CIHM Microfiche (IMIonographs) ICIMH Collection de microfiches (monographles) Canadian Instituta for Historical IMicroraproductions / Inttitut Canadian d« microraproductions hittoriquas Technical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best oiiginai copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibllographlcally unique, which may alter any of the Images In the reproduction, or which may signlfioar.ily change the usual method of filming are checked below. D Coloured covers / Couverture de couleur □ Covers danraged i Couverture endommagte □ Covers restored and/or laminated / Couverture restaur^ et/ou pellicula Cover title missing / Le titre de couverture manque I Coloured maps / Cartes g^raphiques en couleur □ Coloured Ink (I.e. other than blue or black) / Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) □ Cokjured plates and/or illustrations / Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material / Reli6 avec d'autres documents Only edition available / Seute Edition disponible Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin / La reliure serr^e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distorsion le long de la marge int^rieure. Blank leaves added during restorations may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming / II se peut que ceitaines pages blanches ajout^es lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela dtait possible, ces pages n'ont pas dt6 filmtes. Additional comments / Commentaires suppl^mentaires: \7\ D D L'Institut a mlcrofiliTi6 le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a 6t6 possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exem- plaire qui sont peut-dtre unk]ues du point de vue bibll- ographlque, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une nrK)difk»tion dans la m^tho- de nonnale de filmage sont indk|u4s ci-dessous. I I Cotoured pages/ Pages de couleur I I Pages damaged / Pages endommag^es □ Pages restored and/or laminated / Pages restaur^es et/ou pellicul^s Pages discotoured, stained or foxed / Pages d^color^es, tachetdes ou piqu6es I I Pages detached / Pages d^tach^es lyif Showthrough/ Transparence V~l( Quality of print varies / 1-^ Quality inhale de I'impresston Includes supplementary material / Comprend du materiel suppl^mentaire Pages wholly or partially obscured by enata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image / Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont 6X6 film^s k nouveau de fa^on k obtenir la meilleure image possible. Opposing pages with varying colouration or discolourations are filmed twice to ensure the best possible image / Les pages s'opposant ayant des colorations variables ou des decolorations sont filmtes deux fois afin d'obtenir la meilleure image possible. D D D D , Thia HMn is filnMd at tha raduetion ratio ehaciiad balow / Ca doeumant aat film* au taux de rMuetion imHqu^ ci-deaaous. lOx 14x 18x 22x 26x 30x 7 12x 16x 20x 24x 28x 32x Th« copy filmad h«r« has bean rcproducad thanks to tha ganaroaity of: Library Agrieuhura Canada . ha imagaa appaaring hara ara tha baat quality poaaibia conaidaring tha condition and lagibility of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha filming contract apacif icationa. Original copiaa in printad papar covara ara filmad baglnning with tha front covar and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or illustratad impraa- aion. or tha back covar whan appropriata. All othar original copiaa ara filmad baglnning on tha f irat paga with a printad or illustratad impraa- aion, and anding on tha laat paga with a printad oi illuatratad impraaaion. Tna laat racordad frama on aach microflcha ahall contain tha aymbol -^ (moaning "CON- TINUED"), or