dearest. The living is very good, in this country : tlure is plenty of whisky, brandy, rum, and gin, and all \o;y cheap. I can get a pint of brandy for two shillings, York : a pint of whisky for one shilling, York. York money is not like yours ; one shilling, English ; is two shilUngs, York; all but one penny. This is a line c(mntry ; and a free country ; you can go where y(m like here, and no one to hinder you ; shoot anything as you see, of wild fowl : and there is plenty [of ] deer, there is a great many of them. James is very sick at present, with the ague : every one that come into this coun- try have it, but 1 have not had it, yet. There is no church Avithin ten miles of us, now ; but we have got a place of worship togoto: it is a log house, and there they keep school for boys, and girls. Where I live, is about a mile from the Lake Erie, port Talbot. Give my love to my aunt and uncle, give my love to Mr. Elliot, and to Mr White and Mrs. White. Give my love to Harriet Jones, and to Mary Ann White, Give my love to Mr. Sadler, and tell him that it was the best thing he could do for me, when he sent nic here ta '"J\i '^ Canada, North America. Give my lovo to all tliut is in the house, hoth youiisjf and old ; atul i^ivo my love lO William Fielder, and all your children. Tliomas Tribe is very well ; and he sends his love to his sister, and lie will send her a let- ter in a short time. I should send more, hut had not time ; BO no more at present, from your humble servant, JOHN ALLEN TRIBE. If you sends, please to direct for me, John Tribe, Township of Southwold, London District, Upper Canada. To be left at the Post Office, Port Stanley, till called for. For Mr. George Fielder, Hambleton House, Hambleton, Godalming, Surrey, England. From Ann, the v'lfe of Edmund Thomftff, who iveiit from Klrdford, to her father, Thomas Puttock. October Voth. 1832. My Dear Father, I write these few 11 to hoping to find Inies in good health, as, thaidc God, it leaves us at present. We had a very long voyage over. We were 1) weeks on the seas. We landed the 7th. of June. We were tossed about very much indeed. The 3rd. of May we all thought of being lost ; the births all fell down, from one end of the ship to the other ; and I was not well after that, till I was confined, and that was on the 3rd. of June. I got about again quite as soon as I could expect. It is a fine boy, and goes on well. I am happy to tell you, that America is (juite as good as we expected to find it. Edmund has had plenty of work, ever since we have been here. We have no reason to repent leavhig England, at present, and I hope we never shall. He has earned 3*. {)d. a day, and his board ; and, sometimes, not so much. Give my love and Sarah's [her sister] to my brothers and sisters. Sarah is about 30 miles from me, in service, and is doing very well. Give Edmund's love to his father and mother, and all. Thomas [Thomas] and James [Thomas] are about 100 miles [off] they are all well, and send their love to all. If Thomas and William [her brothers] should come out next spring, it is Sarah's and my wish for you to come with them ; as I think we should [be able] to help support you here. The worst of it will be getting over. Edmund's brothers has got 100 acres of land each. We might have 100 acres, if we Xi likivl to f(() where it is ; l)ut we dfm't iiUo ti) leave the pliiee where we are, at present. The cholera has h(vii very had indeed in tliis eoiiotry, hut thatiU (iod, not o.irof us has had it. Henry Sin;irt's wife is dead ; and hotii his children : she was fOMiiued the same ni;^ht that I was. Pie; thank Mr. (Jreethani for his kindness to us, an;! I lie will do the same for you, if you shoidd come. W'e haw .atl a very fine suiumer, hut hotter tiian in Kniifland, and tliey say, the wi iter is mueh colder, hut there is one ij^reat comfort here ; we have as much wood as we like to hurn. If you should come, you had hetter send us a letter on, when you iit four o'ch)ck, she Mas taken very ill ; and said, if there Mas not an alteration soon, she should scon be goi e ; and 1 Mtnt v.r.d g( t a doctor to her, hut he gave a very poor account of her. As !;oon as he see her, tliC doctor said, he M ould do all he coi;U! lor her, and, I believe he did. All the le^-t Mcnt cut in the sterni hvdi, the next n oining { t (3 o'clock ; and left n.e, all alone. I a] j^lic d to *i doctors, hut tv.o ( f llum said, it Mas i o use ; llity Mould not pay any attention at all tolier; hut tlie <;lher did : and done all he (cii-d for her. I'e told ne, it Mas no v.ic: she hj;d the eho- 1 era ai d she could not live, hut a 1ca\ liurs. bhe Mas in- sensible, at th,at tine; but, at 10 o'clock, she came to her fcciii-es ; and t.ilked to me for an honr : sl;c told me the Mas going ; she told me r.ot to fret for her ; she should be better (if, tlian 1 Mas: hut ;tll she M'anted of me, Mas, to prcHi.ise her, to take as good care of her child, as I had dene of her j * in Sussex this word means livcfy, chccr/ui. r.9 wliicli I promised her I would. So she died that day, at 12 o'clock, the 'ioth. June. She died ; and never mentioned, father ; mother ; sister ; nor brother ; any more than her sister, Martha, who was dead and ^one, and who said, on her death beil, that she would soon be after her ; and she Avas i>oinjjr. 8he wanted to be burled in the M'ay her sister was, but 1 could not bury her so well as I could wish. About an hour before she died, Frederick was taken very ill, witli the bowel complaint, and died 8 days after. I was oblii^ed to ^o on to Hamilton, on account of the cholera, and I way still very ill, then ; but still, 1 kept about. 1 buried my wife at Prescot ; and my child, at Hamilton. I ain as nmch as two hundred miles, from where I buried my wife ; but my child, I can look upon every week. I kept about all this time, but after, I was confinetl to my bed, for a week, wliich the doc- tors said, was brought on me, by trouble. Remember me to Charles and Ann Street. Tell Ann, I am very sorry her words are come so true, as she told me before I was married. Jane told nie not to rt Hect upon her dyhi^ out of England ; she did not think she died, any the sooner lor that. Tell Ann Street ; that I am very sorry, I have heard the worst account of her brother, of any, that is come out. I shall see him, next week ; and I shall p:ive it him. He is as much as a hun- dred miles from me, but I am a iijoiniif up next week, and I shall see him. So no more from me at pri'sent, HENRY SMART. W To Jaines^ the Son of Mr. Nnj'pcVf to nhcm the above was uddresaed. James Natter, This comes, with my kind love to you, and all the family. 1 hope this will find you all in j^ood health, as it leaves n.e at present. Remend)er me to ji!l my brothers and sisters, if }ou please, and to Charles l^roekburn, and Ivlary Court, Gunshot; and to all en(|uirhu>; friends at home; and tell them of my doNMifall ; as they have heard before. 1 don't rei)ent of leaving England at ail, because my wife did not ; no more vvoidd not you, if you was once to get here. I should be happy to see you here, and Tom liaker, and sister Rhoda, and lier family. I don't persuade you to come, but I should be glad to see them, for 1 know they would do nuicli better here than there. Ask my sister, Rhoda, if she will accept this little present ; and tell her she must keep it, till '1^ ;; iri, BH 'I IS ; { Bee her again. If she don't come here, I intend to coinc to England, after a few years, if life lasty ; but never more, not to stay. You need not dread the Avater, I don't at all. 1 should take a deal of pleasure on the wator, had it not been for my ill luclw Look to that book, that you got of me, about the country, * for I fully agree with it. Tell Matthew Puttick, that he can keep three such families, as he has got, in this country, better than he can keep one, there. Tell David Smart, I saw Tom Mitchell, about a week ago. They are all well, and doing well ; and "^('om says ; he never wants to come to England any more. If any of you comes out, don't buy a parcel of clothes, to bring here. If you do, you will lose money by it. You can get them fully as cheap here. I would not advise you to bring out any thing, excep- ting blank s, and flannel. Why you think things are so dear, here, ' ; because, on account of the money ; thirteen pence, of your money, is two shillings, here. \Vrite me an answer, as soon as you can, if you please, and kt me know all the news you can, and how the cholera is there ; for it has been rery bad here ; and let me know who talks of coming out, as well as you can. If you, or any of my rela- tions, come out, I will do all I can for them, at first com- ing. They shall not want for a bed, nor for something to eat, when they once get to me. You need not be afraid of com- ing out here, on account of not getting a wife. You can get one, of any country, and any colour you like. You can come here, and go back again in a few yeiu's, a better man, than c- ver your father was. If you aie not here by the 5 July, I shall be gone from here, buimy directions will be, at Mr Gurnett's, which you will see, as you go up the town. At present Matthew Crooks Esq. Ancaster, Upper Canada,. On the same sheet, from Henry Smart, to James and Charles Rapley. James and Charles llapley, Gownfield, there, or else- where. I have heard from your brother, "William : but your father is no more. He has been dead about five weeks ; but you need not fret about your younger brothers, and sisters, for they will do better than you will, if you bides there, William is very steady ; and takes a father's part, well, by what I have heard. 1 have not seen them, since they have been in this country, yet; but 1 shall see them all, next Meek, * Doyle's Hints to Emigrants, il From JImry Smart to the Rev. L K. Greethauif Vicar of Kirdford. Mr. Greetham, I am much obllfijed to you, for what you have (lone for mo. I wanted to bei( one more favor, if you ploiise; tliat is, T shall he much obli^-ed to you to take my register out, atid send it to me, if possibly you can. You will fiud it in the church at Ivirdford ; but you must look back, as much as nine and twenty years. I for;:]fot to say before, as Wm. Haslett is dead; but he has been dead as much as three weeks. No more from your humble servant, at present, HENRY SMART. On the same sheet y from William Baker, late of Kirdford. Dear Mothbr, * * * I am very sorry to do, as I have done. When I left Montreal, I left my sis- ter very ill ; little thoni^ht but I should see her again. Not but wliat I am satisfied, she was done as well by, as if I was there; for Henry attended to her, both night and day, while we was aboard the ship, and so he did afterwards, to all account. I never saw my brother, till three weeks ago j and then I had cut off one of my fingers, and very near, another. I could not work, and 1 got out of money ; antl my sister troubled me : so I was determined to find him out, if I could. I tra- velled down to Ancaster, a hundred miles, and 1 begged my way, (though I never wanted any thing) for three days, and there 1 heard of him. He was very angry with me at first, but I owned myself in fault. 1 staid with him four days, and he relieved me with seven dollars. Then I started back up the country, and I will never leave him, for so long a time, any more. My fingers are got nearly well, and I shall soon be able to go to work ; and I can do a great deal better here, than I can at home ; and I should be very glad to have my brother Tom come out. So no more from me, at present. Wm. BAKER. On the same sheet, from Frank Nash, late of Kirdford. Frank Nash, to his mother and father. He is well, and doing well ; and, never means to come to England, any more; unless his cousin, Henry, does. He takes me as his friend, and tells me, he will do as I wants him to do, and he will do very well. Direct to Henry Smart, Ancaster, Upper Canada^ (and say) by the first packet ijhip, for New York. '■-• I H I /'! h; '■I tl; ■m !>;!' t& ■ I 42 From Richard Neal, to his father WWimii Ncnl. See p. 5. Dmulas, Novembei' 18///. 183:2. m * Dear Father and Mother, * * I sent vou a letter, in July ; but I hjive not had any answer, yet ; but I liope you will send me one, soon. Dear Friends, I hope, if any body is couiinjjf to America, you will give them my directions, and let them come to Dun- das. I sent Echuund Ilarwood a letter, last sunday, by a man that is comiiig to Enghnid, and I hope, if you receive the letter you \vill go to Littleliampton, and so, l\is name is Reeves. I have not seen Joseph Leggatt, or Elias ElHott, since I left York ; but I heard from tiieni, last week ; they are getting on, very well. I hear they have hired for t^velve months, but I shall go and see them, in the winter, wheii I cannot work. Charles Hilton is about 1(K) miles further up, than I. He took IW) acres of land. The 5th. of November, my Master was buried, which I worked for, ever since I have been in Canada : his name was, Thomas Pope, from North- hamptonsiiiro, England. He has been here, 5 years : he left tin'ee children, in England, when he came to America : he have, a fifty acres of land, and a house : it is all to be sold ; and debts paid ; and the rest of the money, sent to England, for the children : he owes me, about £15. but I ex- pect to be paid, in two weeks. 