■ . is 
 
 \ ■ 
 
 GENEEAX. BEGULATIOIifS 
 
 FOit THE 
 
 ORGANIZATION, GOVERNMENT AND DISCIPUNE 
 
 OF 
 
 PUBLIC SCHOOLS, 
 
 yjn> THE 
 
 QUAIilFIOATlONS AND DUTIES OF 
 
 PUBLIC SCHOOL INSPECTORS, EXAMINERS, 
 TEACHERS. MONITORS M^ PUPU^S, , 
 
 ALSO THE DUTIES OF 
 
 PUBLIC SCHOOL BOARDS, 
 
 IN THE 
 
 Pre^tibcd by ihe CoumU of Public Instruction, under th^ aiUhority 
 of the 27th section of the Act 37 Victoria, chapter 27. 
 
 i;0roitt0: 
 
 PEINTBD BY HUNTER; ROSE & CO., KING ST. WEST. 
 
 J1875. 
 
GENERAX. REGULATIOISrS 
 
 FOR THE 
 
 ORGANIZATION, GOVERNMENT AND DISCIPLINE 
 
 OF 
 
 PUBLIC SCHOOLS, 
 
 AND THE 
 
 QUALIFICATIONS AND DUTIES OF 
 
 PUBLIC SCHOOL INSPECTORS, EXAMINERS, 
 TEACHERS, MONITORS AND PUPILS, 
 
 AL80 THE DUTIES OF 
 
 PUBLIC SCHOOL BOARDS, 
 
 IN THE 
 
 r»K.0T7"I1^0E OF 01^^^T-A.IiIO. 
 
 Prescribed by the Council of Public Instruction^^ under the authorii'if 
 of the 27th section of the Act 37 Victoria, cJiapter 27. 
 
 PRINTED BY HUNTER, ROSE & CO., KING ST. WEST, 
 
 1875. 
 
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 CONTENTS. ■--■ ^t 
 
 'Vti^''"' ' •- f • '^i.' '. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 T. Tk£ms, Hours of Daily Teaching, Holidays and 
 
 Vacations 1 
 
 1. Terms 1 
 
 2. Hours 1 
 
 3. Holidays I 
 
 4. Vacations .•. 1 
 
 5. Agreements with Teachers — How AflFected by 
 
 Vacations I 
 
 II. Religious and Moral Instruction 2 
 
 1. Christianity Recognized — Pupils to Receive Reli- 
 gious Instruction — Rights of Parents Secured. . . 2 
 
 III. Opening and Closing Daily Religious Exercises... 2 
 
 IV. Weekly Religious Instruction by the Clergy or ' 
 
 their Representatives 3 
 
 V. Qualifications and Duties of Public School In- 
 spectors 4 
 
 1. Qualifications-Legal Obligation to Observe Regu- 
 
 lations 4 
 
 2. Full Time to be Employed 4 
 
 3. Special Duties of City and Town Inspectors 4 
 
 4. Visitation of Schools 4 
 
 . (a) Mechanical Arrangements 5 
 
 1. Size of Section 5 
 
 J 2. School Accommodation 5 
 
 3. Space for Air 5 
 
 4. Well; Proper Converiences 6 
 
 (6) Means of Instruction 6 
 
 • (c) Organization 6 
 
 ,j (d) Discipline t> 
 
 (e) Methods of Instruction 6 
 
 (/) Attainments of Pupils 6 
 
 (g) Miscellaneous 7 
 
 6. Authority of an Inspector in a School 7 
 
 . , 6. Procedure in the Visitation of Schools 7 
 
 i . . 7. Intercourse with Teachers and Pupils 8 
 
 8. As to Attendance of Children 8 
 
 9. As to Teachers Visiting other Schools 8 
 
 10. Payments to Teachers' Superannuation Fund ... 8 
 
 IJ. Granting Special Certificates 8 
 
 • . 
 
IV 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 12. Suspension jf CertificateB , 9 
 
 13. Supply of Blank Forms of Returns 9 
 
 14. Returns of Attendance of Pupils 9 
 
 15. Check against Incorrect Returns 9 
 
 16. Apportionment of School Grant 10 
 
 17. Cheques to Teachers 10 
 
 18. Use of Authorized Text Books 10 
 
 / , 19. The Inspector an Umpire and eo: officio Examiner 1 
 
 20. Chairman of Examining Board 11 
 
 21. As to School Meetings and Elections 11 
 
 22. To Decide Cases and Advise „, 11 
 
 23. Conditions of Payment of Inspoctor's Salary ... 11 
 
 "VI. Qualifications and Duties of Public School Ex- 
 aminers 12 
 
 1. Law respecting the Constitution and Payment 
 
 of the Board 12 
 
 2. Qualifications 12 
 
 3. Granting of Certificates 13 
 
 4. Meetings of Examiners 13 
 
 5. Obligation of Examiners 13 
 
 6. Suspended Certificates — Appeals 13 
 
 VII. Examination of Candidates for Certificates as 
 
 Public School Teachers and Monitors 13 
 
 1. General liegulatioiis f 01 the Anyiiml Exarnination 13 
 
 1. Time and place of Examination 13 
 
 2. Notice and Testimonial 13 
 
 3. Inspector to Preside — His Duties 14 
 
 4. Declaration of Examiners 14 
 
 6. Proceedings at Examinations 14 
 
 6. Viva-voce and Special Examinations in certain 
 
 subjects. 14 
 
 7. Appeals from Decisions of Local Examiners 15 
 
 8. Examination to be on Paper — Drawing — Music 15 
 
 9. Information for Chief Superintendent 15 
 
 10. Directions as to the Papers of Candidates 15 
 
 11. Punctuality 15 
 
 12. Two Examiners for each Paper 15 
 
 13. Marking values of Answers .. 16 
 
 14. Marks Required for a Certificate 16 
 
 15. Arrangement of Names 16 
 
 16. Penalty for Copying — Evic^pnce 16 
 
 2. Conditions required of Gaiididates 16 
 
 1. Third Class — Age and character 16 
 
 2. Second Class — Character and experience 16 
 
 3. First Class — Character and experience 16 
 
 4. Teachers for French or German Settlements 17 
 
 .6. Candidates from the Normal School — when 
 
 . ,, EUgible 17 
 

 PAGE 
 
 3. Value an4 Duratiott. of Certificates 17 
 
 1. First and Second Class 17 
 
 2. Third Class 17 
 
 3. 4. Certificate may be endorsed — Restriction 17 
 
 4- (^idlificatioiis of Monitors and Assi»tants — Their Certi- 
 ficates 18 
 
 1. Inspector may grant certificates — conditions 18 
 
 (a) Character 18 
 
 (6) Qualifications of a Monitor 18 
 
 (c) Qualifications of an Assistant 18 
 
 (d) Age and standing of Candidate 18 
 
 2. Duration of such certificates 18 
 
 3. Inspector may suspend or cancel 18 
 
 4. Report to Chief Superintendent 18 
 
 5. Minimum Qualifications required for Teachers^ Certifi- 
 cates 18 
 
 1. Third class County certificates 18 
 
 2. Second class Provincial certificates 19 
 
 3. Additional for second class Teachers who desire 
 
 special certificates in Natural History, Agricul- 
 tural Chemistry, Mechanics and Agriculture... 20 
 
 4. First class Provincial certificates 21 
 
 VJ II. Powers and Duties of Masters and Teachers 
 
 OF Public Schools 22 
 
 Note on legal obligations 22 
 
 Designation of Masters and Teachers 22 
 
 1. Fowers and duties of Masters 22 
 
 1. Authority to see that rules are observed 22 
 
 2. To prescribe duties of Teachers 22 
 
 3. Power to suspend Pupils — conditions 22 
 
 4. Expulsion of Pupils ... 23 
 
 5. Care of School Property 23 
 
 6. Regulations in regard to School Premises, &c.... 23 
 
 7. School to be open for Pupils 23 
 
 8. Out-premises 24 
 
 9. Fires and Sweeping 24 
 
 10. Librarian , 24 
 
 11. The Library 24 
 
 12. Reports 24 
 
 13. General Register 24 
 
 15. Religious Exercises— Ten Commandments 24 
 
 2. Ihities of Assistant Teachers 24 
 
 1. Instruction of Pupils 24 
 
 2. Discipline 24 
 
 3. Regulations to be read 25 
 
 4. Register 25 
 
 5. Returns 25 
 
VI 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 3. AdditioiMl Duties of Masters aiui Teachers 25 
 
 1. General Principles of Government 25 
 
 2. Merit Cards— Prizes 25 
 
 3. State of Feeling among Pupils 25 
 
 4. Absence 25 
 
 5. Subscriptions, Collections, Presents, &c 26 
 
 6. Teachers' Meetings 26 
 
 7. Teaching 26 
 
 8. Visiting Schools 26 
 
 9. Time Table 26 
 
 10. Classes 26 
 
 11. Quarterly Examinations 27 
 
 12. In School at 8.45 a.m., &c 27 
 
 13. Visitors' Book... 27 
 
 14. Visitors 27 
 
 IX. Duties of Pupils 27 
 
 1. Cleanliness and good conduct 27 
 
 2. On Tardiness 27 
 
 3. Leaving before the close 27 
 
 4. Absence • 27 
 
 5. Excuses 27 
 
 6. Punctual attendance 28 
 
 7. What school to attend 28 
 
 8. Absence from Examinations 28 
 
 9. Going to and from School 28 
 
 10. Supply of Books 28 
 
 11. Feesfor Books 28 
 
 12. Property Injured 28 
 
 13. Contagious Diseases 28 
 
 14. Effects of Expulsion 28 
 
 15. Certificate on Leaving 29 
 
 X. Public School Boards in Cities, Towns and Incor- 
 porated Villages 29 
 
 ' 1. Constitution of the Board 29 
 
 2. Officers 29 
 
 3. Proceedings 29 
 
 4. Committees 29 
 
 [ 5. Order of Business 29 
 
 6. Rules of Order 29 
 
 : . 7. Kinds of Schools authorized 30 
 
 XI. Powers and Duties of Public School Trustees in 
 
 Rural Sections - 31 
 
 1. School meetings 31 
 
 * 2. Declaration of Office 31 
 
 _i •■■ 3. Trustees' Tenure of Office — Vacancies 31 
 
 ', j 4 . Personal responsibility of Trustees 31 
 
 ' ■; 5. Corporate Acts — when lawful 32 
 
VI 1 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 6. Contracts and Agreements 32 
 
 7. Collector and Treasurer 32 
 
 8. School Section Accounts 32 
 
 9. Adequate School Accommodation — particulars... 32 
 
 10. Site of School-house S'^ 
 
 11. Erection of School-house, Teachers' Residence, 
 
 &c 33 
 
 12. Use of School-house 33 
 
 13. Care and Repairs of School-house 33 
 
 14. Right of Trustees in regard to Teacher, Appa- 
 
 ratus, Books, &c 34 
 
 15. Expenses of the School 34 
 
 16. Contents of Half-yearly Return 34 
 
 17. Trustees to send in Returns 34 
 
 18. Union School Section Returns 34 
 
 19. False Returns 34 
 
 20. Use of Corporate Seal 35 
 
 21. Free School Library 35 
 
 XII. Rules for Public School Meetings in Rubal 
 
 Sections 35 
 
 1. Organization of Meeting 35 
 
 2. Order of Business 36 
 
 3. RulesofOrder 35 
 
 4. Close of Meeting 36 
 
 5. Transmitting Minutes to Inspector 36 
 
 6. Declaration of Office ... 37 
 
 Xlll. Programme of Course of Study for Public Schools 37 
 
 (1.) Explanatcry Memorandum. 
 
 1 — 5. Object and scope of the Programme 37 
 
 6. Promotion of pupils 37 
 
 7. Assistant Teacher required if more than fifty 
 
 Pupils enrolled 38 
 
 8. School time, 27| hours per week 38 
 
 (2.) Programme 39 
 
GENERAL REGULATIONS 
 
 FOE THE ORGANIZATrON, GOVERNMENT AND DISCIPLINE OF PUBLIO 
 
 SCHOOLS, AND THE QUALIFICATIONS AND DUTIES OF SCHOOL 
 
 INSPECTORS, EXAMINERS AND TEACHERS, MONITORS AND 
 
 PUPILS; ALSO THE DUTIES OF PUBLIC SCHOOL 
 
 BOARDS IN THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. 
 
 Frescribed by the Couitcil of Publw In^tructioii, wvler the authority 
 of the Act 37 Victoria, chapter"^, secti^i 27, mib-sectiofin 18 to 23. 
 
 [Note.— These Regulations are provisionally adopted by the Council, sub- 
 ject to future revision.] 
 
 I. Terms, Hours of Daily Teaching, Holidays, and Vacations. 
 
 1. Terms . — There shall be four terms (or quarters) in each year, 
 to be designated the winter, spring, summer, and autumn terms. 
 The winter term shall begin the seventh of January, and end the 
 Tuesday next before EaMer ; the sprinvf term shall begin the Wed- 
 nesday after Easter, and close the fourteenth day of July ; the summer 
 term shall begin the sixteenth day of August, and end the Friday 
 next before the fift^tnth of October ; the autumn term shall begin 
 the Monday followng the close of the summer term, and shall end 
 the twenty-second of December. 
 
 2. Hours. — The exercises of the day shall commence not later 
 than nine o'clock a.m., and shall not exceed six hours in duration, 
 exclusive of the time allowed at noon for recreation, and of not less 
 than ten minutes during each forenoon and each afternoon. Never- 
 theless, a less number of hours of daily teaching may be determined 
 upon in any Public School, at the option of the trustees. 
 
 3. Holidays. — The schools shall be taught on all week da3rs dur- 
 ing the term except Saturdays, the anniversary of the birth of our 
 Sovereign, Dominion Day, any local Municipal holiday, and such 
 day as may be appointed by competent authority, for a Public 
 Fast or Thanksgiving throughout the Province. 
 
 4. Vacations. — There shall be three vacations in each year ; the 
 first, or spring vacation shall begin on the Wednesday next before 
 Easter, and end on the Tuesday next after it ; the second, or sum- 
 mer vacation, shall begin on the fifteenth day of July and end on 
 the fifteenth day of August, inclusive ; and the third, or Christmaa 
 vacation, shall commence on the twenty-second day of December 
 and end on the 6th of January. 
 
 [Note. — No lost time can be lawfvdly made up by any teacher on 
 any holiday, or during the vacations ; and if so made up, it must 
 be disallowed by the Inspector.] 
 
 5. All Agreements between Trustees, Masters and Teachers shall 
 be subject to the foregoing regulations ; and no Master or Teacher 
 shall be depiived of any part of his salary on account of observing 
 allowed holilays and vacations, or for sickness, as provided in 
 
regulation 4 of the "Additional Duties of Masters and Teachers." 
 Masters and Teachers shall be entitled to the holidays or vacations 
 immediately following the close of their period of service. 
 