tha aymbol V (maaning "END"), whichavar appliaa. Mapa. platas, charta, ate may ba filmad at diffarant raduction ratioa. Thoaa too larga to ba antiraly includad in ona axpoaura ara filmad baglnning in tha uppar laft hand corner, laft to right and top to bottom, aa many framaa aa raquirad. Tha following diagrama illustrata tha mathod: L'axamplaira film* fut raproduit grica * la g4n«rosit4 da: BiMiotMquf Agrieultura Canada Laa imagaa auivantaa ont M raproduitaa avac la plua grand aoin. compta tanu da la condition at da la nattat* da l'axamplaira film*, at an conformity avac laa condftiona du eontrat da filmaga. Laa axamplairaa origlnaux dont la couvartura an papiar aat imprimAo aont filmte an commandant par la pramiar plat at an tarminant aoit par la darnlAra paga qui compnrta una amprainta d'impraaaion ou d'illuatration, aoit par la aacond plat, aalon la caa. Toua laa autraa axamplairaa origlnaux aont filmte an commandant par la pramiira paga qui comporta una amprainta d'impraaaion ou dllluatration at an tarminant par la darniira paga qui comporta una talla amprainta. Un daa aymbolaa auivanta apparaltra aur la darni*ra imaga da chaqua microflcha, aalon la caa: la aymbola — ► algnifie "A SUIVRE". la aymbola ▼ aignifia "FIN". Laa cartaa, planchaa, tablaaux, ate, pauvant Atra filmte i daa taux da rMuction diffAranta. Loraqua la documant aat trop grand pour ttra raprod'jit an un aaul cliche, il aat film* i partir da I'angla aup4riaur gaucha, da gaucha i droita, at da haut an baa, an pranant la nombra d'imagaa nteaaaaira. Laa diagrammaa auivanta illuatrant la mithoda. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 MKIOCOPr mOUJTION TBT CHART (ANSI and (SO TEST CHART No. 2) A /APPLIED IM/1GE 1653 East Uain Strtet RochMter. N«« York 14609 USA (716) 482 - 0300 - Phor.e (716) 288-5989 -fox i DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE DAIRY AND COLD STORAGE BRANCH OTTAWA - . CANADA If: SMALL COLD STORAGES AND DAIRY BUILDINGS 1^1 BY J. A RUDDICK AND JOS. BURGESS BULLETIN No. 49 DAIRY AND COLD STORAGE SERIES .; 1791&— 1 OTTAWA PRINTED BY J. dk L. TACH^ FBINTSm TO THE KINO'S MOST KXCEOAJiST MAJBSTT. 1»17 m uim Of TiAmnTTAL To th. Honourable. °"*''*' *^"' ^"^'^^'^ •' ^*"- The Minister of Agriculture; 8m,— I have the honour to inform you that Bulletin No. 85, of the Dairy and Cold Storage Series, "Small Cold Storages." is now out of print I beg, there- fore to submit for your approral the manuscript for a new buHetin on the same sub- ject, which includes plans for farm dairies, in connection with icehouses and refriger- ators. During the past f-w years there has been a large demand for information respect- ing the construction of icehouses and smaU cold storsges coming from farmers, milk producers, owners of country homes, hotels, country storekeepers, etc., and to meet this demand we have prepared a series of plana designed to suit different requirements and conditions. The storing of ice on farms and at oountry points is a means of conserving a large quantity of food, and should be encouraged as much as possible. In designir r Idings I have had the assistance of Mr. Joseph Burgess, Cold Storage T ;. ^nd for the a'-tual drawings we are indebted to the Chief Architect's Bra h Jepertment of Public Works. I hsTe the Lui.ua.' to recommend that this manuscript be published as Bulletin No. 49 of the Dairy and Cold Storage Series. I have the honour to be, sir. Tour obedient servant, J. A. RUDDICK, Dairy and Cold Storage Commuaioner. M m M ^Bi B i Br i n 1 tti * IM > ^ - f H . i ^^Hi^HI III HHf SMALL COLD STORAGES l£ jr. A. Biddkk ud Jul Iwfwi. nmo: vt-moH. / ,^*f««,fl'"n*«ti«« of peritluible food producto «m mated m-^ ».. i. ^. j. numner oonTenient for lue tk«« w««lJ Ti. ^ *a«Ju«Ui rapply of ioe, itorad in • ••«*•» liTOiUtioi. or •uituT MiKiitiora. mnciple. of nfnto,. M-StfrjS^ "• '^'^'^ hmna. ban ben thonoihlr ttUd, .nd will if It mnrt be clearly ondentood that theM plana are not intended to nroTid. « «„M -torage' aa that term ia g«,»-.ily underrtooT In a regukr^liJJSJT Jfih^iJ ^"JtolSTeSr ^ "?