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32X

EMIGRATION;

L E T T E R S

FROM

SUSSEX EMIGRANTS,

WHO SAILED FROM PORTSMOUTH,
IM APRIL 1832, OX BOARD THE SHIPS,
LORD MELVILLE AND EVELINE,

FOR

U PPER CANADA:

EXTRACTS

PROM VARIOUS WRITERS ON EMIGRATION TO CANADA,
AND FROM CANADIAN NEWPAPERS, WITH
REFERENCES TO THE LETTERS :

CAPT. HALE'S
INSTRUCTIONS TO EMIGRANTS;

AND

A GAZEITEER

OP THE PLACES NAMED IN THE LETTERS.

SOLD BY JOHN PHILLIPS!, PETWORTH, AND B.V
LONGMAN AND CO. LONDON.

MDCCCXXXIIl.

Price Two Shillings.

~.s:f ' fi'tMmm»9mmt»*mmmime»iimmtw>(t

rF.TWORTII :

PRINTED IJY .TOIIX IMUIJ-H'S,

CIIURCn STREET.

SttAi' OK Tiu; 'SU'VTi'i:iMTJf3 iw th*: PiiDYlTi'Yi;!: i>

i-d \y -niv. yUU'VTl^i^'J:! ok XTPfJlJi L'Ai'YAl^A

IM'liODICTIOX.

Tin the bi'f^iiJiiii)^ ot'thc year IS.'i2, a C'oininittee wa« formed
rff I'ctwortii, uiuier the t-aiu'tioii of llie Earl of Egreinont, to
aft'ord iissi.stauee to «ucli persons Uh mit|;ht wiah to emigrate
t\) Canada; and the followhig paper uas printed, and circuhitcd
in the neij.jhbourliood.

Prtwurfh, March Ut. 1^2.

InforHui'ion lu Pvrxons dcsiroi/s of enti^/rafinf/ front this
Ncifjhbotirhuud^ to I'pjnw (Uiuadn.

In Ihe parish of Petworlh, >vhcre the Tarl of Egremont
pofts«'««scs nearlv llie wluile oftlift bud, his F.urdship has sij^niried
his iutfiition, ol d«'fia>inj; tlie wliok' of tlie cxpence, of persons of
npjirt(vcd thunictpr.wishini; to proceed to Upper Canada; and,
in any other paiish, in proporJiou to the property he owns in
liiat parish. Kncoura^t'd by this liheiid support, an engagement
has bren ciilert-d inio, for tiie ship LORD MELV^ILLE, 425 *
'fons register, A. 1. c<»pj)ert{4 and copper fastened, and sheathed,
villi 7 fret heiuhl bctwtcn <lecks, and extra ventilating scnttles,
vhich is to be comforUbly lilto(i up ai Foitsiuouth, and to saii
ironi thence for Movtrcal, direct, on the 5th. of April next,
i assengers to be on boarcl on the 4th5 at hitest. A superinten-
«lt:ul (with his Nvile and faruily) goes out with Lord Egremont's
j)aity, and will conduct theni direct to York, in Upper Canada,
(n>, or \\VA\', which city he intends to setllo) paying every atten^
tion to their comforts on the route.

^ To alTi,r<l awjile sjiacfj'or the /ias,'<i'jif/cr,s', thin sh'ip u res-
fridcd to curry 'i'^\fcivcr (hun o.l hired tnj Ad vf Parllamant*

I' *■

li\

A suriifon iiKo sails in tliis •■liip, wlju^c ilufy il \\i\\ be lo nf-
triul (i^ratisj l(» iIip lirnllh of tlir pn«:«'pi'2«*r?. Tlie wliolo of
tlio exp<'Hte iVorn rorlsinoulli t(» York, I ppcr Caiiiul ), is chIcii-
hitrd, for iidults, 10/. C liildrcii uikIit fwuiUcii ycarii, o/. liit'uiil*
umler 12 montlis, fV<M .

On llipse terms, anv persons, x^isliiiij; to i»vail llifnisflvrs of
the peculiar a(l\aiita;;(s thus proriitoil, may join the I'ctwortJi
party, if tliey J>iynif) their intention lo <!»• no, on, or hehire satiir«
(lav, the 17th, (lav of March instant ; and lu.ike a deposit (at the
printer's) of 2/, for every adult | asscn:;er, and T, for <?fery per-
son under 14 years; engaging to p«y the remainder, on going on
board,

Persons parttculut It/ wishing to hoard ihrmsfWes, may be
conveyed with the Petworlli party, from Tortsmouth, to York,
in Upper Canada, medical attendance, and every other cxpence
included, for 5' ; or to Monlreal ow/y, should they not wish to
proceed any farther, nor to avail ihenjselves durini^ the voyage
of the assistance of the superintendenf, f«»r 0/ . 10 . ; but
it is probalde that thry would find more comfort, and on the
vhole, less c\pence, by being boarded under his management.
'1 lie sea stor<'s contain brantly, porter, and voveral other articles,
likely to contribute to the comfort of the passett|;;ers ; to be given
out, under the direction of the surgeon, as circumstances may
require.

Experience has p'cvidy that the practice pursued on many
former occasiuis, of tandlvf/ (Jtiif/rants at t/iefrst Amtricon
port, and Icariny them, nrilh a ,sviutt sum of money in their
pockets, has eapcsed them to ercry kind of fraud and imposi-
tion ; they havinfj been soon piUayed of what they had, or led
to squander it idly away, and th?fs left [lennyless, and without
employment in a strange land. To tjuard against this evil, the
above phm has been adopted, of covveybig the emigrants, at
QNCE, to u'hcre work can, with certainty, be found ; and jjla-
cing them xuider the charge of a svperbdendent , whose business
il tvill be, in conj unction with the government agent, to attend

(it lh< III I ill Dull hitjvrt i.v ijhliihu'd . I'lfllc or no mnnrij i.s t/n-rr-
J'ni'c ri'(/uireti Inj labovr'imj ninf/rnniHy on f/o-ir urr'nuil . '"//,
any sum ftaid to Ihe Pvt worth ('onnnHtt'i\ irill he rt'/mhl uf
York, I'lijifi' Vuntitlu^ into their ha nils, or to Ihiir iimmntn, as
aiatf hi' desired.

Under tlicsf iirrHii^emrntrt an f xcfllfiit opportunitv is jin"tii(!«Ml
1o rfsprctyhle uiiinarrifd I'riiiMloi*, wlio iimy \\i^|| lu join uny rr.
Ltiom «r friends, aliTi«<ly ^phUmI in I |»|ur ('iiiiadu ; as llwy
could \tc pliicetl under the inunrdittlc prulccliun ot the siipenii-
tendrnt and bis wife.

'^ Liht of Xoccssaricft for Kiui^Tiuits to T'ppc r(!an:uhi.

Sint/U' Men mnst huv
A 1)8(1 ur tnatlres5.

etal plate, ur woode

Irenclier.

tionie kind ut' nietul tun or

mug.
Kud'e, t'urL, and ypoun.

Fiimilies fthonld take thi

nodding.

Blankets.

Sheets, \c.

Pewter j)lales, or wooden
trenchers.

Knives and Corks, and spoons.

Ildal cups and mugs.

Tea kettles, and saucepans.

Working tools, of all descrip-
tions.

(A larye tin can, or watering
pot would he useful.)

Besides various other portable articles in domestic use (^especi-
ally of metal) according as fiiiuilies may be provided. A cask,
not exceeding the size of a hogshead, or 00 gallons, aftords nn ex-
cellent and dry case, for packing such articles as are not likely
to be wanted 'till the end of the voyage. All packages should
be marked witii the owners name, in large letters. Five hundred
ht of lu""age is allowed to be taken by each individual, above

All, or any of which, may be
procured at Portsmtrnth, if
the parties arrive there uu-

)ro»

idcd,

wei!

14 years otage

* Sec Cojil. Halts Instruct to na, p, 72.

TltefaUoi'-liig k flie lairvat oi'lfn'^ revoiniucndcd lo Vnnslwif
/(;}' ilivir Ldfwrcrs-, of cuitrfic, 'mvl tiding/ aifch urfidi't! as
thty vlrcttdy poaai'ss.

Two Jt'i^oy frocl\s.

1 (lur sliirts.

Four puirs ofstockisigs.

'JMufc pairs of shoes.

A bible and piavor book*

A fur cap.

A wunn «:reat coat.

A Husirm«j; jacket lV trowsors.

A duck frock and Irowscr.s.

A canvas frock ainl two pairs

of trowsers.

Women in llie san\e proportion, especially a warm idoak.
All the ahare nimj Lr purchased (ff Petwcrth.

it is alsi) a niuKer of {zreat iniporlauce, tliat cnii;4rants slionld
lake with iheni a jjood character, (if tliev should have the hap-
piness to possess one,) fairly written, and weil attested ; also, co-
pies of !irarria;:e or baptisaial registers, or any other certificates
or papers lii^ely to be useful ; tiie uhole to be inclosed in u sniall
tin case.

vSoon after llic pulflication of the above, all the passau:es on
board the Lord Melville, wt'i'^- i^ni^fV^t'd ; and the Commii-
tee were conijulird, for a time, to decline rceeivinj; any more
<tepo»itb: — but tlic applications contiiuiing to ])e very uume-
loii!?, seme of them from pariyhey in the adjoir.inu; counties,
aid Irom ;)laees ni»t originalh' contemplated, (it having even
been pi opened to send one party overland from lloyston, in
Ctimbrid^'tisliire,) they at lenj.tb decided upon engaging
the l^vtline, an(;tlicr lirst class ship, and made arrangements,
that both \etssels bhculd be brought up into the harbour of
rort!r<mouth, and sail from thence, on the same da)'. 'I'his
siecordingly took plate, on the 11///. vfAprU, the number on
bi):inl tiie two L-bips being as stated hereafter.

'i'he pa!r>age Mas unfortunately h)nger, and more rough,
than i;. i:tiial at that seanon. to ti:e great, though unavoidable,
clisjomica't of many on beard ; but the whole parly, rxee[)ting
cne infant hi eiieh ^>hij), (\vJ:o died at L^ea) re.nehed Uuebee,

'■>«■;
.'•*.

ii't

'A\\\\ iva:\ i';c]\?V[d]y spoakiiii^, In '^•ooil }io;tlL!i. At tli.-it :)];n".v
(tiu' iiiifortuiiuU" yoim^i^ nitm ua.s drowned, in (V>nse(nr.'iu\'"
of excess in drinkin;^, :ind anotlier, from the saine c;iu';e, at
Montreal. ' (>5ei' Ara/, /;. 5.) The party quittc<l the latter
}5lace, jnst i wo days l)ef!)re the appearance of tlie eholer;i
there, and (with one or two cx'.:ej>tion.s) entiirly e^^caped its
ravajj^es, diu'ln-;" tlunr proii^ress up tlie (Country ; aU,h()ujfh it
afterward--., nniiappily, broke ont, with i^reat violence, wliere
sonte of them iv.i'i settled. (Sec ('ttpeMu.'f k'ftcr, p. 16.) After
the cmi<;-rants arrived at York, they were forwarded to variou.4
jdaces in tlie province, by direction of the Lt. Governor Sir
J. Colborne. and either se'dled on land, or i^ot immediate em-
ploynient, at hii;-h waue.^. They seen\ indeed t;> be so happily-
distributed, as to alford a hoi>e, tiiat, in the lan^'uage of some
of their own letters, they will not only, '''do fhe)»,'ic'lv('.\' some
(/ood," but also be able, materially to assist the first efforts,
of those of their former neii^hbonrs, who may hereafter be
disposed to join them : antl it is no*-, {KM'haps, going too far,
to indulge the expectation, that some of the settlements form-
ed by these Sussex emigrants will, eventually, become of
great importance in the province. One, in the liist improving
government township of Adekiide, to which a considerable
number of them was sent, has already been called by the Sur-
veyor, "Gotdchcry" aftei the name of an industrious, and
worthy man, from Pulborough, in this County, uho hud
charge of the party in the Eveline,

It will be seen that the letters and extracts form a chrono-
logical series from the day of the sailing of the two ships, froni
Portsmouth, down to the date of the last letter (November
21st.) Many others have been received, but they are either
not so explanatory, as those which are given, or merely con-
tain repetitions of the same facts.

The Conuuittee have taken considerable pains to obtain a
sij^ht of all the letters that have arrived, from those who emi~

Viijs* ^.tu^tlj|8,J«a^^M«^«^»tf!Jii«f ,.

VI 1 1

I I

I i

grated under their iniinun^enient, and tliey have wA yet secti
one, in which the writer reii^rets tl»c steps he lias taken, whikr
expressions to tlie contrary arc very numerous.

They are faithfully j^iven in the very wonls of the writers,
and even where, in some instances, the sense might seem to
require a little alteration, that liberty has not been taken: the
spelling alone (to save extra trouble, in copying and printing)
has been corrected.

It is gratifying to observe the warm feelings of affection
towards those they have left, and that innate love of coiuitry,
so common to englishmen, forcibly expressed in several of the
letters : many of the emigrants contemplating a final return
to their native soil aiul friends, with improved means, in a
few years; others that they shall be able, at some future period,
to visit the objects still so dear to them in this country, with-
out abandoning the property they may have acquired in Ca-
nada.

Reports having been circulated, by persons unfriendly to
emigration, that the very favourable accounts which had becii
received from preceding emigrants, were deceitful fabrications :
many curious devices were practiced, by the friends of those
who went from Sussex, to guard against the possibility of
imposition. The paper on which letters from Canada v ere
to be written, was prepared in England, either by a heading
in the hand of a friend, a name written across, certain mys-
tical holes pricked with a pin, or, what was more general, a
sort of tally, formed by a corner of the paper being scrawled
upon, and then torn off, the piece torn away being carefully
preserved at home. In one instance, a very small, and
peculiarly shaped, crooked pin, placed under the seal, came
back from the " far ives't ;" with especial directions, that
this infallible proof should be again returned thither. These
directions have been complied with, and the crooked pin,
is now once more on its voyage.

yet st'«*fi
II, wliiKr

writers,
seem to
ien: the
>rinting)

iflfection
•oiintry,
il of the
,1 return
,iis, in a
e period,
y, with-
l in Ca-

cndly to

ladbeeii

cations :

of those

ibility of

ida T ere

heading

tin mys-

Mieral, a

crawled

arefuUy

all, and

[il, came

as, that

These

:ed pin.

On a comparison of those letters, with the extracts t'o^ -
taiiicd in the appendix, thry will be found fully to confin>i
a'l that has been stated, on the advantages to be obtained Iiy
an ijuhistrious man, in emigrating to Canada. The oii^y s-f-
rious f)bstacle seems to he, the discomforts of the Voyage, and
the fatigues of the subsequent journey up the country fro; i
Montreal, altho' even these are spoken very light of, by sonit;
of the letter writers, and by others, not noticed at ail.

A voyage across the Atlantic, must of necessity, be at-
tciulrd by inconveniences, discomforts, and even sulicriugs,
(t') some constitutions) which it is not in human power,
entirely to prevent ; still, they maybe alleviated ; and should
the Committee ever again tit out a «hip, they hope to do so in
a considerable degree, by an improved arrangement of the
berths, es])ecially, as concerns the accommodation of families,
an:! by m;iking a larger allowance of space to individuals,
rrnrraily. ITiider their former plan, it was stipulated, that
t!i'.' nuuibrr taken on board, should not exceed three fourths
of that tillowedby the actof parliament, called the passengers
a.'t, but on any future similar occasion, they would diminish
llie number still further. Profiting also by experience and
informatioi!, they would lay in such provisions, for those who
might not chuse to board themselves, as should be suited, as
far as possible, to their usual modes of living ; and would en-
deavour to engage, as general superintendent, some person
w ho has been regularly brought up to the sea, and whose
previous habits would enable him, to be of most use to those
under his care, at the time when his services would be most
needed. A^'ith respect to the journey up the country, after leav-
ing Montreal, the fatigues and irksomeness of this part of
the expedition, are almost wholly got rid of, by the comple-
tion of the llideau Canal (see Government advertisement, p.
65.) and the facilities afforded by a newly invented steamer,
which has been found capable of stemming the currents at

i'l

Kv, t^

iN t

MatiUlii, ii'kI tlio iippor piirt ofllio St. LanTcnce, (sec copy of
udvertiseiiKMit, p. (i7-) The emigrants would iilso have the
assistance of the superintendent; ji part of whose eui^agement
it would be, to conduct sueh of them as mijjflit desire it to
York ; or Hamilton ; or any other port at the head of Luke
Ontario.

Those who have made up tiieir minds to emiiijrate, but are
still hesitatini^, whether thjy will go to the United States or
to Canada, are advised to peruse a recent publication entitled
" United States or Canada ;" which contains much forcible
reasoning on the subject, founded on personal observation,
and from Avhich the comparative table of the import duties
payable in each country-, has been borrowed. See also extracts
from i hat very instructive and entertaining work the Back-
it'Oixlmian, y>. 61.

The Committee particularly wish to call the attention of
every emigrant to Capt. Hale's "Instructions" which are
given (at page 7~) i'l hi>^ owmi words : they are the result of
much personal experience, and arc so clearly expressed, that
it is impossible to misunderstajul, and so good, that it is im-
possible not to benefit by obeying them.

The ga/rttcer to the lette; .« , has been compiled for the in-
formation of those who may not be well acijuainteil with the
geography of Upper Canada; and it is hoped, tliat the whole
collection will afford much information in a small compass, to
those who may not have leisure or inclinfition for niiudi re-
search ; while to those who may wish to go further into the
subject, the Committee beg to reconnnend the Avorks, of whicli
a list is to be found page 102.

IVtworth,
February Ith. 1833.

T. SOCKl'/lT,

Til Fi S|]ij)s, Lord ^^^:l,VH.^K iind Evki.im,, cuL^af^fd l)y
tlic; l\'t\V()rtli ('ouiinltU'c actiniTi lur the litirl of E(jrf-
niont^ sailed from PoursMoi rn, for Mo.\ riiK.vi., <».i
the lllli. April, ISI^J^, uitli Piissi.'iii;cr.s bt'lonniiiii^ to th«
followini^ plact's ; the parties (^ijfeiierally) to be con(iut.'te',l
to York, in rpiM;i{ ('.wada.

From what Flace.

Sussex,

Petwortli '

Tillin^toii . . . .|
Northehapel . .|
Lur<i;;ishall . . . .
Farnlimst . . . .'
Lodswortli . . . .!

Kirdford

Alfold ;

Suilinirton . . . .
Pul borough . . . .

Big'iior !

Fittleworth . . . .|

Coates '

Sutton '

Wisboro' Green |
Shipley . .
Ant»;mering
Walberton
Felpham . .
Paghani .
Stoughton . .
Ashington, . .
AVoollavington
Iping Burton
Merston and
Bury, 1 eaeh,
Thakehani . .
Broadwater . .
Singleton
Wiston ....

A()iiltt>

....

4
6

•20
.">
I

IS
4
2
3
4
2

4
o

2
1
1
2

()

13
3
2

• •

2
2
2

• •

1
4
4
I
1

I'lidor

It 1

vrs. of

,Ai.-e 1

I \

«i

2 i

()

, "4

' • ■

'■ 3
:' b

' 7
i

2
3

• •

3
6
I
2

/ I'
\ J

s:i

'^^^

• •

5
1
3

]

6
I
1

Carrkd forward 139 75 1 94 1 80

4.5
10!

1 2-; !

■ /2i

: is!

: 91

' r)Sl

1 41

I 11
; 10

! 3
i 9
I 13
I 3

! 4

' 21

394

;■ i.i

I" .- li

I'roin what Pluce.

Aiults

Til

•I.'r II
of Ak?'

Ik
E

Hants

Jiro(ff//if over.. . . \\i\)

{St

crp, (near "^

r/i

Lurp-asliJill) j

Itt'liiiiu^tone^ I

Northiiii^^lon j

lvi]iii,toii ' ?t

('ainbri(i<!;t';>hirc. liovfstoii 'i ()

J)4 ; hO

^urrcw

ChitUliiigfold
]-inrhmri't' . ,
llusc'onib . . .
Ilaslcmcre . .

Stoki'

AVitlcy

South wark .

8
2

H
2

4
1
1

2 1^ 2
2

Total under the niaiiaii^oiiicnt of ] ;|,jj.> ^,^

Hit; I'ciworth Conu^nittce.. . . i ! | '^

l)()i-kiiiLr,&c....; 48 I 20

109
23

1231

,132

i3{)4
3

5
21
12

i)
21 I

102
12

114

191
103

594
9

Mr. Ilf-iiiiii!: (frcni Cliichesler) wpuf out

i s a Cabin rassftigcr iu ihe Lord

Melville.
/. Lady (with her seven C'lildrpii) poiiip^

lojoiii lu T Iiu>bnii(l, wiio had |iiiich;;6.

« fl Lund iJid settled wvav Guclj h, ulso

•weut out iu the sanie bhip . . _

Passcui^aTs in the two Ships C*03

IX addition to the a];ovc, tlic Sliip Enclaxd, whicli had
been originally en«;i.:,cd by tlic Fetwoith Conunittcc-, also
baik'clln la l'oitsn'(,utii, MaylHli, 1K32, mu'cr similar ur-
i'aiJj„t'Liciits, M'itli Euiis^rajits IrouitJic I'ollowiug places.

b„S£CX.

Hants.
Kent. .

From what Place

Arundel

Bliistr<l

Berhtvd

AVisboro' creen

Odiliani

FortKuiouth

Mu'.us

' Fem..;e.-i

"l ToiarNo.]
' ol I'ersoiiH

()

1(5

2:>

. .)

.'o

. .

"71 "

104

Making a Tctul Number of "iCyf Enii^jrants.

'.a

At;o

1 ^ 1

' H i

31)4

• •

102

101

103

114

594

• •

. . .003

ivliich luid
ultce, also
i-iniilar ur-
pltices.

Total No.
' ol Persons

IG
25
70

25
1G4

Thvf(jUfnrin(j Cojnj of a Letter from R. Mount, Esq. to Mr.
J(t,/ns Ilo/bij, at IJiorji-le-soken, has been rece'wed since
the ahurc teas sent to press.

Carrmloc, 20//^ Sept. 1832.

Prar Sir, — In reply to your inquiries in regard to the
^system pursued by tlie (uAtnniient, in settling poor enii-
;;r!iut.s, in lliis piirt of the Province, 1 hei^ to inform you, that
tiie p^'opie sent out by the Etirl of Egrcmont, as well as
inaiiy oilier people, have been forwarded to their lands in the
township of Adelaide, in the London district, at the expense
of the (jovernnunt, where they have received an allotment
of 100 acres of haid each, at the average price for which
lands are selling iii that township, to be paid for in six years ;
the hrst three )e;:rs \'.illiout interest, and the last three years
V. ith interest : the first payment to be nuide, being one-
fourth of the purcluise money, at the end of the first three
yeiirs, and the renuiinderby equal instalments yearly, during
the kuit thi'ce years.

tinvAl houses have been erected upon these allotments, at
the expciise of the (sovernmcnt, for the accommodation of
lliose \\ ho have hunilies.

Medical aisistanee, and proper attendance, as well as every
jiecessary comfort, have been provided for the sick, and they
are by uo nuans idlowed to suffer for want of care.

(government Morks have been carried on in the neighbour-
hoed, in niaking roads for the purpose of giving employment
to thi se ^^ll(.l desire it at 2s. 4d. per day, and board. In order
that the people should not be imposed upon by merchants
and others, seliiiig provisiojis, the Government have thought
projier tf) keep a store in the neighbourhood, where the
people can purchase every necessary of life at cost and
charges.

'I hose who hv.vc arrived lierc in the month of July, are all
\\v\ comfortal^ie, and many of them have small crops of
wheat in tiie ground, and will be prepared to plant sufficient
quajitities of nuiize or Indian corn in sprhig, to support their
families ; from which time they will be quite independent,
and V, ill, in the end, become ^ood livers.

its.

.<4«atfc<f' ^AiiflilfU.-^*r^M:'^:'MiJk>*^A->^,

These are the pnncipul fact.s in regard to s( ttKrs eiitrustct!
to my tare; but 1 coiiUl say much inorr if 1 had tiiiu-, in
regard to the prospects of others, wlio may be disposed to
emigrate next year. They shoidd k'ave home so as to arrive
here in the month of June, and their success is ahnost certain.

I remain, dear Sir, yours trulv,

U. MOUNT.

LIST OF TIIK LETTERS,

IVNOK.

Adsett, 18 and 4o.

Baker, 11

Boxall, ^8

Boxall, 2oT

Capehiin, Hi

Cooper, 8

Cooper, 47

Elhott, 2()

Evans, 17

Goatcher, 3

IIen\ing Mr. 4 and 00

Hill, 10 and U

Martin, 27

Nash, 41

Ncal, 5 and 42

Pannell, 31

Phillips, 12

Phillips (Merston) . . .46

Rapson, 35

omart, •...«•• «//

Spencer, 24

Stedman, Kj

Thomas, o4

Titmouse, H)

Tribe, 32

Upton, 22 and 23

W^ilson 21

From Stepheu Ooatc/icr, late oj Pulborough, Sussex.

July 6th. 1832.
Dear Wife,

(The first part is omitted, as it relates entirehj
to family ajfuirs) ******* I never was sick
at all, but tlierc were a ejreat number that were very sick :
the weather was very cold when we came to NewfourKl-
laiul, snow lav on tlie mountains : thev had a hard winter at
(i'lebec: *hcy were sowin'i; wiieat : it is a very cold place. I
Hiu'the water-fall (^Tune 24th) at Nia'j^ara ; our schooner lay
about 2 miles otY: it was the most wonderful sij^ht that ever

my eyes beheld : it is much the same as Mrs book

n^lates. James Parker, his wife and family are all well, also
"Napper, and his wife and family, and hope all their
friends are well at home. I cannot jj^ive you much account
of Canada at present, oidy most of things dear. The flies
are very troublesome; there are great numbers, and are dif-
ferent from those in England. We are now on our way to
Kettle Creek, which I expect to be my home. The people
seem very bad farmers. Whisky very cheap. I should
like to know how you are doing, and how your crop is com-
ing along. I hope y»u will have a plentiful harvest, and all
thijigs going on well. I hear the reform bill is thrown
out. It has been reported the Duke of Wellington is dead.
The people are very nnich afraid that we had got the cholera;
we have often been inspected by surgeons. I would ad-
vise any of my friends not to come to this country in so large
a party, if they do, tliey will find it unpleasant. I had a
great deal of trouble, 250 people to feed every day.* When
I arrived at York, I went to the Governor ; a very fine man ;
it was like a king's palace : the gold laid on his shoulders :
he said he would send us to the ])est land in Cat; ;., . I lived
with Captain Royal, in the ship Eveline, in Hjc -abin, on
fresh meat and fowls. You will thin': it h)ng l lore you re-
ceive this letter ; I hope it will find you all well with Wm.
and his family. I often think of you all. Remember me to
my sisters and brother, and Mr. Clements, and Mr. Parry,
and my old friend Mr. Comper and all the family, Mr. Chal-
len and his family, and all my old friends wheresoever they
may be. We are now arrived in the woods, but what we are

* Mr. Goatcher was Superintendant of the Party in the
Eveline.

..I

H!'

I i'

tl!

In do, we do not know at prosoiit. Tlio iimscjuitoos arc very
trnuh1i'«()ino. I tliink of havin'i^ sonic land, but it is not
si'ttk'il ; resent: the liiiul is very u'ood. I tliink oi' tiiUiii''
James l\, '• and family with me. When I u;et settled I
will write k. yon aj^ain. We are too late for any erop this year,
but I hope we shall Itnd one atiother year : the land is very
full of timber, very tall, three times as loftv as yours in Vaux-
land. Now, Mr. ('omprr, you wish to know somethinif about
the country : it looks very well to me at present. You M'ish
ti) know the ap|)earanee of the country : by what T can see
at present, the lanil is the best (juality, but it is all co\ere(l
with heavy timber : they say they can clear an acre for about
£A. There arc no underwoods nor bushes at all, but the
tind)er is cut and burnt altoii^ether. The system of farmint^
is this, they burn it o IV, and harrow the wheat in, without
plouij^hini'. In this place tliere is not one stone to be found;
it's black loam. Their wheat is very fine : barley they do
not sow ; but 1 tliink it would bear lijood barley. They raise
a j^reat de;d of Indian corn. Where I think of settling, the
government are making a new road through : they say that
a coach will pass through before long. There is a mill not
far distant, and a saw mill is making. 'JMiere is plenty
of good land for all the people in your country : they would
not want to work on the road, us they do in your country.
The people are very kind to ns : they are very fond of the
English. The weather is very hot; more so than in England.
Last winter was the hardest that ever they remember. I
cannot tell y(m wliere to write to me at present. Remember
nic to the Rev. J. Austin. I shall write to you before long,
and then I shall «ji\c you more account. John Rurchell I
forgot. I hope it will ^\k\ you all well. So no more
from your ever loving and dutiful husband,

STEPHEN GOATCIIER.

To Mrs. (joatcher,

PuWuruiiyk, Sussex.

Tlic gcnth'vum named in this letter is Mr. Ileming (son of a
lait dei'ijyman at Vliiehester.)

• ♦ « # * I ani happy to say tliat

my sister received a letter from her son on Sunday last ; we
tlid not hear of it until the next evening . He writes from
Guelph, on the 19th. of July, but the letter is dated on the

outHuli' the *iHril : it is ii very satisfactory accoui it. I only
h(>j)i' lie Ijhs not btvii loo [Jiecipitati' in scttlini^ liiinsolf, for
he lias already i;oiii!;ht an estate ; hut he seems to have made
]iis ehoiee with souie discretion, as far as we can jndtj^e from
our own inferences driiwn from his letter : he has honj^ht
*2'M) acres of the comj)any, only -I miles from (luelpii ; the
land is uncleund: he says that almost all the land that is to
be bought cleared, having been first taken by jicople with
little or no capital, is generally exhausted, and nuist be left
fallow for three years to recover itself ; and therefore does
not answer : he says the land near (juelph is higher in price
than he expected, that it sells for l^s. ()d. per acre, so I
suppose he has giviMi that for it: the chief tindxT is maj)l(^,
bass, (a sort of pine 1 believe) beech, and oak, and these 1 be-
lieve, bespeak a good quality of land : there is a good road,
(he is on the Eramosa road) a grist mill, and two saw mills ;
the situation is high ; and, he thinks, it must be healtliy :
and, as the land is selling oft' fast there, it must bt^ an improv-
ing place, and not so far out of the world as Goderich : there
are three or four springs of good water on the lot : he thinks
he shall be able to procure three acres more, which will give*
liim the command of a river. York, he says, is in a very
unhealthy sitiuition, the land about it not near so good as at
(juelph : he was still with Mr. Penfold, from whom, he says,
he has experienced great khidness and attention, and 1.
shouhl rather suppose he thinks of settling thereabouts, l)ut
Edward does not say so. * * * *

1 hope l*id\\'ard ^vill do well ; he seems quite delighted with
his prospects. *****

* * lie s.'iys he makes sure of seeing us all

out tliere ere long, he hears such bad accounts of poor old
England : we are going to send him out as (juickly as we can
a collection of seeds, and his saddle, w hich he has written for.

From Richard Neal, of Sutton, Sussea^, to his Frinids.

DundaSy North America^
July 20th. 1832.

