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7 
 
J 
 
 IMPERIAL, 
 IN CANADA, 
 
 
 9K ^OM . /? ^f. 
 
 ^, 
 
 
Impmal Jfttitration f caguc in Caiiaba. 
 
 RESOLUTIONS 
 
 Adopted at thb Meeting at Montreal, 9th May, 1885. 
 
 1. That this meeting has observed witli satisfaction the increased 
 interest in the outlying portions of the Empire displayed 
 by the people of the motlier country, and tlie formation 
 under the auspices of many distinguished practical states- 
 men of The Impeuial Fedehation League. 
 
 2. That to tlie end that the motlier country and the colonies may 
 remain perpetually under a common sovereignty, a United 
 Empire in its foreign ullairs, with constitutional liberty 
 for every part as regards int.u-nal administration, a read- 
 justment of the several constitutional authorities of the 
 Empire should, as occasion arises, be made in such manner 
 as to increase the practical eHiciency of Imi)erial unity. 
 
 3. That the resolutions passed at the Conference held in London, 
 on the 29th July, 1884, and at the inaugural meeting of 
 the League on the 18tli November, 1884, and notably the 
 following : 
 
 That, in order to secure the permanent unity of the Empire, some 
 
 form of federation is essential. 
 That no scliem., of ft^deration should interfere with the existing 
 
 rights of local parliaments, as regards local affairs. 
 That any scheme of federation should combine .in an equitable basis 
 
 the resources of th(' Knipire for the maintenance of common 
 
 interests, and adequat.ly provide for an organized defence of 
 
 common rights. 
 
 meet with the hearty acceptance of this meeting. 
 
 4. That a Canadian Eranch of the League be now formed, to be 
 called The Imperial Federation League in Canada, 
 and that the object of the League in Canada shall be to 
 promote the discussion of means whereby the permanent 
 
unity of the Kmpiro may bo mjiiutjiiiiod, and its practical 
 efficiency increased, to further the development and inter- 
 change of the resources of its various parts, and to resist 
 any measures tending to disint<!gration. 
 
 5. That the membersliip sliall be open to any Uritish su])ject wlio 
 
 accepts the principles of the League, and pays a yearly 
 . subscription of at least One Dollar, out of which tho 
 necessary fees for affiliation with the League in London 
 shall be paid. 
 
 6. That the League shall meet annually in t)ne of the principal 
 
 cities of Canada, the place of meeting for each year to bo 
 selected at the preceding annual meeting. 
 
 7. That the business of the League shall be conducted by a 
 
 General Committee, to be now aj)pointed, with power to 
 add to their number; that the General Committee be 
 instructed to adopt such means as they may lind con- 
 venient to promote the olyects of the League, and that 
 they furnish a report at the next meeting. 
 
 8. That the co-operation of men of all political i)arties in every 
 
 part of Canada l)e sought for the establishment of branches, 
 which shall have power to elect rei)resentatives on tho 
 ' General Committee. 
 
 I 
 
 » ^->- 
 
 GENERAL COMMITTEE. 
 
 ^Ircsibcnt : 
 Dalton McCarthy, Esq., Q.C., Toronto, M.P. for North Simcoe. 
 
 |oiut ^loit. ^rcrttiuics : 
 
 AucH. McGouN, Ju., 19 Place d'Armes, Montreal, and J. H. 
 EowES, University College, Toronto. 
 
 Poit. Cucasurcr : 
 Henry IIbrbbrt Lyman, 382 St. Paul Street, Montreal. 
 
4 
 
 The. follindiKj Members of fh,' Sniah' of Canada, with their places 
 
 of Residence ; 
 
 Allan, Hon. (Jko. Wm., Toronto. 
 
 OowAN, Hon. ,]. R., l^arric, Out. 
 
 nAYTiioii.NK, Hon. K. p., Charlottctown, P.E.I, 
 
 Kaulha(^k, Hon. H. A. X., Luuciilu'r^', N.S. 
 
 Macfahlank, Hon, A., AV^allado, N.S. 
 
 AfAolNNiH, l[oN. Donald, J L-imilton, Out., and Montreal. 
 
 Nklhon, Hon. IFuoh, liurranl Inlet, B.C. 
 
 ]'lumu, Hon. J. !{., Xiagara, Ont. 
 
 PowKK, Hon. Lawkknck (Ikokiuky, Halifax, N.S. , 
 
 SciiuLT/, Hon. John, Winni]K>g, Man. 
 
 TuiiNKU, Hon. .Iamkh, Haniiltoti, Out. 
 
 Members of the House of Commons, with their ctmstitnencies : 
 
 Allen, Benjamin M.P. . . . Xorth Grey, Ont, 
 
 AuMSTuoNo, Jame8 " .... Sontli :\li(Mlcsex, ( )nt, 
 
 JUkkk, KiuiAit Citow " Victoria, D.C. 
 
 Benson, Wm. T. (*) '< .... South ( Jrenville, Ont, 
 
 BuuNB, K. F " .... Gloucester, N.B. 
 
 Cameron, Hector, Q.C. . . . " ... North Victoria, Ont. 
 
 Casey, George E " .... West Elgin, Ont. 
 
 Casgrain, ]\ JJ '« .... L'Islet, gue. 
 
 Cochrane, Edward " .... East Northumberland, Ont. 
 
 DoDD, iMuRRAY '< .... Cape Breton, N.S. 
 
 Farrow, Thos " . . . . e. Huron, Out. 
 
 Fer(}uson, J )r. John " .... AVdland, Ont. 
 
 Ferguson, ]Jr. C. F " . . . . N. Leeds, Ont. 
 
 Foster, Geo. E '< .... Kings, N.B. 
 
 Gordon, I). W «' .... Vancouver, B.C. 
 
 GuiLHAULT, Edouard " JoHette, Que. 
 
 Hall, K. N " .... Sherbrooke, Que. 
 
 1[esson, S. R " .... North I'erth, Ont. 
 
 Jenklns, J. T " .... Queens, P.E.I. 
 
 KiRKPATRicK, Hon. Georob 
 
 A., Speaker " .... Frontenac, Ont. 
 
 Kranz, Hugo " . . . . N. Waterloo, Ont. 
 
 ]McCallum, Laciilan " Monck, Ont. 
 
 IVFacdonald, a. C " .... Kings, P.E.I. 
 
 Macdougall, H. F " .... Cape Jinitoii, N.S, 
 
 Macdougald, John " Pictou, N.S. 
 
 IVtcNEiLL, Alex, (f) " .... North Bruce, Ont. 
 
 * Deceased ; .succeeded by Walter Shanly, also a member of the Committee. 
 
 t Previous to the deim-ture of the Pmsidont on a visit to England, Mr, 
 McN eil was ,-l,.ctnd by the Uo.ieral Couunittee, Vice-l'reHident. His residence 
 in y\ iu»i ton ) v^iit. 
 
5 
 
 MoFKATT, KoHKKT M.I' RcstiKolK^llC, N. H. 
 
 ( )'l5uiKN, F/r.-Cf*!.. Wm. K. . . " Muskokn, ( )iit. 
 
 OuToN, I)i{. G. T '< .... Cciitro Wclliii-rton, Out. 
 
 Paint, Hknky N " Kichinond, :N.S. 
 
 Pattkkhon, Jamkh C " N. Essex, Out. 
 
 Kkid, .Iamks " Cariboo, W.C. 
 
 KoiiKKTHON, T " Hamilton, ( )nt. 
 
 KoHS, A. \V '« Lisgar, Man. 
 
 SiiAKKSPKAHK, N " Victoria, r..C. 
 
 SnANLY, Wam'ku " Sotifli (IronviUc, Ont. 
 
 Staikh, John F " Halifax, N.S. 
 
 TowNHKNi), Ciiaui.kh J " Cunilu'rlaiKl, N.S. 
 
 TUIM'KK, ClIAHLKH If " I'ictoU, X.S. 
 
 Tyhwiiitt, LT.-CouKuriAui). " . . . .S. Sinicoc, ()i,t. 
 
 Wallack, N. C " .... West York, ( )nt. 
 
 Wri.don, C. \V " .... St. -lolm, N.15. 
 
 Whitk, John " Ejist liastin<,'s, Ont. 
 
 Wioi,R, Lkwim " Soiitli Ksscx, ( )nt. 
 
 Wood, John F " I'.rockville, Ont. 
 
 Wood, Josiaii " AVestniorcland, N.B. 
 
 A/xo : 
 An8Rll, D. a., ^Sfontroal. 
 
 AKciiinAf.n, John S., Aldornian, Advocate, Montreal. 
 Baknaki), Edmund, Q.C, Montreal. 
 I^KKUS, "V^^ Okohoe, Montreal. 
 Bell, Hon. A. C, Leader of the Opposition, Legislature of Nova 
 
 Scotia. 
 Blaiklock, W. M., Mercliant, Montreal. 
 Blain, David, President C(Mitral Iknk, Toronto. 
 J'.ouRiNOT, John (Jeorcje, Clerk House of Commons, Ottawa, 
 BuYDGES, Fhedekick, "Winnipeg, Man. 
 CniPMAN, AV. W. L., Alanager Ontario Bank, i\rontreal. 
 Clark, John AI., IV-sident of Young Men's Liberal Club, Toronto. 
 CocKBUKN, George R. K, ]\r.A., Toronto. 
 Cross, Alex. G., Advocate, ^Montreal. 
 CusHiNG, Charles, Xotary Public, Montreal. 
 CzowHKi, Col., Toronto. 
 Davidson, Leo H., Advocate, Montreal. 
 DoBELL, K. K., Quebec. 
 Douglas, George H., Toronto. 
 Drysdale, William, Bookseller, iMontreal. 
 DucLOS, Charles, Advocate, ^Montreal, 
 DuNLOP, John, Advocate, ^fontroal. 
 Edwards, J. P., IMontreal, 
 
 Ebrguson, Hon. Donald, Provincial Secretary, Charlottetown, 
 P.E.L 
 
e 
 
 Fi.KMiNo, Randfohi), ^.^^.^l., Ottawu. 
 
 (Jautii, ("iiaui.kh, Moiitrciil. 
 
 (luANT, (Iko. M., LL. I)., Principal (^ikumi's University, Kin;,'.ston. 
 
 C!uiNni-KV, K. K., (IcntTtil Maniiyor Hank of Ilritiah North 
 America, Montreal. 
 
 Ha(iuk, (Ikohok, (Icni'ral Mana^'cr McM'i'liaiits' IJunk, Montreal. 
 
 Hknokiwon, Ai,kx., Merchant, Mf)ntrea!. 
 
 Hhnhhaw, Fkkp. ('., iMercliant, Montreal. 
 
 IIkn.siiaw, K. \V., INIcrohant, Montreal. 
 
 lI«)i)(MNt<, TiioMAH, (^).C-> Toronto. 
 
 JoUHAN, Kkv. L. II., iMskiiie I'reshyteiian Church, Montreal. 
 
 Johnson, Ai.kX., LL. D., K.K.S.C, Professor of MatheniaticH, 
 Mc(iill I'niversity, Montreal. 
 
 liRKT, J. ^foNTAdUK, AVinin'(ie;f, Man. 
 
 LicwiH, -loiiN, Surveyor of (hislonis, Montreal. 
 
 LoN.i, .1. 11., M.A., Peterlioro', Ont. 
 
 TiUCAH, Kiev. 1). v., Montreal. 
 
 Lyman, IlKNitv, ^[crchant, Chairman of the ProviHional Com- 
 mittee, ^fontreal. 
 
 Maodonnkll, Kkv. D. J., Toronto. 
 
 Mackaulane, Thomas, F.K.S.C, Montreal. 
 
 McLaciilan, K. \V., Merchant, Montreal. 
 
 MoLknnan, IIu(iii, Merchant and Forwarder, Montreal. 
 
 Maiujcu, W. ok M., Notary Puhlic, Montreal. 
 
 Mattiikws, -Ikhu, Author of "A Colonist on the Colonial Ques- 
 tion," Toronto. 
 
 MuKKAY, J. Clahkr, LL.D., F.K.S.C, Profe.ssor of Mental and 
 Moral Philosophy, JMcGill University, Montreal. 
 
 Murray, J. Kammi, JNlontreal. 
 
 Nicou.s, A. I)., Advocate, Montreal. 
 
 Palisser, Capt. Edward, Ottawa. 
 
 Parkin, (i. R., M.A., Fredcricton, N.P). 
 
 PATTEiiSON, Wm. ,]., Secretary of the P)oard of Trade, Montreal. 
 
 Potts, Kev. John, J).J)., Toronto. 
 
 KoBERTSON, Andrew, Chairman of the Board of Harbour Com- 
 mis.sioner.s, Montreal. 
 
 Robinson, Christopher, Q.C, Toronto. 
 
 ScHURMAN, Professor, ])alhou.sie College, Halifax. 
 
 Smith. Hon. ]). A., Montreal. 
 
 Smith, J. ^Murray, Manager liank of Toronto, Montreal. 
 
 Smith, K. C, Advocate, Montreal. 
 
 Stephen, Wm., i\r.l)., ^rontreal. 
 
 Thomas, F. Wolkerstan, Gen. Manager Molsons Bank, Montreal. 
 
 Turner, Frank, C.E., Toronto. 
 
 UssHER, Rt. Rev. Bishop, Montreal. 
 
 White, William, Q.C, Sherbrooke. 
 
 WoRSLEY', CoL., Montreal. 
 
Imperial Jfcbcvalbn ITcaguc in Canada, 
 
 REPORT 
 
 OJf 
 
 PROCEEDINGS AT MEETINGS 
 
 IN MONTREAL, 
 On Satuudav, Utii May, 1885. 
 
 Th(! mectinj,' callod for the foriiiutioii of a Imincli of the 
 Inipcriul FeiUa'utioM Lnii^Mic was licM mi Siiturtlay afternoon, at 3 
 o'clock, in the Ladies' Ordinary of the Windsor Hotel. There 
 was a very large repr(!sentation of Senators and nieni])ers of the 
 ITouse of Commons, of gentlemen from other parts of Canada, 
 and of prominent citizens of .Montreal. Among those present 
 were ^Fessrs. benjamin Allen, M.P., for North (Jrey ; T. II. Allen, 
 Ottawa; E. Crow Baker, M.I'., Yanconver, li. C. ; W. T. I5enson, 
 M.r., Grenvilh; ; Hector Cameron, C^.C, M.I'., North Victoria ; 
 (i. R. K. Cockburn, M.A., Toronto; Dr. -John Ferguson, ^I.I'., 
 AVellund ; George E. Foster, M.P., Kings, N.r>. ; Kdouard Cuil- 
 bault, M.I'., Joliette, Que.; Rev. Trineipal (5rant, Kingston; 
 Senator Kaulhach, Lunenherg, N..S.; Hon. J. W. Longley, Halifax; 
 J. Montague Leet, Winiiip(>g, Majiitol»a; -lehu Matthews, 
 Toronto; Senator Maclnnis, Hamilton and Montreal; Dalton Mc- 
 Carthy, Q.C., M.P., North Simcoe; Alex. McNeill, M.l'., North 
 Bruce; Senator Macfarlane, Wallace, N.S. ; Senator Nelson, Uur- 
 rard Inlet, B.C. ; Senator Plumb, Niagara; J. C. Patterson, M.P., 
 North Essex; A. AV. Ross, jNI.P., Lisgar, Alanitoba; Prof. Selnir- 
 nian, J)alhousie College, Halifax ; Charles J. T<twnsend, M.P., 
 Cumberland, N.S.; Senator Turner, Hamilton; John White, M.P., 
 F'.ast Hastings; Henry liyman, R. R. (Jrindley, Bank of 15. X. A. ; 
 George Hague, Merchants' Bank; W. Geo. Beers, F. W. lUaiklo.^k, 
 J. Herbert ISartlett, E, 15. Uiggar, d. T. IJethune, Henry 15eiijamin, 
 Hon. Mr. Justice Cross, W. G. Cruikshanks, W. W. L. Chipman, 
 Ontario I>ank; Charles Gushing, Rev. R. Camiibell, Leo. H. l>avid- 
 son, J. P. Edwards, Charles Garth, E. K. Greene, F. W. ILsnshaw, 
 J. W. Hughes, K. :M. Haldimand, Edward llollis, Dr. Alex. 
 Johnson, H. H. Lyman, R. C. Lyman, .folm Lewis, S. P. Leet, 
 Rev. ]). V. Luca.s, Rev. R. Lindsay, Prof. .L Clarke Murray, J. T. 
 McCall, Thomas Macfarlane, B C. Maclean, J. B. McLea, R. W. 
 
8 
 
 McLachlan, H. McGregor, Hugh McLennan, Arcli. McGoun, 
 ilrch. Mf.Goun, jr., David M. McGoun, J. H. Oakes, Charles 8. 
 J. PhilH-'S Rev. John Potts, Andrew Robertson, E. T. 8cott, 
 Jas. Stephenson, J. Alcy. L. Strathy, J. Murray Smith, F. AVol- 
 ferstau Thomas, IJishop Ussher, R. Wliite, and many others. 
 
 On motion of ]\Ik. R. R. GuiNDLEi',* Mr. Lyman, Chairman of 
 tlie Provisional ^lontreal Committee, took the chair, and ^Ir. 
 Arch. McGoun, jr., acted as Secretary. 
 
 The Chairman in explaining the objects of the meeting said 
 there was no question of more iuiportance to this country than the 
 (question they had met to discuss. 
 
 LETTERS RKCEIVEU. 
 
 Letters were read from a large number of gentlemen, from 
 some of which the following are extracts : 
 
 Senator Boyd, of St. John, N.]>., writes : *' As one wlio took 
 an active part in the union of the 1>. N. A. Provinces in 1867, I 
 hoi)e the League plan of Imperial Federation may be brouglit to 
 a successful issue." 
 
 Senator Allan, of Toronto : " The objects of the League have 
 my very warmest aympathy and approval." 
 
 Senator Haythorje, of Charlottetown, P.E.L : "I cordially 
 approve of tlie object contemplated. Canada has already dis- 
 played — so it seems to me — an almost universal sympathy wit'> 
 the Lnperial Federation movement, by sending her skilled boat- 
 men for service on the Nile, and by offering further aid of a more 
 decidedly military character, while the Australians have manifested 
 a similar spirit. Thus have both the great groups of Britain's 
 dependencies identiiied themselves with the welfare and success 
 of the Jkitish nation and the maintenance of Liip.'rial prestige. 
 These practical demonstrations of loyalty to the iMupire, gratify- 
 ing as they are, are yet but the impromptu expression of a deeiily- 
 implanted feeling, and as we have seen, eilect can be given to 
 them through the existing organizations of the 1 )ominiou and of 
 the respective colonies. But tlui large and more dilHcult part of 
 the question — how colonial interests are to bo assertcid and 
 guarded, how the united forces of the Empire are to be wielded, 
 liow remote colonial cities and harbours are to l)e (hd'ended, how 
 and in what proportions tht; great exfx^nse which must of necessity 
 be incurred is to be assessed and collected — remain for discussion, 
 and will reijuire time and the experience of the U'.ost sagacious 
 statesmen of tlie ^lother Country and her oirshoot.s, in onhn- to 
 arrive at an equitable and mutually satisfactory conclusion. 
 
 *Gfnt'riil Maiiivi^er of the I?iink of Uritisli North Amorica. 
 
» 
 
 Ifopinj,' that tiie iiKM'ting on the 9tli may jivove successful and 
 contribute its ((uota to the sohition (tf tlie Imperial Feileratiun 
 prohlcni, I am, itc." 
 
 Senator Hchultz, of "Winnipeg', !^^an^toha, vej,'rets that ill- 
 ness i)revents his uttendanci!, and desires to be enrolled as a 
 meiidter. 
 
 Senator Sullivan, of Kinj;slon, Out., who is absent in the 
 Xorth-West, v/rote before he left expressing his sympathy with 
 the movement. 
 
 Senator MacInnih expressed his desire to co-operate, and hoped 
 to attend. 
 
 Mr. C. E. Kaulhach, M.l*., for Lunenl(\u-g, N.U., " wished the 
 meeting every suece.ss." 
 
 .Jamks Keu), ^l.P., for Cariboo, 15.C., says "that his sympathies 
 are with the object of the meeting." 
 
 John (I. Bouuinot, of Ottawa, writes: "I trust that the 
 attendance will be large, and that a practical directtion will be given 
 to this great Imperial movement. As a native of Nova Scotia, I 
 feel some pride in recalling the faet that one of the most eminent 
 and i'loi[Uent sons of that litth; Province, many years ago, delivered 
 the most brilliant address that has yet apj)eared on the feder.iition 
 of the Kminre. The idea is grand, and I have every liope that 
 the discussions whi(;h h'Vi? commenced in Kngland and her dejien- 
 dencies, will sooiua' or luLer result in bringing about its realization." 
 