^ «* ^-^ tie different iZ^.c^^SlSTth^^iTf Kf^kl -^ o ,^ " *^ "■• "' '** '^°''« » temperature below 38» to 40' F u««^ be obtained. Such temperatuiea are UMrful only for keeoinff the m««? ill-M ^°f able food, in a fr«h condition for a diort ti^ w SZ^r^I^^f^ ^•^■ week., depending on the natural keying limrof^vSionl;;^'^^ *"" " *•"" TEE OEDDTABT 8T0KAOE OF IOE. The mere proMrration of a few block, of ice i. a aiamU ««♦♦«, a„_ corner of ^ outbuilding or died can be uSS. T^o'ugT WetS.'^rSS endcing the necewary n»ce and affording protection from thHSe/ i.aH that There Aould be no floor in this kind of an icehouse. If the soil ia liri,t «n^ ITJT" brtter to provide wme drainage. The earth sb.uld be covered to a deptSTof 6 to 12 nch« wij. «nall f "^^ co«r»e gnivel or cinder.. About one foot of Su^t or plan- mg-miU dianr-. .honld be placed under the ice. A space of at least nn« W -i. ij be ^f^^^^ce's.i the waU.. to be filled with sawd^sfor ^ ^n^^^iJl^'S^ the latter preferred. Cover the ice with one foot of the «mie materid "^^n*". 5 I J :' nmoTiD iGiHoum aid iinz0nAToif. ZIS Slt^TS^ ic«bou«. or who mv d«.ire to proriA, more con.eniort and .kt- manwit facihtuv Uun tho ordinary jc<> unppty aflonk. leallr a ciiliJil '"*"i^ Priniarily for tho um of patron- of ohe«» f«rtorle^ ...d i. Pl!„T S^ ""'"^ «n«lk .land, milk r.«,li„g tank, and onlinary ioehoiL I. S ? /• '" «'^'"«'7 icehoiMB with dairy or millc room, .r-tn, {„°M "■ 1 " """"'? '**'"'*' *'*'' refri«««tor and milk room. Tho refrig- only much larr»r and with a oorraapondingly larg. .p«» for icT^ "«"»o'«tor, . LrS^untrJ fji::'^"'^ "^"" "** «irri|.«a»or. and i. e.p«ially adapted for avtl**" It*" i^T * ""* ° '""'*'" ''** ^ '""'^ " *»•• automatic or circulation «^em. It proWdM for a permanent insolation of the walU floor and ceilinir of the Older material muat be renewed every time the iceli uae is filled. .iA,~ti^'*' * ~n^?^i«"» of operation and general ertoieney are giren fim con- I^™^'Ji!°S'"** J""!"* "•> ^ '»"»°»'y "commend plan 4 for a dairy alS S inatitutioM. hotel., etc. Tho first coat i. greater, owing to the extra inaulationTTt «„H I*" "??°/^ "? diwdrantage. of the two .ystema are obriou.. Hans. 1. 2. «nd a proTide for the cheapoat construction, but the annual renewal of the insulat on or covering materia, and the labour of cleaning the ice. and filling the i^"x« or r/v^T ^"^VTJ^ *'™' •" ^"^ '"P"'*"* consideration; PlaST 4.^d 6 ntTnt n ir ^T'^ -d^antW of being automatic in operation, thus requiri^ no Ae^t^T.?* ""!:^^°"l' ••"^ refrigerator for cooling purpo««. The opening «" «r to iow iH'-^-*"'\^*''t^ '^ ^<^^^ -d refrigerator aUow.'^e "Jd . I.SlU, ^- rfr*!"**". "?•'* *''® ^"" ••' "^™ *« *»»« ice^hamber through ■ similar opening at the top of the partition. w^ug.i Those openings should not be over 6 by 18 inchea. and both should be fitted with shding cover, to regulate the circulation o* the air. or to shut it off entirdy when not required The circulation system also ha. the advantage of giving dry storage! Wais^ W^^Pn *^r "!: "^'f" ''•"'"''*" " ^-•^•"^ o" *he cold sTrfacHf tl^";.r Section BB. plan 4, and section AA. plan 5 shows the refrigerator with a lower ceiling than the ice^hamber. The object of this is simply to See thi «J Zll vhich has to be cooled. The ceiling of the refrigerator n^ not be more th^n 7 feet h.gh. Any dpaco in excess of that height woald be useless for storage purpoi!