Dear Friends axd Relations,

I take this opportunity of these few lines to-
you, hoping to find you all in good health, as it leaves me at

I' it!'

l': X

present. Thank Clod we landed safe at Quebec, aftor seven
weeks sail. We had a very rnuprh passage. I enjoyed jL^ood
health all thewayover; I never had one honr sieknes* all tiic
time we were on the sea. They were most all sea sick.
Joseph Lcjrjrett and Elias were a little sick, hut not nnich.
On tlie first of May we lost one of the sailors, and was one
of the roui^hest days we had, hut were tost about very nuich.
We saw a lar^e ([uantity of porpoises coniini^ over, and
whale fishes blow water as high as the mast head. We were
about six weeks out of sight of land. The first land wc saw
was Cape Breton, a large mountain covered with snow. The
19th. and 21st. May we entered the river of St. Lawrence,
which was 4(K) miles long before we came to Quebec, some
places 50 miles wide, and some place,; not sonuich. We saw
snow for about 20() miles up the river, and the trees were
coming out in leaf: as fast as we go up the country the for-
warder the land is. When we landed at Quebec, a great
many of the men (spirits being so cheap) drunk so much, it
made them cra/y : one of them got drowned there, and ano-
ther .at Montreal. We were at Quebec two days. There waa
six large ships towed up the river by one steam boat : the
name of the steam boat was John Bull, 245 horse power.
180 miles from Quebec to Montreal. They were all French
people there : you can buy rum \0d. per quart, port wine J*.
3d. per quart, all the other liquors very cheap : cider about
6rf. per quart. I M'as offered 5*. 6d. per tlay at Montreal,
but 1 did not wish to stop. W^e went into the woods and
found plenty morels, just like them in England ; but the
people did not know what they was : then we started for
Little York, which is about 500* miles further, all by water.
W^hen we landed at York, some went one way and some the
other. I stopped there, Elias and Joseph Leggett went on
with Hilton, 180 miles further : § they promised to write to
me, but I have had no letter from them ; but I saw two men
that went up with them : they both got Mork for one man :
and Sefton Charman's wife's brothers they have got a good
place, 12 dollars a month and their board. A man will get
more a month here, with his board, than in England without.
I have not seen any game about here, but there is pheasants
and hares, and thousands of pigeons, and a few bears, and

* 355 Miles.

§ To Fort Georffe, Niagara, v. Elliott's Letter, Sept, 24/A.

Molvos, ])ut ;i very fow. Tin iv- I^ ;i qrcnt many cliorries in
tlic woods, j.^oos<.'lK'rrlcs, and imts. 1 proiuiscd to soiid you
the state of tlu* comitrv: I will as well as I cjifi. This is k
^ood eoimtry for oiietliiiit(, the people arc u 11 of one sort,
pretty mueli : their servants lives with their masters, aiul
they j^ots ii;oo(l waives : but it is very hot in the summer, and
very cold in tlie winter. I do not like this country so we!l
as Kn'jjland, for men are not so strorii^ as they are in Eni^land;
nor the meat is not so i^ood, hut very elicap, I left York,
and went to Duiidas, and f^ot a j(»b there for a man of the
name of Pope : he has hcen here five years, and is doing very
well. I have fi.y. a day, and hoard and lodgins^, for which f
liave to take 2.v. iS f. per day in store, what they call it : you
must take clothes, shoes, hats, or any thiiii^ that your master
works for, and I take 15*. a week, paid in money. Clothes
is very dear here. Any man can earn cnout^h in three days
to keep a wife and family a week. Dear father and mother,
do not UAake yourselves uneasy about me, for I am doing very
well ; but 1 do not like it so well as in England, but I can
come back when I like, if it pleases God. Bricklayer is a
good trade here, and can earn a great deal of money after you
gets known. Send me all the iu>ws you can, and I will send
you more next time. Tell James Clarke that I do not per-
suade him to come over to stay, but here is plenty of work,
and good pny. I will send you another letter in the course
of a few weeks ; then 1 shall be able to say more about the
country. Direct to

Richard Neal, Bricklayer,

DundaSj Upper Canada,
Near the Lake Ontario,
North Amei'ica,
Put down btj New York*

You must pay the letter to the water.
So no more at present, from your affectionate brother,

RICHARD NEAL.

Kind love to father and mother, and all my friends,
urhich there is too many to mention. Write to me as soon as
you gets this letter.

ill

I'i

5 M

The two foUoiviny letters were, both toritten on a sheet af pa'
j)er, fr<>nt irJifch u corner had been torn, and left lui h a
relation in Et/ijland.

From Edward Boxall, late resident at Coldwalthanif Sussex,
formerbj a Soldier in the 3G//t. Regiment,

Adelaide, Upper Canada.
July 28th. 1832.

tlu

Dear Mother,

I take this opportunity to acquaint j
rived here safe , and in good health, on the 6th. July. Dear
Tc ther, I was very fortunate, in brhiging my discharge with
me ; for I found, when I landed at York on the 23rd. June,
that all who could shew their discharge, was entitled to a
hundred acres of land, from the crown for their service,
which I accordingly got : so if either of my nephews, or both
of them, should like to come over here, I will give them some
land to work upon. Tell them to bring some tools, and all
the money they can get, with them, and some upland seed, of
all descriptions, and garden seeds too, and barley in particu-
lar. Wm. Cooper's land joins mine, but he have got to pay
tw'o dollars per acre for his, and 6 years to do it in. Here is
a river runs through the corner of my lot, and plenty of fish
in it ; and here is wild deer, and turkejs, pheasants, par-
tridges, and rabbits : and any body may kill them. Catharine
is very -well at present, but she Avas very sea sick coming
over, for some time : she sends her kind love to Ruth, and all
their brothers and sisters, and all friends. Copy this letter,
and send it to my sisters, and tell them I will build them a
house, if they will come over here to live. So no more at
present from yours,

EDWARD & CATHARINE BOXALL.

From William Cooper, late of Burton, Sussex,

Adelaide, Upper Canada,
July 28th. 1832.

Dear father and mother, brothers and sisters, I hope
this will find jou in good health, as it leaves me at present.
I have been ve^ ^^xU e^ er since 1 lelt England : we were

hcd (if pa'
left inJi a

im, Sussex,

Canada.
[832.

hat we ar-
ily. Dear
liarge with
13rd. June,
titled to a
ir service,
7^i or both
;hem some
)ls, and all
nd seed, of
11 particu-
^ot to pay-
Here is
nty of fish
lilts, par-
Catharine
V coming:
li, and all
his letter.
Id them a
more at

)XALL.

Canada,
832.

s, I hope

present.

we were

seven weeks comhigto Montreal, and five weeks more coining
up to Kettle Creok. I liavc v^ot 100 acres of land, at 2 dol-
lars per acre, atid one fourM.i t;> bo puid for at the end of 3
years, and the rest in 3 years more. In En.^lish money, it
comes to £41. I3.s\ Ad. in all. Tell mv brother James I saw
Riciiard Carter and liis M'ife at Little York : they are doing
very well, and said this would be a good opportunity for
them to have come out to this countrj'. I should like for all
my brothers to come here; for here is plenty of work, and no
doubt but we shall do very ^vcll after next harvest. Edward
Boxall, and his vvife, and Wm. Phillips from Merston, and
we, have built us a Slia tee, and li\'es and works altogether
on our own land. We have got above 2 acres cleared, and
shall sow 6 or 7 iieres of \\'iieat this juitumn, and more in
the spring. Dear father, I should like to have a malt mill,
and a few pounds of thread, and above all things, a New-
foundland dog for myself; and take this letter to Merston,
to Phillips' father, and tell him to be sure to bring him a
dog, to catch the deer, and tell you what time of the year
they means to come out ; so that you may all come toii'ether.
Answer this as soon as you recei\'e it. I have to tell
Avheat is now selling, at 1 dollar a bushel ; beef at 2\d. per
pound; and mutton the same; and pork 4r/. ])er pound in
English mont :y. Spirits is very cheap here. Farmers' men
gets from 3 to 12 dollars a month, and board and lodgings,
and washing and mending. I have no more to say at present,
so 1 must conclude, with my kind love to you all. 1 remain
your dutiful son, WILLIAM COOPER.

Direct to William Cooper, Township of Adelaide, to be left
c.t Colonel Mount's, Delaware, North America.

From John Lvff, lute of Bury, Sussex, aged 1 5 years.

Nelson, July 29ih. 1832.
Dear Sik,

This letter is to Inform you of your humble servant,
John Tiuff : Ave arrivetl at York on the 23rd. day of June.
I might have got three places at Montreal but as I was a

waiting for Mr. 1 did not go, so I came to York,

and from York about 30 miles up the country ; and I went

to work on the road, and Mr. did not come for me;

«o I am livinjj with Jacob Triller, and I am living in the

I><ll

Township of Nelson, District of Gore, County of Halton^
the Province of Upper Canada ; and I like Canada far bet-
ter than Ensrland.

TJiis lad has neither father nor mother living, and made
repeated applications to the Overseer of Bury to pay the ex-
pence of his conveyance to Canada. — His request ivas at length
complied with, mid the above is addressed to the said Overseer.

On the same Sheet was thefolloiving.

Dear Aunt Foster, at Fittlewoiitxi, near Petwortii;

I hope you will give yourself no more uneasiness
about me at present ; though the distance is far that we are
from each other, I should like to see you once more, though
I am resigned to the will of him that devises all things. I
think at present that the country above mentioned, that I
now live in, is a good, and a wholesome, and a pleasant one,
as far as I am judge : the prospects of gaining property are
pleasing : and may say the same of my master : whether we
shall have the pleasure of seeing each other, in this world
again, God only knows i if we should not, I wish you would
join with me in ^vriting, it seems to be the only satisfaction
we can have here. Nothing more at present, but remainhig
yours truly,

JOHN LUFF.

From George Hill, late a Labourer, at Sullington^ Si'ssea:,

Ancuster, August 5th. 1832.

***** We were six days coming
up from Montreal to Prescott, which was a very tedious
journey. The boats are drawn up the rapids in some bad
places, with 8 or 10 yoke of Oxen. * * *

We have been here 5 weeks : I like the country here very
much, but my wife don't seem to be quite so well contented
yet. I got work the first day I Wv.s here, and have had
plenty of work ever since. I got six shillhigs per day (New
York currency) which is 3s. 9d. English money, and be
boarded. Farmers and labourers all sit at one table here.

a far bet-

and made
'y the e.r-
s at length
' Overseer.

nvoRTii;

measiness
at we are
e, though
hings. I
3(1, that I
asant one,
perty are
lether we
lis world
ou would
tisfactiou
emaining

.UFF.

^vssex.

th, 1832.

s cominjif

tedious

pme bad

ere very
untented
ave had
ly (New
and be
le here.

We get 55. per day, English money, and be boarded. I don't
wish to persuade any one to come over, for they must expect
to see a good many hardships ; but I know that a poor man
can do a great deal better here than he can at home : he is
sure to get plenty of work, if he is steady, and can live cheap-
er. Puddock and me have rented a very good house at i;!.
per month, Englisli money. I have bought a cow for jB5,
and a young sow for 12^. Gt/. We work liere from sun rise
to sun set ; but we don't work so hard as we do at home.
We rest through the day very often : they are not particular
here about losing a little time, as they are at home. Jane*
is out at service for a year, at lO*. per month, Englisli money.
George § is with a Mr. Gabriel Gurnett f of Horsham, a
saddler. Dear father and mother, we left you almost broken-
hearted, but you may be satislied that wo have bettered our
condition by coming here. *****

From the same.

Ancaster, August 6th. 1832.
Dear Brother and Sister,

* * * * * * I do not persuade
you to come against your will : we can live cheaper here
than you can in England. There is a great many difficul-
ties in getting here : if you come you will have me
to come to : when I came, I had no one to go to. Dear
brother, if you do come, it will be the happiest hour I ever
knew. ****** No beer in this
country : plenty of whisky. Is. a quart, but that is only 72^.
in our country. We likes the country very well, and it is
a pleasant place. * * * *
Tliere is no beggars in this country, nor any carriages. Dear
Elizabeth, Sister ; here is my kind love to you, and all your
family. I hope you will be satisfied that this letter comes
from me : make yourself contented, for I think I shall do
myself some good ; better than if I had been in England.

* * * I neglected writing to you before, but
it was on account of my child being so ill so loii, : through
my having so much trouble, that made me wish I had never
left Englatid, but I think I shan't after a while. Almost all
my neighbours come from the States, and they likes this
country best, &c. &c.

* Aged \2 years. § Aged \0 years.

'\- i.e. Late of Horsham, Susstu:, '" '"

;i'!

A-

iir'j

\'2

Ft'o?n lllUiam PhUt/m, late of Sinrfleton, near Midhurst, Sus-

AncasUr, Atiyvst bl/t. 1832.

.scip, ShuLinaki'i'.

Mrs. Newell,

At your request, I htive now taken the opportunity
of sendiiip;' this Letter, li()})in<i^ to find you aiul all friends, in
fr!)()d health, particuhu'ly my father, and mother, and brother.
] am in Aery jj^ood health at present, thanks he to God for it,
and have been ever since I left Enghnid. Here is a great
deal of sickness ui tlie country, the cholera morbus is raging
very nmch in some places. I promised I woidd send the best
accimnt of the country that I couUl : so I intend to do. It is
a fine country ; but it is not half like England ; every thing
being very mean, when compared to that : yet a person may
get a very good living, by working hard : for there is a great
maiiy hardsliips in coming out here ; so I woukl advise them
tJKit can get a conifortable living at home, to bide there : but
tiiev as camiot, whv they can?iot change for the worst. Here
is plenty of work ; but it is very dilferent for what it is at
liome. They here all work by the month: so much for a month
and their board. They have not much money ; so that you
are obliged to take part in money, and part in goods; here be-
ing a great deal of barter amongst them. If you work a months
and can get all your wages in cash, it is thought much of ;
yoa can sometimes, and that is best for single men : but they
that have families, why it is not much difference, as they
must buy for them, if they (Hd not so, as it is almost always
in provisions, (livre folloivs a long list of prict's^^ and explana-
tions about the currency^ which have been omitted, as they are
iiiore correcthj (jiven in Cattermole, Doyle, t)C.J I am working
at my trade lor a master, and likes it very well at present. I
liave been hei'c .*i weeks. Ancaster is 50 miles above York:
it is a pleasant village. The land in this coimtry is, as in
England, some very good and some bad ; and so are the crops.
Here is line orchards : but the fruit is not half so good as
with you : it l>eing more of a wild nature. As for their gar-
dens there is no variety in them, as tliey plant very little but
french beans and potatoes, the winters being too cold, and
the summers too hot, for ve getables ; so tliey say. I have a
great deal more to tell you all, but I have not room for it in
a sheet of paper, so I hope you will be satisfied with this lit-
tle. I want to tell you a little about hew wc got here. 1 sailed

dhursty SuS"
bth. 1832.

opportunity
I friciidi;;, in
anti ])rother.
) God for it,
; is a great
IS is raging
end the best
to do. It is
every thing
person may
'e is a great
advise them
: there : but
orst. Here
ivhat it is at
for a month
so that you
>ds; here be-
rk a month,
t much of:
1 : but they
ce, as they
iiost always-
ml explana-
as they are
am working
present. I
bove York :
i*y is, as in
e the crops,
so good as
r tlieir gar-
ry httle but
cold, and
. I have a
om for it in
ith this lit-
;re. I sailed

in the ship named The Eveline : there wi\& 450 passengerson
board, but they were all strangers to me. We left Portsmouth
the 11th. April, and arrived at Quebec May 28th. 1 was very
well all the passifge, and was not the least sea sick ; yet a
great many were, nearly all the pjissagc?, as it was very stormy
and rough. * * i am very nuieh obliged

to and Mrs. for their charity to me,

as I had £'2. to take at York, and the superintendant said
they gave it me.

Tell my father to write to me as soon as possible, as I long
to hear from them all. My love and respects to all Singleto/i
folks : 1 have not mentioned any of their names, for it is to
them all. So no more at present from your well wisher,

Wni. PHILIPS.

Direct to W. Philips,

Ancaster, Upper Canada^
Nor tit, America.

Fro7n John Stcdnian, lale of Hascomb, Surrey.

August 7th. 1832.

Dear Father and Mother and little John.

* * Thank God that I am in a state of

health at present, and as happy as any person in the world ;
and 1 hope you are all the same. * * We

landed at Quebec the 28th. of May ; that made our passage
7 weeks. I weiit on shore there about 6 hours, on purpose to
see the Town, and I Avas glad to step my foot on land again.
1 had lib. of beefsteak and 2 (piarts of cider; then come on
board of tlie ship, and sailed to Montreal ; which Avas 16()
miles farther. We Mas tovvcd up by the sttiam boat called the
John Bull : then we left the ship. We laid in the store house
3 daySjbefore we could get boats to take us to Prescot, which
was 160 miles further. AVhen we got to Prescot, A\e took
steam boats to take us to York, (which) was IGO miles further
still ; but I in good spirits all the time. I thought we should
get there some time, if it was please Gotl ; but u hen we leit
Prescot for York, we crossed a lake, we Mas overtaken by a
<lreadful tempest : mc was M'ithin 'di) or 40 miles of York : M'e
then was (h'iven back on the shore, about 80 miks from York
i\<^\x\\\ : then Mattliew and I thought that we Avould walk to
York then, as it was no further than 80 miles: we thought wc

^m?.'

[should] get tlicre as soon as the boat could. Dear father
and mother, and when we got to York, the boat had been
there and unloaded all the passengers, which was 250, and
all from the same ship as I sailed in, called the ship Eveline
from London. We all thought of going by land to any place
where they get to when we got [to] York, but all them that
was sent out by the parishes, was put into large Canada
boats, and sent to Kettle Creek, at 8t. Talbots settlement,
280 miles further still ; and had been gone just two hours
[when] we got into York town. We Mcnt to the emigrant's
office, to know where i,hey was gone to ; for they had all our
things on board, a long [with] the other luggage, that was
altogether all the way over : then we got directions, and
steered across the country to Kettle Creek, which is 170
miles by land ; but they gave us a letter at the office, to give
the tavern keepers along the road, as long as we lost our
passage, to get victuals, and a place to lie down in, when
night come ; and to direct us the best road they could ; but
we got to our journey's end before the rest of them got, a
week. As we was waiting for [our] things to come ashore, a
man wanted us to go and cut some grass for him : we then
thought we might as well go to work, as to wait about after
our chests, as [we] should be getting something in pocket.
In a week after we went to work, we heard the boat Mas
come in with our things : then we went [to] get the chests,
which v,as just 8 miles from the place where we was at work.
We was mowing 16 days there, and 3 days of harvest ; then
lie give us the chance to go [and] seek for some reaping, as

his was not ripe. We went to farmer for reaping;

he asked me if I would hire by the year ; he said that he
wcmld give [me] one hundred dollars, board, lodging, washing
[and] mending, for the year ; so 1 thought it wise to hire, as
long as I had that chance, as I was a stranger in the country;
then I thought, I should be sure of a home in the winter ; as
they say it was very cold last winter, 1 thought that the best
to do. Thank God, 1 have got a good master and mistress,
and we li^es upon the best of every thing. I never wish to
have a better home than 1 got at present. Thank God, I am
well and hearty, and hope that I shall remain so.

Dear friends, I will give my opinion of this country,
which you call it, America, but [if you] knew so much about
it as I do in this short time, you would wish you had Ameri-
ca at home : for I can assure you that this [is a] good coun-
try for any person : if [he] do not choose [to] go [to] farm-

Dear father
it li!ul been
lis 250, and
ship PiVelinc
io any phice
11 them that
rge Canada

settlement,

two liours
? emigrant's

had all our
e, that M'as
'Ctions, and
lich is 170
tice, to give
ve lost our
'n in, when
:3ould ; but
lem got, a
le ashore, a
I : we then
about after

in pocket.
J boat was
the chests,
as at work,
vest ; then
reaping, as
for reaping;
[lid that he
ig, washing
? to hire, as
he country;
tvinter ; as
lat the best
id mistress,
er wish to
God, I am

is country,
nuch about
lad Amcri-
jood coun-
[to] farm-

VAg, he may always get work in, if [hejclioose : but I myself,
please (lod I ha^'e health and strength, when my year is out,
I have 100 dollars to take, then if [I] have good luck, I think
1 shall get me 100 acres of land ; as I may work for myself
at times, and not work for other people any longer than I un
forced : for when [I] get a bit of land cleared, and get tired
of this country, 1 (can) sell my land, at any time, for that
is [the] best thing tliat a man can do in this country, is to
get land as soon as he can. I caji get land, not cleared, at from
1 dollar to 5 dollars : the man that I live with, had nothing
M'lien he begun, but 1 dollar, when he (bought) 200 acres for
400 dollars, and 4 years credit for it : now he has 'JOO acres
where I live, and has just bought KXX) acres more. He gave
a man [a] job of chopping of land, and gave him so much
land for clearing of some for him every year. He (sowed)
70 acres of wheat, and is going to sow as much this
fall. Wheat is very dear this fall : it is 60 pence per bushel;
peas is 30 pence; and Indian corn is all cut off by the frost ;
for it is a very cold place in the winter. But I like the coun-
try very well, at present, but it is a short time ; but I have
never wished myself at liascomb, not as yet, thank God for
it. 80 my dear father and mother, give my love to uncles and
aunts, and alleiujuiring friends, and tell them if [they] lived
as [1] vai: in this country it [would be a] comfort to them;
for [1] can get what clothing 1 want, in about 3 miles where
I live ; and as cheap as it is in England. You think there is
nothing to [be] had, but I can tell you better : there is any
thing you want. Tell little John, that he must grow as fast
as lie can, and come to me, [and] never abide in that coun-
try. So no more from (your) loving (son),

JOHN STEDMAN.

You are there, and I am here; I live in hopes (to) meet again
where the Angels do also.

Direction for John Stedman, at Mr. Fozer's, the Town of
Malahide, County of Middlesex, in London District, Upper
Canada, North America ; mIucIi I am about 4000 miles from
home.

For Mr. James G. Stkdmax,
At Hascond),

Near Godalming,

in the County of Surrey,
Old England.

^Hh

From John Capelain, late of Lvrgashallj to his Brother, at
Lurgashall.

Huron Trac\ Upper Curidda^
August '2Sth. 1832.

My Dear Buotiier,

I take the opportunity of MTitini!^ these few lines to yon, to in-
form you of our distress juul trouble. After u very r()uj;h pas-
sage of twelve weeks, by the help of the Ahni^hty (iod, \vc
arrived safe to land ; except the loss of two bubes, Ned Lufl''s
youngest, and Wm. Tiekner's youn<;cst child ; but we tiu-n
thought ourselves safe, but tiic Ahni<ii;hty was pleased to send
a very great affliction upon ns. In a few days after we arrived
at our intended place of settlement, I lost my poor little
Mary for the first ; then my poor dearest wife ; then my two
youngest, and little Ednmnd ; all in the space of eight days :
but, dear brother, I am ncjt the only one the Ahnighty was
pleased to send the atHiction upon : poor Joseph Kinshott
was the first ; and his sister, Nathan Morley's wife,
were next ; and, I am very sorry to inform my poor
brother in law, poor Bob is gone : likewise the tM'o young
Lander's. There was 32 of us that came up into the woods
together, and there is twelve of the 32 dead : the complaint
was the cholera morbus : they ail died in the space of a fort-
night: there (was) none laid ill but a few days. Dear brother,
I should like to know what my brother in law should like to
be done with poor Bob's things : he had no money, I think
his things to (be) worth £{5. : (it) is now in (the) possession
of Nathan Morley. My dear brother, 1 am very sorry to
send you this unpleasant account ; but it is all owing to the
affliction the Almighty was pleased to send upon us: for I can
see (a) good prospect for a good living to be got. Flour is 7
dollars a barrel, which is 3^ bushels; that is the highest price:
after another harvest, it will be lower, no doubt ; as we shall
all grow our own ; and now it is brought a long way up the
country. Mutton I kill, and sell out : I can afford to sell it
3d. per lb. beef 2^^^. butter about 9^fl?: but I shall keep a cow,
and make my own next summer. I have nothing, no keep for a
cow, this winter. Dear brother, if my brother William could
take the heart to come, there shall be a home for him, Jis soon
as he comes ; for I have got a comfortable house up, and 100
acres of land, full of timber; and he shall have part of it : but
I will not persuade any one to come, tho' I can see much
better prospects here, than in England. If he should, let

■:»

|j3'>*

him brlni^ wliat ready money he can, and not provide a par-
cel of thinji^s, as I did ; for t!H:i'>;s is as cheap ho'e,* as in
Knu;laiul, and tools clieaper. T.et him briiii; a few onesided
oats; a littk barley ; i^ooseberry and cnrrant cuttini]js. My
dear brother, renunnber me to all relations, and all eiKjuirinpr
friends. T hope, by the blessiiif: of God, you arc all well, as
I thaidv God it leaves me, and the remainder of my family,
at present, f hope you will write to me, as soon as you can.
1 remain your affectionate brother,

JOHN CAPELAIN.

Mrs. Kiui^sliott's (love) to all her husband's family,
and is sorry to say, she has the inexpressible ijjrief, to say she
lost her dear and only friend, 2!)t!i. June, in about 23 hours ;
and in sixteen days after, her 3'omi^est child : she expects
every day, to i^o to Oxford, 25 miles tlistant, to settle with a
school. As soon as Mrs. KiuL^shott <(ets to Oxford, she will
send her friends all the particulars : she, and her two children,
is very poorly : she wants for nothinu^ : she meets with the
p'catest of friendship. I have not heard of \Vm. Tickner, since
we left York. He went in another vessel, farther up the lake.
We have not heard that any more died, tlum those who came
here, except Edward Luif, and he died at Hamilton. We are
100 miles from York.

Direct to me No. 13, 1st. Concession,

Huron Tract,
South Eastho ;c. Upper Canada,

America,

Extract of a Letter from Charlotte Evans (formerly Charlotte
Tribe) to her Brother (Robert Tribe,) Dean, near Petworth,

Waterloo, August ISth, 1832.

* * * * Robert Chalwin

is dead ; he wished tf) make his home with us, but his
(Uncle would not let him stay, but took his things with him.
14 that came out of Lurj^ashall Parish, Mrs. Morley, Joseph
Kingshott, Henry Lander and Brother, Ned Luff, Henry
Gogger is dead. Dear Robert, Benjamin says, if he could

* i, e. In the Huron Trad,

m'M

()''

have the two Robert's and Neddy, (or Biddy) between tbeur,
he never should want to see Ent^hmd aijfain. (iive Ben's
love to Henry Baker, Robert Khigshott. Our h)ve to Mr.
and Mrs. Ilill, and all the ehildren. Jesse [Pentold,] Jiunes-
[Rapson,] and Benjamin [Tribe,] are bulldint^ a house ; and
you and family, shall have a house when you eome.

Dear Father and Motlier ! and ^vv all send our best love
to you; and Wife, and her Father, and Mary's love to Mrs.
Sanders ; and give my best h)ve to Miss Upfold ; aiul let her
see the letter : and tell her when she writes to Mrs. FiVany,
to give my love, and let her know that I shall write when I
get settled, as I have altered my name sinee I eame to this
eountry. I have n\arried an Irishman, tiiat has got land
from the King j and we should be on it before, but for the
sickness that prevails in the part of the country, where the
land lies.

When you come bring 2 pair of shoes, high; very strong:
Chalwin to make them : bring your clock ; also bring every
thing you want (for) housekeeping. In this country, as you
jjay no duty for any things conung; you will not be examined.
If you could, I wish you would bring 12 yards of waistcoat
flannel, and I shall refund you the money with thanks.
Bring some net for caps ; and some for borders ; in fact any
things in the wearing way, you v,iU get paid for in this part
of America. Your trade, working by the day in this country,
pay bs. ahd the best of boarding, and abundance of employ-
ment.

W^ishing you and your family, a happy voyage to this
country, v/hich shall be the prayer of your afi'ectionate Char-
lotte and myself.

(The Letter is signed by Charlotte Tribe's husband.)

JOSEPH NEUROKE EVANS.
Directions.
Hbnry Tribe, Gait, Upper Canada.

From Tliomas Adsett, formerly of Northchapel, to TJiomas
Scuttj his Father in law, Bignor, near Pet worth.

September Wi. 1832.
Dear Father,

I am sorry to be the messenger of bad news : but
we are in a land of disappointment : if we go to bed at
night, well and hearty, we may not rise in the morning alive.

April 11th. Sot sail from Portsmoiitli. Fair wind for sanio
days. Childroii and Wife <|ui(r \n*ll, self quitr sicl , and so I
continued for a month. May ilHh. Harriet faik'd with the
hoopinjjr cou^h, and continued ^ettiiij^ worse : wife and the
children quite well, all the way over. Juuc 2, reached Quebec:
7th. to Montreal ; after a pa-.saufe of 8 weeks and 1 day ;
and almost all the Avay very rout^-h sea. Here we left tiie
Melville, and took the Durham JJoats : here we was put hard
to it, beinjjj exposed to the weatlier until wc reached York.
lOth. reached Vork : Harriet kept <^etting worse : we did
not stop at Vork above .5 or G hours : next came to Hamilton :
wife failed in eatinpf : left and came to Waterloo : child very
bad ; wife quite poorly ; and kept gettini^ worse. July 1st.
Harriet died. 2nd. wife very bad. 3rd. died. The doctor
said, that it was the scarlet fever : the other children all well.
Sarah (2^ years old) a gentleman by the name of Chapman, a
Carpenter, came and took her, the 7th. Charles (6 years old)
is at a Weavers : Emma (7 years old) is at Mr. Tottles, in
Dumfries ; and are well ; and like the place (piitc well. I
get plenty of work, at 5s. York, that is 2s. 3^ of your money,
and board. Here is plenty of whisky, at Is. per quart ; here
is no beer ; and the water is not so good in many places as in
England. They live in (juite a different way to what they do
in the old country ; but they li\e much better. The produce
is wheat ; oats ; winter barley ; rice ; Indian corn ; and
potatoes ; but this is truly the wooden world. If we find so
many houses as at Crouch, we should think that we should
be in a city : the houses are about half a mile a part. Here
is plen y of pheasants ; and pigeons ; and deer, that will
weigh ^0 stone ; and bears ; foxes ; wolves ; and hares.
I can . ay no more at present. Write to me as soon as possi-
ble, and send word how they all are. Direct, Thomas Adsett,
Gait, Dumfries, U. Canada, N. America.

From Simeon Titmouse, who, together with several others,
vient from Bassingbourn, Cambridgeshire, with the Pet-
worth Party.

