IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // ^// './j^^. ^^fe^T /WD ^ 1.0 I.I 11.25 tii m III ^ 1^ 2.5 2.2 2.0 1.4 la 1.6 VI n / m '>> M S: '^i Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREfT WEBSTER, N.Y. 14SeO (716) 872-4503 CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICIVIH CoElection de microficlies. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques \ O^ ;^' Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techni The institute hes attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibiiographicaily unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, oi which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. n Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur I I Covers damaged/ Couverture endommag^e Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaur^e et/ou pelliculAe Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque Coloured maps/ Cartes g^ographiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) Coloured plattis and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations an couleur Sound with other material/ Relii avec d'autres documents D D Tight binding n^ay cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La re liure serrde peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distorsion la long de la marge iiitdrieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajoutdes lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texter mais, lorsque cela «tait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6t6 film^es. D D y Additional comments:/ Commentaires suppldmentaires; [Printed ephemera] [18] p. This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est film* au taux de r6duction indiqu« ci-dessous. IP'^ 14X 18X 22X ^ 12X 16X 20X graphic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques I best es of this qua, I change I below. L'Institut a microfiimi le mailleur exemplaire qu'il iui a 6t6 possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-dtre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite. ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mithode normale de filmage sont indiquAs ci-dessous. — le —— E. — « black)/ e ou noire) lur ^— — r distortion bre ou de la — »ure in may ssibie. these n les ajoutdes dans le texte pages n'ont Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommagdes Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaurdes et/ou pelliculiey Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages ddcolories, tachetdes ou piqudes Pages detached/ Pages ditachdes Showthrcugh/ Transparence Quality of print varies/ Quality in^gale de I'impression Includes supplementary material/ Comprend du mstiriel suppl^mentaire Only edition available/ Seule Edition disponible Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc.. ont it6 film^es d nouveau de facon i obtenir la meilleure image possible. tinted ephemera] [18] p. hecked below/ )n indiquA ci-dessous. < 22X 26X 30X 20X 24X 28X 32X The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: Library Indian and Northern Affairs The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol — ^> (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol y (maaning "END"), whichever applies. Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: 1 2 3 1 2 4 5 :ed thanks quality egibility the ire filmed ng on d impres- e. All ig on the ipres- I printed che 'CON- :ND"). L'exemplaire fiim6 fut reproduit grfice d la g6n4rosit4 de: Bibliothdque Affaires indiennet et du Nord Les images suivsntes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tonu de la condition et de la nettet« de l'exemplaire fiimi, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprimis sont fiimia en commenpant par le premier plat et en termlnant soit par la dornidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustratlon, soit par ie second plat, salon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont film6s en commen^ant par la premi^jre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustratlon et en terminant par la dernldre page qui comporto une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaftra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols —► signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbols V signlfie 'FIN". let ie to be ned left to I as tethe Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmis d des taux de reduction diffirents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour 6tre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est filmd d partir de I'angle supdrieur gauche, de gauche i droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nicessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mithode. 1 2 3 I 5 6 Hsm lasl^a. O'OING to the mount- ains, going to God's clean, healthy wilds, near or far, is going home, and therefore it seems to me that the annual outing wise people take now-a- days from dust and care and early death, is one of the most hopeful and sig- ^^. nificant signs of the times. qV<^* a few years ago even the White fVP"' Hills of New England seemed far from civilization, and only the excep- tionally bold and adventurous could ever hope to see such mysterious regions as the Rocky Mountains or the dark woods "where rolls the Oregon." Now they are near to all who can command a little money and time ; and, so free from danger is the journey, less courage is required to go than to stay at home. The sick and well and also little children may now travel in comfort even as far as icy Alaska, and enjoy the nightless days of that beautiful Northland, the bright waters and islands, the blooming gardens on the mountains, the majestic forests and waterfalls, and walk with keen reviving health the crystal fields of the glaciers where all the world seems ice. Without caring for or noting your bodily condition you will gain in health as you go, get rid of doleful apathy, wasting ca "e will be swept away, and you will awake to new life. Even the blind should go to Alaska, and the deaf and dumb — everybody able to breathe — for the sake of the life-giving air. When the first railroad was built across the continent an interesting branch of the stream of tourist travel began to set westward, to see golden California and its glorious Sierra and Yosemite. Then on the completion of the Northern Pacific Railroad over the Cascade Mountains in the summer of 1887 the gate was opened .wide to the icy northern wilderness. The t Sound ar pelago ii interests, made inl and gran from the over the tude of 