^ 8PECI7ICATI0N POE ^^ J( Ho. 1. Ice HooM with Milk Pktform, Cooliag Tank and Crane. oorr.2l!iTl^u'Z^?^ fv.*^^ ^^^ """^ ^ ®-*»''*' ^ 8-inch Sills, halve thetn at thn corners and bolt them together with two |-inch bolts to each joint Set up 4-inch by 4-ineh or 4-inch by 6-inch comer posts housed into sills smkoJ and braced. Set up g-inch by 4-inch filling in studs anHJ 2-in^ Cl S Zblo plate with joints staggered. Studs may be set at 24-inoh orVinch c«,trM spiked"^ ' ^ *^°''' "** "* ^'""^ '^^'^ *"** ^^^ °^" Pl'te and f ; iil 17018— 2i ii on ^^^cT'^HSS'^ii^ro':^^^^'^ otitrid. with notched .idin^ .„d The nften to be ^owed^ a1 «^^ ^^ "' *?"?"*' "** «~°'«> iheathing. incJ« to the JSi:n?ttJi^*'St^3: *-«^ '^^^ ^^ ••^'^le. laid i Theoute.STdofiist^.-'^jtsirtorr^rth'^^^^^^ i^-inch punk. lee^W a SLTot^SSr Sh £°t;^^S;Sr" ^^ ^^'^ ^^^'^ l-inch by iS^n eaS^il boSS b^m '^':!:J"*'t^'**^ ' also braced with a wroBght-iron wheel Swort, aiSro^i^rin^'lrL ^''tiT!^ " «^'"t™»ted of yoke ia of wrought-ii^r^ c«t-iw)n gearing and dog. and hardwood spool The part pTit;?:^. '^^2nr"'*^'***.1 «"•"«*• '"^ P^P^'^Jo" of one i«.ide aSS oTS ^d te^l^T^ri^r ^ °' ^^^'^ -*«'»*^ The part cement and one p^TiSd. SS L;^^?!^.* mortar compo«rf of one flow pipe, and a l-inch5;.wK,ff jri^Sa^i^S '""^'^ ^"*' '*-^"'''' °^«- in a^r''"*' *" ''^'^'^ "" "' '■•"''^ '"^ '^•'^ "-«od to dide vertically l-in■« The space over the ice should be wdl vStSted. -She?™ teLl ff ^^t "***;!°1- will accumulate under the roof .n^ Jv^^ 1 ^^ *** ^^"^ off the heat which in a dry oStiS. ^ ***" ''^ *^ "''*'"* ""^'^i'*" on top of the ice sncznGAiiov vox mx vo. i. lethoQN with Daby. odouriH""'^ «ed in the «Ui,y AoM be thoron,Uy «e«oned .praoe, which U If the soil nnder the ieehouae is imperrious .clay, drainiwe should be provided. Foundation*.— Tnaoh excmvations to be nude u indicated on the drawinn The a"^ rj' ^' ''°?Sf.°"^ ^ ~'"*™*^ «•»'>«' "' concrete or^tonTwaAi A good nurture of conCTetd w one part of Portland cement, three parts of sand, and five parts of IJ-inch or 2-inch broken stone or clean gravel. or cirjer"^*""" *^' "~ °^ **'" ^"^" '''*'' ^^ •"''''^ "* '"«''«" "*"»«• «>•"« K'-^d '^LAM Me 2 BULLBTMi No^O ICE HOUSE. WITH . DAiRy The floor of the dairy and the tanks are constructed of 4 inche, of concrete and lortnr ^^^'^^^ 7'*^ l-iach coat of cement mortar, trowelled smooS The l^ * *u " '^"^ *°.*'*^ '='*""°*'' '^™'" ^"""^^ •" t^"* «'"«"ete floor. Thrplat- i In i ill I . i i, : h - ^-m i f I' s ! f 1 10 .nd ^I^^TJ^ .^'"^ FiF'^- '"'*' ^ hdMmg, stand-pipes and traps in tank,, and trap at the outside of buildings are of 4-incli cast-iron The gratins to handhrfe of outoide trap may be either wrought or cast-iron. ® 1Fatt._A 2-inch x 6-inch or 2-inch x 6-inch sill should be bedded on tep of con- crete or Stone foundation walls. The exterior walls are constructed of 2-inch x 4-inch 2 L^r* •^"•* ^ '''•^!!;^'^ '^•**'^- '^^'^ «'™" ^^'^ may be 4 by 4 inchesriTth with 2-inch X ^inch spAed on one side. The comer posts should be tenoned into i-inch tongued and grooved spruce sheathing, then covered with two ply of buildinjr b^fl*"''Sr • "'^ "f ""I l'^ r '^^ '*^*'°"^ "'"^ fi^^l'^J ^>th pine sidii or cTa^ boards. The inside face of the dairy should be sheathed vertically with J-inch tongued JhltJStSVmw""- ^'^ ''"'"^ ""^ *" «"'^^«^ '•"•'^^ -*^^- wit/^Sl""^^^ ^"'J'*'*"' "^^^^"^ " ^■•''•'^ ^ *■'""''• ''°d «beathed both sides witM-mch tongued and grooved spruce or rough lumber on the side next the ice- CetZtnflr.