 II. Religious and Moral Instruction in the Public Schools. 
 
 1. As Christianity is recognized by common consent throughout 
 this Province as an essential element of education, it ought to per- 
 vade all the regulations for elementary instruction. The Consoli- 
 dated Public School Act, section 142, provides that '* No person 
 shall require any pupil in any public school to read or study in or 
 from any religious book, or to join in any exercise of devotion or 
 rehgion, objected to by his or her parents or guardians. Pupils 
 ■hall be allowed to receive such religious instruction as their 
 parents or guardians desire, according to any genera' regulations 
 provided for the organization, government, and discipline of Pub- 
 lic Schools." 
 
 2. In the section of the Act thus quoted, the principle of religious 
 instruction in the schools is recognized, the restrictions within which 
 it is to be given are stated, and the exclusive right of each parent 
 and guardian on the subject is secured. 
 
 3. The Public School being a day, and not a hoarding school, 
 rules arising from domestic relations and duties are not required, 
 and as the pupils are under the care of their parents and guardians 
 on Sabbaths, no regulations are called for in respect to their attend- 
 ance at public worship. 
 
 m. Opening and Closing Religious Exercises of each Day. 
 
 With a view to secure the Divine blessing, and to impress upon 
 the pupils the importance of religious duties, and their entire de- 
 pendence on their Maker, the Council of Public Instruction recom- 
 mends that the daily exercises of each Public School be opened and 
 closed by reading a portion of Scripture, and by prayer. The Lord's 
 Prayer alone, or the Forms of Prayer hereto annexed, may be 
 used, or any other prayer preferred by the Trustees and Master of 
 each school. But the Lord's Prayer shall form part of the opening 
 exercise, and the Ten Commandments be taught to all the pupils, 
 and be repeated at least once a week^ But no pupil should be com- 
 pelled to be present at these exercises against the wish of his parent 
 or guardian, expressed in writing to the Master of the school. 
 
 FORMS OF PRAYER : 
 
 (before entering upon the business of the day.) 
 
 Let us Pray. 
 
 O Lord, our Heavenly Father, Almighty and Everlasting God, 
 who hast safely brought us to the beginning of this day, defend us 
 in the same by thy mighty power ; and grant that this day we fall 
 into no sin, neither run into any kind of danger, but that all our 
 doings may be ordered by Thy governance, to do always that is 
 righteous in Thy sight, through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. 
 
 O Almighty God, the Giver of every good and perfect gift, the 
 Fountain of all w^isdonij enliifhten, we beseech Thee, our under- 
 
3 . ■ 
 
 ■tandings by Thy Holy Spirit, and grant that, whilst with all dili- 
 ijence and sincerity, we apply ourselvcs to the attainment of human 
 knowledge, we fail not constantly to strive aiter that wisdom which 
 maketh wise nnto salvation ; that so through Thy mercy we may 
 daily be advanced both in learning and godliness, to the honour 
 »nd praise of Thy Name, through Jesus Christ our Lord. Ameti. 
 
 Our Father, which art in Heaven, hallowed be Thy name, Thy 
 kingdom come, Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven ; give 
 us this day o\ir daily bread ; and foi^ve us our trespasses, as we 
 forgive them that trespass against us ; and lead us not into temp- 
 tation ; but deliver us from evil ; for Thine is the kingdom, the 
 power, and the glory, for ever and ever. Amen. 
 
 The Grace of our Lord Jesus Cl^rist, the Love of God, and the 
 Fellowship of the Holy Ghost, be with us aU evermore. Amen. 
 
 (at the close of the business of the day.) 
 
 j, > Let iM Pray. 
 
 Most merciful God, we yield Thee our humble and hearty thank a 
 for Thy fatherly care and preservation of us this day, and for the 
 progress which Thou hast enabled us to make in useful learning : 
 we pray Thee to imprint upon our minds whatever good instructions 
 we have received, and to bless them to the advancement of our tem- 
 poral and eternal welfare ; and pardon, we implore Thee, all that 
 Thou hast seen amiss in our thoughts, words and actions. May 
 Thy good Providence still guide and keep us during the approach- 
 ing interval of rest and relaxation, so that we may be prepared to 
 enter on the duties of the morrow with renewed vigour, both of 
 body and mind ; and preserve us, we beseech Thee, now and for- 
 ever, both outwardly in our bodies, and inwardly in our souls, for 
 the sake of Jesus Christ, Thy Son, our Lord. Amen. 
 
 Lighten our darkness, we beseech Thee, O Lord ; and by Thy 
 great mercy, defend us from all perils and dangers of this night, 
 for the love of Thy only Son, our Saviour, Jesus Christ. A men. 
 
 Our Father, which art in heaven, hallowed be Thy Name, Thy 
 kingdom come. Thy will be done in Earth as it is in Heaven ; give 
 «s this day our daily bread ; and forgive us our trespasses as we 
 forgive them that trespass against ^ s , and lead us not into tempta- 
 tion ; but deliver us from evil ; tor Thine is the kingdom, th^^ 
 power, and the glory, for ever and ever. Amen. 
 
 The Grace of uur Lord Jesus Christ, and the Love of God, and 
 the Fellowship of the Holy Ghost, be with us all evermore. Amen. 
 
 IV. —Weekly Religious Instmction by the Clergy of each Per- 
 suasion. 
 
 1. In order to correct misapprehension, and define more clearly 
 the rights and duties of trustees and other parties in regard to reli- 
 gious instruction in connection with the Public Schools, it is decided 
 by the Council of Public Instruction that the clergy of any per- 
 suasion, or their authorized representatives, shall have ^e right to 
 give religious instructions to the pupils of their own church, in each 
 school-house, at least once a week, after the hour of fo\i,r o'clock in 
 the afternoon ; and if the clergy of more than one persuasion apply 
 
4 
 
 to give religiouH instruction in the same school-house, the trustees 
 shall decide on what day of the week the school-house shall be at 
 the disposal of the clergyman of each persuasion, at the time above 
 stated. But it shall be lawful for the trustees and clergyman of 
 any denomination to agree upon any hour of the day at which a 
 clergyman, or his authorized representative, may give religious in- 
 struction to the pupils of his own church, provided it be not during 
 the regular hours of the school. 
 
 v.— Qualifications and Duties of Public School Inspectors. 
 
 QnaliJicatio')ii< — Legal ohligatimt to observe Regulations. — Certifi- 
 cates of eligibility for appointment to the office of County, City, or 
 Town Inspector of Public Schools, shall hereafter be granted only 
 to Teachers of Public Schools who have obtained, or who shall 
 obtain, First Class Provincial Certificates of Qualification of the 
 highest grade (A). 
 
 The School Law (sec. 104) provides that " No inspector shall be 
 a teacher or trustee of any Public, High, or Separate School, while 
 he holds the office of Inspector, " 
 
 1. The Law (sec. 112) also requires each Inspector of Public 
 Schools — 
 
 " To ivct in accordance with tlie Regulations and instructions pro- 
 vided for his guidance " (sub-section 35). He is also "subject to all 
 the obligations conferred or imposed by law * * * according 
 to such instruction^j as may be given to him from time to time by 
 the Chief Superintendent of Education " (sub-section la). He i» 
 further required, — 
 
 " To see that all the schools are managed and conducted accord- 
 ing to law" (sub-section 10). 
 
 2. Countg and (My Inspectors — Full Time to he Employed . — Each 
 County and City Inspector shall devote the whole of hia time during 
 the ordinary office hours, to the duties of his office, except during 
 the school holidays and vacations. 
 
 3. The City and. 2^own, Inspectors shall perform such duties as 
 devolve upon them by the School Law and these Regulations, with 
 such additional duties as may be required of them by the Public 
 School Boards, which appoint them. They shall visit the schools 
 as often as directed by the Board, and, in their visitations, shall be 
 governed by the following regulations (so far as they apply to city 
 or town schools) : — See regulations 9, 10 and 19 in this chapter. 
 They shall also keep one or more regular office hours in each day, 
 as fixed by the Board of Tnistees, of which public notice shall be 
 
 given 
 
 4. Visitation of Schools. — The County Inspector shall visit every 
 public and separate school under his jurisdiction at least once 
 during each half-year. He shall devote, on an average, half a day 
 to the examination of the classes and pupils in each schoc^l, and 
 shall record the result of such examination in a book to be kept for 
 that purpose. (See regulation 6 of this Chapter.) He shall also 
 make enqwiry and examination, in such manner as he shall think 
 proper, into all matters atfecting the condition and operations of the 
 school, the results of which he shall record in a book, and transmit 
 it, or a copy thereof, annually, on completing his second half-yearly 
 
inspection, to the Education Department ; but he shall not give any 
 previous notice to the teacher or trustees of his visit. The sub- 
 jects of examiLation and inquiry shall be as follows : — 
 
 (a) Mechanical arrangements. — The tenure of the property ; the 
 materials, dimensions and plan of the building ; its condition ; when 
 erected ; with what funds built ; how lighted, warmed and venti- 
 lated ; if any class rooms are provided for the separate instruction 
 of part of the children ; if there is a lobby, or closet, for hats, 
 cloaks, bonnets, book-presses, &c. ; how the desks and seats are 
 arranged and constructed ; what arrangements for the teacher ; 
 what play-ground is provided ;* what gymnastic apparatus (if any) ; 
 whether there be a well, and proper conveniences for private pur- 
 poses ; and if the premises are fenced or open on the street or road ; 
 if shade trees and any shrubs or flowers are planted. 
 
 Note. — In his inquiries into these matters, the Inspector is especi- 
 ally directed to see whether the law and regulati(^ns have been 
 «omplied with in regard to the following matters ; (should he 
 discover remissness in any of them, he should at once call the 
 attention of the trustees to it, before withholding the school fund 
 from the section, with a view to its remedy before liis next half- 
 yearly visit) : — 
 
 (1.) Size of Section. — As to the size of the school section, as pre- 
 scribed by the forty-sixth section of the School Law. 
 
 (2.) School Accommodation. — Whether the trustees have provided 
 ^'adequate acconiniodatwn for all childnn of school age [i. e. , between 
 the ages of five and tii'enty-one years^ resident in their school division,^ 
 [i.e., school section, city, town, or village] as required by the twenty- 
 sixth (7, 9, 19,) and eighty-sixth (20) sections of the School Act. 
 
 (3.) (Space for Air. — Whether the required space of nine square 
 feet for each pupil, and the average space for one hundred cubic 
 feet of air for each child have been allowed in the construction of 
 the school-house and its class rooms. + (See regulation 9, Duties of 
 Trustees.) . .,■ <^ . 
 
 * Size of Schoof Grounds. — The school grounds, wherever practicable, 
 should in the rural sections embrace an acre in extent, and not less than 
 half an acre, so as to allow the scliool-hcuse to be set well back from the 
 road, and furnish play-grounds within the fences, A convenient form for 
 Kchool grounds will be found to be an area of ten rods front by sixteen rods 
 deep, with the school-house set back four or six rods from the road. The 
 grwunds should be strongly fenced, the yards and outhouses in the rear of 
 the school-house being invariably separated by a high and tight board fence: 
 the front grounds being planted with shade trees and shrubs. For a small 
 school, an area of eight rods front by ten rods deep may be sufficient, the 
 school-house being set back four rods from the front. 
 
 t Ventilation becomes easy at soon as it is known that it is embraced in 
 these two essential operations, viz : Ist, to supply fresh air ; 2nd, to expel 
 foul air. It is evident that fre& i air cannot be crowded into a room unless 
 the foul air is permitted to pass freely out ; and certainly the foul air tcill 
 not go out unless fresh air comes in to fill its place. It is useless to open 
 ventilating flues when there is no means provided to admit a constant sup- 
 ply of fresh air from without. 
 
 •* 
 
 Temperature. — In winter the temperature during the first school hour in 
 the forenoon or afternoon, should not exceed 70", nor 66*^ during the rest of 
 the day. 
 
6 
 
 (4.) Well; Proper Conveniences. — Whether a well or other means 
 of procuring water is provided ; also, whetner there are proper con- 
 veniences for pri>'ate purposes of both sexes on the premises ; and 
 whether the regulations in regard to them, contained in regulation 
 6 of the " Duties of Masters," and regulation 9 of the " Duties of 
 Trustees," are observed. 
 
 (b) Memis of Instruction. — He shall see whether the authorized 
 text books are used in the several classes, under the heads of Read- 
 ing, Arithmetic, Geography, &c. ; whether sufficient and suitable 
 Apparat\i8 are provided, as Tablets, Maps, Globes, Blackboards, 
 Models, Cabinets, &c. 
 
 (c) Organization. — Arrangement of classes; whether each child 
 is taught by the same teacher; if any assistant or assistants are em- 
 ployed; to what extent; how remunerated, and how qualified. 
 
 (d) Discipline. — Hours of attendance; usual ages of pupils; if the 
 pupils change places in their several classes, and whether they ar© 
 marked at each lesson, or exercise, according to their respective 
 merits; if distinction depends on intellectual proficiency, or on a 
 mixed estimate of intellectual proficiency and moral conduct, or on 
 moral conduct only; what system of merit marks, or records of 
 standing (if any) is used; whether corporal punishments are em- 
 ployed — iif so, their nature, and whether inflicted publicly or pri- 
 vately; what other punishments are used (See regulations 3 and 4, 
 " Duties of Masters," and 3, ^'Duties of Assistant Teachers) ; whether 
 attendance is regular; how many attend one month — how many two, 
 three, or more months, &c.; is school opened and closed with read- 
 ing and prayer, as provided in the regulations ; whether the Ten 
 Commandments are regularly taught, as required, and whai separ- 
 ate religious instruction is given, if any . 
 
 (e) Methods of Instriictimi. — Whether simultaneous or indivi- 
 dual, or mixed; if simultaneous (that is, by classes), in what sub- 
 jects of instruction; whether the simultaneous method is not more 
 or less mingled with individual teaching, and on what subjects ; t»» 
 what extent the intellectual, or the mere rote method, is pursued, 
 and on what subjects ; how far the interrogative method only is 
 used; how the attainments in the lefisons are variously tested in the 
 daily recitations and the quarterly examinations — by individual oral 
 interrogation — by requiring written answers to written questions, 
 or by requiring an abstract of the lesson to be written from me- 
 mory. 
 