1 have took ^>is Avork. I have lour men, to work for me, and I have work enough for two more, if I could get them. Bricklayers gets, "s. dd. per day. I never seems contented here, as I was in England. I do not like Canada, so well as England ; but in England, there is too many men ; and here, there is not enough : there is more work than we can do, here. There is a long winter, here ; and very cold, they tell me ; but, if I live to next spring, I shall be able to tell you more about it : here have been snow and frost, here, but it is mild now. I expect we sliall not be able to work, more than 3 weeks longer. AVe have pkMity plastering to do. Tell my brother William ; if he feels inclin- ed to come, here is plenty of work, and good wages : but I will not persuade any body, to come, without they like : but here is plenty to cat, aad drink ; and cheap : but there is a great many don't like this country, nor more do I, mj'^self : but I can get plenty [of] work here, and 1 cannot in England, without it [is] altered since I was there. I can earn £'2. 5s. a week, English money, if 1 have my health. * * I am your dutiful son, RICHARD NEAL. AH From Mary, the dauylUer ofTlioiuas Holder , Widower ^ who ivent from Kirdford, Sussea^ivith 7 children. To Scrjf. Holdeu, 2iid. Regt. Tower Hamlets Militia. paper, before it left The headinj^ was written on the England. DE.vu uROTiiER, — fVhen you are in Canada, fill thin up, and send it to me', send all the news you can; say the truth, and nothing but the truth. Surah Holden, Slinfold near Hors- ham, Sussex, England. Dear Friends, This conies witli our kind love to you all, hoping to find you all in good herdth, as, thank God, it leaves us alive, and well at present. We were all very sea sick, and had a very long and rough voyage. On the 2nd. of May, about half past 4 in the morning, the sea was very rough, and tlie ship was tossed, so that the berths, on our side, fell from one emlofthe ship to the other, but no owe was hurt a great deal. We were driven so much towards the north, we had very hard frosts and snow, and it M'as very cold, and we often thought that we should go to the bottom ; but our heavenly father, that awful Protector of persons, brought us safe to land at last* We were six weeks getting to Quebec: we did not go a shore there ; we landed at Montreal, and we were then towed up the river by Durham boats to Prescot, and then in steam packets to York, and from York, 350 miles, in schoon- er vessels to Kettle Creek. And we M'ere then carried in waggons up the country, Q^ miles. It was the 22nd. of July, when we got to where w^e are settled. Father has got 100 acres of land, and has to pay for it two dollars per acre, in six years time. Father thinks of getting in two acres of wheat this year. We have got a cow. Father gave 30 dollars for her. We expect to find very hard times this winter. We have ten miles to go for flour, and all our provisions, but I hope, please God will help us through it this winter. The Gentleman is going to have a log house put up for us. Ann, and Harriet, and Ruth, have got places 40 miles from us. Fa- ther says, he can sec a good prospect of doing well after a few years. It is good land. Father sends his kind love to all of you, and hopes that you will make up your minds, and take a good resolution and come here, for here is a good prospect of doing well, and getting a good living. Father says he would not come back to England again for no respects. Dear ^ m2 7 44 !l I ' ^1'' i'i friends, if v the Rev. Robert Ridsdale, Rector of that parish. [Written on a sheet of paper, ivhich Mr. Ridsdale had directed to himself, and given to the mamvhen he went aivai/.] December 2Ut. 1832. (In the early part he speaks of the voyage &c. and mentions the death of his wife and youngest child, see p. 18.) *" * * * My son Charles is with [me] , and I am going to bind him to be a tanner, with the man 1 am now living with : and my oldest daughter is in a very good place, and my other little girl is in another place, near the other, and will remain there, till Hr'\ be able to do for themselves ; they are people that has no children of their own, and was very glad they could get them, from me : so that I shall have no more trouble, but go and see them, u hen I please ; and if it had not been that I had lost my wite, I could have [been] more comfortable. I thank God, that my children has got two such good homes as they have, and I am a great deal contenter, than in England, and can make a good living. 1 can live better with working one day, than in Eng- land in seven, and there is a great many people living near me, that comes from the same place that I did ; and it is a very healthful place, and the climate good : the land is in middling way, for being good.; and some raises very good crops. [Here comes an account of produce and prices, much thesam:'.asin many others.'] The people where we are, they are moot Dutch, and a great many English and Scotch. All people in this country that will work, may gain property very fast, with care, and industry. The country is increasing with ministers, and hearers very fast, and I think, the people in this country is seeking after religion more than in England, ])ut they have more time, and enjoys more pleasure, than in England. There is little or no tax in Canada ; but we can have the goodness of it, ourselves: we do not have to take a piece of dry bread, in our pockets, and go to our 6d. a day work here ; but we go to eat with our master and mistress.; and have the best that the world can afford of all kinds, and spirits, and ale on the table, every time we sit down to eat. All the farmers that I see, is independent, and has plenty ; and I wish that the poor people in England had the leavings of their tables, that goes to the dogs, and hogs ; they live better than most of the farmers in England; that is, our dogs. I do not see any body going from door to door, like in Englands, n I 4() that would be a tlis;^rjicc to the country, and the people that is in it. I must conclude, U-t I have not room ou my sheet to write. I hope that you wiJl be so kind as to send for my fa- ther, or let him see it, if he is spared in the world ; and tell my poor old father to send me a letter back, and direct for Thomas Adsett, Waterloo, Gait, Post Office, Halton. Direct your letter to, province of Upper Canada, Halton County, Gore district. Gait post office. To the Rev. Robert Ridsdale, Northchapel, near Godalniin^, Surrey, England. n! ■ TTie letters from which thefollountig extracts irere made, have coniQ into the hands of the Committee, since the above were printed. Extract of a letter from William Phillips, ivho vent from Merston, Sussex, Adelaide, Upper Canada, July28lhAm2. Dear Father and Mother. [The first part contains an account of the voyage as far as York.] Here [York] they put us on board .S schooners. Two went to Hamilton: * they are not got here yet: ours went across the Lake into the Welland canal, only 18 miles long, and only 37 locks in it, to Chippewa, 2 miles above the falls, which I went under to see, down a well stair case, 172 steps. I have heard Eden say, you could turn a waggon there, but it must be a very small one. Here we was towed by oxen, 9 miles up the Niagara river, opposite to Buffalo ; there the Yankey doctors came to inspect us, but would not suffer us to cross the river j here we staid 6 days for a fair wind ; then sailed for Kettle Creek, or Port Stanley, I7O miles, where we landed on the 6th. of July, but was not allowed to cross the river, on account of Mrs Hilton being sea sick. They brought us boards, to make us shantcys, and victuals to eat : we now went by land, to Delaware, 25 miles, to Colonel Mount's : he had orders from * Those ivho went by them, settled at, and near Dundas, An-, caster, Gait, Guclph, S^c. I fv ', I, [)ple that sheet to »r luy fa- aiid tell lirect for 1. , Haltoii lade, have the above cent from ?7' Canada^ 1832. vage as far Tm'o went across the and only s, which I t)s. I have it must be iles up the ey doctors the river ; for Kettle on the 6th. account of Is, to make land, to ders from undas, An-. York, to let us have KX) atnvs of liiiul cacli, in \hv lownslilp of Adelaide at 2 dollars per acre : one fourth to bo paid in li years time, and the remainder in 3 years more. This is said to be the best land in Upper Canada ; it is well watered and level, not astoue to be seen, they say, for forty miles. I have plenty of timber on my land: some of the trees will square or 7 feet; 89 feet from the roots without a branch. Dear father, I hope you will come and help me next summer ; and bring me all sorts of seeds that ltows in Eniclaud ; \ ou had better stay till after harvest, and bring some cuttings of gooseberries apples and grapes, thtit i may have some Knglish fruit, j ou can bring tliem in a tub. Dear father, I would not advise you to come here, if I did not know it would be to your advan- tage, even if you spend your last shilling to get here : and bring uncle Carpenter with you, and he, nor you will never repent coming here, for I can get you both a farm, if you want one ; and you can earn money enough, in one year, to pay for it yourself. Dear father, \\'i!liam Cooper, and Edward Boxall, and his wife, and I lives together, and works on our own land: we shall sow G acres of wheat this fall, and more iu the sjjring : their friends live at Grairham ; some of them will come here next year, and I hope you will come with them. 1 muht concldue w ith my kind love to you, and all enquiring friends. ISo no more at present from your dutiful son, WILLIAM PHILLIPS. Direct to William Phillips, Township of Adelaide, Upper Canada, to be left at Colonel Mount's, Delaware, North America. Frcin Ili-mphrey Cooper, shoemaker, who went frovi Fittle- vurth, i^lnssex, with his wife and 3 children. To Mr. J. Turner, Fitt/eworth. York, October 25///. 1832. Sir, [In the beginning of the letter he states, that altho' he miffht have had land near Lake Simcoe, hefonnd that he could not settle there comfortably , without more capital than he at present possesses.'] * * * * * So 1 thought I had better give up all thoughts t)f lund, and go on with shoemaking, which I think it is the moyt prolltabie trade here: the journeyman's wages are versy t,; f?i f m d I 1 ■ml I' :l I IS Tiigh ; if you put out the Ix'st top boots to make, tliey arc jt*l. 5h. making: wellinj^ton hoots 14s: and common boot* that people wear, instead of hi!;li shoes, are "s. ()d. making, women's h)\v shoes Hs. I have got more work than I can do myself. 1 am happy to tell you, I never had a better chance in my life to do well. We have got a nici* house, built up on purpose for us ; it belongs to an English gentleman : the rent is high ; we pay jL'2(). a year, and a favor to get it ; as if vou go for a single room, you will not get one under 7s. Gd. per week. We have had every thing to buy for om* use, which have been a great expence ; we now have got a stove to get, for the winter ; as the cold is so great, every body haves them in their houses. The cold weather lasted / months last winter, and snow laid on the ground Hi weeks * The people say it is nice dry weather, though cold: flannel must not be sptired. * * * In respect to trades ; journeyman's wages are very high ; from 5 to 7^- per day, and the meanest laborers have 3s. 9d. per day. Meat is reasonable, beef 3A per lb. good stakes 5d. hog-meat Sh per lb. bullocks heart 7id. spirits and wines are as dear here, at the inny, as in England ; but if you go to a store house, you can get a quart of port wine, for 15d. a quart •of whiskey for 9d. brandy Is. 6d. and 2s. per (juart. I have a great wish for William [his son] to come over, as soon as an opportunity serves, as 1 know that here is a good chance for him to do well, if he have a mind to it, or any other per- son that is industrious, that comes over. My wife, and my- self and family, wishing you health and hai)piness, and to all enquiring friends. I hope, some time, I sliall have an oppor- tunity of coming to England, to see my friends. I am &e. HUMPHREY & C. COOPER. P. S. I am sorry there is so many people that comes out of England, gives the country a bad name ; it is that sort of people that won't work, and give their mind up to drhik and idleness. * TTie snow does not He so long by 3 ^veeks or a month at Adelaide, Niagara, or Gueljph. APPENDIX. CONTAIMNO Comparative Table of Duties, p. 50. ExTaACTs from Capteiimole — Aj^riculture — Industry — Poverty — Ardent Spirits — Upper Proviiiee preferable, p. 5F Snow and Frost — Clotbing — Warm Feet — Fur Caps — Air, dry — Western part of Upper Canada preferable — Deer — No' Game Laws — Bears — Wolves — Foxes, p. 52 Game — Pigeons — Wild Fowl — Turkeys — Geese — Duck* — Rice Lake — Snipes — Woodcocks — Fish — Fruit, p. 53. Laborers — Women Servants — Communications opening — Caution about Water at York — Lodging Houses wanted* p. 54. From Backwoodsman — Who to go to Canada ? — Large Family an advantage — All Artisans wanted — ^To go by Mon- treal — Take Seeds — Lose no time — Bears and Pigs. p. 55, Wild Turkeys — Pigeons — Fish — Spearing fish by torch- light — Comparison of E. and W. Sections, p. 57. Price of Labour — London and Western Districts — ^Tim- ber—Eat off Wheat, p. 58. Col. Talbot — Houses — Shanty — Loghouse — Farm House, p. 59. Education — Canada, or the United States ? — Allegiance- Conscience, p. 60. Freeholders — Markets — ^Taxation — Price of necessaries, and luxuries of life. p. Gl. From M'c Greoor — Saw Mills, p. 62, From Pickering — Religious Institutions, p. 62. Ecclesiastical Establishment — Church of England, p. 63 and 64. Scotland — Roman Catholic, p. 65. li .")