— The ceiling joists over dairy are 2-inch x 8-inch, set 20 inchea on centres, with two ply building paper and one course of J-inch tongued and grooved spruce underneath joists. "« «^ «"u Broovea A ^""(tP* T' is constructed with 2-inch x 6-inch rafters at 20 inches on centres Ui3 i"^ ? "? '\l °"*''*^^ ^'^^ ^■''''^ **^^ ^"™''«'' """^ ^h^'^ ^^^^ with shTngS laid 41 inches to the weather, or other roofing material. i>ooM.— The exterior door to dairy is J-inch battened door with H-inch stilee Btiles rabetted to i.eeive battens. The doors to icehouse to be 1-inch battened doors* one set of loose 1-inch boards to be placed in door openings, as shown on drawi.igs! WindawB.—The windows to be fitted with li-inch double sash as shown, size of wmdows 2 feet 6 inches by 5 feet. FenfiZa••*'« ^d 4 j' ?rs'S?"P'^- The "to be fined with ^hJinS^iZ^'eU^ to L""' iS" '-•r'* "^'^ '«<»"- make « nearly „ po«ible an air-tighTioint '^ ""^^ *^' **' <'"'^" to 3-inch louTLSl'"*"^* '""'~ -•''*^''- - «•«« end, with IJ-inch fran.e and of :^^'^^sL^^z^!i^:^i^:zr'^^^ •« •^«- *- coats zi^'^^: - ^"«» ^^--^ oi^iss-^.^ b^'^^ss t::;ti^r at NoTE.-The insulation nf ti, • v. * ''^ *••* "^"e materinl. between the stud^S^S st^Ly Tr'rdJ'Jr' o^S TT.^ ^ «»-- *^« ^P"- able to cheapen the construction Se sh^Thi!^ 'a ^^ "'*^" *"""^' '^ '* " desir- SPECmCATIOir POE plait Ho. 4. ^«»I»»i^withlMnl»tedIoelion«,„dBefri»erator or ott^JrTfir] ^ulJrltl^'^ """^ ^'^ -^ ^- ^- «« Ws. sh„.e, ^-^^^::^^^^ T. eaJikTstt'^Tnt^^;^^^^^^^^ lower end and extending througrthe Wkt on to aT • r ''' ^'^^'^ ''''' "'^"'^ ^-' s.zed tile should be laid across the &oT^TZnLJ-l 5""'" '^'^'^ "^ ^^'' ^«">" outside A trap should be provid^ W out«1dr„f ^t T^ ^'^"-'""^ '^'«"»"" t'' tl'." a.r entering. Cover the floor area w th 12 iS, 1* t' *°f *'«*'«» *<> Prevent warm 14 it oompoaed of one part cement and two of ooane und. The floor ia graded 1 inch in 5 feet to alope to the channel drain formed in the concrete floor. The platfurnM fur the aeperator and pump are constructed in connection with the floor and built to any desired heifi^t The floor of refrigerator and ante-room has a concrete slab with 3 inches of crk board laid on top, and finished with a 1-inch coat of cement mortar. All concrete floors should be laid on top of broken stone or large gravel ballast, as indicated on drawings. The drain pipes inside the building, stand pipes and traps in tanks, and trap at outside of building are of 4-inch cast-iron pipes. The grating to hand-hole of trap outside the building may be either wrought or cast-iron. Walls. — The wallu of dairy are constructed of 2-inch x 4-inch studding set about 10-inch centres, with 4-inch x 6-inch corner posts. The walls are sheathed inside and outside with i-inch tongued and grooved sheathing, and then covered on the outside with two ply building paper and finished with siding or clapboards. The walls of refrigerator, ice-chamber, and ante-room are constructed of 2-inch z 4-inch studding, staggered as shewn on plan, and sheathed with double J-inch tongued and grooved spruce sheatbing inside, with two ply of damp-proof paper between sheathing. The outside is constructed of single sheathing, two ply of building paper, and finished with clapboards or siding. The inside face of ice-chamber walls has two ply of damp-proof paper and then furred with 1-inch x 2-inch furring stripe and sheathed with another course of J-inch sheathing. Partitions. — The partition between ice chamber, refrigerator, and ante-room is constructed the same as the walls, with double sheathing each side and two ply damp- proof paper between. The ice-chamber side has, in addition, two ply dami>-proof paper, 1-inch X 2-inch furring strips, and sheathing. The partition between the refrigeravui* and ante-room is constructed of 2-inch x C-inch studding, with double sheathing on both sides and two ply damp-proof paper between sheathing. Make 6-inch x 