Dundas, Upper Canada, North America,
Sept. nth. 1832.
Dear Sir,

After we left home for America, we were seven
weeks before we reached Quebec, and about a fortnight after,
we arrived where we now are. Our passage was very rough,

I'v

l)iit \\v laiulr<l s:ifc'. This foiiiitry is quite diflfiMViit from lioMie;
lilt t!i'<Mv niv lu'ttiT (loini^s for laboui'iii;;: I)i'()[)U', here, tliaii at
ul home. Wo can make u l)etU'r livin*; than we eoukl in
.lini;!an(l. People are lijenerally eni;;age(l by the niontli, and
j;'et about ten dollars for that time. I have i)een with the
prineipal man of this place a month ; and may stay some
tiine. The wife arul children are well, at present ; but this
is rather a sickly country, the people beinji; very subject to
a.,ue. \Ve hope we shall, in a little time, like America very
well. Corn is about t)s. a bushel. Pork, mutton, beef, ike.
Jv/. or tVU/. per lb.; capital i^ood tea, from 4*. to 5.y. per Ib.j
pretty ^ood sui^ar, at about 4t/. or 5^/. per. lb.; potatoes,
a!)out l.v. (y/. per bushel ; c!othin<jf pretty reasonable, but
tailors waives are very hij^h : the women generally nuike mens
appivrel ; butnuirk ! money, or cash, is very bad to catch.
l\'ople nmst be very wary when they first come into the
country, otherwise they will be very much imposed on ;
people often hire new comers for a month, and then take
occat ion to (juarrel with them and turn them off, witliout their
■wages ; but still, if one place does not do, another Mill.
The appearance of the country is no wa> enticing, being
principally woody. The hcises are not ;io comfortable as
at home ; as they are all wooden ones ; o, mostly so. Land
may be purchased at 1 ^ dollars to 4 dollars an acre ; un-
c 'eared ; or, in other words, a perfect wood : cleared farms
vill cost much more an acre. \Vm. Bku:! has not engaged
for the month yet ; but has ^ a dollar a .lay, for every (lay
lie works, and has had \Tork most of the time ; but the work
we have to do is quite different to what it was at home.
John Shambrink, ai d John Racher live about two miles from
lis: Racher is engaged for a year, 115 dollars his wages;
liouse rent free ; ^ acre of land for a garden ; and fire wood
lound gratis. Shan;i)rink has had tlie ague; and his daughter
is living where I am engaged by the month. The country
is discouraging at first, but the longer one is in it, the better
one begins to like it. Any stout, hard labouring man, with a
family, nuiy do better in this country for them, than he can
do at home : but remember ; he will have to work pretty hard
and long days. But abundance of trouble and disappointment
await those who come at first, and it takes a little time, and
patience to get over them ; and many a one loses his life in
tlie enccmnter, either by sickness or misfortune ; but I am
happy to tell you, we are all safe and well. Simeon Titmouse
and \Vm. Blocs live in the same village, (viz. Dundas) and

rom h()!nc;

re, tliiiii ill

> could ill

iiontli, iiiul

I witli tiie

«tav some

t ; but this

Hubjeet to

lericji very

, beef, i<i.c.

*n. per lb. J

potatoes,

liable, but

nake mens

to cateli.

i into the

)oscd on ;

then take

Jiout their

)ther will.

in^, being

fortable as

>o. Land

lere ; un-

reil farms

it en«(aged

every day

the work

at home.

niles h'om

is wages ;

fire wood

5 daughter

le country

the better

ui, with a

an he can

retty hvird

jointnient

time, and

his life hi

but I lun

Titmouse

idus) and

[are] engnc^ed in working as above stated. Summers :uv Ijottrr
here ; and we are told, winters are colder, aiid lout^er, llui'i
in Kui.'-laiul. A good cow may hi' purchased from 'A to 4
j)()uiuls : a[)pl(."s, in abundance, about Is. per bush'.'l ; but
with all these appearaiu'cs of t'.iings being chca[), they Jire
dear enough in proj)ortion to the money we receive ; because
thi'y oi'ten pay uagt-s by shop goods, either eatables, or wear-
ing aj)|)arel. l^lea>>e gi\e our best remembrances and resprrts
to all Iriends, particularly fathers and mothers, brothers and
sisters atid remain

Dear Jackson

Yours very faithful

SLMiCON TiTxMOUSE.

Wni. Blocs' wife was coniined at Montreal ; a little
girl; (]uite well and hearty: this event took ])lace on the 4th.
•June, 18ii2 : she had a very good time, and got 'ery good
friends. Please to let ns hear trom you as soon as convenient
niter receiving this ; aiul ac<puiint us with all particulars,
and how you all are. (live my love to John Flaiulers, and
tell him, he might buy 5 acres of land, for what he might
give for a rood at home.

Fr'om Obi'd Wilson, aged 18, late of Btu^ningbourn, Cambridge-
shire.

Ernest Town, August IJth, 1832,

Deau Parents,

I take tins opportnnity to inform you, that I am
M'cll ; hoping that these tew lines will find you the same.
I was seven M'ceks coming over : I was three weeks seasick ;
but 1 arrived safe. I have seen Edward Clear, at Montreal.
1 have got a place, atone Sihester Landikin's, a new married
cou))le, {uid 1 like them very well, at present. I have sixty
dollars a j ear. I live thirteen miles from Kingston. I like
the ways of the place very well, at present. My mate and
the rest have gone on to York, and 1 have not heard of him
since. I want to know Avhether Edward is coming over ; if
he iS; put it in yoin* letter. Remember me to my old mas-
ter, and unstress, and all encjuiring friends. So no more at
present. I remain jour dntiful Son, mitil death.

T want you to write as soon as possible. Direct your
letter to R. Hough, at Ernest Town, thirteen miles from
Kingston. •

Frorn William T. UptoUy formerly of Fiitleworth, Sussex.

Andross Mills, Nelless Settlement^
September \6th, 1832.

Dear Mother,

I arrived at Montreal on the 1st. of June, where
we stopt 1 week : from there we came up the country in
Durham boats, and steam boats to York, where I stopt
another week, waiting for Clifford [his brother] with my box,
as it was put into the wrong ship : when he came to York
he had lost it, by its being misplaced in one of the boats. I
was in a terri])le way about it, but I thought it must be gone
either to Hamilton; Kettle Creek; or left in tlie steam boat :
I therefore started to Hamilton, to look for it ; and there
found it in a storehouse. I was ill at Hamilton for a week ;
after which time, I was hired by the agent of the Canada
Company, to go to a Mr. Mc' Kensey's, at Andross Mills,
on the banks of the Grand River, Niagara District, where I
now am. I get 125. Gel. per week, and board, and lodgings.
I have been in my situation 9 weeks, and [with] what I have
made by my wages; I am now worth £•'•'. It is a beauti-
ful country, and all young people may make money fast :
if they could bring out £100. with them, they would be sure
of making a fortune, if they were steady, in a few years.
Young men with a wife, without family, is better off than a
single man ; as there are so many situations for them in
gentlemen's families : the M^oman as housekeeper ; and the
man as in doors servant ; where they get high wages. We
have an Englishman and his wife, living with Mr. Mc' Ken-
sey, who has been in the country only 5 years ; and is worth
now, above £500, and was not wovtii 5*. when he first came.
The mills I am living at, are saw mills : we cut 10000 feet
of board per day. I wish Clifford had not been bound to
Penfold, as they give money for boys, instead of taking it.
I could have had an agreement, drawn up at York, for him
to have had 300 dollars at the expiration of his 7 year's
apprenticeship, to u carpenter. If you think of sending the
other boys out, do not apprentice them, but send them to
Hamilton to me. When you write, tell me [whether] you
intend them to come or not : if you do, write again, and tell
me, when they are to leave England, and I will meet them,
r believe Penfold has taken some land, near Guelph ; but
where, I do not know ; so, if you have heard of Clifford,

ssex.

ementf
J.

e, where
untiy in
I stopt
my box,
to York
loats. I
be gone
m boat :
id there
a week ;
Canada
js Mills,
where I
odgings.
t I have
beauti-
;?y fast :
- be sure
V years.
fF than a
them in
and the
2s. We
y Ken-
is worth
st came.
[)00 feet
ound to
iking it.
for him
7 year's
ding the
them to
ler] you
and tell
Bt them,
ih ; but
Clifford,

send me his address, when you write, which I hope will be
as soon as you receive this ; and tell me, how all the family
are getting on at home. * * * *

I will send you some assistance in the spring, if nothing
happens to me. Remember me to all friends, particularly
to Mr. and Mrs. J.***, not forgetting G. Hawkins : tell
him he will hear more of me by G. Warren. Direct to me,
Wm. Upton, County of Wentworth, Gore District, to be left
at the Post Office, Hamilton, till called for. Give my love
to all my brothers and sisters : tell them that can write,
to write to me soon : and, if they cannot get a living in Eng-
land, to come to Canada, where they may soon get an inde-
pendency.

I remain, my dear mother,

Your affectionate son.

Wm. T. UPTON.

N. B. Tell me whether th« times are better in England, since
the Reform Bill has passed.

From Wm. T. Upton, late of Fittleworth, Sussex, to George
Warren, Petwotth.

Andross Mills,
Niagara District, Grand River,
September 16th. 1832.

Dear Friend,

* * * I dare say you

have heard bad accounts of Canada, from the Petworth Party;
for I know that they wrote home in the midst of their trouble
in travelling, before they knew v hat it was, or had time to
get situations. I was above a month coming up the country,
on account of my waiting at York for my box, which was
put into the wrong ship at Portsmouth. I went from York
to Hamilton, and, after a weeks illness, and quite broke down
for money, I got a situation at a Mr. Mc' Kensey's saw millfl,
on the banks of the grand river, at \2s. 6d. per week, and
board and lodging : I am the lowest, not understanding it :
the others [get] from £1. to 32*. per Meek. I enquired at
York and Hamilton, cabinet makers wages, which is 30*. per
week, board and lodging, and plenty of trade to be got. f
have been in my place now, 9 weeks, and what with my
wages, and what I have made with them, am now worth

t-A''

£S. lOs. There is a nuin of property in 9 creeks. *
* * * If trade is as bad as it Vv-as, any one

would do better in Canada, for here any one ran soon ^nin
an independency. * * * * Tell J. Lucas

that his brother Ned and C. Edwards are livinjr close to me:
they get 1 1*. 3d. per week, and board and lodging, and are
quite steady. Write as soon a? possible.

I cannot give you a more Inic ateount of the price of pro-
visions, and men's wages, than Duijle's Hiiils to Emiyrants*
There were plenty given to people about Petworth.

-"•!

r:|.

The two foJhwwg letters wei'e on the same sheet of pajier, at
the top of which a few lines had been written by a friend
of the parties, before it left England.

From William Spencer, who went from Linchmere, Surrey,
t( Francis Cooper, (his wife's Father), Petivorth, Sussex.

September I6th. 1832.

Dear Father, and Mother, Brothers, and Sisters,

* * * * We arrived safe

in York, in Upper Canada. We cam 3 fnrther up the coun-
try, ab(mt 30 miles, and there we went to work on the road,
for 3s. 3d. per day : we were staying Mith ^Ir. Jacob TruUer;
and was enjoying a good state of health till the 22nd. August:
my dear wife was taken ill with typhus fever, and she de-
parted this life on the /th. of September : she was attended
with all the neighbours ; and we have found them very kind,
much kinder here, than ever we did in England. I have
hired with Mr. Truller, by the year, and I am getting good
wages ; and, if you feels any way:> inclined to come, 1 think
it would be better for you ; for 1 think you will get [a] bet-
ter living here than you ever will in Englantl. I ^^ ill find
you a home for you, till you can suit yourselves better. I
am going to write to my brother in London, and 1 should
wish for you to let all my friends see tliis letter ; and I
should be very glad to hear from you, as soon as you could
make it convenient to write : so no more at present, from
your affectionate son,

WILLIAM SPENCER.

So adieu.

p
*

any one

Jon i!,uni

■

1. Lucas

(

L' to me:

and are

' of pro.

lirjranis.

'Qil safe

e Conn-

ie road,

TruUer;

A-ugust:
she de-

ttended

ry kind,
I have

i},':.

i? good
I think

'a] bet-

ill find

tter. I

should

and I

u could

t, from

F/v.n neorrje Boxall (Sawyer) and his Wife, and JFm. TilJeyj,
(his Wifes brother) tvho went front LuryashaU, Sussex ',
to Jame>i I'illey, Pettvorth.

Dear Fathers ; Mothers ; Brothers ; and Sisters.

* * We arrived safe in York, in Upper
Canada ; and we travelled up the country, and were settled
near VVni. Spencer, and my brother ; and we have got
plenty of work, of sawing of steam boats ; and we gets good
pay for it ; and we like this country much better than old
Knghmd. My dear Alfred grows; and gets fat ; and funny ;
and hearty : thank God for it. Dear father ami mother,
Hannah and James Tilley : if you feels any ways inclined
to come out, and my brother William Boxall, I think it
would be better to get [a] living [here] than in England :
but I shall not persuade you, against your inclination . but,
if you comes, 1 will find you a home, till you can better
yourselves. Boys aiul girls can have good places here ;
and I should be glad if you would let all my friends
see the letter. Write to me as boon as you can. Remem-
ber me to Mr. and Mrs. , Mr. , and

Miss , Mr. , and to all of my enquinng friends.

'^riiere is but one tlung grieves us : that will be leaving
E izabeth in\\ *Crank behind : and, if you comes, pray leave
my poor mother, at Heidy, a sovereign; a:ul I v/ill pay you
again. Be sure and do not forget the directions. So no
more, at present, from your afteetioiuite sons aiul daughter,

Wm. Tii.LEY, Mary and George Boxall.

So adieu.
This is the prices of this country. Barrel of flour, 196
lbs. price £1. 5,9. Pork, 3//. per lb. Best green tea, 3^. 9d.
Best butter, 7^^^- Sugar, ^^d. Tobacco, l.s\ a pound. Best
nmttoii and beef, 2k/. a po\md. We makes our own soap,
and candles. Price for work ; sawyers, \0s. per hundred ;
single men a])out .i;20. at farming. If you comes, be sure
and do not conic ur-'ler any superintendent, but mind, and
buy plenty of flour; iiud bacon; and good cheese; tea:
sugar ; butter ; currants ; raisins ; [and] tol)acco. Buy
ycmr iurnishings at Portsmouth. Get your flour in barrels;
pack up all your goods, as you can iron hoop your boxes ;
and corii tl)em strong; do not trust no locks.
Direct as follows. U'illiaui Spencer, Mr. Jacob Truller's,
Township of Nelson, County of llalton. District of Gore,
Upper Canada, North America.

* His sister EJhabeth's husband.

September '2\th. 1832.

Dbar Brother,

I now take this opportunity of ^vTiting a few lines
to you, for to let you know that I am well at present, hopini^
that when these few lines reach you, they will find you all
in good healtii. We had a safe arrival across the ocean,
landing at Quebec, thence up the river St. Lawrence, to Fort
George, where there were several of us stopt, about twelve
miles back in the country, where we expect to tarry for the
winter ; and the rest have gone on about a hundred miles
further, into the country. We have all had the fever
ague that stopped here, but we are getting over it; T am getting
quite right again ; and I feel happy that I ever took the reso-
lution to leave my native home, [for] a country far easier to
get an easy, and honest living. I feel happy to think that we
are here. Dear brother, we have not landed among thieves,
nor robbers, but among christian people, where we can hear
the gospel preached. 1 have nothing to regret, only that my
friends were not here, and as %vell suited with the country
as 1 am. I wished to [be] remembered to Mr. Charman,
and Hannah Charman. I feel a desire to see you all, and 1
think, if I have my health a few years, to pay you all a visit.
Dear brother, I wished to be remembered to James Francis,
and Mary White, and to my brother Daniel : I should feel
happy if he were here with me now. Joseph Leggett is
well, and wishes to be remembered to all his enquiring friends;
and William Moore and his brother is well. Brother, I don't
know but I shall come to see you next fall, or the spring
following. We left Richard Neal* at Little York. Brother,
I hope you will improve the first opportunity of \vriting to
me, as I have nothing more to write at present, but I remain,
your affectionate brother.

ELIAS ELLIOTT.

Mr. Richard Elliott,
Sutton.

* He afterwards went to Dundas, v. his letters.

ii;.t

'27

, 1832.

few lines
:, hopiiiiT
. you all
le ocean,
!, to Fort
it twelve
y for tlie
ed miles
the fever
n getting
the reso-
easier to
[ that we
^ thieves,
can hear
f that my
i country
Dharman,
11, and I
II a visit.
Francis,
lould feel
eggett i»
2^ friends;
r, I don't
le spring
Brother,
riting to
. remain,

lOTT.

^s.

From Martin Martin^ late of Fclphain, Sussev, Curpcntrr,
who Einiffrated nuth the Petivorth Parti/ to Upper Canada^
an(t sailed f'roiii PortfuuoiUli in the Ship Lord Melnille^
April Wtk. 18)^2, takin;; with him his Wife and siv Chil-
dren, to Mr. Sparks^ Feljdiam. Sussex.

Sill,

You have, no doubt, expected to hear from me long
before this time, but the reason I did not send sooner was,
that I had not seen enough of the country. To give you a
short description of our voyage; we had a very rough one, con-
tliuially winds blowing against us: so much, that before we
arrived to the banks of Neu rv>undlaud, we was above 7^)>)
miles too far to the south .- aiul on the 2nd. May, about half
past 4 o'clock in the morning, all at a sudden crusli, the
whole of the births on the larboard sideof tne ship fell down
but no one happened to be hurt, but caused a confusion
tlie ship : thi. ))rought the captain to his senses ; for he never
laid the ship to, till this happened : but from this time, till
the next morning, she was laid to, under a close reefed
main top sail. But I hope what 1 have said about this will
not dishearten any one from crossing the Atlantic, for I as-
sure you, thai T had so much confidence in a ship, that I
M'ould give .e preference to travelling by water. We was
just 8 weeks from Portsmouth harbour, till we arrived at
Montreal, which town is a large, flourishing, and very fast im-
proving place ; innnense quantities of merchandise exported
and imported, to and from this place. ^\'e staid there a i^w
(lays; and then we started in the boat for York in Upper
Canada, which we reached in about a week. This passage is
a very difticult one, on account of the different * rapids in the
river St. Lawrence : and whoever should come this way to
America, I should advise them to tra\el bv land from Mon-
treal to Prescot, and wait there for their luggage ; and from
Pre«cot to York, there is steam boats, which will take luggage
and passengers in about a day and a half. But this land travel-
ling will not do for a poor person. The expencc from Montreal
to York, for one passenger, which is 450 miles, IDs. 7d. I ar-
rived at York, th» capital of Upper Canada, and was much sur-
prised to Bee such a large town : the trade, and the many great
siiops of all sorts, is quite equal to Chichester; but the town 1
think is larger, s(nue of the streets 2t miles in length ; there I
8taye(' about a week, but did not like to settle there. I again
set olf In the steam boat for ILunilton, which is quite at the
Vest end of Lake Ontario ; and this is also a nourishing
place, but a small town : here you will sec the farmers come

iiii

'i ji

!ifi'

ll(iin<? in and out of this place, with as good breed of horses*
us in Fiiighind. I staid here six weeks, travelling by land
from Hamilton to Guelph, where I may ])erhaps settle ; and
I made it my business, as I went along, to make all enciuiriea
about land, and its price and quality, &c. Sec. I went through
several different townships, and the farther I got to the west,
the better is the land. You may always judge the depth of
mould where the trees are blown down. The present price
of land in the township of Guelph is 3^ dollars, or 17s. 6d.
currency; in the township of Nicholl, is 3 dollars, and better
land; in Woolwich township, 4 dollars; in the township of
Garrafraxa, is 2 dollars an acre; in the township ofWilmot, is
2i dollars an acre; and in the Huron Tract is I^ dollars. This
land is not so difficult to clear as you might suppose ; as the
trees all grow 'ip very straight, and there is no bushes grow
amongst the trees. The way of clearing the land is, they
chop, with a very superior sort of axe, off the tree, about 3 feet
above grmnd ; as soon as 'tis dry, they burn it; leaving the
stumps still standing on the land, which will rot in about 6
years ; and when they have burnt the brush wood, and the
logs they spread the ashes. They sow the land with wheat,
and the produce is from 25 to 35 bushels, which now sella for
a dollar ^a bushel ; and this first crop generally clears the
whole expence of buying, and clearing, and burning. Suppose
you say the purchase to be 3 dollars ; the price of chopping,
burning, and fencing, is, from 12, to 14 dollars ; so that your
land will not cost you, when chopped, more than four pounds
per acre; and when harvest comes, there is your money again.
Here is no expence of ploughing the land the first nor the 2nd.
year ; they harrow the seed in for the first 2 crops. Oxen is
mostly used for this, because they are more steady than horses.
A yoke of oxen is worth from 50 to 70 dollars ; a horse about
100 dollars ; a cow about 20 dollars. Mutton and beef is
about 3|d, per lb. English money, butter 7^? sugar the same;
tea is 4s. per lb. Whisky is mostly the drink. The whole
of the taxes for 100 acres is about a dollar a year, but no
poor's rates, nor any other taxes to a farmer. Here is all
sorts of farming implements suitable to the country, from the
Kjmde to thrashing machine, as well as the fanning ditto. And
for about 5 gallons of whisky you can get a loghouse built ;
this is done by, what they call, a " Logging Bee." When you
have cut your logs, you invite all your neighbours round you,
to a certain distance, and they will raise the house in one day,
rearing high, but you must roof it yourself, which is covered
with shingle, and when finished, looks like slate ; all this you
can get on your own land. Mr. Heming has bought 365
acres in this township^ with some improvements on it, and he

horses*
y laiul
3 ; ami
Kiuiriea
lirout^h
e west,
epth of
t price
7s. 6d.
I better
ship of
hnot, is
•s. This
; as the
38 grow
is, they
ut 3 feet
ing the
about 6

and the
. wheat,
sella for
Bars the
Suppose
lopping,

lat your
' pounds
ly again.

the 2nd.

Oxen is

1 horses.

se about
beef is

le same;

le whole
but no

re is all

rom the

;to. And
ie built ;
hen you

und you,

one day,
covered
this you
ght 365
and he

is next week a going to have his " Lo(j(jing Bee,'' and I am
just a going to finish the inside of his house, such as sashes
and doors. A.nd you would be surprised to see what a (juan-
tity of respectable people daily, a coming and settling, some
buying 7^^\ some l(KK) acres of land. Here is {i tailor, that
come from Oxfordshire, that brought £G0(). he has 6(X) acres
of land, 6() cleared, he has a capital framed barn, and a good
dwelling house, aiul out houses, in short, his premises are
very complete. Here is plenty of work for labourers, at about
a dollar a day ; and >vill be while there is so many settlers com-
ing out : and no labouring man need to be afraid to come :
Avhen he gets to York, Captain Fitzgibbon will forward them
to Hamilton ; but almost all the labourers get farms ; and I
have never seen any body in distress, since 1 have been hi the
country. There is a great many people that goes to the United
States, but that is not so well tor a farmer, the taxes are so
much higher, I believe I may tsay as much as 8 to I more t' m
it is here ; but for all that, provisions is much cheaper, there
than here : but for a mechanic, the United States is the best,
but not so healthy. The climate here in the summer, is much
the same as in England, but more fine weather : we had about
a fortnight's very hot weather, in the beginning of July, but
not but what we could work as well as you could, in the old
country : but the winter, from what I can learn from people
that has experienced it, is colder, but not at all unpleasant.
1 am very much deceived in the idea that I had formed about
this country, as you may travel from the east to the west part
of the province in tolerable good roads ; through towns and
villages, and not at all lonesome. Whoever comes to this
country, should pack all their luggage, that is not wanting in
the voyage, in casks ; and it is best for poor people to board
themselves, and to bring plenty of flour; it will be better than
so numy biscuits; and plenty of potatoes. Since I have been
writing of this, I have heard about the quality of the land in
the Huron Tract, which is exceedingly good at 1^ dollars
per acre. I think of gohig to see it. Mr. Huntly, the
bearer of this, is waiting for it. I shall write to you again be-
fore the winter is over, and let vou know what it is. I would
thank you to make it known, that I intend to fulfil my promise
in writing to several friends in Felpham, and its neighbour-
hood. Here is certainly a good chance for farmers and
labourers. The cholera has been very bad in several parts, this
summer, but it is a little better noM'. So no more at present,
from yom' obedient servant, M. MARTIN.

•Gnelphy Upper Canada,

North America. ^ejit. 2ith, 1832.

^^H

:\{)

p. S. Mr. Iliintly, tlie bearer of this, has bought a good
deal of hind in tlds townsliip, an<l is going to Knghmd to taivc
to a wife. 1 tliink that tlus eonveyance will do away wit!i
the idea of letters being intercepted : I know there is several
people silly enough to think, that all letters are broken up;
there is no such thing. Tom Sturt gave nu •- piece of foreign
money, to put under his seal, when I wrote to him, for that
purpose; please to tell him, I will shortly write to him, and
Tate, at liognor. 1 forgot to mention a chance for labourers;
as soon as they arrive at York, that is the capital, they mny
have 50 acres of land at Lake Simcoe, G years to pay for it;
nothing the first 3 years, and sent to the place free of ex-
pense, and the price of the laud is only a dollar ptr acre.

* Ji'ifh respect to the Rapids, See Advertisement from Cana-
dian Courant in the Appendix,

t:!

ilf^

From Mr. Heming vide Page 4.

My dear Mother,

September 2blh. "1832.
Nyto7i Farm,

Since m\ last letter I have been so engagctl, getting

&"t>^

in my hcirvcsi, &c. &(•. that 1 have hardly known which way
to turn n)\fecJi. I have boui>lit 134 more acres of land, with
30 iit croj), and a loghouse to ])ut *Cliai^e into. 1 have now
36/ acres in all. The last lot is only 3^ miles from Guelph,
oji the irauie road as my first purchase. Emigration has so
greatly increased this year, lliit heiore this letter reaches you,
all tne land within 8 miles ol Guelph, will be sold. It is, in
nn' (pinion, a most braiitilul cou)itry, and excellent land. I
am £>oina: to build a uood loiihous-e, to i>et into before the
wiiiler ifcts in. My stock at jireseut, consists of 1 yol.e of
cattle, 10 pigs, 1 cow and calf, 1 pony, Nepluiie, and another
dog, 1 cat, andSOfowks, including hens and chickens. My land
is paid for, cxccjiting the 100 acres bought of the Canada
Couipany. The unproved land sells for much more than we
co]u:iiveil in England : quite rough land sells for 17'^' ^d. per
ere, if at all in a desirable situation . 1 have not been ui) to

Lake Huron ', therefore I can oidy speak from report ; but
am told, land, of the best (pudity, sells for 1 \s. i5d. per acre.

A labourer who ivent out with Mr, Heming,

it a good
i to take
v'uy witli
■i scvcnil
oki'ii up;
f forcii^ii
, for that
liim, and
ibourcrs;
hey mny
ay for it;
e of ex-
::rc.

im Cana-

h. 1832.

arm.

il, getting

hich ^vay

and, M'ith

luvc now

Guclph,

n has so

ches you,

It is, hi

hiud. I

Iclore tlie

yol.e of

i.1 another

My land

Canada

than we

'. 6d. per

'cn lip to

lort ; but

ler acre.

lu'om Win. PaiincI/, ir/to went from Kirdford^ Sussex, to JVm.
Pannell, at Kvdford.

October \Ath. 1&32.
Dear Father a\u Motiieii,

T have wrote these few lines to you, [hoping] to find you
in |j;oo{l healtli, as it leaves [nie] at present. I liave been
ver\' poorly, witli fever a<j;ue. 1 had it for 5 weeks, l)ut it
has left for 5 weeks. I like the country very well, at pre-
s(>nt ; and I i^et plenty of • "-k ; and 1 ^vt about 'Ss. (jd. per
day, juid jny bcnu'd : jiiid i no not get the highest wages at
first ; and there is plenty of work, for them that conies. But
I did not find it as them told us, by a good deal ; * but I am
Avorking at carpenter's work, at present; but 1 [shall] have a
few jobs at wheel making, in about a month's time. And I
have got 100 acres of hnid; and I have 2 dollars an acre to
pay for it ; and I have six years to paj' it in ; but half to pay
at 3 years hence ; and it is very good land ; but it is very full
of timber; and it is very large timber ; and there is a great
deal of white oak; and red oak ; and white oak is very tough ;
and there is white ash ; and sugar maple : that is, what they
get sugar out of. And we have [)lenty of game in America ;
plenty of deer ; and turkeys ; pheasants; partridges; and
black s(piiri-els ; and red squirrels ; and there is all sorts of
wild animals; a great many bears, and wolves ; but they will
not medciie with anj^ body : they will run away from you, as
fast as they can: but the bear, if set by a dog after them,
they will run up trees. And there is the finest river in Ame-
rica, as I CA er saw; and there is [the] finest waterfall at Nia-
gara : it falls for 100 feet down; anil is about f mile wide. It
is near Chii)pewa. And the Cholera has been very bad in
America; but it is all done. And old Mr. Rapley is dead.
William Ha.-lett is dead too. And if any one comes to this
country, they should notbrhigany axes; for they will not do
for cuiting down trees ; but hand bills are very good. Desire
to remember me to all my acquaintances : and I should like
to hear from all ; and when you write, I should like to hear
from John Baker, and Henry Hellyer, and Benjamin Barns,

* Meaning, that he did not find so much work at his own husi-
7iess, fa wheelwright) as he expected ; and this may be
accomtted for, by his having gone up into a part of tlie
country, where wheels are not yet much used.

i
1

;^2

•and remember [me] to James Mitchenor; and James Ilellycr ;
and, when you write to me, direct the letter to me, at Mr,
JMoulton's, London District, in Upper Canada : I should l)e
near tluit place. There is a great numy fish in the rivers ;
but WT had a long voyage over sea. \A e were 8 weeks going
from Portsmouth, to Montreal. Uuebec is about 450 miles
nearer England ; but \vc are about 7^ miles from Uuebec ;
and from Mojitrcal, '250; York, 150 miles, up the Country.

Wm. PANNELL.

Jane Smart died witb cholera, at Prescot. William
Baker is with me, when 1 write this letter. Thomas Thomas
is very well, and family. James Thomas, they are all very
■well. Benjamin Bachelor is very well. William Baker
desires [to be] remembered to his father and mother, and all
the family; but he should like to see his brother Thomas,
over here next summer. 1 should like an answer back, as
soon as you can write. William Baker should have an an-
f \^ er from his friends. Tell them to direct a letter to the
same place. I should like to see some Kirdford people over ;
hut I v,ill not persiuide them, but it is a great deal better than
F^rijiiand. Every one that comes out, has got MX) acres of
ja!!(i, at 2 dollars an acre. It is as good land, as any in
i'Lngland ; but, if any body comes out, they should bring out
some lucern seed, bent seed, tares. There are all sorts of
grain, but them. If any body comes out, they should not
lay it * out in England, for they can get cloathing very near
as cheap. We have not any singing birds in this country, but
the toads and frogs mount the trees, and ting very delightful-
ly. There is no rubber, to sharpen scythes, in this country.
So no more, from your affectionate son,

Wm. PANNELL.

From John Allen Tribe, tvhc ivcnt from Chiddhi^old, Surrey y
with his brother Jmiita Tribe, and his Lncle, Thomas
Tribe,

Township oj Sovthwold, London Bistrict,
Upper Canada, October \Ath. 1832.
Dear Friend,

* * * We lost our passage from

Coburg, 250 miles, to where I rm now. IViy brother was in
the schooner, and my box, or eli-e 1 would not gone up bo

* Meaning money.

Hellycr ;
e, lit Mr,
should be
V rivers ;
H'ks fifoing
450 miles
I Uuebec ;
jountry.

'. William
IS Thomas
■e all very
[im Baker
er, and all
r Thomas,
T back, as
avc an an-
tter to the
ople over ;
setter than
K) acres of
as any in
bring out
ill sorts of
should not
very near
juntry, but
delightful-
is country.