 Hon. A. C. l)KLi., M.IM'., leader of tln^ Nova Scotian ( )p|)osi- 
 tion : " 1 am entirely in favor of any action to promote federation 
 01' its discussion." 
 
 lion. J)()NALi) Kkholson, l*rovincial Secretary, Charlottetown, 
 P.E.L., wrote: " 1 am delighted to find that the problem of how 
 the full strength of the Kuipire nuiy be best used for the common 
 good is engaging the serious attention of the leading men of 
 Canada, as well as of those of the United Kingdom, and 1 need 
 scarcely say that 1 shall feel highly honoured in having my name 
 placed on the list of nuuubers of the proposed organization. 
 Hoping that the meeting may ])rove successful, and tlmt 1 may 
 have the pleasure of taking part in the deliberations of sub-sequent 
 meetings, to advance the object so important to every loyal British 
 subject." 
 
 Col. GzowHKi, of Toronto, asked to be enrolled as a member. 
 
 Capt. Palisser had just been wired for to the North- West or 
 would have attended. 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Pennyman Wouhlkv, of the Fifth ^filitary 
 ])istrict, writes from the P)rigade ( (Hice : " There is nothing to me 
 like ( )ld England, and a solid federation with such excellent con- 
 nexions must be dear to the hearts of the good old stock I have 
 the honour to come from. 1 shall, if possible, be present." 
 
 h 
 
10 
 
 Sandfoud Fleming, C.M.G., LL.P,, of Ottawa, writes from 
 Weston, Ontario : " I greatly regret that 1 am unable to return in 
 time to attend the meeting on Imperial Federation on Saturday, I 
 trust, however, it will be a gratifying success. I am in full sympathy 
 with its objects, and my cordial support may be counted on. 
 Ti ".u'n the Association is formed I shall be glad to be enrolled on 
 tht list of members, and any assistance in my power will be cheer- 
 fully rendered." 
 
 S. R. Hkshox, M.P. for North I'erth : " >ry best wishes are 
 with you in your earnest ellbrts to forward so important a matter 
 as Imperial Federation. AVishing you the most unbounded 
 success, believe me with you in fullest sympathy." 
 
 I.ACHLAN McCalix'M, M.1*. ftu' iMouck : " 1 regret very much 
 that 1 am unable on account of sickness to go to the Montreal 
 meeting. Wishing you every suc«.?ss in your important under- 
 taking, I am, i^'c." 
 
 1). W. OouDON, M.P. for Vancouver, .sent a telegiam promis- 
 ing his support. 
 
 .John F. "Wood, ]\r.P. for llrockville, Out., regretted very 
 much being un:d)le to attend, and added " I have no doubt the 
 meeting will be productive of much good, even if it should for 
 the present accomplish no more than to give form to the thoughts 
 now being directed to this lujportar.t subject. 1 particularly 
 wished to be present at your meeting, when, I doubt not, there 
 will be many able and distinguished men, Avhose views I had hoped 
 and still hope may, to .some extent, assume a practicable shape. 
 For my own part, I confess I cannot see 1)eyond the working 
 alliance spoken of by Mr. J)ouglas in his able contribution to the 
 subj(!ct of Imperial Federation, published in the NincU'vntli 
 Ci'titarij Afagazine. This was the nearest approach to the line of 
 the practicable of all the articles that have yet come under my 
 notice. Hoj)ing and believing that the nuuiting in jNIontreal will 
 strengtlKMi the tie that binds this colony to the parent state, lam, iK;c." 
 
 IIknuv N. Faint, M.P. for Kichmond, N.S., a member for 
 years (jf the Royal Colonial Institute, entertaineil full sympathy 
 with Imperial Federation, and asked that we include his support as 
 if })res(mt. 
 
 (Ikohoe F. Caskv, AL.P. for West Elgin, telegraphed his regret 
 at m)t being able to attend. 
 
 Chahle.s F. Hickky, M.P. for Dundas : " My warmest sym- 
 ]iathies are with the movement. If nothing more can be done 
 than expressing the desire of Canadians for the fullest and tirmest 
 union with the Mother Country consistent with tmr own interests, 
 the meeting Avill not have bectn held in vain." 
 
 .loiiN V. Staiks, M. p., Halifax, M.S. : "I can assure you the 
 niovenn^nt has my hearty supjiort, and I shall be pleased to do 
 what I can to further the objects of the League." 
 
11 
 
 Alex. Robertsox, M.P., West Hastin<fs : "Any scheme that 
 will tend towards forming and strengthening the relations of the 
 colonies to each other and to the Mother Country, will receive my 
 ready sympathy and support." 
 
 Chas. W. AVeldon, M.P. for St. John, X.P.., had made every 
 effort to arrange to be present, but was prevented. He wished us 
 success in our undertaking. 
 
 Edmund BAUXAun, a leading Q.C. in Montreal, wrote to the 
 Secretary : " I regret that I cannot take part in the proceedings at 
 your meeting this afternoon, biit I lieartily sympathise with your 
 oliject as 1 understand it. No plan cd "Imperial Fecleration that can 
 be devised is, I suppose, likely to Ije carried out during the lifetime 
 of the present generation. Nor is it by any means certain that 
 the question may not be found surrounded with greater ditliculties 
 than any so far mentioned, Imt the subject for all that is not out- 
 side practical politics. Its discussion should not be postponed to 
 Konu! time in the indefinite future. ( )n the contrary, the discus- 
 sion should, in my opinion, begin now and in earnest. For the 
 present 1 take it we are agreed that we are to expand and gradually 
 develop towards national life, under the conditions with which we 
 are familiar, iirst securing a final determination of the scojk^ and 
 provisions of the Constitution now in force, and then giving it 
 a fair trial, and extracting all that is in it that is good. lUit 
 should changes Ix'come necessary, any remedy required .should 
 first be sought in the direction you advocate. 
 
 "To me, I must say, the idea of a closer union 1)etweeii Great 
 Britain and its colonies, which would nnike us all practicall}' suli- 
 jects on equal terms of a still Clreater Ih'itain, seems not oidy a 
 grand one, but one also which is full of jtromise. The problem is: 
 Given the character of the people on the one hand, and the terri- 
 tory it inhaltits on the other, undca* what system of government 
 Avill the greatest chances be secured of individual progress and 
 general prosperity. Tt is not a ([uestion of material i)rosj)erity 
 alone. Nor is it even a (juestion of the ])reservation, at least in 
 form, of the noble institutions we have iidierited, so much as a 
 question of the standard of administration, the tone of society, and 
 the highest and purest type of civilization. . . It is because the 
 plan you advocate is so entirely in the line of our natiu'al growth as 
 a nation, and is calculated not to take away from our present fund, 
 but to add to it, that it is so deserving of (!very encouragement. 
 
 " 1 therefore hope that the labours in the cau.se which have 
 brought so much credit upon all (^oncerneil, and upon yourself in 
 particular, will continue to lie })rosecuted, and that the residt will 
 ))e a scheme upon which all can agree, the philosopher, the states- 
 man, and the patriot." 
 
 WiLTJAM White, Q.C, of Sherltrooke, Que. 
 
 AViLLiAM J. Tatteksox, Secretary of the Board of Trade, 
 Montreal. 
 
12 
 
 )racticable to sti-engtheu the bonds tluit bind the Colonies 
 
 I), R. WiT.KiE, of the Imperial r)ank, Toronto, is in sympathy 
 with the object and policy of the League, as sliown in the Draft 
 of Kesolutions, and believes that there must be an in'x'riniperial 
 coniniercial tariil'. 
 
 doiiN M. Clauk, I'resident of the Young Men's Li])eral Club, 
 Toronto : " For many years I have been strongly in favour of a 
 Federation of the British Kni\»ire, and have taken every available 
 opportunity (»f discussing the su])ject in debating clu))s, and in the 
 pr(!ss. I think a great deal of good could bt; done by the estab- 
 lishment of a branch of the League in Ontario. 1 have the means 
 of knowing that a large numlier of young men are favourably im- 
 pressed with the grand idea of a IJnitcul British Empire. It seems 
 to me that the present is an auspicious time for the inauguraticm 
 of an Association. Home means should 1)e taken for consolidating 
 the various Associations formed in Canada, so that they may 
 act in concert with one another, and \iith the League in (ireat 
 Britain," 
 
 d. II. IjOWEs and GEoiuiE H. Douglas, also of Toronto, both 
 send long lists of names for enrolment as members. 
 
 Kev. 1). J. ^Iaooonxem-, of St. Andrew's Church, Presby- 
 terian, Toronto : "The general oliject of the meeting has my entire 
 sympathy. ... I think all true; liritons ouj^dit to do whatever 
 may 1j( 
 ami Ih'itain 
 
 Kev. T. Bedford Jones, LL.l)., Archdeacon of Kingston, and 
 Rector of Napanee : "Pray enrol me as a member. If in any 
 way, about the formation of local auxiliary Ijranches in my ]>art of 
 the country, ov otherwise, I can promote the object of the League, 
 my humble services may be relied on." 
 
 Rev. C. J. ATachin, of Montreal, but absent at {)resent, and about 
 to be estalilished in Port Arthur, Ont. : " Our world wide Empire 
 does not contain a man more Jieenly and intensely in .sympathy 
 with the object of your meeting than myself. I reverently believe 
 the foundation of the Empire to be the will of Almighty (Jod ; 
 and that its influence upon the welfare of the human race will be 
 beyond anything we can speak of at this time. Please enrol me 
 as a member." 
 
 Rev, 1). II. ]\Iacvicar, LL.D., Principal of the Presbyterian 
 College, ^Montreal. 
 
 Messages were also l)rought by memliers from R. X. Hall, 
 M.P. for Sherl)r(ioke, Que. ; J. T. Jenkins, M.P., (Queen's County, 
 P.E.I. ; Hugo Kiiantz, M.P. for Xorth Waterloo. 
 
 THE RESOLUTIONS. 
 
 The first Resolution was moved by Hon. Hugh Nelson, of 
 Burrard's Inlet, British Columbia. " That this meeting has 
 observed with satisfaction the increased interest in the outlying 
 
13 
 
 portions of the Empire displayed by the people of the mother 
 country, and the formation under the auspices of many distin- 
 guished practif;al statesmen, of the Imperial Fcileration League." 
 
 It was seconded by IIo.v. II. A. X. Kauluach, of Lunenberg, 
 Xova Scotia, and was carried unanimously. 
 
 The second Resolution was moved by Mr. Jehu ^Matthews, 
 of Tf)ronto, author of •' A Colonist on the Colonial (^>uestion." 
 iS[r. Matthews, after modestly citing Demosthenes' saying, that a 
 cause was weakened by the support of too eloque'' a man, and 
 that the present resolution must therefore gain strengtli from being 
 proposed by one who had tio pretensions to elo(|uence, made a 
 most interesting address, as follows :— You will see that this 
 resolution athrms tlie expediency of a readjustment of the several 
 constitutional authorities of the Enii)ire, with the view of increas- 
 ing the practical efficiency of In)i)erial unity. Now, the one 
 thing in<lispensably requisite to confer i)ractical efficiency on any 
 species of corporate union — be it state, church, company or gang 
 — is united action with united lesources. Most of all is this 
 needed in a State, from the fact that it has to meet the luiaviest 
 responsibilities. Foreign potentates insist on holding the peo[)lo 
 of a .State responsible Avith their properties, political Iil)erties and 
 lives— in a word with their all — -for whatever act they may choose 
 to regard as a caio/s helli. Controversy over the olijects for which 
 a State exists has been very hot ; but I think none will refuse to 
 agree with 'he authors of the lu'fJei'alisf, that the preservation of 
 the safety of its peo[)le should be the very first. Now, does the 
 existent union of the British Empire provide for this either as far 
 as is practicable or desirable 1 With a rebellion raging in the 
 North-West we have not a man of the regular army available for 
 service against them. If the Russian-Pacific fleet should, next 
 summer, force its way into the gulf of (Georgia, or sweep the 
 Australian coast, the share of I'ngland, Canada and Australia in 
 repelling it would be utterly unknown to either. Here in this 
 very first olijoct of national organization there is really less jirovi- 
 sion for united action than between foreign countries maintaining 
 an offensive and defensive alliance. If our connexion is tt) be of 
 any practical use whatever there must be provision made for at 
 least as much unity of action as exists in such alliances. That the 
 meeting is in favour of a permanent alliance of this character I 
 take for granted. (Cheers.) That l)evng so, how it niay be made 
 most effective becomes the next question. To answer that ques- 
 tion wisely and jiractically will re(pure the labour of the wisest 
 heads and of the most patriotic luiarts in the Kmpire. And were we 
 now to attempt to answer it, I fear that we should find ourselves 
 involved in debates at least as animated and protracted as any that 
 have lately exhausted the energies of our noble Canadian House of 
 Commons. One thing, however, I will dare to say, it will never be 
 
u 
 
 practically answered should Fatliorland and Colonies approach each 
 other in the spirit of th(! last forty years. Gibbon has well told us 
 that a perptitual and never-ending source of discord is to bo found 
 in the desire of securing the IxMiefits of political society Avhile 
 escaping its burdens. And, to tell you the honest truth, I am 
 very much afraid that this is what both parts of the Empire have 
 been trying to do during that time. They liave ctmcurred in 
 dissolving the i)ractic;d and retaining a legal union, under the 
 impression that by so doing they would (tscape the burdens and 
 retain the benefits of the alliance. (Hear, hoar.) The actual 
 eflfect of the policy is directly the reverse. England has Avith- 
 drawn almost all colonial gjtrrisons, and refused to nnd(>rtake the 
 task of colonial defence, but she has not thereby escaped the 
 danger of b<ung involved in Avars on colonial ([uostions, Avhile by 
 leaving the Colonies unprotected she has increased temptati(m to 
 attack them ; and decreased their inclination to accept her regula- 
 tion of their foreign relations. (Hear, liear.) The Colonit!S have 
 pushed their rights of self-government almost to their utmost 
 limits ; but they hav(! not tlu^reby avoided being involved in Avars 
 imdertaken, it may be, from considerations affecting the interests 
 of the United Kingdom exclusively ; Avhilo they have diminished 
 its motives for attending to their special interests. England has 
 ceased to regard colonial interests in her commercial p(-)licy, and 
 the Colonies have ceased, or are ceasing, to regard hers in their 
 OAvn, tlujreby endangering the most valuable trade Avliich England 
 possesses ; but they are thereby probably laying on " the straAv that 
 breaks the camel's back," since this action is more likely than any- 
 thing else to make England " Emancipationist " ; and to lead to a 
 total dissolution of the alliance, Avithout Avhicli they Avould be at 
 the mercy of the first assailant. Both parties should remember 
 that it is their leg.*! union Avhich subjects them to the risks and 
 responsibilities of political society, and that it is their practical 
 union Avhich confers its advantages by bringing the aggregate 
 strength to the individual aid. Like all attempts at "sitting 
 betAvoon tAVo stools," this attempt must come to grief. But it is a 
 matter of immense importance Avhether it shall come to grief by a 
 closer union or a comjdete disruption of the connexion betAveen 
 fatherland and colonies. To explain my reasons for this belief 
 Avould require much more tinu^ than the meeting can spare to this 
 resolution. I desire a pan-Britannic Empire (Cheers), because I 
 desire tin; good of Britons everyAvhere — -Avhether among the fre(!, 
 fair homes of England ; the land of Auld Lang Syne; the "sAveet- 
 est isle of the ocean " Avhence I come ; our brethren rearing an 
 empire under the southern cross ; transforming South Africa by 
 British industry ; lalioring in the islands of the Caribl)ean Sea, 
 or ruling an Empire greater than that of old Rome in modern 
 India. (Loud cheers.) And— don't be frightened! — I am not 
 
15 
 
 going to forget my home for ovor a quarter of a rontury in the l)ig- 
 gest half of North America. (Che<frs.) Nay, [ am quite cunttnit to 
 meet "Canada First" on its own ground; antl drop Imperial 
 Federation, if it rannot he proved to he the polity under Avhich 
 Canada could enjoy greater financial advantcages ; greater local 
 indejiendence ; and hrighter j)rospects hoth economically and 
 morally than l)y any other path open to her. I, therefore, have 
 much pleasure, ^Ir. Chairman, in moving: — "That to th«' end 
 that the mother country and the Colonies may remain perj)etually 
 under a common sovereignty, a united Empire in its foreign aflairs 
 with constitutional liherty for every part as regards internal 
 administration, a readjustment of the several constilutional 
 authorities of the Knqiire should, as occasion arises, he made in 
 such manner as to increase the practical ethciency of Inqwrial 
 unity." (Loud applause.) 
 
 This was seconiled hy ^\n. Benjamin Allen, of Owen Hound, 
 !M.R for North Grey, Ontario. 
 
 iMK. ALLEN 
 
 Said it gave him great pleasure to take part in any .scheme 
 having for its ohject the drawing togetluu" nit/re closely the honds 
 of friendship and alliance hetween Great Hritain and her world-wide 
 Colonial Empire in which this ])ominion occupies such a conspicuous, 
 if not indeed the foremost place. He helieved the time not far 
 distant when it Avould he a necessity for such ties of relationship 
 to be even still nK)re closely and firmly drawn tlhan at present. And, 
 though it might he premature to define the practical lines ujiou 
 which the hoped for union should he drawn, and the mutual duties 
 and responsibilities of the several parts of the united Emi)ire, yet 
 he was strongly of the o{)inion that it was now very opportune to 
 give public expression to the firm and abiding loyalty of our 
 peo{)le to the Crown, and our strong and hearty sympathy with all 
 the other branches of the national family, in the various impor- 
 tant works they were carrying out in their respective spheres, the 
 difficulties they were surmounting, and the conquests they were 
 achieving. Knowing the feeling of loyalty and patriotism that 
 pervades this Dominion, and the strong desire of our people for a 
 continuance of the happy relations which have so long existinl 
 between us and the Mother Country, he considered it very proper 
 that the Dominion should thus take the initiative in the movement 
 in favour of Federation of the Empire. (Hear, hear.) ]\[r. Allen 
 had therefore great pleasure in seconding the resolution. 
 
 The motion was adopted unanimously. 
 
 MR. DALTON McCARTHY 
 
 Moved the third resolution Avhich was as follows : — " That the 
 resolutions passed at the conference held in London on the 29th 
 July, 1884, and at the inaugural meeting of the League on the 
 
16 
 
 18th Xovpml)er, 1884, and Tintably tho following: — Tlint, in ordor 
 to secure the permanent tinity of the Ktnpire, some form of federa- 
 tion is essential. That no scheme of federation should interfere 
 with the existing rights of local ]iarliaments, as regards local 
 affairs. That any scheme of federation sliould comVnne on an 
 e<iuit€al)le hasis the resources of the Empin^ for the maintenance 
 of common interests, and adecpiately ])rovide for an organized 
 defence of common rights — meet with the hearty acceptance of 
 this meeting." lie said there was no danger of disintegration of 
 the Emi)ire, hut we should draw tlw; atteution of the people to 
 what had Ixjen suggested, and what was their possible future. 
 Canada had much hrightcM' ])rospects under our own Hag than any 
 oth(!r. It had heen said that there was no national spirit among 
 our young men, and tliat it couKl only he generated hy indepenil- 
 ence ; hut what could he better than the glories of the Empin; to 
 which we belong? We could have for all time tlu; glory of part- 
 nership in the Em])ire. AVt* never felt ourselves inferior to tho 
 inhal)itants of the Ih'itish Isles — our fathers came from there, — - 
 and if their successors assumed a little superiority it was time it 
 .should be done away with. In Canada, as well as the other 
 Colonies, the people Avere entitled to be placed on ane(iual footing 
 with those at home. He counselled adherence to the Empire to 
 which we were all so proud to belong. (Cheers.) 
 
 ]SIR. TOWXSEXI), of Andierst, X.S., M.P. for Cumberland 
 County, seconded the motion, which was carried unanimously. 
 
 THE chair:\[ax 
 
 Here took occasion to say that while he was at the l*hiladelphia 
 Exhibition he had met with Rein-escntatives of all the other 
 Colonies as well as of Britain, and they celebrated the event by a 
 dinner. The sight was an interesting one. Here were men from 
 all i)arts of the world, but all belonging to the same nation, meet- 
 ing together on foreigii soil. 
 
 The HOX. SEXATOR PLUM?., of Xiagara, Ont., moved the 
 fourth resolution. 
 