1( nary disc travelers of shelte the heav Never to Alask descripti miles wi like em made u\ fine and and una sound ai constant if surely poets — tl Some extreme! walls th; they are almost e above or zies spri finger-lil fully dr Alaska < some m^ wood b streams, shores, r But th ing som hitherto filled wi tered in are so si mere , he islands a fringing mm The trip to Alaska from Tacoma through Puget Sound and the thousand islands of the Alexander Archi- pelago is perfectly enchanting. Apart from scientific interests, no other excursion that I know of may be made into the wilds of America in which so much fine and grand and novel scenery is unfolded to view. Gazing from the deck of the steamer one is borne smoothly on over the calm blue waters through the midst of a multi- tude of lovely islands clothed with evergreens. The ordi- nary discomforts of a sea voyage, so formidable to some travelers, are not felt; for the way lies through a network of sheltered inland channels that are about as free from the heaving waves that cause seasickness as rivers are. Never before the year 1879, when I made my first trip to Alaska, had I been amid scenery so hopelessly beyond description. It is a web of land and water thirty or forty miles wide, and about a thousand miles long, outspread like embroidery along the margin of the continent, made up of an infinite multitude of features, and all so fine and ethereal in tone the best words seem coarse and unavailing. Tracing the shining levels through sound and strait, past forests and waterfalls, between a constant succession of fair azure headlands, it seems as if surely at last you must reach the best paradise of the poets — the land of the blessed. Some of the channels through which you glide are extremely narrow as compared with the height of the walls that shut them in. But, however sheer the walls, they are everywhere forested to the water's edge. And almost every individual tree may be seen as they rise above one another — the blue-green, sharply spired, Men- zies spruce; the warm yellow-green Merten spruce, with finger-like tops all pointing in one direction, or grace- fully drooping; and the airy, feathery, brownish-green Alaska cedar. In such reaches you seem to be tracing some majestic river. The tide currents, the fresh drift- wood brought down by avalanches, the inflowing streams, and the luxuriant over-hanging foliage of the shores, making the likeness all the more complete. But the view changes with magical rapidity. Round- ing some bossy cape the steamer turns into a passage hitherto unseen, and glides through into a wide expanse filled with smaller islands sprinkled wide apart, or clus- tered in groups such as only Nature could invent. Some are so small and low the trees covering them seem like mere , handf uls that have been culled from the larger islands and set in the water to keep them fresh, the outer fringing trees around the sides oftentimes spreading like flowers leaning out against the rim of a vase. Thus thoughtfully beautiful are these blessed islands; and their beauty is the beauty of youth. For though the softness of their verdure must be ascribed to the copious and warm moisture in which they are bathed, from the mild ocean-current that comes from Japan, the portion of the Japan current that bathes these shores is itself young, while the very existence of the islands, their main fea- tures, finish and peculiar distribution, are directly refera- ble to the structure of the rocks, and the action of ice upon them during the glacial period, now drawing to a close. The first stop made by the Alaska steamers after touch- ing at Seattle, Port Townsend, Victoria and Nanaimo, is usually at Fort Wrangel, the distance between the last two places being about 600 miles. Wrangel is a boggy place, but is favorably situated as a center for excursions to some of the most interesting portions of the country. Indians may be seen on the platforms of the half dozen stores, chiefly grim women and cubby, chubby children with wild eyes. Most of them have curiosities to sell when a steamer arrives, or basketsful of berries, red, yellow and blue, which look wondrous clean as compared with the people. They are a proud and intelUgent race, nevertheless, and maintain an air of self-respect that no amount of frazzled raggedness and squalor can wholly subdue. Many canoes may be seen along the shore, all fashioned alike, with long beak-like sterns and prows. What the mustang is to the Vacquero the canoe is to the Indian of the Alaska Coast. Yonder you see a whole family, grandparents and all, making a direct course for some island five or six miles away. They are going to gather berries, as the baskets show. Nowhere in my travels north or south have I ever seen so many berries. The woods and meadows are full of them — huckleberries of many species, salmonberries, raspberries, blackberries, currants and gooseberries, with strawberries and serviceberries in the drier grounds, and cranberries in the bogs, sufficient for every worm, bird, beast and human being in the territory, and thousands of tons to spare. The Indians beat them into pulp, press the pulp into cakes about an inch thick, and dry them for winter use with their oily salmon. So fruitful is Alaska. The coast climate is remarkably bland and temperate. It is rainy, however, but the rain is good of its kind; mild in temperature, gentle in its fall, filling the fount- ains of the streams, and ke*^ping the whole land fresh and fertile. While anything more delightful than the shinincr weather after the rain— the great round sun-days ^ , Thus nd their softness Dus and :he mild n of the • young, lain fea- y refera- icc upon a close. :r touch- anaimo, een the gel is a nter for "tions of forms of i cubby, m have Lsketsful ^ondrous a proud an air of less and be seen )eak-like '^acquero Yonder laking a iS away, ■ts show, ver seen "e full of nberries, ries, with mds, and rm, bird, lousands lip, press them for ; Alaska, mperate. ts kind; le fount- nd fresh than the sun-days of June, July and August, can hardly be found elsewhere. Strange as it may appear, many who are looking to Italy for health had better turn their eyes to Alaska. An Alaska midsummer day is a day without night. In the extreme northern portion of the territory the sun does not set for weeks, and even as far south as Sitka and Wrangel the rosy colors of evening blend with those of the morning, leaving no darkness between. Neverthe- less the full day opens slowly. A low arc of colored