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(.■I// rlijhia )r sir veil 
 ADVANCE PROOF -(.^•"'v"""w/v/..„). 
 Tliiv |,in,,f i,s .«ciit to ynii l„r Jiscii«»i,iii „i,lv, ,1,1,1 ,,11 il„. ,.v|,|..,v 
 :iM.l.' tiin.litm lliMt it i.. not (,. I,„ „-,.,l Inr „ny ...I..-,- |.u,|„,s,. ivn.i" 
 
 ,-V.T. — (.N,r ■,,■. \' nf Ihr ('lillsUhli;,,!,), 
 
 (^inuiiiui; ^ocidi) of (^ii.il ^ii;,iiioor:.. 
 
 INi'dld'OltA I'Kl) ls<7. 
 
 TRANSACTIONS. 
 
 N.ri.-Tliis Snciolv, as ,1 |,i„|y, ,|„,.s M..I l,„M iiM.lf i,.s|„„mi|,l,. („,. ,i„. ,,„ ,, 
 
 Ollil o|iiiiiori..^ sliltcl ir, ur,v .,f il~ |,Ml,;:,:,iii,,i,, 
 
 riSANSI'oKTATIO.N oN iil |; 1.M,a\|) WATKIi W.\ VS 
 AN" I'A.NAr,,-^. 
 
 li.V A. I,, II,,,;,,, M. ('„,, S,,r. (Mv 
 
 (To li,' riM.l 'I liiiiviliiy, lith |),.,.|.|,ib,.|.. K^'Jt.) 
 
 'I'his is a MiliiDct ,ir i„ii,-|, ii„|,Hrl;iiRr. Only „ Ibw wci-li- ,ii;o, „ 
 cc..,..nlinn was liclil at 'W-mmUk i,i ,Ii>eiiss ,i,„| i„ r„nvar,l any prl- 
 ticiibli' M'hcui,. l„ conmci oui-jjivat Inlami I,ak.'s u itii llio soi-boanl. 
 Asyst.n, oCliMj, w.ik'iw.iys was .liM^ussud. via tlw ,^t. LawioMu,' ami 
 Ilu.^mi Hiv,.r>. Tl,.. grrat cost „l sn.!, „ ..,.1„,,„., bas,,! upn,, tli,. 
 cii.stoiiiaiy loc-ka,;;.' systn,,, w,,nl,l i,i,.l(Hibtciliy involve it« pr„ni, iters in 
 iiitiuiato llnancial diMistei- ,', l.i Panama, ami ibiMv lb.- inatlo,- ic-lnl. 
 in so Car as ibe ninventi,ni was eonciTni'd, and sinn- tin n, will, Ibc ex- 
 ception (if a few easnal ivniaiks I'runi an „ecasi(,n:il en,ivs|,Hi,ileiit in 
 the local press, we have lieanl iiotbin;.' more of ii. 
 
 Wbil,' improvements „re cnslantly beii,^- inlr„il,i,T,l i,, on,- metb.Kls 
 of transport by him) in all its various branelies, very little apparently 
 has been areom|ilisbe,l in ,1„' meantime to imp,oi,' ,,iir methods of 
 transport in eonneetion with i,nr \vat,'nvays ; metlio.ls that were inlio 
 ■ luccd (wo or mor,- .^I'luM'ations ba.k ar,- stiil in v.,-ne lo-day. In this 
 
 ficl.l of ,:n-i„eeri,ii: we seem incli 1 to f .|low too elosely. and some 
 
 times blindly, in the lliotsteps of the early eiif;ineeis, eonteiit to accept 
 their plans an, I .1, 'tails liir our modern works of tliis eliiss, without 
 ipiestion, not presiimi,,'.-, or p.ihms b'arin;; to aher designs, which 
 have answered the ivciuirenietits so well, and have withslooilthe test of 
 years. It is always prudent to 1,-t w 11 ,.,i,,u;jh al,.ii,' . but in this par- 
 ticular the tiiiu' has aniv.d f,,r an mlvame o. keep up with tlic ai;e 
 wc live in. Tb,' wi ii,r pr, po-,s. ibn.n.jb tli,- n„>,liiim „f tbis p;,,,er, to 
 suggest fordi>eiission ine important innovation to the ,.xistin- methods 
 in our canal transp.^rl. The principal leaso,, Ibr the in(i-,.,lncli,'n of 
 this innovation is th,' vital i,ni' of cost, as i',iinp;,ii il with the loek,i','e 
 system, and if it Ciiii be in ide to w,.rk a- ,(Vici,i,tly, -o ninch the b.tt.'r, 
 eiisniingto the promoters aio'. -barehol.lers ,i ivasonahle return lor 
 eapital invested, by virlii,' of the iinnienv reduction in the ,-tiiii:,tes. 
 