 MR. PLUMP, 
 
 Said that the Conference held in liondon, in July last, and tho 
 conse(iuent meeting and formation of the Fedi-ration League, Avere 
 most timely and important steps towards attaining results, which, 
 he believed, were earnestly desired by the vast majority of the 
 British people. Both mcMitings had been attended by a large 
 representation of .Statesmen anil by other inllueiitial public men 
 holding high positions at home and in the Colonies, all of whom 
 favoured the movement. ( )thers who were unable to attend had 
 given their names to the League, and had cordially endorsed it. 
 Prominent Canadians had been {u-esent and had taken part in tho 
 
17 
 
 proceedings of liotli meetings. The League, whicli was formed at 
 the second meeting, was a iiractical lieginning and a promise that 
 th(! Leiigue was not, directed or supported \)\ visionary enthusiasts, 
 ])Ut \)y sol)er-min(h(l, thouglit ful, earnest men, who woidil not sutler 
 it to evaporate in highsounding (h-elaralions or vague resohitions. 
 (Hear, hear.) lie ludieved that they meant Itnsiness, and were 
 proceeding in a way wliieh would commend itself to tlie puhHc 
 judgment. (Hear, hear.) Tliere couhl he no doul)t as to tlie 
 respons(! tliey deserviid, and would receive from the vast outlying 
 Imjierial possessions. They could unite in stretigtlu'iiing the cent- 
 ral Kmpire hy an ('((uitahle agreenu'ut lor the defence of the com- 
 mcm int<'rests. (Hear.) The ("olonies yet in their early youth, 
 with their illimita1)!(^ possil)ilities, were the chief glory of the 
 Uritish Knijiire (cheers), and the etuluring illustration of th(^ 
 wisdom of her later policy. Throughout the discussions at the 
 meetings, and the comments of the Knglish ])rcss, would he found 
 assurances that the rights of the Colonies to self-government were 
 fully recognized as a condition jirecedent to any federative com- 
 l)act. (Htiar, hear.) Xo attempt had heen made to formulati^ a 
 sclnune. The first work of the League should be to rouse the 
 people into an attitude of attention and empiiry ; to lead them to 
 consider i\u' interdependence Ix'tween Kngland and the Colonies, 
 and between the Colonies themselves ; to jirepare them for a 
 discussion of the i»rinci])les upon which Fed(>ration must l)e based, 
 and of the alleruiitives that must ])resent themscdves to every 
 thoughtful mind. There had been no intention to attem])t, at this 
 early stage, to lay down any dogmatic i)lan, however broad and 
 general. The initiatory movement sought to embrace in the 
 League all who were in favour of perpetuating Jh'itish connexion 
 by asking them to come forward and unite witli it. (Cheers.) 
 The time had not conu; for the adoption, or even the discussion by 
 the League of any princiitles bciyond those already promulgated. 
 The processes of (n'olution would lie in the direction he believed, 
 not of disintegration, but of assimilation (cheers), and the pro- 
 cesses miglit ])e slow or they might be suddenly stimulated l)y the 
 progriiss of events already within our cognizanct". Whatever 
 migh*; come he believed the peo])le of Canada would stand up as a 
 unit in defence of the Kmpin;. (Aj)plause.) Thtr Imperial 
 League is declared to have been formed for the purpose of pro- 
 moting the caus(! of Imiterial Federation. Its constitution is in 
 harmony Avith the statements he had already made, and provides 
 that no scheme of Federation should interfere with existing rights 
 of local Parliaments as regards local affairs, and that the objec^t of 
 such Federation should be to combine on an equitable basis the 
 resources of the Fmpire for the maintenance of the common inter- 
 ests, and to provide for an organized def( iice of common rights. 
 These are the postulates to which our assent is asked. It should be 
 
18 
 
 a matter of doop congratulation tliat wo are onablcd to unite with 
 our fellow sulijects in the furtherance of so f^'rand an undertaking 
 and that here, in the chief eoniniercial city of Canada, so many re- 
 presentatives of the Dominion have; ;^Mthered toj^ether to form a 
 branch of the League, and I am honoured l)y the nnnicst to move 
 "That a Canadian branch of the League l)e now formed, to Vjo 
 called the Imperial Federation League in Canada, and that the, 
 object of the League in Canada shall he, to promote the discussion 
 of means wliercliy the permanent unity of the Empire may bo 
 maintained, and its practi(;al elliciency increascul, to further the de- 
 velopment and interchange of the resources of its various parts, 
 and to resist any measures tending to disintegration." 
 
 MR. W. T. JIKXSON, of Cardiiuil, U.V. for Grenville, Ont., 
 seconded this resolution, which was carried unanimously. 
 
 The Hon. Mr. Lonoley, of Halifax, who had been asked to 
 move the next n^solution, said he had infurmed the Secretary 
 that he had not formed a decided opinioti upon the points involved 
 in some of the other resolutions, and had come rather to confer with 
 the gcMitlemen and hear the discussion than to take any active 
 part in the business. He did not think tlu^ time had yet arrived 
 for Imperial Federation, but thought it Avas rather an occasion 
 to renew their covenant of loyalty to Great Britain. .Still he had 
 no ol)jectiou to move the next resolution. 
 
 Mr. Cockrurn was, however, substituted for Mr. Longley 
 as the mover of the resolution. 
 
 The fifth resoluMon was accordingly nioved by Mr George R. 
 R. CocKRURN, MA., one of the Toronto deputation, seconded 
 by Mr. E. Crow Baker, M.P. for Victoria, B.C., as follows : 
 
 "That the membership shall be open to any ]?ritish subject who 
 accepts the principles of the League, and pays a yearly subscription 
 of at lea.st One Dollar, out of Avhich the necessary fees for affilia- 
 tion with the League in London shall be paid ; That the League 
 shall meet annually in one of the principal cities of Canada, the 
 place of meeting for each year to be selected at the preceding annual 
 meeting." 
 
 MR. COCKBURX 
 
 Said he Avas not here to mince matters, he knew exactly what 
 he was about, and he hailed with great satisfaction the broad basis 
 upon which this resolution rested, opening as it did the member- 
 ship to every British Subject. There was no question of party 
 politics here. (Hear, hear.) Before joining this great Pan- 
 Britannic Federation no man had to consider Avhcther he were a 
 Liberal, a Conservative or a Ra'lical ; a full-fledged Free Trader or 
 an out-and-out National Policy man. The only questions ho need 
 
19 
 
 n 
 
 ask liiiiiHflf arc, : Am I a Uritisli ,sul)j('ct ? Is my patrintiMii worth 
 one liuntlrotl rvnin 1 and, Am I willing' dispassimiatply to considor 
 tlu! advisability of drawiii;,' still closer tlui tics that hind me to my 
 P'atlicrland ? Mr. ("ockhnrn thoii<,dit the iircscnt tlic most oppor- 
 tiinc time to discuss tlii" tpit'stion o£ Imperial Federation. It was 
 already a living' issue in Kn^'land, and had enlisted the warm and 
 active sympathies of many of the leading,' statesmen there. It was 
 too j,'reat and too momentous a (piestion to he left for its decision to 
 haphazard, or to the residls of relxdiion, or Avar, or of some ;;reat 
 social upheaving,', when; an^'ry jiassions, that hlinil the jud;,'ment, 
 mi;^dit have been aroused, (llcar, hear.) Surely Ih'itish and Colon- 
 ial statesmen can lind some common, intelli,t,Mhle basis of union by 
 which our ;,'rL'at mother and her Colonial children can staml shoulder 
 to shoidiler throu^diout tin; world to maintain the honour and 
 integrity of the grandest empire tlu; world has ever .seen. (Cheers.) 
 
 MK. KIX^AR CROW r.AKKK,* 
 
 Replying to Mr. I.ongley, said that for his part he had no 
 hesitation in sui)port.ing and endorsing not only tin; present resolu- 
 tion Itut every woid of all the resolutions contained in the draft 
 which had been sent him. (Loud che(!rs.) He gave liis uuipialitied 
 sujiport to th(! whohi platform, (ChetM'.s,) and thought any gentle- 
 man taking part in the meeting should have made up his mind on 
 th(! matter befon^ coming. (Hear, hear.) As a native, of old 
 London on the Thames, he heartily endorsed any movement 
 tending to make our connexion closer with tlu^ Mother Country. 
 (Applause.) It was pleasing to find that every Province of 
 Ctanada, from Prince Kdwaril Island in the East, to ^lanitoba and 
 P>ritish Columbia in tlie AVest, was represented here to-day, that 
 we are to-night to assemble in the handsomest hall in the ])omi- 
 nion, to proclaim the inauguration of so important an era in our 
 history. Those taking part wen; not confined to the generally 
 accepted public men of the day — Senators and ^lembers — ^but 
 extended to Principals and Professors of Colleges, IJankers, Tiead- 
 ing ^Nferchants and members of the various professions. Having 
 visited nearly every part of the world, as well as everv ])rovin('e 
 of Canada, during a career of 19 yi^ars in Her Majesty's Navy, he 
 knew that wherever the P)ritish flag floated there was a strong 
 feeling of loyalty to our (^)ueeu and tlu; (^Id Country, and a strong 
 desire to bind the parts of the Lmpire more closely together. In 
 Jh'itish Columbia, a constituency of w^liich he represtMited, although 
 over 2,000 miles from this metropolis and over 5,000 from Eng- 
 land, there Avere thousands of men and Avomen Avhose minds arc 
 imlmed with the daily increasing necessity of closer union Avith 
 the ( )ld Country, Avhose hearts })eat as Avarmly as any in Canada 
 
 * Niiv'g Lieut. R.N., M.P. for Victoria,, Bvitish CohuTibia. 
 
20 
 
 or plsf>wliflrf», whoso bosoiua swoll witli prido nt tlvo name of Hpv 
 whoso iiaino tho ra|)ital i»f that I'rovinco hears, fiii«l whoso oyos 
 gliston witli doMglit at tho thought of aidiiif; in u[»h<)l(ling Kngland'H 
 honour. It would he ;,'ratifyiuK tf) ///'■///, as it was a pride anil 
 pleasure to liiniself, that he, one of their representatives, had the 
 l)rivih'Re of atteudiiif;; a nieeting of patriotic^ Hritons, to organize 
 a hranrh of the Leagiiti that is formed to bring ahout so happy a 
 consuiniuation as a consolichitiMl liritish Kinpire. (Loud cheers.) 
 The rosohition was carricid with applause. 
 
 MR. HECTOR CAMKRON* 
 
 Moved the next resolution: " Tliat tlic business of the League 
 shall be conducted by a (lenc^ral Committee, to he now appointed, 
 with power to add to their number, and that those now appointed be 
 as f(»llows : Dai/fon MoCautiiy, NLl*., President ; (loud applause) ; 
 Arch. MuOoun, Jk,, Montreal, and .L H. Mowkh, Toronto, joint Hon. 
 Secretaries; Hknrv Hbuhkut Lyman, Hon. Treasurer ; and the 
 movers and .seconders of resolutions at this and the Kvening M(!et- 
 ing, the Chairman and Members of the Provisional Committee. f 
 (applause.) That tlie General Committee be instructed to adopt 
 sucli means as they may find convenient to promote the objecis of 
 tho League, and that they furnish a report at the next m<!eting." 
 
 He spoke of the great change that had come over the opinions 
 of the i)eoplc of England regarding the Colonies, Avhich clearly 
 showed that the mother ooimtry desired closer relations with her 
 children. The formation of the Imperial Federation League Avas 
 a holding out of the hand to lis, and we should accept that offer of 
 friendsliip and interest, and try to discov(!r a basis upon which wo 
 can form a closer alliance with those at home. No scheme should 
 be formulated at present ; that should be considered later, Avheu 
 delegates from all the Colonies .should meet together in London to 
 agree upon a plan. (Hear, hear.) He was opposed to independ- 
 ence, wliich was Init another name for annexation. (Hear, hear.) 
 In the event of Canada becoming in<lepcndent he did not believe 
 she could remain so five years, but that within that time, inde- 
 pendence would end in annexation. And it was all the more 
 necessary on account of this talk, now .so often heard, of independ- 
 ence, that this movement should not be allowed to drop. (Cheers.) 
 The resolution was carried. 
 
 MR. GEO. HAGUE, General ^Manager of the Merchants Bank 
 of Canada, Montreal, seconded, and 
 
 MR. A. W. ROSS, M.P. for Lisgar, Man., supported the 
 resolution, which was carried unanimously. 
 
 * Q.C. of Toronto, M.P. for North Victoria. 
 
 t The naraea of the members of tlie Committee are at pages 3 to 6 ante. 
 
21 
 
 MR. UViWl NFcLKXXAX 
 
 Movod, " Tluit the co-opumtion of iiicii of uU politicul partios 
 in ovcry part of (Jmimla lie soii^'ht for tlit; catablishiiicnt of ltmnch«8 
 wliich fsliall liavii power to ek-.a ruprn.sKntative.s on tin; ^'ciieral 
 conmiittcu;." IId cou.sideml tluit this wa.s an au.spicious (hiy f(jr 
 Canada. A fei'linj^ liad hcen lianginj,' over the people that .some 
 chan^^e in our prest-nt rtdations was neei^s.sary, hnt whether it wa.s 
 clo.ser I'.riti.sh conn(!.\ioii, independence or annexation, they knew 
 not. For himself, he thouj,dit annexation wa.s unde.sirahle and 
 in<le|.eiidence imi»rarti<aljle. There was, he continued, a solution 
 to the dillicidty, and that was Imperial Federati(»n, which seemed 
 to be tt .spontaneous movement anion-,' the people, eagerly desired 
 by uU, irrespective of party. (Cheers.) 
 
 HOX. A. MAC FAR LANK* 
 
 Secomhul this resolution. He wa.s f,'ratiried to observe that 
 this meeting' was compo.sed of men representing' every Province; of 
 onr ^'reat Dominion. Such a gathering showed tliat the feeling 
 had taken a .strong hold of the people, and lie hoped it would 
 spread an<l intensify until it had taken po.sse.ssion of the entire 
 population of this great country. (Loud apiduuse.) 
 
 The rcsolutitui was carrie<l. 
 
 MR. DALTO.X McCARTIIYf 
 
 Then moved, .seconded by 
 
 MR. PATTKRSOX, M.P. for Es.sex : 
 
 "That the thanks of this jueeting be tendered to the Chairman, 
 for his courtesy and impartiality in presiding over this meeting." 
 
 Carried unanimously amid applause, the Chairman responding 
 in a few well chosen remarks. 
 
 • Senator, of Wallace, Nova Scotia, 
 t C^.C, the Prraident- Elect. 
 
PUBLIC MEETING IN THE QUEEN'S HALL. 
 
 The pulilic meeting in support of the Imperial Federiition move- 
 ment, held in the Queen's Hall in the evening, was a grand success. 
 Although the weather was wci. and dark, tluue were j)ro1)al>l3' ahout 
 seven or eight liundretl })ersons assend)led, with a fair spriid<ling of 
 ladies. Soon after eight o'clock the newly elected President of the 
 League, Mu. Dalton McCauthy, took his seat on the platf(jrni, 
 being greeted on his arrival with loud and ])rolonged api)lause. He 
 was supported on the righi l)y Hon. Senator I'lundi, (Icorge Hague, 
 Esq., Senator jNlacfarlane, Principal Grant, Sir AVilliam Dawson, 
 (Principal of ^Icdill l^niversity, Montreal,) George K. Foster, 
 M.P., and Prof. S' iiurnian, and on the left by ^lessrs. Henrv Ly- 
 man, Jehu Matthews, George K. R. Ccckburn, M.A., Rev. Dr. I'otts, 
 Alex. ^IcNeill, M.P., E. Crowe P>akcr, M.P., Charles .1. Townsend, 
 M.P., Rev. L. H Jordan, and Hon. J. AV. Longley. 
 
 The CHAIRMAX 
 
 On rising to address the meeting was again loudly cheered. 
 He spoke as follows : — 
 
 Ladies and Gentlemen : Having to-day been elected President 
 of the Lnperial Federation L(!ague in Canada, my iirst duty is to 
 return thanks for the honour that has lieen done me. I cannot 
 but regard it as an imjtortant and honourable position, and trust 
 that 1 shall discharge the duties of the otHce to the satisfaction of 
 those wlio have elected me to it. (Cheers.) Aly friends have 
 given nui very divergent advice on the duties of a Chairiiuin. Some 
 of them tell me that I am entitled to speak as often and as long 
 as I like ; others, that it is my ])rovince siin;)ly to preserve order 
 and decorum in tlu^ meeting. As I hope, upon some other occa- 
 sion, to make a nu)i'e formal address, when untrammelled liy the 
 duties of chairmansliip, I j^hall this evening maki' my remarks 
 brief, particidarly as there are many others to sjieak. Last 
 summer a large number of jtrominent Piritish statesmen met 
 togetlier in Westminster Palac(i Hotel, London, to take steps for 
 th(! formation of a League to promote^ the idea of a Federation of 
 the Empire. 1 was ))rivileged to be present at that meeting, and 
 observed with satisfaction that its promoters decided that while 
 the initiative in such a movement should conm from the I\I<tther 
 Country, the Colonies, on the other hand, would have to make a 
 closely detined exi)ression of opinion on the .suliject, if it were 
 ever to become an accomplished fact. Since that time, 1 have 
 given most careful consideration to the matter, and have formed 
 a most decided opinion that it is worthy of our study and accept- 
 
23, 
 
 ance. T Ixjlicvf; tliat the liigliest development of this Country 
 will be uttaiiiiHl ])y its oontiiiiiiiig to form part of a consulidateii 
 British Kmpirc. (Loud cheers.) I look u})ou this as the legiti- 
 mate destiny of the people and countries belonging to the Empire, 
 and join heartily in the formation of a Canatlian branch of the 
 League as the best means to bring about that destiny. (Cheers.) 
 It must soon })ecome a practical ([uestion, an<l this meeting will 
 have an important eti'eet in furthering that end. (Cheers. ) I am 
 glad to se(! that in this city the ns-echo has hrst been heard of the 
 voice sounded in England, that in the thvst city of the greatest of 
 the Colonies, a movement has been taken up which will tend to 
 the perpetuation of the glory of the great Empire to which wc are 
 so proud to belong. (Cheers.) Nor can I see that any other 
 condition of things than what is contemplated in this movement 
 is re(|uired for the peaceful development and contentment of our 
 people. I regard it as the best plan for attaining the complete 
 national devek)iinu'nt of Canada. (Cheers.) Jiefore the close of 
 this century, Canada will probably liave a population of litth; less 
 tlian ten millions, and it is neither possible nor desirable that such 
 a ]i('oj)le should long remain without the highest national attributes. 
 (Cheers.) It is then natural and iitting that our young men 
 should look into tlu^ future, and consider what is the highest 
 destiny our peoj)le art; capable of attaining to. (Hear, hear.) I 
 have heard some people say that the (juestion is not pressing, that 
 no change is proposed, and that it is therefore unnecessary to 
 anticipate it. 15ut, ladies and gentlemen, do you not know that 
 in this very city, from this very i)latform, expressions have been 
 heard from gciiitlemen in prominent positions in puldic life look- 
 ing toward.s Independence? I am happy to say that tiieir 
 expressions liave failed to meet with any favourable resj)ojise from 
 our people, (Cheers,) but the existence of such a state of all'airs is 
 the best justification for the formation of this organization. ,IIear, 
 hear.) It is our duty to demonstrate that such an ideal is not the 
 true one ; that our welfare is bound up with that of the 
 Lmpii'e. \Vc could have no higher aml)ition or greater as])iration 
 tliau to become an integral part of that great Knn)ire 
 in every sense. (Chticrs.) (Mir interests, political, social and 
 intellectual, will be best subserved l)y our entering into a 
 close and ]>er[t(^tual partnership with the ^^othe^ Country antl the 
 other self-governing parts of tlie lU'itish Knipire. (Cheers.) The 
 formati(Ui of the League in England was the oiler held out to us of 
 friendship and of such a partnership, and tiiis should meet a 
 hearty res[)onse from our people ; for I am sure there is among us 
 a wariUj deep-seated determination to remain true to the Kmpire, 
 and to seek national manhood in conjunction with all its parts. 
 The formation of the Canadian Ih'anch is intended to give expres- 
 sion to this response, and also to promote discussion of the means 
 
u 
 
 of giving effect to the idea. This can bo accomj»lislied without a 
 revohition. One revohition lias settled that Colonists should not 
 be taxed without representation. It has since been found that the 
 Colonists are well fitted for responsible government, and the prf)b- 
 lem has yet to be fully worked out, What are the best conditions 
 on which full responsil>le government shall be maintained in a per- 
 manent unity of all the communities composing it 1 We are all 
 prepared to shoulder a musket in defence of the mother land, and 
 she is e<iually ready to do the same by us. [Cheers.] If that 
 sentiment fills every loyal heart, there can be no harm in putting 
 in definite terms the i:onditi()us under which we can be culled 
 upon to stand shouUler to shoulder. [Cheers.] P>ut I fear 1 am 
 forgetting my i)romise to be brief. I repeat that I greatly ap- 
 preciate the honour done me in electing nie President of this 
 branch of the League, anil I trust its formation will contribute 
 something to the solution of the ditliculties surrounding the work 
 we have now taken on hand. 
 
 Mr. ^McCarthy's address was listened to attentively, and 
 received with much applause and enthusiasm. 
 