.L.

\ld, Snrretjy
Ic, Thomas

m District,
1832.

[ssage from
ther was in
Igone up 60

fur : S!) I, and my uncle, and two more, came up by lantf,
walking thnmgh the woods ; finding all kind oi' wild aniuuils:
we slept in the woods, two nights : we made a large lire, to
keep the wild bears from us. The place that the vessel was
going [to] was, to Kettle Creek, Upper Canada. We arc all
ab()\it the country. 1 know not where any of them tiiat came
witli us, is, but niv l)r()ther and uncle: some is one place, and
some is another; but I am in a good place now; I get 4*20. a
year, and every thing t'ound me, but clothes: my brother gets
i/M5 a year, and every thuig but clothes found him: my
uncle gets ()D dollars a year, and every thing found him, but
clothes. l<'iata])les is very cheap in this country, and labour
is dear. You have heard the price of it before, so I did not
send the price. Give my love to Charles Parkins, and lot
liim see this letter. Charles, I have sent you a few lines, to
tell you, that a shoemaker is a good trade in this coun-
try ; leather is about as cheap as it is England, but
not so good ; a shoemaker may earn a dollar and iialf a day,
if he will work : and I wish all the young men that is in
Chiddingfold, was here in Caiuida ; for there is a good living
for every one that comes here ; not as 1 will persuade anv
one to come here, but if any of them comes, I shi>uld like to
see them : for, the most trouble is, coming over here, a;ui up
the country, for there is great trouble and fatigue. A rarpou-
ter, anil a blacksmith, and a shoemaker, are three good tnules
in this country. Clothes is very dear j cotton and e;i!u\> ia
the dearest. The living is very good, in this country : tlure
is plenty of whisky, brandy, rum, and gin, and all \o;y
cheap. I can get a pint of brandy for two shillings, York :
a pint of whisky for one shilling, York. York money is not
like yours ; one shilling, English ; is two shilUngs, York; all
but one penny. This is a line c(mntry ; and a free country ;
you can go where y(m like here, and no one to hinder you ;
shoot anything as you see, of wild fowl : and there is plenty
[of ] deer, there is a great many of them. James is very sick at
present, with the ague : every one that come into this coun-
try have it, but 1 have not had it, yet. There is no church
Avithin ten miles of us, now ; but we have got a place of
worship togoto: it is a log house, and there they keep school
for boys, and girls. Where I live, is about a mile from the
Lake Erie, port Talbot. Give my love to my aunt and uncle,
give my love to Mr. Elliot, and to Mr White and Mrs. White.
Give my love to Harriet Jones, and to Mary Ann White,
Give my love to Mr. Sadler, and tell him that it was the
best thing he could do for me, when he sent nic here ta

'"J\i

Canada, North America. Give my lovo to all tliut is in the
house, hoth youiisjf and old ; atul i^ivo my love lO William
Fielder, and all your children. Tliomas Tribe is very well ;
and he sends his love to his sister, and lie will send her a let-
ter in a short time. I should send more, hut had not time ;
BO no more at present, from your humble servant,

JOHN ALLEN TRIBE.

If you sends, please to direct for me, John Tribe, Township
of Southwold, London District, Upper Canada.

To be left at the Post Office, Port Stanley, till called for.

For Mr. George Fielder,
Hambleton House,

Hambleton, Godalming, Surrey,
England.

From Ann, the v'lfe of Edmund Thomftff, who iveiit from
Klrdford, to her father, Thomas Puttock.

October Voth. 1832.

My Dear Father,

I write these few 11

hoping to find

Inies
in good health, as, thaidc God, it leaves us at present. We
had a very long voyage over. We were 1) weeks on the seas.
We landed the 7th. of June. We were tossed about very
much indeed. The 3rd. of May we all thought of being lost ;
the births all fell down, from one end of the ship to the other ;
and I was not well after that, till I was confined, and that was
on the 3rd. of June. I got about again quite as soon as I could
expect. It is a fine boy, and goes on well. I am happy to
tell you, that America is (juite as good as we expected to find
it. Edmund has had plenty of work, ever since we have
been here. We have no reason to repent leavhig England,
at present, and I hope we never shall. He has earned 3*. {)d.
a day, and his board ; and, sometimes, not so much. Give
my love and Sarah's [her sister] to my brothers and sisters.
Sarah is about 30 miles from me, in service, and is doing very
well. Give Edmund's love to his father and mother, and all.
Thomas [Thomas] and James [Thomas] are about 100
miles [off] they are all well, and send their love to all. If
Thomas and William [her brothers] should come out next
spring, it is Sarah's and my wish for you to come with them ;
as I think we should [be able] to help support you here. The
worst of it will be getting over. Edmund's brothers has got

100 acres of land each.

We might have

100 acres, if we

likivl to f(() where it is ; l)ut we dfm't iiUo ti) leave the pliiee
where we are, at present. The cholera has h(vii very had
indeed in tliis eoiiotry, hut thatiU (iod, not o.irof us has had
it. Henry Sin;irt's wife is dead ; and hotii his children : she
was fOMiiued the same ni;^ht that I was. Pie; thank

Mr. (Jreethani for his kindness to us, an;! I lie will do

the same for you, if you shoidd come. W'e haw .atl a very
fine suiumer, hut hotter tiian in Kniifland, and tliey say, the
wi iter is mueh colder, hut there is one ij^reat comfort here ;
we have as much wood as we like to hurn. If you should
come, you had hetter send us a letter on, when you <j;:'t to
York, for us to meet you. Please to answer this, on the
first opportunity, as I should very much like to hear from
you. I have no more to say, at present. I remain your
urtectionate daughter,

ANN THOMAS.

Addressed.

Thomas Puttock,

Stroud (Ireen, Kirdford, near Petworth, Sussex.
Knii;lan(l.

Direct to nic, Waterloo Townshii), (lore District, Upper
Canada.

i'\

From James Uapson, (SuwyirJ who irent from Lodsworthj
Sussex.

Call, Dumfries, Gnre.
October 'mh. \)^2.

Drar Father.

(Thefiri^t part relates only to the voyarje and prof/ress
vp the country ; irhich is described in other letters.) *

* * * * And now I shall tell

you all that I know Jibout the country. The place where we
are, is most like T^odsworth, * of any in the province, as I
have been in. We had, in the middle of Aui^ust, a very severe
frost ; the ice at (juelph, was A an inch thick : and killed the
produce of the country. That is 11 miles from us ; and, in
the Huron Tract, the frost ha\e been far more severe, than in
any other pnrt of the province. Until the middle of Auij^ust,
very dry; and more hot than in Entjland; it dried up the Oats:

* \_A vilhu/e near Pefvorth.']

lift

f:i

I . ' f

h I'

; I

f ■ It

?,iy

very good crop of wheat ; it killed the Indian corn, potatoes,
iiiul ])umpkins, and cucumbers ; and the vines. The produce
is wheat, oats, Indian corn, rye, winter barley, peas, very
hue. Potatoes, and pumpkins grow in the fields, 4 feet Sin.
round, and cucumbers with them, atid melons ; good cabbage,
but very back^/ard J no beans ; plenty of dwarf, and freiich
beans ; fine crop of apples at Hamilton, and Dundas, at 7-if^"
per bushel. We are 20 miles from Dundas ; 2.') miles from
ILi.nilton. 1 nmstsav, that I thiidv that vve should have half
died, if it had not been for the pigeons ; we shot .*^0 of a day:
one man shot 55 at 5 times; and he pitched a net, and
caught 599 at one draw ; here is plenty of pheasants ; of
rabbits ; and ducks ; and geese : deer ; foxes ; wolves ; and
bears ; which come into our ground : they have killed a hog,
and got it over a fence, /ft- high, and 5 pigs. Here is
s juirrels, from the size of a mouse, to a rabbit, numbers of
tiiem. I will now tell you, who is dead. Henry Gogger,
E. Luff, J. Kingshott, 1 chihl of his, Mrs. Morley, their
youngest child, Mrs. Capelain,* and 5 of her children, B.
Chalwin, George, and Henry I^ander,Mrs. Adsett, and 1 child,
and many more : so the Lord hath thinned us out. The
cholera have raged very much, in Quebec, ami Montreal, and
York, and swept off thousands ; and it followed us all
along up the river, about a day behind us ; and it have been
all around us, but not within 2 or 3 miles of where we live ;
so we have cause for gratitude . I must say, that little J;unes
Penfold hare been to work a month, and earned enough, to
find us all in flour, a month, and his own board ; 16 of us. I
have been to lime burning, and we took 2 houses to finish :
had 24 dollai*9. I have ^ a dollar a day, and board ; but
Jesse Penfold, § a dollar. Plenty of work ; but, the people
live in a different way to what we have been used to ; but,
they live well ; the people hare never seen a pitsaw ; and,
when I talk about sawing, they laugh at me ; and I can buy
inch boards, at the mill, for 1.9. 7i<^' per hundred ; better
boards than ever I saw in England. I wish you would see
what the merchants would give me, if I get G00() feet of our
pine, hewed, and towed in a raft, to Montreal. Our ground
is within 3(K) yards of [the] grand river : we have 4/ acres,
and timber, 200 feet long, 4 feet through : we have a good
house up : and I have 2 good cows : and seems, if please
God, as if we should do well. Tell Robert Tribe, that his

* See Capelain and Adsett" s letter. § A carpenter.

potatoes,
c produce
)eas, very
[ feet Sin.
I cabbaj^e,
lul freiich
as, at y^^d.
nlles iTom
i have half
) of a (lav:
. net, and
isants ; of
Dives ; and
lied a hog,
Here is
umbers of
•y Gogger,
)rlev, their
lildren, B.
,nd 1 child,
out. The
intreal, and
ved us all
have been
•e we live :
ittle James
enough, to
16 of us. I
i to finish :
oard ; but
the people
d to ; but,
saw ; and,
I can buy
ed ; better
would see
feet of our
ur ground
47 acres,
,ve a good
|s, if please
, that his

jenter.

■jiiother says, she woiild go a thousand miles to meet him :
we are all well, except Henry, he is poorly: tell him, all is
well. I shall expect srmie, or all, of my brothers, next
spring ; I wish they were all as well off, as I am. I wish you
to go to Mr. Chrippcs, and the Hev. Air. kSockctt, and tell
them, that I return them many thanks, and Lord Egremont,
for his kind benevolence, with Esq. Yaldwyn. Tell them,
that I hope and pray ; not that the Lord Mould give
Canada, but make them meet for the heavenly Canaan.
Believe [me] to [bej your loving son,

JAMES RAPSON.

* * * Here is a Scotch presbyterian

minister, who preaches in a grist mill, which is crowded very
much ; but it is not what 1 have been used to. Charlotte
[their eldest daugher, aged 15] is with us, and will be until
Sarah gets up stairs. She might have a dollar a week. The
children are all well ; and are grown very much ; and are
often running out, to see if they can see any of you coming :
sometimes they say, Here comes grandfather! or, Here comes
grandmother! Indeed we want you, many ways : we want
you to make cider; as here is nothing to drink, but whisky,
\\'e want a malt mill, very nmch ; as here is no such thing,
in the province. Remember me to all my brothers, and sis-
ters. Sarah's love to all : and tell Rhoda, that she will look
for licr, next spring. God bless you all.

From Henry Smart, v:ho ivcnt frun Kirdford ; directed, Mr^
Jaiiics Nappcr, Kirdjord ; Init containivff on the mme
sheet, letters to otiier persons.

Ancaster, (oth. JSoKwher,
and I hope you will ren/etnljer, IHH'J. '

Dear Fatht^r and Mother [i. e, his late wife's lather
and mother.]

I hope this will find you all well, as it leaves mc
at prcsicnt. 1 am sorry 1 had to send you such bad iiews, the
last time I wrote to you, or the last time you heard from me,
by the way of Penfold. We had a very long passage ; and
a very rough one. My wife was sea sick three v/ci^ks : but
she was no worse, after that, than she was hef'ire she lelt
home : hut she m as unwell, at linns, the same as she Mas at
Jiome, Frederick was but ^■cr^ little sea sick, but was takcji

ili'U

with a very bad fever, and, for three days, I did not expect
he woidd live, from one hour to another : but he recovered,
a little. Wv had a bad squall, one niorninrj^, which threw us,
and our births out, altoi-vether ; but we received no damage,
any more than a fright. When we crossed the baid\s of New-
foundland, Jane was taken very ill, and we expected she
v/ouhl be contlned; but she passed on, for about a week, much
the same as she was, when she Mas conlined before. We
sailed iiito Quebec harbour, the lOth. of June, about 8
o'clock, ajid she was confined, about 12 o\;lock, while the
ship was at anchor, thank God for it ! the ship being still :
she was confined aa ith a girl, but it did not live, but four and
twenty hours, and mc left it in the harbour where it was born.
Jane Avas hetter than we could expect ; we was in the ship,
four dajs, after she wiis confined, before we landed in Mon-
treal. There she was taken out ; and put into a large house,
and she got her strength, very fast : for 1 got her every thing
she could wish for : we staid there four days, when she
wanted to go out for a walk : I took her out, and she was Acry
much pleased with the country ; and said, she was not sorry
that she iiad left Eiii^UiJid. Then we started up tliC river,
in a Durham boat ; the weather was very fine ; we was in
the boat, / days, v, hen Me landed at Preseot. 1'lie m eather
Mas fine till the last day. We stopped at Preseot, three days;
and she Mas a ery * }}ert ; and getting on very well ; but the
third, 1 Mas very sick ; hut she Mas as pert, as ever. 1 saw
her till iibcut noon; she Mas very cheerful that day; and
laughed, and said, that ] shtnJd die first : bi.t, aLc>iit
four o'ch)ck, she Mas taken very ill ; and said, if there
Mas not an alteration soon, she should scon be goi e ;
and 1 Mtnt v.r.d g( t a doctor to her, hut he gave a very poor
account of her. As !;oon as he see her, tliC doctor said, he
M ould do all he coi;U! lor her, and, I believe he did. All
the le^-t Mcnt cut in the sterni hvdi, the next n oining { t (3
o'clock ; and left n.e, all alone. I a] j^lic d to *i doctors, hut

tv.o ( f llum said, it Mas i

o use ; llity Mould not pay any

attention at all tolier; hut tlie <;lher did : and done all he
(cii-d for her. I'e told ne, it Mas no v.ic: she hj;d the eho-

era

d she could not live, hut a 1ca\ liurs. bhe Mas

in-

sensible, at th,at tine; but, at 10 o'clock, she came to her
fcciii-es ; and t.ilked to me for an honr : sl;c told me the Mas
going ; she told me r.ot to fret for her ; she should be better
(if, tlian 1 Mas: hut ;tll she M'anted of me, Mas, to prcHi.ise
her, to take as good care of her child, as I had dene of her j

* in Sussex this word means livcfy, chccr/ui.

r.9

wliicli I promised her I would. So she died that day, at 12
o'clock, the 'ioth. June. She died ; and never mentioned,
father ; mother ; sister ; nor brother ; any more than her
sister, Martha, who was dead and ^one, and who said, on
her death beil, that she would soon be after her ; and she Avas
i>oinjjr. 8he wanted to be burled in the M'ay her sister was,
but 1 could not bury her so well as I could wish. About an
hour before she died, Frederick was taken very ill, witli the
bowel complaint, and died 8 days after. I was oblii^ed to ^o
on to Hamilton, on account of the cholera, and I way still
very ill, then ; but still, 1 kept about. 1 buried my wife at
Prescot ; and my child, at Hamilton. I ain as nmch as two
hundred miles, from where I buried my wife ; but my child,
I can look upon every week. I kept about all this time, but
after, I was confinetl to my bed, for a week, wliich the doc-
tors said, was brought on me, by trouble. Remember me to
Charles and Ann Street. Tell Ann, I am very sorry her
words are come so true, as she told me before I was married.
Jane told nie not to rt Hect upon her dyhi^ out of England ;
she did not think she died, any the sooner lor that. Tell Ann
Street ; that I am very sorry, I have heard the worst account
of her brother, of any, that is come out. I shall see him,
next week ; and I shall p:ive it him. He is as much as a hun-
dred miles from me, but I am a iijoiniif up next week, and I
shall see him. So no more from me at pri'sent,

HENRY SMART.

To Jaines^ the Son of Mr. Nnj'pcVf to nhcm the above was
uddresaed.

James Natter,

This comes, with my kind love to you, and all
the family. 1 hope this will find you all in j^ood health, as
it leaves n.e at present. Remend)er me to ji!l my brothers
and sisters, if }ou please, and to Charles l^roekburn, and
Ivlary Court, Gunshot; and to all en(|uirhu>; friends at home;
and tell them of my doNMifall ; as they have heard before.
1 don't rei)ent of leaving England at ail, because my wife did
not ; no more vvoidd not you, if you was once to get here. I
should be happy to see you here, and Tom liaker, and sister
Rhoda, and lier family. I don't persuade you to come, but I
should be glad to see them, for 1 know they would do nuicli
better here than there. Ask my sister, Rhoda, if she will
accept this little present ; and tell her she must keep it, till

'1^ ;;

iri,

BH 'I IS ;

{ Bee her again. If she don't come here, I intend to coinc to
England, after a few years, if life lasty ; but never more, not
to stay. You need not dread the Avater, I don't at all. 1
should take a deal of pleasure on the wator, had it not been
for my ill luclw Look to that book, that you got of me,
about the country, * for I fully agree with it. Tell Matthew
Puttick, that he can keep three such families, as he has got,
in this country, better than he can keep one, there. Tell
David Smart, I saw Tom Mitchell, about a week ago. They
are all well, and doing well ; and "^('om says ; he never wants
to come to England any more. If any of you comes out,
don't buy a parcel of clothes, to bring here. If you do, you
will lose money by it. You can get them fully as cheap
here. I would not advise you to bring out any thing, excep-
ting blank s, and flannel. Why you think things are so
dear, here, ' ; because, on account of the money ; thirteen
pence, of your money, is two shillings, here. \Vrite me an
answer, as soon as you can, if you please, and kt me know
all the news you can, and how the cholera is there ; for it
has been rery bad here ; and let me know who talks of
coming out, as well as you can. If you, or any of my rela-
tions, come out, I will do all I can for them, at first com-
ing. They shall not want for a bed, nor for something to eat,
when they once get to me. You need not be afraid of com-
ing out here, on account of not getting a wife. You can get
one, of any country, and any colour you like. You can come
here, and go back again in a few yeiu's, a better man, than c-
ver your father was. If you aie not here by the 5 July, I shall
be gone from here, buimy directions will be, at Mr Gurnett's,
which you will see, as you go up the town. At present
Matthew Crooks Esq. Ancaster, Upper Canada,.

On the same sheet, from Henry Smart, to James and Charles
Rapley.

James and Charles llapley, Gownfield, there, or else-
where. I have heard from your brother, "William : but your
father is no more. He has been dead about five weeks ; but
you need not fret about your younger brothers, and sisters,
for they will do better than you will, if you bides there,
William is very steady ; and takes a father's part, well, by
what I have heard. 1 have not seen them, since they have
been in this country, yet; but 1 shall see them all, next Meek,

* Doyle's Hints to Emigrants,

From JImry Smart to the Rev. L K. Greethauif Vicar of
Kirdford.

Mr. Greetham,

I am much obllfijed to you, for what you have
(lone for mo. I wanted to bei( one more favor, if you ploiise;
tliat is, T shall he much obli^-ed to you to take my register out,
atid send it to me, if possibly you can. You will fiud it in the
church at Ivirdford ; but you must look back, as much as
nine and twenty years. I for;:]fot to say before, as Wm.
Haslett is dead; but he has been dead as much as three weeks.
No more from your humble servant, at present,

HENRY SMART.

On the same sheet y from William Baker, late of Kirdford.

Dear Mothbr, * * * I am very sorry

to do, as I have done. When I left Montreal, I left my sis-
ter very ill ; little thoni^ht but I should see her again. Not but
wliat I am satisfied, she was done as well by, as if I was there;
for Henry attended to her, both night and day, while we was
aboard the ship, and so he did afterwards, to all account. I
never saw my brother, till three weeks ago j and then I had
cut off one of my fingers, and very near, another. I could
not work, and 1 got out of money ; antl my sister troubled
me : so I was determined to find him out, if I could. I tra-
velled down to Ancaster, a hundred miles, and 1 begged my
way, (though I never wanted any thing) for three days, and
there 1 heard of him. He was very angry with me at first,
but I owned myself in fault. 1 staid with him four days,
and he relieved me with seven dollars. Then I started back
up the country, and I will never leave him, for so long a time,
any more. My fingers are got nearly well, and I shall soon
be able to go to work ; and I can do a great deal better here,
than I can at home ; and I should be very glad to have my
brother Tom come out. So no more from me, at present.

Wm. BAKER.

On the same sheet, from Frank Nash, late of Kirdford.

Frank Nash, to his mother and father. He is well, and
doing well ; and, never means to come to England, any more;
unless his cousin, Henry, does. He takes me as his friend,
and tells me, he will do as I wants him to do, and he will do
very well.

Direct to Henry Smart, Ancaster, Upper Canada^ (and say)
by the first packet ijhip, for New York.

'■-• I

/'!

'■I tl;

■m

!>;!'

t& ■ I

From Richard Neal, to his father WWimii Ncnl. See p. 5.

Dmulas, Novembei' 18///. 183:2.

Dear Father and Mother,

* * I sent vou a letter, in July ; but I hjive not had

any answer, yet ; but I liope you will send me one, soon.
Dear Friends, I hope, if any body is couiinjjf to America,
you will give them my directions, and let them come to Dun-
das. I sent Echuund Ilarwood a letter, last sunday, by a
man that is comiiig to Enghnid, and I hope, if you receive
the letter you \vill go to Littleliampton, and so, l\is name is
Reeves. I have not seen Joseph Leggatt, or Elias ElHott,
since I left York ; but I heard from tiieni, last week ; they
are getting on, very well. I hear they have hired for t^velve
months, but I shall go and see them, in the winter, wheii I
cannot work. Charles Hilton is about 1(K) miles further up,
than I. He took IW) acres of land. The 5th. of November,
my Master was buried, which I worked for, ever since I have
been in Canada : his name was, Thomas Pope, from North-
hamptonsiiiro, England. He has been here, 5 years : he
left tin'ee children, in England, when he came to America :
he have, a fifty acres of land, and a house : it is all to be
sold ; and debts paid ; and the rest of the money, sent to
England, for the children : he owes me, about £15. but I ex-
pect to be paid, in two weeks. 1 have took ^>is Avork. I have
lour men, to work for me, and I have work enough for two
more, if I could get them. Bricklayers gets, "s. dd. per day.
I never seems contented here, as I was in England. I do not
like Canada, so well as England ; but in England, there is
too many men ; and here, there is not enough : there is more
work than we can do, here. There is a long winter, here ;
and very cold, they tell me ; but, if I live to next spring, I
shall be able to tell you more about it : here have been snow
and frost, here, but it is mild now. I expect we sliall not
be able to work, more than 3 weeks longer. AVe have pkMity
plastering to do. Tell my brother William ; if he feels inclin-
ed to come, here is plenty of work, and good wages : but I
will not persuade any body, to come, without they like : but
here is plenty to cat, aad drink ; and cheap : but there is a
great many don't like this country, nor more do I, mj'^self :
but I can get plenty [of] work here, and 1 cannot in England,
without it [is] altered since I was there. I can earn £'2. 5s.
a week, English money, if 1 have my health. * *

I am your dutiful son, RICHARD NEAL.

From Mary, the dauylUer ofTlioiuas Holder , Widower ^ who
ivent from Kirdford, Sussea^ivith 7 children. To Scrjf.
Holdeu, 2iid. Regt. Tower Hamlets Militia.

paper, before it left

The headinj^ was written on the
England.

DE.vu uROTiiER, — fVhen you are in Canada, fill thin up, and
send it to me', send all the news you can; say the truth, and
nothing but the truth. Surah Holden, Slinfold near Hors-
ham, Sussex, England.

Dear Friends,

This conies witli our kind love to you all, hoping to
find you all in good herdth, as, thank God, it leaves us alive,
and well at present. We were all very sea sick, and had a
very long and rough voyage. On the 2nd. of May, about
half past 4 in the morning, the sea was very rough, and tlie
ship was tossed, so that the berths, on our side, fell from one
emlofthe ship to the other, but no owe was hurt a great deal.
We were driven so much towards the north, we had very hard
frosts and snow, and it M'as very cold, and we often thought
that we should go to the bottom ; but our heavenly father,
that awful Protector of persons, brought us safe to land at
last* We were six weeks getting to Quebec: we did not go
a shore there ; we landed at Montreal, and we were then
towed up the river by Durham boats to Prescot, and then in
steam packets to York, and from York, 350 miles, in schoon-
er vessels to Kettle Creek. And we M'ere then carried in
waggons up the country, Q^ miles. It was the 22nd. of July,
when we got to where w^e are settled. Father has got 100
acres of land, and has to pay for it two dollars per acre, in six
years time. Father thinks of getting in two acres of wheat
this year. We have got a cow. Father gave 30 dollars for
her. We expect to find very hard times this winter. We
have ten miles to go for flour, and all our provisions, but I
hope, please God will help us through it this winter. The
Gentleman is going to have a log house put up for us. Ann,
and Harriet, and Ruth, have got places 40 miles from us. Fa-
ther says, he can sec a good prospect of doing well after a few
years. It is good land. Father sends his kind love to all of
you, and hopes that you will make up your minds, and take
a good resolution and come here, for here is a good prospect
of doing well, and getting a good living. Father says he
would not come back to England again for no respects. Dear

^ m2

I ' ^1''

i'i

friends, if v<m shouUl coiiip, this is wliore I'll direct yo\X-
to come to, Kettle Creek, the township of Adelaide. To
Kettle Creek, and then to the township of Adelaide, in Upper
Canada ; as that is where we arc, bnt you may understand
that all the letters be all opened, before they go out of this
(/ountry, to see that there is not any falsehood sent ; and if
there is any thing in them, against the country, they are kept
back. I hope you will be so kind as to send this letter, or
write another and send to all our friendsi and pray do send to
poor mother's friends at Chiltington UWiam's letter, and
tell them in their letter, to write to poor aunt at Goring.
Please to write again as soon 'as you can. We have heard
that the old ship that we came in, is drowned, and 5 were sa-
ved, and 10 drowned. We arc 500 miles from Montreal.

So no more at present, God bless you all.

*Dear friend, we have enquired about the letters, to know
the fact and truth about their being opened by the head
gentlemen. So that we are sure now that they are not open
ed, until you receives them. Father have sowed 2 acres of
wheat, and thinks of getting in one acre of potatoes, and one
acre of Indian corn, in the spring, if please God. We have
got a warm house now, thank God. We have been exposed
to all weathers ever since we came out of the old ship, until
the 20th. of October : so I will leave you to guess, dear
friends, what we have gone through. We did not enjoy our
tea what you gave us, dear aunt ; for the wet got through the
chest, and wet it ; and when we came to open it, behold it was
all spoiled, the strength was gone, and stained some of our
things. I hope you will excuse my bad writing. If any comes,
which I hope you will, please to bring some dried yeast,
for there is none here : we wet our flour, and bake it on the
ashes. Poor father has been very ill: had the ague: I thought
he would have died, but the Lord raised him up again, and is
as well now as ever he was, thank God. So God bless you all.

I was obliged to open the letter again, to put in the right
direction, that you should direct to us : To Colonel Mount,
Curradoc, in Upper Canada : by so doing, it will be sure to
come to us.

To Serjt. Holden,

Second Regt. Tower Hamlet Militia, Light Infantry,,

London, England.
Postmark, Delaware, 21st. November.

* The latter part seems to have been added at a much latev
period.

ect \o\x
de. To
II Upper
derstand
it of this
; and if
are kept
etter, or

1 send to
tteTj and

Gorincr.
ive heard

were sa-
treal.

, to know
the head-
not open

2 acres of
i, and one

We have
I exposed
hip, until
less, dear
enjoy our
rough the
old it was
ne of our
ray comes,
ed yeast,
it on the
I thought
in, and is
,s you all.
the right
el Mount,
sure to

Infantry,

Itch latev

From Thomas Adsctt, v^ho wunt from North Chapel, Susse;r,t(>
the Rev. Robert Ridsdale, Rector of that parish.

[Written on a sheet of paper, ivhich Mr. Ridsdale had directed
to himself, and given to the mamvhen he went aivai/.]

December 2Ut. 1832.

(In the early part he speaks of the voyage &c. and
mentions the death of his wife and youngest child, see p. 18.)
*" * * * My son Charles is

with [me] , and I am going to bind him to be a tanner, with
the man 1 am now living with : and my oldest daughter is in
a very good place, and my other little girl is in another place,
near the other, and will remain there, till Hr'\ be able to do
for themselves ; they are people that has no children of their
own, and was very glad they could get them, from me : so
that I shall have no more trouble, but go and see them, u hen
I please ; and if it had not been that I had lost my wite, I
could have [been] more comfortable. I thank God, that my
children has got two such good homes as they have, and I am
a great deal contenter, than in England, and can make a good
living. 1 can live better with working one day, than in Eng-
land in seven, and there is a great many people living near
me, that comes from the same place that I did ; and it is a
very healthful place, and the climate good : the land is in
middling way, for being good.; and some raises very good
crops. [Here comes an account of produce and prices, much
thesam:'.asin many others.'] The people where we are, they
are moot Dutch, and a great many English and Scotch. All
people in this country that will work, may gain property very
fast, with care, and industry. The country is increasing with
ministers, and hearers very fast, and I think, the people in
this country is seeking after religion more than in England,
])ut they have more time, and enjoys more pleasure, than in
England. There is little or no tax in Canada ; but we can have
the goodness of it, ourselves: we do not have to take a
piece of dry bread, in our pockets, and go to our 6d. a day
work here ; but we go to eat with our master and mistress.;
and have the best that the world can afford of all kinds, and
spirits, and ale on the table, every time we sit down to eat.
All the farmers that I see, is independent, and has plenty ;
and I wish that the poor people in England had the leavings
of their tables, that goes to the dogs, and hogs ; they live
better than most of the farmers in England; that is, our dogs.
I do not see any body going from door to door, like in Englands,

4()

that would be a tlis;^rjicc to the country, and the people that
is in it. I must conclude, U-t I have not room ou my sheet to
write. I hope that you wiJl be so kind as to send for my fa-
ther, or let him see it, if he is spared in the world ; and tell
my poor old father to send me a letter back, and direct for
Thomas Adsett, Waterloo, Gait, Post Office, Halton.

Direct your letter to, province of Upper Canada, Halton
County, Gore district. Gait post office.

To the Rev. Robert Ridsdale,

Northchapel, near Godalniin^, Surrey,

England.

n! ■

TTie letters from which thefollountig extracts irere made, have
coniQ into the hands of the Committee, since the above
were printed.

Extract of a letter from William Phillips, ivho vent from
Merston, Sussex,

Adelaide, Upper Canada,
July28lhAm2.

Dear Father and Mother.

[The first part contains an account of the voyage as far
as York.]

