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Whanavar Ih tond*! la taxta, n'( -t'-- --^Y-- — T^ L Intlillit ft MlMflMift M MaMpoiriMadtra aaampMra^Mi I rap f odMiya. ow ^ui pawant m I la NiMnVda nofwaia sa ^11 F^Cdoa Q r— iNpi L-J ^Mtii w i t a nrta a atMii pa W e M lia i I r^FFii«M d to eoloMwd. itahlwd tirloiiad/ D Quality of print variaff/ Qiialit* in«tBla da rimprastion □ Conti oi iO M i p agi n ation/ Pafination eontinua □ Indudat ihdaxiaa)/ ' Comprand Ml (dat) indax Titia on haadar tOton from:/ La titra da I'an-tlta proviant: dj:: Titia pap of itsua/ ^ da titra da la iivraiion Caption of iNiia/ D^.^..^ C3 . I Jk lix • iix ax .. ■: •* ■-• ■ i. 26X »x ■ ^ „ 1 i^ ^ * ri 12X itx . JM , 24X 2tX 32X — 4 ■, \ h f • . ■ .. V. tiM oonv fNfiMd h«r» hat h—n r«produo«d th«nks to Ills |tnf PMlty ^^ti Mat rope] I tan Toronto fUf a ranca Library ',^SaldMln Keoai - ' Ttia I m a g a i a >paa H t n haca ara tha baat qwaHty paaal b ia aofiaidarinf tlia eondMon and iaglbillty of tha original copy and in kaaping w|Hh tha filming oontraat apaolfiaatlonai Original ooplaa In printad papar aovars ara fllmad ^ baglifnlng with tha from aovar and anding on tha last paga with a printad or llluttratad Impras*. slon, or tha baok eovar whan appropriata. All Athar original eoplas ara fllmad bt ginning an tha first paga with a printad or illvttratad Imprtt- slon. and anding on tha last paga with a printad or Uluatratad Imprasston. L'axamplaira film* tut tap f od u y frtao i la gdndrasHAda: . ■. . ■ • ' ■ ■.•>.' Natropol I tan Toronto Mforonco Ubrpry ^ laldMin Rooai ipWi imagOT aiNvanwv vm 9tm vaprwiinaa avaa la plus grand aoln. aompta tanu da la aondHlon at da la nattatO da I'axamplairo fNm*. at an oonformltA avaa laa oondMona du fllmaga. ■ . ■ laa aiiamplalraa origlnauii dont la oouvanura an paplar aat Imprimda sont fllmda an aommangant par la pramlar plat at an tarmlnant aoltiwr la darniira paga qui aomportia una ampraHita '<^ • d'impraasion OM dlNustraHon. aolt par la aaoond plat, saion la aas. Toua laa autraa axamplalfaa originauK sont fllmda an oom m angant par la 4* pramMra paga qui oomporia una ampralnta d'impraasion ou dlNuatiailon at an 'tamilnant par la damlOro paga qui aompona una taNa ampralnta. Tha last raeordad frama on aaeh mierof iohs ahall contain tha symbol ^^^^ (msaning "CON* i> TINUED"). or tha symbol ▼ (maaning "END"). 1 wtdc h avar appHas. U *%■■ ^ M 32X <^i , lis t » ~ \ 'X' •'•I /■ AfaikmuUieal. Modem Assmations of Ontario, «. ^ "HS %• ^ •sy/ %»i ',*'<• • % . ^-^^ i\>-^its. ^!*.^;vta*»-:c* ^ J*' ' f *As" i-.:%^5 -* ..■"»" -\ \,-'i: -\ •j > J ^ i f [r. Ra^, *r., \- ^;" - « i^nm^. '#'.. ..^- ?N»» »<■' UNIVERSITY MATRICULATION IN 01 ''».^r Ovm topio is Univanity MatrioulAtion, but we OMinot dwouM it properlv apart from th« High Sohool •uufuinationa wholly oontrollad by the Edu- oation DapartuMht. Many eandidatea take both (ha MatrioHUtioa and the Mavingexaminatiuna; by far theRraaiarnumbar take the purely-DepairtventaJ azaminationa, aad the optiona for the Utter largely datanniiia the optiona for Matriculation. Univejr- aity HMD. too, are beginning to aee that, while they "iboaaaaa tlia right to preaonbe the oonraea of atudy for Matrioulation, no Mtiafaotor^ aoheme can be daviaad wbioh ignorea the predominating influence of th* Primary and Leaving examination*. I pro- poae, therefore, to conaider in connection with the qneation of Matriculation, the whole aystem of rahttad azaminationa. Fust, then, aa to mil PBnKNT RBQtTIRBMIRTB OF TBI MATKtCUtA- . nOir AND JUNIOB LEATIKU BXAMlMATntKB. SL) l%e itamdard* are differttU ; that for the y Matrioulation being twenty-five per cent, on each paper and forty par cant of the total ; while that for the Junior Leaving ia thirty-three and one-third per oitnt. on each paper and fifty per oantref the total — a diatinotion wiui a oonaiderable diffsrenoe. The September Supplementala held by the Univaraitiea themaelvea, preaent a still lower standard for Matrioidation. The