() ii-'1'l Information iVoni Chief AgcMits for SuporlnteiRlcncc of Emigrants, p. 65. Rideau Canal opened — Families — Laborinii: Emigrants — Discharged Soldiers — Forwarding Agent. From Caxadian Courant — New Steamer to go up the Rapids above Montreal, p. (3/. For the information of Settlers — Conveyance to Mr. Mount, atCarrodoc, by Capt. Fitzgibbon. p. 7^^^- Work for Emigrants — Gratuitous Emigrant Committee at Yo:k. p. 71- Capt. Hale's Instructions, p. 72. Gazetteer, p. 8i. List of Books on the Cauadas and Emigration, p. 102. !■ Comparative view of the Duties, payable on Articles of European Maimfacture, consumed in the United States, and in the British North American Colonies. — (Adjusted to the new Tariff of 1833.) i- I BRITISH AMERICA. Ad Va. Woollen Goods (pr cent) 2\ Cotton Goods 2^ Silk Goods 2\ Linen Goods 2\ Leather Goods '2\ Earthenware & China . .2^ Hardware 2\ Iron and Steel Manu-j^i factures j ^ Iron in bars or sheets, ? ^j Cables, Anchors, &c. j - Salt free UNITED STATES. Ad Va. 10 to Jh (per cent) 25 to 125 5 to 40 25 30 to 100 20 to 30 25 to 30 .. 10 to 125 1(H) to 200 ( 5ciety, and tolerable roads ; all this exterit;ive tract of conntry w ill produce wheat crops, I think better in quality, and more abundant than the opposite shores of Ohio, and Michigan, and is not liehind Pensylvania in productiveness, although a nmch older state, the land in Canada lying rather higher from the lake. See Goatcher, Jlemliiff, HajjfiOii, ^6'. Page 10. — Deer abound in the woods, all persons capable and willing to hunt them do so, there being no game laws. See Cooper, Boc all, bt^c. Bears, wolves, and foxes are not so numerous as to be troublesome ; the flesh and skins of the firet of these are \% ' vahiablf, and the reward paid ior the scalps of the wolves, on producinj^ them before a maifistrate, which was raised last session, 1 believe from 1 to 21. per head, tends to keep them under. S^ee Patmell, Rapso/t, i>;c. Pheasants, in some parts, are numerous, they are vol iike the Knglish bird in size or plumaL;;e, but equal in point of flavour. Quails are very numerous, and larger than ours, these are frequently called partridges, though decidedly not no. See Bod'ullf PuiuidL ^c. Pigeons are so luii \erous as to be irksome to English sportsmen, who soon lose their zest for that amusement, many persons killing hundreds of them in a day. I have seen flocks that appeared to extend for some miles, literally darkening the atmosphere in passing, which they invariably tly of the Kentish kind, peaches are so plentiful, the very lu)gs feed upon them ; the peach trees are all standards, but so little care is taken of tliem, that it is not, possible to imagine to what extent they might be inqjroved. Grai)es grow in the Niaga' a district, but are inferior; gooseberries, cur- rants, and raspberries grow wild in great quantities, and in the season, wild pigeons feed upon them. See Raji^cjt^ THmovseyi^c-. m m :»i f Ki ■ f Wxlr. Prrf^r 12. — Farm ]uboiirrrt<, if hired by the day, receive from 3.?, to ift. Gd. txclusiive of board. See PanncU, Hill, S'cdifhi/i, ..V. Pa^e 1.*). — Woiiien servanta c«iii liardly be procured, and they generally receive 18*. or a Guinea a month. See Hi /, Upton, Geo. Boa all, 6;c. l\i>e 15. — ^I'he Newcastle, Home, Gore, and London dis- tricts, from the easy access of comnumication now opened with tlio other parts of the province, are rapidly settling, and from the climate being milder, and the soil much superior in the western parts of the province, it is greatly to the advan- tnge of Emigrants to settle to the west of York. See Mar- tin. Fage 17. — Water in the Town [York] is not generally good ifrom the \velis, but excellent from the bay which runs up to the town, most well water heing to a certain extent brackish, and impregnated with limestone, which strangers instantly perceive ; this may easily be remedied by boiling, and all emigrants should use this precaution ; in most parts 1 consider the water perfectly good. See Adsett. Page 18. — Good lodging houses are much wanted, and if some spirited innkeepers were to go from England, it must answer their puqjose. 0' * EXTRACI^ from Statistical Sketches of Upper Canada, hij a Backwoodwian. Page 6. — ^^ ho then are to go to Canada? In tlie first place, all who cannot comfortably support themselves by their labour at home ; because, let a man be ever so poor in this country, his wages as a labourer Mill more than support his family, — and if he be prudent and sober, he may in a phort time save money enou/rh to purchase for himself a farm, — and it he has a family, so much the better, as chudren are the best stock a farmer can possess, the labour of a child se- ven years old being considered worth his maintenance and € ihication, and the wages of a boy of twelve or fourteen years of age, being higher than those of a stout and skilful plough- man in most parts of Great Britain, generally from thice to four dollars a month, with bed, board, and washing besides. At home they talk of * a poor man with a large fiimily ;' but KUth a phrasie in Canada, would be a contradiction ot terms ; .».) (for a m;ui here, who has a large fiiuiiiy aui.-t, under ordlimrv circumstanccj*, soon cease to be a poor man. ISee Titmouse, Ncai, Smari, vvc. Pat^e /. — Mechanics and artizans of almost all descriptions, — millwrights, blacksmiths, carpenters, masons, bricklayers, tailors, shoemakers, tanners, millers, and all the ordinary trades that are required in an agricultural, and partially ship- owning, aiul commercial country, will do well to come to Canada. See Xta/, 6;c. Page 8. — Of these trades, the blacksmith, tailor, shoema- ker, and tanner, are the best. If there were in nature (uhich is doubtful) such a being as a sober blacksmith, he might make a fortune. SeePAi///;., 6,'c. Page IG. — I prefer coming to Canada via Montreal, as it saves money, time, .id transhipment of baggage. Page 1/ — Emigrants would find their account in bring- ing out siuall quantities of seeds, particularly those of the rarer grasses, as lucern, trefoil, &c. ; for if they did not nei'd such articles themselves, they would find plenty who would buy them at a high price. To these may be added some small parcels of potatoe outs, and of the large black oat of thr south of Ireland, for seed, as that grain, if not renewed, degenerates into so .icthing little better than chaff in the course of time. 8ee Boxall, Heniin(f, 6^c. Page 21. — If you have no money to throw away, and wish to have snug quarters for jourself and your family next win- ter, you will not stay one hour in Quebec, or in any other t{»wn, longer tlian you can possibly avoid, — but get your lug- g.i.ge on board the Montreal steam-boat, and be off if possible m ten minutes alter anchor has been let go ; — for by dandling about Uucbec, Montreal, Kingston, and York, you will spend more money and lose more time, than, if properly employed, might have lodged and fed yourself and family, during tiie first and M^orst year of your residencvi in the new world. Page ^-^9. — V\'hen a bear runs away with one of your pigs, there is no use in going alter him, hallooing, without a gun. You may soare hini away from the mutilated carcase, but it \s ill make but indifferent pork ; since not being bred in Lea- denhiiU or ".\'hitechapel, he has but a slovenly way of slaugh- ttrii:..;. iJ.tt trace to where he has dragged it, and near ^dabct, let s(. \\ and friend hide themselves within easy distance, anvi he ^\!ll be certain to come for his supper; whichj like all seiiwibie aniiuais, he prefers to every other meal. IN ay, it is hi^^hly probable, if he poasesses the gallantry which a well t ■|. II 7.0 II 'Y ,1' , 1 1 Sit. (;, jj.ii' :iith !i* tii; m I" ■>■■ I f" :!•• bred bear o\vj:hi to have, lie will bring Mrs. Bruin and all tlie chiltlrcn along with him, and you can transact bussiness with the whole familv at once. m Page 41. — ^Vhen onee they have killed a pig, if you do not manage to kill the bear, you will never keep one hog ; lor thev will come hack, till the, have taken the last of them ; — they will even invade the sacred precincts of the hog-stye. An Irishman in the Newcastle district once caught a bear faiirantc dflicio, dragging a hog over the walls of tlie pen. Pat instead of assailing the hear, thought only of securing his property ; so he jumped into the stye, and seized the pig by the tail. Bruin having hold of t!ie ears, they had a deafl p\ill for possession, till the whillilooing of pat, joined to the plain- tive notes oih\» pr(jt(^ffe, brought a neighbour to his assistance, who decided the contest m Pat's favour, by knocking the as- sailant on the head. Sec Nea/, Rajjsoif, is;(:. Page 45. — The wild turkey takes the lead of our Upper Canadian feathered game. He is found in the London and ■western districts exclusively ; though I have heard, that in New England, he is domiciliated nuich farther to the north. He is large, weighing from 2.") to 351bs., of a dark colour, which in some individuals is lighter, and in others approach- es to a leaden gray ; and is very like the domestic turkey of the country, which there is little doubt, must in many instan- ces hold the same relation to him as the half Indian (' o?' bois bride,' as the French call them) does to the original proprie- tor of the soil. You can only distinguish him from his civilized cousin, by a quick, firm, light infantry step, in his gait, and his independent, watchful look. At certain periods of the year, he is any thing but shy. I have walked along the highway for half a mile at least, with a flock of fourteen of them marching in front of me all the time within easy shot : some of them marching in the middle of the road, some hop- ping up on the rail fences and running along them, some jump- ing over into the neighbouring field, but none showing any unreasonable fear of me. See Bo.valf, PannelL Page A^. — Every person who has been in America has de- scribed the interminable fiocks of wild pigeons ; so I shall not trouble my reader on that score. 8ome two sunmiers ago, a stream of tliem took it into their headvS to fly over York ; and for three or four days the town resounded with one con- tinued roll of firing, as it a skirmJ! h were going on in the i«treets, — every gun, pistol, miiskct, biunderbuss, and fire-arm ot wlnitever description, was put in re(juisition. The consta- bktt and pohce magistrates -were on the alert, and offenders Avithout number, wi^re pulled up^ — .imoiii? whomwciv hoi:(>ur- able members of tho executive luul leijfislutive councils, erou ;i lawyers, respect:ible sttiid citizens, and last of all the sheriif of the county ; till at last it was found that pi<^eons, flyini^ with- in easy shot, were a temptation too stroni.'j for human virtue to withstand ; — and so the contest was given up, aiul a sporting jubilee proclaimed to all and sundry. Pai^e 49. — The streaai is no less prolific in sport than the forest arul field. And if a man thinks proper, in the words of 1/aak Walton, * to be pleasant and eat a trout,' he can gratify his taste to atiy extent in Upper Canada. Trout are only- found in the small streams, not in the larger rivei*s; the large hsh, probably, making the latter unsafe quarters for them. Tlit>y, generally speaking, are small, like those of the moor- land-burns at home, but very delicately flavoured. When, however, mill-dams are erected on streams, thev increase in size ; and in the beautiful clear streams, fed from springs in tiie Long Point country, they are as large as I have seen them anywhere in England. The banks being overhung with trees, fly-fishing is rarely to be had, except you station yourself on a bridge or mill-dam ; but the bait they take at all seasons, from the middle of winter, when you catch them through a hole in the ice, to summer, when you wash down the middle of the stream, with it floating before you. Not being ac- quainted with the ways of the world and the deceits of man- kind, a piece of beef is as good a bait for a Canadian trout as any that can be found. ()f other fish there is no lack ; and many of them have no European name, but are very good fish for all that. See BuxaU^ Funnel/^ tSv;. Pjige 50 — Spearing fish is a pretty amusement. It is done by standing in the bow of the canoe and motioning with your spear how you wish to be guided ; and it is nmch more pro- ductive at nii:ht, by torch lii>ht than in the day time. But I would reconnnend all infant Neptunes, who are only learning the use of their tridents, to practise for some time in shallow water ; for so sure as they commence their career, they will let their zeal cutrun their discretion, and upset the canoe at least twice, for once they will strike the fish. Page ^V2. — ^The eastern and western sections of the country possess relative advantages and disadvantages. The soil of the eastern portion is very inferior to that of the western ; and as the line of the River St. Lawrence and the lake runs about as much to the southward as to the westward, it follows I. r ■ 'i % wwk mm ,j« i^'fli ; 'S r « of courso, that the climate "of the westust hn mwnh more mild than that of tht' eastern, mid, alao, thut the win- ter 19 shorter by some weeks. Page G3. — The j)rice of labour is cheaper in the en^^tern portion of the colony, than the west, T\\\^ is 0'.