 MR. McGOUN, the secretary, 
 
 Tlien read a letter from Senator Gowan,* who was prevented by 
 illness from leaving his home in Harrie, but wished to be " counted 
 in " among the supporters of the movement. The second letter 
 was from ^fii. .Iamkh C. Pattkkson, ^I.P. for Xorth Essex, who 
 liad been at the afternoon meeting, but was called away from the 
 present one. It was addressed to the Chairman and congratidated 
 him warndy on having identitiiid himself actively with this impor- 
 tant movement, and believed that it would contribute essentially to 
 the ailvancement of the cause. Kkv. .Iames P>auc;i.ay f came to 
 the Hall before the meeting and expresseil his regret at n(jt being 
 able to remain, as his duties in jireparing to leave for the X'oith- 
 West with the Garrison Artillery as their Chaplain occU[)ied 
 him fully. 
 
 The first resolution was then moved by I*rofessor Schurman 
 and seconded by Mr. Mc^^eill, M.P. 
 
 * Hon. J. 11. fJowAN of Bairie Ont., forintn-ly .a (listrict judge, ;i coimi'.i.s- 
 aioner for consolidating tho stiituto.s of Canada, Chairman of thi! Hoard of 
 Public Instruction, retired from the Board 188^ ; recently apiiointod to the 
 Senate. 
 
 t Of St. Panrn Ciiurch, I'rchibyterian, Montreal, who a few weeks ago 
 read a masterly paper on Imperial I'ederation, the last of a weries of papers on 
 Canadian History, delivered throughout the winter before the !; t. Paul's 
 Church Young Men'u Association. 
 
25 
 
 PROFESSOR SCHIJRMAX.* 
 
 I think, Sir, that both the place and the time of our meeting 
 are of good augury for tlio Imiierial Federation League in Canada, 
 Avliich we have just formed. This city of ^Fontreal, whicli has 
 occupied so conspicuo\is a phiee in our past history, and wliich to- 
 day is our greatest centre not only of population, Ijut also of enter- 
 prise, wealth and coiuiuerce, is in itself a guarantee for the success 
 of the movement that, at the suggestion of its leading citizens, we 
 are now inaugurating. Ec^ually auspicious also is the time, for 
 this year is the 350th anniversary of the discovery of Canada. 
 And no one can look hack over the long reach of intervening 
 events to the day when Cartier Ih'st hmded, amid jubilant welcomes 
 of Indian warriors, on the vacant site of this now bustling city, 
 without being admonished l)y history itself to an invincible belief 
 in the pernumeiujy and the constant strengthening of the connexion 
 between Canada and the rest of the Empire. (Applause.) It is 
 true we have at prescmt a rising against our own authority among 
 some of the descendants, pure and mixed, of those once friendly 
 savages; but this insurrectian cannot bti long-lived. And, in any 
 case, is not the time when our brave citizen soldiers are asserting 
 over barbarism the sujjremacy of Canadian law, an opportune 
 moment for considering the best nuians of consolidating our whole 
 Empire, whose mission is the maintenance of peace, and the dillii- 
 siou of civilization ? (Hear, hear.) Sir, I believe the federation 
 of our Empire, which destiny has committed to this gtmeratitui, 
 though the uu)st dilhcult and thi; most complex, is yet the most 
 gliH'ious, task ever entrusted to statesmen. I see in it the far oif 
 event towards which the United Empire Loyalists moved at the 
 time of the American Revolution ; and, like other descendants of 
 those exiled martyrs, [ cherish the faith that their grantl idea is 
 destined to be realized. (Applause.) This hope Avould bo delu- 
 sive, it is true, if John Ih'ight wtire not astray in his assertion that 
 Caiuidian loyalty had its price ; init this meeting to-night, nay all 
 our history, proves that Canailian loyalty has not its price. 
 (Cheers.) It is the jewel of our soul, which we shall never barter 
 away. We have always resisted the Manchester and Lirniir.gham 
 schools when they declared the Colonies must ultimately break 
 loose from the mother country, and set up for themselves. And, 
 though in the past Ave couhl not overcome them by api)eals to 
 sentiment, we can now vauipiish them with the most palpable 
 material considerations. We assert that they themselves would be 
 the losers by the disruption, as all exi)erience shows that their 
 trade follows the flag. (Cheers.) Formerly they used to point 
 
 * Of Dulhousie UniverHity, Halifax, N.S. ; Luie Canadian Gilchrist 
 Scholar ; some time Humo Scholar in, and now Life Governor of, Univernity 
 College, London. 
 
26 
 
 ])roiully to tlioir triide witli the Ignited States, and, tluMkiiif,' more 
 of coininercc than of country, ja'oclaim that tlie Colonies and India 
 cost more they Avere worth. Jint the lajw; of time has altered all 
 that, and to-day "\ve find that of English produce and manufacture 
 the United States take only about $2 })er head of the })0])ulation, 
 Avhile Canada takes about $10, Capcf Colony about ^20, and 
 jVustralia about $40 per head of the jjopulation. (Applause.) 
 The amount of liritish export taken in Australia alon(! was hist 
 year ecjual to all that was taken in the I'nited States. (Applause.) 
 And India, Avhose entire tradt^ Cobden declared less than the cost 
 of its maintenance, now heads the list against the rest of the woi-ld 
 as the hrst recipient of English ex]>orts. (Hear, hear.) In view of 
 facts like these, which the unsentimental tJohn lUdl does n(»t mis- 
 read, it is no wonder tliat we now hear little in England of letting 
 the Colonies go, much less of thrusting them out of the Empire. It 
 is strange, indeed, that there ever should have been such a cry. 
 AVhy, this American continent was the apple of disc.)id among 
 European nations for a century and a quarter, of which jc'viod one- 
 half was spent in constant war. And when, after her struggles 
 with Spain, Holland antl Eiance, England emerged as 7nistre.ss of 
 the Avhole 2sorth American continent, she felt a noble and a just 
 pride in her own achievements ; while foreign nation^ testilied to 
 lier greatness, if not l)y admiration, 1)y deej) and unbounded envy 
 Then came the memorable schism in the Empire, and the indepen- 
 dence of the United States of America. And since that day there 
 have not 1)een wanting Englishmen to proclaim that England's 
 Uiission was to found colonics, but not to hold them, to protect 
 them in their infancy, but not to profit from their manhood. This 
 national self-di.strust is, 1 believe. Sir, founded on an illusion. It 
 j)roceeds on the su))position that as the old colonial ])olicy col- 
 lapsed, every colonial policy must collapse. Certainly the old 
 colonial systi^m could not endure. It was borroAved from the 
 Spaniards, Avho farmed the ncAv continent in the interest of Spain. 
 lUit it was at once unnatural and unendurable that Englishmen in 
 ^JeAv England should be reganled as the projx'rty of Englishmen 
 in Old England. And yet that A\'as very much the state of tlie 
 case. The Americans found their trade restric^inl in the interest 
 of the mother country ; they Avere not allowed to carr}' on their 
 OAVii industries; or, in the Avords of Lord Chatham, they "had not 
 the riglit to manufacture even a nail for a horse-shoe." NoAvontler 
 they extricated themselves from a positi(jn so abhorrent to their 
 sense of personal rights, and so outrageous to the dignity of human- 
 ity, (Hear, htsar.) liut. Sir, 1 must point out that those Avlio 
 argue from the Americari Revolution that the present Empire must 
 be disintegrated, overlook the all-important ditlerence that to-day 
 the leading Colonies are in possession of responsible government, 
 and have the sole control of those local aflairs, in the vexatious 
 
27 
 
 meddlinrr with wliicli Oeorffo III. luanaj^'od tn raise a rebellion. 
 AVe arc not now goveruud in tlie interest of the niotlier country, 
 but according to our own wislies. And had the lirst American 
 Colonies had our rights and liberties, 1 believe we should have had 
 to-day, instead of '■'>;;land and the United States, one great fed- 
 erated Anglo-Saxon l.nipire. (AjJidause.) ])Ut, Sir, if disintegra- 
 tion is an issue which history does not i)oint to, I need scarcely 
 say that abstract reasoning cannot make it proljabh;. \V(! some- 
 times hear that when Kmpires grow large they must divide. l>ut 
 I know no grountl for this ?«//,</. I imagine this view is a survival 
 of primitive times, when one might ask, with Aristotle, *' Who 
 could command in war if the jiopulation were excessive, or what 
 herald short of a Stentor could sjieak to them'?" Hut steam and 
 electricity have annihilated space and time ; and the fear of too 
 large a circumference of Empire is now as absurd as was the fear 
 of too large a centre in the Klizabethan age, when peoph; were 
 aghast at the growth of London, because, as they believed, the 
 head would be (lisj)roi)ortionate to the body ! I cannot begin here 
 to show how metaphors like this shape our thoughts and influence 
 our l)eli(!fs. j\Ien have become materialists from hearing the mind 
 descrilied as a waxen tablet. Jiil)li.;al imagery has given rise to 
 divergent religious sects. l»ut, surely, in politics we shall not 
 allow ourselves to be cheated by figures of speech into a ])elief in 
 the nee ssary ultimate disintegration of the Empire. Yet what 
 else is the saying of Turgot, which we tintl so often quoted with 
 approval, that " Colonies are like fruit, Avhich cling to the tree 
 oidy till ilioy ripen'?" I do not think this simile ever correctly 
 represented the relatit»n between mother (country and colony, and 
 least of all in Turgot's time, when the latter was farmed in the 
 interest of the former. Hut take the figure as we iind it : surely 
 nothing but our mental indolence leads us to see in it a proof of 
 ultimate disintegration. For when the ri{)e fruit dro})s, do not the 
 seeds strike roots into the soil, and, in time, surround the venerable 
 parent stem with a fon-st of youngi-r growth, whose congregated 
 trunks, and high overarching and interlacing branches, gaining 
 strength by their union, form a massive whole, which is able to 
 defy the winds and Idasts of time and circums'iance '? (Applause.) 
 I have been asked to speak here as a rei»nsentative — 1 fear, an 
 unworthy one — of .\ova Scotia ; 1)ut I aai a Prince Edward 
 Islander ; and I am glad to be al)le to show you on the Island seal 
 the lirst result of Turgot's fallen fruit. It rej)resents a small tree 
 inider a larger one, with the words parra siih hu/mti. The next 
 stage will be reached when our scheme of Imperial Federation is 
 realized, and our present condition of dependency l)ecomes one of 
 perfect equality. (Cheers.) For my own part, I cannot conceive 
 of our always remaining in a state of subordination to our fellow- 
 subjects in Great liritain. Every natiou that has life in it must 
 
28 
 
 grow and develop. Wc feel ilio young blood circling vigorously in 
 our veins, and wo look forward to a full national existence. Only 
 we want it within the Kiiii)ir(', not without. (Applause.) We 
 now manage our own internal all'airs. The time is coming when wo 
 shall have a voi(;e in Imperial airaira. To-day, if Great Britain 
 makes war on Kussia, our entire connuerce is crippled, yet we have 
 not a word to say in the matter. There is something unnatural in 
 this. Colonists ofl'er money and men to the mother country to 
 assist in h(U' wars : surely, as they are no longer children, it is 
 time they had some share in the administration of colonial and 
 imperial policy. l*rofessor Freeman, and others, are asserting, I 
 see, that the mother country can never relimiuish her suzerainty, 
 nor the Colonies escajjc from their vassalage, except by a complete 
 separation of their present relations. Jiut 1 do not think that is 
 the way Englishmen at home regard their brethren beyond the 
 seas. They know we are of their stock, and must be freemen ; but 
 I hope they now know we aspire, not to separation from them, but 
 to a strengthening of the present coiniexion, by the assumption on 
 our part of a fair share of the responsibilities and burdens of full 
 liritish citizenship. (Hear, hear.) I shall not. Sir, longer occupy 
 your attention. But, as in bringing home this subject to the hearts 
 and bosoms of the English peonle, the Imj)erial Federation League 
 in England will be of prime iriportance, I shall close by moving 
 the following resolution : — Thao this meeting hails with satisfaction 
 tlie formation in England of the Imperial Federation League, 
 having for its object the maintenance of the permanent unity of 
 the Empire. (Applause.) 
 
 MR. McNeill* 
 
 Was Avarmly greeted on rising, and in seconding the resolution, 
 said : — Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, AV^cre I to say 
 that it atlbrded me pleasure to be here to-night, and to be privileged 
 to take part in these proceedings, I should very inade(piately 
 express what I feel on the present occasion. For many years it has 
 been the hope that lay nearest my heart in reference to matters of 
 public interest, that I should live to see the day when a movement 
 should be inaugurated, having for its ol)ject the consolidation of the 
 noble Empire of which it is our glory and privilege to form so im- 
 portant a part. (Hear, hear.) I have been told it was a dream ; 
 but, sir, I have maintained that it had at least the advantage of 
 being a pleasant dream — a dream of youth, and power and beauty 
 — not a hideous nightmare of discord, dissolution and decay. 
 (Cheers.) But I said it was something better still : that it Avas a 
 dream that would come true. ]\lr. Chairman, the dream has come 
 true. (Hear, hear.) We find that the movement has been inaugu- 
 rated ; and we find that the men who have identified themselves 
 Avith it in England are no dreamers, but the very flower of British 
 
 * Alex. McNeill, of Wiarton, Ont., M.P. for North Bruce. 
 
20 
 
 statesmen, statesmen both Liberal an<l Conservative, and, above all, 
 men especially noted and famed for practical common sense and 
 business capacity. (ITear, hear.) Tn all England there, are not tt 
 be found two men who, in that practical, sober-minded country, are 
 more respected for those very (jualities than Mr. Forster, (loud 
 cheers,) — the man whom I so well reiiKjmber winning for himself 
 golden opinions, alike from political friend and ftte, l)y his conduct 
 of the Education Policy of the Liberal party — and ^Ir. Smith, the 
 statesnum of business par cirrllcticr, who was appointed by Lord 
 BeaconsHehl to be his First Lord of the Admiralty. (Hear, hear). 
 These men, as you all know, have both declared tluur belief — ^Mr. 
 Forster actually becoming President of the League, and iMr. Smith 
 moving the nuiin nisolution at the first i)ublic meeting held in con- 
 nection with it in England— that this great conception of a federa- 
 tion of the Mritish Empire is tio men; i/rmii/, but a so])er (piestion 
 of practical politics, (hear, hear,) a question surrounded with diffi- 
 culties, it is true, but dilliculties ])y no means insurmountable, and 
 a question of incalculable importance to every member of the British 
 Empire. (Cheers.) But, indeed, I doubt if ever there was a pro- 
 posal of a political nature sulimitteil to the })eoplo of England 
 which has evoked such a chorus of approval from statesmen of 
 every school of political thought as has this proposal for consolida- 
 tion of the Empire, Whig and Tory, Conservative and Radical, old. 
 and young ; men, who, like Lord Grey, the Xestor of Hritish 
 politics, have spent a long life in the study of Lnperial politics in 
 special reference to their bearing \\\)on Colonial interests ; men 
 like Lord Lornc (loud cheers,) and Lord Xormanby, who have 
 accpiired i)ractical experience of the workings of Colonial institutions 
 in the Colonies themselves ; Sir M. IL lieach, so recently Colonial 
 Secretary ; Lord Carnarvon, (cheers,) whose name is so intimately 
 associated with our own confederation ; Lord Koseberry, (ringing 
 cheers repeated over and over,) the rising hope of the Liberal party 
 in the House of Lords, a member of the present Imperial Govern- 
 ment, and notoriously one of 'Mv. Gladstone's most intimate 
 personal friends ; Mr. Joseph Cowen, the Radical member for 
 Newcastle ; Lord Shaftesbury, whose name is held in reverence 
 for its connection with every good and great entisrprise ; Lord 
 Salisbury (cheers), the leader of the Conservative party ; all these, 
 and many more of England's best and Avisest have united in 
 approval and support of this movement, and have declared their 
 belief that the object we have in view is practical, is attainable, and 
 is eminently calculated to benefit not only England and England's 
 Colonies, but the whole human race. (Applause.) Now I think, 
 Mr. Chairman, it behooves us to remem])er that these men are — ■ 
 many of them — politicians of great and varied experience, not 
 merely in reference to such questions as those with which Ave are 
 ourselves familiar, but also as to questions Avhich in this connection 
 
30 
 
 are scarctily less iinjiortant ; (lucstions of wliich wo liiivc had little 
 t'xperii'noe, qufsti(»iis ('(niiphjx and far n'acliing in thoir am 
 soijuoncos. I mean (piostions of foroi<,'n policy, Kcarod and 
 trained in an atin()s])li('r(', wliic.li is cliar^'cd witli tlic axioms and 
 traditions of fort-i^'n poli<:y, iraincd in tlic, study of those delicate 
 and complex conditions which j,'overn th(! relations of nations to 
 on(i another, these expi^rieiiced statesmen have nnaniniously 
 arrived at a very j^'rave, to my mind a very solemn, conclusion — 
 and this is that the i)resent relations of the dilVerent mendx-rs of 
 our Empire to one another cannot last, (hear, hear,) and that dis- 
 ru])tion of the Kmpire will surely take j»lac(! (1 do not mean im- 
 mediately) unless we adoj)t means to i)revent what I venture to 
 assert would, in the opinion of ninety-iune hundredths of the peoj»le 
 of this country, bean intlescrihahle injury to us, and, in the opinion 
 of many, avouM be a calamity to maidvind. (Hear, hear,) These 
 uien, wh(» have many of them so long and so carefully studied the 
 I)olitical lu^rizon, with a special view to discovering,' and providing 
 against impending mischief, have discovered then", it may be the 
 cloud no bigger than a man's liand, it may be but a rising 
 mist, but they have discovered on the political horizon that 
 which to th(!ir practised eye is, m the (qrinion of tlwm all, 
 a certain sign that precautionary measures are imperatively re(piired 
 if we would, as 1 have said, avoid a disruption of the Kmpire. 
 (Cheers.) And, therefore, the English members of the League 
 were prepared to accept unanimously the pro[)osition that our solo 
 choice lay between Federation and Disintregation. (Hear, hear.) 
 Eut, whether we are or are not prepared to accejit this proposition 
 unreservedly, we can, I think, see for ourselves very clearly some 
 of the dangers by which the unity of the Empire is beset. All 
 those who have the interest of the Empire at heart nn»st have 
 viewed with pain and alarm events which have recently taken 
 place in Australasia and in South Africa. It is ([uite true that the 
 sentiments of loyalty to the ancient throne of Britain, of affection 
 for the old ^Mother Land, and of devotion to the Empire have 
 gloriously Avithstood the strain. Ihit such a strain ought never to 
 have l)een imposed upon them, the repetition of such a strain would 
 be attended with the gravest i)ossi1>le danger to the integrity of the 
 Empire, and under existing circumstances there is nothing what- 
 ever to jn-event a repetition of similar suicidal policy on tlie part 
 of the Colonial office. Or, again, suppose England engaged in a 
 war with some of the Euro|)ean i)Owers of which (Ireater IJritain 
 disai)proved, what a strain and shock it would be to Lnperial 
 unity were our territory invadcnl, our shipping destroyed, our 
 homes laid desolate, as an incident in the prosecution of a war, in 
 the declaration of which we had not only no voice, but against 
 wh.ich, had W(^ been consulted, we would have ])rotested with all 
 our might, And then we can all see that as the young giants of 
 
ni 
 
 the Imptn'ial family liecoiiu! older so do tlicir wmits and re(|uiro- 
 monts, ay, and their aspirations too, dtivelop. (Hear, hear.) vVnd 
 so AV(! liav(^ looniinj^f up Ix'foro us tlie great i[U((stiou as to the powers 
 which the coloni(!s should possess to make treaties for themselves, 
 and we can all readily see that such powers conferred upon tho 
 colonies must necessarily give rise to questions of the greatest in- 
 tricacy and (h'licacy and danger, while, if they are not grantetl, 
 agitation of a serious nature may l)e stimulated. (Ileiir, hear.) 
 And, tlierefore, 1 think it must he evithiut to us all that there aro 
 dangerous elements of insecurity an<l instal)ility inherent in tho 
 unorganized relations at present subsisting hetween the diU'erent 
 meml)ers of tin; Empire. (Hear, hear.) Now what we want to 
 achieve by this Federation League is simply an organization of the 
 Empire — a careful organizationof the great fonieswhicih lie scattered 
 about ready to our hand — a careful marshalling of them so that they 
 may not counteract one another, but work together for the common 
 good, that tluiy may work for consolidation ratherthan fordisruption ; 
 (cheers) that tluiy may work together for the maintenance and de- 
 velo[»ment, and defence of common interests, rather than that they 
 should become more and more sources of dilliculty and elements of 
 daiigtu". (Cheers.) It is not for me to take up the time of this 
 meeting in expressing my personal views as to ln)W tliis great work 
 can be best accomplisluul, what ])articular organization would bo 
 best suited for the re((uirenu'nts of the case. I have long enter- 
 tained strong o])inions on that subject, liut details are for tho 
 future. For the; ])resent it is sulhcient for me to know that tho 
 leaders of both the great political ])arties of the Pominion and tho 
 Premier of Ontario have expressed a])i)roval of the ohjcct wc havo 
 in view, (cheers) and that there is a concensus of opinion among 
 many of the ablest, wisest, most practical, most exjierienced states- 
 men of England tliat a ])etter organization of the Empire is attain- 
 able; (hear, hi.'ar) that it is possible to gather together the memljcrs 
 and mighty fragments of the Empire, and weld them into one 
 great harmonious civilizing, freedom-giving, ])eace-compelling 
 ))ower. (A])i)lause.) And to the young Canadian, whose spirit 
 kindles at the Iturning thoughts of glorious days yet in store for 
 his fair young Canada, I would say : — Is there not here to be found 
 a peak — a height — -where even tho soaring amintion of the purest 
 and most ardent })atriotism might well fold her weary wings 1 
 (Louil ch(!ers.) Is there to be dreamed for any nation a prouder, a 
 more glorious destiny than that she should l>ecome one of the most 
 potent factors in the mightiest and the noiilest Kmpire ev(>r known 
 to man? (Cheers.) The words of one of England's greatest sons, 
 written in a far distant day, and with a far different significance, 
 lead to me almost propluitic of the sudden awakening of Knglaud 
 to-day to the full api)r(!ciation of the importance of this great issue, 
 and prophetic also of the attitude of those who would preach to us 
 
 ! 
 