percentage ia nominally the lame, but it ia an open secret that the papers are easier and the examiners more aooommodating than in July. The following statistiak, which, I believe, are aabstantially corrqot, speak for themaelvea : At the azaminationa held la|it July -by the Pro- ▼inoial Board, 600 eandidatea preaented them- salvaa. Notwithstandihg t^e fact that only 170 passed,^ we have at preaent in the first years of the four chief universities about 333 students, of whom about 196 passed in July or presented pro tonto cartifioatea, 66 psssed a aupplamental, and 70 are non-matrioolanta, seven of the last, how- aver, having partially matrieulatad. Theae to- tala are made up aa follows: In the Provin- oial University, about 161 passed. the Jujiy ex- amination or preaented pro tanto certificatM, 24 passed the supplemental, and about 60 are non- uatrioulated. In Queen'fe Trinity and Victoria, 47 passed the July examlAtions or Presented pro kmto certificates, 41 passad a auppLemeptal, and SO have not, or have only partially, matriculiUwd. (S) Nol attthe mtbiteU praeribtd for the Junior MMMNjf mtd Matriwuaium iipaminaiion$ ore tdent- 4ga{, Mor (ir»aUtKi(jMi|Mra Ite wNMtttflMsmbMete ^mtmiUmtieul. English, History and 0< tics are obligatory at both ] bat» make the Matrioulation standiurd' vided by regulation thafi la papers for pass matriculation aithaf from those for the Junior Laaviag ' ■ball be supplemented bgr «|i adapted to the latter class of prescribed for the Matrienlani oBfar, ation, Chemiatr^, and Sight- Woik Hi atore are praacnbed for Junior hm^ only. The options are also Junior Leaving, Latin, Oiaak, and Physics ; and for tha French and Oerman, French and Ohemistty, and Oerman ,„Ghemistry. Let us now estimate THR BrFBora on tub cKiviiiMnas 4M|^ SCBOOLS, OF THI DlfraBHIOai r~ KXAUNATIOifS. nam, AS to TaMWtAMM*$£^ On the High Shoots, the lowMM^i^ culation Pass standard baa littla_diiM|^ number of matriculants is that for the examinations wholte odflll Educati^ Department;, the htttV domitiate' the schools ; and it k t» ' we owe the advanced condition o(^ .. tion ib this Proviqce. Bnt« oo .tiii'' themselves, the effsota of tha loir- been direct and degrading. (1) Mere elemetitar§ ^eork 1ta» i* now being dmte, in ike Vjn ' Mathematie*, Eiigliek and Modem!, Until 1890 the standard was bok.l cent, in each department. Ifo experience in examination woifc that, even with the preaent. and witjh equally diffieolt and July, a candidate may 'pjl per cent, on a paper and pr of the subject. In this conns testimony of High School years maintain^ that ., ouMlf # : oulating students are unfit feo work. I have besides the < the University Faenltiaa, wlKii' that their time is largaljr palkd to do mara a l ama nt a n r i fwralt is • taal lowwiag of lb* ■tanda^ «' \ .'■>< I «• liwr* Mm •vidtoc* ot th* fli Ika Univtnity of Joronto KllM Monrt (dfttad A|wil 13, \ MMMing of th« OhuHMllor, Ftmidmt. On pag* 61 JM ma D«|Mrtin«nta of Kngluk, I ud FMooh Mid OeniiM, m rtwo p«r onit. fkilcd in tha » I Uw nJMtod oftadidatM ob- Nf tWM^ p«r omt. iaatMd of , ifM and oDo-third por o«Dt. ^aii «stMiMijr unwUsfaotorjr con- yHi Baud attribntM to " the grow- H y ^ td t t hf oiuididatM and to a Wou and dinotion, ariains taaahiag ataff to oopa witE r Boaban of atudenta in the Poth of thflaa oauaaa aaay will agre« with me • iar more potent oauae of of tiie averaK* matrioa- ital praparation. The re<- ^^h% jmxtf increaM in the number l^iAlapnlMiMatala, and, what iaatill Ipll^.lHl weraaae in the number of The Senate and the iMweompelled by force of oir- '; Kit the oandidatea. .