 (/) Attainments of Pupils. — 1. In Beading; whether the higher 
 pupils can read with ordinary facility only, or with ease and expres- 
 sion, as prescribed in the programme. 2 Spelling ; whether they 
 can spell correctly, and give the meaning and derivation of words. 
 3. Writing ; whether they can write with ordinary correctness, or 
 with ease and elegance, 4. Drawing ; linear, ornamental, architec- 
 tural, or geometrical ; whether taught, and in what manner. 5. 
 Arithtnetic ; whether acquainted with the simple rules, and skilful 
 ill them ; whether acquainted with the tables of moneys, weights, 
 measures, and skilful in them ; whether acquainted with the com- 
 pound rules, and skilful in them ; whether acquainted with the 
 higher rules, and skilful in them. 6. Book-keeping ; how far taught. 
 7. English Grammar; whether acquainted with the rules of ortho- 
 
grapLy, parts of speech, their nature and modifications, parsing. 8. 
 (Composition ; whether acquainted with the grammatical structure of 
 the language by frequent composition in writing, and the critical 
 reading and analysis of the reading lessons in both prose and poetry. 
 9 . Geography and History ; whether taught as prescribed in the 
 official programme, and by questions suggested by the nature of the 
 subject. 10. Christian Morals and Elements of Civil Government ; 
 how far taught, and in what manner. 11. Algebra and Geometry ; 
 how many pupils, and how far advanced in ; whether they are 
 famUiar with the definitions, and perfectly understand the^reason, 
 as well as practice, of each step in the process of solving each problem 
 and demonstrating each proposition. 12. Elements of Natural 
 Philosophy yChemisUy, Agi-iculture and Natural History, as prescribed 
 in the programme ; whether taught; what apparatus for teaching 
 them; how many pupils in each. 13. Vocal Music ; whether taught, 
 and in what manner. The order of questions is to be suggested by 
 the nature of the subject. The extent and degree of minuteness 
 with which the inspection will be prosecuted, in respect to any, or 
 all of the foregoing and kindred subjects, must, of course, depend 
 on circumstances. 
 
 (g) Miscellan^eo^is. — How many pupils have been sent to the High 
 School during the year. 2. Whether a visitors' book and register 
 are kept, as required by law. 3. Whether the Journal of Education 
 is regularly received by the trustees. 4. Whether the pupils have 
 been examined before being admitted to the school, and- arranged 
 in classes, as prescribed by the regulations; and whether the re- 
 quired public examinations have been held. 5. What prizes or other 
 means are ofiered to excite pupils to competition and study ; and 
 whether the merit system of cards issued by the Department is em- 
 ployed. 6. Library — Is a library maintained in the section ; number 
 of volumes taken out during the year; are books covered and label- 
 led as required; are books kept in library case ; is catalogue kept 
 for reference by applicants ; are fines duly collected, and books 
 kept in good order; are library regulations observed. 7. How far 
 the course of studies and method of discipline prescribed according 
 to law, have been introduced, and are pursued in the school; and 
 such other information in regard to the condition of the School as 
 may be useful in promoting the interests of Public Schools 
 generally. 
 
 5. Authority of an Insp2ctor in a School. — The authority of an 
 Inspector in a school, while visiting it, is supreme ; the Masters, 
 Teachers, and pupils, are subject to his direction ; and he shall ex- 
 amine the classes and pupils, and direct the Masters or Teachers ^ 
 examine them, or to proceed with the usual exercises of the school, 
 as he may think proper, in order that he may judge of the mode 
 of teaching, management and discipline in the school, as well as of 
 the progress and attainments of the pupils. 
 
 6. Procedure in the Visitation of iScJiools. — On entering a school, 
 with a view to its inspection, and having courteously introduced 
 himself to the teacher, if a stranger, or, if otherwise, having 
 suitably addressed him, the Inspector shall : 
 
 (J .)— Note in the Inspector's book, the time of his entrance, and 
 on leaving, the time of his departure from the school 
 
(2.)— See whether the business going on corresponds with that 
 assigned to that particular hour on the time table, and generally 
 whether the arrangements which it indicates agree with the pre- 
 scribed programme of studies, and are really carried out in prac- 
 tice. If not, he should at once privately notify the Master or 
 Teacher of the omission, and the penalty for neglect to observe 
 the regulations. 
 
 (3^) — Examine the registers, and other school records, and take 
 notes of the attendance of pupils, number of classes in the schools 
 at the time of his visit, &c. 
 
 (4. ) — Observe the mode of teaching, the management of the school, 
 and generally its tone and spirit ; also whether the bearing, man- 
 ner, and language uf the teacher, his command over the pupils, 
 and their deportment at the time of his visit, are satisfactory. 
 
 7. hdercourse vnth Teachers and Pupils. — In his intercourse with 
 Masters and Teachers, and during his visit to their schools, the 
 Inspector should treat them with kindness and respect, counselling 
 them privately on whatever he may deem defective or faulty in 
 their manner and teaching ; but by no means should he address 
 them authoritatively, or in a fault-finding spirit in the presence or 
 hearing of the pupils. 
 
 8. See to A ttetidance of Children at School. — The Inspector should 
 see that the provisions in the twenty-sixth (19), and hundred and fifty- 
 sixth and following sections of the School Act, in regard to the 
 right of every child in the municipality under his jurisdiction to 
 attend some school, are not allowed to remain a dead letter ; but 
 he should, when necessary, frequently call attention to the subject, 
 and examine the school census of the section or division. 
 
 9. Teachers Visiting other Schools. — County aod City Inspectors 
 shall have authority to allow teachers to visit schools, under the 
 restrictions contained in regulation eight of the " AMitional Duties 
 
 
 10. Payments to Teachers' Superannuation Fund. — The hundred 
 and twelfth (5), and hundred and fourteenth (19) sections provide for 
 the collection by County, City and i own Inspectors of the superan- 
 nuation money from the teachers, and the transmission of the same 
 to the Education Department. This may be done in registered 
 letters, or by deposit to the credit of the Chief Superintendent of 
 Education, in any of the branches of the Bank of Commerce or the 
 Royal Canadian Bank. In this latter case the deposit certificate 
 should be transmitted, with the list of names, without delay, to the 
 Education Department. 
 
 [Note. — If the Board of Trustees in cities and towns prefer it, 
 they can direct the treasurer to deduct the full amount of the male 
 teachers' half yearly subscription in one sum from the salaries pay- 
 able to such teachers, and transmit it, as above, through the In- 
 spector (who is by law responsible for the performance of this duty) 
 to the Department.] 
 
 11. Granting Special Certificates. — The School Law (section one 
 hundred and twelve, sub-section 24) authorizes Inspectors " to 
 give any candidate, on due examination, according to the programme 
 authorized for the examination of teachers, a certificate of qualifi- 
 cation to teach school within the limits of the charge of the Inspector, 
 
9 
 
 until (but no longer than) the next ensuing meeting of the board of 
 examiners of which such Inspector is a member ; no such certificate 
 shall be given a second time, or be valid if given a second time, to 
 the same person in tho same county." In giving effect to this pro- 
 vision of the Act j Inspectors will observe : (1) that they are required 
 to examine all candidates desiring special certificates ; (2) that they 
 are not authorized to grant "permits," or endorse as good any 
 previous certificates of the applicant, unless under general 
 regulations herein provided ; (3) that the special certificates 
 given can only have the value of those of the third class and be 
 valid " within the limits of the charge of the Inspector ; " (4) that 
 under no circumstances can they give a special certificate to a teacher 
 who has already previously received one from any (Local Superin- 
 tendent or) Inspector in the same county ; and (5) that no certificate 
 can be given to a teacher who has been rejected by the Board of 
 Examiners, unless by consent of the Board and of the Chief Super- 
 intendent. 
 
 12. Suspension of Certificates. — When an Inspector finds it neces- 
 sary to suspend the certificate of a Master or Teacher, he should 
 not do so on the mere report of improper conduct, immorality or 
 incompetency, but he should give the master or teacher due notice 
 of the charge against him, and aflbrd him a full opportunity for 
 defence ; and he should also examine carefully into the alleged facts 
 of the case, and, if necessary, visit the school and assure himself 
 personally of their truth before proceeding to suspension. 
 
 [Note — Officers renuired oy law to exercise their judgments are 
 not answerable for mistakes in law, or mere errors of judgment, 
 without any fraud or malice.] 
 
 13. Supply of Blank Forms of Returns — Inspectors are respon- 
 sible for obtaining blank reports from the Education Department, 
 at the proper periods of the year, and supplying them to the Public 
 Schools, and also for the prompt despatch of the blank forms of 
 yearly and half-yearly returns directly to the trustees ; and the 
 trustees are equally responsible (in addition to the penalty imposed 
 by law) for the delivery of the returns and reports to their Inspector, 
 within ten days after the close of the year or half-year. 
 
 14. Returns of attendance of Piipils. — The Inspector shoidd see 
 that the aggregate attendance of each school is conectly added up, 
 and divided by the divisor for the half-year, and that no lost time is 
 made up by teaching on Saturdays, or other holidays or vacations. 
 (See note to regulation 4, of ** Terms, Hours of Teaching j etc.") 
 Under regulation eight, of the " Additional Duties of Masters and 
 Teachers" teachers may employ certain days in the year in visiting 
 other schools. In order that the school may not lose a correspond- 
 ing proportion of the School Fund, the Inspector is authorized to 
 add a proportionate amoiint of average attendance for time so em- 
 ployed, or by using a smaller divisor. After having examined and 
 tested the correctness of the return, the Inspector should file away 
 and carefully preserve it, so that it may be handed over, with other 
 school documents, to his successor, when he retires from office. 
 
 15. Check against incorrect Returns. — The half yearly return of 
 the pupils' names, and number of days on which they attended 
 during each month, will be a check against false or exaggerated 
 
10 
 
 returns ; as the Inspector can, in his visit to any school, take the 
 return with him, compare it with the school register, and make any 
 further enquiries he may deem necessary. He should also, at his 
 visits to the school, take notes in his book of the school attendance, 
 <fcc. The return, carefully compiled, will furnish materials for the 
 statistical tables in the Inspector's report, and will show at what 
 periods of the year the attendance of pupils at the schools is the 
 largest, and how many attend school two, four, six, &c., months of 
 the year, as required under the compulsory sections of the Act. 
 
 16. Apportionment of ScJwol G^rant. — The returns in the trustees* 
 half-yearly reports must form the basis for apportioning the School 
 Fund to the several public schools of each township. The Legisla- 
 tive Grant forms the School Fund for the first half year, and the 
 Municipal Assessment the School Fund for the second half year. 
 The Inspector is required to apportion each half year's School Fund 
 to every section, whether the school be in operation or not, for 
 that half year. In making the apportionment, the attendance of 
 non-resident* pupils (authorized by the one hundred and forty- 
 sixth section of the Consolidated School Act,) is to be reckoned 
 as belonging to the section in which they are actual residents, and 
 not to the section in which they may attend school. See regula- 
 tion 15 of " Duties of Trustees.'^ 
 
 17. Cheqiies to Teachers. — Any cheques for school money due a 
 section, must be made payable to the (qualified) teacher or his 
 order, and to no other person (see hundred and twelfth (4) section 
 of the School Act) ; and no cheque can be given to such teacher ex- 
 cept on an order signed by a majority of the trustees of the school 
 section, and attested by a lawful corporate seal, and then only for 
 the time during which the teacher has held a legal certificate of 
 qualification, not cancelled, suspended, recalled or expired. (See 
 twenty-sixth (12) and ninetieth sections of the School Act.) In 
 giving cheques to male teachers the half-yearly pajnnent of two dol- 
 lars to the Superannuated Teachers' Fund must be deducted by the 
 Inspector. (See regulations 10 and 25 of this chapter.) 
 
 18. Use of Authorized Text Books. — Inspectors are required by 
 law (section 112(10)) to see that the law and regulations on the 
 subject of text books are carried out. 
 
 19. The Inspector an Umpire, and ex-ojfficio Evamin^r. — The law 
 virtually makes Inspectors umpires in all arbitrations relating to 
 
 ♦ Non-resident pupils are those whose parents or guardians are not resi- 
 dents of the section or school division. Such pupils do not become residentu 
 by boarding in the section or division while attending school, until the expir- 
 ation of a year. (This rule does not apply to apprentices, or to parties who 
 move into the section with a view to become bona fide residents. ) A rate- 
 payer in a section or division employing temporarily a minor (whos* 
 parents or guardians reside outside of the section, &c.) cannot lawfully 
 report such minor in the school census, nor claim to send him as a resident 
 unless he is duly apprenticed to such ratepayer. Adopted children and 
 orphans, having guardians, who are 6ona .^df residents, suid other children 
 who are bona fide residents of the school section or division, not having 
 parents or guardians shall not be admitted until the guardian, adopted 
 parent, friend, or person with whom they reside, shall furnish the trustee* 
 with satigfactory e\'idence of such adoption, guardianship or hona fide 
 vesideuoe. 
 
11 
 
 school sites, and difterences of opinion between auditors in regard 
 to school section accounts. It also authorizes them to call the 
 meetings of Reeves and Inspectors, for the formation or alteration 
 of union school sections, and requires them to transmit to the 
 township clerk information of all such changes as they may make 
 in the boundaries of school sections. It further authorizes them to 
 settle all local school disputes, school elections, &c., subject to an 
 appeal to the Education Department against their decision. The * 
 Inspectors are also members of the Board of Examiners for the 
 examination of teachers, also for the admission of pupils to the High 
 Schools. 
 
 20. Chairman of Examining Board. — The Inspector shall act as 
 Chairman of the Board of Examiners, and shall perform such other 
 duties as are prescribed for him in the Powtrs arui Duties of Public 
 School Examiners ; and the Inspector shall notify the Education ^ 
 Department at least two weeks before the half-yearly examination, 
 of the number of copies of the examination papers which will be 
 required for his county, city or town. 
 
 21. As to School Meetitujs and Electio'ius. — The law requires County 
 Inspectors to decide upon any complaints which may be made within 
 twenty days in regard to the election of (rural) school trustees, or 
 in regard to any proceedings at school meetings. The law declares 
 that the decision must be either " to confirm" or " set aside" the 
 election or proceeding (subject to an appeal to the Chief Superin- 
 tendent), and not to dismiss the complaint, or refuse to entertain 
 it. If the proceedings be set aside, a reasonable time should 
 be allowed to permit the parties concerned to appeal before calling 
 another meeting, or otherwise carrying out the decision of the 
 Inspector. The decision should be given as soon as possible, but 
 not necessarily within the twenty days. A reasonable time may be 
 taken by the Inspector to investigate the complaint, and if he de- 
 sires it, to apply to the Chief Superintendent, for advice on any 
 doubtful point. 
 
 22. To dficide Cases, and give Counsel and Advice. — The Inspector 
 should promptly adjudicate upon all cases submitted to him, after 
 hearing both sides, and give such counsel and advice (in harmony 
 with the School Law and Regulations) as shall in his judgment best 
 promote the interests of the schools, and prevent disputes and liti- ^ 
 gation in the various neighbourhoods. 
 
 23. Conditions of Payment of htspector's Salary. — The proportion 
 of each County Inspector's salary, payable by the Government, 
 will be certified quarterly to the Provincial Treasurer by the Chief 
 Superintendent, on the following conditions : — 
 
 (1) That the name and address of the Inspector appointed by 
 the County Council has been duly certified to the Education De- 
 partment by the County Clerk. 
 
 (2) That such Inspector possesses a legal certificate of qualification 
 from the Education Department. 
 
 (3) That he has faithfully performed the duties of his oflice during 
 the time specified in regulation two of this chapter, and in the 
 manner prescribed by the law and regulations. 
 
 (4) That he has promptly transmitted half-yearly to the Educa- 
 tion Department, with the names of the Teachers (to be afterwards 
 
12 
 
 certified from his cheques by the County Auditors at the end of 
 each year), the semi-annual subscriptions to the Superannuated 
 Teachers' Fund by the male tesichers under his jurisdiction. 
 