light steals round to the northeastward with gradual increase of height and span, the red clouds with yellow dissolving edges subside into hazy dimness, the islands* with ruffs of mist about them cast ill-defined shadows, and the whole firmament changes to pale pearl-gray. As the day advances toward high noon, the sun flood pouring through the damp atmosphere lights the waters and sky to glowing silver. Brightly now play the ripples about the edges of the islands, and over plume- shaped streaks between them where the water is stirred by some passing breeze. J. IN A MIST, On the mountains of the main-land and in the high- walled fiords and canons stUl brighter is the work of the sunshine. The broad white bosoms of the glaciers glow like molten silver, and their crystal fronts and mul- titude of icebergs are kindled to a blaze of irised light. You are warmed and awakened into sympathy with all the world. Through the midst of the brooding silence the life and motion about you comes to mind — the weariless tides swaying the dulse over thousands of miles of sea-meadows, the foaming rivers, the swift floods of light through the satiny sky, the marvelous abundance of fishes, the wild sheep and goats on a thou- sand grassy ridges above the forests, bears feasting in the berry tangles, the beaver and mink and otter far back on many a rushing stream, Indians and adven- turers pursuing their lonely ways, the leaves of the forests feasting on the sunbeams, and the glaciers in glorious array fashioning the mountains, extending the domain of the sea, tracing valleys for rivers to flow in, and grinding the rocks to soil for fertile fields for the use of life to come. Through the afternoon the day grows i.i beauty. The air seems to thicken without losing its fineness, and everything settles into deeper repose. Then comes the sunset with its purple and gold, blending earth and sky — everything in the landscape in one inseparable scene of enchantment. During the winter snow falls on the fountains of the glaciers in astonishing abundance, but lightly on the lowlands of the coast ; and the temperature is seldom far below the freezing point. Back in the interior beyond the mountains the winter months are intensely cold, but fur and feathers and fuel abound there. The bulk of the woods is made up of two species of spruce and a cypress. The most valuable of these as to timber is the yellow cedar, or cypress; a fine tree, loo to 150 feet high. The wood is pale yellow, durable, and delightfully fragrant. The Menzies spruce, or " Sitka pine," is larger and far more abundant than the first. Perhaps half of the forest trees of Southeastern Alaska is of this species. The graceful Merten spruce or hem- lock is also very abundant. Alaska has but few pines. The hard woods are birch, maple, alder and wild apple, forming altogether a scarcely appreciable portion of the forests. In the rep^ion drained by the Yukon the princi- pal tree is the white spruce. I saw it growing bravely on the banks of rivers that flow into Kotzebue Sound, forming there the extreme edge of the Arctic forests. The underbrush is mostly huckleberry, dogwood, wil- low, alder, salmonberry vines, and a strange-looking woody plant, about six or eight feet high, with limber rope-like stems, and heads of broad leaves like the crowns of palms. Both the stems and leaves are armed with barbed spines. This is the echinopanax horrida, or devil's club; and it well deserves both its names. It is used by the Indians as an instrument of torture, especially in the work of correcting witches. The ground is covered with a th about as clean and beautiful as the si carpet no dust ever settles, and in w make no mark or sound. It clothes 1 rocks and ice, warmly and kindly, st the shores of the Arctic Ocean. The whole country is shining with but none of them, from the mighty long, to the shortest torrent rushin glaciers, has been fully explored. T the best known rivers of the territory, long, and draws its sources from the n broad Rocky Mountain Plateau, in c of the affluents of the Mackenzie anc first in a westerly direction, then c enters the Coast Range, and sweeps z that is about a hundred miles long. Valley from end to end. To the a sailing up the river the canon is a ga sublime and beautiful pictures, an i ice-capped mountains, cliffs, waterfal groves, meadows, etc. ; while the glacie through the trees vastly enhance its \ Another interesting excursion ma Wrangel to the deserted village of 1 moss-grown ruins are picturesque, am sive and substantial considered as th( Some of the wall planks are two and 1 inches thick, and forty feet long; wh bers that support the ridge poles, and poles, display marvelous specimens ^ few good specimens may also be : Similar monuments are made by all archipelago. Those of the Haidahs in size and workmanship. While the Cassiar gold mines wen Wrangel was the most important to\ but Juneau is now the chief mining c the gold of Alaska is still in the grou one of a thousand of its veins and pla touched. The color of gold may b( every stream, and hardy prospectors fortunes in every direction. Many h; their way into the vast region drained the developments thus far show that tion of the gold belt of the continent ately rich, and mining may safely be i the chief resources of the territory. is covered with a thick felt of mosses, and beautiful as the sky. On this yellow t ever settles, and in walking over it you : or sound. It clothes the raw earth, logs, , warmly and kindly, stretching untorn to he Arctic Ocean. :ountry is shining with perennial streams, lem, from the mighty Yukon, 2,000 miles shortest torrent rushing from the coast )een fully explored. The Stikeen, one of 1 rivers of the territory, is about 350 miles ^s its sources from the northern part of the Mountain Plateau, in company with some 5 of the Mackenzie and Yukon. It flows terly direction, then curving southward St Range, and sweeps across it in a canon a hundred miles long, and like Yosemite nd to end. To the appreciative tourist river the canon is a gallery crowded with aeautiful pictures, an unbroken series of luntains, cliffs, waterfalls, lovely gardens, vs, etc.; while the glaciers pushing forward ees vastly enhance its wildness and glory, cresting excursion may be made from le deserted village of the Stikeens. The ins are picturesque, and surprisingly mas- antial considered as the work of Indians, ill planks are two and three feet wide, six .nd forty feet long; while the carved tim- 3rt the ridge poles, and