^»»**(in». « V <^ low Pau itaaidard and .Hotwr Mattdard, uttr Uni'ver- , ,. Ayw and Honot men'— are itot bgr the Htmor men them- ik ■«nber an found each year at rMa, Harrard, and European 't§ dafeeta in their education It, to the aame extent at leaat, ^pMvioolation were aa biiih aa ia v I pM dM ioa of the Secondary aya- |iw( of my contention, I may ^jJMgr ooUcaguea will bear me out MMPtal Profeaaional Examina- iaM J a r a n ta' oertilioatea, Univer- I Paa and Honor—are rejected IwSoient achdlarahip aa for want What our Ontario Univerii- Hooa poat-graduate couraea, I'mdaipraduate couraea. ,^ lat.Umveraity departmenta, ^UMmduatea are, I believe, tHti bat the minimum atand- Cfdvaooad in aooordanoe with I higher ednoatioaal intereata a, indeed, haa the Kin found, that the ilMtbaMi forced to raiae the i MttifioatM to aixty-aeven l.^Naonbad* > pooitkn civtea then ample j A MtUtirn opinion, mun- L«C Mto jMn in OntMiv* IKW^J jiiiiHanaaMiaMdMhriknMlMrigii c^aaitoMy ■owia, and tka aam p in i tkiB a thay aand ia akoi^ that, ao far aa oooeatna real -'n'-j-nl knowladga, thay ate in a atate of alauiat Oimmarian darknaaa. Owing to United opporMnitiaa, I cannot wy wheth- er or not there raallT haa been a decline in the oharaoUr of Olaaaioal aohofamhip. I can aay, how- OTer, that muft of the PMa men and too many of the Honor men, are not in poaaeaaion of that aocur- rato aoholarahip which ia naceaaary for thoroughly good work in the Olaaalcal departmenU of our High Sohoola. It a even poaaible that there ia a connec- tion between thia fact and thaamallneaa of the num- bera that now Uke Oreek. From t^e nature of the caae, however, I think it probabM that there Kom been a decline. Yeara 140^ CUaaaica waa the faahion- aUe atudy.v It waa then generally anppoaed, aa even now in aome localitiea, that no one could be a gentleman who waa not a Glaaaic, and, aa aoine will reinember, kt one time no pupil could attend a High School without taking Latin. Aa a coum- quence, Olaaaica received the lion'a ahare of attention and the Olaaaibal honor Uata were; larger than at preaant. Of late, however, there have ariaen new and powerful olaimanta on the teaohera' attention, and the amount of time now devoted to Olaaaica ia juat the amount that will inaure a Pass. The mod- ern ayatem of examination haa pervaded our aohoola with a buainaaa-likeapirit. Paaaingexaminationa haa become one of the exact aoiencea ; and when twenty- five Mr cent, in Olaaaica will auflice, not to apeak of the September aupplemtfiital, neither teacher nor pupil conaldera it to hia intereat to aecure more. The remedy, of eourae. ia to r^Mka at Matricula- tion thoae attainmenta which wimiiBure thoroi^ and aatiafaotor^y undeigraduaie work ; not, aa aome advocate, to give Olaauca a poaition it doea not de- aerve in our aoheme of Seoondaiy Education. The Ontario Ghuaioal Ranaacence ahould be a gradual one^ concurrent with the gprowth of our material and national proaperit^. It would only injure the de- partment to force it by any ayatem of protection upon thoae who have neither the leiiure nor the in- oynation to give it the attention it requirea. In my atrioturea ao far, I have had in view chieily the Univeraity of Toronto. We are hetter ac- (luainted with ita condition than we are with that of the other Univeraitiaa, and we have a better right to diacuaa it, aa it ia a Provincial inatitution. In view, however, of the fact ahown above, that of the matriculated atudenta in the firat yeara of Queen'a, Trinity, and Victoria, 47 per cent, entered through the eaaily revolving doora of a Septem- ber mipplemental,' I am putting the OMe fairly, I think, when I aaaert that my atrioturai'ii^ly with at IcHt equal force to the atandard attiraed by theae Univeraitiaa. RICONbLT, AS TO THB HCBJBCn. (1) Z%e mrettU differetux* between ihe mbjeett preacribed/or MatrietUatimi. and for the Junior Leaving KxaminatUm, interfere tnateriaUy ioUh th^ organizaiion of our Hif^ SehooU. Thaaa diff»r«ncaa render impoaaible in aone ,oaaa«, and dUBoolt in all, « proper ^eonomy of ado- aanowd fona. Ai| nlmoat oompleta onifloation bm Mm jbpr «iktri!^. of tha diflbiMift Higli Sebool and ^^. V. > i-'.i f / N r if- ^ •St. 1 ¥k'' i jM'i • gl Wkt^ M |Hi^.. !>•' «i ^HJ^T;^ 1 ^^H> ^ [■ * 'f • I' 4 .^''' M ' ^ tSf' ' » Im^ ^ ii FfS ' ' X 1 » 1 B"' 1 Rj)/ - It '* •mplctowalraluraJlliM Im MM Bqm4 «f liMriMM «n Bigh Sabool SuaiMMoM. .