 At various timi s in walebin^ tb,' pr,i,urcss ,'f vess.ls, tbrnii-b a seri,- 
 id locks ill mir cinaU. it h,,- I'ceuired. to the writer that here mi-ht b,' 
 aiiop,nin'4 lor im|ii,o,'U,. ,ii. m -iil'sl iliitiiiL' s, „„■ otii, , at ran_','meiit to 
 
 overcom,' sun,, nits ibao thai "f elimbin- by an as, li,,'.; ami .hseenil 
 
 ill'.; laibhr ,.r Inek-. and n,,w proe, . ,1 t., ,le.'.,'ril„' ,be Mvnv pi,,p„M',| 
 as an .iflsi'i ,,, lb,' l.„ka^i' -y-t,'nj in on, ,an,il~ ami u.iteiwa\s, lor th. 
 tian-l,r of vi'-.-els. "vr '-iiininii- „■ (Voni ,,„, w:ii, i l,v. I t,. aimther. 
 The aeeompanyin:; drawin'.;s ill.isi r.,te a -ystem ol ,kidways, cmil.ineil 
 with pontoons ami slip-, .ipplyinu tl„. prin,'i|,l,',.mpl.,y,.,| \,y the l'',-enel,. 
 in their "C'liiiuiinle I'", r dle-fanl," l,itw,eii tin' sliditiL; surf ices ,,f the 
 ways, to eliminate Irieti, I, I ,,s fa,' as possibl,'. when lb,' vessel i.< bein- 
 diawn np (he iialii,,., ,,r ( , act a- l.iake p,.w,'r, wl„ii b.dii;.; I,t down 
 the iiaiine a. ,b'Mr. d. To nii.iv I. -nalest a,lvaiila.;e this sy.steiu 
 of skidways, the eni;iiii','r must -i.'Ur,' a siiit.ibl,' site ; g,'iitly slopin- 
 hill side is the „,ost llivonrahle fir lb,' purpo.se. as (hen the w.irk of 
 firiiilino up thi' ways, bein- mostly -nrf.iee work,,i;iv'S L-i-ealest sli','ni,.ili 
 with least expense. There are a v^iriety ,>l wajs, iii which these slibls 
 eaii be placed aecoriliiii: to the itutuiv id irrcnin,! .selected f,,, sit, , but 
 the simplest form o( ibeir use would obviously be up ami ,b,wn i,i one 
 dircclioti. 
 
■\ >• illl|lirtiiMl lU.y.ilirilliHIl in ll lini.-i' nC :i -itr |;,i [h .. 
 
 -liiilwaj.v is lllllt (111 V -llcilllll 111' lilCili'll IliMI- II -IIMIMI nl' .milli.-iilpl 
 
 voliiiiir Idopirntc Itir livlrBiilii' niipliiiif.-i ( IlicicniU. and lnilMi- -iirli 
 vi'liiiiii', n stiiiiine ri-rHdir omi Ik' ccii.-tiui'lMl nl „ i-miv. iii.'iit |iMiiit (,11 
 thf hillsidf, tobc ,iii|.|iliMl I'nuii ili.' ii.'iir.,i ^||■, aii.lcl cir'jallhM.il I'lniii 
 >priiii;s mid siirliici' ilrniiinuc. Ii i. nm>t i-.-. niiiil in ,1 ,|,.,i..,|i lor llu'sc 
 -liitlwujs to liavo an : liMilntc'liliinc niiliiii lulwi 1 o llio -lidirn; way. 
 
 Tliv ulilisntioii of tin so way- In i-miiKi tiio. \vl|li il (ii.snnil woiis, I.t 
 till' iinprofomont nC nniurnl w.itiT ooiir-os. .-|«oi..||v in iiiiuin'.- or 
 ifolntcil ilistri.ts, as aio lioiiid in iIm- Kool.iiny Misliid ■,)■ llrilish 
 (Vilmiibia, anil many otliir parts of llio iniorior oC raimdii, woiiM L^- 
 nn ri'onnniical means of local trnn |orl to ihc M-lnvays of tradi' for 
 the products of tlioso districts, a'.d tlion l.y ilcvclop tl.o country, ami 
 licnilil our uiinini; and otiior in, crests whiili li:iv,' lucn s;: Uy ncLdcolcd 
 — and wliidi arc in inuc'i need of some encoiiia_L.'i iinnt. 
 