Here [York] they put us on board .S schooners. Two went
to Hamilton: * they are not got here yet: ours went across the
Lake into the Welland canal, only 18 miles long, and only
37 locks in it, to Chippewa, 2 miles above the falls, which I
went under to see, down a well stair case, 172 steps. I have
heard Eden say, you could turn a waggon there, but it must be
a very small one. Here we was towed by oxen, 9 miles up the
Niagara river, opposite to Buffalo ; there the Yankey doctors
came to inspect us, but would not suffer us to cross the river j
here we staid 6 days for a fair wind ; then sailed for Kettle
Creek, or Port Stanley, I7O miles, where we landed on the 6th.
of July, but was not allowed to cross the river, on account of
Mrs Hilton being sea sick. They brought us boards, to make
us shantcys, and victuals to eat : we now went by land, to
Delaware, 25 miles, to Colonel Mount's : he had orders from

* Those ivho went by them, settled at, and near Dundas, An-,
caster, Gait, Guclph, S^c.

fv ', I,

[)ple that
sheet to

»r luy fa-
aiid tell

lirect for

, Haltoii

lade, have
the above

cent from

?7' Canada^
1832.

vage as

far

Tm'o went
across the

and only

s, which I

t)s. I have

it must be
iles up the
ey doctors

the river ;

for Kettle
on the 6th.
account of
Is, to make
land, to

ders from

undas, An-.

York, to let us have KX) atnvs of liiiul cacli, in \hv lownslilp
of Adelaide at 2 dollars per acre : one fourth to bo paid in li
years time, and the remainder in 3 years more. This is said
to be the best land in Upper Canada ; it is well watered and
level, not astoue to be seen, they say, for forty miles. I have
plenty of timber on my land: some of the trees will square or
7 feet; 89 feet from the roots without a branch. Dear father,
I hope you will come and help me next summer ; and bring
me all sorts of seeds that ltows in Eniclaud ; \ ou had better
stay till after harvest, and bring some cuttings of gooseberries
apples and grapes, thtit i may have some Knglish fruit, j ou
can bring tliem in a tub. Dear father, I would not advise
you to come here, if I did not know it would be to your advan-
tage, even if you spend your last shilling to get here : and
bring uncle Carpenter with you, and he, nor you will never
repent coming here, for I can get you both a farm, if you want
one ; and you can earn money enough, in one year, to pay
for it yourself. Dear father, \\'i!liam Cooper, and Edward
Boxall, and his wife, and I lives together, and works on our
own land: we shall sow G acres of wheat this fall, and more
iu the sjjring : their friends live at Grairham ; some of them
will come here next year, and I hope you will come with them.
1 muht concldue w ith my kind love to you, and all enquiring
friends. ISo no more at present from your dutiful son,

WILLIAM PHILLIPS.

Direct to William Phillips,

Township of Adelaide, Upper Canada, to be left at
Colonel Mount's, Delaware, North America.

Frcin Ili-mphrey Cooper, shoemaker, who went frovi Fittle-
vurth, i^lnssex, with his wife and 3 children. To Mr. J.
Turner, Fitt/eworth.

York, October 25///. 1832.
Sir,

[In the beginning of the letter he states, that altho' he
miffht have had land near Lake Simcoe, hefonnd that he could
not settle there comfortably , without more capital than he at
present possesses.'] * * * *

* So 1 thought I had better give up all thoughts

t)f lund, and go on with shoemaking, which I think it is the
moyt prolltabie trade here: the journeyman's wages are versy

t,;

f?i

d I

■ml

I' :l I

Tiigh ; if you put out the Ix'st top boots to make, tliey arc
jt*l. 5h. making: wellinj^ton hoots 14s: and common boot*
that people wear, instead of hi!;li shoes, are "s. ()d. making,
women's h)\v shoes Hs. I have got more work than I can do
myself. 1 am happy to tell you, I never had a better chance
in my life to do well. We have got a nici* house, built up on
purpose for us ; it belongs to an English gentleman : the
rent is high ; we pay jL'2(). a year, and a favor to get it ; as if
vou go for a single room, you will not get one under 7s. Gd.
per week. We have had every thing to buy for om* use,
which have been a great expence ; we now have got a
stove to get, for the winter ; as the cold is so great, every
body haves them in their houses. The cold weather lasted /
months last winter, and snow laid on the ground Hi weeks *
The people say it is nice dry weather, though cold: flannel
must not be sptired. * * * In respect

to trades ; journeyman's wages are very high ; from 5 to 7^-
per day, and the meanest laborers have 3s. 9d. per day.
Meat is reasonable, beef 3A per lb. good stakes 5d. hog-meat
Sh per lb. bullocks heart 7id. spirits and wines are as dear
here, at the inny, as in England ; but if you go to a store
house, you can get a quart of port wine, for 15d. a quart
•of whiskey for 9d. brandy Is. 6d. and 2s. per (juart. I have
a great wish for William [his son] to come over, as soon as
an opportunity serves, as 1 know that here is a good chance
for him to do well, if he have a mind to it, or any other per-
son that is industrious, that comes over. My wife, and my-
self and family, wishing you health and hai)piness, and to all
enquiring friends. I hope, some time, I sliall have an oppor-
tunity of coming to England, to see my friends.

I am &e.

HUMPHREY & C. COOPER.

P. S. I am sorry there is so many people that comes out
of England, gives the country a bad name ; it is that sort of
people that won't work, and give their mind up to drhik and
idleness.

* TTie snow does not He so long by 3 ^veeks or a month at
Adelaide, Niagara, or Gueljph.

APPENDIX.

CONTAIMNO

Comparative Table of Duties, p. 50.

ExTaACTs from Capteiimole — Aj^riculture — Industry —
Poverty — Ardent Spirits — Upper Proviiiee preferable, p. 5F

Snow and Frost — Clotbing — Warm Feet — Fur Caps — Air,
dry — Western part of Upper Canada preferable — Deer — No'
Game Laws — Bears — Wolves — Foxes, p. 52

Game — Pigeons — Wild Fowl — Turkeys — Geese — Duck*
— Rice Lake — Snipes — Woodcocks — Fish — Fruit, p. 53.

Laborers — Women Servants — Communications opening —
Caution about Water at York — Lodging Houses wanted*
p. 54.

From Backwoodsman — Who to go to Canada ? — Large
Family an advantage — All Artisans wanted — ^To go by Mon-
treal — Take Seeds — Lose no time — Bears and Pigs. p. 55,

Wild Turkeys — Pigeons — Fish — Spearing fish by torch-
light — Comparison of E. and W. Sections, p. 57.

Price of Labour — London and Western Districts — ^Tim-
ber—Eat off Wheat, p. 58.

Col. Talbot — Houses — Shanty — Loghouse — Farm House,
p. 59.

Education — Canada, or the United States ? — Allegiance-
Conscience, p. 60.

Freeholders — Markets — ^Taxation — Price of necessaries, and
luxuries of life. p. Gl.

From M'c Greoor — Saw Mills, p. 62,

From Pickering — Religious Institutions, p. 62.

Ecclesiastical Establishment — Church of England, p. 63
and 64.

Scotland — Roman Catholic, p. 65.

.")()

ii-'1'l

Information iVoni Chief AgcMits for SuporlnteiRlcncc of
Emigrants, p. 65.

Rideau Canal opened — Families — Laborinii: Emigrants —
Discharged Soldiers — Forwarding Agent.

From Caxadian Courant — New Steamer to go up the
Rapids above Montreal, p. (3/.

For the information of Settlers — Conveyance to Mr. Mount,
atCarrodoc, by Capt. Fitzgibbon. p. 7^^^-

Work for Emigrants — Gratuitous Emigrant Committee
at Yo:k. p. 71-

Capt. Hale's Instructions, p. 72.

Gazetteer, p. 8i.

List of Books on the Cauadas and Emigration, p. 102.

!■

Comparative view of the Duties, payable on Articles of
European Maimfacture, consumed in the United States,
and in the British North American Colonies. — (Adjusted
to the new Tariff of 1833.)

i- I

BRITISH AMERICA.

Ad Va.
Woollen Goods (pr cent) 2\

Cotton Goods 2^

Silk Goods 2\

Linen Goods 2\

Leather Goods '2\

Earthenware & China . .2^

Hardware 2\

Iron and Steel Manu-j^i

factures j ^

Iron in bars or sheets, ? ^j

Cables, Anchors, &c. j -

Salt free

UNITED STATES.

Ad Va.
10 to Jh (per cent)
25 to 125
5 to 40
25

30 to 100
20 to 30
25 to 30 ..

10 to 125

1(H) to 200

( 5</. per bushel, besides a

1 State excise of (ij^/.

leiicc of
grants —
) up the
. Mount,
3111111 ittec

. 102.

rticles of
(I States,
Adjusted

PES.

I)eside9 a

EXTRACTS, /m»t Cattrrmole on " The admntagcs of
Emiyration to the Canadas." May 1H31.

Page 2. — For the purpose of agriculture, the Upper Pro-
vince is decidedly preferable, the climate being much milder.
However, to go there with any reasonable prospect of success,
some capital or a labouring or mechanical employment, con-
nected with the every day pursuits and necessities of life, are
indispensably required. See Titmouse^ &c.

Pages 2 iind 3. — ^To persons in the possession of these re-
quisites, and of sober and iiuhistrious habits, poverty losses
all its terrors, or rather so far as it implies want, it has no
existence whatever in that fertile land. I believe th.cre is no
place in the known world, where ir^dividual exertions are so
well requited by the bounties of nature, as in Upper Canada,
high wages arc paid to the labourhig classes, by such as need
and can pay for their services. Sec Neal, Hilly Philips^
Elliott, Martin, and Stedman.

Page 3. — Having travelled from Quebec to Sandwich, the
western settlement of the province, a distance of more thnn
700 miles, I am enabled fully to state, that no such abject Uii-
sei^ is known there, as exists in this once happy land. Ste
Neal, Hill, Martin.

Page 4. — One serious drawback, however, to all these ad-
vantages must not be conceal' d : it is an evil of that magni-
tude that it cannot be too strongly animadverted upon, I
mean drunkenness, by yielding to which, the transition from
decent sober men, to the opposite extreme, is effected in that
country with a celerity mucli to be deplored, and T am fear-
ful, this degrading and destructive vice will continue, m bile
ardent spirits arc sold at the cheap rate they now are. Such
as are already addicted to this vice, or who distrust their
power to resist its temptation, I would seriously advise to
stay at home : the land teems with slaves to this profanation
of all the moral and intellectual powers of manknid. 'I his
remark applies both to Canada and the United wStates.

A further reason for advising all who think cf the Cana-
das, to go direct to the Upper Province, i.s, that Lovrr
Canada is too hot

summe

I I

:y2

m '

1'' i%

'•"Ml

pneuer.il habits, and constitution of Englitih eniij;r:irits. See
Xvn/, ^T.

Pa^*^ 7- — ^n January the s^reatest fall of snow usually hap-
pens, \vhen the \Ainter tratlc with the interior coniniences,
the snow s<)nietinies, but not of late yeart'. allows of two
months good sleighing ; last winter was niiia, and it ditl not
exceed five or six weeks ; this is considere<l in tlie present
state of the roads, as a calamity, preventing the farmers, who
live far back in the country, from getting to the diilerent
markets with their produce. In fact all, both Canadians
and emigrants, after the first year, do not wish for mild win-
ters, as they are less^ favourable to health and business, than
fine frosty weather, accompanied with plenty of snow.

Page 8. — In general we pay far greater attention to proper
clotiiing than is done at home, wearing stout fearnoughts,
Sec. this pervades all ranks, even the Indian observes it, and
rarely appears, at least, to suffer from the most severe wea-
ther, which, it should be observed, is generally dry, seldom
taking cold; if the feet and head are kept \\arm, all goes on
well ; fur caps are nmch worn in Aviiiter, being better adap-
ted than hats, and may be had near 100 per cent cheaper here
than in Canada ; 10 dollars is the usual price of a good cap.
The air, though nmch colder than in this country, being dry
and deprived of its moistness by congelation, has less cfTtHt
on the human body than moister air, although many degrees
warmer.

Page 9. — The western part of Upper Canada is decidedly
the finest portion of British Anierica that I have seen, parti-
cularly along the sides of Dundas Street, for 30 or 40 milts
on both sides of the road : it is also particularly fine about
Ancaster, Dundas, Hamilton, up to Brantford, Flambro-west,
and all the way up, to the township iA' (Jueiph, l)eing well
cultivated, affording good s(>ciety, and tolerable roads ; all
this exterit;ive tract of conntry w ill produce wheat crops, I
think better in quality, and more abundant than the opposite
shores of Ohio, and Michigan, and is not liehind Pensylvania
in productiveness, although a nmch older state, the land in
Canada lying rather higher from the lake. See Goatcher,
Jlemliiff, HajjfiOii, ^6'.

Page 10. — Deer abound in the woods, all persons capable
and willing to hunt them do so, there being no game laws.
See Cooper, Boc all, bt^c.

Bears, wolves, and foxes are not so numerous as to be
troublesome ; the flesh and skins of the firet of these are

\% '

vahiablf, and the reward paid ior the scalps of the wolves,
on producinj^ them before a maifistrate, which was raised
last session, 1 believe from 1 to 21. per head, tends to keep
them under. S^ee Patmell, Rapso/t, i>;c.

Pheasants, in some parts, are numerous, they are vol iike
the Knglish bird in size or plumaL;;e, but equal in point of
flavour. Quails are very numerous, and larger than ours,
these are frequently called partridges, though decidedly not
no. See Bod'ullf PuiuidL ^c.

Pigeons are so luii \erous as to be irksome to English
sportsmen, who soon lose their zest for that amusement,
many persons killing hundreds of them in a day. I have
seen flocks that appeared to extend for some miles, literally
darkening the atmosphere in passing, which they invariably
<li(l in one direction. See Rapson, Seal, dsr.

Wild fowl, turkies, geese, and ducks abound throughout
the country, the Rice lake near York is alive with them and
xiniX seals : the low grounds and borders of the woods,
snipes and woodcocks are plentiful, I have known one gen-
tleman bai^ tvvc'.'tv couple in one dav : tiie woodcock is
smaller and not so fine as the British. See Pa„nell, Rajtson, 6^'C.

Page II. — The lakes teem with white fish, salmon, trout,
sturgeon, nnisquenonge, white and black bass, pickerill, eels,
and herrings in vast quantities, salmon and white fish are
delicious, particularly the latter, 1 know no fish in P/ritain
that surpass it; the herrings we oidy use fresh, hut if some
flshermen could be induced to go, by using English salt, they
would find plenty of employment upon the lakes for six
months in the vear, with sufficient leisure to catch and cure
the fish, and as we have a large catholic population in and
near York, that alone should induce them to make the at-
tempt ; or, if they hired th'miselves to the masters of schoon-
ers on the lakes, they could earn from 14 to 20 dollars per
month, and avcU provided. See Pamie/l, 6;c.

Apples are in every variety siqierior, \\hen carefully raised,
to the English ; pears not so good, phnns, cherries, nu)>tly
of the Kentish kind, peaches are so plentiful, the very lu)gs
feed upon them ; the peach trees are all standards, but so
little care is taken of tliem, that it is not, possible to imagine
to what extent they might be inqjroved. Grai)es grow
in the Niaga' a district, but are inferior; gooseberries, cur-
rants, and raspberries grow wild in great quantities, and in
the season, wild pigeons feed upon them. See Raji^cjt^
THmovseyi^c-.

:»i

f Ki ■ f

Wxlr.

Prrf^r 12. — Farm ]uboiirrrt<, if hired by the day, receive
from 3.?, to ift. Gd. txclusiive of board. See PanncU, Hill,
S'cdifhi/i, ..V.

Pa^e 1.*). — Woiiien servanta c«iii liardly be procured, and
they generally receive 18*. or a Guinea a month. See Hi /,
Upton, Geo. Boa all, 6;c.

l\i>e 15. — ^I'he Newcastle, Home, Gore, and London dis-
tricts, from the easy access of comnumication now opened
with tlio other parts of the province, are rapidly settling, and
from the climate being milder, and the soil much superior in
the western parts of the province, it is greatly to the advan-
tnge of Emigrants to settle to the west of York. See Mar-
tin.

Fage 17. — Water in the Town [York] is not generally
good ifrom the \velis, but excellent from the bay which runs
up to the town, most well water heing to a certain extent
brackish, and impregnated with limestone, which strangers
instantly perceive ; this may easily be remedied by boiling,
and all emigrants should use this precaution ; in most parts
1 consider the water perfectly good. See Adsett.

Page 18. — Good lodging houses are much wanted, and
if some spirited innkeepers were to go from England, it must
answer their puqjose.

0' *

EXTRACI^ from Statistical Sketches of Upper
Canada, hij a Backwoodwian.

Page 6. — ^^ ho then are to go to Canada? In tlie first
place, all who cannot comfortably support themselves by
their labour at home ; because, let a man be ever so poor in
this country, his wages as a labourer Mill more than support
his family, — and if he be prudent and sober, he may in a
phort time save money enou/rh to purchase for himself a farm,
— and it he has a family, so much the better, as chudren are
the best stock a farmer can possess, the labour of a child se-
ven years old being considered worth his maintenance and
€ ihication, and the wages of a boy of twelve or fourteen years
of age, being higher than those of a stout and skilful plough-
man in most parts of Great Britain, generally from thice to
four dollars a month, with bed, board, and washing besides.
At home they talk of * a poor man with a large fiimily ;' but
KUth a phrasie in Canada, would be a contradiction ot terms ;

.».)

(for a m;ui here, who has a large fiiuiiiy aui.-t, under ordlimrv
circumstanccj*, soon cease to be a poor man. ISee Titmouse,
Ncai, Smari, vvc.

Pat^e /. — Mechanics and artizans of almost all descriptions,
— millwrights, blacksmiths, carpenters, masons, bricklayers,
tailors, shoemakers, tanners, millers, and all the ordinary
trades that are required in an agricultural, and partially ship-
owning, aiul commercial country, will do well to come to
Canada. See Xta/, 6;c.

Page 8. — Of these trades, the blacksmith, tailor, shoema-
ker, and tanner, are the best. If there were in nature
(uhich is doubtful) such a being as a sober blacksmith, he
might make a fortune. SeePAi///;., 6,'c.

Page IG. — I prefer coming to Canada via Montreal, as it
saves money, time, .id transhipment of baggage.

Page 1/ — Emigrants would find their account in bring-
ing out siuall quantities of seeds, particularly those of the
rarer grasses, as lucern, trefoil, &c. ; for if they did not nei'd
such articles themselves, they would find plenty who would
buy them at a high price. To these may be added some small
parcels of potatoe outs, and of the large black oat of thr south
of Ireland, for seed, as that grain, if not renewed, degenerates
into so .icthing little better than chaff in the course of time.
8ee Boxall, Heniin(f, 6^c.

Page 21. — If you have no money to throw away, and wish
to have snug quarters for jourself and your family next win-
ter, you will not stay one hour in Quebec, or in any other
t{»wn, longer tlian you can possibly avoid, — but get your lug-
g.i.ge on board the Montreal steam-boat, and be off if possible
m ten minutes alter anchor has been let go ; — for by dandling
about Uucbec, Montreal, Kingston, and York, you will spend
more money and lose more time, than, if properly employed,
might have lodged and fed yourself and family, during tiie
first and M^orst year of your residencvi in the new world.

Page ^-^9. — V\'hen a bear runs away with one of your pigs,
there is no use in going alter him, hallooing, without a gun.
You may soare hini away from the mutilated carcase, but it
\s ill make but indifferent pork ; since not being bred in Lea-
denhiiU or ".\'hitechapel, he has but a slovenly way of slaugh-
ttrii:..;. iJ.tt trace to where he has dragged it, and near
^dabct, let s(. \\ and friend hide themselves within easy distance,
anvi he ^\!ll be certain to come for his supper; whichj like all
seiiwibie aniiuais, he prefers to every other meal. IN ay, it is
hi^^hly probable, if he poasesses the gallantry which a well

■|.

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:iith

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bred bear o\vj:hi to have, lie will bring Mrs. Bruin and all
tlie chiltlrcn along with him, and you can transact bussiness
with the whole familv at once.

Page 41. — ^Vhen onee they have killed a pig, if you do not
manage to kill the bear, you will never keep one hog ; lor
thev will come hack, till the, have taken the last of them ; —
they will even invade the sacred precincts of the hog-stye.
An Irishman in the Newcastle district once caught a bear
faiirantc dflicio, dragging a hog over the walls of tlie pen.
Pat instead of assailing the hear, thought only of securing his
property ; so he jumped into the stye, and seized the pig by
the tail. Bruin having hold of t!ie ears, they had a deafl p\ill
for possession, till the whillilooing of pat, joined to the plain-
tive notes oih\» pr(jt(^ffe, brought a neighbour to his assistance,
who decided the contest m Pat's favour, by knocking the as-
sailant on the head. Sec Nea/, Rajjsoif, is;(:.

Page 45. — The wild turkey takes the lead of our Upper
Canadian feathered game. He is found in the London and
■western districts exclusively ; though I have heard, that in
New England, he is domiciliated nuich farther to the north.
He is large, weighing from 2.") to 351bs., of a dark colour,
which in some individuals is lighter, and in others approach-
es to a leaden gray ; and is very like the domestic turkey of
the country, which there is little doubt, must in many instan-
ces hold the same relation to him as the half Indian (' o?' bois
bride,' as the French call them) does to the original proprie-
tor of the soil. You can only distinguish him from his
civilized cousin, by a quick, firm, light infantry step, in his
gait, and his independent, watchful look. At certain periods
of the year, he is any thing but shy. I have walked along the
highway for half a mile at least, with a flock of fourteen of
them marching in front of me all the time within easy shot :
some of them marching in the middle of the road, some hop-
ping up on the rail fences and running along them, some jump-
ing over into the neighbouring field, but none showing any
unreasonable fear of me. See Bo.valf, PannelL

Page A^. — Every person who has been in America has de-
scribed the interminable fiocks of wild pigeons ; so I shall not
trouble my reader on that score. 8ome two sunmiers ago,
a stream of tliem took it into their headvS to fly over York ;
and for three or four days the town resounded with one con-
tinued roll of firing, as it a skirmJ! h were going on in the
i«treets, — every gun, pistol, miiskct, biunderbuss, and fire-arm
ot wlnitever description, was put in re(juisition. The consta-
bktt and pohce magistrates -were on the alert, and offenders

Avithout number, wi^re pulled up^ — .imoiii? whomwciv hoi:(>ur-
able members of tho executive luul leijfislutive councils, erou ;i
lawyers, respect:ible sttiid citizens, and last of all the sheriif of
the county ; till at last it was found that pi<^eons, flyini^ with-
in easy shot, were a temptation too stroni.'j for human virtue to
withstand ; — and so the contest was given up, aiul a sporting
jubilee proclaimed to all and sundry.

Pai^e 49. — The streaai is no less prolific in sport than the
forest arul field. And if a man thinks proper, in the words of
1/aak Walton, * to be pleasant and eat a trout,' he can gratify
his taste to atiy extent in Upper Canada. Trout are only-
found in the small streams, not in the larger rivei*s; the large
hsh, probably, making the latter unsafe quarters for them.
Tlit>y, generally speaking, are small, like those of the moor-
land-burns at home, but very delicately flavoured. When,
however, mill-dams are erected on streams, thev increase in
size ; and in the beautiful clear streams, fed from springs in
tiie Long Point country, they are as large as I have seen them
anywhere in England. The banks being overhung with trees,
fly-fishing is rarely to be had, except you station yourself on
a bridge or mill-dam ; but the bait they take at all seasons,
from the middle of winter, when you catch them through a
hole in the ice, to summer, when you wash down the middle
of the stream, with it floating before you. Not being ac-
quainted with the ways of the world and the deceits of man-
kind, a piece of beef is as good a bait for a Canadian trout as
any that can be found.

()f other fish there is no lack ; and many of them have no
European name, but are very good fish for all that. See
BuxaU^ Funnel/^ tSv;.

Pjige 50 — Spearing fish is a pretty amusement. It is done
by standing in the bow of the canoe and motioning with your
spear how you wish to be guided ; and it is nmch more pro-
ductive at nii:ht, by torch lii>ht than in the day time. But I
would reconnnend all infant Neptunes, who are only learning
the use of their tridents, to practise for some time in shallow
water ; for so sure as they commence their career, they will
let their zeal cutrun their discretion, and upset the canoe at
least twice, for once they will strike the fish.

Page ^V2. — ^The eastern and western sections of the country
possess relative advantages and disadvantages. The soil of
the eastern portion is very inferior to that of the western ;
and as the line of the River St. Lawrence and the lake runs
about as much to the southward as to the westward, it follows

r ■

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wwk
mm

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i^'fli

; 'S

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of courso, that the climate "of the west<?ni, i)>ust hn mwnh
more mild than that of tht' eastern, mid, alao, thut the win-
ter 19 shorter by some weeks.

Page G3. — The j)rice of labour is cheaper in the en^^tern
portion of the colony, than the west, T\\\^ is 0'.\hi>j- to its
proximity to the Lower Province, wliere the Trcn-h Cana-
dians work for wages not much, if at all, hij^her than those
of a labourer in En<i;land, and the many poor eaiiiiraiits,
who liave to work their way before they can tna!}a;;e to tra-
vel fariSit r up the country. —

H,t T7. — Having got through the small portion of se-
co -ra.e *and, we now come to the garden ot Caau'la, — tfte
London ai) ' Western districts. This conntry occu-jies fully
one-third of the whole province, and tliere Is not on the cqtj-
tinent of xVmerica so large a tract of unexceptiona!)le land.
The soil seems to have been laid down by tlie water ; for it
is based on limestone rock, — then comes a stratum of clay, —
and generally, between that and the mouUi, there is a layer
of gravel, of greater or less thickness. The soil on ti;e surface
is of a loamy description, — sometimes sandy and sometimes
clayey, but in every case highly productive.

Page 7^^^ — ^The timber is such, as in this country indicates
the best land ; and it is necessary that you should, in the
choice of land, be aware of what kind of timbered land is the
best. A mixture of maple, bass wood (a kind of lime), elm,
and cherry, indicates the very best soils ; an intermixture of
beech is no objection ; and black walnut is foujul on first
rate soils. But if beech be the only wood, or the prevalent
one, you may be sure that the soil is light. Pine grows on
sandy soil, as often does oak, and always chestiuit. See
Rapson, Pannell, Heminf/.

Pages 78 and 79 — The growth and appearance of the tim-
ber, as well as the species, will enable you to judge of the na-
ture of the soil. In the best soils, the timber is large, tall,
and with a broad-spread bushy top, the bark clean, and witii-
out moss. If in addition to this you find weeds, particularly
a large species of nettle, taller than yourself, and that the
trees rise out of the ground at once, like a broomstick, with-
out at all displaying those roots which Gray calls ' wild fan-
tastic,' and winch poets and painters admire, but Canadian
farmers abominate, you will find you have got a rich deep
inexhaustible soil- where, if you sow wheat the first year,
unless you eat it down with your stock in spring, you will
have a crop of straw, but, if you adopt the above-recommended

j!^

prerimlloii, you inuy count ojj u return of IVimu thirty <^ii I'orty
bushels per acre. The great majority of the lauJs of this
division are of this description.

This country owes its settlement soU'ly, to the perseveriti .
industry of my worthy and excellent friend, Colonel Talbot.

Page 108. — ^There arc diflferent kinds of houses in Canada,
about which a few words may be usef\d to the settler. Most
of the houses, more particularly those of recent settlers, are
))uilt of logs. When a man gets on a little in tlie world, he
builds a frame house, weather-boarded outside, and lathed
and plastered within ; atid in travelling along the road, you
can form a pretty accurate estimate of the time a man has
been settled, by the house he inhabits ; — indeed, in some in-
stances, you may read the whole hist- y of his settlement, in
the buildings about his farm-yard.

Page 109. — The original shanty, r log-uovel, which shel-
tered the family when they first arrived on their wild lot,
still remains, but has been degraded into a piggery ; the more
substantial loghouse, which held out the weatlier during the
first years of their sojourn, has,witb He increase of their wealth ,
become a chapel of ease to the stable or cowhouse ; and tlie
glaring and staring, bright-red brick house, is brought for-
ward close upon the road, that the frame dwelling, which at
one time, the proprietor looked upon as the very acme of his
ambition, may at once serve as a kitchen to, and be concealed
by, its more aspiring, and aristocratic successor ; just like a
man, who having acquired wealth from small beginnings, is
anxious to conceal from the world the gradations by which
he rose, and to exhibit only the result of his successful in-
dustry.

If you can afford to build a brick or stone house at first,
hy all means do so j but if you cannot, take my advice, and,
lijce a good fellow, don't build a frame one. It is the most
uncomfortable dwelling ever man lived in. It is utterly im-
possible to make it air tight, so that it is as hot as an oven in
summer, and as cold as an open shed in winter. Build a log-
house ; not a thing that is put up in the course of a forenoon,
hut with corners neatly squared and jointed, as if a carpenter
had dovetailed them. Point it with mortar, not clay, and
whitewash it outside and in ; and give it a cottage roof, the
eaves projecting at least twenty inches, so that the drop may
never touch the walls. As you will hardly get seasoned wood,
you had better lay your floois rough, and run up temporary
wooden partitions. With such a house, you may make a

l::r'ni'

I'i'^^'l

If I' ill

lii:

likii

shift for till* first v.'iJitiM'. Next sprliiL^, the boartls will be
seasoned ; so yon e:m t:i!<e t'lem uj), room by room, and have
them properly planed, ploui;Iied, ton^ued, and laid ; and
t'l.VM, when yon pitister yoiu* walls? and partitions, the loi^s
huvii'.jj dried and setik\l, as nuieh as there is any chance of
tlielr ever doin;;. you will have a comfortable house for the
remainder of yonr life.

^^'e build verv u^lv houses in Canada, very ill laid out,
and very ineonnnodious ; but this is our misfortune, not our
f;m!t, for theiT are no people on the face of the earth, more
Millinuf to learn, and if by any chance, a num once lays out a
cottaijfe a little neater than his neiijchbour's, you will see it imi-
tated for ten miles on each side of him, alonuf the road. There-
fore, if vou v.'ill hrin;>; out M'ith vou a set of neat (lcsi<'ns,
and ehnations of siuall houses, it will not only enable vou to

» •

build a jj^ood house yourself, but you will become a public
benefactor, oy showin*? to the M'holc of your neiii^hbourhood,
how they nuiy do the same.

PaL!:es 110 and III. — ILducaticm met Mlth early considera-
tion from the Legislature of this province ; small endow-
ments were made lor conmion schools, and 100/. per annum
voted for a i^rannnar-school in each district ; but still, ujitil
lately, there Mas no seminary in the province, superior to a
Scotch parochial school, when the lieutenant-jj;overiior, at
his own risk, established a coUcfife, consistini; of a principal,
three classical, and one mathematical master, a dra^^ ini'; and
French master, and an establishment for readinii;, writing-,
and arithmetic. And these masters beiuij choscii from Ox-
ford and CamhriilL^e, of wdiichuniveniities they are j;raduates,
for their talents, we may say that the means of education are
now as «ood in Canada, as at any of the great chartered
schools in England.

Page 1 Ki. — it irt a question with many intending emigrants,
whether to go to Canada or the United States. I think
Ca I sada preferable, and for the following reasons : —

il is to many. Mho happen to have consciences, no light
nvitter, to forswear their allegiance to their king, and declare
that they are willing to take up arm's against their native
country, at the call of the country of their adoption ; and un-
less they do so, they must remain aliens for ever ; nay even
if they do manage to swallow such an oath, it is seven years
before their apostacy is rcM-arded by the right of citizenship,
lu luiidinjj; in his Majesty's donunions, they carry with them

tlicir riijljts of tnil)ji'cts, and iiu'iu-duitriy on 1^'.'(.( iuliii;' K's,
Ir.'choldi rs, iiave tlit* ri;;!it of \oti!ig lor a i( pr. ti'i.tttivi'.

