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Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be ffilmed at difffferent reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included In one exposure are ffilmed beginning in the upper lefft hand corner, lefft to right and top to bottom, as many fframes as required. The ffollowing diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre ffllmAs A des taux de reduction diffArents. Lorsque ie document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seui clichA, 11 est ffiimA A partir de I'angie supArleur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 32X t # t iMi'ili-ihi'd l)\ THt GKIP PRINTING AM) PUBLISHIN(j CO., Limiled Dcsicinris, tiuiravcrs iiiul PriiitiTS '2n-J8 WlSr ADl.lAIDi; St kill, rOPOMO. ONT. hor T. McAULEY, Kingston ^ V^ko ■■/ , I'CT'w 4 W Historical Sketch of Kingston ingston . . . And its Vicinity 'T^C^ClprF^HK OLD LlMi:ST()NK CITY OV KINOSTON, crowniii^ the gentle slope of a long promontory just where lake and river meet, possesses an interest not common in the New World, that of historical association. Its foundation dates from the old heroic age of Canada, when her brave French pioneers were striving against terrible odds to make the Continent of America a Province of France. Quebec was l)ut a village, and .Uontreal little more than a stockaded trading post, when the l)rave and far-sighted (lovernor l)e Frontenac determined to erect a "Fur I)e[)ot"with "defences" at Katarakoui, the present sight of Kingston. C I' t Founding of Fort Frontenac |t was in July, 1673, that De l"'rontenac led his long train of canoes and batteaux up the St. Lawrence, and through the " Thousand Islands," to where the Catara(iui flows out to join the 3t. Lawrence. The spacious bay, formed by the long tongue on which Kingston stands, is " one of t'^e most beautiful and agreeal)le harl)ors in the world." Tlie primitive stockaded fort of logs was finished in four days, occupying the site of the present Tete du Font barracks. It was approi)riately called Fort Frontenac. ^HK connection of Fort Frontenac with the brave La Salle is one of its noblest and most inter- esting associations. It played a prominent part as the headc^uarters of the J'rench forces in Uppei Canada. In due time came the midnight massacre of Lachine, followed by the capture and destruction of Fort I'rontenac. After History of Fort Frontenac a. When l)e Frontenac was recalled to rescue the ahiiost ruined colony from utter annihilation, Cataraqui was again occupied by a French firce. The fort was rebuilt in stone at a cost of about ^600 sterling. It consisted of " four stone curtains, defended l)y four scjuare bastions. The walls were not good, defended neither l)y ditches nor palisades. A wooden gallery was built all around, communicating from one bastion to another. The platforms of these bastions were mounted on wooden piles, and the curtains were pierced by loopholes." In the great contest for the possession of the continent, l'"ort Frontenac was repaired and strengthened. In 1758 eighty thousand British trooi)s marched to tne borders ol Canada, and soon after came the last hour of Fort Frontenac. _/]n unsuccessful but determined attack on Carillon by Abercrombie had drawn off nearly all the garrison at the l'"ori, when the Hrilish general, fully alive to its imporlanre, sent Colonel Fort Frontenac liradstreet to take it with three thousand men and eleven guns. This strong force landed near Cataraqui on the evening of August 25th, i 758, and besieged the garrison of seventy men under a brave but aged and infirm commander, M. DeNoyan. He was reluctantly comj)elled to capitulate, stipulating, however, for the safety of his men, and their transport to Montreal. irrtiiK first permanent British settlement of Kingston took place at the close of the American war of Inde[)fcndence. A party of the loyalist refugees who had left their American homes rather than forsake their allegiance to Great Britain, were directed to Cataraqui by Cajjtain Crass. These loyalist settlers impressed their own character of conservative loyalty on the new settlement, which it has retained ever since, though the princiiples of reform have also had a strong following. A grist mill was built by the government at Kingston Mills, about six miles from Kingston. ^HK site of Fort Frontenac was soon occui)ied as a military pr st. Carleton Island was first used as a station for troops and shipi)ing, under the British occupation, but when it was dis- covered that this island was within the American line, Kingston once more became a military as well as a naval station. Lord Dorchester was anxious that it should be t':otoughly fortified and become the capital of U[)per Canada. The war of 181 2, whic-h checked York or ToroiUo and destroyed Niagara, doubled First British Settlement of Kingston Kingston a Military and Naval Station 4 5 * the population and Inisiness of Kini^ston. l"'ort Henry was then begun. Twenty years later the present stone fort re[)laced the