 Seme may doulit the practieiihility of hnnillinj: hiaded vessels in (his 
 manner. Those may lie rclerrcd to an article hy Sir liinj. Baker, on 
 Ship Hallways, in the Miiilini>\ Cmhirii M,iii:r.U.i\ of M.nrch, 1891. 
 as to what has been done in that way. The lollowin'.' is an abstract : 
 
 " It is very rare in cujiinccrlni: prohlans to lind (hut what has heen 
 ■'done siicer.ssfnily on a smnll scale is iinpiacticMilr .na lar-c one : 
 " but rather the reverse is the truth. 
 
 "The same truth, 'liat with modi rn appliances and inereiiscd cx- 
 " perlence, cnuinoers of the pnsint (la\ 1 mountir less dinienlty in 
 '■ earryin;; out lar.L'c works than their prcih ces,^ors successfully "sur- 
 " mounted in dialing with sin.ill ones. holiN i;oiid of stcauibo.iis and 
 " countless other tlilnus. imd dnnl.tle- will li.M Mood as ri-:inls ship 
 " railways. 
 
 " Hut, alter all, a ship railway adapted to modcin vessels is but a 
 
 " "iw < ihiniitiou of niichanlial eontrUMnces, every one of 'vhich has 
 
 •' been well tested sin-ly to at least as .■ievi re an extent as it would be 
 " tested in the combination. Thus, in the ease of a shi|i railway the 
 " vessel has to be lifted out of the water, and ll has to he h:'uleil aloiii; 
 " a railway, 011 a propeily eoustructi d car. It is neees.-nry In order to 
 "prove the above proiiO'^itioii, then lore, to .show : (1) That heavy 
 " ves.sels can be floated our and hlmki d mi ^1 sulunerired cradle, and 
 '• that the ciadlc and bloekini; will earij the ship salily hIicii • 'ovim; 
 " aloni: the rnilway. (l!) 'Il,:.l the v.-s, I and crioll. can he lifti'd to 
 " any nipiired height out nf ih. v.ai.r f rail I. v,l. (;i) That the 
 
 " riiil" 1 -hitlers will sujiput the heavy lollin- IomI, The>e point.s 
 
 " will now he dealt with very Iridly i ■ the li};ht nt past e.xiKrience. 
 
 " A Vessel's home is iipiai the n.is.'r, hut she is built on land, and 
 " .she has !o return there whim \er the .liubicsl repairs to her hull 
 ■• have to he ert'eeted. .''^hc .iin-l !.,• -liMn;.; enough, ihenfore. liir both 
 •• conditions— .•isl.oie .u ;ill,,at. It is ii,.w seventy yar- <inec th.' lir-i 
 " i.rial imp.iivemcnl was made, hy ihe mil iluct'o- ■ what was known 
 
 " as the 'ratlin .>-lip- h\ Mr Mori f l„iih ere ih.ship was 
 
 " floated over II Milaioijed er.MlIc, hi,,, k. .1 ilri,,.ii, an, I haul,,! up an 
 " inclined niihun hy m, i-li.iiii,- .1 |„,«, r. Iliiiiu'u th,' pasi seventy 
 
 " years tli,.u.-aii,l> ,.l .,--,1-. up |,, ihr., il„iu-iind t in dead weiuhl, 
 
 ■' hiivc been so h.n.l, ,1 ,,111 ,,1' ih, »al, . ,n, 1 n -;i,,ri I, icih ,if rai!wiiv, 
 •' without the sliuhtisi .lilhiulf, or -liii.iunil iniiiiy an, I i.s a re.-ult 
 ■' of pastc.xpericn,-,'. 11,, i,.i,-onah|e ,|,,uhi leid ,\isi as lo praiiicaiiiliiy 
 " ofeonstruclin;.; n eradl,. ,iip.,l.|,. ,.| ,Mir>iii-.; :i v.-,l over any ien.iith 
 •■ ofiailway «iih -al, ly. ciliiiniy .111, 1 .h>p,,i,li. It ha- h,, n iijually 
 '■ demoustralid hy p.isl ,Npiii, nee ili.l l„a\y i,--, 1- ,-,,n h,' -aii.-f.ic 
 •• lorily lified to liny ri'|Uiriil heiijht ,,ui ,,| k.aw fhe Imuest dock 
 • ill cxisi.nee, known us the ■ liemiiida iLiek. wa- hiii,l .ihont tweiitv- 
 ■■ live years .i^o. ,,1 -uflii'ieni p,,wer :,n,l e.ip.oin 1., hit innielads -.vcif;!!- 
 