32 
 
 the. (lisnu'inlxTiunnt of our Eiiipiro iiiidor tlic },nii8c of whdt llicy aro 
 j»I('iis(Ml to ciill " In(l('])(Mi(I('noe." Nearly two ccnttiricH and a half 
 aj,'o -Idliii Milton wrouj :" l^^ctlullk.s I sec. in my mind a iiohlc 
 and i)uissant nation rousing Ina'solf liku a .stntnj,' man after slcej), 
 ftnd shaking her iuvincihk', locks; methiidis I see licr us an liaglo 
 mewing her mighty yonth, and kindling her unda/.zled eyes at the 
 full mid-ilay ])eam ; purging and unsealing her long al)used sight 
 at the fountain itself of heavenly radiance ; whih' the wliole noise 
 of timorous and Mocking hirds, with those also that love tin; 
 twilight, flutter about, amazed at what sIk; means, and in thctir 
 envit)us gabble would prognosticate a year of sects and schisms." 
 (Applaus(!.) Sir, we have no sympathy with those who, "in their 
 envious gabble," would prognosticate a period of sects and schisms 
 for th(! J'lmitire of Kngland. (Loud cheers.) We l)elieve that 
 tliere is in ston; for the mighty Ih'itish Kmpiri' a .somewhat nol)ler 
 destiny than a (h^stiny of dism(!m])erment. We believe that the 
 descendants of the men who founded the Kmitire can, and will, 
 preserve; the Empire. (Clu'ers.) We ''ulieve that the Korsters 
 and Chamberlains, the Salisburys and Carnarvons, — ay, and tho 
 Langtivins and Chapleaus too, — tin; lUaktis and Mackcnzie.s, the 
 !^^acdonidds and .McCarthys (loud and i)rolonged applause) ; 
 wo believe that tlie 1,500 wlio with scanie food to eat or 
 water to drink traversed the burning ))lains of Africa and 
 withstood the desperate! onslauglit of 10,000 Arab warriors, and 
 .still pres.sed on to their goal (cheers) ; tin; men from our own 
 Canaila, wlio guided the whale-boats through the rapids of tho 
 Nile (renewed cheers) ; our brothers ami friends from Aus- 
 tralia (great and long continued applause) who fought our 
 Empire's battles in the Soudan, and are ready, ay eager, should 
 occasion arise, to light them again on the borders of Afghanistan ; 
 the hero of the marvtdlous march from Cabid to Candahar (cheers) ; 
 tlie martyr of Khartoum, whoso name thrills the inmost libres of 
 our being (loud cheers) ; and last, but not least, our own Canadian 
 boys, who, from ever*' quarter of the Dominion, ])res,sed to the 
 front in the hour of neeil, and have already done deeds of valour 
 and endurance of which veterans miglit well be jjroud (loud cheers) 
 — we believe, I say, that these men are all of them cast in tlie .<^elf- 
 .same mould and fashioned of the solf-same mettle and tem])er as the 
 men who, in the days of old, by their wisdom and by their valour, 
 won for us this glorious heritage, where justice, law, and liberty 
 are V)lended, as never in the Avorld before. (Loud a[)plause.) Wo 
 b(dieve, I .say, that these men, or such as tliese, can and will pre- 
 serve to us our matchless empire (hear, hear) — that they will guard 
 it and keep it whole (hoar, hear) — whether it be from foes with- 
 out or traitors within. (Applause.) IJut thoy must iise the means. 
 
 "Tho fated sky 
 GivcH US fret 
 
 ,pe 
 
 >l.y. 
 
 I> 
 
 Our slow designs, whoa wo ourselves are dull. 
 
33 
 
 T will f.on('hi(l(', ^^l■. Chairman, by (|U<)tin^' from the P(jet r.aurtiuto 
 lines, which ani, I think, very ap|tr(i|»riatc at tho pruHunt timi; : 
 
 " Hiui(lf< all niiind ! (!<k1 Urn traitm-H' liiipt' eiiiifi>\inil ! 
 To tilt) |,?rtMit cauMi) iif FnM'ildiii, drink, my frit'iKJK. 
 And tliu gri'ut uauiv of Kii^hiiul round and round. ' 
 
 The speaker rosnniucl his «oat amid loud and liearty applause. 
 
 The second resolution was moved by the Kev. John Potts, I ).!)., 
 of the, St. dames Street ^lethodist C'hurcli, Montreal, seeondeil liy 
 (leoryc! K. K. Coekl»urn, M.A., one of the delegation from Toronto. 
 
 ])R. roTTS .said : 
 
 It was only a few minutes ago that my friend, the Chairman, 
 requested me, to move the resolution which 1 now hold in my 
 hand. 1 am, howt^ver, ready at noon, at midnight or at, the cock- 
 crowing to testify to my admiration of, and profduml loyalty to, 
 tlui Ih'itish Crown. (Cheers.) 1 helicne there never was a time 
 when this loyal interest in the welfare of the Empire was more 
 uiuv(n'.sal than at the presimt. A great deal has been said about 
 disaffection in Ireland, but what is the fact? From the very 
 moment that llis Koyal Highness placecl his foot upon my 
 native sod, until he left it again, his journey was one grand 
 triumphal progress. (Ut'ar.) A feature of the times, worthy of 
 note, is the increasing knowledge of and interest in this Donnnion 
 of ours that is permeating all c,lass(!s of the i)eople in other lands, 
 1 liave personally observcnl this. On each successive visit to the 
 mother country I have found a marked im]trovement in this 
 respect. Last year when 1 was t)ver I found all eyes turiie(l 
 toward our great North- AVest, now unha})pily the scene of dark 
 foreboding and strife. It is indeed a sad calamity that has befallen 
 our young country. Hut I am not inclined, even at this hour, 
 which looks dark (Uiough indeed, to take a ]iessimist view of the 
 troubles. Let the rebellion be put down promptly. This is as 
 clearly as can be the duty of the hour, and above all things let the 
 Icaili'fs be suitably punished, and in a short time we shall .see a 
 mucli greater strain of immigration in that country than wi^ have 
 up to the present dreamed of. Everyone's attention is attracted 
 toward it, and what we Avant is a vindication of the jtower of the 
 central government to inspire conH<lence. (Hear, hear.) This 
 Imperial PVderation movement has for its object to bring closer 
 together in a bond of common sympathy all portions of the 
 Empire. (Hear.) It is not conceived in any unfriendly spirit 
 toward the p(!ople to the .south of us. Tlu; relations existing Ijctween 
 them and us were never more cordial than now. (Cheers.) 
 While, however, this is the fact, there is no feeling in this country 
 in favor of our annexation to the; United States. (Cheer.s.) Some 
 speakers have said that annexation is prusqnted to our country as 
 
34 
 
 an altcriuitivc dostiny witli iiult'pcinliMicc. I <lt» not I»'iIi«vo our 
 ]H'o|il») tliink of c'innoxation for a moment. I liavo been goin^ up 
 and down lldn countrv fitr thirty yc^ars and liavc! never met an 
 annexationist. They must he a very insi^milieant set in(h'ed. No 
 ataUisman daro c(»mmit liimself to annexation. (I[ear.) Thu 
 (lovernment that pruposed it would he Inirh-d from power. Krom 
 the Atlantic to thci I'aeilie there is hut one feeling,' and that is ono 
 of intense hiyalty and (hiV(ttion to the liritish thron<^ The poliiiy 
 of the coh)nial oHic(! is fre(piently eriticized as narrow, hut those 
 critics woidd (h) W(dl to scrutinize our own attitude and seo 
 wh(!ther wo are always alto},'ether ])Iam(!le-<s. (Hear, hear.) Tho 
 signs of the timi^s show this Imperial Federation movement to ho 
 opl)ort»ine, ami [ wish it (>very success, having for it.s ohject tho 
 fostering of hiyalty and the ])reservatiiin of the integrity of tho 
 world-wide empire. 1 have, therefore, much ])leasur(! in moving : 
 That this inei^ting is glad to know that the Imperial Federation 
 movement is heing promnted hy leading statesnuoi of all parties in 
 the United Kingiiom and the (^donies, helieves it is deserving of 
 the thoughtful attention of the people of Cana<la, approves of tho 
 formation this day of a Canadian hraiudi of tho league, antl heartily 
 wishes 8ucce8.s to tho '* Imperial Federation League in Canada," 
 
 MK. COCKHUKN 
 
 AVas intro(bu!ed by the Chairman as a man who was not yet in 
 public life, but he hoi)ed to see him so soon. lie came as one of 
 the (hdegates from Toronto. Afr. C(»ck]inrn made a most vigorous, 
 witty and pointed address. ll(! said : — It is a great pleasure tome 
 to see that this lmi)erial Federation movement is being pushed by 
 all the leading statesmen of all ])arties in the United Kingdom and 
 tho cohuiies, and that it is a movement in which party politics 
 arc wholly ignored. It is a .step from which Canada has every- 
 thing to gain and nothing to lose. AVe are invited to give 
 it our thoughtful attention, and most cordially will we do so. 
 We are urged to unite more closely our f(jrtunes Avith the mother 
 land. yVa are sharers in tin* great glories of her itdieritance in 
 literature, science and art, and we are bound to her by the tender 
 ties of a deep seated atFection. (Ihsir, hear.) Hut apart altogether 
 from this loving national sentiment that binds us, j)erhaps more 
 closely than avo imagine, and is a most potent factor in mijulding 
 a peo[)le's history, I think that on the basis of commercial advan- 
 tage alone we have here a partnership offered to us which we 
 should be very foolish to reject. We have only to look at 
 statistics to prove that the trade follows the flag, and that tho 
 trade of (ireat Britain and her colonies and dependencies now 
 reaches nearly £400,000,000 sterling. We should have a fair 
 share of this mighty commerce, and as members of the IJritish 
 commonwealth, resident in Canada, we should enj(.)y the same 
 
Sft 
 
 ri^^'lits, [Militiciil iiiul coiimitd'fiiil, which iirt! imw poHHeHsctl liy luir 
 fj'llttw-i'ctuiitryiiH'n in Krij^'Ininl. Such a |i;n'tii»'rshi|t wdiiM In- of 
 t'Miiriintiis viihm in hiutl rash ti> iis. And lu enter such ii |p.'irtnrr 
 ship we sliiill sdtin 1m^ ready. (Hear, hear.) Lanmhi has been ii 
 youn^' child, liut has out^'vown on*! suit of ch)th(>H after anitther, 
 lias — to iiso Hclioollioys' hmj^'uage — hurst his breeches, (lauf^diter 
 and ap|thiUKe,) ami must soon m'i a man's outlit. This we eim 
 luive in Im|ierial Keih'nition. (Cheers.) 
 
 The IIOX. SKNATOK I'H'.MP. 
 
 Moved the third resohition whicli "eail as follows : That this 
 nieetinj,' desires to riTonl its opinion that no sehemo of federation 
 would he acceptahl(! to tin* jM^ople of Canada, that would interfere 
 with the ri-,dits of self-;^'ov(U'nment in their internal affairs which 
 they at present enjoy. 
 
 MR. PLC MP. said 
 
 The objects of this nieetinL; have lieen al)ly stated, and the 
 resolution which I have the honour to propose is oik! that is strictly 
 in H(!cor<lan(M! with the principles uiion which the Federation Lea^nie. 
 lias been fonniul in l''.ni,dand, and which has licen ad(i|)leil to-day as 
 jiart of tlu! constitution ui the branch Lea^nu' in Canada. (Hear, 
 hoar). Fears have been expressed at the outset, that the ori>,'inators 
 of the movement desij^'n it to take away from the Colonies that [ter- 
 fect independence of action in the maiia^'cnient of their inter- 
 nal affairs which they now enjoy — the full lil)erty that should be 
 jealously guarded, aj^ainst any curtailment or tuicroachment. The 
 resolution announces, in em|ihatic lanj.,nia,L,'e, that no intcrferi'nce 
 liavinj; su(di ellecl will be tolerated, and it goes no furtlu'r than the 
 express reiterated declarations of i\w fovniders of the lA'ague in their 
 addresses at tlu; meetings in London, and the formal enil)odiment 
 of thost! declarations in the resolutions adopti'il l)y the Conferenct! 
 of the 18th of November. It is evident that there is no intcmtion 
 of interfering with lho.se rights whicli the (Colonies hold so dear. 
 (Hear, hear). Thi^ mlvocatcs of Imperial Federation, while they 
 are actuated l)y the hopi; that they may recreate a united Lmpire 
 on a grander and more substantial footing, ])eli(!V(^ that strength 
 for mutual objects can be best attained by perfect fn^iMloin in the 
 management of internal affairs, l)ut that the prestige and jiower to 
 l)e secured by a national union of tlu; gi'cat component paits df the 
 Empire, the densely populated busy centre with the illimitable 
 circumference, s]»eaking a common language, holding the sanu' 
 allegiance, governed by tlu! same system of jurisprudence; and by the 
 .same constitutional authorities, and unittnl for the connnon dtd'tMK^e, 
 cannot be over-estimated. Such a iiuiou is well Avorthy the 
 highest thought and most earni^st effort of the Jiritish people. Its 
 uttainnient will promote the best interests of Uunumity, imd though 
 
sn 
 
 it is undoubtotlly surrounded by j^jreat difficulties, I do not bpJieve 
 they are insurmountaV)lo. (Hear, hear.) The first point to gain is 
 to fix the pu})lic attention upon tlie fact that sucli a union is in 
 every way desirable. The immediate need for it may not bo 
 pressing, but events of a most momentous character arc occurring in 
 other quarters of the globe which may forebode a great struggle, in 
 "which, who can say that we may not have a direct and vital interest t 
 (ILear, hear.) Tliere are certain national obligatii)ns that attach to 
 all communities. They are the price of liberty nnd of social 
 autonomy. Tlius far the brrthen has fallen upon us so lightly 
 that we have almost ceased to regard it, but, in some form or an- 
 other, it must be borne, and I alluded this afternoon to the alterna- 
 tives that cannot fail to present themselves to the people of this 
 Dominion, upon the most casual consideration of the subject. Upon 
 etmtingencics that may arise at any moment, we must face our posi- 
 tion and measure our responsi])ilities. We must, as part of the 
 Empire, share in the common protection and defence, (hear, hear,) 
 or jtroviile for our own i)rotection and defence as an independent 
 coiuitry, or seek })rotection and defence in a \niion with the groat 
 Rep(d)lic. I believe that the first and last of the three alternatives 
 are the only ones that are practical. The second means Independ- 
 ence merely in form. 
 
 The movement, tentative as it is, is entitled to the cor- 
 dial support of the public of Canada, and of its newspaper 
 press, which thus far, I regret to see, has not encouragetl it, 
 but has rather criticized it in a carping spirit for Avhat it lias not 
 proi) .-lod or formulated, or for what it could not be held answer- 
 able. Tlie English press has taken the opi)osite course, as will be 
 seen by reference to the extracts published by the League. The 
 promoters of the League have wisely abstaineil from formulating 
 any scheme by which the objects d(!sired should be attained. 
 (Hear, hear.) Such a scheme, liowever wisi; and well considered, 
 and complete, it would have been premature to propose at the out- 
 set, and the movement would inevitably have been handicapped-, 
 and possilily rcunlered aliortive altogether, by any attemjit to lay 
 down a hard-and-fast rule. It would have seemed like central 
 dictatiini to have done so, and would have created at once jealousy, 
 suspici.i.i and .active opposition. Hut everyone who reads the care- 
 ful utterances of the leaders of the organization, cannot fail to bo 
 struck by their breadth and earnestness, (hear, hear,) and by their 
 Avisdoju in avoiding details at the preliminary stages of di.scussion. 
 Eirst, let us make up our minds that wc; will have a closer union, 
 and the methods will ])e found to attain it. (Cheers.) It was 
 Avell said during the discussion in England, that it is the duty of 
 statesmen to overcome dilhcidties. That there are difficulties to be 
 overcome may be frankly acknowledged, but with an earnest will, 
 and an enlightened, patriotic, loyal endeavour, the difficulties will 
 
m 
 
 1, 
 11 
 
 he surmounted. (Cheers.) It seems unreasonable and ungenerous 
 to insist that wo shall come to a meeting like this with a constitu- 
 tion cut and dried. The British (Government has never yet found 
 its liberties endangered for lack of a written constitution. IJritish 
 freedom is secured by representative institutions, which are per- 
 manent in substance, but elastic in form, and which an; growing, 
 year by year, by natural processes, out of which the .system 
 of which we are now in search may be evolved. Absolute 
 parliamentary supremacy has only been attained during the 
 reign of the present beloved and honoured wearer of the crown. 
 (Loud cheers.) A few years more; or less are nothing iu a 
 natioiial existence. AVe can await events, but we can shape events, 
 and this movement is intended to familiarize tlie public mind with 
 the contemplation of a great and glorious a.^similation of all the 
 dependencies of the Crown with the central power, in one har- 
 monious whole, whose mission shall })e one of peace and good-will, 
 but who shall, under a common covenant, defend themselves and each 
 other against hostile aggression. (Cheers.) During the agitations and 
 discussions that preceded the Confederation of the I'rovinces now 
 forming this .Dominion, we were ccmstantly asked, AVhy should the 
 existing order of things l)e disturl)ed 1 AVhy attempt to reconcile 
 interests which seem naturally alien to eacii other? How could 
 the Maritime Provinces be brought into a federative union with 
 old Canada without a sacrilice for which they could not jtossibly 
 receive compensation ? The doubters were niany, the hostility 
 was bitter, the obstacles were discouraging, but mutual concessicm 
 and earnest ellbrt succeeded. Objections were waived in tlie 
 general interest, and the final result was due largely, no doubt, to 
 the spectacle of a fratricidal struggle at our very doors. Although 
 less than twenty years have ])assed since the pntvinces were 
 confederated, the progress of the Dominion since that time has 
 only been jiarallelled l)y that of the Croat Republic. AVe have 
 moved by leaps and boujids under the vivifying influences of oiu* 
 new life, with its jealous I'rovincial barriers olditiu-ated, and 
 Avith the wider scope given to intercourse auKUig ourselves, and 
 Avith other countries. (Cheers.) It is marvellous to note with how 
 little friction, comjtaratively, our new machinery has worked, how 
 little collision has occurred between local and general governments, 
 and with what harmony the several jtarts of the new structure 
 have been adjusted. (Hear, hear.) The advantages have already 
 snov/n themselves to be .such as to incclude the possiliility, what- 
 ever empirical agitators may attempt, of any move towards disin- 
 tegration worthy of serious attention. (Hear, hear.) The 
 federation of these I^rovinces is one of the grtsat llxed facts of this 
 century, and is an assuraiu'e that Ih'itish Law and Ihitish Institu- 
 tions are permanently rooted in the soil of the North American 
 continent. (Chcrs.) I n.stead of becoming weaker, I believe that 
 
 tt 
 
 i 
 
38 
 
 the tic '.vliich Ijinds Canada to tlie throne; will grow stronger. The 
 lucre closely it is considered, the niorc^ certain it is that loyalty 
 is no enijity sound. It is a part of the; nature of the descendants 
 of the ])rave men who left their homes at the period of the 
 Revolution and sacrificed everything for the old Hag. (Loud 
 cheers.) Tt is deeply rooted in the prepontlerent population of 
 law aiul order-loving (.^uel)ec. It warms the hearts of hundreds 
 of thousands of true men and devoted women in Nova Scotia, 
 New Jirunswick, the Eastern Townships and Ontario, and has 
 largely moulded the character of the peo]il<! who direct our 
 institutions. It is not a sentiment whose value can lie reduced to 
 a money standard. (Cheers.) It is not for sale or to ))e exchanged 
 for the sjieculative advantages of other alliaiu'es, no matter how 
 specious the promises or glittering the 1)ait. Those who hold out 
 such lures do not appreciate the repellant forces which spurn 
 them. (Cheers.) I can speak of the deep feeling of attachment 
 to the thron(! in Canada with personal knowledge. It was my 
 privilege, during three years of active [)olitical campaigning in '77, 
 '78 and '82, to he present at immense oi)en air gatherings of the 
 jHM)ple of Ontario, of the Eastern Townships and of this great 
 city, estimated in all at, at least, (500,000. Peojile of all 
 politics and of hoth sexes attended those meetings, and it Avas at 
 them that I first learned how iutidligent, orderly and ]»ros})erous 
 are thi^ great l)ody of Canadians. I will not say that they were 
 always in accord with my political sentiments, l)ut throughout the 
 whole of the progress, there was never an instance of disorder or 
 disturbance or an evidence of inscjhriety, and upon one subject 
 there was entire unaniuiity — that of our adhesion and attachment 
 to the Mother Country. Any reference to IJritish connection always 
 met with an enthusiastic response that gave evidence that there 
 was no jtartyism upon that ([uestion, hut that u\\ luMirts beat in 
 unison, in love and fealty to the throne. (Loud cheers.) For my- 
 self 1 was not born a British subject, but my ancestors held places 
 of great civil and military trust in the colonies under the Crown, 
 prior to the Revolution. I have been largely interested iu (."anada 
 for nearly forty years, have resided in Ontario for a (piarter of a 
 century ; 1 took the oath of allegiance after careful and earnest 
 consideration, and with the intention of keeping it as a true and loyal 
 subject. (Applause.) 1 have great resi)ect for the country of my 
 birth, and with an intimate acipiaintanci' with the political systems 
 of that country, and of the country of my adoption, I do not 
 liesitate to say that parliamentary government, with ])o\ver of dis- 
 solutiou, ministerial responsibility, a permanent executivt! head and 
 a iiominatetl judiciary, are advantages that lead me to jirefer our 
 system. (Hear, hear.) That of ministerial lesponsibility is well 
 understood by the leading statesmen of the Cnited .States to have 
 