12-inch openings at the ceiling and the floor of sartition between refrigerator and ice-chamber for air circulation; these openings to nave sliding door dampers. Ceilings. — The ceilings are constructed of 2-inch x 8-inch joists set at 20-iuch centres, with double 1-inch tongued and grooved sheathing on top and bottom, with two ply damp-proof paper between sheathing underneath, and two ply building paper above. The ice-chamber ceiling has, in addition, two ply of damp-preof paper, 1-incli X 2-ineh furring strips, and sheathing similar to walls. The ceiling of the dairy has two ply building paper and one oou'.-^e of sheathing on underside of joists. The ceil- ings of refrigerator and ante-room are 7 feet high to underside of sheathing; ceiling of ice-cLamber and dairy are 12 feet high. The walls, ceilings, .?nd partitions )f ice-chamber, refrigerator, and ante-room are filled with sawdust or shavings, preferably shavings. Roof. — The roof is constructed of 2-inch x 6-inch rafters set at 20-inch centres and covered on the outside with |-inch dressed lumber, two ply building paper, and shingles laid 4\ inches to tho weather, or other roofing material. Platform. — Tlie plat'^orm has 6-inch x 6-inch posts, 6-inch x 8-inch beam, 2-incli s 6-inch ceiling joi-ts sheathed on the under side, and 2-inch x 4-inch rafters sheathed and shingled. (The platforms are convenient for loading and pkissing from the dairy to the stable, but are not a necessary part of the construction, and will add materially to the cost.) Doors. — ^The exterior doors to dairy are 1-inch battened doors with li-inch l?drrc'(l and braced frame. The doors to ante-room, refrigerator, and ice-chamber are to be i ^u!l*^Jir^ ^??^ *"* «!»• oldooB to b* Iwfwlkd to it fnuDM, and doable •h«th«l bot h rid« with i-iadi to«r-d Mdg»or«| A^ithini; wi^tw^lS S? iC^ir^'ltlfTrriiJ^ **7 !°^^ •.•■*"•''' •!«• " .bown on pUn. fllW with •h.Tii«fc The berdlad feoe of doon to be ooreied with fdt or euraa to midce oa nimtly m poenUe an air-tight joint ^^ «.fc^?i!!!lZ'i'*r^, ^"^^ V" ^ anto-room has a IJ-ineh inaide and outaide r-t.J:TS" ^^ "**** •* *•* top or a awninc ahonld be prorided to keep out •iie raya ox tne sun. of .^IZ^titZ t'^iT *•* '*'°"' """"^ *""* "* - •^-- •»• FtnaA._The interior of the ioe chamber should be giren two ooato .1 boiled lin- ^ r S^^. ^ "^^''*' ,"' **" wfrigerator. anto-room and dairy riiould haJe Si Jrl?tJti!r*.: -^^ *r^^ '? ''^'*^'* "^ "^ *^> The extorior laay bo p««at«d two coata in any deaired oolour. SSEOIFICAnOl' TOB PLAH Ho. 8. laralated leehooM ud SmiOl BefrigM»tor. ♦.. ^^"^ ^'^ ** thoroughly seasoned and dry and free from knots, shakea. and other defects, and must be odourless. "•■•os, ana Spruce or hemlock in the order named, are the best woods for all inside work. Pino may be used for outaide work where the walls are insulated on the inaide. Foundaiions.— Trench excavations to be made as shown on the drawings. Tho foundations may be constructed either of concrete or stone. » A i ««^ ™'^"f« o^^^ncwte « one part of Portland cement, three parta of sand and tore parte of l}-inch or 2-inch broken stone or clean gravel The area of the ice^hamber floor should be excavated to the desired depth. Grade the earth wito a slope of 2 inches to one end, and lay one row of 3-inch field tile along the lower end and extending through the foundation to a drain. Four rows of the same sized tile should be kid across the ground and connected with thl row draining outeide. A trap should be provided just outaide of the foundation. on f.r.ZV^J^' T" Ti*^ ^v '"''^^.o* ^'^^'^ «tone, coarse gravel, or cinders, and on top of this filling place 12 inches of shavings or sawdust, covering same with 1-inch rough