the strange totem marvelous specimens of savage art. A cimens may also be seen at Wrangel. nents are made by all the tribes of the Those of the Haidahs surpass all others kmanship. lassiar gold mines were being developed the most important town in the territory, now the chief mining center. Nearly all aska is still in the ground. Probably not md of its veins and placers has been yet color of gold may be fflund in almost and hardy prospectors are seeking their ery direction. Many have already made the vast region drained by the Yukon, and nts thus far show that this northern por- d belt of the continent is at least moder- mining may safely be regarded as one of rces of the territory. From Wrangel the steamer goes up the coast to the Taku Glacier and Junfiau. After passing through the picturesque Wrangel Narrows you may notice a few icebergs, the first to be seen on the trip. They come from a large glacier at the head of a wild fiord near the mouth of the Stikeen. When I explored it eleven years ago I found difficulty in lorcin;^ a way up the front through t^n or twelve miles of icebergs. My Indians told me they called this fiord "Hulti." or Thunder Bay, from the noise made by the discharge of the ice. This, as far as I know, is the southmost of the great glaciers of the first class that flow into tide water. Tairweather range. Gliding northward your attention will be turned to the mountains of the Coast Range, now for the first time near and in full view. The icy canons open before you as you pass in regular order showing their wealth. Now a bold headland will hold the eye, or some mountain of surpassing beauty of sculpture, or one of the larger glaciers seen directly in front, its gigantic arms and fin- gers clasping an entire group of peaks, and its broad white trunk sweeping down through the woods, its crystal current breaking here and there in shattered cascades, with azure light in the crevasses, making yor deplore your inability to stop and enjoy it all in cordial T nearness. It was from one of these {glaciers to the south of Cape Fanshaw that the Alaska Ice Co. loaded their ships for California and the Sandwich Islands. In a few hours you come in sight of more icebergs. They are derived from four large glaciers that discharge into the heads of the long arms of Holkam Hay, or Sum Dum. Never shall I forget the wild adventurous days spent there in the summers of 1879 ^^^ 1880. At the mouth of the Taku Inlet you encounter another fleet of drifting icebergs from the grand Taku Glacier, twenty miles distant. On one of my early exploring trips I stopped at an Indian village here and found it deserted. Not a single person was left on guard. For these people are so rich they have little to lose. My Indians said that the inhab- itants were away catching and drying salmon. All the Indian villages are thus abandoned at regular periods every summer, while everybody goes to fishing, berry- ing and hunting-stations; occupying each in succession for a few weeks. Then after the summer's work is done, the winter supply of salmon dried and packed, fish and seal oil stored in boxes, berries and spruce bark beaten and pressed, their hunts after wild goats, sheep and bears brought to a close, their irading-trips made, and the year's stock of quarrels with the neighboring tribes settled, then, all at home in their big block-houses, they give themselves to pleasure, feasting, dancing, visiting, speech-making, drinking, etc. The Taku Inlet contains many glaciers, one of which belongs to the first-class. It makes a grand display of itself as it comes down from its lofty fountains into the head of the fiord and sends off its bergs. To see this one glacier is well worth a trip to Alaska. At the time of my first visit, while I sat in my canoe among the ice, sketching and watching the birth of the bergs as they plunged from the glorious crystal wall, two Indians, father and son, came paddling alongside, and with a good natured " Saghaya " inquired who we were and what we were looking for in such a place, etc., while they in turn gave information about the river, their village and the glaciers up the main Taku Canon. They were hunting seals, and as they shot away crouching in their tiny shell of a canoe with barbed spear in place among the great blue overhanging bergs, they formed a picture of arctic wildness as telling as may be found amid the drifts and floes of Greenland. After leaving Juneau, where, it is claimed, you may see "the largest quartz mill in the world," the steamer 10 passes I Lynn C: of all thi The Aul as you ( their fa forests, head th; seen — th mense ri when yc shown i gatewav ful fan-s front of minal m large gl reaching: send ofl glaciers She tl pomt of lishmenl learn soi of other als, etc- ance of other fis! probabl) Alaska, [ more fisl into the picking On rocl^ hand in The s Strait, a voyage have se( this bay Mount J and the Glanci explorat seventy Through them of canic coi i T passes between Douglas and Admiralty Islands into Lynn Canal, the most sublimely beautiful and spacious of all the mountain-walled channels you have yet seen. The Auk and Eagle Glaciers are displayed on the right as you enter the canal, coming with grand effect from their far-reaching fountains and down through the forests. But it is on the west side of the canal near the head that the most striking feature of the landscape is seen — the Davidson Glacier. It first appears as an im- mense ridge of ice thrust forward into the channel, but when you have gained a position directly in front, it is shown as a b*-oad flood issuing from a noble granite gatewav, and spreading out to right and left in a beauti- ful fan-shaped mass, three or four miles in width, the front of which is separated from the water by its ter- minal moraine. This is one of the most notable of the large glaciers that are in the first stage of decadence, reaching nearly to tide water, but failing to enter it and send off icebergs. Excepting the Taku, all the great glaciers you have yet seen belong to this class. She tly after passing the Davidson the northmost pomt of the trip is reached, and at the canning estab- lishments near the mouth of the Chilcat River you may learn something about salmon. Whatever may be said of other resources of the territory— timber, furs, miner- als, etc.