\hi>j- to its proximity to the Lower Province, wliere the Trcn-h Cana- dians work for wages not much, if at all, hij^her than those of a labourer in En; out M'ith vou a set of neat (lcsi<'ns, and ehnations of siuall houses, it will not only enable vou to » • build a jj^ood house yourself, but you will become a public benefactor, oy showin*? to the M'holc of your neiii^hbourhood, how they nuiy do the same. PaL!:es 110 and III. — ILducaticm met Mlth early considera- tion from the Legislature of this province ; small endow- ments were made lor conmion schools, and 100/. per annum voted for a i^rannnar-school in each district ; but still, ujitil lately, there Mas no seminary in the province, superior to a Scotch parochial school, when the lieutenant-jj;overiior, at his own risk, established a coUcfife, consistini; of a principal, three classical, and one mathematical master, a dra^^ ini'; and French master, and an establishment for readinii;, writing-, and arithmetic. And these masters beiuij choscii from Ox- ford and CamhriilL^e, of wdiichuniveniities they are j;raduates, for their talents, we may say that the means of education are now as «ood in Canada, as at any of the great chartered schools in England. Page 1 Ki. — it irt a question with many intending emigrants, whether to go to Canada or the United States. I think Ca I sada preferable, and for the following reasons : — il is to many. Mho happen to have consciences, no light nvitter, to forswear their allegiance to their king, and declare that they are willing to take up arm's against their native country, at the call of the country of their adoption ; and un- less they do so, they must remain aliens for ever ; nay even if they do manage to swallow such an oath, it is seven years before their apostacy is rcM-arded by the right of citizenship, lu luiidinjj; in his Majesty's donunions, they carry with them nl tlicir riijljts of tnil)ji'cts, and iiu'iu-duitriy on 1^'.'(.( iuliii;' K's, Ir.'choldi rs, iiave tlit* ri;;!it of \oti!ig lor a i( pr. ti'i.tttivi'. '1 lie markt'tii of Canada for larin prochice an', and must he, lu'ttiT than 1 hose of the l.'iiitcd St;iU'h ; for Canadian ((in is adiuittod into both British a:;d We-^t Ijidian [icrls, on much inoro a(l\anlai;e(nis tt'rnis than lorciirn ti;rawi. :'!iil tin.' iavcs on artic'k'!) recinircd for the consunipl ot the iuiiabitants, an- not one-twelfth so sj^reat in Canada, as in the United .*";taleM. Thus, all British ^^ood;; pay at Quebec, only *J I por cent, fiff rrt/oriiii, whilst at any American port, they pay Irom iJ.'i^ to (K) per cent. Pai^e 114. — Very erroneous notions are current in ICiU'h'.iul with rei!;ar(l to the taxation of the United States. Tlie truth is, that though Auierica is lisi,htly ta.xed in compa.rison v, iiii Enirland, it is by no means to l)e consiucrc^d so, when c('m- ))ared to uiost of the continental nations. The account usually rendered of American taxation is fallacious. It is stated, that somethiui^ uiuler six millions sterliui;, or about JOs. pcM' head on an avera:overnment to support; and, insiti;iiificant as the expeiices of tliat uijxcri!- ment appciu* in detail, yet the aji;grep,ate is of very icrious importance. For instance, there are live times as many judges, in the state of New York alone, as in Great Britain and Inland; and tliough ejich indivicUuil of these, ^vcreto receive i:o ir.ore tlum we would pay a maccr, of the court, yet, when there comes to be two or three hundred of them, it becomes a serious matt(r ; iicr (h'cs it m;d/Hon —The Rev. J. Macliar. Ancu^ttr—Th^ Rev. Mr. Sheed. Nktiiara—nvi Rev. II. M'Gill. London — The Rev. A. Ross. AmlierslbHrrjh — The Rev. Mr. Gale. ROMAX CvTIIDLIC CLERGY IX UPPER CAVADA. Glengarry — Right Reverend Alexander M'Donell — Bishop of Kin£ijston. Very Rev. W. P. M' Donald, Very Rev. W. J. O'Grady, Rev. John M'Donell, Rev. James Campion. ]n kars General \ Chaph ains Rev, -Demi)sey — Sk'cretan/. St. Andreu'.^ and Cornivall- Xqv. William Fraser — lu'cfor, Prescut and Bror/cvl/le — Rev. Timothy O'Meara, Bytovm — Rev. Angus M'Donell, Ptr/A— Rev. John^ M'Donell, Kingston— \ ^'^^1 ^^^'^'- ^^' !'• McDonald, X Rev. M. Lalor. llaUoweU and Marmora — Rev. Michael Brennan, Peterburonqh — Rev. Jame^ Cro\\'ley, \ork—\\^vx Rev. W. J. O'Gradv, T'oronto and Adjiua — Rev. Edward Gordon, Niagara, Guelph and Dnndns — Rev. John Cullen, Amhersthnrgh &c. — Rev. J Fhiett, Sandwich and Roshesier — Rev. Joseph Crevier. ;i,^ Office of His Majestifs Chief Agents, for the superintendence ofEmigrants in Upper and Loirer Canada. Quebec, September 4th. 1832, Emigrants going to Upper Canada, are recommended to proceed from Montreal, by the route of the Ottawa, to Bytown, and from thence, by tlic Rideau Canal, to Kingston, .!.■■>■ I" !i y m at which place, those ^0111.4? to Coburt^, York, or to the Western, and London District, will meet tre Lake Ontario Steam Boats, or sailing Schoon««rs. Eniigiants will experi- ence great benefit by proeeedinj^ to Upper Canada, by the route of the Rideau Canal, much time will be saved, which by the Mechanic, or Labourer, should be considered as money gained, when going to a country where employment is in such universal demand ; besides, the gi-eat exposure and inconvenience, to which Emigrants have been subjected in ascending the St. Lawrence, from the Cedars to Prescot, will be avoided. Families wishing to settle in Upper Canada, and having no particular places in view, are sure to find ma'iy desirable si- tuations in the Ottawa, Bathurst, and Kaslorn Districts^ where the demand for Mechanics of all descriptions, and Farm Laborers, is very coi>siderable. Laboring Emigrants on reaching York, the Capital of Upper Canada, and in want of employment, will be provided with it in the vicinity of that City, or conveyed to the Lon- don District, where all descriptions of operatives are nmch ■wanted. Discharf/ed soldiers entitled to claim Lands^ are informed^ that, on their arrival in Upper Cunadu, they majj be locate d, either in the Bathurst, Newcastle, Home, or London Districts, and may proceed direct to their Lots, from the ports at which they disembark, without the expence, or trouble, of appearing at York, to obtain their location tickets. Every information, and assistance will be afforded to Emi- grants, proceeding by the above route, on application to the following Government Agents, viz : Mr. Hawkk, at Lachixe, and Mu. M'c Nal uiJTO-N, at Bytowx mt t f r A. C. BUCHANAN, Chief Agent. Mr. Cushino, the forwarding Agent at Montreal, will give every information to Emigrants proceeding by the route «f the Ottawa, and Rideau. m (>: t'ltOM THi: CANADIAN COURANT, Montreal J September 2dlh. 1832. It has, on several ()ccasions, been our duty to call the attention of the public, to the improveineuts in travellinj^, oil the banks of the St. La\vre;ice, between Montreal and Kingston ; and we have to notice another new arranj^enieMt, which will afford great public accommodation. We allude to the steamer named Irroquois, which has been lately built to ply between the head of the Loiiii^ Sault and the villajjfe of Prescot, a part of the river which had herL'tafore been con- sidered as unnavia^able by steara, owing to the swiftness of the Galloup Rapid, and llapide an Plat. On monday last, the Irroquois started, and although the machinery was new, and the wind a-head, she ascended these rapids with considerable ease, and reached Prescot as soon as the stages by land could have performed the distance. The boat, which is I30ft. long and 18 broad, is propelled by one paddle wheel at the stern, which is put in motion by two high pressure engines, of fifty horse power each, made by the distinguished engineers, the Messrs. Ward, of this city. The boat is plainly, but neatly fitted up. In the ^ itleman's cabin is a table of horse -shoe form, which is capable of accommodating 'J I) persons. The lady's cabin, which is on deck, is littec up in a light, and healthy style, with large w'indows, and comfortable accommo- dation for the inmates. The public are indebted, for this valuable improvement in inland communication, by which rapids heretofore considered impracticable i)y steam boats, have been ascended, to the enterprise of the late Horace Dickinson, Esq. who carried the arrangement almost to com- pletion, before he fell a v^ictim to the pestilence. We n joice to observe that his successors in the business, seem deter- mined to follow the example of their predecessor, in improving public travelling along their extensive line of stages and steam boats. The Irroquois descends from Prescot to the head of the Long Sault, a distance of 38 miles, in 3 hours or less, which will no doubt expedite the arrival of the Upper Canada mail here, and therei)y confer an additional advantage on the mercantile comnmnity. IShc is expected to start on her daily trips early next week. 4 •I i t w\ ()8 r.1y' m w '^^' , ' n 'U Hffl' Is' MMri 1 i: ,1 i ■!'■ k 1 i:.^ :>■■ :. Sl»i< v^ome of Uic letters appear to contradict eurh otiirr, is to the price of wearing apparel, tools, &c. but the fact seems to be ; that, in the Huron Tract, where the Canada Com- pany has taken p^reat pains to open the roads, and to build, and su^plj'^ storehouses, every tliint!: emigrants can want, is cheaj) ; and easily obtainable : whereas, in some of the mo**? distant settlements, the same articles, can- not yet ] e obtained, except at a high price, and with some difiiculty. See BoxaJI, Ca/x'/ain, and Fannell. The f llowing infornuition, published hy the Canada Compan}', last year will throw some light on this sub- ject. To facilitate tlie conveyance of Emiirrants, from the^ Head of Lake Ontario to the Huron Territory, the Commis- sioners of the Canada Company have made the following affangemeiits. Tu'o good covered Stage Waggons, with Teams of four Horses each, are to be constantly kept travelling l)etween Hamilton, at the Head of Lake Ontario, aiul through A'\'ibnot to Goderich in the Huron Territory, at the following mode- rate rates of conveyance : — From Hamilton to 'C . Wilmot Line for each adult Udollar, From the Wilmot Line to Goderich the same charge. And for children in proportion. The carriage of luggage from Hamilton to the Wilmot Line will be 1 ^ dollar per cvvt. From the Wilmot Line to Goderich the same charge. And for intermediate distances at proportionate rates. Each passenger to be allowed 561bs. of luggage y)*ee. On the arrival of steam boats with passengers at the Head ©f Lake Cntario, twelve extra waggons will be kept in rea- diness at Hamilton, to afford the necessary facility of convey- ance? to the above mentioned places, upon the lollowing ternn^-. From Hamilton to the Wilmot Line 2 dollars, From the Wilmot Line to Goderich 1 1 dollar. But the carriage of luu^gage to be the iame as by the regu- hir Waggons. And for the convenience of Emigrants who intend to settle in the Huron Tract, in addition to the Taverns already esta- blished on the road between Hamilton and the Wilmot Line, four Taverns and SUibles luue been erected at the following places vi/. Tlie \^'ilmot Line, The River Avon, — The River Thames, and at lloss ; being places at convenient distances for jiersons travelling towards Goderich. Storehouses are being erectetl at the above mentioned points, to be well supplied with Pork, Flour, Tea, and Sugar, Salt, Nails, Hatchets, su(;h Carpenter's Tools as are likely to be required, Window-Sashes, Glass, Putty, Cookhig Utensils, Crockery Ware, ^c. ; all which articles are to be supplied at prices far below what they would cost to the settle, were they to be supplied in any other way. The Commissioners have entered into these arrangements solely with the view of promoting the comfort of Emigrants (luring the Journey, as the Company have no hiterest in, nor derive any benefit from these establishments, but sanction them expressly for the purpose of enabling the Emigrants to obtain readily the articles they may re({uire, and of preventing any imposition upon them by exorbitant charges. The Company's Commissioners are also completing ar- rangements tor the purpose of forwarding Settlers by Steam- boat conveyance from the Welland Canal to Goderich, in the Huron Territory, thus enabling Emigrants to proceed either by land or water as they may find it most desirable. I ' if! " Wv m'' ■ Mi.fi 1 "''•" i i^^ I'l- ■ ri TTie following advertisemenls, as well as many others most en- couraging to emigrants of all classes^ bvt too numerous to insert^ appeared regularly during last summer, in the Courier of Upper Canada, printed at York. A%. ' *■ :, t ^' 'tilt" FOR THE IXFORMATIOX OF SETTLERS, Arriving at York, Upper Canada. * Capt. Fitzgibbon has been appointed by his Excellency, the Lieutenant Governor, to provide conveyances for settlers, who wish to be employed, from York to the Townships on Lake Simcoe, where they will be received by Mr. Hewsox, who is openini( a Road from Kempenfeldt Bay to the Town- ship of Sunnidale. Emigrants of this season, with means, who are desirous of locating themselves in the Western part of the Province, can proceed by water to the head of Lake Ontario, and from thence can readily find conveyance to the Township of Car- i'adoc, M'here they