30 
 
 a 
 st 
 al 
 my 
 ins 
 
 is- 
 iiul 
 (lur 
 n'M 
 ave 
 
 secured t(i us an iniiueasuraljle advantage in our representative 
 govornuieut. The luetliod i)f voting supplies is a elieek upon 
 expenditure wliicli grows out of ministerial responsibility, and it 
 seems unattainable under the American system. (Hear, hear.) 
 1 have often stated that the best interests of both countries could 
 be most ett'ectually promoted Ijy the most friendly commercial and 
 social intercourse as good neighliours, but that each should work out, 
 in its own way, its own destiny, according to its own political 
 instincts, necessities and traditions, moving in jtarallel lines 
 towards the attainment of their objects, but retaining their relative 
 positions with mutual respect and forbearance upon such lines. 
 (Cheers.) Cohmics are not in consonance with the genius of 
 the Kepublic, but Great liritain's glory consists in ♦he (heater 
 Britain, which eml^races one-seventh of the globe, and nearly 
 one (piarter of its population. (Hear, hear.) Eight million 
 scpiare miles, or nearly 65 tinu'.s the size of the United King- 
 dom, are included in the territorial possessions of the Kingdom, 
 and contain 39 administrative divisions, the entire cost of which 
 to England, exclusive of India, is stated by the Year Hook of 
 1885 to be but £2,013,040. (Applause.) It is an accepted 
 proposition that trade follows the Hag. While there is a grow- 
 ing disposition among Foreign countries to shut out England's 
 products bjf prohibitory tariffs, her trade with her Colonies is con- 
 stantly increasing. (Hear, hear.) The total traile of th(! Colonies 
 reaches 400 millions sterling. That of the United Kingdom is 
 695 millions. One-third of the export trade of the United King- 
 dom is to the Colonies, and about one-(iuarter of her imports are 
 from them. One-half oi the Cohuiial Imports are from (heat 
 Britain, and 46 per cent, of their exports are to Great Britain. 
 This enormous trade is only in its infancy. (Hear, hear.) To 
 what gi^-uitic dimensions may it not grow if the bonds of union 
 are not .st/'/erecH (Cheers.) Great objectitms have been urged 
 against Coloi ial Tarili's. Mr. Forster has suggested, that, as sejia- 
 rate states, ' e necessities for raising larger revenues would compel 
 the Colonic.-, i-o resort to higher tarill' taxation. This is Avell worth 
 considering. Then, ladies and gentlemen, what vast lields for 
 emigration do the English Colonies ju'csent, oiVering homes to the 
 surplus population of the mother country. Eook at our great 
 North- West as the future wheat-jiroducing district of the North 
 American continent, and note the duty resting on the statesmen 
 of Canada, to suppress eilectually the unlia]ipy disorders now un- 
 fortunately threatening those i)ioneer settlements. It is my belief 
 that out of the troubles will soon come i)ermanent peace and 
 security, but it awakens us to a sense of great national respon- 
 sibilities. The great fertile belt, Avhich the inventions of modeiii 
 science have brought nearer to the heart of England than the north 
 
40 
 
 of Scotland was fifty j'^ears ago, oU'ers a home for the enterprising 
 eniigrant, in which tlie constitutional rule of England may and 
 should bo ])crpetnated, and in which should he secured 
 
 "That Hober freedom out of which thero spriiign 
 (Jur loyal passion for our toinpcrate kings." 
 
 (Cheers.) Any effort towards strengthening the foundations u])on 
 which the common interests are based, anything which will keep 
 alive the loyal feeling which animates the colonist, and stimulates 
 his pride as a liritish subject, and nerves him to defend the com- 
 mon weal is a step in the right direction in these days when Com- 
 munism and Nihilism are preached l)y Anarchists anil illustrated by 
 dynamite. " We cannot look upon the seeds of time and tell 
 wliich grain will germinate and which fail," but, I believe that 
 we are now sowing seed, jn'omising ultimately to ripen into a har- 
 vest which will benelit humanity, and that through it Canada will 
 one day become an Empire within the Empire, second only to the 
 great centre itself. (Loud cheers.) 
 
 MR. GEORGE E. FOSTER* 
 
 Seconded this resolution, lie said: I congratulate you, ^fr. 
 Chairman upon the success of this initial movement, and 1 think 
 that one of the best results tliat would ilow from the accomi)lishment 
 of Imperial Federation has been in part illustrated in this meeting. 
 It would ])roaden the scope of public tlnnight, elevate the tone of 
 political discussion and lift us into a region of higher and healthier 
 aspiration, of which we have caught glimpses to-night. When I 
 see the gleam of pleasure and .satisfaction l)eaming on y(-'ir coun- 
 tenance to-night, which is so dilferent from the look iv often 
 bears, sir, at two or three in the morning [laughter and applau.se] 
 when our debates are going on in the House, I ask what is the 
 reason, and the answer I know is that your mind is filled with a 
 grander, nobler idea than those insi)ired by th(^ coidlict of party 
 strife. [Cheers,] It is olyected tliat Imperial Federation is only 
 an idea, and some seem to suppose that simply to mention that 
 fact effectually disposes of the whole matter. Ihit does it 1 Have 
 we gone so far in evt^i this work-a-day and |iractical age, that it 
 rei^uires but to dub a question as " only aii iilea " in order to for- 
 ever dispose of it'? Surely we do not forg(.'t what all history and 
 experience teach us, that the truly Imperial factors in all civiliza- 
 tion have been ideas, and that the truly great conijuerors in the 
 world, have been men who have had ideas. [Applause.] We 
 must go a little farther then, and find if we can what kind of an 
 ''ja this is ; and, if in our investigation we discover that it rests 
 upon grand underlying sentiments and deep aspirations of the 
 Anglo-Saxon race, we must admit its force and concede its power. 
 
 *Of Apohaqui, M.P. for King's County, N.B. 
 
41 
 
 Upon which then does it rest ? First, upon the broad, deep senti- 
 ment of patriotism which, talk as nicii ^"iUj is still a strong and 
 dominant entity in national life. [Hear, hear.] This fair Canada 
 of onrs claims our first love. ]>road in lands, rich in treasures, and 
 fidl of limitless possibilities, it appeals to every trne heart, and 
 calls forth the best energies and strongest devotion of its citizens. 
 [Hear, hear.] Jhit our patriotism reaches further, and across three 
 thousand miles of billowy wave embraces the grand old motherland 
 from whose loins we sprang, whose historic i)ast is our heritage, 
 whose present cannot cease to deeply interest ns, and for whose 
 future we are continually solicitous. [Cheers.] Canada is not the 
 limit of our patria ; it extends to every shore and land over which 
 the Ih'itish flag waves and British soldiers keep watch. [Cheers.] 
 In like manner Englishmen embrace with, patriotic devotion, not 
 simply their island home, bnt all that goes to nuike up the 
 (Jrealer Britain. To pluck one island or dependency from lier 
 broad possessions would contract tho Fatherland, and wound the 
 patriotism of Britons. [Hear, hear.] And thoughtful men here 
 and there are asking the question as to how this j>a^n'a may be best 
 preserved in all its broad integrity, how its widely exteniled parts 
 imiy l)e most closely united and uiost permanently established. Is 
 it any wonder that out of this deep, broad sentiment of patriotism 
 the idea of world-wide Federation has sprung 1 Tlien there is the 
 aspiration for progre.ssive interdependent developmiiut. A man 
 prospers best when those about lam keep pace with him ; one 
 part of a country is most truly progressive where its advancement 
 is shared by all the other parts. And so the feeling is growing, 
 and it cannot grow too rapidly, that the prosperity oi one section 
 of the Great British Empire is most fully assured when all other 
 .sections are int rested therein and mutually prosperous. [Cheer.s.] 
 We not only wish to get on ourselves, but we want to know that 
 the Australian Colonies, [cheers,] that India, that the Mother-land 
 are also getting on well. More and more it is seen that immense 
 possi])ilities of mutiud trade and correspondent prosperity lie in 
 the cohesion and sympathetic interests of all parts of the Empire. 
 The aspirati(ui for this progressive development leads thoughtful, 
 earnest men to consider how best it may l)e attaineil, and out of 
 this aspiration springs the idea of Imperial Federation. [Cheers.] 
 Again, there is the longing for security. Xo man works at 
 his best or enjoys the most, Avhilst the sword of Damocles 
 liangs above his head. So the worst state a country can 
 be in is a state of tincertainty as to whither it is drifting, 
 and what ellicient provisions ani made for reasonable safety and 
 security. (Hear, hear.) This longing for security is leading states- 
 men and thinkers onward to the contemplation of a close union of 
 all colonies and dependencies with the Mother-land, the extent of 
 whose territory, the numbers of whose people, the strength of 
 
42 
 
 whose armaments would bo the ahnost certain guarantee for the 
 security and peace of all. And fourthly, there is the aspiration 
 for perpetuity The younj,' num iustiui't with life and whose 
 every jmlse beats with hoi)e, turns with loathing from the 
 contemplation of decay, and longs for continued activity. 
 ]iehiud us lie the great civilizations of the past, sleeping in dust, 
 and marked by silent, crumbling monuments. Persian and 
 ]*wgyptian, Greek and Roman, they have lived, have died, and wo 
 wander in sad thought al)Ove their silent ruins. Hhall P>ritain, too, 
 greatest in civilization, widest in extent, most sjileudid in her light 
 antl trutli, die as these have died, while her glory passes to others'? 
 General and instinctive is the yearning that this Empire shall ru)t 
 share the fate of preceding ones, but that its age shall b(; con- 
 tinually renewed, its life perennial, its civilization perpetual. Out 
 of this deep and wide asjnration has been evolved the idea of 
 Imperial Federation, in which the new and the old .shall blend 
 together in an Empire stretching through every zone, prolilic in 
 every prcxluct, and practically illimital)le in variety and scope of 
 development. [Applause.] Sir, upon this basis of sentiments and 
 aspirations rests the idea of Imperial Federation, and resting upon 
 these it is at once removed from the region of the chimerical, and 
 placed in the van of those truly imperial ideas which have ruled 
 the world. AVhen shall it be realized 1 We know not, but we 
 can be patient and wait. [Hear, hear.] The iinuimeraljle mist- 
 motes escaping from lake and river, pass us in their wingless, in- 
 visible flight, and gather slowly in the far off measureless spaces of 
 Heaven. There, acted ui)on by nature's laws, mist-mote is added 
 to mist-mote and drop to drop, until shower and rill and stream 
 imite to form the broad resistless river, sweeping out with its rich 
 volumes of precious freight towards the deep sea. [Api)lause.] 
 Classes of shapeless ne1)ula' lie far out in the regions of space. Age 
 grows into age and cycle into cycle, but at last there springs out 
 into view the shapely and well ordered cosmos. So, from the 
 sentiments and aspirations of Anglo-Saxons, living where the old 
 flag v/aves, is being evolved the s]»lentlid idea of Imperial 
 Federation. Give it time and it will embody itself in an Empire 
 whose power, whose i)rosperity and Avhose permanence shall 
 eclipse all preceding civilizations. [Hear, hear.] But, says 
 one, granted that you have established the idea, it is im- 
 practicable. Sir, he is a bold man who to-day dares to assert 
 that any reasona])ly founded idea is impracticable. [Hear, hear.] 
 Till! unexpected has so often hai)])ened, the seemingly imj)robal)le 
 has so often been realized, that we live now under the consciousness 
 that we are every day walking on the verge of vast possibilities 
 which at any moment may flash their splendour of accomplished 
 fact full in our fac(!s. [Hear, hear.] The tallow dip of a few 
 years ago has given place to the electric globe which lights up the 
 
43 
 
 ill 
 
 
 he 
 
 intricacies of every alley, the mule trains and pack horses which 
 Itiit a generation since toiled across the Kocky Moui' tains have 
 been succeeded by splendid lines of railway, cutting the solid granite 
 into channels of continuous travel, and Nature's forces, aforetime 
 hidden and destructive, have been trained in a thousand ways to do 
 the service of man. [Cheers.] Half a century ago and few 
 were the statesmen who would have prophesied the safety and 
 success of the American Federation, yet to-day it stands stronger 
 than ever, [chuers,] meeting equally the testings of war and of 
 peace, wonderful in its elasticity and abiding in its strength. Why 
 should the itlea of a Federation of the British Empire be a whit 
 more impracticable 1 [Cheers.] But there are inilications which go 
 to rcMuovo this more and more from the region of the impracticable. 
 And one of these is, the rapid growth of the idea. The all power- 
 ful j\Ianchester School of a few years ago, where is it now so far 
 as tlie relations of Mother-land to Colonies is concerned 1 Within 
 a ])rief space of time, a wonderfully brief space of time, its teaching 
 has been dissipated, while in its place an almost luiiversal con- 
 sensus of thouglitf ul jniblic opinion tends towards the closest possible 
 union of all parts of the Empire. [Cheers.] Sir, if opinion in this 
 direction, in liritaiu and the Colonies, grows in the ensuing five 
 years as it has in the past live, no ililHculty will be too great to be 
 surmounted, no obstacle too great to be overcome, and no 
 force of disintegration will avail against the desire for closer union. 
 [Applause] Another and most significant indication has but latcdy 
 been afibrded. Men have been fond of telling us that the tie that 
 held the Empire together was but a rope of sand. Well, the day 
 of peril is the day of test. WIksu the Mother-land a few months 
 since proposed to relieve the gallant Cordon and to " smash the 
 Mahdi," what happened 1 Canada, New South Wahss and other 
 colonies vied with each other in loyal competition to send her sons to 
 do battle side by side with England's sons, and that, too, in an 
 aggressive war, far removed from the territory of each. A test 
 such as this proves conclusively that the hearts of British citizens the 
 wide world over beat true to tlie tliought of unity and permanence. 
 [Ciieers.] Again there is the miglit}', material, influence of 
 considerations of trade and pojiulatiou. Place together the present 
 aggregate totals of import and exi)ort trade between Britain and 
 tlu! Colonies, and alongside of that the possibilities which mutual 
 markets open out, and immediately the thought occurs as to what 
 might be accomplished in the way of reciprocal trade, if steps were 
 taken to unite on a systematic and definitt; plan for inter- 
 conuuercial development. [Hear, hear.] Then, too, while each year 
 hundreds of thousands of sturdy workers leave the Mother Country 
 to make homes and accumulate wealth in other lands, why should 
 these not turn their faces towards the rich, boundless resources 
 which invite them from almost every Colony 1 There they would 
 

 44 
 
 find a lot as prosperous as, and customs and institutions more 
 familiar tlian, tliry could hope to iiud under alien Hags. [Hear.] 
 Once nnitc the whole into a grand Federation, with etjual rights and 
 privileges of citizenship, and this stream of population would How 
 out to di.stant jtarts of a common country, ratlier than to enrich and 
 develo}) foreign countries. [Hear, hear.] The isolation of time 
 and distance is being rai)idly overcome. AVhat with the swift 
 steamshijjs, the ubiquitous railway, and the space annihilating 
 electric wire, the most distant parts of the Empire are brought 
 closer to the central head and to each other than in olden times 
 Avere the component i)arts of Greek or Roman Empires. The dis- 
 tribution of armaments, the ([uick transmission of executive 
 orders, the unecjualled facilities for travel, reduce in this age the 
 objection as to time and distance to a nnnimum, and constitute 
 a guarantee for easy and complete Governmental supervision. 
 And, sir, for those who desire peace and freedom from aggressive 
 wars, what greater guarantee could be given than the existence of 
 a wide and world-encircling Empire, uidimited in resources and 
 imp'-egnable in power ? Though not (piite the Tennysonian 
 iJream, may it not be the first stcsp in that great movement which 
 sonH3 time may eventuate in the " Parliament of man, the Eedera- 
 tiou of the world V [Applause.] These indications all seem to 
 me to point to the conclusion that the idea of Imperial Federation 
 is not so imi)racticable as some would have us believe, and that its 
 successful embodiment may not be very far distant. AVhen it 
 Wfis ])roposed in 18G4 that these various Provinces be joined into 
 one ])road and jjeaceful J)oniiiiion, we hailed the movement with 
 gladness and delight. How much more delighted should we be 
 if, after a score of years of successful progress, Canada should take 
 her honoured and rightful place as a member of that grand and 
 Avorld-wide Emi)ire, [Cheers,] where none are to be subjects of the 
 other, but all free citizens, with common rights, e(|ual privileges, 
 and mutual as[»irations. [Loud api)lause.] 
 
 Tlie last resolution was moved by Principal Ghant, of Kingston, 
 Out., seconded by IMii E. Cuow Pakeh, M.P. for Victoria, 
 ]]ritish Columbia. 
 
 PRINCIPAL GRANT* 
 
 Was introduced by the Chairman as the star of the evening, 
 and on rising was greeted by the audience with loud and hearty 
 cheers. He addressed the meeting as follows : — -The hour is now 
 getting late and many of you must think you should be getting 
 ht)me, where, perhaps, there is someone waiting 
 
 Gathering her browH lik<* gatliering storm 
 Nursing her wrath to keep it warm. 
 
 *George M. Grant, D.D., Principal of Queen's University, Kingst(jn, Out. 
 