— it is hardly possible to exaggerate the import- ance of the fisheries. Besides cod, herring, halibut and other fishes that swarm over immense areas, there are probably more than a thousand salmon streams in Alaska, in some of which at certain seasons there is more fish than water. Once I saw one of my men wade into the midst of a crowded run and amuse himself by picking up the salmon and throwing them over his head. On rocky shallows thousands could thus be taken by hand in an hour or two. The steamer now goes down the canal, through Icy Strait, and into the wonderful Glacier Bay. All the voyage thus far from Wrangel has been icy, and you have seen hundreds of glaciers great and small. But this bay and the region about it and beyond it towards Mount St. Elias is pre-eminently the Iceland of Alaska and the entire Pacific Co, -t. Glancing for a moment at the results of a general exploration we find that there are between sixty and seventy small residual glaciers in the California Sierra. Through Oregon and Washington, glaciers, some of them of considerable size, still exist on the highest vol- canic cones of the Cascade Mountains — the Three Sisters, II Mounts Jefferson, Hood, St. Helens, Adams, Tacoma, Baker, and others, though none of them approach the sea. Through British Columbia and Southeastern Alaska the broad sustained chain of mounta-ns extend- ing along the coast is generally glacier-bearing. The upper branches of nearly every canon are occupied by glaciers, which gradually increase in size to the north- ward until the lofty region between Glr.cier Bay and Mount St. Elias is reached. In Prince William Sound and Cook's Inlet many grand glaciers are found, but farther to the westward, along the Alaska Peninsula and the chain of the Aleutian Islands, though a considerable number of glaciers occur on the highest peaks, they are quite small and melt far above sea-level, while to the north of latitude 62°, few, if any, remain in exisfehce; the ground being comparatively low, and the snowfall light. jnHS^ d!TKA BAV. The largest of the glaciers that discharge into Glacier Bay is the Muir, and being also the most accessible is the one to which tourists are taken and allowed to go ashore and climb about its ice cliffs and watch the huge blue bergs as with tremendous thundering roar and surge they emerge and plunge from the majestic vertical ice-wall in which the glacier terminates. The front of the glacier is about three miles wide, but the central berg-producing portion, that stretches across from side to side of the iniet like a huge jagged barrier, is only about half as wide. The height of the ice-wall above the water is from 250 to 30c feet; but soundings made by Captain Carroll show that about 720 feet of the Tacoma, oach the ;heastern 3 extend- ng. The upied by i«j north- Bay and m Sound I'jnd, but isula and siderable they are le to the xisfeiice; snowfall 3 Glacier jssible is ed to go the huge roar and : vertical wide, but es across I barrier, : ice-wall oundings ;et of the wall is below the surface, while still a third portion is buried beneath moraine material. Therefore, were the waicr and rocky detritus cleared away, a sheer wall of blue ice would be presented a mile and a half long and more than a thousand feet high. The number of bergs given off varies somewhat with the tides and weather. For twelve consecutive hours I counted the number discharged that were large enough to be heard like thunder at a distance of a mile or two, and found the rate to be one in five or six minutes. When one of the assured masses falls there is first a heavy, plunging crash, then a deep, deliberate, long- drawn-out thundering roar, followed by clashing, grating sounds from the agitated bergs set in motion by the new arrival, and the swash of waves along the beach. All the v,ry large bergs rise from the bottom with a still grander commotion, heaving aloft in the air nearly to the top of the wall, with tons of water pouring down their sides, heaving and plunging again and again ere they settle and sail away as blue crystal islands; free at last after being held rigid as part of the slow-crawling glacier for centuries. And strange it seems that ice formed from snow on the mountains two and three hun- dred years ago, should after all its toil and travel in grinding down and fashioning the face of the landscape still remain so lovely in color and so pure. The rate of motion of the glacier as determined last summer by Prof. Reid is, near the front, about from five to ten feet per day. This one glacier is made up of about 200 tributary glaciers, which drain an area of about a thousand square miles, and contains more ice than all the eleven hundred glaciers of the Alps com- bined. The distance from the front back to the head of the farthest tributary is abc .t fifty miles, and the width of the trunk below the confluence of the main tributaries is twenty miles or more. I made my first visit to Glacier Bay toward the end of October, 1877 Winter weather had set in ; young ice was forming i. the sheltered inlets, and the mountains had received a fresh covering of snow. It was then unexplored and unknown except to Indians. Vancouver, who carefully surveyed the coast nearly a hundred years dgo, missed it altogether, on account, I suppose, of bad weather and a jamb of ice across its mouth. I had spent the best part of the season exploring the canon of the Stikeen River, and a little of the interior region on the divide of some of the southerly tributaries of the Yukon and Mackenzie. It was getting rather late 13 for new undertakings when I returned to Wrangel, but eagerness to see some of the glaciers to the northward, however imperfectly, drove me on. Assisted by Mr. Young, the enthusiastic Alaska missionary, I succeeded in procuring a canoe and a crew of four Indians — Toyette, Kadechan, Stikeen John, and Sitka Charley. Mr. Young, who was anxious to learn something of the numbers and condition of the Indian tribes that might be seen on the way, agreed to go with me. Hastily gather- ing the necessary supplies, we set forth October 14th. While we were on the west shore of Admiralty Island, intending to make a direct course up Lynn Canal, we learned that the Chilcat Indians were drinking and fighting, and that it would be unsafe to go among them before their quarrels were settled. I decided therefore to turn westward through Icy Strait and go in search of Sitka Charley's wonderful " ice mountains." Charley, who was the youngest of my crew, having noticed my interest in glaciers, told me that when he was a boy he had gone with his father to hunt seals in a large bay full of ice, and that he thought he could find it. On the 24th, as we approached