i)riniitive log fortification, and a cincture of massive martello towers and stone batteries superseded the old blockhouses. The city continued to be a garrison station till 1872, when the Canadian Rifles, of which it was the head- quarters, were finally disbanded. It has, however, a battery of volunteer artillery, and a battalion of volunteer rifles, besides being the site of the Royal i\rilitary College of Canada. Growth of 3TTiiK loyalty and industry of the settlers, together with the military importance of the site, led to its the Citv rapid growth. The opening of the Rideau Canal, which became an important highway from (,)uel>e<- and Montreal, gave a strong ini[)elus to the growth of Kingston. Its situation has alvays given it the lead in the ship building of U[)per Canada, being second only to (Quebec in that branch of industry. The ship- yards of the city, including those of its sul)url)s, Portsmouth and Ciarden Island close by, have sent out the largest number of vessels and the greatest weight of tonnage. The first lake and river steamboat was launched at Kingston in 1812. Commercial ^rpnic removal of the seat of government was of course a great blow to the rising city, but did not Prosoe itv permanently .leck its prosperity. In 1847, besides owning a city hall, th^n considered the finest edifice of the l^' ' on the continent, it contained several stone churches, a massive Roman Catholic cathedral, convents. Hotel H d seminary, an infant university, a public hospital, extensive barracks and five l)anks. Ten first-class steamers, ,, irty smaller steamers and two hundred schooners and sailing barges made a respectable fleet to fill its capacious harbor. It had also become a city, being incorporated in 1846. In winter, com- munication with Montreal and Toronto was maintained by stages. The Grand Trunk Railway, completed a few years later, affected its business prospects materially, because of the distance of its main line from the city. The opening up of the back country by the recent construction of the Kingston and I'emb'-oke Railway, has considerably increased its traffic and stimulated its growth. N'aluable mines are now i)ein^ worked in the new townships in the rear, and the com- mercial interests of the city are growing larger and more pros[)erous. Several foundries, locomotive and car works, a hosiery and cotton mill and various smaller factories give employment to many employees. M. Kmgfston as an Educational Centre. Queen's University [t is ratlier as an ediKalioiial than as a comniercial centre that Kiny;stnn Ijoasts its highest claims in consideration. (^)iieen's University, whose handsome buildings form one of its architectural adornments, is one of the oldest universities in Canada. It was established by royal charter in 1844, in connection with the Church of Scotland in Canada. It is, however, undenominational in its character, thcuigh it has in connection with it a theological school for the Presbyterian Church. Through the generosity of many friends it has a large and growing endown)ent, urgently needed to keep alireast of the educational demands of the age. The staff of professors is iieing increased from year to year, and a new School of Science is in operation. Tlie building for this is the gift of John Carruthers, i'-s(i., and the hiMidsome edifice of the Arts and Theoloiical Departments was erected l)y the voluntary conlril)utions of Kingston citizens. (Queen's University has an able staff of professors, a progressive principal of well-known ai)ility and established reputation, and a long and honorable roll of graduates. The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons stands close by the University l)uilding and is affilialed with it. Many medical graduates pass yearly out of its halls. The Royal ^TTXhk tongue of land called Point Frederick, wliich extemls into tlie harbour between the city and Military College Fort Henry, is the appro[)riate site of the Royal Military College. The main building is a of Canada handsome Norman edifice, surrounded liy a neatly kept parade ground. I 4 Fort Henry -n^iiK origin and history of I'brt Henry has already been noticed. The woods on the sloping hill were cut down in consecjuence of the alarm caused by the U'ar of 1S12, which also led to the construction of Fort Menry. The present fort of stone, repla»ing the original one of logs, was begun about 1832. Court House O^'' "'^ ^^^^ uiost beautiful i)uildings of Kingston is its fine Crrecian C!ourt House of chiselled water-limestone, almost as light in color as marble. It contains ample accommodation for the various courts and court oftices, and in the rear is the gaol. 4 MMisroN IIAUnOU. HS*S^ 6 a: t/: a o -J r r •A ■j X. 2 i V 1I i u id •J « k i KINCiSTON, IKOM Kl i;\ A lOU. i i.irv u\i i:ni uoM. )C If) o T, '-> •J ♦ // AMONl. IIIK TIIOISANI) ISLANDS, HKl.OW SI-WK ISI.ANH. \a ■r. H o o y. k /J I r. y. v. y. 4* H- 1 f A.MelNl.; line TlIOlS.\M> ISLAMtS. 15 1 k KINGSTON PKMTENTIARY. 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