 " ing l(l,i;<ll) l,,ii.- iliiir ,,iit ,i| ih,> «,it,'i III •• r.e,-ni ib-;..;n are 
 
 " the • l),,positin;.' |i,„k- ,'l ^l,^sl^. llMrk ,V .•'^tni .ll,i,l, wh,!-,. ih,, 
 
 " visscls arc lilt,, I hy |.iiinpini: inil nhiner-,,! p,i;il 1-, and are 
 
 " deposited oil lixid Ma^in-. and 11 i- si ii, d ili.t ll p,ralioii occu- 
 
 " pies only ahoiii tw. nty miiinte-. As nn i{liis>iiilion of the -reat 
 '■ streiiL'th of ship.s, it may be inentioiH',l ihaii al lli,' Nieolaicfl' Dock. 
 
 2 
 
w 
 
" till' -li iiliii-lii|i ' Ril»>iii,' iiliiilil II.UIIO liiMK III wi'liflit, :in<l XH I'i'i'l ill 
 " li'iialli, ttU" lilliil I'll! lit' (111' wiilir li_v |iiiiilii"ii- I'Xii'iiiliii!; iimI\ fur ii 
 
 •■ Idiylll iiC 171 tilt llllllrv ImT lir.1, lIllH |i';l\illtt llcllll iMllln cif till' 
 •' VI>t1 1III»1I|'I«IIIiiI,11IIi1 llllll. Ilnlwilll-I llllllll'.' llli* 'jr"lt llVlTlrilt'.'. III! 
 '' ■*imi lit' >trill'tlll'lll Wl'llklH'M* W.l>> I'XIllllirrij. 
 
 ■' A» rij;iiiil> il"' iiliilil.v m| ilic «iiy> Mini -li'iiMi. 1.1 I'Mitvili'' liiJiitiif 
 •• ii fliiimiiil I'liiilli'. ill till' III11III11I' prniiiiMil, lilii.' iii'iil Im' Miiil ill lliis 
 " mjf (il I (ImlH'Cll im rlillliicill ll|i|i|i;iliri i>." 
 
 Illlvill^ lliiiii, )> nil ii|i|»iil III (iiirt I xiH rii'ici' in I iiniiii'tiiiii witlillii' 
 riilfll ft nt'!-lli|w lltlll till' li:illlii)(i' lit Ili'llV)' jiiiiils, jllnlitii'il tlii> Klntrllli'lll 
 lluit, i.tirr III), thru' skiilwiiy* arcliul a mw iiiiiiliiii;itiiiii <il nl'l fniilriv- 
 iimc^, wii iiiny liriii'ii'il tii nm^iili'i- liriifly tin' .i|ij>lii' itioii nf tlinii' 
 iiutliuilK ill till' I'liM' iiiiw mull r cnii-iili riicinii II. nil alli'i iiiitivr Inr Im'kH 
 ill iiiir I'liimU Miiil wiilrrHii)M. 
 
 'rill' iiliji'Ct "I llii' |iri'|ii'«i il iiiiiiiVMiiiiii i- 111 rill ii|iiii till' ii'-l I'l'wiii'k" 
 111 llii- cln^n. lltlll Ml |iluii' 1 iilri'|iii.i'« i.f llir kiiiil ill till' tiri-l nitik, ii" 
 ]i:iyiiiL' '"iii'ii'iiKi "'III 'liiii'li.V M'l'iiri' iIh' I'mitiili'iiei' nl tin' invi"-*inu 
 I'liiinniinily I" ili n iiii^lriili-j il iil llii' i n|iiiiil rri|iiiiri| Im- il. I'lHi.niirli. i 
 iniilil nut I'r lntliT iiiiplnji'il. Tlirn' :iii' iimiiy [ilri'i's in Ciiniiilii, 
 wliiTi' llii' iinlnriil lii|iiim,iiili.v "t tin- i i.iiiiiiy wnuiil pi riiiit nl' llicn' 
 ."kiilwiiyK liiini.' (•iiii"liiii'i('il in idnnii'linii with iliiiii> mnl wi'irs, ciin- 
 nicliii).' llii' nulnriil woIit Htnlrln's iit n (■uiii|:iriiti\i ly ^niuH I'lii-t, cnii- 
 hIiIiiii jr till' urrnt nilvniilaiii'i' lUrivnl In ilii' I'lninlry al liir(ii'. in llii' 
 ilevilnpnicnl ot'lln'w otliorwiw wauli' plaris wliric inimTuls nlmiinil, a- 
 iiliiisi'lialc, iinn, •nunc ami liiiiilii r omI valuable nrrn <il' all iliMiiptiuni 
 ilial arc awailinir triiniipdrt In tlic innrkct't nf tlic wnrlil, ami wliidi iil 
 prcHnt lie liuricil ami iinpiiiiliictivc The acconipanyin'-' ilravvinL:> 
 -111 w two melluids nf liandliii}.' ve-'H'ln en llieiie ineline-. 
 