'1 lie markt'tii of Canada for larin prochice an', and must he,
lu'ttiT than 1 hose of the l.'iiitcd St;iU'h ; for Canadian ((in
is adiuittod into both British a:;d We-^t Ijidian [icrls, on much
inoro a(l\anlai;e(nis tt'rnis than lorciirn ti;rawi. :'!iil tin.' iavcs
on artic'k'!) recinircd for the consunipl ot the iuiiabitants, an-
not one-twelfth so sj^reat in Canada, as in the United .*";taleM.
Thus, all British ^^ood;; pay at Quebec, only *J I por cent, fiff
rrt/oriiii, whilst at any American port, they pay Irom iJ.'i^ to
(K) per cent.

Pai^e 114. — Very erroneous notions are current in ICiU'h'.iul
with rei!;ar(l to the taxation of the United States. Tlie truth
is, that though Auierica is lisi,htly ta.xed in compa.rison v, iiii
Enirland, it is by no means to l)e consiucrc^d so, when c('m-
))ared to uiost of the continental nations. The account
usually rendered of American taxation is fallacious. It is
stated, that somethiui^ uiuler six millions sterliui;, or about
JOs. pcM' head on an avera<?e, pays the whole army, na.\y,
civil list, and interest of debt, of tlie United States, while we
re(iuire hity millions, or nearly 21. 10.S'. each, for the same
purpose. But the fact is, that that sum is only about half
what the Americans pay in reality ; for each iiulividual state
has its OMii civil list, and all the nuichincrv of a j.>:overnment
to support; and, insiti;iiificant as the expeiices of tliat uijxcri!-
ment appciu* in detail, yet the aji;grep,ate is of very icrious
importance. For instance, there are live times as many
judges, in the state of New York alone, as in Great Britain
and Inland; and tliough ejich indivicUuil of these, ^vcreto
receive i:o ir.ore tlum we would pay a maccr, of the court,
yet, when there comes to be two or three hundred of them, it
becomes a serious matt(r ; iicr (h'cs it m;d<e any diiicrcmc,
in iact, whetlier they are paid out of the exelu <juer oi the
state, or by the fees of tlie suitors in their com-ts ; tluy are
equally paid by a tax on the people, in either case.

Page 115. — ^iVithough the necessaries of hie are cheap in
America, and e<]ually cheap in Canada, the luxuries of lile aie
Jiighcr, by several hmulred per cent, in the one country, than
the other. Thus, wine in the Cuitcxl States is so highly taxed,
that in a ta^Trn at New Yorl:, you \yi\\ more for a tjottle (;f
Madeira than in one at London, \ iz. live dollars, — and MUxn
^shillings for port.

'kU

•V

ii^i

Itii-

SAW Mir.LS.

ExTMACT^ //v//;/ M'c (ihkcjoh's Rnt'ish Atnfriru, Paf/c'Ml,
I'ol.'liul,

Wht're\ t r a scttlommt is formed in Anicrlca, a suw-iiiill
is viM'v soon iiItcT, if not at the same time, erected. Tlu!
riuinlier of saw-mills in the British eolonies, are ineonceiva-
ble, to those who are not familiari/ed to the risinj; settle-
ments of new countries. A saw-mill is, in fact, a most
important establishment. It not only forms a nucleus, or
centre, to a settlement, but a first-rate saw-mill, with two
frames, will i^ive employment to four first-ratc, four second-
rate, and two third-rate, sawyers ; besides a measurer, a
blacksmith, and from I^) to 40 men, to prepare the timber
re(|uired, and i\)r other requisite work, connected with the
establishment : t\\enty oxen, and two horses, are also neces-
sary, for hauling the timber required, to the streams, and to
other places. '^Phe boards, deals, or scantling, sawed at these
mills, excepting; such as are recpiired for the use of the neij^h-
bouriuij; settlers, are rafted down the rivers for shipping.
See l'})(oti.

ExTKACTs from Pickering's Inquiries of an Emigrant.

18:32.

RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS.

App. ]). 188. — The Church of England is established; chur-
ches arc hiiil(lini( in various parts of the province, and clergy-
men jiy)pointe(l, Mho each receive a salary of i.*20(). per annum,
from a society in England, at present j but land is set apart
lor the purp( se in every township, on its first survey, of
Avhich but little has been brought into cultivation, and con-
sequently unavailable. Meeting-houses of various sects are
found in every toMU ; and, indeed, in almost every township
in the Trovince, where there is neither town nor village.
They are generally situated on the public road sides, built by
subscription, and some of their preachers supported by the
same means ; others are termed local, and selected from the
settlers in the neighbourhood. Some of the meeting-houses
are large, and tolerable well finished. Sometimes the public
services of the church, as well as other sects, are held in pri-
vate houses, in the back settlements. The founders of the
province being originally French, there are many Catholic
places of worship, particularly in the large towns; and their
ceremonies are conducted in a manner more splendid, than in
the Protestant establishments. See ElHotty Hapson.

{y.\

ICCCLlvSlAiSTlCAL lJi:i'AHTMENT.

CLT.UGY OF ''MIE ESTAIILISIIED CHURCH Oi' KNOLAND,

1832.

The Honorable and Right Reverciul Charles James Stewart,
D. D. Lord Bishop of Quebec.

The Venerable George O'Kill Stuar^, L. L. D. Archdeacon

of Kingston.
The Honorable and Venerable John Strachan, D. D. Arch-

deaeon of York.

Domestic Chaplain, is;c. — Reverend Robert D. Cartwrij^ht,

A. M.

Visiting Missionary to the Diocese. — Rev. G. Arehbold.

EASTKRX DISTRICT.

T\f rii . P^^^^- ^- Myers,

Matilda, b^c. | Yi^^ ^ Roi)ertson, Assistant Minister.

IVilliamsburyh and^ Rev. J. G. Weagant.

Osnabruck. \ Rev. F. Mack, Assistant Minister.

' * \ Rev. J. L. Alexander, Curate.

HATIIUUST DISTRICT.

Perth, cVr. — Rev. M. Harris, A. M.
Heckwith, is;c. — Rev. R. Harte, A. B.
Richmond, bi;c. — Rev. R. Short.
March, ^c. — (Vacant)

JOHXSTOWX DISTRICT

C Rev. J. Weiiham, Chaplain to the Lord Bishop,
Brockville, <| (absent.)

i Rev. — Gunning, (in temporary charge.)
Prescot, ^c. — Rev. R. Blakey.
Yonye, S^c. — Rev. R. Elms.
Oxford and Marlborough, ^c. — Rev. H. Patton.

MIDLAND DISTRICT.

") Rev. G. O. Stuart, L. L. D.
Kingston, J j^^^^ r^ jjandcock, A. M. Assistant Minister,
Bath, Ernestown, &^c. — Rev. J. Stoughton.
Adolphustown, ^c. — Rev. J. Deacon.
Halloivell, &^c. — Rev. William Macaulay.
Belleville, H^c. — Rev. T. Campbell.
Carrying Place, (Township of Murray) S^c, — Rev. J. Grier*

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NEWCASTLE DISTRICT.

Vobomv/, kc. — Rev. A. N. Ikthiine.
Porf lio/je, &c'.— Rev. (i . Co/^daii, A. "B.
Cavan, cScc. — Rev. J. TLomson.
Peterborough, &c. — Rev. S. Aripoiir.

HOME DISTIMCT.

York, &c. — Hon. and Rev. J. Strachan, D. D. Archdeacon of

York.
Toronto, &c. — Rev. J. Mao:rath.
Markham and Vuvgham^ — Rev. P. MayerhofTcr.

GORE DISTRICT.

Ancastcr, Barton, 7 Rev. J, ^liller, M. A. and

Hamilton and Dvudiis, 3 R<^'v. R. Lecniini!;.
Missionaries to the Six-NaHon 1 iU'v. R. Lu<;ij;er, and
Indians on the Grand River, j Rev. A. Nelies.

NIAGARA DISTRICT.

Niagara, — Rev. T. Creen.

Chiji/.-cira, Stamford, and Queenstown, — Rev. W. Leeming.

Grimshy, he. — Rev. R. (irout.

^7. Caihar'nies, See. — Rev. J. Clarke, A. M.

IFaterlo'), Fort Erie, &c. Rev. J. Anderson.

LONDON DISTRICT.

St. Thomas, Sec. — Rev. M. Burnham, A. B.
U'oodJiouse, ike. — Rev. F. Evans.
London, &c. — Rev. E. J. Boswell.

WESTERN DISTRICT.

Amherst Ijurgh, 8i.c. — Rev. R. Rolph.
Sandivieh, — Rev. A^'illiam Johnson.
Chatham, ike. — Rev. T. Mcrley.

CllAI'LAINS TO TUB FORCES.

Kingston, — Rev. R. W. Tnnney.
York, — Rev. J. Hudson, M. A.

CORPORATION FOR SUPERINTENDING AND MAN^U..1VG
THE CLElUiY Rl SERVES.

The Lord Bishop.

The Estabhshed Clergy. k

The Inspector General. h

The Surveyor General.

Secretary, — The Honorable George H. Marklaiul.

Agents, — The reside ht Ckrgy ii. tb( s(\cral Histrids,
Meetiiiijs of the Bo.ird — tbe lirst 'i iictd; v ni the n.ciitlit
of Februarj' — May — August — and Koveitlur.
N. B. — A General Meeting is held in February.

CLEUGrV IN- COMMITNION WITH TUB ESTAHLISHIiD
CIIURril OF .SCOTI.AXn.

IV'd'daimtoion — The Rev. J. AI'Ken/.ie.
Lorhh'l — The llev. J. M'Laurin.
Conitnall — Tlie Rev. Mr. Ur([uhart.
Marlintoi.im—^n-iQ Rev. A. M'Coiinell.
Perth— V\\<y. Rev. Thomas Wilson.
Piijtawn — rhe Rev. Mr. Crookshank.
K'ui>/Hon —The Rev. J. Macliar.
Ancu^ttr—Th^ Rev. Mr. Sheed.
Nktiiara—nvi Rev. II. M'Gill.
London — The Rev. A. Ross.
AmlierslbHrrjh — The Rev. Mr. Gale.

ROMAX CvTIIDLIC CLERGY IX UPPER CAVADA.

Glengarry — Right Reverend Alexander M'Donell — Bishop of

Kin£ijston.
Very Rev. W. P. M' Donald,
Very Rev. W. J. O'Grady,
Rev. John M'Donell,
Rev. James Campion.

kars General

\ Chaph

ains

Rev,

-Demi)sey — Sk'cretan/.

St. Andreu'.^ and Cornivall- Xqv. William Fraser — lu'cfor,
Prescut and Bror/cvl/le — Rev. Timothy O'Meara,
Bytovm — Rev. Angus M'Donell,
Ptr/A— Rev. John^ M'Donell,

Kingston— \ ^'^^1 ^^^'^'- ^^' !'• McDonald,

X Rev. M. Lalor.
llaUoweU and Marmora — Rev. Michael Brennan,
Peterburonqh — Rev. Jame^ Cro\\'ley,
\ork—\\^vx Rev. W. J. O'Gradv,
T'oronto and Adjiua — Rev. Edward Gordon,
Niagara, Guelph and Dnndns — Rev. John Cullen,
Amhersthnrgh &c. — Rev. J Fhiett,
Sandwich and Roshesier — Rev. Joseph Crevier.

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Office of His Majestifs Chief Agents, for the superintendence
ofEmigrants in Upper and Loirer Canada.

Quebec, September 4th. 1832,

Emigrants going to Upper Canada, are recommended
to proceed from Montreal, by the route of the Ottawa, to
Bytown, and from thence, by tlic Rideau Canal, to Kingston,

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at which place, those ^0111.4? to Coburt^, York, or to the
Western, and London District, will meet tre Lake Ontario
Steam Boats, or sailing Schoon««rs. Eniigiants will experi-
ence great benefit by proeeedinj^ to Upper Canada, by the
route of the Rideau Canal, much time will be saved, which
by the Mechanic, or Labourer, should be considered as
money gained, when going to a country where employment
is in such universal demand ; besides, the gi-eat exposure and
inconvenience, to which Emigrants have been subjected in
ascending the St. Lawrence, from the Cedars to Prescot,
will be avoided.

Families wishing to settle in Upper Canada, and having no
particular places in view, are sure to find ma'iy desirable si-
tuations in the Ottawa, Bathurst, and Kaslorn Districts^
where the demand for Mechanics of all descriptions, and
Farm Laborers, is very coi>siderable.

Laboring Emigrants on reaching York, the Capital of
Upper Canada, and in want of employment, will be provided
with it in the vicinity of that City, or conveyed to the Lon-
don District, where all descriptions of operatives are nmch
■wanted.

Discharf/ed soldiers entitled to claim Lands^ are informed^
that, on their arrival in Upper Cunadu, they majj be locate d,
either in the Bathurst, Newcastle, Home, or London Districts,
and may proceed direct to their Lots, from the ports at which
they disembark, without the expence, or trouble, of appearing
at York, to obtain their location tickets.

Every information, and assistance will be afforded to Emi-
grants, proceeding by the above route, on application to the
following Government Agents, viz :

Mr. Hawkk, at Lachixe, and

Mu. M'c Nal uiJTO-N, at Bytowx

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A. C. BUCHANAN,

Chief Agent.

Mr. Cushino, the forwarding Agent at Montreal, will
give every information to Emigrants proceeding by the route
«f the Ottawa, and Rideau.

(>:

t'ltOM THi:

CANADIAN COURANT,

Montreal J September 2dlh. 1832.

It has, on several ()ccasions, been our duty to call
the attention of the public, to the improveineuts in travellinj^,
oil the banks of the St. La\vre;ice, between Montreal and
Kingston ; and we have to notice another new arranj^enieMt,
which will afford great public accommodation. We allude
to the steamer named Irroquois, which has been lately built
to ply between the head of the Loiiii^ Sault and the villajjfe
of Prescot, a part of the river which had herL'tafore been con-
sidered as unnavia^able by steara, owing to the swiftness of
the Galloup Rapid, and llapide an Plat. On monday last, the
Irroquois started, and although the machinery was new, and
the wind a-head, she ascended these rapids with considerable
ease, and reached Prescot as soon as the stages by land could
have performed the distance. The boat, which is I30ft. long
and 18 broad, is propelled by one paddle wheel at the stern,
which is put in motion by two high pressure engines, of fifty
horse power each, made by the distinguished engineers, the
Messrs. Ward, of this city. The boat is plainly, but neatly
fitted up. In the ^ itleman's cabin is a table of horse -shoe
form, which is capable of accommodating 'J I) persons. The
lady's cabin, which is on deck, is littec up in a light, and
healthy style, with large w'indows, and comfortable accommo-
dation for the inmates. The public are indebted, for this
valuable improvement in inland communication, by which
rapids heretofore considered impracticable i)y steam boats,
have been ascended, to the enterprise of the late Horace
Dickinson, Esq. who carried the arrangement almost to com-
pletion, before he fell a v^ictim to the pestilence. We n joice
to observe that his successors in the business, seem deter-
mined to follow the example of their predecessor, in improving
public travelling along their extensive line of stages and steam
boats. The Irroquois descends from Prescot to the head of
the Long Sault, a distance of 38 miles, in 3 hours or less,
which will no doubt expedite the arrival of the Upper Canada
mail here, and therei)y confer an additional advantage on the
mercantile comnmnity. IShc is expected to start on her daily
trips early next week.

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v^ome of Uic letters appear to contradict eurh otiirr, is to the
price of wearing apparel, tools, &c. but the fact seems to
be ; that, in the Huron Tract, where the Canada Com-
pany has taken p^reat pains to open the roads, and to
build, and su^plj'^ storehouses, every tliint!: emigrants can
want, is cheaj) ; and easily obtainable : whereas, in some
of the mo**? distant settlements, the same articles, can-
not yet ] e obtained, except at a high price, and with
some difiiculty. See BoxaJI, Ca/x'/ain, and Fannell.
The f llowing infornuition, published hy the Canada
Compan}', last year will throw some light on this sub-
ject.

To facilitate tlie conveyance of Emiirrants, from the^
Head of Lake Ontario to the Huron Territory, the Commis-
sioners of the Canada Company have made the following
affangemeiits.

Tu'o good covered Stage Waggons, with Teams of four
Horses each, are to be constantly kept travelling l)etween
Hamilton, at the Head of Lake Ontario, aiul through A'\'ibnot
to Goderich in the Huron Territory, at the following mode-
rate rates of conveyance : —

From Hamilton to 'C . Wilmot Line for each adult Udollar,

From the Wilmot Line to Goderich the same charge.

And for children in proportion.

The carriage of luggage from Hamilton to the Wilmot
Line will be 1 ^ dollar per cvvt.

From the Wilmot Line to Goderich the same charge.

And for intermediate distances at proportionate rates.

Each passenger to be allowed 561bs. of luggage y)*ee.

On the arrival of steam boats with passengers at the Head
©f Lake Cntario, twelve extra waggons will be kept in rea-
diness at Hamilton, to afford the necessary facility of convey-
ance? to the above mentioned places, upon the lollowing ternn^-.

From Hamilton to the Wilmot Line 2 dollars,

From the Wilmot Line to Goderich 1 1 dollar.

But the carriage of luu^gage to be the iame as by the regu-
hir Waggons.

And for the convenience of Emigrants who intend to settle
in the Huron Tract, in addition to the Taverns already esta-
blished on the road between Hamilton and the Wilmot Line,
four Taverns and SUibles luue been erected at the following
places vi/.

Tlie \^'ilmot Line,

The River Avon,

— The River Thames, and at

lloss ;

being places at convenient distances for jiersons travelling
towards Goderich.

Storehouses are being erectetl at the above mentioned
points, to be well supplied with Pork, Flour, Tea, and Sugar,
Salt, Nails, Hatchets, su(;h Carpenter's Tools as are likely to
be required, Window-Sashes, Glass, Putty, Cookhig Utensils,
Crockery Ware, ^c. ; all which articles are to be supplied at
prices far below what they would cost to the settle, were
they to be supplied in any other way.

The Commissioners have entered into these arrangements
solely with the view of promoting the comfort of Emigrants
(luring the Journey, as the Company have no hiterest in, nor
derive any benefit from these establishments, but sanction
them expressly for the purpose of enabling the Emigrants to
obtain readily the articles they may re({uire, and of preventing
any imposition upon them by exorbitant charges.

The Company's Commissioners are also completing ar-
rangements tor the purpose of forwarding Settlers by Steam-
boat conveyance from the Welland Canal to Goderich, in the
Huron Territory, thus enabling Emigrants to proceed either
by land or water as they may find it most desirable.

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TTie following advertisemenls, as well as many others most en-
couraging to emigrants of all classes^ bvt too numerous to
insert^ appeared regularly during last summer, in the
Courier of Upper Canada, printed at York.

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FOR THE IXFORMATIOX OF SETTLERS,

Arriving at York, Upper Canada.

* Capt. Fitzgibbon has been appointed by his Excellency,
the Lieutenant Governor, to provide conveyances for settlers,
who wish to be employed, from York to the Townships on
Lake Simcoe, where they will be received by Mr. Hewsox,
who is openini( a Road from Kempenfeldt Bay to the Town-
ship of Sunnidale.

Emigrants of this season, with means, who are desirous of
locating themselves in the Western part of the Province, can
proceed by water to the head of Lake Ontario, and from
thence can readily find conveyance to the Township of Car-
i'adoc, M'here they will be received by Mr, * Mount, Deputy
Surveyor, who v^ill place each head of a family on 50 or 1(K)
acres of land liitely surveyed, from the North-West corner of
Carrafloc to Lake Huron, at the average price for which land
sells in that part ; the first payment to be made at the expi-
ration of three years from the date of the location, and the
remainder in three years, by annual instalments, with interest,
to commence from the expiration of three years.

The lands are of the first quality, well watered, and in
healtliy situations.

A ro.id will be oponed from Carradoc, on which set-
tlers \vili find employment.

AH furtlier information will be immediately afforded to
emigrants, on application at the Commissioner of Crown
Lancl'a Office, York, or at the Surveyor General's Office,
York.

PETER ROBINSON,

Commissioner of Croivn Land's Office,

York, 1 8th. June, 1832. * See Martin and Cooper,

"VVOUK FOU KMIGRANTS.

''Seventy newly arrived eirigrants, may hear of ininiedlate
employment, at good wages, by applying at this office — and
120 persons of a similar description will be directed to a pub-
lic work, where they will obtain from 10 to 12 dollars per
month, by applying also at this office."

TO EMIGRANTS.

LAND OWNERS, &c.

TiiF EMIGRANT COMMITTEE, at York, anxious to be as ex-
tensively useful to emigrants of all classes, as may be, are
willing to take upon themselves the duties of a land agency
OFFICE gratuitously, in consequence of which, they request all
persons throughout the Province having lands to dispose of,
under improvements or otherwise, to send to their office a
notice thereof in the following form, viz : —

TOWNSHIP.

No. of the

Lot or Lots.

No. of the
Concession.

No. of
Acres.

Price per Acre
in Dollars.

Terms as to Time.

Land under improvement, the nature of those improve-
ments to be stated, likewise what buildings, if any are upon
such lands, how distant from mills, or other advantages.

Persons wanting labourers or servants, may likewise apply
to their superintendent, who is instructed to do all in hij
power for the accommodation of applicants.

York, June 16M. 1832.

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INSTRUCTIONS to Persons^ wloHlimj to omh/rate, as to
the domestic Articles they should take with them; the kind
of Provisions they should lay in ; and their Conduct on
board Ship, and during the Journey up the Country ; l)y
Capt. J. C. IIai.e, who sailed fryni Portsmouth^ in
May, IK^'2, as Svperintendent of the Ship Enyland, to
Quebec : /'rom whence he conducted a considerable num-
ber' of the Passenyers who had emiff rated from Wis-
•noiiourui (jfiiF.Kx, Snssr.r, up tlie St. Lawrence and the
Lakes, and afterwards over Land to NELst)NViLLi':, wtar
Athens^ in the Ohio Territory,

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To an Einiyrant, being a Family Man.

Canada,

Wlien 3'mi liavc made up your mind to eini^'ate, you Mill
do well to prepare youriselt after the followiniif manner. First.
In colleetini!^ up your ji^oods lor your voyage, select such
thinL':s, only, :is are of the utmost use, and must be had, of
necessity ; leaving behind you, all cund)rous articles of furni-
ture ; because sucii tilings will not only be an incumbrance to
3 oil, but will put you to more expence than, it is presumed,
you are eitlier inclined to bear, or can afford. Your culinary
articles deserve the first attention .; because they are always
wanted. One large, and one small saucepan, iron; and a
block tintm-een, if you have them, is suft'icient: and in pack-
ing up, put as many little articles as you can inside of them,
to save room, such as tea-spoons, pepper box, salt cellars
isnufters, &c. these are valuable ; and will cost you dearer in
Canada: a round tin candle box, or a wooden salt box, is a very
useful article, as, when hung up to the ship's side, it is not
only out of the way, but will always be handy, to hold your
knives and forks, spoons, &c., which you should always put
by, the momeitt they are done with, and not lay down, lest
you should lose them, bj- the ship's rolling about; and, when
cleaning tliem, take out one at a time, and return it to the
box, the moment it is done ; so you will not lose them, nor
will they be stolen ; and always, if jou remove your box for
this purpose, hang it on something ; a fork, for instance,
stuck in the ship's side, one side of your berth, or wherever
«lse you may happen to be. For that purpose, a small
gimblct, a few hooks and nails, are very necessary, Remem-
ber, you are in a ship, constantly in motion, and therefore,
jou should make your chiklrcn begin in time, to hang up, or

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ctlionvise carcrii^'iy phice in your bcrtli, whiitovor tlipy nmy
use, 18 soon as it is done with, and never lay any th'iwr dou'ii
on the (leek, to be left; or you may expect to lose it, ia sjut;
way or other. Take as little crockery ware as possible: tin
ware is much better; but take no more than you absolutely
watit, so as to make one article serve two or three purposes.
Crockery is cheap, where you are ijfoini?,- but all metallic
wares arc dear. A lariife tin bottle with a haiiilc, of two or
three i^allons, such as you see in shops to put oil in, but flat
on one side is very useful, as it will do to receive your water
in, and it is less liable to be lost in such ;ui article as this,
than a kcii; ; nor will you waste so much : if it has a top,
with a small hin,i>;e, so that it can be shut over the moment
it is done with, the better, as a cork is apt to be lost. Poker,
tongs, and shovels, if you have them, you had i)etter dispose
of, as you will not want them, wood ftres boin<r always used
there : if you had a small Dutch oven, you will lind it of the
greatest use, also a small trevet, to hang on the bars of the
grate, when cooking, on board the ship. The oven should
not be larger than suliicient to cook a slice of bacon, sav,
1) inches long. A (juart tin pot, with a flat side, and a hook
to hang on the bar, is the most handy thing you can have
to boil a little water in ; your baking pans will serve for
dishes, and all t/tese thini/'i^ mind, in packinr/, imll, contain
some little nichmck or other inside of tJiein. Packing up in
the smallest space possible, is one of the most important
things you have to look to : for, if you iu*e going far up the
country, you vill find the expence of luggage a lieavy tax on
vour little stock of money, from which ^'ou nuist not draw
one single farthing, after you have embarivcd, without the
greatest necessity.

I am not speaking much out of bounds, when I say, to an e-
migrant ; that, a shilling in his oossession, in North America,
is almost as valuable to him, thcn'e, as a pound is here : you
must make shift, wherever you can, making up your mind to
bear with hardships, and roughs, and whicli the fri its of your
carefulness will amply repay you for, hereafter. If you have
any wooden bowls and trenchers, take them rather than plates.
I now come to the valuable article of clothing. Preserve
as much woollen clothing as you can ; and be careful to have
out the worst you have, for the sea voyiige; as cleanliness', and
not show, is "what is required on board. Take care of your
smock frocks ; they are a capital article, and will cost you
dear in Canada ; also of your ^\•orsted stockings &,c., and let

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the wife take as niucli worsted as slie can jLjct, with kuittiriLf
needles ; and let her make you a eap, to w ear at sea, out of
any old piece of cloth she may have to spare ; as your hat,
even if it is an old one, will be \ahial)le ; and you will liave
to pay dear, if you buy one : also, be i areful of your ///'///«
shoes ; put them uiray : you will get nothinj^ like them there,
and make any old shoes do for the sea voyau^e. Ail arti'.*les
of ttaimel are valuable ; and take plenty of s(jap ; and he sa •
ving of your water, at sea ; that the wife may have a little,,
now and then, to wash a little for the children ; for you will
have none allowed for this purpose.

A feather bed may be got in America as good at a dol-
lar as for £\ here.

The next article is your bedding ; feather lx»ds, which are
very dear in England, are very cheap in America, sotiiat, if
you have a good one, it is better to sell it ; and buy a second
hand mattress for the sea voyage ; and the money will be
well laid out, if applied to the purchase of good blankets ; of
which you cannot have too many ; or, make a straw or chaff
stuffing do. The bed tick itself, is valuable. A feather bed is
very likely to be spoiled on board : 8 or 4 blankets laid on
each other, are far better on board ship ; and females are not
so apt to take cold from them, as a bed. It will be hard lay-
ing at first, but that must be borne with : it is only for a
while, and remember ! the object is to save hulk^ and have
every thing «w'w^, and convenient. The more you have to tra-
vel with, the heavier the expence ; and in the bouts that car-
ry you up the country, they will weigh every little thing you
have ; even the child's chair ; and I havi known a cradle
cost more for carriage, than it cost w^hen new. If you hap-
pen to have a gun, take it, you can hang it up to the beam,
over your berth, and take powder and shot. You nmst task
the generosity of your friends, when leaving them, all you
can, for any such articles as I have mentioned, and that they
can spare; and your wife should take care to provide herself
with plenty of good needles j and a pair or two of real good
scissors. Next I come to

TOOLS, &c. &c.

Whether you are a mechanic or an agriculturist : take all
the good tools of your profession, that you have with you,
because, what you have here, will be far superior to any you
can get there in quality, unless, you pay very dear indeed for
them. Saws of all kinds are particularly valuable, but carry
no article of wood with you, that you can possibly do with-

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(Hit ; niul lot all youv piu-I;ni(('> ho ;is chiMp, an:! .v/.'/r/// as po;*-
sible : on every packaufo takcii on boaivl, in tlu» Loiuloii
Docks, there is a char i;e of

If you liave any carpetinir, if old, no matter, take it : it is
>iseful to put under your bed ; and for wrappinsf nc^t your
berth, on board. What I liave said, about kfepiii'jj every
Ihini? close, and compact, will be found worthy of attention*,
wlien you consider, that for 4 j^rown [);M'soiis, or f(|ual to it,
at the rate of two children for an adult, tiie small space of six
fu'ct S(juare only, is allowed, and about three feet in heiijjht.
As soon as you are settled on boartl, drive in, in re^jfular or-
(Kt, and not one here and fJicrc, several hooks, and nails, to
hang up your mess articles ; and get them arranged, in the
proper places, so that yom* wife, ami children, may be^^ouse
used to it, before the siiip gets into ba;l weather ; and insist
upon this being done, regularly, by sett i:ig the example your-
self: for, recollect, the greatest part of the wife's lioase busi-
ness on shore, will fall on you, when at sea. Take tv/o or
three straps of leather, about an inch broad, and nail then
up to the ship's side, in the beam over your head, if you
have an upper berth, which is the most desirable, with small
nails, at about an inch apart, to hang up any thing you are
not using ; nothing must be left about, if ycm wish not to
lose them.

PROVISIONS.