 (5) That the required reports and returns have been duly sent in 
 to the Education Department, and found to be correct (including 
 his annual special report on each school, as provided for in regula- 
 tion five of this chapter). 
 
 [Note. — Each Public or Separate School-house in use for a school 
 in a legally established (or duly recognized) school section or division, 
 within the jurisdiction of the Inspector, shall be counted as one 
 school (whether such school be in actual operation, or temporarily 
 closed for not longer than six months). And each department of a 
 school, with a register of its own, and taught in a separate room or 
 flat of a building, so as to involve the additional oversight and 
 examination of an ordinary school, on the part of an Inspector at 
 his ofl5cial visits, shall also be counted as one school ; but a school 
 with one or more departments, when closed, shall only be regarded 
 as one school, for the time limited above — beyond which time no 
 school which is closed shall be counted.] 
 
 VI. Qualifications and Duties of Public School Examiners. 
 
 1. Law respecting the Cotistitiition and Payment of the Board. — 
 The School Law provides that every County Council (section 1 15), 
 and every City Public School Board, shall appoint a county or city 
 Board of Examiners, for the examination and licensing of teachers, 
 in accordance with the regulations provided by law, consisting of 
 the county or city Inspector (as the case may be,) and two or more 
 other competent persons, whose qualitications shall, from time to 
 time, be prescribed by the Council of Public Instruction ; in no 
 such Board shall the number of members exceed five ; in all cases 
 the majority of the members appointed shall constitute a quorum 
 for the transaction of business ; and the payment of their expenses 
 is to be provided for by the County Council or City School Board 
 (section 117). 
 
 2. Qiialijications. — The Examiners shall be appointed annually 
 from among persons holding the legal certificates of qualification 
 granted by the Education Department. [School Acts, 37 Vict., 
 chap. 28, sec. 115 a ; and chap. 27, sec. 27 (21).] All Head Masters 
 of Gr'ammar or High Schools, and those Graduates in Arts who 
 have proceeded regularly to their degrees in any University in 
 the British Dominions, and have taught in a college or school 
 not less than three years ; all candidates for Degrees in Arts in 
 the Universities of the United Kingdom, who, previously to the 
 year 1864, possessed all the statutable requisites of their res- 
 pective Universities for admission to such degrees, and have 
 taught in a college or school not less than three years ; and all 
 Teachers of Common or Public Schools who have obtained First- 
 class Provincial Certificates of qualification, or who may obtain 
 
 Note. — Certi^ates of Elirdbility — Candidates entitled to Certificates of 
 Eligibility as County or City Inspectors or Examiners, will receive them on 
 application to the Education Department, and no appointment will be re- 
 cognized as valid unless the persun holds such certificate. 
 
13 
 
 such certiticates under the provisions of the present law, shall 
 be considered as legally qualified to be appointed members of 
 a County or City Board of Examiners, without further exa- 
 mination, on their obtaining from the Education Department, 
 for the satisfaction of the County Council or City Board, a certifi- 
 cate of their having complied with this regulation, and being eligible 
 under its provisions . 
 
 3. Granting of Certijicates. — The duties and powers of the Ex- 
 aminers, and the conditioiis under which certificates are to be 
 granted, are contained in the hundred and eighteenth and following 
 sections of the Act. 
 
 4. Meetings of Examiners. — The presiding Inspector shall convene 
 meetings of the Examiners, for the purpose of arranging and deter- 
 mining on all matters relative to the examinacions, and he shall 
 preside at all such meetinrrs, or, in his absence, any other Inspector 
 present shall preside, or should no Inspector be present, the ex- 
 aminers may elect their own temporary chairman. 
 
 5. Obligation of Examiners. — Each Examiner, by his acceptance 
 of office, binds himself in honour to give no information to candi- 
 dates, directly or indirectly, by which the approaching examination 
 of that candidate might be affected. 
 
 6. i^ispervded Certificates — Appeals. — The Board of Examiners 
 shall investigate all cases of appeal to it, against the act of the 
 Inspector in suspending a teacher's second or third class certificate, 
 and shall transmit to the Chief Superintendent through the Inspec- 
 tor, its report, together with the evidence taken thereon, in the case 
 of second class certiticates (which are Provincial in their character), 
 and the Chief Superintendent, shall either confirm or annul such 
 suspension of a second-class certificate, but the action of the Board 
 of Examiners shall be final with respect to third-class certificates. 
 
 VII- Examination of Candidates for Certificates as Fabiic 
 School Teachers and Monitors. 
 
 (I.) General Regulatiori^ for the Annual Examination,. 
 
 1. Tirrve and place of Examination. — The yearly examination of 
 candidates for second and third class certificates, shall be held in 
 each County Town, on a day to be fixed by the Chief Superin- 
 tendent, in the month of July, in each year, and shall continue for 
 not more than six houi-s each for five days. It shall be held in 
 such building as may be appointed by the Inspector, who shall 
 give at least three weeks' public notice thereof in such manner as 
 he shall deem expedient. The examination of candidates for first- 
 claas certificates, shall be held at the same place on the Tuesday 
 next after the close of the other examination ; but all candidates 
 for first-class certificates, who do not already J)ossess second-class 
 Provincial certificates shall be required to previously pass the ex- 
 amination for such second-class certificate. 
 
 2. Notice and Testimonials. — Every candidate, who proposes to 
 present himself at any examination, shall send in to the presiding 
 Inspector, at least three weeks before the day appointed for the 
 commencement of the examination, a notice stating the class of 
 
14 
 
 certiiicate for which h( is a candidate, and the description of cer- 
 tificate he already poss sses, if any ; such notice to be accompanied 
 by the testinnaiial requ red by the programme. 
 
 3. Inspector to Presih — Bis Duties. — The Inspector shall be 
 Chairman of the Board of Examiners, and as such shall receive 
 and be responsible for t le safe keeping, unopened, of the examina- 
 tion papers until the day of the examination. He shall also at the 
 close of the examination of candidates for first-class certificates, seal 
 up separately, and transmit without delay, to the Education De- 
 partment (by express, prepaid and receipted), the answers received 
 from each candidate, together with all certificates of character, 
 ability and experience in teaching, which such candidates may have 
 presented to the board. He shall further see that the written 
 answers received from candidates for second and third class certifi- 
 cates, and all reports thereon, as approved by the board, together 
 with the list of certificates issued by it, are also, as soon as possible 
 after the close of the examinations, transmitted by express prepaid 
 to the Education Department. 
 
 4. Declaration of Examiners. — The presiding Inspector shall 
 transmit to the Chief Superintendent, on the first day of the ex- 
 amination, a copy of the following declaration, signed by himself 
 and the other examiners (but such declaration shall not be required 
 more than once from any examiner) : — 
 
 * * I solemnly declare that I will perform my duty of examiner 
 without fear, favour, afiection or partiality towards any candidate, 
 and that I will not knowingly allow to any candidate any advantage 
 which is not equally allowed to all." 
 
 5. Proceedings at Eocamination. — The Inspector shall preside at 
 the opening of the examination ; and, at 9 o'clock on the morning 
 of the first day, in the presence of such of his colleagues as may be 
 there, and of the candidates, he shall break the seal of the package 
 of examination papers received for that examination, from the Edu- 
 cation Department. He shall also break open the seal of each addi- 
 tional packet of examination papers as required, in the presence of 
 a co-examiner and of the candidates. He shall further see that at 
 least one examiner is present during the whole time of the exami- 
 nation, in each room occupied by the candidates. He shall, if de- 
 sirable, appoint one or more of his co-examiners (1) to preside at 
 the examination in any of the subjects named in the programme : 
 (2) to read and report upon the answers as they are received ; but 
 under no circumstances shall a certificate of qualification be awarded 
 to any candidate until the report of his answers, together with his 
 certificates of character and service, etc. , shall have been considered 
 and approved by a majority of the board, the Inspector being pre- 
 sent. 
 
 6. Viva voce, and Special Examinations in certain subjects. — The 
 Board of Examiners shall subject the candidates to viva voce exami- 
 nation in reading, of the result of which a record shall be made. It 
 shall also have authority to obtain the services of special examiners 
 in vocal music and linear drawing, in case members of the board 
 are not familiar with these subjects. The report of the examiners 
 on these subjects shall be in writing addressed to the Inspector. 
 The payment for such services shall be certified by the Inspector 
 
15 
 
 to the county treasurer or secretary of the City Public School 
 Board under the authority of the hundred and seventeenth sec- 
 tion of the School Act. 
 
 7. Appeals from, Decmoiis of Local Examiners. — Any Teacher 
 w o may have been examined by a County or City Board, and 
 any Trustee or Head Master of a High School or Collegiate In- 
 stitute, shall have the right to appeal to the Chief Superintendent 
 against the decision of a Local Board of Examiners or of a Public 
 or High School Inspector. Every such appeal shall be made 
 in writing to the Chief Superintendent -within two weeks from 
 the time when the decision of the Local Board or Inspector is 
 known to the appellant, and not later than one month after the 
 decision itself was communicated to the Teacher or Board con- 
 cerned. A copy of the appeal, with full particulars of objections, 
 shall be sent by the appellant to the Board or presiding Inspector. 
 No appeal shall be entertained by the Chief Superintendent which 
 is not made in accordance with these regulations. — 37 Vic. , chap. 
 27, sec. 32 (2). 
 
 6. KxamiiHitimi to be on Paper — Drawing — Music. — The examina- 
 tion, except in reading, shall be conducted wholly on paper. A 
 written examination in the principles of linear drawing and vocal 
 music will be required of all candidates. The further special ex- 
 amination in linear drawing, on the blackboard, and practice of 
 vocal music, provided for in Regulation 10 of the Powers and 
 Duties of Examiners, is at the discretion of each Board. 
 
 9. Information for Chief Superintendent. — The presiding Inspec- 
 tor shall furnish to the Chief Superintendent fuU returns and other 
 information in all matters relating to the results of the examina- 
 tions, and any points relative to the examinations, on which a 
 majority of the Examiners do not agree, shall be referred to the 
 Chief Superintendent for decision. 
 
 10. Directions as to the Papers of Candidates. — The candidates, in 
 preparing their answers, will write only on one page of each sheet. 
 They will also write their names on each sheet, and having arranged 
 their papers in the order of the questions, will fold them once 
 across and write on the outside sheet their names, and the class of 
 certificate for which they are competing. After the papers are once 
 handed in, the Examiners will not allow any alteration thereof, and 
 the presiding Inspector is responsible for the subsequent safe-keep- 
 ing of the same, until he has transmitted them, with all surplus 
 Examination Papers, to the Education Department. 
 
 11. Punctuality in Proceeding — The presiding Inspector or Ex- 
 aminer must be punctual to the moment in distributing the papers, 
 and in directing the candidates to sign their papers at the close of 
 the allotted time. No writing, other than the signature, should be 
 permitted after the order to sign is given. The candidates are 
 required to be in their allotted places in the room before the hour 
 appointed for the commencement of the examination. If a candi- 
 date be not present till after the commencement of the examina- 
 tions, he cannot be allowed any additional time on account of such 
 absence. 
 
 J 2. Two Examiners for each Paper. — In examining the answers of 
 4, candidates, two Examiners at least should look over and report on 
 tach paper. 
 
16 
 
 if .V ■ 
 
 13. Marking Valuea of Aiiswers. — The Central Committee of Ex- 
 auiiners appointed by the Council of Public Instruction will, in a 
 paper, assign numerical values to each question or part of a ques- 
 tion, according to their judgment of its relative importance. The 
 local Examiners will give marks for the answer to any question in 
 correspondence with the number assigned to the question and the 
 completeness and accuracy of the answer. 
 
 14. Marks required for a, Certificate. — In order that a candidate 
 may obtain a second-class certificate, the sum of his marks must 
 amount, for grade A, to at least two-thirds, and for grade B, to 
 one-half of the aggregate value of all the papers ; in both cases 
 great importance should be attached to accurate spelling. The 
 candidate must also obtain for grade A , two-thirds, and for grade 
 B, one-half of the marks assigned to each of the subjects of A rith- 
 metic and €rrammar. In order to obtain a third-class certificate, 
 the marks must be not less than one-half of the aggregate value 
 of all the papers for certificates of that rank. A candidate for a 
 second-class certificate, who fails to obtain it, may be awarded a 
 third class certificate, provided such candidate obtains what would 
 be equivalent to fully one-half of the aggregate value of all the 
 papers for a third-class certificate. 
 
 16. Arrangement of Names. — The names of successful candidates 
 shall be arranged alphabetically, in classes and grades. 
 
 16. Penalty far Copying — Evidence.— In the event of a candidate 
 copying from another, or allowing another to copy from him, or 
 taking into the room any books, notes, or anything from which he 
 might derive assistance in the examination, it shall be the duty of 
 the presiding Examiner, if he obtain clear evidence of the fact at 
 the time of its occurrence, to cause such candidate at once to leaA'^e 
 the room ; neither shall such candidate be permitted to enter during 
 the remaining part of the examination, and his name shall be struck 
 off the list. If, however, the evidence of such case be not clear at 
 the time, or be obtained after the conclusion of the examination, 
 the Examiner shall report the case at a general meeting of the 
 Examiners, who shall reject the candidate if they deem the evidence 
 conclusive. 
 
 (2.) Conditions required of Candidates for Certificates. 
 
 1. Third CUiss — Age and Character. — To be eligible for examina- 
 tion for a Third-class (County) Certificate, the Candidate, if a 
 female, must be sixteen years of age ; if a male, must be eighteen 
 years of age ; and must furnish satisfactory proof of temperate habit* 
 and good moral character. 
 
 2. (Second Class — Age, Oiaracter and Experience. — Candidates for 
 Second-class (Provincial) Certificates must furnish satisfactory 
 proof of temperate habits and good moral character, and of having 
 successfully taught in a school three years, except in the special 
 cases hereinafter provided. The Candidate must also have pre- 
 viously obtained either a Third-class Certificate under the present 
 system of examinations, or a First or Second Class Certificate under 
 the former system. 
 
 3. First Class — Age, Character and Experience. — A Candidate for 
 a First-class (Provincial) Certificate must furnish satisfactory 
 
17 
 
 proof of temperate habits and good mora character, and of having^ 
 successfully taught in a school five years, or two years, if during 
 that period he has held a Second Class Certificate, granted under 
 these regulations, and all Candidates for First Class Certificates, 
 who do not already possess Second Class Provincial Certificates, 
 shall be required to previously pass the examination for sucli 
 Second Class Certificate. 
 
 4. Teachers for French and German SeHlements. — In regard to 
 teachers in French or German settlements, a knowledge of the 
 French or German Grammar respectively may be substituted for a 
 knowledge of the English Grammar, and the certificates to the 
 Teachers expressly limited accordingly. The County Councils 
 within whose jurisdiction there are French or German settlements, 
 are authorized to appoint one or more persons (who in their judg- 
 ment may be competent) to examine candidates in the French or 
 German language, at the annual examinations. 
 