45 
 
 (Kaughtcr.) I>nt I am goinf; to speak for If) or 20 mimitus, and if 
 that will not iiiakts a groat diHi-ronco to Airs. Caudle, you may stay 
 to liciir iiK!. I notice; on tin; platforiii and in the audienee thrco 
 gentlemen of my own cloth, the Very Kev. Dean Carmichael*, 
 liov. Dr. SUivensonf, and tht! Kev. Dr. I'ottsJ, tlireo men of 
 whom Afontreal nmy well he proud, and I f(!el that in addressing 
 them I iim addressing thousamls hesides those whom my voice 
 can now rea<'h. (Cheers.) The i'(!solution I am to move is as 
 follows: — "That it is the opinion of this meeting that any 
 selu^me of federation should cond)ino on an (Mjuitahle hasis the 
 resources of the Empire for the maintenanct! of common interests 
 and ade(juately provide for an organized defenci! of common 
 rights." Though this is not the time to formulate a coniploto 
 s(;heme of commercial or political federation of the Knii)ire, 
 it by no means follows that Eederationists are to do nothing, or 
 that they are fairly open to the charge of not being practical men. 
 If we can obtain frank and general recognition of the fundamental 
 jirinciple that is at the; basis oi the })resent constitution of the 
 l'jn])ire, so far as Canada in {)articular is concerned, and if we can 
 obtain a recognition also of what I believe to be immediately and 
 necessarily involved in the acceptance of this principle ; and if in 
 connection with this we can develop a passion at honu; and abroad 
 for the thorough unitication of the Em])ire, (applause;) we shall 
 liave done much, a great deal more, indeed, than those who plume 
 themselves on being ]»ractical politicians are ever likely to do. 
 (Hear, hear.) Cranted that we are occupied with what is only 
 foundation work, su'^h work must always bo done first. Xot till 
 that has been well done has the tinu'. come for erecting the super- 
 structure. And, according to our conception of the greatness of 
 the editice to be built, will bo the importance we .shall attach to 
 the foundation, and the patience we shall bestow upon it, with- 
 out feeling that any time has been lost. (Hear.) " Let us see 
 your plan;" " I'roduci; your constitution," cry out the critics Avho 
 are willing to produce for you a new constitution for the nation, 
 or th(; universe every week. A young gentleman Avho is now in 
 the hall told me this afternoon that he had a perfect scluiuie of 
 confederation drawn up, in which the functions of every citizen 
 and every component part of the new state and of the whole 
 organism, from the (^)ue(m on the throne to the meanest of her 
 sul>jects, were chuirly imd carefuly distinguished. 1 listened to 
 him respectfully, but 1 took the precaution not to ask to see the 
 scheme, and I was thankful that he did not oiler to read it to me. 
 (Laughter.) Last century the Abbe Sieyes had a cabinet full of 
 
 * Of St. George's Church, Church of England, Montreal. 
 + Of Emmanuel Church, Congregational, Montreal. 
 + Of St. James Street Methodist Church, Montreal. 
 
40 
 
 pi<fonn holes, in each one of which was a brand now constitntion for 
 Kran(;(>, (laughter) each difTcrent from the others, but I am not 
 aware that Knince asked for them or moulded herself npon any 
 one of them. '* (livo me the essence of your jthilosophy in a sc^n- 
 ten<'e," asked Madame de Stael, on her first interview with (loetho. 
 " Madame," was tlu; reply, " we don't do thing's in that way in 
 Germany." No, nor in Kn^dand either, nor anywhere among 
 English speaking peoples, mIioso constitution has grown and there- 
 fore changed from the days of that Alfr(>d who appealed in his 
 " dooms " to the pa.st ; not in England, where 
 
 " I'Vccdoiii brojidciis slowly down 
 From i)recedtjiit to precedent." 
 
 and where a step once gained is gaincfd forever. (Ai)planse.) AVe 
 take time wiien anything great has to lu; ddue. And this that we 
 propose is confessedly a gr„at work. "The palace is not for man, 
 but for Clod," •'^idd the greatest of the Hebrew kings, the man who 
 knew how to dream as well as how to act. That was his excuse 
 for spending long years in simply preparing for the work. The 
 ])alace was to be for man, for man's loftiest service, and therefore 
 it might well be called Ood's house. And this palace Avliich we 
 would Imild is for humanity and therefore for (!od. (Applause.) 
 To us, even the British Empire is not <an end, but a means. As a 
 simple historical fact, it has been in th(^ past the most powerful 
 and elficient of all national organizations in nouri.shing lil)erty, in 
 defending the jn'inciples of righteousnes.s, in developing maidiood, 
 in extending benefits to all classes, creeds and colours. (A})plause.) 
 And shall we let it perish 1 Shall we throw it aside, as if we could 
 divorce ourselves from so sacred a past without irnqiarable hurt to 
 ourselves 1 (Loud cheers.) We need it for ourselves, we need it 
 for the children who spring from our loins, we need it for our 
 children's chiltlren. I believe that this good world in which we 
 livo is to last for some thousands of years yet, and I dare not ileny 
 to the latest generation of Canadians any of the influences for good 
 that have been potent in determining our own character. (Applause.) 
 Another reason why we should willingly take time to the founda- 
 tion, is because the work we have on hand is not only great but 
 new. I am aware that this admission may be used by oiu- op[)on- 
 ents. Indeed, the great reproach against us is that we are proposing 
 something aljsolutely new under the sun. It is .said that an 
 Empire whose parts are separated by oceans ha.«s not the necessary 
 conditions of unity, and, therefore, that we are proposing an ini- 
 po.ssibility. I do not so read history nor the signs of our own 
 times. (Hear, hear.) To the petty kingdoms of Israel, Moab and 
 Edom, the world Empires of Assyria, Chaldea, Egypt, Medo-Persia, 
 must have seemed creations absolutely iu)w. The Empire of Alex- 
 ander the (Ireat was a greater wonder. Konie came next, and 
 
47 
 
 lI 
 
 tlK.'ii, as now, spoke " urM ct orhi." Kvery ono of tlicso great 
 Kiiipires contriltiiteil to tlie (levclopiiieiit of lumuiiiity iiinl to thu 
 pretlestilietl "fulness of times." \Vlieii the lloiiian Kliipire l)roko 
 up, the first liopc for Kurope was in its ])artial re-orf^'anizatiou liy 
 CiiarleniagiK!. Cliarles Y. ruled all the new world and mueJi of tlui 
 old. The ifreat Republic, to the south of us is a proof that freo 
 instittitions anil diversity of interests are, not inconsistent with 
 a wide-spread empire, (Hear, hear,) and that three great ranges of 
 mountains are no break to national unity. If then; could bo 
 i'lmpires in former times, wliose parts were separated l)y deserts, 
 seas and mountains, much more may there bo now. The char- 
 acteristics of our times are the, tendency to com1)ine, to dilfer- 
 entiation of ])arts in social and jjolitical organisms, and the practical 
 abolition of the impediments to union oiKut pnisented l»yspac(! and 
 time. Mut wliat we pro])oso is in a sense new. Kven were it 
 absolutely new, are not we the children of men who did new 
 things autl did them grandly 1 (Cheers.) When 1 am told that 
 it is imi)racticalile, I cannot forget that the last time 1 was in this 
 liall, the Newton of the nineteenth century— the Newton, at any 
 rate, so far as electricity is concerned made confession of sin on 
 l)ehalf of Section A of the Hritish Association, the section of which 
 lie is the illustrious President, because at a meeting not mcany 
 decades ago it had pronounced that to cross tlie Atlantic in a steam- 
 boat was impracticable. (liaughter and ai)plause.) The ocean 
 imites now rather than divides. It lias its roadways almost as 
 well marked as the streets of your city. AVliy, these roadways 
 may yet be lighted as your streets are lightecl. Who shall say that 
 we may not yet navigate the air, or travel under the surface of the 
 sea more comfortably than we now do upon iti Apart from all 
 this, nothing can be clearer than that w(.' must get rid of our old 
 ideas of the ocean. To Horaci! it was " dissocia])ilis." To us, it 
 is becoming more and more the reverse. (Hear, hear.) Already 
 it is cheaper to carry freight over three thousand miles of sea, than 
 over three thousand miles of land, and it may be that lu^fore huig, 
 seas will be described as uniting instead of separating countries. 
 At any rate, whateviir may he new, the heart of man is not new, 
 the heart with its memories and its faith, its associations and 
 its hopes. (Loud applause.) And now that science is over- 
 ciuning so completely the material obstacles that alone divided 
 those who entertained common sentiments, why should not the 
 heart lie allowed to be true to itself and its faith 1 Let the fullest 
 ])lay lie given to the nobler side of our nature that material condi- 
 tions will ]H'rmit, and before a thing is prououticed impracticalile 
 let it be tried. We intend then, let me say at the outset, to take 
 our time in connexion with this Avork. We shall be satisfied with 
 one step at a time, satisfied if in our day we not only li(.)ld what 
 we have, but advance an inch nearer to the desired goal. (Hear, 
 
48 
 
 hear.) Tho ono (|U(!«tion f(ir us is not, Tfi it dinicult, is it now, or 
 will it take loll;,' to Itriii)^' it about, Imt tiiis, Is it ri;,'ht? I said 
 that we iiiUHt uiulcrstaiid lirst of all what is tho fundiinicntal jtriti- 
 ciplt) at tli(! basis of our present eonstitntion. Wiiat is it? 'I'liis, 
 that wo arc now, le;,'ally, a i)art of tho British Kinpire. Wo aroas 
 niueli sulijeets of the (^hieeu, and we (M)uld lu', tried for treason hero 
 as rcNidily as if wo lived in Ivont or Caithness, ( )iir alle^^ianee, is 
 u fact, and a fact that ropn^sonts overythin;,' in tho past that has 
 niado ns what W(i arc. (Applause;.) It is from this basis thaf 
 nuist always start when we think of our future. What thei 
 tho alternatives to tho orderly |»nMetlure along our present lu.t's 
 that wo propose, until all who arc tho (^noon's subjects shall bo 
 full citizens of the l-'nipire, sharing in its responsibilities, burdens 
 an<l blessings "i Only two alternatives can 1)e nientioiu'd. A few 
 tine young folhtws, naturally .soiuiiwhat impatient at (tur long con- 
 tinued stato of ])Upilage, (!ry out for indejiendence. Independcui .0 
 is a word that attracts, but when you give it its right name of 
 isolation, ami understand that it would of ncMU'ssity be in our case 
 a contlition of int(»hu'ablo (hipismlonco, its charms vanish. (Loud 
 cluicrs.) If wo were forced to it, W{! would have; to do our best, 
 but no one protends that we are, under constraint to take any such 
 stop. Tho one arginu(!nt of weight that 1 have heard in favour of 
 isolation is that colonics never produce groat men. ( )n tho ono 
 hand, is this true 1 ^^ot to refer to the colonies of ancient (In e, 
 Jet me ask, who were (leorgo Washington and r>enjamin Kra 
 not to speak of others of their time almost their peers in can., 
 congress? W((re they not full-grown men before 177()? (Hear, 
 hear.) Did tho United States produce their eipials in tho next 
 generation, or in the ncsxt, oven when the population had dou])letl 
 and quadrui)Ied beyond what it had boon in the colonial epoch ? 
 (Hear, hear.) A few months ago a convention of scientilic men 
 met in Washington at the invitation of tin; II. S. Government. 
 Between twenty and thirty independent nations were there by 
 their representatives. When they a<loj)ted the principles of a 
 common first meridian, a standard day and cosmic time, the unan- 
 imity was broken l)y tlu; resolute attitude of the re])resentative 
 of the independent state of San Domingo. (Laughter.) This 
 worthy genthimr.n, as black as he is worthy, voted nay whih; all 
 the rest of the world voted yea. Did the indepcuidence of his 
 country make him great, and had the dependcince of Canada a 
 dwarfing influence on that Canadian, Sandford Fleming*, who first 
 called the world's attention to the Avhoh; subjc^ct? (Loud 
 ai)i)lause.) Men do not become great by following in the Avake of 
 the frog that would tain be an ox. Least of all do they become 
 great by mere restlessness and self-assertion. (Hear, hear.) Un 
 
 yandford Fleming is one of our members. See his letter on page 10. 
 
49 
 
 till' other liiiii*!, is imt tin- *>\u> aim luitl t'lnl of IIm' KiMlcration 
 Hclii'iiit' to nii.s(^ lis out of tli(! incrt'ly coloniiil position, iititl to iiiakt! 
 us full citizciis of the L^'rimdcst state J (l.'lieers.) The second alter- 
 native is annexation. 'I'liis has lu'cn calletl Continentalisui hy its 
 aldest a(lvocat(!s, and it is woU to tako not only that nuino l)Ut th(3 
 ar;^'unieiits at the hack of it, Itecause it is rii^ht always to state tJiti 
 I'ase of an opponent as fairly and stron;,'ly as possible. The arj^'U- 
 nients are that su(!h a jtolicy would l»e for our interest, and thatthn 
 addition of loyal Canadians to thc^ I'niteil States would so nullify 
 the anti -Uritish elenieiits there that in this way we would lirin;^' 
 ahout the unilication of the KuLjlish-speakin;,' peoples. Now, what 
 is meant hy our interests? if material intiTosts are meant, wn 
 shoidd sympatlii/e with the North-West Imlian who marvelled at 
 th(( folly of a poor man who declined to sell his wife for one ]iouy 
 or his dau,i,diter for two ponies. (I.auj,diter.) W(»uld he not ho 
 richer with two ponies, luid without a dauj;hter, who was addin;.,' 
 notliin;^' to his wealth. (Hear, hear.) The man or nation that is 
 governed only hy the Ihou^dit of material interests will lose even 
 those in tho.lonj^ run, for it is literally true to-day as when thu 
 llehrew prophet announced it as a prim'iph; of the l)ivine (Jovern- 
 ment : "The nation and the kingdom that will not serve thee shall 
 perish; yea, that nation shall l)e utterly wasted." (Applause.) As 
 to the fascinating ]>lea that t'ontinentalism would lead to a unite(l 
 Anglo-Saxondom, 1 do not helieve it for a moment. In order to 
 ])ring ahout union we are to hegin with disunion ! AVe an^ to do 
 wrong to secure a riglu end ! We are to bring about .1 great alliance 
 of liritain, lier Coloni. and the. United Slates, l)y separating our- 
 selves from the Kmjiin usulting he Mother Country and (h'grad- 
 ing ourselves in our own . yes, and in the estimation of our neigh- 
 bours ! No. We are not in the market. (Cheers.) We shall not 
 insult the United States by thinking that they are willing to buy 
 1 -i. (Cheers). The man who is in the market for sale is <legraded, 
 the man who buys him is degraded. It is a slianu; even to speak 
 of such things. (Cheers.) If the jteople of Maine thought it 
 to lie in tlu'ir interest that they shoulil be united to Canada, I 
 shoidd not lik(! to suggest it to them. Is Canaila sonu'thing less 
 than Alaine 1 I believe, not oidy in an alliance of all Knglisli 
 speaking men, but in the poet's " I'arliamiuit of num, the federa- 
 tion of the world/' l)ut every step must be taken on the lines of 
 national duty. (Applause.) We nuist do right, should the heavens 
 fall, leaving results to (lod. Let us clearly understaiul, too, that 
 Continentalism means Rebellion or Revolution. (Hear, hear.) I 
 believe in Kvolution not Revolution. (Cheers). Evolution is the 
 divint! ])lan, and it is much better than revolution. (Hear, 
 liear.) (Jf cours(i I do not deny the sacred right of revolution, 
 imr do I pronounce upon this, that or the other concrete case. 
 It is well known that success decides whether tUo revolutionist 
 
50 
 
 is rt ]iatriot to l)o applandod or a ro.hel to bo handed. (Laugh- 
 ter and applause.) I shall not say whether the grievances in 
 England in the seventeenth century justified the civd war, 
 whether the adherents of the iStuarts Avere justified in their 
 risings in the eighteenth century, or whether there was no other 
 course open to the Thirteen Colonies l)ut war. lUit for my own 
 part, I do say with profoinid convictit)n, that the rebellion of 
 the Thirteen Colonies was a calamity for themscdves and the 
 world. (Hear, hear.) And on behalf of (!very good man I say that 
 to pro])ose revolution when there is no grievance is Avrong, and inex- 
 cusably wrong. (Loud applause.) Every one admits that in our 
 case there is no grievance. (Hear, liear.) Therefore we dare not 
 break up Uie Empire. (Cheers.) Kebellion without an excuse 
 for rebellion would be something unheanl of in history. Sooner or 
 later, even if successful, we would be punished for it. Our ideas 
 Avould be limited to this Continent, Avhereas now they naturally, 
 because nationally, expand to our relati<uis and to our duty to the 
 whole world ; and sonu' day we might be forced to lend a hand to 
 humiliate England. Kather than that, l(>t our arms Avither at the 
 socket. (Applause.) Isolation then, and annexation being out of 
 the (question, there is no other course for us but consolidation of 
 the Empire. (Loud and continued applause.) This, then, is our 
 position. We are liritons. "We are the Canadian subjects of Her 
 !>rajesty'? AVe intend to fight it out on this line. (Checis.) 
 "What, then, let us ask next, is im" 'ediati Jy and of necessity in- 
 volved in this position 1 This, that wc must take upon ourselves, 
 with the least possible delay, its burdens as Avell as its l)lessings. 
 (Hear, hear.) During the Avhole of this century Ave have been 
 gradually enierging from the state of pupilage, and Ave Eederation- 
 ists have the audacity to assume that Ave ought noAV to consider 
 ourselves fulI-groAvn men, and no longer babes and Avards. (Cheers.) 
 Up to 1818 Great Britain jiaid all the expenditure connected 
 Avith the Civil Government of this Province. In 1810 the House 
 of Assembly felt that the Province had so })rospered as the result 
 of half a century of British institutions, that it ottered to under- 
 take this burden, but advantage Avas not taken of the olfer iov 
 several years. Thereafter England Avas still obliged to defend us 
 from external and internal enemies. Generously she did so, often 
 getting little thanks. Gradually she left to ns the duty of keeping 
 the peace Avithin our oAvn borders, so that now Ave are suppressing 
 an insurrection, entirely by the expenditure of our oAvn blood and 
 treasure. That is so far good, but is that enough 1 Certaiidy 
 not. There are external enemies, and should tliey attack, Avliat 
 defences Avould Ave have save the ports of Halifax and Quebec, and 
 the Avooden Avails that float en every sea. (Hear, hear.) Hoav 
 much do Ave contribute tc maintain that irresistible fleet in effi- 
 ciency? Not one dollar. AVe boast often enough thut Ave are the 
 
51 
 
 
 
 iiftli iiiiiritiiiic ]i()\v(M" in the, world. Every dllicr ir.iiritiino power 
 lias to luiy for the honour and tlio profit of owning shi))s. In the. 
 event of war wliat would hoconie of our shippin;,' if it was not jiro- 
 tecteil by Iji'itisli bull-dogs. (Hear, liear.) What would Ijecome 
 of our lisheries ? Our coasts nii,n'lit Ix! ravaj^ed, Halifax, St. .lohii, 
 tlie (!ulf ports, Victoria, taken, tlie St. Lawrence waterway 
 invadeil, and Montreal laid inider contribution or in ashes, if there, 
 was no Heet to sweep the seas, anil keep Match and ward for us. 
 (Ap[)lause.) You say that those evils would come upon Canada 
 because of its connexion with Ih-itain. Of course they would, Init 
 we have already decided that union with England is jtreferaljle to 
 isolation or annexati(Mi, and we cannot hav(! any condition of 
 thing.s without its risks and responsibilities. (Hear, hear.) Only 
 children fancy that Ihey can eat their caki; and have it, but soine- 
 tiiiies we, or some, of us, talk like children. AVell, then, tin; licet 
 of England is indis[)ensable to our security, yet we do not pay a 
 cent for the ships, or the guns or the men. Is it consistent with 
 hoiunir, consistent with self-respect, that this state of things should 
 continue 1 (^»o.) At present, the poorest day-labourer could 
 come here, any poor Hodge from England, Sandy from Scotland or 
 Eat from Ireland, and, standing high al)ove all the millionaires of 
 ^lontreal, all our Kiglit Honourabh's and Ilonourables, Senators 
 and Members of I'arliament, say to the whole box and dice of 
 them : " Worthy gentlemen, 1 lU'otect j'ou." (Hear, hear.) That 
 we may not sink utterly under our own self-contempt, let us in the 
 exercise of our self-government do the right thing here. (Applause.) 
 Let the Eremier move, and let the leader of the Opposition second, 
 that a sum — no matter wliat the amount, any amount they may 
 consider reasonable in tlie circumstances — be olfered as a voluntary 
 contril)ution towards the expenses of our common guardian, though 
 everything else should have to stand aside for the UKiment. (Ap- 
 }>lause.) Let this be done as a simple acknowledgement of our 
 duty. This is the. iirst step to take, and until it is taken all our 
 ])rotestatio!is of fervent loyalty cannot be regarded as anything 
 better tliiin li])-service. 1 invite the attention of those gentlemen 
 Avho say that we confine ourselves to generalities to this, and ask 
 them why they wish us to go into more d(!tails until this is settled. 
 One step at a time. "When it is taken, we shall see more clearly 
 what is the next stop. You may say that Britain does not <lemand 
 this of us, that at present we gain Ijy her generosity, and that she 
 would be obliged to have a Heet even if Canada did not exist. 
 And these are the arguments of men of honour, of grown imui ! 
 They are willing to lie wards as long as they possibly can, to accept ra- 
 tions as long as they are otlered ! Wt' gain, do we f We lose more 
 than we gain. I never knew a man or n.ition yet that gained 
 by sponging. (Loud cheers.) I demand tlie jn'ivileges of a full- 
 grown man, and first of all the privilege of paying my own way. 
 