This is the most serious thing you have to attend to. I re-
commend you to take no other animal food, than good bacon,
particularly, if you are a countryman, and accustomed to it,
and which, by the cpiantity, may be had very cheap, and cal-
culate your passage for 60 dai/.s^ to be on tlie right side ; and
1 think, that, at the rate of half a pound a day, for a gro\\'n
j)erson, is encmgh, taking two children, big and little, for one.
Biscuit at the same rate ; the allowance appears small, but
recollect, you are not hard at work, and must study economy.
A jar of pickled onion. , is a good, and wholesome thing ;
but if you nmst have some other meat than bacon, take a
keg of tripe, in the same proportion, pickled, llie pickle
washes easily out of it, and it is far nicer, and more fresh,
and palatable, than ship's salt beef, which, lo persons who
are not accustomed to it, is generally, very unpleasant. Let
oatmeal be a principal article with you, as it is wholesome
for your children, as well as yourselves, and it is very useful
in sickness. If you can afford it, buy a few cases of portable
soup. With regard to other articles, sugar ; barley, to make

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hrotli ; butter, not exccetUntf otu» ounce per clay each; chctese,
the same. It must be left to your choice ; anil, if you can spare
•A shillinjif or two, bring a small bottle of essence of [K?pper-
mint, as you will find it very useful. But do not spend your
money in buying spirits, and be particular not to give the
children too much to eat at once, such ad a whole biscuit,
with butter, as they are apt to leave it, or throw it away,
w^hich causes waste, and which you must avoid, and never
allow, but must punish them, if they do so, by giving them
short allowance for a day, which is better thim beating them,
and will make them more careful in future. Studying, as
you constantly nmst, care, economy, and regularity ; as it
is a family man I am talking to, (for I trouble not my head
witli single men, they must take care of themselves, they
have nothing else to do), I shall not say much about the
price, and quality, of your small stores ; such as sugar, &c. ;
as your wife and self, will better manage that between you,
calculating always, /or 6() days ; and a few carraway seeds,
peppermint drops, or a piece or two of gingerbread, will be
found very useful, when the children are a little qualmish.
If you are a country-man, perhaps you may be able to get
your meat in your own neighbourhood, of better quality than
in London, as also your butter, and cheese, and if you choose
to take a few eggs, they will, if fresh, keep very well in salt
for a month, or more, packed with the small ends down. Now
let me suppose the following, td be a scale of provisions for
the voyage, and it is such as I have found to answer well.
Any variations in it must be left to the taste or inclinatiouB
of the emigrant himself.

s d

30 lbs. of bacon, at 6d 15

30 lbs. of tripe, at 6d 15

IM) lbs. of good biscuit 5

5 lbs. of butter, at Is 5

1 lb. of tea, 5

8 lbs. of sugar, at 6d 4

1 gallon of oatmeal 2 6

20 lbs. of flour 5

Barley, pepper, and mustard, &c. 3 6

£•3

I have not here allowed for potatoes, or pickles, nor cheese,
and which, if you choose to take, you must have by reducing
your quantity of tripe, or bacon, for as I allow ^Ib. each per

<luy, or lib. each alternate tlay, you can very well do; a
pound of solid meat being more than a prudent man, wlio is*
not at labour, will permit himself to consume. I suppose your
family to consist of yourself, wife, and four children. This
will count four adults, and in providing for four, you have
ample scope, and it is not probable, the wife and children,
will require st) much animal food as yourself, and indeed, if
they wish for it, to govern yourself with just economy, it
must not be permitted : by attending to that first, I trust you
will find your £12. spin out very comfortably. I shall now
oflfer you a word of advice, for your government on board the
ship ; by attending to which, you will contribute much to-
wards your own comfort, and the preservation of your health.
And first :

CLEANJ.INESS.

This is of the very greatest importtuice ; and fortunate it
is for a man at sea, with his lamily, that he has an English
wife, with whom cleanliness, is a predominant virtue. It is a
custom on board ship, to wash down the decks every morning:
therefore rise early, and if you have any boys, of 10 or 12 say,
start them up also, and join in the operation of washing the
deck. The viir, and exercise, will benefit you, and the sailors
will take it kindly of you, and you will find your advantage
in it, by the good offices they will do you, in return for your
voluntary assistance, such as helping you in getting to your
baggage, and in getting your water, and assisting the wife with
lines &c. &c. in hanging up her clothes, after washing : make
the boys, and set the example yourself, scour themselves with
salt water, (you catmot spare iresh,) every morning, and ne-
ver permit this to be neglected, be the weather fair or foul.
It will not wash you clean, as you cannot use soap with it,
but it will refresh you. There is lately a soap invented, for
washing with sea water, and I am now proving its effects by
trial, and if it answers well, I shall give notice where it may be
got: and whenever the weather will permit, do not neglect to
bathe the children ; this you must do, in the large tub used
for receiving the water they wash the decks witli ; my small
fry were very numerous, tuid I had much trouble to get them
to it, but, with these little folks, a piece of ging rbread does
wonders, and I took advantage of it ; and I hope you will be
able to do the same. Immediately after breakfast, (which I
recommend to you to take on deck, if the weather will per-
mit,) drive the young ones on deck, and let them run about
in the air, unless they are old enough to be cmployedj in that

•8

case, they can asi-ist in cleaninj^ the space before your berth,
which you must never nefijlect, and it will be a source of res-
pectability to you, to have yovr place noted, as the cleanest
in the ship; and, where there is ambition among the passen-
gers, sut'licient to do this, the 'tween decks of a ship is a truly
comfortable, and cheerful place. By attending to this, you
Avill be free from that dreadful pestilence, lice, and also will
prevent the small pox from getting among you, and which I
have never seen, but where filth and dirt prevailed: be careful
to make the children comb their heads \vell, and if bovs are
able to work a little, do not let them lie idle about the decks,
but keep them in exercise, such as helping the sailors, in
holding their work, when making mats, and knotting rope
yarn, which they will thereby learn to be of use to you
afterwards; and always give the sailors a pull on the rope,
M'hen you can be useful by so doing ; you will be a gainer
by it, in the er.d. By attending to this, I had the pleasure
to land 1G() Fouls, without one case of disease, or sickness, of
any sort. Many ships are ke])t after their arrival, several
days, in consc<iiicnce of their dirty state; whereas we were
released at out e, and proceeded on our journey, while the
others were in a kind of imprisonment, and expending those
stores, which thould have served them throughout the trip,
and thore])y caused them nuich expence. Let it be your
pride, that ymir conduct shall be that of a sober, and respect-
able man; trejiting the captain of the ship, and his oliiccrs
with respect; it maj^ be in his pov.er to befriend you much,
on your arrival : tor you will gain his esteem, and you
will ha^■e the advantage of a good recommendation, should
;my thing turn up on the spot to suit you. Let your example
to your children, be, such as a futl.er's should be, never
fc.v,earing yourself, nor allowing it in them, but correct them
severely, and ]^roniptly, if they should attain that vice. On
Sunday, send tlie children up neat, and clean in their persons,
and make them read a portion of the scriptures, or read to
them yourself, and if you have not the advantage of sufficient
instruction, get some one that can, to do it ; as must be done
with this little work : you are going among a moral set of
people, and if your conduct be not also moral, you will be
despised. Be diligent in your work, and you will soon be-
come respected, and prosperous; and lastly, and with this
ad\ ice, 1 take leave of you, referring you, for your future
government, to Mr. Cobbett's excellent treatise for persons
settling in America. Never under any circumstances get in
debt.

:f)

A fur directions to persona Imviny Qutbec,J'or Upper Canada.

When arrlvod at, Quebec, if it is your intention to s^o up
the country, you must look out for the first steuni boat that
goes, and if possible, before you leave the ship; so that vou
may avoid the expence of bringing your family in there,'for
such will cost you dearly ; and, if you are short of funds,
may perhaps place you in a state of distress, that mav pre-
vent your carrying, your original plan, into clfect :* your
attention to what 1 have said, about making yourself useful
«n board, Mill, in all jjrobability, procure you the favour of
remaining on board, till you engage your passage iji the
steamer, which will be a good return for any thing you do,
on board the ship.

Your passage up to Montreal, will cost you /*• ^d. that is,
a dollar and a half, per head, taking two ciiildren for one a-
<lult ; this is the usual charge ; but if you work well, you
may get off for less ; and mind ! in any bargain you make,
take care that your luggage is ineluded 'free . \\'hen arrived
at Montreal, you will be put on shore on the public wharf;
and now observe ! that as, in all prol)ability, you will have to
quit the steamer, and land with all your luggage, before you
can have time to arrange about your passage up, you must
take care to place every thing you have, close together, and
let your wife, and children, seat themselves on it ; and never
quit it, till you arc ready to take it away ; or, depend on it,
you will lose many of, periuips, your most useful articles :
this precaution is also necessary, from the moment you leave
the ship at Uuebec: you cannot be too vigilant. When landed
at Montreal, go directly to the Canada Company oflice, and
the gentlciuen there will direct you to a respectable for-
warder, (that is, a person who undertakes to cari-y goods and
passengers up tlie country) . 1 employed Messrs, Link and
Co. an(l they have a very fine warehouse, large, and roomy,
where you will be received with your goods, free of expence,
from the steam boat, and comfortably housed, till a boat is
ready. The charge is iSs. 'M. per head (two children for one,)
and 35. 6rf. per head for your luggage, you will therefore
mind what I have before said, on this subject. The passage
up the river, and through the rapids, is very tedious, * and,

* On any future occasion the tediousness of this part of the.
journey will be avoided. — See Government Advertisement on
the Rideau Canal, p. G5. and extract from Canadian Courant
about the new steamer, p. 6".

•: i

.;i

for your own 8a1<e, you mu8t, on all occasions, assist the
boatmen, in loading, and unloading the boat, when required.
By this conveyance you will be carried to Prescot, from
whence you take steam again, up to York, passing in your
way several villages, where provisions may be obtained; the
boat stops at one of these places at nigiit generally, and you
will, if it be required, be able to engage a room to sleep your
family very cheap. When a large party are together, they
commonly get housed in a barn, which is seldom charged for,
and may probably have offers of employment. But 1 recom-
mend every man, who has no particular connexion to join,
to go out under the influence of the Canada Company, by
which he will be more likely to find permanent employment.
The number of persons that have lately settled on the Com-
pany's lands, enables you to chose a decent neighbourhood,
and where you may settle with safety, and have the advice, if
not the assistance, of those who have located before you ; and
thus, you will be enabled to commence, your earliest opera-
tions, with comparative ease. If you have any funds, beyond
what you require for your use, in embarking from England,
I recommend you to deposit it with the Company, who will
give you a bill on their agents, at the place where you are
going, and if you purchase land of the Company, tiiis, and
other services will be rendered you free of expence. This was
the plan that 1 pursued, and when my party received the
amount of their orders at York, they felt very grateful, inas-
much as they had escaped the temptation to spend it, as they
very likely would have done, at some period of their voyage,
if they had had it in their possession.

GAZETTEER

TO THE

L E T T E R S.

■ \7

»f

ADELAIDE.

A settlement lately formed by government, in the London
district ; b^rdered on the north, by the township of Williams ;
on the east and south east, by Lobo, and Carradoc; well wa-
tered by the river Aux Sables, which runs into Lake Huron.
Many Sussex emia^rants, are settled here. 144 miles S. W.
York ; 20 miles W. London. See Goatcher, Boxall, Cooper,
Uolden,

Extract from the Montreal Gazette, Nov. 30//i. 1832.

The new township of Adelaide, in the London District,
containing 80,000 acres, which five months ago, was a com-
plete desert, without house, or inhabitant, now possesses a
population of 1,600, with leading roads, and numerous
buildings, which, though rude, will afford a comfortable shel-
ter to their inmates, until time permits better ones to be
erected. In the districts of Gore, and Niagara, and every
part of the country lying west of them, back to Goderich and
Fort Erie, extensive purchases of land have been made by
emigrants of property, and many new stores opened, among
which, we are informed, is a wholesale one at Simcoe, by
Mr. Fuller, on an extensive scale ; and there are still many
emigrants in quest of land, and situations for business, who
have not yet located themselves. It is evident, that the emi-
gration of last season, has done more for the western parts
of this province, than the ten preceding years : the emigrants
being of a more wealthy class, in general, than any that pre-
ceded them ; and the number greater than in any former
season. We believe, the Home district has also received a
large addition to its population ; particularly in the neigh-
bourhood of Lake Simcoe, where Crown lands have been taken
up to a considerable extent, by persons intending to become
actual settlers, as soon as time m411 permit. The number of

emigrants landed ut this port [Hanu/tufi] by the ateain bjatsv
was not less than 3,000 and may have probably nmountL'(!
to 4,000. Many arrived in schooners, and came by land,
from York and Xiai^ara, not included in this estimate, but
the great body of the emigrants for tlic west, must have
proceeded by way of the Welland Canal, as it appears, by
the St. Thomas Journal, that HIX) landed at Fort Stanley,
[Kettle Creek] alone, in the course of a siii<»;le week.

IlumUton Mercu/'f/.
ANCA9TE11.

A lanije thriviuir handsome village, containing in 1830, a-
b(mt 500 inhabitants, with some smart buildings, good hou-
ses, and a neat new chur^di, where there is a worthy preacher,
the Reverend Mr. Shead, a Scotch presbyterian ; the church
Is situated on the brow of the liill, down which a stnall but
constant spring stream rmis, supplying two distilleries, a
brewhouse, and a large mill. Sec. This place it is said,
mostly belongs to one, of four brothers, Scotchmen, of the
name of Crooks. Cattermole says, " Few travellers ever pass
the hospitable log-house of Matthew Crooks, if they want to
gather information of the country." It offers considerable
advantages to emigrants, from its being only 7 "dies from
Hamilton, at the head of Lake Ontario. Several emigrants
from Sussex found immediate employment here. See Nea'j
Smart f Philips, and Hill. 45 miles S. W. York.

ANDROSS MILLS.

See Nelltfss.

BROCKVILLE.

This, may be termed, with much propriety, the village of
palaces, the Hague of Upper Canad.i, for it far outvies all the
other towns in the province, in the elegance of the workman-
ship, and the substantial character of the buildings. The
uneven nature of the ground adds much to the grandeur of
the view as you approach it, from either side, whether by
land or the river. The court-house, churches, spires, &c.
produce excellent effect. Judge Jonas Jones has here accu-
mulated a considerable property. He has turned aside the
practice of the law, and commenced the purchase and sale of
wheat. He sold 18,000 bushels in Montreal — some of it at

6.S. and the rest of it at 4«. 9(1. Brockvillc supports one
Newspaper, the Recorder, a journal lonj? and ably conducted
by Wdham Buell, Esq. one of the county members.

On a heavy stream, nine miles above Brockville, Mr.
Charles Jones has built a lari^e and handsome fl;)urinir mill,
with other erections.— This is a wild and very romantic spot,
well worthy the attention of the traveller. CatUrmoku P. 25.
—216 miles E. York. ^

CANADA, (LOWER).

Lies between the parallels of the 45o and 52°, N. latitude,
and the meridians of 57« 50', and Hih 0', W. loni^itude fron'i
(ireenwich. It is bounded on the N. by the territory of the
Hudson's Bay Company, or East Maine ; on tlie E.* by tlie
Gulf of St. Lawrence, and a line drawn from Ance an ISablon,
on the Labrador coast, due N. to the 52" of latitude ; on the
S. by New Brunswick, and part of the territories of the
United States, viz. the states of Maine, Hampshire, Ver-
mont, and New York ; and on the AV. by a line which sepa-
rates it from Upper Canada, as fixed by an order of council,
1791. It is divided into three chief districts, Quebec, Mon-
treal, and Three Rivers, and two inferior ones, Gaspe and
St. Francis. It is further divided into forty counties .- its
minor subdivisions, consistinijj of seigniories, fiefs, and town-
ships. Bouchettefp. 1/3, 1/5.

CANADA, (UPPER).

Lies between the parallels of 41° 47' and 49® of N. lati
tude, and extends westward, from 74° 30' W. longitude, of
Greenwich. It is bounded on the S. by the United States,
on the N. by the Hudson's Bay territory, and the Grand or
Ottawa river ; on the E. by the province of Lower Canada ;
and on the W. its limits are not easy to ascertain. They
may perhaps, fairly be considered to be formed, by the head
waters of the rivers and streams that fall into Lake Superior,
at or about the height of land on the Grand Portage, in lon-
gitude 1 17° W. The vast section of country appertaining to
the British dominions to the W. and N. W. of this point, is
generally known by the denomination of the AVestern Coun-
try or the North West Indian Territories. It is divided into
eleven districts, twenty six counties, and six ridings, com-
prising together, 273 townships, besides various large tracts of
reserved land, and Indian Territory. Botfckeife, p. 63 and 65.

caur; doc.

A t()wnsln|) ill thv Londtui Oistrict, sKljoiniii/x to Adrljiido,
CMi till! S. E. and watcird hy the 'riuuiu's. The soil is louiuy ;
Uiid it is well tlniberetl M'ith oak.

COBOUUG.

Its situation ishcidthy and pleasant ; it stands imniediatr-
ly on 1 lie shore of Lake Ontario, on lots Hi and 1/ in eon-
eession H. of llainilton. In 1HI2 it had only o//e house, it
now eontains (ISIi'J) upwards ot ^0 houses, an episeopal
church, a inelhodist chapel, 2 ji'ood inns, 4 stores, several
distilleries, an extensive trrist-niill, and the population may
be estimated at about I>.'>() souls. The trade of C\)bouriif is
inereasinj^ rapidly, more through the spirit and enteriirise of
its merchants, than its natural ad vanta|^es. In alludiiii; to its
dehfieiuy, in the latter respect, the want of a harbour, and
the break in its connnunication with the back country, caused
by the Rice Lake, are particularly meant. It is however,
to be observed, that tiie formati</n of a harbour is now
proposed, and that the Rice Luke, by means of the extei'isive
streams M-hich pour into it, aloii^ which settlements are
formintc, promises to become the channel of u j^reat addition
to its inland trade. The adjoining townships are of a fertile
Koil. An excellent road leads from Cobourg through the
centre of the township of Hamilton, to the Rice Lake. A
large sum ^I believe £&)(). currency), Ixirrowed from the
bank of Upper Canada, on the res{>onsibility of the majfis-
trate of the division, has been judiciously expended on this
road, in the course of the summer. It is expected that the
amount of taxes on absentee lands, which is to be levied next
year, m ill meet the expenditure. On both sides of the road
the Canada Company hold lands, in general of a good soil,
tht)se nearest to Cokmrg, being the most eligible for imme-
diate sale. It is now proposed to open a branch road from
this, to meet the Cavan road, near the head of the Rice Lake.
The line selected, will serve those lots beh)nging to the Com-
pany, which lie in the 6th. and /th. concessions of Hamilton.
Irom the 20th. lot westward. ricken, p. 155 and 156.
— G7 miles E. York.

DUMFRIES.

A settlement in the Gore district ; bounded on the N. by
Waterloo, and on the E. by Bever'y.

a-i

i' 'i

Tills si'ttlt'iiU'Mt of Mr. Dickson Is one of nmcli iiiti-rt'sl,
lu'ii)^ coiuliK-tcd by liimsolf, on liis own resourci's, in tlio
tsanu! Wiiy us that of Colonel Talbot on tlu' i)anks of Lake
Kric. Mr. Dickson be^an operations in 1815- 1(), by the
j>urcliase from (xovcnnncnt of this township, extending to
9(),()()l) acres, and to which he gave the name of Dumfries.
lie seU'cted a convenient spot with good water-power, to com-
mence atowTi, and fonneil a connection with an enterprising
American, who speedily established very extensive miilM.
Mr. l)i(;kson i>;iilt a commodious residence for iiimself, in a
romantic situation, overhanging the ri\er, and communicating
by a bridge with the mills and town. His j)lan of dearnig
with settlers is extremely liberal, as he does not insist upon
any instalment being paid down ; atid even, in some ca.ics,
advances the me.ms of purchasing oxen, iScc. In this way,
the poorest emigrant, if steady and industrious, nmst get for-
ward.

A regular account is opened with each individual, and par-
tial i)a\nu'nts, eitlier in money or produce, accepted by Mr.
Dickson, fro'.n time to time. The price of land is 4 dollars,
or 2()s. per acre. Farms have been occasionally abandoned
by unsteady or inipatient individuals ; but some progress in
clearing has always been made, and, of course, the farm has,
in so far, been rendered more valuable. A very considerable
extent of land has beeii disposed of, upon both sides of the
river, and hundreds of acres of flue wheat are to be seen con-
tiguous to each other.

An attempt ha' I been made last spring to convey produce
down the river to the Vk eiland Canal, by which Mr. J^hade,
the owner of the mills, informed me, a saving of two-tliirds
W(mld be effected upon the transpcn'ts of Horn*. This voyage
was performed i)ya ^on of Mr. Dickson, accompanied by Air.
Shade, and being a navigation of about 10() nnles, attended
with some ha/.arcls, as a first attempt, it created a good deal
of sensation at the time of my visit, and much satisfaction
among the farmers by its success. Mr. Dickson has about
2500 souls upon his estate, and draws a very handsome in-
come from the interest of sales. I visited the mills with Mr.
Shade, who took nuich trouble in explaining to me the various
maclnnery. The establishment comprises Hour-mills, saw-
mills, cooperage, &:c., and appeared to me equally extensive
and well arranjred. FiriJiiayon, on Canada^ in Quarterly
Jonrnal of AyrwjiHure, [1831.] No. XY.p. 108-9. Sec galt

and GRAND RIVER.

i \

DCNDAS.

A thriving; villaj;r, wliich, from its coiintrtigii with Bur-
lington Bay, bids fair to become an important place, at no
distant period ; it lies in the direct road to the Canada Com-
pany's lands ; the land is particularly good in this part, and
IS thickly inhabited ; has an excellent tavern, kept by a Mr,
Jones, from Birmingham, and no tr.iveller desirous of com-
fort, if near nijjjht time, shcmhi pass his door. Three miles
from Ancaster. Cuttermolcy ,>. 28.

It is also about two miles from the Little Lake, from
which a * canal is to be cut next spring [1827], this is a
beautiful romantic part of the country. A harbour is now
making at Burlington, and a conmiunication between the
Little Lake and Lake Ontario, and should the proposed canal
through the country, from this place to London, be carried
into effect, it will become the emporium of a large and fertile
part of the province. Pickerwff^ p. 1 13 and 1 14. — 42 miles
S. \V. York. See Neal and Titmouse.

* The raifc/ nt BurlitHfton Bay van open^ vhen we passed
ihromjk it. Report to the Colonial Secretary in 1830.

EASTIIOPE, N. and S.

Two settlements in the Huron Tract, adjoining to Wilmot
on the W. and separated from each other by the main road
leading from Goderich to Wilmot ; from which latter place,
it is proposed to continue it through Giielph, and from thence
in a direct line to York. Between 80 and 90 miles from
York by the present road through Dundas, but the new line
will diminish the distance about 15 miles, See Capelain.

ERAMOSA.

A Township in the Gore District, (on a river of the same
name, a branch of the Grand river,) adjoining to Guelph
on the N.

" I have crossed the township of Nassiguaya, and Eramosa,
and found the country in rapid progression throughout, and
the price of land enhancing daily, as the old settlers in the
district of Niagara, and other places are selling off their olcl
improved farms, and are now purchasing in these once remote
to>vnships." Pickcn^p, 171. Se? Heming,

ERNKSTOWN.

A lowiiship ill the niidluiul diHtrict, about \\\ tuilev from
Kiuufstoii, well situated on the waters of the bay of Quintt^ :
the «oil generally good. Ficken, p. 1 46. See Ofjed IVilsun.

FORT CIKOlKilC,

See N id (jura.

from

(lALT.

In the township of Dumfries, belongiiicf to the Ilonourahle
Mr. Dickson, is the town of iJalt, founded by that gentle-
num, some years before the Canada Company was thought
of. It is about 18 miles from Guelph ; it was named in
compliment to the gentleman of that name ; who since, by
his enlarged views, and enlightened plans, still followed
in a degree, by his successors, has so materially contributed
to the prosperity of these new settlements, and to the late
success of the company. Though this town is as yet, but in
its infancy, and will always probably, be secondary to Guelph,
its situation, says Bouchette, is particularly eligible ; and
cannot fail to attract many settlers of respectability and
capital. Picki'v, p. 179. — 21 miles S. W. Dundas. 25 miles
N. W. Hamilton.

same
luelph

GARRAFRAXA.

A township in the Gore district, N. of Eramosa. See
Martin,

GODERICII.

Is situated at the mouth of a considerable river, the Mait-
land, and on the borders of a vast inland sea, which has a
remote communication with the Atlantic itself; and having
{I deep and well protected harbour, is quite likely, from the ra-
pidity with which settlements are making around it, to be-
come shortly, a place of no small commercial importance.

The town is most judiciously planned, upon the elevated
shores of the lake, with which, and the transparent waters
of the Maitland, it is surrounded, on three sides. Its streets,
near the centre, diverge like radii, from an octagon shaped

market place ; and above the lake is a lighthouse, and from
each end of the planned town, already containinjo^ upwards of
300 inhabitants, roads are in progress to the inner towns,
and settlements of this rising colony. Ficken, p. 189, 190.
See also the description Uilaclied ta the mapSy published by the
Caiiada Compamj.

GRxVND RIVER.

Is next in magnitude to the Thames ; and takes its source
in the interior of the country, towards Lake Huron. It
flows in a south-easterly course, with very serpentine wind-
ings, and traversing a tract of the highest degree of ferti-
lity; discharges itself into Lake Erie, at 8herbrooke,
between Point au Barbet, and Grand River Point. The
river is navigable for schooners, about twenty five miles above
its mouth ; and considerably farther up, for large boats.
Bouchette, p. 95.

A company has recently been formed, for tlie purpose of
rendering this river navigable, in its whole course, and the
work is now in full operation, as appears from the following
advertisement, M'hich was regularly inserted, during the
whole of last summer, in the Courier of Upper Canada.

LABORERS

I I «

WANTED IMMEDIATELY,

On the line of the new canal from Helm's Creek to Gra-
velly Bay — at the Gravelly Bay Harbour, and at the Pier at
the mouth of the Gr^nd River, 500 Laborers, to whom
good wages will be given, with prompt payment. Apply to

H. N. MoNSOx, or Garrison and Little,

St. Catharines.
Lewes, Garrison and Co, Gravelly Bay.
MoNsoN and Camp, Dunviilef G. li.

July 23nd. 1831.

GUELPH.

This town has been laid out by the Canada Company, in
the Gore district, on a branch of the Ouse, or Grand River of
Lake Erie, called the river Speed, Miiich is a considerable
stream, with falls in the vicinity of the town, sufficient to
afford sites for fifteen or twenty mills. Limestone, easily

fjiKirred, and wiiicli makes excellent lime, is found in the im-
mediate vicinity of these falls, and clay well adapted for
making hricks is plentiful ; the land is covered Avith iieavy
timber, so tliat all materials for buikliiijj^ are abundant. The
peration of clearing the ground for the town })lot was com-
menced on the '2'M of April, 182/ ; the first building erected,
was a large housf^ for the reception of settlers on their arrival*
a stone building for a schoolhouse has been erected, and sites
for churches and burying grounds given gratuitously to con-
gregations applying for the same. As a further inducement
to early settlers, the price at first fixed for town lots, of a
(juarter of an acre each, was 20 dollars, with the privilege to
};'Lirchasers to take up farms in the vicinity, of 50 acres each,
at 7s. (5(1. currency, or 1 h dollar per acre. These prices were
subsequently raised, first to 30 dollars, and then to 40 dollars
for town lots ; and from 15s. to 40s» per acre for farm lots.

The Company have opened roads, at their expence, to the
various townships around ; and one main road is now in ope-
ration from Gu Iph to Dundas, 24 miles, which latter place
will become the depot for all grain raised in the back town-
ships, fetching, with the mere difference of carriage, as high
a price tliere and at Flaniborough, which is 20 miles distant
from Gr.elph, as at York, where it is shipped for tbe Mon-
treal market. Upwards of 200 houses are now built : a first
rate stone grist mill will be in operation in January, J831 ;
there are several taverns, where board and lodging may be
procured on moderate terms ^ and tradesmen of most des-
criptions are among its inhal)itants ; they amount to about
8(X).

Settlers, with capital, who prefer establishing themselves
on land, on which partial clearings have bet. n made and log-
houses erected, will generally rind lots, with such improve-
ments, for sale. This arises from persons going originally
in very destitute circumstance.-!, or rather dependent on the
Company's asslst;ince, wlio, having succeeded on their lots,
are willing to sell their land, with a reasonable profit, to new
comers, at froin 4 to 6 dollars, vAth the improvements on
the same, houses, barns, &c. These individuals generally
remove further westward, having acquired sullicient know-
ledge of the country, and purchase on the Huron Tract,
which is equal in quality, at from 7«. ^'^' to 10.s'. per acre.

Persons possessing small capitals will find Guelph one of
the most desirable parts of the colony to fix themselves,
especially if they have large families. iOO/. on arrival at the

spot, will enable an Industrious person to support his family ;
because, in purchasing land, one-fifth only is required to be
paid down, and the remainder, with the advantage of having
roads and a good market, within 24 miles, can be made off
the farm in time to meet the instalments, and in no one
instance have the Company, since its formation, had occasion
to resort to compulsion for a.iy arrears.

When it is considered that in 182/, Guelph was a forest,
and that in 1831, it contains near 800 inhabitants, with about
1600 acres of cultivated land, an excePent mill, erected at the
cost of 2000/. places of wor^ip, and most of the necessary ac-
commodations to be found in English villages, it presents to
the future emigrants from Britain, all that rational chance of
success and comfort, which could hardly have been anticipated.
Cattermole. p. 29.

The only practicable road, from Guelph to York, at pre-
sent, is by Dundas ; bat a more direct one has been laid out,
and is now in progress. See Hemingy Martin. — 24 miles N.
W. Dundas.

HAMILTON.

<i>

The county town of Gore district, stands at the head of
Burlington Bay, in as beautiful and romantic a situation, as
any in the interior of America ; and seems eminently a-
dapted by nature, for one of the first commercial points in
the province. Picknhig^p, 125.

Waggons are regularly provided here, under the direction
of the agents for the Canada Company, for the conveyance
of emigrants to different places in the interior. 8ee Appendix
p, 68.^40 miles S. W, York.

Extract from the Hamilton Free Press.

Improvement. — It is impossible to view the progress our
town is making, without an accompanying degree of admira-
tion at its advancement in wealth and importance. The change
as to appearance that has taken place in this town, within the
last two years is, truly, surprising. Had a traveller visited
this place two years ago he would have found scarcely a house
of respectable appearance in the place ; he would have found
but one printing press : have had the mail once or twice a
week, and never have heard of, or seen a steam boat near our
port. But now we see houses rising up every where — huge
hotels — presses in abundance, literary and political — steam-

•'*!

boats arriving thrice a week at our ports, and quite a place
of business. The population in tliis time has more tlr.in
doubled, and is still increasinf]^ rapidly, and our prospects for
the future are, bright and cheering. Duudas, liko.visc iias
increased greatly, and is still increasing. Brantford and Pa-
ris are thriving villages, and bid fair to become places of
great consequence, in- case the Grand River is improved.
Indeed the province in general is fast populating ; the
forests are falling beneath the sturdy blow of the axeman,
and our rivers and lakes begin to sparkle with the white
winged ships and smoking steamers.

HURON.

A large tract of country in the London district, l)')U!ided
on the W. by Lake Huron, purchased of the crown by th^
Canada Company.

If you have no particular motives to induce you to settle in
one part of the province, more than another, I would recom-
mend to you the Canada Company's Huron Tract, and for the
following reasons : —

1st. The land, as I shall have occasion to show, is equal to
any in the province, and superior to much the greater part
o\ it.

2d. The very great extent of land (nearly eleven hundred
thousand acres) gives the settler an extensive power of selec-
tion, vrhich he does not possess in any other part of the
province ; and when a community, however numerous, comes
out, they are enabled to settle together, without any other
party interfering with them.

3rd. It possesses numerous streams capable of driving any
given quantity of machinery, whether for mills, manufactories,
or farming purposes, and it has water- conveyance to carry
away produce.

4th. Being from 120 to 400 feet above the level of Lake
Huron, it is healthy, and the prevalent winds, the north-west,
west, and south-west, blowing over the lake, which from its
depth, never freezes, temper the rigour of the winter frosts
and summer heat ; and the snow, which has always hitherto
fallen in sufficient quantity to afford good winter roads, pre-
vents the frost from getting into the ground, so tiuit the mo-
ment it melts the spring commences, and the cattle have
pasture in the woods fully three weeks sooner than in the same

lt'\

pMruUel of latitiulo oii tlie shores of lake Ontario — a sjreat a(U
vantai^e to the farmer luuler any cireiimstances, but an invahi-
ahle privilege to a new settler, whose chief difliculty is to
procure feeding for his stock during winter.