 (a) Candidates from, ilie Normal ScJwol — When eligible. — Attend- 
 ance at the Normal School for Ontario, with the required practice 
 in the Model Schools, and passing the requisite examination for a 
 First Class Certificate, shall be considered equivalent to teaching 
 five years in a public or private school. So also, attendance at the 
 Normal School, with the required practice in the Model School, and 
 passing the requisite examinations for a Second Class Certificate, 
 shall be considered equivalent to teaching three years in a public or 
 private school. But those Normal School students only shall be 
 eligible to compete for First or Second Class Provincial Certificates, 
 who shall have successfully passed a terminal examination in the 
 subjects prescribed in the programme, and received a Norra&l 
 School Certificate to that eflect. 
 
 (3) Value and Duratio^i of Certificates, 
 
 1. First and Second Class. — First and Second Class Certificates 
 are valid during good behaviour, and throughout the Province of 
 Ontario, A First Class Certificate of any grade renders the holder 
 eligible for the office of Examiner of Public School Teachers ; that 
 of the highest grade (A) renders the holder eligible for the office of 
 Public School Inspector. Certificates of eligibility for these offices 
 are to be obtained on application at the Education Office. 
 
 2. Third Class. — Third Class Certificates are valid only in the 
 county where given or endorsed, and for three years unly, and not 
 renewable except on the recommendation of the County Inspector ; 
 but a teacher holding a Third Class Certificate may be eligible in 
 less than three years for examination for a Second Class Certificate, 
 on the special recommendation of his County Inspector. 
 
 3. Third Class Certificates shall only be endorsed by a Public 
 School Inspector having jurisdiction, at the request in writing of 
 a School Corporation, and on condition that the holder present a 
 certificate of good moral character, signed by a clergyman within 
 a month of the date of such application. 
 
 4. A Third Class Certificate shall be endorsed but once by the 
 same Inspector, and in no cjwe by more than two Public School 
 
18 
 
 Inspectors, nor shall it be endorsed in a county in which the holder 
 had previously held one of the same grade. 
 
 (4) Qualijications of Monitors and Assistants — Their Certificates. 
 
 Inspector may grant Certificates — Conditions. — At the request in 
 writing of any Public or Separate School Corporation, a Public 
 School Inspector may admit to examination any senior pupil or 
 other candidate for the position of Monitor or Assistant in such 
 School, on the following conditions : — 
 
 (a) The pupil or other candidate shall present to the Inspector 
 a certificate of good moral character, signed by a clergyman. 
 
 (6) The subjects of examination for the position of Monitor shall 
 be Reading, Writing, Spelling, and the elementary parts of Gram- 
 mar, Geography, and Arithmetic. 
 
 {c) The subjects of examination for th» position of Assistant 
 Teacher, shall be those prescribed for Third Class Certificates. 
 
 N. B. — A competent knowledge of those subjects, at the discre- 
 tion of the Inspector, shall be required. 
 
 {d) No candidate shall be admitted to examination for a Moni- 
 tor's certificate under fifteen years of age, or from a lower class than 
 the Fourth ; nor for a certificate as an assistant under sixteen years 
 of age, or from a lower class than the Fifth. 
 
 Duration of such Certificates^ — No certificate shall be given for a 
 longer period than one year. Such certificate may be specially 
 renewed-for twelve months at the discretion of the Inspector ; but 
 no certificate shall be granted a third time without re-examination. 
 
 Inspector may suspend or Cancel. — A certificate may be suspended^ 
 or cancelled at the discretion of an Inspector, for any cause which 
 he may deem sufiicient to warrant it. 
 
 Report to Chief Superintendent . — All certificates granted, sus- 
 pended or cancelled, and all other information desired, shall be 
 duly reported by the Inspectors to the Chief Superintendent of 
 Education. 37 Vict., chap. 28, sees. 112 (27), and 114 (18.) 
 
 (5) Minimum Qvulificaticns required for Teachers' Certificates. 
 
 1. Third Class County Certificates. 
 
 Reading. — To be able to read any passage selected from the author- 
 ized Reading Books intelligently, expressively, and with correct pro- 
 nunciation. 
 
 Spelling. — To be able to write correctly any passage that may be 
 dictated from the Reading Book. 
 
 Etymology. — To know the prefixes and affixes (Authorized Spell- 
 ing Book, pp. 154-169). 
 
 Orammar. — To be well acquainted with the elements of English 
 Grammar, and to be able to analyze and parse, with ai)plication of 
 the rules of Syntax, any ordinary prose sentence (Authorized Gram- 
 mars). 
 
 Composition. — To be able to write an ordinary business letter cor- 
 rectly, as to form, modes of expression, &c. 
 
 Writing. — To be able to write legibly and neatly. 
 
19 
 
 Geography.— To know the definitions (Lovell'a General Geogra- 
 phy), and to have a good general idea of physical and political geo- 
 graphy, as exhibited on the maps of Canada, America generally, 
 and Europe. 
 
 History.— To have a knowledge of the outlines of Ancient and 
 Modern History (Collier), including the introductory part of the 
 History of Canada, pp. 5-33 (Hodgins). 
 
 Arithmetic— To be thoroughly acquainted with the Arithmetical 
 Tables, Notation and Numeration, pimple and Compound Rules, 
 Greatest Common Measure and Least Common Multiple, Vulgar 
 and Decimal Fractions an^ Proportion, and to know generally the 
 reasons of the processes employed ; to be able to solve problems in 
 said rules with accuracy and neatness. To be able to work, with 
 rapidity and accuracy, simple problems in Mental Arithmetic (Au- 
 thorized Text Book). To be able to solve ordinary questions in 
 Simple Interest. 
 
 Education. — To have a knowl<^:^_3 of School Organization and the 
 classification of pupils, and the School Law and Regulations rela- 
 ting to Teachers. 
 
 2. Seccynd Class Provincial Certifieatcs. 
 
 Beading. — To be able to read intelligently and expressively a 
 passage selected from any English author. 
 
 Spelling. — To be able to write correctly a passage dictated from 
 any English author. 
 
 Etymology, — To know the prefixes, afl&xes, and principal Latir 
 and Greek roots. To be able to analyze etymologically the words 
 of the Reading Books (Authorized Spelling Book). 
 
 Orammar. — To be thoroughly acquainted with the definitions 
 and orraniDiatical forma and rules of Syntax, and to be able to ana- 
 lyze and parse, with application of said rules, any sentence in prose 
 or verse (Authorized Text Books), 
 
 Composition. — To be familiar with the forms of letter writing, 
 and to be able to write a prose composition on any simple subject, 
 correctly as to expression, spelling and punctuation. 
 
 Writing. — To be able to writ© legibly and neatly a good running 
 hand. 
 
 Geography. — To have a fair knowledge of physical and mathema- 
 tical geography. To know the boundaries of the Continents ; rela- 
 tive positions and capitals of the countries of the world, and the 
 positions, <&c., of the Chief Islands, Capes, Bays, Seas, Gulfs, Lakes, 
 Straits, Mountains, Rivers and River-slopes. To know the forms 
 of government, the religions and the natural products and manu- 
 factures of the principal countries of the world (Lovell'a General 
 Geography). 
 
 History. — To have a good knowledge of general, English and 
 Canadian History (Collier and Hodgins). 
 
 Education. — To be familiar with the general principles of the 
 science of Education. To have a thorough knowledge of the ap- 
 proved modes of teaching Reading, Spelling, Writing, Arithmetic, 
 Grammar, Composition, Geography, History, and Object Lessons. 
 To be well acquainted with the different methods of School Orgaui- 
 
20 
 
 zation and Management — including School Buildings and arrange- 
 ments, classification of pupils, formation of time and limit tables, 
 modes of discipline, &c., &c. To give evidence of practical skill in 
 teaching. 
 
 School Law. — To have a knowledge of the School Law and Official 
 Regulations relating to Trustees and Teachers. 
 
 Music. — To know the principles of Vocal Music, "i See Regulation 
 
 Drawing. — To understand the principles of > 8 in this sec- 
 Linear Drawing. ^ ) tion. 
 
 Book-Keeping. — To understaiid Book-Keeping by single and 
 double entry. 
 
 Arithmetic. — To be thoroughly fapiiliar with the Authorized 
 Arithmetic in theory and practice, and to be able to work problems 
 in the various rules. To show readiness and accuracy in working 
 problems in Mental Arithmetic. 
 
 Mensuration. — To be familiar with the principal rules for Men- 
 suration of Surfaces. 
 
 Algebra. — To be well acquainted with the subject as far as the end 
 of section 153, page ] 29, of the Authorized Text Book (Sangster). 
 
 Eti^lid. — Books I. II. with problems. 
 
 Note. — For female teachers only the first book of Euclid is re- 
 quired, 
 
 Natv/ral Fhilosophy. — To be acquainted with the properties of 
 matter and with Statics, Hydrostatics and Pneumatics, as set forth 
 in pages 1-100, Sangster's Natural Philosophy, Part I. 
 
 Chemistry. — To understand the elements of Chemistry, as taught 
 in the first part of Dr. Ryerson's First Lessons in Agriculture, 
 pages 9-76. 
 
 Botany. — To be familiar with the structure of plants, etc., and 
 the uses of the several parts (First Lessons in Agriculture). 
 
 Human Physiology. — Cutter's First Book on Anatomy, Physi- 
 ology and Hygiene.* 
 
 3. Additional for Second Glass Teachers who desire Special Certijicates 
 for Teaching Agriculture under Section, twenty-seven (19) of the 
 School Act, 37 Vic. Chap. 27. 
 
 Natural History. — General view of Animal Kingdom — Characters 
 of principal classes, orders and genera — (Gosse's Zoology for 
 Schools, or Wood's Natural History). 
 
 Botany. — Vegetable Physiology and Anatomy — Systematic 
 Botany — Flowering Plants of Canada — (Gray's How Plants Grow). 
 
 Agricultural Chemistry. — Proximate and ultimate constituents 
 of plants and soils — Mechanical and Chemical modes of improving 
 soils — Rotation of Crops — Agricultural and Domestic Economy, &c. 
 (Dr. Ryerson's First Lessons in Agriculture). 
 
 * The following little works are also highly recommended for perusal, botk 
 by Teachers and Pupils, viz.:—" The House I Live In," by T. C. Girtin, 
 Surgeon (Longmans), and " Our Earthly House and its Builder." (Religious 
 Tract Society.) 
 
21 
 
 4. First Class Provincial Certificates. 
 
 Reading. — To be able to read intelligently and expressively a 
 s^ passage selected from any English author. 
 
 - Spelling. — To be able to vnrite correctly a passage dictated from 
 any English author. 
 
 Etymology. — As for Second Class Teachers. 
 
 Grammar. — To be thoroughly acquainted with the subject, as 
 contained in the Authorized Text Books. 
 
 Compositiofk. — As for Second Class Teachers. 
 
 English Literature. — To have a general acquaintance with the 
 history of English Literature (Collier). 
 
 Writing. — As for Second Class Teachers. 
 
 Geography. — As for Second Class Teachers, and in addition to 
 possess a special knowledge of the Geography of British America 
 and the United States, including the relative positions of the Pro- 
 vinces and States, with their capitals ; to understand the structure 
 . of the crust of the earth ; use of the globes (Lovell's General Geo- 
 graphy, and Keith on the Globes). 
 
 History. — General English and Canadian (Collier and flodgins). 
 
 Education. — As for Second Class Teachers, and in addition to 
 possess a good knowledge of the elementary principles of Mental 
 and Moral Philosophy ; and to be acquainted with the methods of 
 teaching aU the branches of the Public School course. 
 
 School Law. — To be acquainted with the Law and Official Regu- 
 lations relating to Trustees, Teachers, Municipal Councils, and 
 School Inspectors. 
 
 Mitsic. — To know the principles of Vocal Music, 
 
 Drauring. — To evince facility in making perspective and outline 
 sketches of common objects on the blackboard. 
 
 Book-Keeping. — As for Second Class Teachers. 
 
 Arithmetic. — To know the subject as contained in the Authorized 
 Arithmetic, in theory and practice, to be able to solve problems in 
 arithmetical rules with accuracy, neatness and despatch. To be 
 ready and accurate in solving problems in Mental Arithmetic. 
 
 Mensuration. — To be familiar with rules for Mensuration of Sur- 
 face and Solids. 
 
 Algebra. — To know the subject as contained in the Authorized 
 Text Book completed. 
 
 r Euclid.— Books I. II. III. IV., Definit ms of V., and Book VL 
 with exercises. 
 
 NoTB. — For female teachers, the first book only of Euclid is re- 
 quired. If, however, the candidate desires a certificate of eligibi- 
 lity as an Examiner, the same examination must be passed in 
 Euclid as is required of male teachers. 
 
 Natural Philosophy. — As for Second Class Teachers ; and, in 
 addition, to be acquainted with Dynamics, Hydrodynamics and 
 Acoustics, pp. 109-167, Sangster's Natural Philosophy, Part I. 
 
 Chemical Physics. — To have a good general acquaintance with the 
 subjects of Heat, Light and Electricity. 
 
 Chemistry. — As for Second Class Teachers ; and to be familiar 
 with the Definitions, Nomenclature, Laws of Chemical Combina- 
 tion, and to possess a general knowledge of the Chemistry of the 
 Metalloids and Metals (Boscoe). 
 
Euman Physiology. — As for Second Class Teachers. 
 
 Natural History. — General View of Animal Kingdom — Charac- 
 ters of principal classes, orders and genera (Gosse's Zoology for 
 Schools or Wood's Natural History). 
 
 Botany. — Vegetable Physiology and Anatomy — Systematic Bot- 
 any — Flowering Plants of Canada (Gray's How Plants Grow). 
 
 Agricultural Chemistry. — Proximate and ultimate constituents of 
 plants and soils — Mechanical and Chemical modes of improving 
 soils — Rotation of crops, &c. , &c. (Dr. Ryerson's First Lessons in 
 Agriculture). 
 
 ym. Fowen and Baties of Masters and Teachers of Public 
 
 Schools. 
 
 Note <m Legal Obligation. — The ninetieth and the following sec- 
 tions of the School Act, prescribe, in explicit and comprehensive 
 terms, the duties of teachers ; and no teacher can legally claim his 
 salary who disregards the requirements of the law. Among other . 
 things the Act requires each teacher to '* maintain proper order and 
 discipline in his school, according to the authorized forms and regu- 
 lations. " The law makes it the duty of the Chief Superintendent 
 of Education to provide the forms, and the Council of Public In- 
 struction prescribes the following regulations for the guidance of 
 masters and teachers in the conduct and discipline of their schools. 
 
 1. Deaigtiation of Master and Teachers. — In every school in which 
 there are two or more teachers employed therein, the trustees 
 shall determine who shall be considered as the master of the school. 
 The head teacher employed in any Public School, in which there 
 is more than one teacher, shall be designated and known as the 
 master, and the others shall be named &rat, second, or third, &c., 
 assistant teacher. 
 
 (1) POWERS UTD DUTIES OF MASTERS. 
 