 
o2 
 
 (Cheers.) Wc talk of our loyalty. I ask simply that wo })ack 
 our words with deeds, unless wo are willin<f that our cheers for the 
 t^Mioen should ha sneered at as so much cheap ^MS. Kemember, 
 there is no need for extra machinery to enable us to do this iluty. 
 By voluntary action on our part, in the exercise of our own 
 self-government, we can do it at once. (Hear, hear.) We could 
 vote $100,000 for poverty-stricken Irishmen, Ijut at the very same 
 time the pcun* Irishmen were being taxeil to jn-otect us. This is 
 not a case, either, in which it is first necessary to demand more 
 representation. We have all the representation already tluit avo 
 need. 1 besides, the; measure of representation can never be the 
 measure of duty. Women cannot send some of their number to 
 ])arlianient, or vote even for men, but they do their duty none the 
 less. (Hear, hear.) Thousands of Canadians who have no vote 
 pay their taxes ancl are expected to do their duty to the ('ountry. 
 How many Jlritish subjects were represented in Parliament in the 
 days of Alfred, Cromwell, Nelson, l)ut all the time Kiigland ex- 
 pected every man to do his duty. And every man did it, thanks 
 be to the God of our Fathers. (T-oud cheers.) l''.ngland has done 
 her duty by us, and let xis not forget it. Whenever we have 
 needed her strong right arm it has been raised to tight for us, and 
 what better proof of fidelity can man or nation givel (A[tplause.) 
 liCt us be ecpially faithful. AVe could then speak with regard to 
 the, jirotection of our shorcvs as we cannot speak now. W(! could 
 sjH'ak by letter or cable, or Agent (leneral, or in any other way, 
 feeling that we Avere on the same platform Avitli those Avhom we 
 addressed. (Loud cheers.) What would lie the results of such 
 action on our })art 1 It Avould do more to convince the people of 
 Ik'itain that Ave are in earnest than tine speeches, tine Avriting and 
 loud cheering could accomplish in a century. They Avould think 
 of us no longer as if Ave Averc only children. They Avould knoAv that 
 they Avero dealing with men, ami Avith their ecpials. John Hull is 
 a creature of singular veracity and good sense. He likes to have 
 solid ground under his feet. He is ahvays ready to back his 
 oj)inions or his statements Avith his money, and until he sees that 
 Ave are Avilling to do the same he must have in his secret soul a 
 kind of contempt for us. We must put ourselves right. (Hear, 
 hear.) We must create a passion for the unification of the Kni])ire 
 in the ]\lother Country, (prolonged ap[)laus(>,) and Avhen that is 
 done, difficulties that noAv seem insurmountable Avill vanish. What 
 a destiny for us ! To be full ])artners Avith the richest, truc^st, 
 grandest nation in the Avorld, is it not enough to stir the blood of 
 the coldest 'I (Loud cheers.) Let us l)egin by doing our duty and 
 everything else Avill folloAV. A common understanding on com- 
 mercial matters Avould be one of the first results. I could indicate 
 a reasonal)le solution on this subject, but the time has not come. 
 It is enough to say that Avhen the British people are in earnest, 
 
53 
 
 things will bo done that would now be considered only the wild 
 dreams of a visionary. A common understanding witli regard to 
 foreign relations, and the promotion of common interests and the 
 discharge of common duties would also be results, and though this 
 language may be styled vague by hand-to-mouth politicians, it is 
 specific enough for tliose who look ahead. (Applause.) Future 
 results would, I trust, be an indissoluble alliance, perhaps an inti- 
 mate union with the United States, that would ensure the peace 
 of the world, peace with honour, peace for the promotion of right- 
 eousness. (Applause.) ]iut, results are not for us. They are not 
 in our power, It is ours to do our duty. The time has come for 
 us to take action, and in such case it is enough to know what is 
 the first step. England is l)eginning to unilerstand that cordial re- 
 lations with her great colonies is a question more important than 
 any other. i5y responsil)le statesmen she is making overtures to 
 lis, and we must respond. (Hear, hear.) The more gemsrcsly we 
 do so the b(;tter. Kemember Avhat she has done for us, and let us 
 ask what should w(,' do for her. Much indeed has she done for us. 
 Not oidy on tlie I'lains of Abraham and (^ueenstown Heights, but 
 wlierever she has struck a blow — and on how nuxny iields has she 
 stricken home for " the good old cause" — she fouirbt for us and 
 our children. (Cheers.) I stand with Browning, and so 1 am 
 sure do Ave all : — 
 
 " Nobly, nobly, Cape St. Vincent to the north-west died away ; 
 Hiuiset ran one glorious blood-red, reeking into Cadiz Bay ; 
 IMuish 'mid the burnin;; water, fidl in face Trafalgar lay ; 
 In the dimmest north-east distance dawned (Jibraltar grand .and grey ; 
 Here and here did Kngland help me, how can 1 help Kngland, say 
 Ye who turn, as I this evening, turn to God to praise amd jnay." 
 
 O, England, motlier of lions, mother of heroes, mother of nations, 
 the World would be ]ioor witliout thee ! AV^hich of tliy children 
 will desert thee 1 (Enthusiastic cheers.) 
 
 From the first sentence the sjjeaker had carried his whole 
 aiuiience with him, loud applause greeted tlie telling ])oints in 
 every senttnice, his commanding presence and thrilling ejocjuence 
 fairly enthralled the audieiu-e. As he closed the enthusiasm burst 
 into a perfect ovation of cheers, and, iinally, tin* whole meeting 
 joined spontaneously in singing with splendid effect the National 
 Anthem, " (lod Save the t^)ueen." After whi(!h the resolution was 
 formally simmjucUmI by Mr. Baker, put to the meeting, and carried, 
 as all the others had been, by acclamation. 
 
 The Secretary then received the names of members wi.shing to 
 join, and the number received U]) to tin; close (jf th<> meeting, with 
 those taken in the afternoon and sent in by mail, was 224. 
 
54 
 
 SUBSEQUENT PROCEEDINGS. 
 
 The resolutions passed at the above lueetinffs were forwarded 
 to the Secretary of the Imperial Federation Leaj^ue, Mu. L. 
 8ekgeant, 43 St. Margaret's Olfiees, Victoria Street, London, H.W., 
 and a reply was received expressing gratiHcation at the formation 
 of the ]iranch in Canada, also forwarding form hooks containing 
 certificates of membership of the League, certihetl l)y the Secretary. 
 
 A meeting of the General Committee was held at Ottawa on 
 the 20th June, 1885, at which, in view of the intiuided al)sence 
 of Mr. MoCauthv in England, Ai.ex. ^McNeill, Lsy., M.l'. for 
 North Bruce, Out., residence AViarton, Ont., was elected Vice- 
 President. 
 
 The following members of the General Committee were 
 appointed an Executive Committee, live to form a quorum ; — 
 
 The President, Vice-President, Treasurer and two Secretaries, 
 and Messrs. Ed Crow Laker, M.P., Mctoria, r>.C. ; David 
 Plain, Toronto ; John Geo. Lourinot, Ottawa; -John ^I. Clark, 
 Toronto ; Geo, K. R. Cocklmrn, M.A., Toronto ; AVm, JJrysdale, 
 ]\Lintreal ; Saudford Fleming, C.^I.G., Ottawa; Cieo. E.Foster, 
 M.l\, Apoha([ui, X.l>, ; R. R. (Jriudley, j^Tontreal ; Principal 
 Grant, Kingston, (Jut. ; R. X. Hall, M.P., Sherbrooke, t^)ue. ; 
 J. T. Jenkins, ^LV., Charlottetown, P.E.L ; J. H. Long, lAI.A., 
 Peterborough, Ont. ; Hy. Lyman, Alontreal ; Hon. .1). Maclnnis, 
 Ilamilton, C)ut. ; Jehu Matthews, Toronto ; J. K. Murray, Mont- 
 real ; Geo. R. Parkin, j\[.A., Frcdericton, N.B. ; Hon. L. G. Power, 
 Halifax, XS. ; A. AV. Ross, M.P., Winnii.cg, Afan. ; Professor 
 Schurman, Halifax; C. J. Townsend, Al.P., Halifax ; and C. W. 
 AVeldon, M.P., St. John, N.L. 
 
 The following Rules fou Foumatiox of Bhanoiies were also 
 passed : — 
 
 I. — A Local P)raiU'h of the Imjierial Federation League in 
 Canada may be formed in any city, town, village or municii»ality 
 of the Dominion, and shall consist of at least twenty niinubers. 
 
 IL — Any liritish subject wlio accepts the i)rincii)leH of the 
 League, and pays to any such branch a yearly subscri'ption of at 
 least one dollar, shall be a mem})er of the lnii)erial Feilcration 
 League in Canada. 
 
 III. — Of the amount of each subscription paid into Local 
 Branches, at least fifty cents shall be forwarded to the General 
 Treasurer of the League in Canada, who, out of this sum, will 
 forward the annual registration IVeof oik; shilling to the Treasurer 
 of the Central League in London, England. 
 
65 
 
 BOOKS OF REFERENCE. 
 
 Tlie following have been suggested by various members of the 
 Committee as works connected more or less directly with the 
 subject of Imperial Federation. They are given for the informa- 
 tion of readers, and without committing the League to the views 
 contained in any of tlie works : — 
 
 " Organization of the Eniinre ;" a speech l)y the lion. Joseph 
 Howe, delivered in the Nova Scotia Legislature, 11th March, 
 18.54 ; and a " Letter to the Hon. Francis Hincks," written in 
 London, ^March 18.5,'). Loth published in vol. 2 of "The 
 Speeches and Public Letters of the Hon. Joseph Howe." 
 Boston, 18.58. 
 
 ** A Colonist on the Colonial Question," by Jehu ^Fatthews, of 
 Toronto. London : Longmans, 1872. 
 
 "Imperial Federation," by the Rt. Hon. W. E. Forster, M.P. 
 An article iji the Niut'ti'rjif/i Centunj for February and March, 
 188,5, pp. 201 and 552. Ke-published by the Imperial Federa- 
 tion League. 
 
 " Imperial Federation," by the Rt. lion, the Man^uis of Lome. 
 London, 1885. Price, Is. 
 
 "A National Sentiment." Speech of Hon. Edward Blake at 
 Aurora. Ottawa: E. A. Perry, 1874. 
 
 " The Story of ( )ur Colonies," by H. R. Fox Bourne. London : 
 James Hogg & Son, 1869. 
 
 " England and Her Colonies," by James Anthony Froude in 
 
 "Short Studies on Great Subjects," vol. II., p. 180. 
 "The Colonies Once More." Ibid. Page 348. 
 
 " The Ir'olitical Future of Canada." Papers by Jehu ^lathows in 
 Canadian ^loiifh/// for -luly, August and December, 1875. 
 
 "The Defence of Great and Greater IJritain," by Captain J. C. !•. 
 Colomb. London : Edward Stanford, 1880. 
 
 "The Federal Slates of the AVorld," by Rev. J. N. Daltoi. in 
 Nint'tccufh Ci')//i/ri/, for, July, 1884, p. 9G. 
 
 "A Scheme for Imperial Federation," l)y Sir Samuel Wilson. 
 Published in the NhietecntJi Cmtnnj for April, 1885, p. 590. 
 
 "Imperial Federation from an ^Vustr;diiiii Point of View," by 
 John Douglas, late Premier of (.Queensland. Article in the 
 Ninrtt'entli C'ritfuri/ for Dec, 1884. 
 
 "Our Growing Australian Empire," by Sir Henry Parkes, K.C.M.G., 
 Nineteenth Centanj for January. 1884 ; p. 138. 
 
 "Australia and the Imperial ('onnexion," by Sir Henry Parkes, 
 Iv.C.M.G., Niiu'tii'iifli Centnnj for May, 1884 ; p. 807. 
 
II 
 
 56 
 
 "Speech on Customs ami Inliiml Kevonuc Bill," in House of 
 Commons, 26th April, 1883. Uy AV. Faner Kcroyd, M.V. 
 Loudon : P. S. Kin<^ & Son, Parliumeutaiy Agency, King 
 street, Westminster, S.W. Price, 2d. 
 
 Papers and Discussions in the Annual Puoceedings of the 
 Royal Colonial Institute. Among others : 
 
 Vol. XI. 1879-80. Page 1. 
 
 " Extended Colonization a Necessity for the ^lother Country," 
 by Stephen liourne, F.S.S. 
 
 Page 88. 
 
 " The National Development of Caiuida," by .lolm George 
 ]^>ourinot. 
 
 Page 133. 
 
 "An Empire's I'arliament," by A. Staveley Hill, Esq., Q.C., ^l.P. 
 
 Vol. XII. 1880-81. Page 85. 
 
 " The Future of the Dominion of Canada," by Sir Alex. T. Gait, 
 G.C.M.G. 
 
 Page 213. 
 
 " Imperial and Colonial Partnership in Emigration," W. M . 
 Torrens, iM.P. 
 
 Page 346. 
 
 " The Political Organization of the Empire," by Francis I*. 
 Labclliere. 
 
 Vol. XIII. 1881-82. Page 209. 
 
 " Tlu^ Commercial Advantages of Federation," by William J. 
 Harris, F.S.S. 
 
 Vol. XIV. 1882-83. Page 222. 
 
 " Postal Communication with the East : India in six days, 
 Australia in sixteen days." P>y AVul Camplicll, (lale 
 M.L.C.), Victoria, Australia. 
 
 Page 391. 
 
 " The Relations of the Colonies to tlie lMn])ir(', Present and 
 Future." Two Addresses delivered in Kdinburgh and 
 Greenock by Sir A. T. Gait, G.C.M.G. 
 Vol. XV. 1883-84. Page 40. 
 
 " Our Relations with Canada and Gnnit Colonies," by the Rt. 
 Hon. the Marquis of Lome, K.T., G.C.M.CJI. 
 
 BLUE HOOKS. 
 
 Annual Statements of tlie Trade of the United Kingdom with 
 
 Foreign Countries and British Possessions. London : Eyre ife 
 
 Spottiswo(jde. Price 3s 4d for any year. 
 Statistical Abstract for the several Coloni(!s and otlu'r Possessions 
 
 of the United Kingdom in each year. Loudon : Eyre & 
 
 IS])ottiswoode. Price lOid for any year. 
 
57 
 
 Copy of Statistical Tablos relating to Emigration and Immigration 
 from and into the United Kingdom, and Report to the J5uard 
 of Trade thereon. London : Henry Hansard & Son. Price 9d. 
 
 Whittaker's Almanac. Edition in cloth, 2s. (The paper covered 
 edition, Is, is incomplete.) 
 
 Canada : Annual Trade and Navigation Tables. 
 " Annual Public Accounts. 
 Census, 1881. 
 
 Area, Population, Financcis, Trade, Shipping and Railways, of the 
 Pritish Empire during the year 1883, compiled specially for 
 the London Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 A small number of the following Pamphlets may be obtained 
 from the Secretary, 19 Place d'Armes, Montreal, post free, at the 
 annexed prices : 
 
 Report of the Conference held at AVestminster Palace 
 Hotel, London, 29th July, 1884, 
 
 Report of the Adjourned Conference and First Meeting 
 of the League, London, 18th November, 1884, 
 
 Imperial Federation, by Rt. Hon. ^V. E. Forster, 
 reprinted from Ninefi'entli Ccntnrji. - 
 
 Exi)ressions of Opinion by Public ]Men at Home and 
 
 in the Colonies, etc. - - - . - 10c. 
 
 20c. 
 
 <c. 
 
 10c. 
 
 'witness" printixu house, momtreal. 
 


 INDEX. 
 
 Resoluti„ns ..f League i„ Canada adopted 9th May, 1885 - 
 (Jeneral Committee - . . . 
 
 Executive Committee 
 
 Rules for Formation of Uranchea 
 
 Report of Afternoon Meeting in the Windsor Hotel - . . . 
 
 Report of Evening Meeting in the Queen's Hall 
 
 Letters and Menmt/ex reccival : 
 
 Allan, Hon. (Jeorge Willian., Senator, Toronto - . 
 
 Barnard, Kdmund. (2. a, Montreal .... 
 
 Bell, Hon. A. C, M.l'.P., Halifax, N.S. . . 
 
 Bourinot, John George, Clerk of the House of Commons, Ottawa" 
 
 Lowes,.!. H.,UniverHity College, Toronto 
 
 Boyd, Hon. John, Senator, St. Joh„, N.B. 
 
 Casey, (;eorgeE.,M.P., West Elgin, Ont.' ..." 
 Clark, John M., President Young Men's Liberal Club, Toronto " 
 Czowski, Col., Toronto ..... 
 
 Douglas, (JeorgeH., Toronto ....."' 
 
 Ferguson.Hon. Donrid, Charlottetown, P.E.L - - " ' 
 Fleming, Sandford,C.M.(;., Ottawa - .... 
 Gordon, D.W., M. P., Vancouver, B.C. .... 
 
 Gowan, Hon. J. R., Senator, Barrie, Ont. .... 
 
 Hall, R. N.,M.P.,Sherbrooke,Que. .... 
 Haythorne, Hon. R. P., Senator, Charlottetown, P.E I - . 
 
 Hesson, S.R., M. P., North Perth, Ont 
 
 Hickey, Charles E.,M.P.,l)undas, Ont. --..." 
 Jenkins, J. T.,iM. P., Queen's, P.E. L - . . . 
 Jones, Rev. T. Bedford, LL.D., Napanee, Ont. - . 
 
 Kaulbach, C. E., M.P.,Lunenberg, N.S. .... 
 Kranz, Hugo, M.P., North Waterloo, Out., - 
 Machin, Rev. C. J., Port Arthur, (Jnt. . ' . 
 
 Macdonnell, Rev. D. J., Toronto 
 Maclnnis, Hon. D., Hamilton, Ont. 
 MacVicar, Rev. Principal, Montreal - 
 
 McCallum, Lachlan, M P., Monck, Ont. -....' 
 
 Paint, Henry N., M.P., Richmond, N.S. ..... 
 
 Palisser, Cai)t., Ottawa ...... 
 
 Patters.m, James C, M.P., North Essex, Ont. 
 
 Patterson, Wm . J. , Secretary Board of Trade, Montreal . 
 
 I'AOK. 
 
 - 2 
 3 
 
 - 54 
 54 
 
 - 7 
 22 
 
 8 
 11 
 
 • y 
 
 9 
 
 - 12 
 
 8 
 
 - 10 
 12 
 
 - !) 
 12 
 
 • 6 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 24 
 
 12 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 9 
 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 
 9 
 12 
 10 
 10 
 
 9 
 24 
 11 
 
fyfmmmn 
 
 60 
 
 PAUE. 
 
 Reid, James, M.P., Cariboo, B.C. ^ 
 
 Robertson, Alex., M.P., West Hastings, Ont. • • • • • H 
 
 Schultz, Hon. John, Senator, WinnijicK, Man. 
 
 Stairs, John F., M.T., Halifax, N.S - - 10 
 
 Sullivan, Hon. Michael, M.D., Senator, Kingston, Ont. - • • 9 
 
 Weldon, CharloaW., M.P.,St. John, N.B. H 
 
 White, William, Q.C.Sherbrooke, Que. H 
 
 Wilkie, D. R., Inii)orial Bank, Toronto .------ 12 
 
 Wood, John F., M.B., Brockville, Ont. 10 
 
 Worsley, Lt.-Col., Brigade Ottice, Montreal - - - • • "0 
 Speakers at both Mietiixja : 
 
 Allen, Benjamin, M.P., North Grey, Owen Sound, Ont. - - - 15 
 
 Baker, Edgar C.M.P., Victoria, B.C. 19 
 
 (( II " ...... 53 
 
 Benson, Wm. T., M.P., South Grenville, Cardinal, Ont. • - - 18 
 Cameron, Hector, Q.C., M.P., North Victoria, Ont., Toronto - - 20 
 Cockburn, George R. R., M.A. J^ 
 
 Foster, George E.,M. P., King's County, Apohaqui, N.B. - - - 40 
 
 Grant, Principal, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont. - - - 44 
 
 20 
 Hague, George, Montreal 
 
 Kaulbach, Hon. H. A. N., Senator, Lunenburg, N.S. - - - 13 
 
 Matthews, Jehu, Toronto ^'^ 
 
 Macfarlane, Hon. A., Senator, Wallace, N.S. 21 
 
 McCarthy, Dalton,Q.C., M. P., North Simcoe, Toronto, Ont. - - 15 
 
 '■ - - 22 
 
 01 
 
 McLennan, Hugh, Montreal - - - 
 
 McNeill. Alex., M.P., North Brrce.Wiarton, Ont. - - - - 28 
 
 Nelson, Hon. Hugh, Senator, Burrard Inlet, B.C. . - - - 1- 
 
 Plumb, Hon. J. B., Senator, Niagara, Ont. I** 
 
 Potts, Rev. John, D.D., Montreal ^^ 
 
 Ross, A. W.,M.P., Lisgar, Man. 20 
 
 Schurman, Professor J. G., Halifax, N.S., 2o 
 
 Townsend, Charles J., M.P., Cumberland, Amherst, N.S. - - - 10 
 
 54 
 Subsequent Proceedings 
 
 - 54 
 Executive Committee 
 
 54 
 Rules for Formation of Branches 
 
 Books of Reference 
 
 ■"'7 
 
 Pamphlets of the League "^