will be received by Mr, * Mount, Deputy Surveyor, who v^ill place each head of a family on 50 or 1(K) acres of land liitely surveyed, from the North-West corner of Carrafloc to Lake Huron, at the average price for which land sells in that part ; the first payment to be made at the expi- ration of three years from the date of the location, and the remainder in three years, by annual instalments, with interest, to commence from the expiration of three years. The lands are of the first quality, well watered, and in healtliy situations. A ro.id will be oponed from Carradoc, on which set- tlers \vili find employment. AH furtlier information will be immediately afforded to emigrants, on application at the Commissioner of Crown Lancl'a Office, York, or at the Surveyor General's Office, York. PETER ROBINSON, Commissioner of Croivn Land's Office, York, 1 8th. June, 1832. * See Martin and Cooper, I "VVOUK FOU KMIGRANTS. ''Seventy newly arrived eirigrants, may hear of ininiedlate employment, at good wages, by applying at this office — and 120 persons of a similar description will be directed to a pub- lic work, where they will obtain from 10 to 12 dollars per month, by applying also at this office." TO EMIGRANTS. LAND OWNERS, &c. TiiF EMIGRANT COMMITTEE, at York, anxious to be as ex- tensively useful to emigrants of all classes, as may be, are willing to take upon themselves the duties of a land agency OFFICE gratuitously, in consequence of which, they request all persons throughout the Province having lands to dispose of, under improvements or otherwise, to send to their office a notice thereof in the following form, viz : — TOWNSHIP. No. of the Lot or Lots. No. of the Concession. No. of Acres. Price per Acre in Dollars. Terms as to Time. Land under improvement, the nature of those improve- ments to be stated, likewise what buildings, if any are upon such lands, how distant from mills, or other advantages. Persons wanting labourers or servants, may likewise apply to their superintendent, who is instructed to do all in hij power for the accommodation of applicants. York, June 16M. 1832. mm m fi'*i ■!l' . '' r-' INSTRUCTIONS to Persons^ wloHlimj to omh/rate, as to the domestic Articles they should take with them; the kind of Provisions they should lay in ; and their Conduct on board Ship, and during the Journey up the Country ; l)y Capt. J. C. IIai.e, who sailed fryni Portsmouth^ in May, IK^'2, as Svperintendent of the Ship Enyland, to Quebec : /'rom whence he conducted a considerable num- ber' of the Passenyers who had emiff rated from Wis- •noiiourui (jfiiF.Kx, Snssr.r, up tlie St. Lawrence and the Lakes, and afterwards over Land to NELst)NViLLi':, wtar Athens^ in the Ohio Territory, ^w'i h ' ■' ';■ '•^ ■■( ' • r-.i : >. im m To an Einiyrant, being a Family Man. Canada, Wlien 3'mi liavc made up your mind to eini^'ate, you Mill do well to prepare youriselt after the followiniif manner. First. In colleetini!^ up your ji^oods lor your voyage, select such thinL':s, only, :is are of the utmost use, and must be had, of necessity ; leaving behind you, all cund)rous articles of furni- ture ; because sucii tilings will not only be an incumbrance to 3 oil, but will put you to more expence than, it is presumed, you are eitlier inclined to bear, or can afford. Your culinary articles deserve the first attention .; because they are always wanted. One large, and one small saucepan, iron; and a block tintm-een, if you have them, is suft'icient: and in pack- ing up, put as many little articles as you can inside of them, to save room, such as tea-spoons, pepper box, salt cellars isnufters, &c. these are valuable ; and will cost you dearer in Canada: a round tin candle box, or a wooden salt box, is a very useful article, as, when hung up to the ship's side, it is not only out of the way, but will always be handy, to hold your knives and forks, spoons, &c., which you should always put by, the momeitt they are done with, and not lay down, lest you should lose them, bj- the ship's rolling about; and, when cleaning tliem, take out one at a time, and return it to the box, the moment it is done ; so you will not lose them, nor will they be stolen ; and always, if jou remove your box for this purpose, hang it on something ; a fork, for instance, stuck in the ship's side, one side of your berth, or wherever «lse you may happen to be. For that purpose, a small gimblct, a few hooks and nails, are very necessary, Remem- ber, you are in a ship, constantly in motion, and therefore, jou should make your chiklrcn begin in time, to hang up, or Hi:i> •3 ctlionvise carcrii^'iy phice in your bcrtli, whiitovor tlipy nmy use, 18 soon as it is done with, and never lay any th'iwr dou'ii on the (leek, to be left; or you may expect to lose it, ia sjut; way or other. Take as little crockery ware as possible: tin ware is much better; but take no more than you absolutely watit, so as to make one article serve two or three purposes. Crockery is cheap, where you are ijfoini?,- but all metallic wares arc dear. A lariife tin bottle with a haiiilc, of two or three i^allons, such as you see in shops to put oil in, but flat on one side is very useful, as it will do to receive your water in, and it is less liable to be lost in such ;ui article as this, than a kcii; ; nor will you waste so much : if it has a top, with a small hin,i>;e, so that it can be shut over the moment it is done with, the better, as a cork is apt to be lost. Poker, tongs, and shovels, if you have them, you had i)etter dispose of, as you will not want them, wood ftres boin1: . 71 the wife take as niucli worsted as slie can jLjct, with kuittiriLf needles ; and let her make you a eap, to w ear at sea, out of any old piece of cloth she may have to spare ; as your hat, even if it is an old one, will be \ahial)le ; and you will liave to pay dear, if you buy one : also, be i areful of your ///'///« shoes ; put them uiray : you will get nothinj^ like them there, and make any old shoes do for the sea voyau^e. Ail arti'.*les of ttaimel are valuable ; and take plenty of s(jap ; and he sa • ving of your water, at sea ; that the wife may have a little,, now and then, to wash a little for the children ; for you will have none allowed for this purpose. A feather bed may be got in America as good at a dol- lar as for £\ here. The next article is your bedding ; feather lx»ds, which are very dear in England, are very cheap in America, sotiiat, if you have a good one, it is better to sell it ; and buy a second hand mattress for the sea voyage ; and the money will be well laid out, if applied to the purchase of good blankets ; of which you cannot have too many ; or, make a straw or chaff stuffing do. The bed tick itself, is valuable. A feather bed is very likely to be spoiled on board : 8 or 4 blankets laid on each other, are far better on board ship ; and females are not so apt to take cold from them, as a bed. It will be hard lay- ing at first, but that must be borne with : it is only for a while, and remember ! the object is to save hulk^ and have every thing «w'w^, and convenient. The more you have to tra- vel with, the heavier the expence ; and in the bouts that car- ry you up the country, they will weigh every little thing you have ; even the child's chair ; and I havi known a cradle cost more for carriage, than it cost w^hen new. If you hap- pen to have a gun, take it, you can hang it up to the beam, over your berth, and take powder and shot. You nmst task the generosity of your friends, when leaving them, all you can, for any such articles as I have mentioned, and that they can spare; and your wife should take care to provide herself with plenty of good needles j and a pair or two of real good scissors. Next I come to TOOLS, &c. &c. Whether you are a mechanic or an agriculturist : take all the good tools of your profession, that you have with you, because, what you have here, will be far superior to any you can get there in quality, unless, you pay very dear indeed for them. Saws of all kinds are particularly valuable, but carry no article of wood with you, that you can possibly do with- /.» (Hit ; niul lot all youv piu-I;ni(('> ho ;is chiMp, an:! .v/.'/r/// as po;*- sible : on every packaufo takcii on boaivl, in tlu» Loiuloii Docks, there is a char i;e of If you liave any carpetinir, if old, no matter, take it : it is >iseful to put under your bed ; and for wrappinsf nc^t your berth, on board. What I liave said, about kfepiii'jj every Ihini? close, and compact, will be found worthy of attention*, wlien you consider, that for 4 j^rown [);M'soiis, or f(|ual to it, at the rate of two children for an adult, tiie small space of six fu'ct S(juare only, is allowed, and about three feet in heiijjht. As soon as you are settled on boartl, drive in, in re^jfular or- (Kt, and not one here and fJicrc, several hooks, and nails, to hang up your mess articles ; and get them arranged, in the proper places, so that yom* wife, ami children, may be^^ouse used to it, before the siiip gets into ba;l weather ; and insist upon this being done, regularly, by sett i:ig the example your- self: for, recollect, the greatest part of the wife's lioase busi- ness on shore, will fall on you, when at sea. Take tv/o or three straps of leather, about an inch broad, and nail then up to the ship's side, in the beam over your head, if you have an upper berth, which is the most desirable, with small nails, at about an inch apart, to hang up any thing you are not using ; nothing must be left about, if ycm wish not to lose them. PROVISIONS. This is the most serious thing you have to attend to. I re- commend you to take no other animal food, than good bacon, particularly, if you are a countryman, and accustomed to it, and which, by the cpiantity, may be had very cheap, and cal- culate your passage for 60 dai/.s^ to be on tlie right side ; and 1 think, that, at the rate of half a pound a day, for a gro\\'n j)erson, is encmgh, taking two children, big and little, for one. Biscuit at the same rate ; the allowance appears small, but recollect, you are not hard at work, and must study economy. A jar of pickled onion. , is a good, and wholesome thing ; but if you nmst have some other meat than bacon, take a keg of tripe, in the same proportion, pickled, llie pickle washes easily out of it, and it is far nicer, and more fresh, and palatable, than ship's salt beef, which, lo persons who are not accustomed to it, is generally, very unpleasant. Let oatmeal be a principal article with you, as it is wholesome for your children, as well as yourselves, and it is very useful in sickness. If you can afford it, buy a few cases of portable soup. With regard to other articles, sugar ; barley, to make I I ii I ^ ';;ii*;- IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /y 1.0 I.I 11.25 lit lU u 140 I 2.0 ^^ ^A y / ^A V V >^ z!^ PholDgra{iric Sciences CoTDoration 23 WiST MAIN STRUT WIBSTIR.N.Y. MSM (716) •73-4503 '^^^*^ ^ ^.V^ hrotli ; butter, not exccetUntf otu» ounce per clay each; chctese, the same. It must be left to your choice ; anil, if you can spare •A shillinjif or two, bring a small bottle of essence of [K?pper- mint, as you will find it very useful. But do not spend your money in buying spirits, and be particular not to give the children too much to eat at once, such ad a whole biscuit, with butter, as they are apt to leave it, or throw it away, w^hich causes waste, and which you must avoid, and never allow, but must punish them, if they do so, by giving them short allowance for a day, which is better thim beating them, and will make them more careful in future. Studying, as you constantly nmst, care, economy, and regularity ; as it is a family man I am talking to, (for I trouble not my head witli single men, they must take care of themselves, they have nothing else to do), I shall not say much about the price, and quality, of your small stores ; such as sugar, &c. ; as your wife and self, will better manage that between you, calculating always, /or 6() days ; and a few carraway seeds, peppermint drops, or a piece or two of gingerbread, will be found very useful, when the children are a little qualmish. If you are a country-man, perhaps you may be able to get your meat in your own neighbourhood, of better quality than in London, as also your butter, and cheese, and if you choose to take a few eggs, they will, if fresh, keep very well in salt for a month, or more, packed with the small ends down. Now let me suppose the following, td be a scale of provisions for the voyage, and it is such as I have found to answer well. Any variations in it must be left to the taste or inclinatiouB of the emigrant himself. s d 30 lbs. of bacon, at 6d 15 30 lbs. of tripe, at 6d 15 IM) lbs. of good biscuit 5 5 lbs. of butter, at Is 5 1 lb. of tea, 5 8 lbs. of sugar, at 6d 4 1 gallon of oatmeal 2 6 20 lbs. of flour 5 Barley, pepper, and mustard, &c. 3 6 £•3 I have not here allowed for potatoes, or pickles, nor cheese, and which, if you choose to take, you must have by reducing your quantity of tripe, or bacon, for as I allow ^Ib. each per // .'