 Authority as a Public Officer. — The master of every school is a pub- 
 lic officer, and, as ouch, shall have power, and it shall be his duty 
 to observe and enforce the following rules : — 
 
 1. See that the Rules are observed. — He shall see that these general 
 rules and regulations, and any special rules (not inconsistent with 
 them) which may be approved by the trustees for their respective 
 schools, are duly and faithfully carried out, subject to appeal, in 
 case of dissatisfaction, to the Inspector. 
 
 2. Prescribe Duties of Teachers. — He shall prescribe (with the 
 assent of the trustees) the duties .of the several teachers in his 
 school, but he shall be responsible for the control »nd management 
 of the classes under their charge. 
 
 3. Power to Suspend Pupils. — He shall suspend (subject to appeal, 
 by the parent or guardian, to the trustees) any pupU, for any of 
 the following reasons : 
 
 (i.^ Truancy persisted in. 
 
 (2.) Violent opposition to authority. 
 
 (3.) Repetition of any offence after notice. 
 
 (4.) Habitual and determined neglect of duty. 
 
23 
 
 (5.) The use of profane, obscene, or other improper language. 
 
 (6.) General bad conduct, and bad example, to the injury of th« 
 school. 
 
 (7.) Cutting, marring, destroying, defacing, or injuring any of 
 the Public School property, such as buildings, furniture, fences, 
 trees, shubbery, seats, Ac; or writi;ig any obscene or improper 
 words on the fences, privies, or any part of the premises ; pro- 
 vided that any master suspending a pupil for any of the causes 
 above-named, shall immediately, after such suspension, give notice 
 thereof, in writing, to the parent ot" guardian of such pupil, and 
 to the trustees, in which notice shall be stated the reason for such 
 suspension ; but no pupil shall be expelled without the authority 
 of the trustees. [See fdso regulation 2 of the " Duties of Assistant 
 Teachers." which also applies to Masters.] 
 
 4. Expulsion of Pupils. — When the example of any pupil is very 
 hurtful to the school, and in all cases where reformation appears 
 hopeless, it shall be the duty of the master, with the approbation 
 of the trustees, to expel such pupil from the school. But any pu- 
 pil under public censure, who shall express to the master his regret 
 for such a course of conduct, as openly and explicitly as the case may 
 require, shall with the approbation of the trustees and master, be 
 re-admitted to the school. The hundred and eighty-second section 
 of the School Law, declares '* that any pupil who shall be adjudged so 
 refractory by the trustees (or by a majority of them) and the 
 teacher, that his presence in the school is deemed injurious to the 
 other pupils, may be dismissed from such school, and, where prac- 
 ticable, removed to an Industrial School" 
 
 5. Care of School Property. — He shall exercise the strictest 
 vigilance over the Public School property under his charge, — the 
 building, outhouses, fences, &c., furniture, apparatus, and books 
 belonging to the school, so that they may receive no injury ; and 
 give prompt notice, in writing, to the trustees, or person appointed 
 by them, under regulation 13 of the Duties of Trustees, (if in cities, 
 towns, or villages, to the Inspector,) of any repairs which may 
 require to be made to the building, premises, or furniture, &c., and 
 of any furniture or supplies which may be required for the schoijl. 
 
 6. Regulations in regard to School Premises, d:c. — The Trustees 
 having made such provision relative to the school-house and its 
 appendages, as are required by the twenty-sixth (9) section, 
 and the eighty-sixth (6) section of the School Act, and as pro- 
 vided in regulation 9 of the " Duties of Trustees" it shall be the 
 duty of the Master to give strict attention to the proper ventilation 
 and temperature,* as well as to the cleanliness of the school 
 houso ; he shall also prescribe such rules for the use of the yard 
 and out-buildings connected with the school-house, as will insure 
 their being kept in a neat and proper condition ; and he shall be 
 held responsible for any want of cleanliness about the premises. 
 
 7. School to be open for Pupils. — Care must be taken to have th« 
 school-house ready for the reception of pupils at least fifteen 
 minutes before the time prescribed for opening the school, in order 
 
 * See note te (o) of rejfulatlon 4 of the " DutUa of Imptctora."- -Vige 5. 
 
24 
 
 to afford shelter to those who may arrive before the appointed hour. 
 (See regulation 12 " Duties of Assistant Teachers.") 
 
 8. Out Premises. — He shall see that the yards, sheds, privies, and 
 other out-buildings are kept in order, and that the school-house 
 and premises are locked at all proper times ; and that all deposits 
 of sweepings, from rooms or yards, are removed from the premises. 
 
 9. Fires and Sweepiny. — He shall employ, at a compensation to 
 be fixed by the trustees, a suitable person to make fires, to sweep 
 the rooms and halls daily, and dust the windows, walls, seats, 
 desks, and other furniture in the same ; but no assistant teacher or 
 pupil shall be required to perform such duty, unless voluntarily, 
 and with suitable compensation. 
 
 10. Librarian. — He shall act as librarian of the school, and take 
 charge of the books ; also make, keep, and preserve a catalogue of 
 the same ; deliver, charge, receive, and credit the volumes given 
 out ; and keep a register of the same ; number, label, and cata- 
 ]<y<n:v the books ; and make returns of the library, its books, &c., 
 as required by the library regulations. 
 
 11. The Library.— He shall keep the library open for the distribu- 
 tion (and return) of books to their scholars, and ratepayers of the 
 achool division, on Friday afternoon of each week ; but this duty 
 shall not be permitted to interfere with the regular exercises of the 
 achooL 
 
 12. Reports. — He shall make the necessary term, special, or an- 
 nual reports to the Trustees, to the Inspector or Chief Superin- 
 tendent, at such times and in such manner as may be required. 
 
 13. Geneial Register. — He shall keep a daily and a general admis- 
 sion register of the school (to be furnished by the trustees), in the 
 latter of which shall be entered, in each term, the date of the 
 admission of each pupil ; his or her name and age ; from whence 
 received ; the parent's or guardian's name and '•esidence ; the 
 names of each of the classes in the school, together with the 
 names of the pupils in each such classes ; the promotion of pupils 
 from one class to another ; record of attendance of the pupil ; 
 date of his leaving the school, and destination, both as to place 
 and occupation ; and such other information as shall at all times 
 give a correct idea of the condition of the school. 
 
 15. Religious Exercises — Ten Commandments. — He shall see that 
 the regulations in regard to Opening and Closing Exercises of the 
 Day (Chapter III.) are observed, and that the Ten Commandments 
 are duly taught to all the pupils and repeated by them once a 
 week. 
 
 (2.) DUTIES OF ASSISTANT TEACHERS. 
 
 The teacher of each class or department of a school shall observe 
 the following regulations : — 
 
 1. Instruction of PupiU. — He shall give the children under his 
 charge constant employment in the studies prescribed in the author- 
 ized programme; and endeavour, by judicious and diversified 
 modes, to render the exercises of the school pleasant, as well as 
 profitable. 
 
 2. Discipline. — He shall practise such discipline in his school, 
 class, or department, as would be exercised by a kind, firm, and 
 
25 
 
 judicious parent in his family. It is strictly enjoined upon all 
 teachers in the schools to avoid the appearance of indiscreet haste 
 in the discipline of their pupils ; and, in any difficult cases which 
 may occur, to apply to the master, Inspector, or to the trustees 
 (as the case may be) for advice and direction.* 
 
 3. ReguMiom to be read. — He shall read, or cause to be refA, to 
 his class, at least once in each quarter, (or otherwise inform the 
 pupils of) so much of the regulations as shall be necessary to give 
 them a proper understanding of the rules by which they a^e 
 governed. 
 
 4. Register. — He shall keep the register (provided by the Educa- 
 tion Department, and furnished by the trustees), and remain their 
 property, in which shall be entered the names and daily attend- 
 ance of pupils, their proficiency in various studies and other in- 
 formation. 
 
 5. Returns. — He shall make such returns, and at such times, as 
 may be required by the master, Inspector, or trustees, relating to 
 his class, school or department. 
 
 (3.) ADDITIONAL DUTIES OF MASTERS AND TEACHEK8. 
 
 It shall also be the duty of each master and teacher of a Public 
 and Separate School to observe the following regu]|itions : — 
 
 1. General Principles of Government. — Masters and teachers are to 
 evince a regard for the improvement and general welfare of their 
 pupils ; treat them with kindness, combined with firmness, and aim 
 at governing them by their aflfections and reason, rather than by 
 harshness and severity. Teachers shall also, as far as practicable, 
 exercise a general care over their pupils in and out of school, and 
 shall not confine their instruction and superintendence to the usual 
 school studies, but shall, as far as possible, extend the same to the 
 mental and moral training of such pupils, to their personal deport- 
 ment, to the practice of correct habits and good manners among 
 thefh, and to omit no opportunity of inculcating^the principles of 
 Tbuth and Honesty, the duties of respect to superiors, and 
 obedience to all persons placed in authority over them. 
 
 2. Merit Cards — Prizes. — In all the schools, the series of Merit 
 Cards, prepared and authorized by the Education Department, 
 shall be regularly used ; and if prizes are given, it must be on the 
 principles laid down in that series of cards. 
 
 3. State of Feeling among Pupils. — Masters and teachers shall 
 cultivate kindly and aflFectionate feelings among the pupils ; dis- 
 countenance quarrelling, cruelty to animals, and every approach to 
 vice. 
 
 4. Ahsetiee. — No master or teacher shall be absent from the school 
 in which he or she may be employed, without permission of the 
 trustees or Inspector, except in case of sickness, in which case the 
 
 '• * The following are modes to be adopted or avoided : — 
 
 (a) Proper.— Reproof kindly > it firmly given, either in private or before the school, 
 as circumsta'ices reqxiire it, or iuch severe punishment as the case really warrant«, 
 administered as directed in tha above regulation. 
 
 (b) Improper.— Contemptuous language, reproof administered in passion, personal 
 indignity or torture, and violation of the laws of health. 
 
absence of such teacher shall be immediately reported to the trus- 
 tees ; and no deduction from the salary of a teacher, within th« 
 limits prescribed by law, shall be made on account of sickness, a* 
 certified by a medical man. 
 
 5. Subscriptions^ Collections, Presents, <tc. — No collection shall be 
 taken up, or subscriptions solicited for any purpose, or notice of 
 shows, or exhibitions given in any Public School, without the con- 
 sent of the trustees ; nor, as provided in the Act (section 143), 
 shall the masters or teachers act as agents for books, or sell 
 stationery, &c., or receive presents (unless presented to them 
 on leaving the school), nor award, without the permission of the 
 trustees, medals or other prizes of their own to the pupils under 
 their charge. 
 
 6. Teachers' Meetings. — All masters and teachers in cities, towns, 
 and villages, shall regularly attend the teachers' meetings, at such 
 times, and under such regulations, as the Inspector shall direct ; and 
 they shall by study, recitations, and general exercises, strive to 
 systematize and perfect the modes of discipline and of teaching 
 in the Public Schools. 
 
 7. Teaching. — They shall classify the children according to the 
 books used ; study those books themselves, and teach according to 
 the improved methods recommended in their prefaces. In giving tnit 
 the lessons for the ne^t day, difficult parts should be explained, and, 
 where necessary, the best mode of studying them pointed out. 
 
 8. Visiting Schools. — The Inspector may permit a master or 
 teacher to be absent two of the ordinary teaching days in each half- 
 year, for the purpose of visiting and observing the methods of 
 classification, teaching and discipline practised in other schools than 
 that in which he or she teaches ; and such visit, with the name of 
 the school or schools visited, shall be duly reported by such master 
 or teacher to the Inspector ;* but such permission shall not be given 
 by the Inspector if the absence of the teacher will be, in his judg- 
 ment, injurious to the interests of the school ; nor shall this per- 
 mission be granted to any master or teacher who fails to repoit, or 
 who has employed the time heretofore given to him for this pur- 
 pose otherwise than in visiting schools, as authorized by this re- 
 gulation. 
 
 9. Time- Table. — They shall keep in some conspicuous place in the 
 school-room a Time Table, showing the order of exercises for every 
 day in the week, and the time for each exercise, as prescribed in the 
 programme of studies for Public Schools. 
 
 10. Classes. — The division of pupils into classes, as prescribed 
 by the programme, shall be strictly observed ; and no teacher shall 
 
 *Each High and Public School Master and Teacher must gire at least 
 three days' notice to the trustee ; and, in addition, the High School Master 
 must communicate with the Educational Department, so that he may not b« 
 absent during the visits of the Inspector to his schooL In order that no los» 
 of apportionment may accrue to any school in consequemce of the master'* 
 absence under this regulation, a proportionate amount of average attendance 
 will be credited to the school for the time so employed by the teacher ; but 
 under no circumstances can lost time be lavrfully uade up by teaching on 
 any of the prescribed holidays, or half holidays, nor will such time be reck 
 «ne«l by the Department, er be allowed by the Inspector. 
 
27 
 
 be allowed to take his or her class beyond the limits fixed for the 
 classes taught by such teachers, without the consent of the master 
 or Inspector, except for occasional reviews ; but individual pupils, 
 on being qualified, may, with the consent of the master, be advanced 
 from a lower to the higher class. 
 
 11. Quarterly Examination. — Each class in every school shall be 
 open for public examination and inspection during the last week of 
 every quarter ; and the teacher shall call upon every pupil in the 
 school, unless excused, to review or recite in the course of such 
 examination. 
 
 12. In School at 81 A.M., tte. — All teachers shall be in their re- 
 spective schools, and open their rooms for the reception of pupils, 
 at least fifteen minutes in the morning, and five minutes in the 
 afternoon, before the 3pecified time for beginning school ; and dur- 
 ing school hours they shall faithfully devote themselvos to the 
 duties of their ofiice. 
 
 13. Visitors* Book. — They shall keep the visitors' book (which is 
 required by law to be furnished by the trustees), in which shall be 
 entered the dates of visits and names of visitors, with such remarks 
 as such visitors may choose to make. 
 
 14. Fisitors. -They shall receive courteously tho visitors appointed 
 by law, and afford them every facility for inspecting the books used , 
 and for examining into the state of the school ; shall keep the 
 visitors' book accessible, that the visitors may, if they choose, enter 
 remarks in it. 
 
 Note. — The frequency of visits to the school by intelligent persons ani- 
 wates tb« pupils, and greatly aids the faithful teacher. 
 
 IX. Dnties of Pupils in the Pablic Schools. 
 
 1. Cleanliness and Good Conduct. — Pupils must come to school 
 clean and neat in their persons and clothes. They must avoid idle- 
 ness, profanity, falsehood, and deceit, quarrelling and fighting, 
 cruelty to dumb animals ; be kind and courteous to each other, 
 obedient to their instructors, diligent in their studies, and conform 
 to the rules of their school. 
 
 2. Tardiness on the part of pupils shall be considered a violation 
 of the rules of the school, and shall subject the delinquents to such 
 penalty as the nature of the case may require, at the discretion of 
 the master. 
 
 3. Leaving before Closing. — No pupil shall be allowed to depart 
 before the hour appointed for closing school, except in case of sick- 
 ness, or some pressing emergency ; and then the master or teacher's 
 consent must first be obtained. 
 