boards. on nirn^^TiT^** n""""' Y" ^^1^''^^ °^ ^.T""^ ^ '^"'""^ Studding, staggmnl ps show:, on plan. The walls are double sheathed inside with i-inch tongued and grooved spruoo with two ply of damp-proof paper between. The outside face has a single course of J-.nch shenthing with two ply of building paper, and then covered with siding or clapboards The lee-chamber. m addition to the above, has the inside sheathin- covered with two ply of damp-proof paper and then furred with 1-inch s 2-inch furri"- strips and ghcathcd with 2-inch tongued and grooved sheathing. Partitu>m.-Tho partition between the ice-chamber, refrigerator, and ante-room IS constructed the same as the wall., with double sheathing each side and two ply dam^ proof pai^r between The iceH^hamber side has. in addition, two ply damp-proof paper. l-mch X 2-inei furnn;? strips, and sheathing. i^-p^'. . V" P"'!'*'"" b"tweon the ante-room f-nd refrigerator is constructed of 2-inch x r il Mak« «-iaeh x It-inoh oprainga at ctiUng and floor in partition betwwn ice< chamber and rafrigarator for ciienlation of cold air; thaae openinc* to have ■lidiiig dampero. r«{KM0«.— The height of ceiling in ante-room and refrigerator if 7 feet from floor in the clear, and that in iL-o-oltamber in 12 feet Tho ceiliug* are conntructcd o^ 2-inch z 8-inch joisU let at 20 inchei on centrei and double sheathed top and bottom with two ply damp-proof paper between ihcathing underneath and two ply building paper above. The ceiling of ice-chamber haa, in addition, two ply of damp-proof paper 1-inch z S-inch furring atripa and another course of i-inch sheathing similar to walla. The walls, ceilings, and partitions are completely filled with sawdust or shavings preferably shavings. J?oo/.— The roof is cor moted of 2-»nch by 4-inch rafters set at 24-inch centres and covered with i-inch dressed lumber, two ply building paper, and shingles luid 4) inchea to the weather, or other roofing material. Floor: — The floor of ante-room and refrigerator is constructed by first laying a course of cool cinders or sand 8 inches thick and bedding 2-inch z 4-inch sleepers on top, then set 2-inch z 6-inch joists at 24-inch centres acro«s sleepers, and finish by laying one courso of I-inch sheathing diagonally; cover with two ply of damp-proof paper'and 1-inch tongued and grooved spruce flooring. In plan No. 4, concrete and cork board are used in the construction of the refrig- erator and anto-room floors. This construction is much the best, and a* it is of per- loonent nature will bo the cheapest in the end. Doori.— The doors to ice-chamber, refrigerator, and ante-room to be fitted with bevdled jambe, and edges of doors bevelled to fit; the doors are double sheathed inside and outside with two ply of damp-proof paper between sheathing, the doors to hare a e-inch space, as shown, filled with shavings, the bevelled faces of doors to be covered with felt or canvas to make as nearly as possible an air-tight joint The ezterior door opening into the ice-chamber is a batten door 6 feet by 3 feet, which is provided for stowing ice during the winter season. The frame is bevelled and the edges of the door bevelled to « . the frame. The door is made of two courses of i-inch sheathing, with two ply of building paper between. Two sets of loose bonrds must be provided as shown on plan, one se* to fit into the frame on the inside and the other set to fit aa close to thn .toor as possible. These boards are to be placed in posi- t 1 when the ice-cfaamber is filled and the space between (about 10 inches) filled with J. .iner-mill shavings or dry sawdust In cases where it is convenient to store the ice through the ante-room, this door may be dispensed with, as a direct opening outside is liable to cause waste of ice unless the filling of shavings or sawdust is carefully packed into place each time tho door is used. "Window. — The small window in the ante-room has IJ-inch inside and outside sush. A wooden shutter hinged at the top, or an awning, should be p. :>vided to keep out the rays of the sun. renJ^. » «l«««l-.ir .pace I. a poor conductor of heat, l.ut I^rio5?