>() souls. The trade of C\)bouriif is inereasinj^ rapidly, more through the spirit and enteriirise of its merchants, than its natural ad vanta|^es. In alludiiii; to its dehfieiuy, in the latter respect, the want of a harbour, and the break in its connnunication with the back country, caused by the Rice Lake, are particularly meant. It is however, to be observed, that tiie formationsibility of the majfis- trate of the division, has been judiciously expended on this road, in the course of the summer. It is expected that the amount of taxes on absentee lands, which is to be levied next year, m ill meet the expenditure. On both sides of the road the Canada Company hold lands, in general of a good soil, tht)se nearest to Cokmrg, being the most eligible for imme- diate sale. It is now proposed to open a branch road from this, to meet the Cavan road, near the head of the Rice Lake. The line selected, will serve those lots beh)nging to the Com- pany, which lie in the 6th. and /th. concessions of Hamilton. Irom the 20th. lot westward. ricken, p. 155 and 156. — G7 miles E. York. DUMFRIES. A settlement in the Gore district ; bounded on the N. by Waterloo, and on the E. by Bever'y. a-i i' 'i Tills si'ttlt'iiU'Mt of Mr. Dickson Is one of nmcli iiiti-rt'sl, lu'ii)^ coiuliK-tcd by liimsolf, on liis own resourci's, in tlio tsanu! Wiiy us that of Colonel Talbot on tlu' i)anks of Lake Kric. Mr. Dickson be^an operations in 1815- 1(), by the j>urcliase from (xovcnnncnt of this township, extending to 9(),()()l) acres, and to which he gave the name of Dumfries. lie seU'cted a convenient spot with good water-power, to com- mence atowTi, and fonneil a connection with an enterprising American, who speedily established very extensive miilM. Mr. l)i(;kson i>;iilt a commodious residence for iiimself, in a romantic situation, overhanging the ri\er, and communicating by a bridge with the mills and town. His j)lan of dearnig with settlers is extremely liberal, as he does not insist upon any instalment being paid down ; atid even, in some ca.ics, advances the me.ms of purchasing oxen, iScc. In this way, the poorest emigrant, if steady and industrious, nmst get for- ward. A regular account is opened with each individual, and par- tial i)a\nu'nts, eitlier in money or produce, accepted by Mr. Dickson, fro'.n time to time. The price of land is 4 dollars, or 2()s. per acre. Farms have been occasionally abandoned by unsteady or inipatient individuals ; but some progress in clearing has always been made, and, of course, the farm has, in so far, been rendered more valuable. A very considerable extent of land has beeii disposed of, upon both sides of the river, and hundreds of acres of flue wheat are to be seen con- tiguous to each other. An attempt ha' I been made last spring to convey produce down the river to the Vk eiland Canal, by which Mr. J^hade, the owner of the mills, informed me, a saving of two-tliirds W(mld be effected upon the transpcn'ts of Horn*. This voyage was performed i)ya ^on of Mr. Dickson, accompanied by Air. Shade, and being a navigation of about 10() nnles, attended with some ha/.arcls, as a first attempt, it created a good deal of sensation at the time of my visit, and much satisfaction among the farmers by its success. Mr. Dickson has about 2500 souls upon his estate, and draws a very handsome in- come from the interest of sales. I visited the mills with Mr. Shade, who took nuich trouble in explaining to me the various maclnnery. The establishment comprises Hour-mills, saw- mills, cooperage, &:c., and appeared to me equally extensive and well arranjred. FiriJiiayon, on Canada^ in Quarterly Jonrnal of AyrwjiHure, [1831.] No. XY.p. 108-9. Sec galt and GRAND RIVER. i \ ^: DCNDAS. A thriving; villaj;r, wliich, from its coiintrtigii with Bur- lington Bay, bids fair to become an important place, at no distant period ; it lies in the direct road to the Canada Com- pany's lands ; the land is particularly good in this part, and IS thickly inhabited ; has an excellent tavern, kept by a Mr, Jones, from Birmingham, and no tr.iveller desirous of com- fort, if near nijjjht time, shcmhi pass his door. Three miles from Ancaster. Cuttermolcy ,>. 28. It is also about two miles from the Little Lake, from which a * canal is to be cut next spring [1827], this is a beautiful romantic part of the country. A harbour is now making at Burlington, and a conmiunication between the Little Lake and Lake Ontario, and should the proposed canal through the country, from this place to London, be carried into effect, it will become the emporium of a large and fertile part of the province. Pickerwff^ p. 1 13 and 1 14. — 42 miles S. \V. York. See Neal and Titmouse. * The raifc/ nt BurlitHfton Bay van open^ vhen we passed ihromjk it. Report to the Colonial Secretary in 1830. EASTIIOPE, N. and S. Two settlements in the Huron Tract, adjoining to Wilmot on the W. and separated from each other by the main road leading from Goderich to Wilmot ; from which latter place, it is proposed to continue it through Giielph, and from thence in a direct line to York. Between 80 and 90 miles from York by the present road through Dundas, but the new line will diminish the distance about 15 miles, See Capelain. ERAMOSA. A Township in the Gore District, (on a river of the same name, a branch of the Grand river,) adjoining to Guelph on the N. " I have crossed the township of Nassiguaya, and Eramosa, and found the country in rapid progression throughout, and the price of land enhancing daily, as the old settlers in the district of Niagara, and other places are selling off their olcl improved farms, and are now purchasing in these once remote to>vnships." Pickcn^p, 171. Se? Heming, ERNKSTOWN. A lowiiship ill the niidluiul diHtrict, about \\\ tuilev from Kiuufstoii, well situated on the waters of the bay of Quintt^ : the «oil generally good. Ficken, p. 1 46. See Ofjed IVilsun. FORT CIKOlKilC, See N id (jura. I from (lALT. In the township of Dumfries, belongiiicf to the Ilonourahle Mr. Dickson, is the town of iJalt, founded by that gentle- num, some years before the Canada Company was thought of. It is about 18 miles from Guelph ; it was named in compliment to the gentleman of that name ; who since, by his enlarged views, and enlightened plans, still followed in a degree, by his successors, has so materially contributed to the prosperity of these new settlements, and to the late success of the company. Though this town is as yet, but in its infancy, and will always probably, be secondary to Guelph, its situation, says Bouchette, is particularly eligible ; and cannot fail to attract many settlers of respectability and capital. Picki'v, p. 179. — 21 miles S. W. Dundas. 25 miles N. W. Hamilton. %\ same luelph GARRAFRAXA. A township in the Gore district, N. of Eramosa. See Martin, GODERICII. Is situated at the mouth of a considerable river, the Mait- land, and on the borders of a vast inland sea, which has a remote communication with the Atlantic itself; and having {I deep and well protected harbour, is quite likely, from the ra- pidity with which settlements are making around it, to be- come shortly, a place of no small commercial importance. The town is most judiciously planned, upon the elevated shores of the lake, with which, and the transparent waters of the Maitland, it is surrounded, on three sides. Its streets, near the centre, diverge like radii, from an octagon shaped m market place ; and above the lake is a lighthouse, and from each end of the planned town, already containinjo^ upwards of 300 inhabitants, roads are in progress to the inner towns, and settlements of this rising colony. Ficken, p. 189, 190. See also the description Uilaclied ta the mapSy published by the Caiiada Compamj. GRxVND RIVER. Is next in magnitude to the Thames ; and takes its source in the interior of the country, towards Lake Huron. It flows in a south-easterly course, with very serpentine wind- ings, and traversing a tract of the highest degree of ferti- lity; discharges itself into Lake Erie, at 8herbrooke, between Point au Barbet, and Grand River Point. The river is navigable for schooners, about twenty five miles above its mouth ; and considerably farther up, for large boats. Bouchette, p. 95. A company has recently been formed, for tlie purpose of rendering this river navigable, in its whole course, and the work is now in full operation, as appears from the following advertisement, M'hich was regularly inserted, during the whole of last summer, in the Courier of Upper Canada. LABORERS I I « WANTED IMMEDIATELY, On the line of the new canal from Helm's Creek to Gra- velly Bay — at the Gravelly Bay Harbour, and at the Pier at the mouth of the Gr^nd River, 500 Laborers, to whom good wages will be given, with prompt payment. Apply to H. N. MoNSOx, or Garrison and Little, St. Catharines. Lewes, Garrison and Co, Gravelly Bay. MoNsoN and Camp, Dunviilef G. li. July 23nd. 1831. GUELPH. This town has been laid out by the Canada Company, in the Gore district, on a branch of the Ouse, or Grand River of Lake Erie, called the river Speed, Miiich is a considerable stream, with falls in the vicinity of the town, sufficient to afford sites for fifteen or twenty mills. Limestone, easily 89 fjiKirred, and wiiicli makes excellent lime, is found in the im- mediate vicinity of these falls, and clay well adapted for making hricks is plentiful ; the land is covered Avith iieavy timber, so tliat all materials for buikliiijj^ are abundant. The peration of clearing the ground for the town })lot was com- menced on the '2'M of April, 182/ ; the first building erected, was a large housf^ for the reception of settlers on their arrival* a stone building for a schoolhouse has been erected, and sites for churches and burying grounds given gratuitously to con- gregations applying for the same. As a further inducement to early settlers, the price at first fixed for town lots, of a (juarter of an acre each, was 20 dollars, with the privilege to };'Lirchasers to take up farms in the vicinity, of 50 acres each, at 7s. (5(1. currency, or 1 h dollar per acre. These prices were subsequently raised, first to 30 dollars, and then to 40 dollars for town lots ; and from 15s. to 40s» per acre for farm lots. The Company have opened roads, at their expence, to the various townships around ; and one main road is now in ope- ration from Gu Iph to Dundas, 24 miles, which latter place will become the depot for all grain raised in the back town- ships, fetching, with the mere difference of carriage, as high a price tliere and at Flaniborough, which is 20 miles distant from Gr.elph, as at York, where it is shipped for tbe Mon- treal market. Upwards of 200 houses are now built : a first rate stone grist mill will be in operation in January, J831 ; there are several taverns, where board and lodging may be procured on moderate terms ^ and tradesmen of most des- criptions are among its inhal)itants ; they amount to about 8(X). Settlers, with capital, who prefer establishing themselves on land, on which partial clearings have bet. n made and log- houses erected, will generally rind lots, with such improve- ments, for sale. This arises from persons going originally in very destitute circumstance.-!, or rather dependent on the Company's asslst;ince, wlio, having succeeded on their lots, are willing to sell their land, with a reasonable profit, to new comers, at froin 4 to 6 dollars, vAth the improvements on the same, houses, barns, &c. These individuals generally remove further westward, having acquired sullicient know- ledge of the country, and purchase on the Huron Tract, which is equal in quality, at from 7«. ^'^' to 10.s'. per acre. Persons possessing small capitals will find Guelph one of the most desirable parts of the colony to fix themselves, especially if they have large families. iOO/. on arrival at the 90 I spot, will enable an Industrious person to support his family ; because, in purchasing land, one-fifth only is required to be paid down, and the remainder, with the advantage of having roads and a good market, within 24 miles, can be made off the farm in time to meet the instalments, and in no one instance have the Company, since its formation, had occasion to resort to compulsion for a.iy arrears. When it is considered that in 182/, Guelph was a forest, and that in 1831, it contains near 800 inhabitants, with about 1600 acres of cultivated land, an excePent mill, erected at the cost of 2000/. places of wor^ip, and most of the necessary ac- commodations to be found in English villages, it presents to the future emigrants from Britain, all that rational chance of success and comfort, which could hardly have been anticipated. Cattermole. p. 29. The only practicable road, from Guelph to York, at pre- sent, is by Dundas ; bat a more direct one has been laid out, and is now in progress. See Hemingy Martin. — 24 miles N. W. Dundas. HAMILTON. The county town of Gore district, stands at the head of Burlington Bay, in as beautiful and romantic a situation, as any in the interior of America ; and seems eminently a- dapted by nature, for one of the first commercial points in the province. Picknhig^p, 125. Waggons are regularly provided here, under the direction of the agents for the Canada Company, for the conveyance of emigrants to different places in the interior. 8ee Appendix p, 68.