 In Nil. 1 it i" prnliesiil tn nii.e tlie vcm-cI tii the inelini' hy liieinH ef 
 imntniinw, In wliieli i- alliii'lieil a -win^iimi priilimn, einiHistin;.; nfa very 
 stilTeinnliinatiiin nf loiiuituilimil ;iml ern-.- '.iiiilerB iinnle nf •<leel ami 
 liniily rivileil tii(;ellier, anil wliieli 'vlieii lifleil In tlie aii'.'le nl the in- 
 eline is su|ipiirliil ill inlervali hy imii eliiiekliloek!< ami stay;* iiniler- 
 neiitli wiiikiil liy lijiliaulie |iiivmi', -n tliiil tlw LTiiliiiHi tlien in etfecl 
 cnn.liliili.'" a niliil part nf ihe main .^kiihviiy. 
 
 Hyilnmlie iHiwer is iilsn tn tie prnviileil fur pniiipiii-' piiiilnon!!, eiip- 
 slaiiK anil winctic" fur iiiaiiu'iivriiii.' the vifi-eU mi ihe way.'* ; al llie 
 inils nf the iiu'li'.ie, eraille "lip;- are piiiviileil In expeiliie I he work of 
 plneiiij: the vOfisel mi eraille, over wayn, anil prnpelly securiiiL' it liefoie 
 lieiiiL' liatilcil 11)1 incline. Thee slips have al«n attiu'heil ii swin^{ill^ 
 liriiliinn. similar tn these in llio pnlilnnnsdcserilicil atinve. The cr'ullcc 
 like the iiriilirmis, are tiniiieil nf a rijiiil eiinihiiialion nf steel iiirilcrs 
 earryinj; kocl-lilneks ami sliilin;: liil'jc lilneks n|' llie usual liflinL' ihiek 
 
 type. 
 
 The oilier nf iiriieiilnre in vai^iic.; a vo- 1 iinl tr.insleriiii'.; il acrnsa 
 ihe -kelwayH ttniilil lie as fnllnws : I'm- plan Nn, I : -The vessel is 
 llmileil intii the pinitnnn nr eiaille slip, " as the e:isi' may lie," ever the 
 siilumriieil, swiiii;iii.y iiieliiic ain'ciaille, ihiii siiffieiiiit water is piiinpeil 
 nut nf the |iiintnmi 111 lirini; it tn the level nf llie incline where it is 
 seciiicil, ami the vessel with cnnlle nn i.'riilirnn pii.|K'rly lilnekcil. the 
 whnlo is incehaiiically sivinii; In the aii'jie nl' I'lc incline. The sliiji 
 anil eraiUe wmilil then he in pnsitimi In t'c haiileil nloiii; llie ways, nn 
 tn the iiieline, in Ihe crinlle slip al the tenl "f incline, ami tin re placcil 
 in the w.'iler 111 risuiiie Inr vnyiip' hv a cmmr.-c npeialinii in ilial 
 uscil when lieiim riiiMil in tin incline ai ihr nihn siilc nf llii w.iy. 
 
 I'lan N.i. -. in >n tar as ic^arils tin «.i\. ami .laille slips ;ii fnni nf 
 inclines, I- similar In ilial in plan Nn. I . a- In ih i'.^n ami n|«'ialinii, 
 the mily iliflcleiice hein'.; the iiilrnilneiiiin nf a tlnaliii^ tnnilalilc at 
 the tup nf inclines, which rcinnvcs the mcis.ily liir e.vpcnsivc piinipin.' 
 inaehinciy rcipi.icil in piunpiii'.' the pmilnniis used in plan Nn, 1. 
 
 Sir Hcii,iamiii liakcr stales that vatiniis plans have liceii prn|'ii-e.| 
 
 from lime In lime Inr llie (|nick iiinl cllieicnt lilnckini; of the cinvcil 
 
 mrfaee nf a vi ssd's hull In ihe Hal Inp nf ihe cnnlle. Iliiieeil Ml^c- 
 
 * lilocks, hyilraulic rams, elastic tnejs lilleil with air nr water, ami many 
 
 nihcr such cnnlrivances have hceii siiL-ni'stcil. lull the prescnl nniversal 
 
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 1