an island in the middle of Icy Strait, Charlie said that we must procure a supply of wood there to carry with us, because beyond this the country was bare of trees. Hitherto we had picked our way by Vancouver's chart, but now it failed us. .Guided by Charlie, who alone knew anything of the region, we arrived late in what is now called " Bartlett Bay," near the mouth of Glacier Bay, where we made a cold camp in rain and snow and darkness. At day- light on the 25th we noticed a smoke, where we found a party of Hoonah seal-hunters huddled together in a small bark hut. Here Sitka Charlie seemed lost. He declared the place had changed so much he hardly recognized it, but I succeeded in hiring one of the hunt- ers to go on with us up the main Glacier Bay, or " Sita- da-ka," as the Indians called it. The weather was stormy, cold rain fell fast, and low, dull clouds muffled the mountains, making the strange, treeless land all the more dreary and forbidding. About noon we passed the first of the low descending glaciers oti the west side, and found a landing-place a few miles beyond it. While camp was being made I strolled along the shore, eagerly examining the fossil wood with which it was strewn, and watching for glimpses of the glaciers bi c.th the watery clouds. Next day the storm continued, a wild south- easter was howling over the icy wilderness, and every- body wished to remain in c.amp. Therefore I set out igel, but ■thward, by Mr. cceeded idians — Charley. g of the night be gather- >er 14th. r Island, anal, we ing and ig them herefore iarch of Charley, iced my L boy he bay full ; middle 1 supply this the ked our .Guided region, tt Bay," made a At day- e found ether in ed lost. ; hardly le hunt- r " Sita- ler was muffled d all the ssed the side, and While , eagerly :wn, and e watery d south- :i every- set nut alone to see what I might learn. Pushing on through mud and sludgy snow I gained at length a commanding outlook on a bald promontory, about 1,500 feet high. All the landscape was smothered in busy clouds, and I began to fear that I had climbed in vain, when at last the clouds lifted a little, and the ice-filled expanse of the bay, and the feet of the m.ountains that stand about it, and the imposing fronts of five of the great glaciers, were displayed. This was my first general view of Glacier Bay — a stern solitude of ice and snow and raw, newborn rocks, dim, dreary, mysterious. I held my high ground, gained at such cost, for an hour or two, sheltering myself as best I could from the blast, while with benumbed fingers I sketched what I could see of the stormy landscape, and wrote a few lines in my notebook. Then I beat my way back to camp over the snow-smothered ridges, and bowlder piles and mud beds, arriving about dark. Mr. Young told me that the Indians were discouraged and would like to turn back. They feared that I had fallen, or would fall, or in some way the expedition would come to grief in case I persisted in going farther. They had been asking him what possible motive I could have in climbing mountains in such miserable weather; and when he replied- that I was seeking knowledge, Toyette remarked that Muir must be a witch to seek knowledge in such a place. After coffee and hard-tack, while we crouched in the rain around a dull fire of fossil wood, the Indians again talked dolefully, in tones that accorded well with the growling torrents about us and the wind among the rocks and bergs; telling sad stories of crushed canoes, hunters lost in snowstorms, etc. Toyette said that he seemed to be sailing his canoe into a " skookum house'-' (jail) from which there was no escape, while the Hoonah guide said bluntly that if I was going near the noses of the ice-mountains he would not go with me, for we would all be lost by bergs rising from the bottom, as many of his tribe had been. They seemed to be sinking deeper into dismal dumps with every howl of the storm, when I reminded them that storms did not last forever; the sun would shine again; that with me they need fear nothing, because good-luck followed me always, though for many years I had wandered in higher mountains than these, and in far wilder storms. That Heaven cared for us and guided us all more than we knew, etc. This small speech rli-J. good. With smiling reassurance Kadechan said that he liked to travel with fearless people; and dignified Toyette declared he would venture on, for my " wa-wa was delait " (my talk was very good). We urged our way against ice and weather to the ex- treme head of the bay, and around it; going up one side and down the other; and ucceeded in reaching all the main glaciers excepting those at the head of frozen inlets. Next to the Muir, the largest of the glaciers enters the bay at its extreme northwestern extension. Its broad, majestic current, fed by unnumbered tributaries, is divided at the front by an island, and from its long, blue wall the icebergs plunge and roar in one eternal storm, sounding on day and night, winter and summer, and from century to centuxy. Five or six glaciers of the first class discharge into the bay, the number varying as the several outlets of the ice fields are regarded as dis- tinct glaciers, or one. About an equal number of the second class descend with broad imposing currents to the level of the bay without entering it to discharge bergs; while the tributaries of these and the smaller glaciers are innumerable. The clouds cleared away on the morning of the 27th, and we had glorious views of the ice-rivers pouring down from their spacious fountains on either hand, and of the grand assemblage of mountains immaculate in their robes of new snow, and bathed and transfigured in the most impressively lovely sunrise light I ever beheld. Memorable, too, was the starry splendor of a night spent on the east side of the bay, in front of two large glaciers north of the Muir. Venus seemed half as big as the moon, while the berg-covered bay, glowing and spark- ling with responsive light, seemed another sky of equal glory. Shortly after three o'clock in the morning I climbed the aividing ridge between the two glaciers, 2,000 feet above camp, for the sake of the night views; and how great was the enjoyment in the solemn silence between those two radiant skies no words may tell. That morning we had to break a way for the canoe through a sheet of ice half a mile wide, which had formed during the night. The weather holding clear we obtained telling views of the vast expanse of the Muir Glacier and made many