^40 miles S. W, York. Extract from the Hamilton Free Press. Improvement. — It is impossible to view the progress our town is making, without an accompanying degree of admira- tion at its advancement in wealth and importance. The change as to appearance that has taken place in this town, within the last two years is, truly, surprising. Had a traveller visited this place two years ago he would have found scarcely a house of respectable appearance in the place ; he would have found but one printing press : have had the mail once or twice a week, and never have heard of, or seen a steam boat near our port. But now we see houses rising up every where — huge hotels — presses in abundance, literary and political — steam- •'*! 91 boats arriving thrice a week at our ports, and quite a place of business. The population in tliis time has more tlr.in doubled, and is still increasinf]^ rapidly, and our prospects for the future are, bright and cheering. Duudas, liko.visc iias increased greatly, and is still increasing. Brantford and Pa- ris are thriving villages, and bid fair to become places of great consequence, in- case the Grand River is improved. Indeed the province in general is fast populating ; the forests are falling beneath the sturdy blow of the axeman, and our rivers and lakes begin to sparkle with the white winged ships and smoking steamers. HURON. A large tract of country in the London district, l)')U!ided on the W. by Lake Huron, purchased of the crown by th^ Canada Company. If you have no particular motives to induce you to settle in one part of the province, more than another, I would recom- mend to you the Canada Company's Huron Tract, and for the following reasons : — 1st. The land, as I shall have occasion to show, is equal to any in the province, and superior to much the greater part o\ it. 2d. The very great extent of land (nearly eleven hundred thousand acres) gives the settler an extensive power of selec- tion, vrhich he does not possess in any other part of the province ; and when a community, however numerous, comes out, they are enabled to settle together, without any other party interfering with them. 3rd. It possesses numerous streams capable of driving any given quantity of machinery, whether for mills, manufactories, or farming purposes, and it has water- conveyance to carry away produce. 4th. Being from 120 to 400 feet above the level of Lake Huron, it is healthy, and the prevalent winds, the north-west, west, and south-west, blowing over the lake, which from its depth, never freezes, temper the rigour of the winter frosts and summer heat ; and the snow, which has always hitherto fallen in sufficient quantity to afford good winter roads, pre- vents the frost from getting into the ground, so tiuit the mo- ment it melts the spring commences, and the cattle have pasture in the woods fully three weeks sooner than in the same M ?' lt'\ 92 pMruUel of latitiulo oii tlie shores of lake Ontario — a sjreat a(U vantai^e to the farmer luuler any cireiimstances, but an invahi- ahle privilege to a new settler, whose chief difliculty is to procure feeding for his stock during winter. The Company has made good roads through the tract ; cind this regulation, by making every farm be opened towards the road, not only keeps them so, from letting in the sun and air upon them, but secures the residence of eight families on every mile of the road, by whose statute labour it can be kept in the very best repair. It has been objp'-ted by some, that this tract of country is out of the world; but no place can be considered in that light, to which a steam boat can come ; and on this continent, if you find a tract of good land, and open it for sale, the world will very soon come to you. Sixteen years ago, the town of llochester, [in the United States] consisted of a tavern and a blacksmith's shop — it is now a town containing upwards of 16,(KX) itdiabitants. The first time the Huron tract was ever trod by the foot of a white man, was in the summer of 1827 ; next summer a road was commenced, and that winter, and in the ensuing spring of 1829, a few individuals made a lodgment: now it contains upwards of 600 inhabitants, with taverns, shops, stores, grist and saw mills, and every kind of convenience that a new settler can require ; and if the tide of emigration continues to set in as strongly as it has done, in ten years from this date, it may be as thickly settled as any part of Ameri- ca, — %r Goderich has water powers quite equal to Rochester, and the surrounding country possesses much superior soil. Backwoodsman, p. 23, ^c. KETTLE CREEK, or PORT STANLEY. A small river in the township of Southwold, London dis- trict, running into Lake Erie. A considerable sum has lately been expended in erecting two piers, to keep the sand from blocking up the mouth of this river j but it is so much exposed, that the entire accomplishment is very doubtful. Pirkt'rinp^ p. 150. Backwoodsman, p. 118. — 1/0 miles W. York. Sec Goatchar, Cooper, Stcdman, Holden, and Tribe, KINGSTON. An old settled place, situated on the west bank of the Cata- rauqnui ri\er, opposite the naval depot, over which a large m brulgt' is about to be built of wood ; the liarboiu' is iroorl. Tbe houses are built chiefly of stone, and iifenerally hiri^vr than those in York ; the itreets are also paved with stones (in rather a rough manner) which gives it much the appearance of a small sized market town in England, Inhabitants about 3000. There are a number of good stores, and three or four large druggist's shops, as elegantly arranged as some in London. A pretty large and handsome, stone built church ; and another small one, belonging to the establish- ment ; besides roman catholic, presbyterian, and methodist, places of worship. Four steam boats ply between here and Prescot, and up the Bay of Quinte; besides three to Niagara, York, and Queenstown, once a week. Kingston is inhabited chiefly by Europeans, the greater part Irish, I believe ; con- siderable numbers of Scotch ; some Americans ; and, a few English. The market is well supplied with meat, fruit, and vegetables. Pickering, p. 144, 145, 146. The Rideau Canal comes in at Kingston, 166 miles E. of York. LONDON. A town, in a district of the same name, situated on the river Thames: it is at present, but inconsiderable ; but from its position in the heart of a fertile country, is likely to be- come of some importance hereafter, when these extensive wilds are more settled. A road is now completed from Goderich to this place, where it joins the Talbot road, and connects tbe Huron Tract with Port Tolbot. Picken, p. 188, 189, and 191.-130 miles S. W. York. MALAIIIDE. A township in tbe London district ; bounded on the front by Lake Erie ; affords advantages for navigation ; well wa- tered, and well timbered. Picket, p. 19a. Catfish creek runs through part of it. Sec Ste .lan. MONTREAL. Situated on the south side of an island of the same name, in latitude 45o 31' N. and longitude /•> 34' W. is the second city of the province of Lower Canada in point of importance, 94 r but uiKloiibtcdly tlie first with respect to situation, local ad^^ vantages, and superiority of climate ; its form is a prolonged sijuare, that Avith the sulnirb, covers about 1020 acres of ground. A few houses built close together, in the year 1640, on the site of tlie Indian village liochehiga, was the com- mencement of the city of Montreal, or as it was at first luimed Ville Marie; the situation being well chosen, and pos- sessing numy inducements for the colonists to associate them- selves for the comforts and inconvenience of society, the ])lace very soon assumed the appearance of being built with so ne attention to regularity, and solidity of the dwellings, containing a population of 4000 inhabitants its improvement and extension were rapid. In its present state Montreal cer- tainly merits the appellation of a handsome city. It is divi- ded into the upper, and lower town, although the elevation of one above the other is scarcely perceptible. The streets are airy, and the new ones particularly, of a commodious width ; some of them running the whole length of the town, parallel to the river, intersected by others at right angles. The houses are for the most part, built of a greyish stone, many of them large, handsome, and in a modern style. Sheet iron or tin, is the universal covering of the roofs. Among the edifices that attract notice, are the hotel dieu, the convent of Notre Dame, the Montreal general hospital, the hospital general dcs Soeursgrises, the French cathedral, the llecollet convent, the convent of the Grey Sisters, the seminary of St, Sulpice, the new college or petit seminaire, the English and Scotch churches, the Court house, the new gaol, the Government house. Nelson's monument, and the Quebec barracks. Montreal, as it is at present, containing a population of about 30,000 souls, rivals the capital of Canada, in many respects : and as a commercial emporium, certainly surpasses it ; seated near the confluence of several large rivers with the St. Lawrence; it receives by their means, the productions of the best settled, and also the most distant parts of the district ; those of the fertile province of Upper Canada, as well as of the United States. The harbour of Montreal is not very large, but always secure for shipping during the time the navig'ition of the river is open. The en- virons of Montreal exhibit as rich as fertile, and as finely diversified a country, as can well be imaguied. Bouchette^ p. 214, ^c. 95 i'. ellings, NELLES. A settlemcMit in the Niagara district, on the Grand river. Here are considerable saw mills, called Andross mills. See Upton. NELSON. A township in the Gore District, bounded on the front by Burlintrton Bay, having the road from York to Dundas run- ning through it, and watered by a small stream called 12 mile creek. 30 miles S. W. York. Se» Geo. Boxall, Spen- cei', and Luff. NIAGARA, or FORT GEORGE. Is pleasantly situated on apparently a dry healthy soil, at the outlet of the noble river from which it derives its name. It is a v{;ry smart, neat, clean place, with some large stores, and good taverns. The air is milder than on the other side of the lake, and the snow never falls so soon, nor so deep. Niagara to Queenstown, and indeed, round the head of the Lake, to Dundas, Hamilton, and Ancaster, is a fine country, genial air, healthy, well watered and settled. Land is from 305. to X*4. 10*. per acre. Pickering, p. 120 and 121. — It is 36 miles from York, by water, and about 90 by land, through Dundas. It would swell this work too much, to introduce any further description of the Falls than to state, that the river is divided just above them, by Goat Island; and that the width of water on the British side is 2100 feet, and the fall 151 feet, on the American 1140 feet, and the fall 162 feet. Bouchette, p. 103. A city is now building at Niagara, on the plan of the fashionable places of resort in Europe, to be called the City of the Falls. This will necessarily cause a great dwnand for artificers and labourers of all descriptions. The peculiarly favorable geographical position the district of Niagara enjoys, should not go unnoticed. Forming nearly an oblong square, bounded on three sides, by navigable waters, and traversed centrally, by a splendid canal, the aiccess to all parts of it, is rendered extremely easy and invit- ing. The fertility of its soil, and the congeniality of its flinuite, are not excelled in any dictrict of the province, un- less it be, probably, by the Western. The choicest fruits ;» i '■' 96 seem to be indigenous to its soil ; peaeiies, iieeturlncs, and apples, arc richly clustered, on the branches of crowded or- chards, and acquire a de/^ree of perfection, cfjualled only on the luxuriant banks of the Detroit river. The sublimity of the views disclosed in the Niai^ara river, and the picturescpie varieties of landscape produced by the Queenstovvn heii^hts, and occasional ineciualities of surface, give the scenery of this district a decided superiority, over that of any other in Upper Canada. BoucUette, p. 103. See IV. Phillijjs, from Merston. NICIIOL. A toM'nship in the Gore district, lyii«g nortli of Gueljjh, and having a branch of the Ouse or Grand Jliver running through it. See Martin. OXFORD. A village in the London district, on the Thames, having Dimdas street running through it. Bouchette, p. 97. — 103 miles S. W, York, 27 1^. London. See Capelain. PORT STANLEY See Kettle Creek. PRESCOT. Now called Fort Wellington : is important, as being the chief stage between Kingston and Montreal, from which it is distant 130 miles, and between which coaches run every day, except Sundays. From the position of this place how- ever, at the head of the Montreal boat navigation, and at the foot of the Sloop, and steam navigation from the lakes, it must soon increase in extent, as it will rise in importance. Pickerif p. 114. 