 4. Absence. — A pupil absenting himself from school, except on 
 account of sickness, or other urgent reasons satisfactory to the 
 master, forfeits his standing in the class, and his right to attend the 
 school for the remainder of the quarter. 
 
 6. Excuses. — Any pupil not appearing at the regular hour of com- 
 mencing any class of the school which he may be attending, without 
 a written excuse from his parent or guardian, may be denied 
 admittance to such school for the day, or half -day, at the discretion 
 •f the teacher. 
 
6. Punctual A tteKdance.— "Every pupil, once admitted to school, 
 and duly registered, shall attend at the commencement of each term, 
 and continue in punctual attendance nntil its close, or until he is 
 regularly withdrawn by notice to the teachers to that effect ; and no 
 pupil violating this rule shall be entitled to continue in such school, 
 or be admitted to any other, until such violation is certified by the 
 parents or guardians to have been necessary and unavoidable, which 
 shall be done personally or in writing. 
 
 7. What School to Attetid. — Pupils in cities, towns, and villages 
 shall be required to attend any particular school which may be 
 designated for them by the Inspector, with the consent of the 
 trustees. And the Inspector alone, under the same authority, 
 shall have the power to make transfers of pupils from one school 
 to another. 
 
 8. A bseiice from Examination. — Any pupil absenting himself from 
 examination, or any portion thereof, without permission of the 
 master, shall not thereafter be admitted to any Public School, 
 except by authority of the Inspector, in writing ; and the names of 
 all such absentees shall be reported by the master immediately to 
 the trustees ; and this rule shall be read to the school just before 
 the examination days, at the close of each quarter. 
 
 9. Going to and from School. — Pupils shall be responsible to the 
 master for any misconduct on the school premises, or in going to or 
 returning from school, except when accompanied by their parents 
 or ; ians, or some person appointed by them, or on their behalf. 
 '^•'lo. oply of Books. — No pupil shall be allowed to remain in the 
 school iless he is furnished with the books and requisites required 
 to be used by him in the school ; but in case of a pupil being in 
 danger of losing the advantages of the school, by reason of his in- 
 ability to obtain the necessary books or requisites, through the 
 poverty of his parent or guardian, the trustees have power to pro- 
 cure and supply such pupil with the books and requisites needed. 
 
 11. Fees for Books. — The fees for books and stationery, &c., as 
 fixed by the trustees in cities and towns, whether monthly or 
 quarterly, or fees for non-resident pupils, shall be payable in 
 advance ; and no pupil shall have right to enter or continue in the 
 school until he shall have paid the appointed fee, or it shall have 
 been paid on his behalf. 
 
 12. Property Injured. — Any property of the schools that may be 
 injured or destroyed by pupils, must be made good forthwith by the 
 parents or guardians, under a penalty of the suspension of the delin- 
 quent pupil. [See (7) of regulation 3 of the * ' Powers and Duties of 
 Masters."] 
 
 13. Contagious Diseases. — No pupil shall be admitted to, or con- 
 tinue in, any of the Public Schools who has not been vaccinated, or 
 who is afflicted with, or has been exposed to, any contagious disease, 
 until all danger of contagion from such pupil, or from the disease 
 or exposure, shall hh^^ passed away, as certified in writing by a 
 medical man. 
 
 14. Effects of Expulsion. — No pupil shall be admitted to any Pub- 
 lic School who has been expelled from any school, unless by the 
 written authority of the Inspector. See regulation 4, Duties of 
 Masters. 
 
39 
 
 15. Certificate on Leamng. — Every pupil entitled thereto shall, 
 when he leaves, or removes from, a school receive a certificate of 
 good conduct and standing, in the form prescribed, if deserving of 
 it. 
 
 X.— Public School Boards in Cities, Towns and Incorporated 
 
 Villages. 
 
 1. CoTistitutinn of the Board. — The School law provides that 
 
 For every ward into which any City or Town is divided : 
 
 (a) There shall be two School Trustees, each of whom, after 
 the first election of trustees, sha?! continue in office for two 
 years, and until his successor has been elected. 
 
 (6) One of the trustees elected shall retire on the second 
 - r Wednesday in Jaruary yearly in rotation (sec. 70). 
 
 In every town, not divided into wards, and in every incorporated 
 village, there shall be six school trustees, two of whom, after the 
 first election, shall retire from office yearly on the second Wednes- 
 day in January (sec. 75). 
 
 2. Ojfficer<i of the Board. — The law requires that there shall be 
 elected annually by the Board from among its own members (1) a 
 Chai/rman. The Board is also required to appoint for such period 
 as it may decide (2) a Secretary, and (3) in cities and towns an 
 hispector of Schools. It may also at its discretion appoint (4) a 
 Collector of school fees [for contiiigencies and non-resident pupils], 
 and (5) a Secreta/ry-Treasurer. 
 
 3. Proceedings of the Board. — The Board is authorized by law 
 " to appoint the times aiH places of their meetings and the mode of 
 calling them ; and of c-. aicting and recording their proceedings, 
 and of keeping all their school accounts." 
 
 4. Committees of the Board. — In addition to the officers of the 
 Board mentioned, the Board can most conveniently supervise the 
 details of its work by means of committees, viz. , (1) on Finance, 
 (2) School Buildings, (3) Appointment of Teachers, (4) Printing, 
 (5) Repairs and Supplies, (6) School Management, and any others 
 desired. The Board is authorized to " appoint a special committee 
 of not more than three persons [not necessarily members of the 
 Board] for the special charge, oversight, and management of each 
 school within the city, town or village." 
 
 5. Order of Business. — At every regular meeting of the Board it is 
 recommended that the order of proceeding shall be : — 
 
 (1) Reading and confirming the minutes. 
 
 (2) Reading and referring letters, memorials, &c. 
 
 (3) Giving notices of motion. 
 
 (4) Taking up unfinished business and former noticsB. 
 " (6) Presenting and adopting reports of committees. 
 
 (6) Miscellaneous business. 
 
 6. Rules of Order: — 
 
 (1) Qmrum. A majority of the members of the Board shall form 
 a quorum. 
 
 (2) The Chairman shall have one vote on all questions ; but in 
 case of a tie, the question shall be considered lost. 
 
m 
 
 (3) The Impector, by permission of the Board, may be present 
 and speak on any matter connected with his department or duties, 
 but shall have no vote on any question. 
 
 (4) Addressing Chairman — Every member, previous to speaking, 
 shall rise and address himself to the Chairman. 
 
 (5) Questions amd Replies — Quesi s asked and replies to mem- 
 berB, shall be through the Chairman. 
 
 (6) Order of Speaking — When two or more members rise at once, 
 the Chairman shall name the member who shall speak first, after 
 which the other member or members shall have the right to address 
 the meeting in the order named by the Chairman. 
 
 (7) Speaking Twice — No member shall speak more than 
 
 minutes or twice (except in Committee) on the same question or 
 amendment, without leave of the meeting, except in explanation 
 of something which may have been misunderstood, or in reply to 
 a question, until every one desiring to speak shall have spoken. 
 
 (8) Motion to he Bead — Each member may require the question 
 or motion under discussion to be read for his information at any 
 time, but not so aa to interrupt a member when speaking. 
 
 (9) Filling Blanks — In filling blanks the largest sum and the 
 longest time shall be put first. 
 
 (10) Non-Debatable Queatio^is — Motions (1) to adjourn, (2) lie on 
 the table, (3) for tie "previous question," or (4) upon the order 
 of business shall not be debatable. 
 
 (11) Previous Question — When the ** previous question " is decided 
 in the negative, the original question shall then remain before the 
 Board to be debated or put, &c. 
 
 (12) Proper Motions — When a question is under debate, no motion 
 shall be received but (1) to adjourn, (2) lie on the table, (3) for the 
 " previous question," (4) to postpone to a day certain, (5) to com- 
 mit, or recommit to a committee, (6) to award, or (7) to postpone 
 indefinitely — which several questions shall have precedence in the 
 order in which they are named. 
 
 (13) Questions Decided — No question decided by the Board shall 
 be again raised during the year, without the consent of a majority 
 o' the Board. 
 
 (14) Motions before the Meeting — All motions made and seconded 
 shall be considered in possession of the Board and shall be reduced 
 to writing, whenever required by a member ; they may be with- 
 drawn at any time before decision, with the consent of the meeting. 
 
 (1 5) Kind of Motion to be Beceived — When a motion is under 
 debate, no other motion shall be received, unless to amend it or to 
 postpone it, or for adjournment ; but no motion or proposition on 
 a subject different from the one under consideration shall be 
 introduced under colour of an amendment. 
 
 (16) Order of Putting Motions — All questions shall be put ^ -he 
 order in which they are moved. Amendments shall be put oefore 
 the main motion ; the last amendment first, and so on. 
 
 7. Kinds of Schools Authorized. — The Board is authorized "to 
 determine the number, sites, kind, and description of schools to be 
 established in the city, town or village," viz : — 
 
 (1) A central school for boys ) ^^ ^^^^ combined. 
 
 (2) A central school for girls ) 
 
31 
 
 (3) A primary school for each ward. 
 
 (4) Tntermediate schools in convenient localities, &c. 
 
 (5) Infant schools in convenient localities or connected with the 
 ward schools. 
 
 (6) Industrial schools for neglected cliildren. 
 
 XL -Powers and Duties of Public School Trustees in Eural 
 
 Sections. 
 
 1. School Meetiiigs. — The notice calling an annual or special 
 •chool meeting, should specify the placp, time and objects of the 
 meeting. It may be signed by the secretary, by direction of the 
 trustees, or by a majority of the trustees themselves. The corporate 
 seal need not be attached to it. Three notices should be put up in 
 conspicuous places in the section, at least six days before the meet- 
 ing. See chapter viii of the regulations. 
 
 2. Declaratioii of Office.— E\eTy trustee, on his election, is 
 required by law to make a verbal declaration of office in presence of 
 the chairman of the meeting. If the chairman himself be elected he 
 must make the declaration before the secretary of the meeting. In 
 no case is an oath of office, or signed declaration by the trustee elect, 
 required. The act must be verbally performed.* Even if it be not 
 performed, the trustee is nevertheless a legal trustee until he is 
 fined by the magistrate for neglect to make the declaration. On 
 being fined, the office is vacated, and a new election should be at 
 once held. 
 
 3. Trustees' Tenure of Office — Vacancies. — Each rural trustee 
 is elected for three years, *' and until his successor is elected.'' 
 After his term has expired, he may refuse re-election for four 
 years. When in office, he may resign, with the consent (in writing) 
 of his colleagues and of the County Inspector. The removal of 
 himself and family from the section at once vacates his office ; but 
 if his home and his family remain in the section, he may be tem- 
 porarily absent for six mt>nths at a time before his office becomes 
 vacant 
 
 4. Personal responsibility of Trustees. — As moneys may be lost to 
 the section through the dishonesty or carelessness of the trustees, or 
 of the individuals to whom they may entrust it, without their 
 having taken proper security, or, by the neglect or refusal of the 
 trustees to keep open the school during each half-year, the law 
 makes the trustees personally responsible for the loss, and the 
 amount can be recovered from them for the benefit of the section. 
 As the law requires the Inspector to apportion, but (under certain 
 conditions) not to pay money to every section under his jurisdic- 
 tion — whether a school has been kept in it or not — the amount for 
 
 ♦Even should a trustee's election be appealed against to the Inspector, the 
 trustee himself must hold office, and act. until his election is legally set aside. 
 The principle is, that an indiVidual coming into office by colour of an election 
 or appointment, is an officer de facto (in fact), and his acts in relation to the 
 public, are valid until he is removed, although it be conceded that his elec- 
 tion or appointment was illegal. When his election is confirmed, he be- 
 comes a trustee dejure (of right) and no further objection can be made to 
 him. [See regulatim 23, of the Duties • Intpectort.) 
 
m 
 
 which the trustees are responsible can easily be ascertained (on 
 the basis of the attendance of pupils during the corresponding 
 period of the previous year). Trustees are also personally respon- 
 sible for any contract entered into by the corporation, which they 
 refuse to fulfil. (See the hundred and sixty-eighth and following 
 sections of the School Law.) 
 
 5. Om-porate Jets, when lawful. — Trustees' contracts or other 
 corporate acta and business to be lawful and binding upon the cor- 
 poration, must be agreed to at a trustees' meeting duly called, of 
 which each member of the corporation has had verbal or written 
 notice from the secretary, or any trustee. The presence and con- 
 sent of a majority of the corporation is necessary to constitute a 
 valid act of such corporation. The law requires that a record of the 
 proceedings of any school corporation " shall be entered in a book " 
 to be kept for that purpose. 
 
 6. Contracts and Agreements. — Contracts or agreements with 
 teachers and other parties must be in writing, and sealed with the 
 corporate seal, otherwise they are mere private agreements, which 
 may be enforced against the individuals making them. This rule 
 does not apply to minor purchases or unimportant orders for work 
 required to be done for the corporation, and involving a small 
 outlay. In such cases trustees may authorize one of themselves or 
 their secretary to attend to such matters on their behalf. (See 
 regulation 13 of this chapter.) No trustee can enter into a contract 
 with the corporation of which he is a member, or have any pecu- 
 niary claim on it, except for a school site, or as collector of school 
 rates, when duly appointed by his colleagues. 
 
 7. Collector and Treasurer. — The law requires the trustees to take 
 security from their collector and secretary-treasurer (whether they 
 be members of the corporation, or other parties), before they per- 
 mit them to enter on the duties of their office. Should they neglect 
 to do so, the trustees render themselves personally responsible for 
 any money lost to the section in consequence of such neglect, and 
 will be required to make it good out of their own pockets. 
 
 8. School Section Accounts. — The law requires trustees or their 
 secretary-treasurer to furnish the school section auditors with all 
 Touchers for the payment of school money during the year, together 
 with such papers, books, &c. , and verbal information on the sub- 
 ject as may serve to explain the items in the accounts. " In case 
 of diflference of opinion between the auditors on any matter in the 
 accounts, it shall be referred to and decided by the County 
 Inspector." 
 
 9. Adequate School Accommodation. —The law declares Trustees 
 ** shall provide adequate accommodations for all the children of 
 school age [i.e., that is between the ages of five and twenty-one 
 years resident] in their school division" (i.e., School section, city, 
 town, or village). These "accommodations" to be "adequate," 
 should include — 
 
 (1.) A site of an acre, in extent, but in no case less than half an 
 acre. 
 
 (2.) A school-house (with separate rooms where the number of 
 pupils exceeds fifty), the walls of which shall not be less than ten 
 feet high in the clear, and which shall not contain less than nin« 
 
31 
 
 square feet on the floor for each child in the section or division, so 
 as to allow an area in each room, for at least one hundred cubic feet 
 of air for each child.* It shall also be sufficiently warmed, and 
 ventilated, and the premises properly drained. 
 
 (3.^ A sufficient paling or fence round the school premises. 
 
 (4.) A play ground, or other satisfactory provision for physical 
 exercise, within the fences, and oflF the road. 
 