The Company has made good roads through the tract ; cind
this regulation, by making every farm be opened towards the
road, not only keeps them so, from letting in the sun and air
upon them, but secures the residence of eight families on
every mile of the road, by whose statute labour it can be kept
in the very best repair.

It has been objp'-ted by some, that this tract of country is
out of the world; but no place can be considered in that light,
to which a steam boat can come ; and on this continent, if
you find a tract of good land, and open it for sale, the world
will very soon come to you. Sixteen years ago, the town of
llochester, [in the United States] consisted of a tavern and
a blacksmith's shop — it is now a town containing upwards of
16,(KX) itdiabitants.

The first time the Huron tract was ever trod by the foot
of a white man, was in the summer of 1827 ; next summer a
road was commenced, and that winter, and in the ensuing
spring of 1829, a few individuals made a lodgment: now it
contains upwards of 600 inhabitants, with taverns, shops,
stores, grist and saw mills, and every kind of convenience
that a new settler can require ; and if the tide of emigration
continues to set in as strongly as it has done, in ten years from
this date, it may be as thickly settled as any part of Ameri-
ca, — %r Goderich has water powers quite equal to Rochester,
and the surrounding country possesses much superior soil.
Backwoodsman, p. 23, ^c.

KETTLE CREEK, or PORT STANLEY.

A small river in the township of Southwold, London dis-
trict, running into Lake Erie. A considerable sum has
lately been expended in erecting two piers, to keep the sand
from blocking up the mouth of this river j but it is so much
exposed, that the entire accomplishment is very doubtful.
Pirkt'rinp^ p. 150. Backwoodsman, p. 118. — 1/0 miles W.
York. Sec Goatchar, Cooper, Stcdman, Holden, and Tribe,

KINGSTON.

An old settled place, situated on the west bank of the Cata-
rauqnui ri\er, opposite the naval depot, over which a large

brulgt' is about to be built of wood ; the liarboiu' is iroorl.
Tbe houses are built chiefly of stone, and iifenerally hiri^vr
than those in York ; the itreets are also paved with stones (in
rather a rough manner) which gives it much the appearance
of a small sized market town in England, Inhabitants about
3000. There are a number of good stores, and three or
four large druggist's shops, as elegantly arranged as some
in London. A pretty large and handsome, stone built
church ; and another small one, belonging to the establish-
ment ; besides roman catholic, presbyterian, and methodist,
places of worship. Four steam boats ply between here and
Prescot, and up the Bay of Quinte; besides three to Niagara,
York, and Queenstown, once a week. Kingston is inhabited
chiefly by Europeans, the greater part Irish, I believe ; con-
siderable numbers of Scotch ; some Americans ; and, a few
English. The market is well supplied with meat, fruit, and
vegetables. Pickering, p. 144, 145, 146.

The Rideau Canal comes in at Kingston, 166 miles E. of
York.

LONDON.

A town, in a district of the same name, situated on the
river Thames: it is at present, but inconsiderable ; but from
its position in the heart of a fertile country, is likely to be-
come of some importance hereafter, when these extensive
wilds are more settled. A road is now completed from
Goderich to this place, where it joins the Talbot road, and
connects tbe Huron Tract with Port Tolbot. Picken, p. 188,
189, and 191.-130 miles S. W. York.

MALAIIIDE.

A township in tbe London district ; bounded on the front
by Lake Erie ; affords advantages for navigation ; well wa-
tered, and well timbered. Picket, p. 19a. Catfish creek
runs through part of it. Sec Ste .lan.

MONTREAL.

Situated on the south side of an island of the same name,
in latitude 45o 31' N. and longitude /•> 34' W. is the second
city of the province of Lower Canada in point of importance,

but uiKloiibtcdly tlie first with respect to situation, local ad^^
vantages, and superiority of climate ; its form is a prolonged
sijuare, that Avith the sulnirb, covers about 1020 acres of
ground. A few houses built close together, in the year 1640,
on the site of tlie Indian village liochehiga, was the com-
mencement of the city of Montreal, or as it was at first
luimed Ville Marie; the situation being well chosen, and pos-
sessing numy inducements for the colonists to associate them-
selves for the comforts and inconvenience of society, the
])lace very soon assumed the appearance of being built with
so ne attention to regularity, and solidity of the dwellings,
containing a population of 4000 inhabitants its improvement
and extension were rapid. In its present state Montreal cer-
tainly merits the appellation of a handsome city. It is divi-
ded into the upper, and lower town, although the elevation
of one above the other is scarcely perceptible. The streets
are airy, and the new ones particularly, of a commodious
width ; some of them running the whole length of the town,
parallel to the river, intersected by others at right angles.
The houses are for the most part, built of a greyish stone,
many of them large, handsome, and in a modern style.
Sheet iron or tin, is the universal covering of the roofs.
Among the edifices that attract notice, are the hotel dieu, the
convent of Notre Dame, the Montreal general hospital, the
hospital general dcs Soeursgrises, the French cathedral,
the llecollet convent, the convent of the Grey Sisters, the
seminary of St, Sulpice, the new college or petit seminaire,
the English and Scotch churches, the Court house, the new
gaol, the Government house. Nelson's monument, and the
Quebec barracks. Montreal, as it is at present, containing
a population of about 30,000 souls, rivals the capital of
Canada, in many respects : and as a commercial emporium,
certainly surpasses it ; seated near the confluence of several
large rivers with the St. Lawrence; it receives by their means,
the productions of the best settled, and also the most distant
parts of the district ; those of the fertile province of Upper
Canada, as well as of the United States. The harbour of
Montreal is not very large, but always secure for shipping
during the time the navig'ition of the river is open. The en-
virons of Montreal exhibit as rich as fertile, and as finely
diversified a country, as can well be imaguied. Bouchette^
p. 214, ^c.

i'.

ellings,

NELLES.

A settlemcMit in the Niagara district, on the Grand river.
Here are considerable saw mills, called Andross mills. See
Upton.

NELSON.

A township in the Gore District, bounded on the front by
Burlintrton Bay, having the road from York to Dundas run-
ning through it, and watered by a small stream called 12
mile creek. 30 miles S. W. York. Se» Geo. Boxall, Spen-
cei', and Luff.

NIAGARA, or FORT GEORGE.

Is pleasantly situated on apparently a dry healthy soil, at
the outlet of the noble river from which it derives its name.
It is a v{;ry smart, neat, clean place, with some large stores,
and good taverns. The air is milder than on the other side
of the lake, and the snow never falls so soon, nor so deep.
Niagara to Queenstown, and indeed, round the head of the
Lake, to Dundas, Hamilton, and Ancaster, is a fine country,
genial air, healthy, well watered and settled. Land is from
305. to X*4. 10*. per acre. Pickering, p. 120 and 121. — It is
36 miles from York, by water, and about 90 by land, through
Dundas.

It would swell this work too much, to introduce any further
description of the Falls than to state, that the river is divided
just above them, by Goat Island; and that the width of water
on the British side is 2100 feet, and the fall 151 feet, on the
American 1140 feet, and the fall 162 feet. Bouchette, p. 103.

A city is now building at Niagara, on the plan of the
fashionable places of resort in Europe, to be called the City
of the Falls. This will necessarily cause a great dwnand for
artificers and labourers of all descriptions.

The peculiarly favorable geographical position the district
of Niagara enjoys, should not go unnoticed. Forming nearly
an oblong square, bounded on three sides, by navigable
waters, and traversed centrally, by a splendid canal, the
aiccess to all parts of it, is rendered extremely easy and invit-
ing. The fertility of its soil, and the congeniality of its
flinuite, are not excelled in any dictrict of the province, un-
less it be, probably, by the Western. The choicest fruits

;»

'■'

seem to be indigenous to its soil ; peaeiies, iieeturlncs, and
apples, arc richly clustered, on the branches of crowded or-
chards, and acquire a de/^ree of perfection, cfjualled only on
the luxuriant banks of the Detroit river. The sublimity of
the views disclosed in the Niai^ara river, and the picturescpie
varieties of landscape produced by the Queenstovvn heii^hts,
and occasional ineciualities of surface, give the scenery of this
district a decided superiority, over that of any other in
Upper Canada. BoucUette, p. 103. See IV. Phillijjs, from
Merston.

NICIIOL.

A toM'nship in the Gore district, lyii«g nortli of Gueljjh,
and having a branch of the Ouse or Grand Jliver running
through it. See Martin.

OXFORD.

A village in the London district, on the Thames, having
Dimdas street running through it. Bouchette, p. 97. — 103
miles S. W, York, 27 1^. London. See Capelain.

PORT STANLEY

See Kettle Creek.

PRESCOT.

Now called Fort Wellington : is important, as being the
chief stage between Kingston and Montreal, from which it
is distant 130 miles, and between which coaches run every
day, except Sundays. From the position of this place how-
ever, at the head of the Montreal boat navigation, and at
the foot of the Sloop, and steam navigation from the lakes, it
must soon increase in extent, as it will rise in importance.
Pickerif p. 114. 228 miles N. E. Y'ork. See Hill, Stedman,
Smart, Martin.

QUEBEC.

The capital of Lower Canada, and the residence of the
governor general of British North America ; is situated in
46o 55' N. latitude, and &> 48' W. longitude. The city is

the

seated on a piv)'iv)ul/)rv, on the N. W. side of the St. Lau'-
reiice, fortiie;! by that river and the St. CliarU\s. The ex-
tremity of this headland is called Cape Diamond, whose
highest point rises 345 feet above the level of the water. The
city is divide! into upper, and lower town ; and in 1/59 the
population of Uuel)ee was estiinated at between 8 and {)0()0 •
at present, inehidint^ the suburbs, it is about 28000*
'^l"'he public edifices are, the castle of St. Louis, the h6tel
dieu, the convent of the Ursulines, the monastery of the
Jesuits, now turned into barracks, the protestant and catho-
lic cathedrals, the Scotch cluirch, and the lower town diurcb
trinity chapel, a wesleyan chapel, the exchange, the Quebec
bank, the military and emigrant hospitals, the court house
the seminary, the goal, tiie artillery barracks, and a monu
ment to Wolfe and Montcalm : there are two principal mar-
ket-places, besides two minor ones, a place d'armes, a parade,
atul an esplanade. The communication between Quebec and
Montreal, has been rendered not only easy, and expeditious
but even agreeable, by the improvements that have, within
late years, taken place in the construction of steamboats.
The first steamboat that plied on the St. Lawrence, was
launched in the year 1812, and steamers now start almost
every day, from both cities, and perform the voyage, up the
river (180 miles) in from 36 to 40 hours, but are several
hours less in accomplishing the trip downwards, from the ad-
vantage of having a current setting in this direction, as far as
the Richelieu, where they meet with the tide. — A large vessel
(stated at 700 or 800 tons) is now [1832] on the stocks at Que-
bec, and will soon be launched, destined to navigate, as a steam
packet, between that capital, and Halifax, in Nova Scotia.
Thus will be formed, an extensive line of steam vessel com-
munication, from the Atlantic sea coast, to Amherstburgh,
one of the remote settlements of Upper Canada, a distance
exceeding 1500 statute miles, which ^^e may expect soon, to
see extended to the head of Lake ^iuiu': j and eventually, to
the western extremity of Lake Sup 'n(v , about 700 miles be-
yond Amherstlmrgh ; yielding a gi aid total, of nearly 2200
miles of internal steam navigation. The navigation being closed
in November, the intercourse between Quebec and Montreal
is carried on in winter, by stages, that start regularly from
each city, thrice a week, and perform the journey in two
days, the intervening night being devoted by the travellers
to rest. Bouchctte,p. 241, ^r.

SIMCOE (LAKE.)

T^w Home district, between Lukes fluroii and Ontanoy
co\ 1 surface of about 3(X) square miles, and is tlie most
extci 8 interior lake of the Upper Province. Judj^inii^ from
the IfCight of the frequent falls and cascades by which its
outlet is broken, the elevation of its surface nmst be, at least,
one hundred feet, above the level of Lake Huron ; and there-
fore much blither than that of Lakes Erie and Ontario. The
project contemplated of linking Lakes Huron and Ontario,
l)y canals with Lake Simcoe, though not impracticable in
itself, would nevertheless be attended with some difficulty,
from the frequent lockage that would necessarily be required
in a comparitively short distance. Yet there can be little
doubt that, eventually, when the shores of LsdvC Huron are
covered by a dense agricultural, and commercial population,
such a communication by water, will be found of the highest
utility, in facilitating the intercourse between the settled
parts of the colony. The lands in the vicinity of Lake Sim-
coe Jire remarkably fine, and like most of the lands of the
province, ))eculiarly easy of cultivation from the depth of the
soil, and ecjuality of the surface. Buuchette, p. 85. See
Martin and H. Cooper, See Advertisement yj). 70.

SOUTHWOLD.

A township in the London district, bounded on the front
by Lake Erie, affords advantages of navigation; well tind)ered.
Kettle Creek running through it. Picken,p. 195. Sec J. A,
Tribe.

THAMES, (RIVER.)

Formerly called Rivit^re h. la Tranche ; rises far in the in-
terior, rather north of the township of Blandford ; and after
pursuing a serpentine course, of about one hundred and fifty
miles, in a direction, nearly south west, discharges itself into
Lake St. Clair. It is navigable for large vessels as far up as
Chatham, fifteen miles above its mouth ; and for boats, near-
ly to its source. The river winds through a fine level country,
highly fertile, and rich in every requisite for new settle-
ments; its banks present many fine plains, and excellent natu-
ral meadows. The soil is principally a sandy earth, intermixed
•with large quantities of loam, and sometimes marl ; under

vvhlcli is a substratum of day; and the Hats of the river,
uniuially ac(|uire mucli richness, fron\ the overllowinjv of
tliose parts of its banks, by which rich alluvial deposits are
miidc upon the surface. The oak, maple, walnut, beech, and
pine, growing in its vicinity, are of very superior quality.
There are roads opened along its course, and on each side of
it, numerous scattered settlements, down to Lake St. Clair ;
but the roads are rather neglected, from the preference gene-
rally given to the use of the river, as a highway. The Dela-
ware Indian village, and another of Moravian settlers, are
situated on it. The last is about thirty five miles from the
mouth of the river, and is under the superintendance of mis-
sionaries, from the society of the Moravian united brethren,
who maintain a chapel here. There are many Indian con-
verts residing in it, whose peaceable conduct, and general
demeanour, show some of the benefits derived from civiliza-
tion. The village is surrounded by thriving corn fields, and
tillage has made considerable progress in its neighbour hooil.
Bouchette, p. 93 and 94.

The flats of the river Thames, which in some places are
extensive, are the richest land in the province, the soil in
some parts, a loamy fat clay, covered by a rich black mould,
very similar to the fertile vale of Aylesbury, in Buckingham-
shire ; in other places, a sandy or gravelly loam, dry, wch,
and well watered with springs. Plckeniv/^p. 92.

WATHRLOO.

A township in the Gore district, settled mostly by Dutch.
Tlie soil appeared to be a good, useful, sandy loam, well
watered by streams and springs. I was delighted with the
cultivation, especially upon the farms of Schneider and
Warner: each farm might be from 200 to 300 acres, laid out
into regular fields, and not a stump to be seen. The plough-
ing was capital ; the crops most luxuriant ; and the cattle,
horses, &c. of a superior stamp ; with handsome houses,
barns, &c. and orchards, promising a rich return. Waterloo
satisfied me above all that I had yet seen, of the capability
of Canada to become a fruitful and fine country. Fergusson
on the Agricultural state of Canada. 1831 . — 30 miles N. W.
Hamilton. See Rapson, Adsett, Ann Thomas, Evans.

1(N)

AVILMOT.

A townsliij) in tlio (iore district, liordoring on tho Iluroii
Tract : a road is now completed from hence to Cioderich,
Pickrn^ p. li)l. See Martin, and Cunuda Cominint/s Infor-
matiun, p. 0!).

WOOLWICH.

A township in the (lorf district, south of NichoU, waterctl
by a branch of the Oiisc or Grand River. See Martin.

YORK

The infant capital of Upper Canada ; in hititude A!'M 33' N
and in longitude 7^^ 20' VV. is exceedingly well situated, in
the toMiiship of the same name, on the north side of an ex-
cellent harbour. It is very regidarly laid out, with the streets
running at right angles, and promises to l)ecome a very hand-
some town. The plot of ground marked out for it, extends
about a mile and a half along the harbour ; but at present,
the number of houses docs not greatly exceed four hundred
aiul fifty, the greatest part of which, are built of wood : but
there are, however, many very excellent ones, of brick, and
stone, and most of the numerous dwelling houses, annually
added to the town, are of the latter description. The public
edifices arc, a government house, the house of assembly for
the provincial parliament, a church, a court-house, a college,
provincial bank, and a gaol, with numerous stores and build-
ings, for the various purposes of government. The new
parliament house, the emigrant asylum, the law society hall,
the Scots kirk, and a baptist chapel, are also conspicuous in
the list of the recent improvements of the town, and are
evidence of nuich public spirit and prosperity.

The harbour of York is nearly circular, and formed by a
very narrow peninsula, stretching from the western extremity
of the townsliip of Scarborough, in an oblique direction, for
abovit six miles, and terminating in a curved point, nearly
opposite tiie garrison ; thus enclosing a beautiful basin, about
a mile and a half in diameter, capable of containing a great
immber of veidsels, and at the entrance of which ships may
lie with safety, during winter. No place in either province,^

101

li5\^ iniule so rapid a progress as York. In the year 17'''%
the spot on whiuli it stands, presented oid\ one solitary Indi-
an wigwam ; in the ensuing spring, the ground for tiie future
metrojMjHs of Upper ('anada was lixed upon, and the huiid-
ings connnonecd, under the inunediate s\iperinten(hinee of
tiic late (ieneral Sinicoe, ti»en Lt. (jovernor, whose liheral
and eidarged plans of iniprovenuMit, have materially advaneed
tiu? welfare and prosperity of the province. In the sj)ace of
live or six years, it hecame a respeetahle plaee, and ra[)idly
increased to its present ijuporlanee : it now contains a popu-
lation of four tiiousand souls. Immediately in the rear of
the town, is a very good road, called Yonge street, that leads
to Gwillindniry, a snudl village, tliirty two miles to the north-
ward, and thence five miles more to Cook's hay, from which
l)y Lake Sinicoe, there is a communication to Lake Huron.
This being a route of much importance, was greatly improved
by the north west company, for the double purpose of short-
ening the distance to the Upper Lakes, and avoiding any
contact with the American frontiers. The land on each side
of it, for a considerable depth, is very fertile and many settle-
ments arc already formed, where some of the farms are in a
good state of cultivation. BoitchettCy y, 86. ^t. — 355 miles
W. Montreal. See H, Cooper,

LAKES.

Above the

Greatest

Average

level of the

length.

breadth.

depth.

high tide of

the sea.

feet.

miles.

feet.

Ontario

180

500

218

Erie

2/0

200

548

Huron

250

100

900

570

^Mjjerior

3()0

140

fXX)

1048

END or GAZKTTEEli.

lOJ

WRITERS on the Cimadas and Emiffration\ and Maps of
the Canadas, iSj-f. ivhich may be had of J. FhiUips, Pe^tvorth.

Topographical and statistical description of the ^)rovinces
of Lower and Upper Canada, Xew Brunswick, Nova Scotia,
the Islands of Newfoundland, Prince Edward, and Cape Bre-
ton, including considerations on Laud granting and Emigra-
tion ; to which are added Statistical Tables, Tables of Dis-
tances, &c. Bi/ Joseph Bouchefte. In 2 ro/a. 4to. price
£2. \6s, boards. London, Longman, Ii^2.

Maps by the Author,

Topographical Map of the Districts of Quebec, Three
Rivers, and Gaspe, on the scale of two and three quarters
miles to an inch. 7^- 3in. by 4ft. 2in. —

Topographical Map of the District of Montreal, on the
same scale, comprehending part of that section of Upper Cana-
da traversed by the Rideau Canal, 7ft. 2in. by 3ft. 6in.

Geographical Map of the British N. American Possessions..
6ft. 3in. by 3ft. 3in. scale 14 miles to an inch. Containing
Upper and Lower Canada, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia,
&c. &c., by J. Bouchette, Jun. price £2. lis.

British America, by John McGregor, Esq. 2 vols. Svo.
prire 28s. bds. Blackiuood, Edinborough : Cadeil, London,
1832.

The advantages of Emigration to Canada, being the sub-
stance of two Lectures, dehvered at the Town- hall, Colches-
ter, and the Mechanic's Institution, Ipswich, by William
Catiermole. Simpkln and Marshall, London. 1831. pr. 3a'.

The Emigrants Pocket Companion ; containing ; what
emigration is, who should be emigrants^ where emigrants
should go ; a description of British North America, especially
the Canadas ; and full instructions to intending emigrants.
by Robert Mudie. Whittaker, Treacher, and Co. London.
1832. price 6s.

The Canadas as they now are, by Franth Pairplay,
London, 1833. J. Duncan, Paternoster Row.

aps of
cvorih.

]0:i

ivinces
Scotia,
>c Bre-
inigra -
^f bis-
price

Three
uarters

on the
r Cana-
1.

ession&.

itaining

Scotia,

h. Svo,
London,

he siib-
;)olches-
Williom
. pr. 3a*.

f J wliat
nigrants
specially
ligrants.
London,

''airplay.

Hints on Eiaii;r;itioii to Upper Canada, especially ad-
dressed to t]ic mi'ldic and loner classes, bij Martin Doyle,
Viimj (hid Co, Dublin. SiuijJcin and Marshall, London,
Oliver and Hoi/d, Edliihi'rgh. 18;i'2, urir:^ \s.

Statistii;L4l Sl<ci:'lies of Upj)cr Canada, for the use of Emi-
grar.i.s,,6// a Bar,cwoudsn/.an, London, Murray. 1832. pr. Is Gd,

The C'.iiiadas. — A variety of Topo'j^raphical Reports, con-
ceriiing the quality of land, Sc^. in diftercat districts, coinpile'l
and coiidens'jd funi original documents, furnished by J. Gait,.
E^'iq. cSt;'. 8cf'. hjf Aiidrt'in Plcken. London, 1832. IVilson,
Royal Ejscha))ye. price Ss. in cloth.

TiKpiiries of an Emigrant. — being the Narrative of an
E:iglish Farmer, from the year 1824 to 1830, with the Au-
thor's Additions to March, 1832, during which period he
traversed the United States, and Canada, with a view to-
settle as an Eniigrant. 4th. Edition, including InformatioUy
puijlished by II. M. Commissioners of Emigration, by James
Pickering, lute of Fenny Stratford, Bucks, now of Canada,
London. 1832. JVilson, Royal Excluznyt. price, in cloth,
with a Map bs. ivithout, As.

United States or Canada ? Points for the consideratloii of
all who are hesitating whether to direct their vie\iv\? to the
United States <tf America or to the Canadas, to which is added
some observations Jiddressed to the moderate capitalist, and
gentlemen of limited fortune and large family. London, 1833.
G. Mann, 30, Cornhill ; T. Griffith, 13, IVellimjton street ,
Strand. Price \s.

Practical Notes made during a Tour in Canada, and a
portion of the United States, hi 1831, by Adam Fergnsson,
of IVoodhill, Adcocate. Blachvood, Edinburgh: Cadell,
London, 1833. Price 6s. in cloth.

Information, published by his Majesty's Commissioners for'
Emigration respecting the British Colonies in North America,
1832, Londun, ('. Kntglit, Pall Mall. Price 2d. or \s.M,
per doz.

An Address to Persons, who entertain the wish to better
themselves, by emirjrrating to Canada, as well as to Parish
Ollifcr.-, Churchwardens, and Overseers, and all concerned
in providing for llie PoorofOreat Britain. London, Edward
Sulcr, \o. \i>, Chcapside, 18^)2. Price Of/, or bs. per doz.

?HPI

'iMi

T'ETWOR'J'Il ;

PRIXTED BY JOHN PillLLrP?*,

CHURCH STREET.

SUPPLE^[ENT.

From Jesse Penfokl, fCarpeitterJ who Nnit from Lnrf/its/ntN,
with his H'ife and five Children.

Gnlt^Junuanj \st. !8.').'5.

Mr. and Mrs. Hill.,

I have wrote this few Hnes to you, to inform you,
that we are all in good health ; and we hopes to firifl you all,
the [same.] Now I am going to state [in] this letter, about
this country. We are settled in Giilt townsliip, at present,
and we likes it ; we get plenty of work, and very well paid :
we tradespeople, get from 5*. to 7s. 6d. per day ; board, and
lodging, and washing, if [we] wish itj and now I have 3
houses in hand ; and expects 5 or G in the spring. I have
a house in hand now, 42ft. by 26ft., besides the outbuildings.
We square all the main timber, and find, at 10*. per huu-
<lred run. We can square 150 and from that, to 2(X) ; 2 of
us : and we do not want to work every day ; we oftentimes
have a day's hunting, and sporting : we kills hares, rabbits,
pheasants, turkies : and have killed 14 in a week. There is
plenty of deer here ; but we cannot get them, with our shot
guns ; any person who comes to this country, tell them, to
bring a good rifle. We gets plenty of ducks in the river ;
we lives about 16 rods from the river, and close to the main
road to Goderich. We have got 48 acres of land, very good,
fine land, with scants of timber in it. We have cleared IV
acre, sowed of wheat ; and we have a very good house to live
in, 30ft. by 20ft. loghouse : and we have got 2 cows ; but
out a keeping : but we can keep them in the woods, in the
summer : if we had 10, we could keep them : we do not ex-
pect that we shall remain [in] this place, long : for here is
not land enough for us all : so we think, that we shall get
some of the land cleared, and then sell it. It is a very good
place for oi.e family ; for I myself re going to have 100
acres given to me from government, for my servitude. All
soldiers, that have served 5 or 6 years, in regular service, is
entitled to 100 acres of land. He will have to pay £1. bs.
for their trouble ; then, he will have it free. I will advise
any person to come in this country, that have been in the
army J for it is better to have land give to them, than to pay

I ':

for it : but if any prrson comes in this country, [they] will
get a good living ; but the more money they bring witli
them, the easier it will be for them. Land is very high in
some townships. We gave £] . acre for our land ; now, it is
selling at j£l. 10*.; but we can buy land, 12*. per acre; but
we lives betwixt two townships. There is 2 corn mills, on
carh side of us, 1 mile to one and 2 miles to the other,
and plenty of shops ; and public houses ; plenty of
whisky, 2s. Gd. gallon. Rum and brandy, is a little
dear. Beer and cider, 72^. pot. Buy good beef for 2^d. lb ;
mutton, the same; venison, for Id.; flour, 5*. per bushel;
so we can live well, if we work half our time : but I do not
dare keep any holidays ; for I have 3 or 4 people after me
in a day, for to go to work. Now Mr. Hill. I hope that you
will let my father see this letter ; and T will send another,
before it is long. The names at the bottom nmst see this
letter ; [they] lives at Petworth. I hope that I shall see
some more of our country people here, next spring, for it is
a good country for any person to get a living, whether
they are a trade or not. Tell Robert Tribe to come ; plenty
of work, as soon as he gets here, at !js. a day, bed, and board;
and send some carpenters, and some M-heelers, and some
blacksmiths. Tell Thomas Lickfold, here is a very good
j)lace for him if he like to come. Tell John White, here is
plenty of work for him. Tell Mr. Ralph Chalwin, we wants
he here, ^ cry bad : but give my best respects to him ; and
1 hojje [he] is well. Now to include one and all ; give my
best respects to them, and tell them, that we are all in good
health, thanks be to God for it. We returns many thanks to
all gentlemen that assisted we here. Thank Mr. Yaldwyn,
Caroline gives her best respects to Biddy. Tell Robert to
bring Bumper. William Barnes is dead : he died at York.
Charlotte Tribe* is married to [a] man worth money. Let
father see tliis letter, as soon as you can, 1 hope he is well.
Any person might see it after : lo sure and carry it to Pet-
worth. 8o we all joins in our love to Mrs. and Mr. Hill;
and tell Noah Hill, if he likes to come, I will find him plenty
work. JE8SE PENFOLD.

Answer this letter, and give us all the news you can.

77/e s^ieet of paper on irhich this letter uas irritten had been
prepared hefore Vinfold went away, by having the signa-
tures o/S inhabitants of Petivorth, at the boitcm of it,
See luirodNction, p. viii.

ReceiAcd at Petworth February 8th. * See Evans, p. 18,

■i I

EMIGRATION.

1833.

The pET\yORTH Committee have mucli pleasure in stating,
that (with the exception of tNvo infants, one in eaeii ship, who
died on board) all the Emigrants who sailed from Portsmouth,
in April last, under their management, arrived in their usual
state of health at Quebec. And that the M'hole party (except
two young men who lost their lives through their own im-
prudence) proceeded up the country, and either settled on
land, or got employment at high wages.

Most satisfactory letters have been received from many of
the emigrants a collection of which is ji; i published.

Should any considerable number of persons, be desirous of
emigrating to Canada, during the approaching season, the
Committee will engage a ship for them ; and hope, by an
improved arrangement of the berths, to provide increased
accommodation, especially to families, and by alterations in
their former plan, with respect to provisions, and various
other matters, to diminish as far as is practicable, the dis-
comforts of a sea voyage.

The rapid currents, in some parts of the River St. Lawrence,
have hitherto caused considerable difficulty and delay, in pro-
ceeding up the country from Montreal ; but the opening of
the Rideau Canaly now affords an opportunity of avoiding
them altogether : or they may be ascended with ease, and
expedition, in a steamer, constructed in a new and peculiar
manner, which made its first trips towards the close of the
last summer, and was found completely to answer the pur-
pose for which it had been invented, being able to ascend the
stream at the same rate as the stages travel by land.

If the Committee send out a party this season, they pro-
pose to engage a person as superintendent, who has been
accustomed to the sea j for although it would be their wish,
tliat all families, who are desirous of boarding themselves,
should do so ; still, the assistance of an experienced seaman
would be found of the highest importance, in various ways,
fis ^vell at the time of Embarkation, as during the voyage,

T!i«? superintendent would also proceed up to the head of
Lil\e i./.a-iria, ami land the different parties at York, or any
oir\f}V p rt, thut inii^ht be desired, so as to enable those wha
liave aiiy trieuds already settled in Upper Canada, to join^
them, witli the Ica^t possible trouble and expence. : •/

If therefore, any persons are desirous of availing themselves
of the Coimnittee' s assistance, in emigrating to Upper Canada,
they should apply immediately at Mr. Phillips* Library, Pet'
worth, as it is not their intention to engage a ship, unless tho
number of applications should be considerable.

The earliest information as to the sailing of ships ; thi^-
price of passage ; and other matters connected with Emigra-
tion, may be obtained at Mr. Phillips* Library.

. <.•-..»

\\>

mirmmmmmn'mmmummimfaf.^mm'

J, Phillips, Printer. Petworth.

the hfiad of
Vork, or any
le those wha
nada, to join^

le.

ig themselves
pper CanacUty
Library, Pet-
ip^ unless tho

P ships ; th«J
(vith Emigrar-

/^/^/

^^ Mf-'. '■