sketches. Then fearing that we might be frozen in for the winter we hurried away back through Icy Strait into Lynn Canal. We then visited Davidson Glacier and the Indian village at the mouth of the Chilcat River, where we obtained views of three other low descending glaciers of the same rank as the Davidson. Thence, turning south, home- ward bound, we passed the Auk and Eagle Glaciers, and battled awhile with the bergs of Su escaping being frozen among them Fanshaw we were stormbound near could visit the great glacier near Stikeen. November 20th we reached ice lessons for the season were done. Next year in August I again set ou a canoe and made more careful e glaciers in Glacier Bay, and of man discovered during the season, the being those of Sum Dum and the i the head of Taylor Bay to the west crossing which I encountered some e: Again last summer I sp* Glacier Bay, mostly on the ^ acquainted with its higher the fossil forests about it and flora of the lower ridges, < describe the glories of those world — the beautiful and t crevasses, the clustering pini streams ringing and gurglin; cut in the living body of the radiance of the sunbeams fa and dale, the rosy glow of th the march of the clouds on the mysterious splendor of the nights grow long, etc., would require a volume, whi the space to add — Go to Ala (. le POOLE BROS. CHICAGO. 17 ; with the bergs of Sum Dum, narrowly g frozen among them. North of Cape were stormbound nearly a week ere we le great glacier near the mouth of the ember 20th we reached Wrangel, and our the season were done. 1 August I again set out from Wrangel in made more careful examination of the acier Bay, and of many new ones that I jring the season, the most noteworthy f Sum Dum and the immense glacier at 'aylor Bay to the west of Glacier Bay, in \ I encountered some exciting adventures, ain last summer I spent two months in ier Bay, mostly on the Muir Glacier getting ainted with its higher fountnins, studying 3ssil forests about it and the rich and lo\ °1/ of the lower ridges, etc. Fain would I -ibe the glories of those months in the ice- i — the beautiful and terrible network of isses, the clustering pinnacles, the thousand ms ringing and gurgling in azure channels 1 the living body of the glacier, the glorious ince of the sunbeams falling on crystal hill iale, the rosy glow of the dawn and sunset, narch of the clouds on the mountains, and nysterious splendor of the Auroras when lights grow long, etc., etc., etc. But this d require a volume, while here I have only pace to add — Go to Alaska, go and see. i. ^S TO RATES, ROUTES, WITH MAPS, ETC., CALL ON oR Auontww YOUR NEAREST TICKET AQENT, OR ANY OF THE FOLLOWING REPRESENTATIVES OF THE NORTHERN PACIFIC R. R. Jas. C. Pond, ass-t qem-l ticket agent, • • • • st. paul, minn. B. N. Austin, ass-tgen'l passenqer agent, • • • st. paul, minn. A. D. Charlton, ass-t qen-l pass-r agent, 121 first st., Portland, ore. Geo. R. Fitch, Gen-l Eastern Agent, 319 Broadway, NEW YORK. C. B. KINNAN, Eastern Passenger Agent, • 319 Broadway. NEW YORK. J. L. HARRIS, New Enquand Agent, • 306 Wash'nqton St., BOSTON, MASS. A. ROEDELHEIMER, Gen'L Agent, Cor. High and Chestnut Sts., COLUMBUS, O. E. R. WADSWORTH, Qen-l Agent, • • 210 So. Clark St., CHICAGO, ILL. Q. W. R. GOODNO, City Passenger Agent, 2 id So. Clark St.. CHICAGO, ILU G. G. CHANDLER, Gen'L Agent, • 621 Pacific Avenue, TACOMA, WASH. I. A. NadeAU, General Agent, SEATTLE, WASH. T. K. STATELER, Qen'l Agent Pass-r Dept. 838 Market Street, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. W. N. MEARS, Traveling Freight and PAssEtJOF.R Agent, • TACOMA, WASH. H. SWINFORD, Gen-l Agent, N. P. & M. R'y, 457 Water St., WINNIPEG, MAN. Cor. Main and Grand Sts.. HELENA, MONT. 23 East Broadway, BUTTE CITY, MONT. 306 Washington Street, BOSTON, MASS. 47 South Third Street. PHILADELPHIA, PA. 47 South Third Street, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 44 Exohanqe Street. BUFFALO, N. Y. • ELMIRA, N. Y. . , 128 St. James Street, MONTREAL, QUE. 79 i 8 I York Street, TORONTO, ONT. Griswold and Larnard Streets, DETROIT, MICH. 42 Jackson Place, INDIANAPOLIS, IND. . . Grand Central Station, CHICAGO, ILL. • Grand Central Station, CHICAGO, ILL. . 104 North Fourth Street, ST, LOUIS, MO. • 132 Vine Street, CINCINiMATI, O. • 144 Superior Street, CLEVELAND, O. 403 West Locust Street, DES MOINES, IOWA. ST. PAUL, MINN. Reed Hotel, CHATTANOOGA, TENN. 121 First Street, PORTLAND, ORE. A. D. Edgar, gen-l agent, Jas. McCaig, gen-l agent. C. E. Bray, d. H. Rogers, Jr., . L. L. BILLINGSLEA, Geo. D. Teller, W. F. Sherwin, Thomas Henry, Thos. Ridgedale, A. A. Jack, D. W. Janowitz, C. G. Lemmon, J. N. Robinson, T. L. Shortell, J. J. Ferry, [ T. D, Campbell, O. Vanderbilt, W. H. Whittaker, . T. S. PATTY, . F. O'NEILL, J. M. HA!«NAFORD, CHAS. S. FilE. Gen'l Traffc Manager, Qen'l Pass'r and Ticket Agt. ST. PAUL, MINN. IQ 8 IQ W _M_ i'i 5'' Sb Seals of 5*.«ule Milei M 1 ' »"V ,-''■'' ^. Sitriiiii'* I..I %> «>;>■ Wuoil Mln. I'utt -X -^.^ ,*' ?/^^ .!>•• (2 N«w KngUnd /^ • \* Cily # ■^IU|>l' a'^wS •s:«?s Calnpbel tKurttka \ AlMjrilf«ffi ) Y F«ulk> / \/ \ irioi ^ailwfuvti ] bBoIse CY. iaiupa V T^' \ RiT. \^_J_,-' |\ :;l\Htr»lo0.vp <5 . 'Mrw^ SmJ ■G V' H r I \ N Lt Sp's _Uu«hvill(j Ctxly ^*«l Vr,!.^ UiIucIl. ■'*.^"»5 Kiiiff/, I TuK-ftrotmo L'..-lU>n Tecoma i\. Fcrrii/ w Dcrdeau \LSraiiiio j^" . ,31rjl>lu: iAm «*, ,ui\h Cfili ■AN PRANOISCO / VJ Y 3V ^^ PeVi ^ Moon urabolelt^ Mtn.l|.^ JP«liia.lP (Y (. Uwii if 7E V) ^ D A rorth /> ,. *Eank» J AuitlO .rf ... Cceotao (CITY "DowneyvUle ^Qitlia Horayo • J 'S>r*V^lU=t°'_llf"I!;i£ u....in..^, ^ ,» c.l.J..-ri 1 ^i .,.:..4Leu!9f^^^'f^,i*^t-Tl^2^%^ "Hiratto Mullen B K\ A S ( v.8o,uuk~ -^a-yv^^^s- _j^\,^„., V,-_^«„„.pi,.>\o.,, s;;;^ ciiin.vTs ii co&c.riizrn r:::^^ =;^?rSTP^- - ^- •'•" Juloaliii Q St «|..)t. iitmtu* ft. in. 7 88 H 88 a 81 l>im It, ■ k Mtmr. Mny June July Auir. Auit 1 ll> a 8 8 1 31 llf lupckH Uiifl H4rk Mny 88 June 81 July 81 Auk 80 8ept. 10 "li-HiHfr U l-.r Miiy 18 Juno 17 July 17 Auit. la Bepi 1» lll.r 111 July Au«. Bept. Oct. ,'k Juns June July July Autf. Auir. June lu July 4 July 80 Aug. 3 Auv. 18 Sopt. 8 U a 4 4 ItiH "Uiinnit" will hn dnvntHil, durtiitf tliH hhiimiii iif \tiil xirluHlvfily to ftxriirxloM tniltli', (ly nt»*it. TIte rnuitil (ri|> nilH fnidi Ht. I'atil. MiniifliiiinliH, huliitli or Axhliin'i to Hllkii. Inolii'linu hnrtli tUKi mwiil.