 (6.) A well, or other means of procuring water for the school. 
 
 (6.) Proper and separate offices for both sexes, at some little dis- 
 tance from the school-house, and suitably enclosed. 
 
 (7.) Necessary school furniture and apparatus, viz. : desks, seats, 
 blacKboards, maps, library, presses and books, &c., required for 
 the efficient conduct of the school. (See also note to (a) of regula- 
 tion 4, of the " Duties of Inspectors.") 
 
 10. Site of Schoolrhottse. — In any school section should a new school 
 site be deemed desirable, the trustees, or the County Inspector, 
 can call a school meeting to decide the question. Should a differ- 
 ence of opinion arise between a majority of the trustees and the 
 ratepayers on the subject, the matter must be rfterred to arbitra- 
 tion as provided by law ; but the trustees alone have the legal right 
 to decide upon the size and enlargement of a school site. 
 
 11. Erection of School-house, Teacher's residence j d:c. — The trustees 
 alone have also the power to decide uppn the cost, size and descrip- 
 tion of school-house, or teacher's residence, which they shall erect. 
 No ratepayer, public meeting, or committee, has any authority to 
 interfere with them in this matter. They have also full power to 
 decide what fences, outbuildings, sheds and other accommodations 
 shall be provided on the school site, adjacent to the schoool house, 
 as provided in regulation 9. To them also exclusively belongs the 
 duty of having the school plat planted with shade trees, and pro- 
 perly laid out. 
 
 12. Use of School-house. — No school house or lot (unless so pro- 
 vided for in the deed), or any building, furniture, or other thing 
 pertaining thereto, shall be used or occupied for any other purpose 
 than for the use and accommodation of the public schools of the 
 section or division, without the express permission of the trustee 
 corporation, and then only after school hours, and on condition that 
 all damages be made good, and cleaning, sweeping, &c., promptly 
 done. 
 
 13. Care and Bepair of School-house. — Trustees should appoint 
 one of their number, or other responsible person, and give him au- 
 thority, and make it his duty to keep the school-house in good 
 repair. He should also see to it that the windows are properly 
 tilled with glass ; that, at a proper season the stove and pipe are in 
 a fit condition, and suitable wood provided ; that the desks and 
 seats are in good repair ; that the outhouses are properly provided 
 with doors, and are frequently cleaned ; that the blackboards are 
 kept painted, the water supply abundant, and everything is pro- 
 
 *Thu8 for instance, a room for fifty children would require space for 
 5,000 cubic feet of air. This would be equal to a cube of the following dimtm- 
 ■ioni in feet, viz : 25 x 20 x 10, wluch is equivalent to a room 25 feet long hj 
 20 wide and 10 feet high. 
 
 3 
 
Tided necessary for the comfort of the pupils and the success of the 
 school. 
 
 14 . Right of Trustees in regard to Teacher, Appa/ratus, Books, etc. — 
 The trustees alone, and rwt any public meeting have the right to 
 decide what teacher shall be employed, how much shall be paid to 
 him, what apparatus, library, and prize books shall be purchased, 
 what repairs, &c., shall be authorized (as provided in regulation 
 13) ; in short, every thing they may think expedient to do for the 
 interest of the school. 
 
 15. Exp&nses of the School. — The majority of the trustees of every 
 school section, have the right to decide what expenses they will 
 incur for maps, school apparatus, library and prizfe books, salfthes 
 of teachers, and aU other expenses of their school (as provided in 
 regulation 14). The trustees are not required to refer such matters 
 to any public meeting whatever ; but they alone have the right to 
 decide as to the nature and amount of any expenses which they may 
 judge it expedient to incur for such purposes. 
 
 16. Contents of Half-yearly Returns. — In filling up the return, the 
 trustees should see that the teacher transcribes from the school 
 register, according to the register number, the name of each pupil 
 admitted to the school during the half year, and the number of 
 <)ays such pupil may have attended during each month of that 
 period. The attendance of ^no child can exceed the number of 
 authorized teaching days at the head of each monthly column of the 
 return. The names of all children whose parents or guardians 
 reside, or have taxable property in the school section, are to be 
 included as " residents," but no others. " Non-resident children " 
 are those whose parents or guardians do not reside, but may, in 
 some cases, have taxable property in the section. Such children 
 are to be separately reported in the place assigned for non-resident 
 <5hildren in the return. Children who are visitors in the section, 
 or boarders, for less that a year, whose parents or guardians do 
 not live in the section, are also non-residents. See note to regula- 
 tion 16 of the Duties of Inspectors, 
 
 17. Trustees to send in Returns. — The law requires trustees to 
 transmit their returns, signed by a majority of the corporation and 
 the teacher, (with the corporate seal attached) to the Inspector 
 immediately (or within ten days at farthest), after the close of the 
 year or half-year, to which they refer. Trustees neglecting to make 
 their returns, forfeit the amount which might otherwise have been 
 payable to their school, and become personally liable to their 
 section for the amount tiius forfeited or lost, on the complaint of 
 Any person to a magistrate : —See thirty-first section of the Consoli- 
 dated Public School Act, and regulation of the Duties of Inspec- 
 io:8. 
 
 18. Union School Section Returns. — The trustees of union school 
 sections will transmit er.act copies of their return to the Inspectors 
 concerned, — distinguisiiing the pupils belonging to each township. 
 
 19. False Returns. — Every trustee or teacher signing a false return 
 in order to obtain a larger share of the school fund, renders himself 
 
 NOTK. — The school meeting has no power to alter the trustees' estimate of 
 Ihese expenses of the School, or reduce the salary of the Teachers, etc. 
 
• 35 ' 
 
 liable to a fine of twenty dollars, or punishment for misdemean<»v 
 besides forfeiture of any share in the school fund: — See one*hun- 
 dred and thirty-eighth section of the Consolidated School Act. 
 
 20. Use of Corporate Seal. — The trustees' seal should not be 
 affixed to mere notices or letters, but only to contracts, agreements^ 
 deeds, or other papers which are designed to bind the trustees as a 
 corporation for the payment of money, or the performance of any 
 specified duty. 
 
 21. Iree Public School Library. — The twenty-sixth section (23), of 
 the School Act declares that " It shall be the duty of the trustees of 
 each school section to appoint a librarian, and to take such steps 
 as are authorized by law and as they may judge expedient, for the 
 establishment, safe keeping and proper management of a school 
 library for their section," etc. In case they neglect to appoint a 
 librarian, regulations 10 & 11, of the Duties of Masters provide that 
 the mastdr shall act as librarian, and shall see that the regulations 
 in regard to the libraries are duly carried out. Trustees are not 
 required to consult a public meeting on the subject ; but the law 
 makes it their duty as trustees to provide a library for the school, 
 under the departmental regulations. 
 
 Xn. Rnles for Public School Meetings in Rural School Sections. 
 
 I. Organization of Meeting. — The senior, or other trustee, present, 
 shall at the proper hour ("10 o'clock, and not later than 10^) call the 
 meeting to order, and request the ratepayers present to appoint a 
 Chairman and Secretary from among themselves. 
 
 (1) Chairman^ s Duty. — The chairman, on election, shall at once 
 take the chair, and shall preserve order and decorum, and shall 
 decide questions of order, subject to an appeal to the meeting. He 
 may give a casting vote, but no other. 
 
 (U) Secretai-y's Duty. — The secretary shall record in writing all the 
 votes and proceedings of the meeting. 
 
 II. Order of Business to be followed at the meeting : — 
 
 (1) Calling the meeting to order. 
 
 (2) Election of chairman and secretary. 
 
 (3) Reading of trustees' annual report and auditors' statement of 
 receipts and expenditure. 
 
 C4) Reception of trustees' report and auditors' statement. 
 
 (5) Election of trustee to fill the vacancy of the year. 
 
 (6) Election of trustee or trustees to fill any other vacancy. 
 
 (7) Any other business, of which due notice has been given. 
 
 III. Rules of Order. — The following rules of order are recom- 
 mended to be observed at the meetings : 
 
 (1) Addressing Chairman. — Every elector shall rise previously to 
 speaking, and address himself to the chairman. 
 
 (2) Order of Speaking. — When two or more electors rise at once, 
 the chairman shall name the elector who shall speak first, when the 
 other elector, or electors, shall next have the right to address the 
 meeting in the order named by the chairman. 
 
(3) Motion to he read. — Each elector may require the question or 
 motion under discussion to be read for his information at any time, 
 but not so as to interrupt an elector who may be speaking. 
 
 (4) Speaking tvoice. — No elector shall speak more than twice on 
 the same question or amendment without leave of the meeting, 
 except in explanation of something which may have been misun- 
 derstood, or until every one choosing to speak shall have spoken. 
 
 (5) Poll Demanded. — The names of those who vote for, and of 
 those who vote against, the question, shall be entered upon the 
 minutes if two electors require it. 
 
 (6) Votes. — All votes shall be taken in the manner desired by a 
 majority of electors present, and a poll shall be granted if two 
 electors desire it. The votes tendered shall be received by the 
 chairman, unless objection be made to them. 'In that case the 
 chairman shall require the person, whose vote is questioned, to 
 make the declaration provided by law. After making it the vote 
 must be received and recorded without further question. 
 
 (7) Protest. — No protest against an election, or other proceed- 
 ings of the school meeting shall be received by the chairman. All 
 protests must be sent to the Inspector at least within twenty days 
 after the meeting. 
 
 (8) Adjournment. — A motion to adjourn an annual school meet- 
 ing until the business is finished is unlawful ; but a motion to 
 adjourn a special school meeting shall always be in order ; pro- 
 vided that no second motion to the same effect shall be made until 
 after some intermediate proceedings shall have been had. 
 
 (9) Motions to be Seconded. — A motion cannot be put from th« 
 chair, or debated, unless the same be in writing (if required by the 
 chairman,) and seconded. 
 
 (10) Withdrawal of Motion.— Aiter a motion has been announced, 
 or read by the chairman, it shall be deemed to be in possession 
 of the meeting ; but may be withdrawn at any time before decision, 
 by the consent of the meeting. 
 
 (11) Kind of Motions to be received. — When a motion is under 
 debate, no other motion shall be received unless to amend it, or to 
 postpone it, or for adjournment, except as in No. 8 above. 
 
 (12) Order of putting Motion. — All questions shall be put in the 
 order in which they are moved. Amendments shall all be put before 
 the main motion : the last amendment first, and so on. 
 
 (13) Beconsidering Motion. — A motion to reconsider a vote may 
 be made by any elector at the same meeting ; but no vote of 
 reconsideration shall be taken more than once on the same ques- 
 tion at the same meeting. 
 
 4. Close of the Meeting. — The school meeting must not close 
 before eleven o'clock in the forenoon, nor shall it continue open 
 after four o'clock in the afternoon — beyOnd which latter hour no 
 business can be lawfully transacted by the meeting. 
 
 5. Transmitting minutes to Inspector. — At the close of the 
 meeting the chairman should sign the minutes as entered by the 
 secretary in the minute book. Within fourteen days after the 
 meeting the chairman must send to the Inspector a copy of the 
 minutes (signed by himself and the secretary) under a penalty of 
 five dollars. 
 
6, Declaration of Ojffice.— The trustee, or trustees elect should 
 at once make the declaration of ofece before the chairman of the 
 meeting, or within fourteen days after the close of the meeting. 
 In case the chairman is elected trustee he should in like manner 
 make the declaration of office before the secretary. 
 
 Xm. Programme of Course of Stady for Pablic Schools. 
 
 (l) Basis of Instruction. — Explanatory Memorandum on this 
 
 FOLLOWING Programme. 
 
 1. The great object of this Programme is to secure such an edu- 
 cation of youths as to fit them for the ordinary employments and 
 duties of life. This includes : — 
 
 2. First— Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, and the use of the 
 English language. Every yoifth, whether in town or country, 
 should be able so to read that reading will be a pleasure and not a 
 labour, otherwise his little knowledge of reading will be seldom, 
 if ever, used to acquire information ; he should be able to write 
 readily and well ; he should know arithmetic so as to perform 
 readily and properly any financial business transactions, and be 
 able to keep accounts correctly ; he should be able to speak and 
 write with correctness the lang^iage of the country. These subjects 
 are the first essentials of education for every youth, and in which 
 he should be primarily and thoroughly taught. 
 
 3. Secondly. — An acquaintance with the properties and growth of 
 the plants we cultivate and use, and the soils in which they grow ; 
 the instruments and machinery we employ, and the principles of 
 their construction and use ; our own bodies and minds, and the 
 laws of their healthy development and preservation. Large expe- 
 rience shows not only the importance of a knowledge of these 
 subjects of natural science and experimental physics, but that they 
 can be taught easily for all ordinary practical purposes to pupils 
 from six to twelve years of age. 
 
 4. Thirdly. — Some knowledge of Geography and History, of the 
 civil government and institutions of our own country, and, in all 
 cases, of the first principles of Christian morals, so essbntial to 
 every honest man and good cjtizen. 
 
 5. These are the subjects which should be embraced in a Public 
 School curriculum, and which have been and can be easily learned 
 by pupils under twelve years of age. Those who aspire to a higher 
 and more accomplished Engb'sh education can obtain it in the High 
 Schools. 
 
 6. The length of time during which a pupil shall continue in any 
 class must depend upon his or her progress. The promotion of a 
 pupil from a lower to a higher class is at the discretion of the 
 master or mistress of the school, and if any difference arise on this 
 subject between the master or mistress of a school and the trustees, 
 or any parent of a pupil, the inspector of the school must decide ; 
 but no pupil is to be promoted to a higher class without being 
 thoroughly acquainted with all the subjects taught in the lower 
 classes. A pupil, on being admitted into a school, must be ex- 
 
38 
 
 amined by the master or mistress, and placed in the class into 
 \rhich such pupil is qualified to enter. In all cases the order of 
 mibjects in the programme must be followed, and the time prescribed 
 for teaching each subject per week must be observed, nor must any 
 subject of the course be omitted. Where a class is too large for 
 all the pupils to be taught together, or where there is an obvious 
 inequality in the ability and progress of the pupils, such class may 
 be divided into two divisions — First and Second. 
 
 7. When the pupils enrolled in a school amount to nore than 
 fifty, and less than one hundred, the trustees must employ an 
 assistant teacher. 
 
 8. The time allowed for School-room study and recitation for 
 each class is 27^ hours per week. While one class is reciting th« 
 others can be engaged in preparing their lessons or performing 
 other School work under the direction of the Master, and can 
 recite to him in turn. 
 
 N,B. — The work assigned for home preparation varies with the class in 
 which the pupil is placed. In the first lind second classes, the lessons ar« 
 designed to occupy half-an-kour every evening : in the third and fourth, 
 from an hour to an hour-and-a-half ; and in the fifth and sixth, from an 
 hourand-a-half to two hours. Parents are expected to see that their children 
 attend to their work at home. 
 
 Gymnastics, Drill and Calisthenics are to be provided for at the dis- 
 cretion of the Trustees. Needle work is provided for in the Limit Table. 
 
 :»■•*. ^»t; 
 
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