^ ? other tho a>r immediately in contact with it become, lighter on S^.^^ ♦ i! r^ *" temperature. and at once nncend.. while colder air from the neat ia earned from one Hide to tho other by conreiuon. L^rU^ t^ °/i '•''•^•"l**'"''- The MiRhteat crack or opening, ercn a na 1 liole,tenda to deatroy the efficiency of thia form of conatruction. w?th a i^ itJ^ ♦ S'«« r''?; " P"'^'«'"« imperriou. to air and dampne,,. tTa aiT^ll^S ^ 5,r '""' v""" nonconducting material. The width of In tJrS^;^ SS '* '"'"• to be u««i and the temperature to be maintained Mr^Z'^'thlJll? ■**"^ «!onstnicted of wood, there is no better material for filling eE In?/ T°"" '**':.',"«•; ^^•" •'^»"«W" «t •". they are cheap; th^ are tTlT a!"- ''C^^'^' •'."*' ""^* ''°P°'*«'»t of M. they can be obtiinejin a St'^^n ;^'-''*""^" "~^*i''' ""'' '"'*•'"' '^^ ^'> "°t «b«>rh moisture m.dily li^l^l7f*^ '" '^,""*°' There may K, some difficulty in obtaining a sufflden^ LZVl ;*T '? P^*^ "^^ '""» manufacturing centre., but many of the brge Msh and door factone. now pack shavings in bales, weighing about 75%«und° each for convenience in shipping. The weight of shavings required to fill a g^vers^cJ wUl depend «,mewh«t on the kind of wood from which they ?», made. andX to ^me ertent on how t^htly they are packed. but a fair average is from TtooilHer S foot of space. They should be packed sufficiently to p.went subsequent seltC Sawdust ver,u, Shaying,.-Beoaw>e it coste little or nothing and is readily avail- able m most country districts, there has been a tendency to \«e sawdurfo? fiZi spaces in wbUs in small cold-storage buildings. We woS^S ou" hol/vJr tta? It IS not as satisfactory a material for this purpose ns shaving owing to Z £ hat wh, e shavings are cut from dry lumber, sawdust is cut froin^eMat abmb moirtan iMdiljr. and uiiUm Hm, m aivm kmm meitl ^??"!Sf^^ ^/* r^ »-y »» I«l»« with ««. •fcrt.fcrt wbrnJiiag, ,„ to be oMd itirid. of briek or cobo^ tU ii>n«r iiirfM. m^ b« «o.t«l WlthTlteh! imnMnw^ or aoiM d««, of both wbrtJTto hlrf.; ry vUcUy. L. «.in, pitch. ««. »nrt be t.k« not to frt t«. o, «, mUturTof ton wW«JjwUd b. ruinous on aooount of its odour. Pitch i. odourlcw when it h.rd- of t^^t-litSr*^*"'* i- impo-ible to ky *"m «y n>m,l rule for the eiie of the ie«h«nb«r^ u w much depends on whet the ioe or the refrifentor i. u^d f wi" ' '"'! ' « ««* a. on. ton «f ice wiU ocoupr about 40 cubkTfcrt^f «^ indudi^wcowfa^rnuterid. In pU«. 4 and 6.1rtZ no corerin, nmSd U^ HNjiire. • aooMrhat leee ep^^ fo, , ton of ice, dependinTwi how oloeel, Tu «o«-Sr^ iL*!!; '^f?^ ^"^ **'^'* ~«*"-A •»«• '«»» «' ioo weigh. 07J !? e w ^*?,« ""'^i? m-tnr- eppioxiBiateijr. U cubic feet A oonmunption i "?IL5^ ^i^ f"™*"^ P« dey for four nonth. would amount to nearly !*ren rJ^J^f! " 5;*,:2'^t!5* " '•* *^ '^ •'•"^ •»»>• •!>«» <" «»»M^ ic^p if it !• carefully pasked. .«J*?Lrtl!i?"*f*'/? '"" month, would amount to three ton.. Allowing for wtj^a tolid Hook of iee e feet now Md « feet high d»uld be roilcient if properly the following table will be found conTcnient:— ^^ IS I dock ■ 18 z 86 inche.. 8 inches thick = 1 ton. 10 U 18 X S« M 10 U u = 1 ton 8 it 18 X 8« U 18 ii u = 1 ton. 7 u 1> X 86 U 14 it u = 1 ton. 6 u 18 x86 a 16 u u = 1 ton. 5 u 18 x86 u SO u u = 1 ton. IS ! Plon for a larger cold *eat ««t k, ««! wilh«« delay. :■ !■ ^^ i