228 miles N. E. Y'ork. See Hill, Stedman, Smart, Martin. QUEBEC. The capital of Lower Canada, and the residence of the governor general of British North America ; is situated in 46o 55' N. latitude, and &> 48' W. longitude. The city is 07 the it seated on a piv)'iv)ul/)rv, on the N. W. side of the St. Lau'- reiice, fortiie;! by that river and the St. CliarU\s. The ex- tremity of this headland is called Cape Diamond, whose highest point rises 345 feet above the level of the water. The city is divide! into upper, and lower town ; and in 1/59 the population of Uuel)ee was estiinated at between 8 and {)0()0 • at present, inehidint^ the suburbs, it is about 28000* '^l"'he public edifices are, the castle of St. Louis, the h6tel dieu, the convent of the Ursulines, the monastery of the Jesuits, now turned into barracks, the protestant and catho- lic cathedrals, the Scotch cluirch, and the lower town diurcb trinity chapel, a wesleyan chapel, the exchange, the Quebec bank, the military and emigrant hospitals, the court house the seminary, the goal, tiie artillery barracks, and a monu ment to Wolfe and Montcalm : there are two principal mar- ket-places, besides two minor ones, a place d'armes, a parade, atul an esplanade. The communication between Quebec and Montreal, has been rendered not only easy, and expeditious but even agreeable, by the improvements that have, within late years, taken place in the construction of steamboats. The first steamboat that plied on the St. Lawrence, was launched in the year 1812, and steamers now start almost every day, from both cities, and perform the voyage, up the river (180 miles) in from 36 to 40 hours, but are several hours less in accomplishing the trip downwards, from the ad- vantage of having a current setting in this direction, as far as the Richelieu, where they meet with the tide. — A large vessel (stated at 700 or 800 tons) is now [1832] on the stocks at Que- bec, and will soon be launched, destined to navigate, as a steam packet, between that capital, and Halifax, in Nova Scotia. Thus will be formed, an extensive line of steam vessel com- munication, from the Atlantic sea coast, to Amherstburgh, one of the remote settlements of Upper Canada, a distance exceeding 1500 statute miles, which ^^e may expect soon, to see extended to the head of Lake ^iuiu': j and eventually, to the western extremity of Lake Sup 'n(v , about 700 miles be- yond Amherstlmrgh ; yielding a gi aid total, of nearly 2200 miles of internal steam navigation. The navigation being closed in November, the intercourse between Quebec and Montreal is carried on in winter, by stages, that start regularly from each city, thrice a week, and perform the journey in two days, the intervening night being devoted by the travellers to rest. Bouchctte,p. 241, ^r. I t m SIMCOE (LAKE.) T^w Home district, between Lukes fluroii and Ontanoy co\ 1 surface of about 3(X) square miles, and is tlie most extci 8 interior lake of the Upper Province. Judj^inii^ from the IfCight of the frequent falls and cascades by which its outlet is broken, the elevation of its surface nmst be, at least, one hundred feet, above the level of Lake Huron ; and there- fore much blither than that of Lakes Erie and Ontario. The project contemplated of linking Lakes Huron and Ontario, l)y canals with Lake Simcoe, though not impracticable in itself, would nevertheless be attended with some difficulty, from the frequent lockage that would necessarily be required in a comparitively short distance. Yet there can be little doubt that, eventually, when the shores of LsdvC Huron are covered by a dense agricultural, and commercial population, such a communication by water, will be found of the highest utility, in facilitating the intercourse between the settled parts of the colony. The lands in the vicinity of Lake Sim- coe Jire remarkably fine, and like most of the lands of the province, ))eculiarly easy of cultivation from the depth of the soil, and ecjuality of the surface. Buuchette, p. 85. See Martin and H. Cooper, See Advertisement yj). 70. SOUTHWOLD. A township in the London district, bounded on the front by Lake Erie, affords advantages of navigation; well tind)ered. Kettle Creek running through it. Picken,p. 195. Sec J. A, Tribe. THAMES, (RIVER.) Formerly called Rivit^re h. la Tranche ; rises far in the in- terior, rather north of the township of Blandford ; and after pursuing a serpentine course, of about one hundred and fifty miles, in a direction, nearly south west, discharges itself into Lake St. Clair. It is navigable for large vessels as far up as Chatham, fifteen miles above its mouth ; and for boats, near- ly to its source. The river winds through a fine level country, highly fertile, and rich in every requisite for new settle- ments; its banks present many fine plains, and excellent natu- ral meadows. The soil is principally a sandy earth, intermixed •with large quantities of loam, and sometimes marl ; under m vvhlcli is a substratum of day; and the Hats of the river, uniuially ac(|uire mucli richness, fron\ the overllowinjv of tliose parts of its banks, by which rich alluvial deposits are miidc upon the surface. The oak, maple, walnut, beech, and pine, growing in its vicinity, are of very superior quality. There are roads opened along its course, and on each side of it, numerous scattered settlements, down to Lake St. Clair ; but the roads are rather neglected, from the preference gene- rally given to the use of the river, as a highway. The Dela- ware Indian village, and another of Moravian settlers, are situated on it. The last is about thirty five miles from the mouth of the river, and is under the superintendance of mis- sionaries, from the society of the Moravian united brethren, who maintain a chapel here. There are many Indian con- verts residing in it, whose peaceable conduct, and general demeanour, show some of the benefits derived from civiliza- tion. The village is surrounded by thriving corn fields, and tillage has made considerable progress in its neighbour hooil. Bouchette, p. 93 and 94. The flats of the river Thames, which in some places are extensive, are the richest land in the province, the soil in some parts, a loamy fat clay, covered by a rich black mould, very similar to the fertile vale of Aylesbury, in Buckingham- shire ; in other places, a sandy or gravelly loam, dry, wch, and well watered with springs. Plckeniv/^p. 92. WATHRLOO. A township in the Gore district, settled mostly by Dutch. Tlie soil appeared to be a good, useful, sandy loam, well watered by streams and springs. I was delighted with the cultivation, especially upon the farms of Schneider and Warner: each farm might be from 200 to 300 acres, laid out into regular fields, and not a stump to be seen. The plough- ing was capital ; the crops most luxuriant ; and the cattle, horses, &c. of a superior stamp ; with handsome houses, barns, &c. and orchards, promising a rich return. Waterloo satisfied me above all that I had yet seen, of the capability of Canada to become a fruitful and fine country. Fergusson on the Agricultural state of Canada. 1831 . — 30 miles N. W. Hamilton. See Rapson, Adsett, Ann Thomas, Evans. X 1(N) AVILMOT. A townsliij) in tlio (iore district, liordoring on tho Iluroii Tract : a road is now completed from hence to Cioderich, Pickrn^ p. li)l. See Martin, and Cunuda Cominint/s Infor- matiun, p. 0!). WOOLWICH. A township in the (lorf district, south of NichoU, waterctl by a branch of the Oiisc or Grand River. See Martin. YORK The infant capital of Upper Canada ; in hititude A!'M 33' N and in longitude 7^^ 20' VV. is exceedingly well situated, in the toMiiship of the same name, on the north side of an ex- cellent harbour. It is very regidarly laid out, with the streets running at right angles, and promises to l)ecome a very hand- some town. The plot of ground marked out for it, extends about a mile and a half along the harbour ; but at present, the number of houses docs not greatly exceed four hundred aiul fifty, the greatest part of which, are built of wood : but there are, however, many very excellent ones, of brick, and stone, and most of the numerous dwelling houses, annually added to the town, are of the latter description. The public edifices arc, a government house, the house of assembly for the provincial parliament, a church, a court-house, a college, provincial bank, and a gaol, with numerous stores and build- ings, for the various purposes of government. The new parliament house, the emigrant asylum, the law society hall, the Scots kirk, and a baptist chapel, are also conspicuous in the list of the recent improvements of the town, and are evidence of nuich public spirit and prosperity. The harbour of York is nearly circular, and formed by a very narrow peninsula, stretching from the western extremity of the townsliip of Scarborough, in an oblique direction, for abovit six miles, and terminating in a curved point, nearly opposite tiie garrison ; thus enclosing a beautiful basin, about a mile and a half in diameter, capable of containing a great immber of veidsels, and at the entrance of which ships may lie with safety, during winter. No place in either province,^ 101 li5\^ iniule so rapid a progress as York. In the year 17'''% the spot on whiuli it stands, presented oid\ one solitary Indi- an wigwam ; in the ensuing spring, the ground for tiie future metrojMjHs of Upper ('anada was lixed upon, and the huiid- ings connnonecd, under the inunediate s\iperinten(hinee of tiic late (ieneral Sinicoe, ti»en Lt. (jovernor, whose liheral and eidarged plans of iniprovenuMit, have materially advaneed tiu? welfare and prosperity of the province. In the sj)ace of live or six years, it hecame a respeetahle plaee, and ra[)idly increased to its present ijuporlanee : it now contains a popu- lation of four tiiousand souls. Immediately in the rear of the town, is a very good road, called Yonge street, that leads to Gwillindniry, a snudl village, tliirty two miles to the north- ward, and thence five miles more to Cook's hay, from which l)y Lake Sinicoe, there is a communication to Lake Huron. This being a route of much importance, was greatly improved by the north west company, for the double purpose of short- ening the distance to the Upper Lakes, and avoiding any contact with the American frontiers. The land on each side of it, for a considerable depth, is very fertile and many settle- ments arc already formed, where some of the farms are in a good state of cultivation. BoitchettCy y, 86. ^t. — 355 miles W. Montreal. See H, Cooper, LAKES. Above the Greatest Greatest Average level of the length. breadth. depth. high tide of the sea. feet. miles. miles. feet. Ontario 180 40 500 218 Erie 2/0 80 200 548 Huron 250 100 900 570 ^Mjjerior 3()0 140 fXX) 1048 END or GAZKTTEEli. lOJ WRITERS on the Cimadas and Emiffration\ and Maps of the Canadas, iSj-f. ivhich may be had of J. FhiUips, Pe^tvorth. Topographical and statistical description of the ^)rovinces of Lower and Upper Canada, Xew Brunswick, Nova Scotia, the Islands of Newfoundland, Prince Edward, and Cape Bre- ton, including considerations on Laud granting and Emigra- tion ; to which are added Statistical Tables, Tables of Dis- tances, &c. Bi/ Joseph Bouchefte. In 2 ro/a. 4to. price £2. \6s, boards. London, Longman, Ii^2. Maps by the Author, Topographical Map of the Districts of Quebec, Three Rivers, and Gaspe, on the scale of two and three quarters miles to an inch. 7^- 3in. by 4ft. 2in. — Topographical Map of the District of Montreal, on the same scale, comprehending part of that section of Upper Cana- da traversed by the Rideau Canal, 7ft. 2in. by 3ft. 6in. Geographical Map of the British N. American Possessions.. 6ft. 3in. by 3ft. 3in. scale 14 miles to an inch. Containing Upper and Lower Canada, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, &c. &c., by J. Bouchette, Jun. price £2. lis. British America, by John McGregor, Esq. 2 vols. Svo. prire 28s. bds. Blackiuood, Edinborough : Cadeil, London, 1832. The advantages of Emigration to Canada, being the sub- stance of two Lectures, dehvered at the Town- hall, Colches- ter, and the Mechanic's Institution, Ipswich, by William Catiermole. Simpkln and Marshall, London. 1831. pr. 3a'. The Emigrants Pocket Companion ; containing ; what emigration is, who should be emigrants^ where emigrants should go ; a description of British North America, especially the Canadas ; and full instructions to intending emigrants. by Robert Mudie. Whittaker, Treacher, and Co. London. 1832. price 6s. The Canadas as they now are, by Franth Pairplay, London, 1833. J. Duncan, Paternoster Row. aps of cvorih. ]0:i ivinces Scotia, >c Bre- inigra - ^f bis- price Three uarters on the r Cana- 1. ession&. itaining Scotia, h. Svo, London, he siib- ;)olches- Williom . pr. 3a*. f J wliat nigrants specially ligrants. London, ''airplay. Hints on Eiaii;r;itioii to Upper Canada, especially ad- dressed to t]ic mi'ldic and loner classes, bij Martin Doyle, Viimj (hid Co, Dublin. SiuijJcin and Marshall, London, Oliver and Hoi/d, Edliihi'rgh. 18;i'2, urir:^ \s. Statistii;L4l Sl, Chcapside, 18^)2. Price Of/, or bs. per doz. i ?HPI 'iMi T'ETWOR'J'Il ; PRIXTED BY JOHN PillLLrP?*, CHURCH STREET. SUPPLE^[ENT. From Jesse Penfokl, fCarpeitterJ who Nnit from Lnrf/its/ntN, with his H'ife and five Children. Gnlt^Junuanj \st. !8.').'5. Mr. and Mrs. Hill., I have wrote this few Hnes to you, to inform you, that we are all in good health ; and we hopes to firifl you all, the [same.] Now I am going to state [in] this letter, about this country. We are settled in Giilt townsliip, at present, and we likes it ; we get plenty of work, and very well paid : we tradespeople, get from 5*. to 7s. 6d. per day ; board, and lodging, and washing, if [we] wish itj and now I have 3 houses in hand ; and expects 5 or G in the spring. I have a house in hand now, 42ft. by 26ft., besides the outbuildings. We square all the main timber, and find, at 10*. per huu- mirmmmmmn'mmmummimfaf.^mm' J, Phillips, Printer. Petworth. the hfiad of Vork, or any le those wha nada, to join^ le. ig themselves pper CanacUty Library, Pet- ip^ unless tho P ships ; th«J (vith Emigrar- /^/^/ ^^ Mf-'. '■