* north of TaniiiiH, will tw |17ft. Ttm ttiiiB coMMiiiiicfl li> iIih ■yiii'tMi" in iiiiikintl lh« round trip will hit aliont IwttlvH ilit>M -otliHr «tMtini- VTH iihont nliit«l (ravi-jlni^ pa-tM-nuiT ii«Kiit>* ">f Oitt Nnrthern I'aritic. who will it'Mt- rvf arcnni- riiodiiliunt Tor iln ixilnm-; nr iiiirtiKM may t-otnainnlfittti ilirHil with CllAX, H. Fkk, (tcro^ral I'aKHHnMHi- anil TlfkHt Aucnl iif II.h Nortlii>rn I'afillo KailroH.I. Hi Ht. I'unl. Minn. . , ^ .,., , , , TiiH HKaMon oitoii.JK from Mny U* to S»«|i(«mtwr .«Nh. IlfkHtt* v,i,l >m limilt^il IohIx montliH.Koo.lHointi to Portland or Tiii*oma«ixl)>. r-turn- inif within Hnai Hnilt, tim holdur, hownvwr, lo Ikhvh KltkH on (,■ lit-forw Ufiol>«r;JUt. :^'A .>OT.\l: miOK.— Porhiiim Ihn TDOMt intiTHHtl.iu >>r>ok >«( t.-n on Alaskii. i« that fioui tlio pen of Mth. (iMrn-ral C. tr T, Coi.l.lH bnnrliiu ths tit In "A Wonian'f I rip to .\hi«ka;" from iho p.itKH of th« CaHwIl SnbliiihInB 4'oini'Uiiy, Nhw York, an'l illll^tralnd hy il ' ot«" AnifrU'Jin Hank PULLMAN SLCEPING-CAR RATES. IIETWUKN HT. PAPL OH MINNEAPOLIS AND ^^__^^_^ ForKuu Falls.... Oriiiul Forks.... arnftun Winnipeg FiiFKo ,. .... IjlvlnKUtuu Bozeman .... Helena Butte Spokauu Falls.. Portland Tacoma ri.BO S 3 (X) ' 8. SO SOO 3.00 O.OO ii.«,i„ , """'" Aliii«< , "'"'" ... t 8.00 lO.OO OOO lO.OO 3.0O 8.00 7.00 too 80O 8.60 1060 13.60 , -, 13.60 B7.00 1 38.60 4.0O 14 00 $17.00 14.00 ISO) 10.60 17.0O 81 OO 86 60 87.0O 38.60 -ix' 7.00 aaoo ■3000 uaoo 4000 68.00 sa.oo North Pacific Coast Exc ursions All #N0 Uoun.:eTrlp K.«4-iir«loii Th-kt-l. Ht. I'liul, MLnneniHiliH. Ihilnth, Wewt Snifrlor, Huhwrior or AHlilitnd to Taconm. Heiittle, I'ortliinil or Vic- toria, (uid return, i» on fale at iIih \\ Intt* tirttt nariifd, aixl hy all eaHtern lint'H; limit hIi nionlliM from datf* of falt<; uooti uoliiu trip tixty dajH. and for retiirii, within limit of ticknt. Tho abovti ticket Mold iiny day to all appli (■(UilH Tli-ketH wilt liH iHKiied at thi^ ralit onL liy thi< Northern I'at'itli' to I'nrthnid and return to anv MiMHouri Uivtr iiiint, or (o Sioux <'ity th»iiH-H to St. I'aul, Hithont a'IdiTional clutrKe. Tit'kelH will !>» In^ned at t>4\ rale out vU\ Northern i'atitlf to either Purtlitiid, Tiiconwi, Heattle or Victoria, and return viu thut'anadiun I'ariilctoHt. Paul, MlnneapnliH or Port Arthur. For rntPM I'orthind to I'uK'et Hound polntH hikI Ala^kn, lu effect May Ut to October '.iUt, nee the following table: Portland to Tnconm and return $ 9.00 Portliuul to Seattle and return lO.OO Portland to Victoria and return 14. OO Portlffnf T.u'oma. Yellowstone Nations— Park SEASON OF 1891, JUNE IST TO OCTOBER 1ST. $110 TICKETS. On i*u\v at St. Paul. Minneaiiolin imd Dutulh, Minn., Ashland, WIh., Portland. Ore., and Tacoma, Wimh., May '^Itth to Sfpteiidmr -J^lh; by eantern lineH, Mtiy "JJ-th to heptenilicr ".ITth. vovtTH the exiHMiNe« of the roiuid trip from Kt. Paul, Minneapulis. hulnih, AnIiIiuuI. Portliind or 'lacoma, to mid iSrou^h the Park.excHntto Yellowstone Lake. 'I'hiH iiH'liirinKrt Hu""'- . . . ■ l.hnlt of ticket, forty dnys, /. «.. K<>f»l KOin« thirty day, returnum ten (lajH. All ticketH, however. niUHt tie UHeii in the Park beitirt' Oclol)er' til li. ^liip.o«cr« will Iw allowed within llnal limit of ticket at Ibllink'-^ or iiii> IKtint east t hereof, or Holeiia and pointMwesI when ticket has lieen ^.nrclnl^.'d at PoriliiMd or 'lacoina. Tin* return portion of ticket must beHiuiied and stamped Jit Mammoth Hot Springs Kolel. and presented on main line train Tor return i^assa^e within one -overs in the I'ltrk (iraiiled at the pleasure of tourirtts within tiiial liniilof ticket, the on l> additional expense beinw for hot «d accommoOationii. $12.50, $40 AND $50 TICKETS. On «*alc at LiviuKston, Minit., May Mist to September Wth, both dates inclusive. The iMtt.&O Ticket includes railroad and Mnue fares Livinusion to Mammoth Hot Springs and return, and one and one-uuarter days board. *-.. 'ihe ^ 1» TIcUct includes railroad itiid stawe fares I,ivinKsti)n to .Mam- moth Hoi Spririys, Norris. (irand Cafion and Falls of Ihe \elknvslone, [A)wei' and I'pper (ieyser Hanins and return, and five and one-tiuarter da.\»' accommodaliiiiis at the Park .\sr.ociiition hotels. 'I'he •!»;»« 'rtekct includes rjiilroad and ^Imre fiires Livinystou to :\lam- moth Hot Spriuns. Noiris, Cr I Canon and Falls of t ht« \ .•llowstonc, Velloustone Lake, Lower and I'pper (iejscr Ha-in- and return, and -is and one-onarter da%s'nccominndaliorisat the I'.irk A--uciatiori hotels. I.lmil (iood if u-ed Itftween ,lum' Isl lunl dctotit-r illli, inclusive. No wtampinw of tlies*' ticketM rtninired at any point in the I'ark. $50 ROUND-TRIP TICKETS St. Paul, Miiuieapolin, Dululh or Ashland to Llviiitf^^ton and return, will Iw) on sale at iiointw named. May 'Jilth to Heptemla-r ^Ih. Idmit forty dayH; ,Mod noinu thirty days, ret uriiinuten days I he return portion of ticket must be sij^ned ami sianiped at Livimrston and pre- tMuited on train on or within uioday of such riate. (•toyovcr allowed within limits of ticket. A Oullv Mlaffe I Ihk the <> .Ine.— The Park Aswciation will run a daily line of ilire -fiisiin, in both diiections, ijetween the tollowitoj . , ('inujibar, the tt-rniiuiis of the Norm rn Pacilu-'s Vidlowstoue nch.and Mammoth Hot Sprini;-*. a di-tance of ^ev.■n miles. Mam moth Hot Sprinus and Ppiier lleyser Hasiu, via Norris, Lower and Mi'lway dor HaniuRi Norris (iuyserliasin and \ellowstone Lake, viatirand t'ln'mn. -taueo . U. K., returninK via aland (ileal Northern K>h t'*'.""' ' tkl.U) THE ROUTE OF THE KA EXCURSION STEAMERS. Copyright 1801, ly CirAs. S. Fkk. « Ught Houses. ro Spriniidale. Mon I'o Ho/emiin, Mont. lo Helena, Mont., a I'o Helena. Mont , > MontaiuiCeuti Mont, and return, via N. P. It. U .Mont., and return, ^'oin^^ via N.P.U.U., returnliiK via I'nion Ho l(y..or via I'liion I'acitic lo Owden or Denver, and thence -. . .my direi't route to Midwiuri Hlver; or to St. Paul via ITnion PnciticKy. direct throuuh Sioux City W) Hi r.^Mi—iiubi. Mont . j;i)d return ^2 /-' roSi^ikaneFalls, Wash., and nMurn. via N. P, It. li ^U.'*' "To Spokane Falln. Wash, and return, tiiuiiu via N. P. K, H.. returning via I'nion Pacitlc Hy. to tyden or llenvi-r, and thence via any direct route to Missouri Hiver; »r via I'nion Pacilic Uy. to _ Missouri Hiver, nr direct throuKh Sii>ux City toSt.i'aul lO.U) roMBdicalLake,\Vadli., and return, via N. P. U.U 70.0U ■Wlicnltjf fiiluii l'a.-ifli.-i< II....! ..nli ti 0/.l,.ri tl.,- turn- ,im thirty du,iH. Limit on Sprinitdale tickets is forty days; wood Koin« thirty pooig wios.,gHomviRi. chioaoo. »| NtdU ■etnrniim ten days. ... ited at any iioint wtthin limit of tickets. » Mrante' |.:*S3