^„^.„ „ «» »« giBping 01 wMb half jmt tlM Prineipdr«rM pmtlu. •d by Um ooofliotiiig ekim of » down diArmi m- . MniiwtioM Mid th« oonatruolion of hia tini*-tkbl« WM ft n«TOT-feiliitff wutM of kroubl*. Now, how- •wr, whU* th« diffloultiM of orgaaintion will never whoUy diMpnear, mqut of thoM that remain, an far aa oonoema the examination tyatom, are diie ohiefly to th* atill -existing divergenoiea of the Matriculation and Junior Leaving Bxaminatinna. v'8)_rA«r»u iwt Oat Ml r.mrrtla(iun behotnt tht MatnetdatUm and the Unirtrtity eonrtrx, ivhieh it juri^Ud Ity tht prutHt eotiditum of tmr Uhh 8ehool$. ^ In the Univeraitv |wp6ft from which I have al- njady quoted, the following paaaage nocun on page " It is proper to observe that the present diffiQul- ^'fl^ J tJ*?^ 1"' '"rther teaching strength) is inten- siBed b> the fact that many MudenU Uke French and Cierman without any, or with but the slightest, previous knowledge of the aubjecu. These elemente should be acquired in the High Schools, and not in the Univenity. It is to be hoped that they may, in the course of the next few years, be taught um- veraally in the schools, it is suggested that provi- sion sbould be made by the University to check the qaiiwMnIi of (S) nu omMon ^ Awl' •minaHoH dimrimimalm i The fuUowing t»hh. the Bduoation Dm inoils in the dil •1: un. iwn TbUi. Phya n,ni t,ua MA ■.MS ^»>r Udi. These statistics shoir that, * marked increase in other ' ' little ' in the nnmber I •tatoment given on p, S8 at l|M»ii from which I have already hm Toronto University Umi« bw crease in the nnniber tf^iagr 132 taking it in 1880 andoi-. oontfltion of Greek is, I b«U«M| I praotioal tondenoies of th« i^ themtelvea felt all over tiM ^, oonaideratioo however, of tkff'l - ~; — - ,-': "i .""" ^"•""■••'jf w> vnecK tne tion in our High Spools wfll g praotioe of studenta taking up French and German ?.-been another Tnfluenoe at wock without nnxtf th^t. thav h,»n. .t_^J.. :_. j.-„.^> :i _!.- -^^j . . . ^I"" without proof that they have already acquired elementary knowledge of them. " Mnttul, mutiim du, this quotation, I may add, applies to Rcieuce also, for the teaching of which there is now latisfac * tory provision in the schoob of the Province. As to French and German : the High School t»- porta for 1891 show that French is now taught in all but four schools, and German in all but twenty- two. I know besides that all the staffs are com- petent to ta||h French, and about half of tlw twenty-two «r« competent to teaoh German. In £?* /*^ "•* ■ubjeot ha* been omitted by the » J fi"^' ""nply to reduce the number of his chuseiC And if not all were competent, experience ha* shown that the Hiffh Schools would respond to any reaaonable demand. The blame for the present state of affairs has for years been chargeable to the UniveraiUes, which have not constructed their Matriculation schemes in accordance with the oapa- bihtiea of the Secondary Schools and have shown the Matriculant a consideration which has proved injurious to the interests of Provincial education: '< w .^ !^ besides, another aspect of this queation. Wot^l the present options for MatriouUtion have ^ri, J° .•o'>"«l«««»t University courses. The Migh lichool programme embraces the departmenta of Olaasics, Mathematics. Science, and Modem Un- gnages, with History and Geography. The Matri- culation oourMs recognise all properly, except Hoienoe, for which we have now four separate op- tions : French and Chemistry, French and Phyaioi. Gorman and Ohemntry. and German and Physios. 1 ma provision for Saenoe is not in aoooidaaoe with any knovn educational prineiple. It ia simply tfie aolntion of a proUom inPermatationBaod OombbMi- **-^- In faek. tlw trkola aysten of iptioM te — -t lo mant «ii« «iew8 df Uia |niti|MMW upil who intonda to taka OmmIlI nd in a weU-orgatiiaad aolMalf tin, and than Greek aa aooiWl ;he initial diffioultiea of fUrnai. such a pupil is at the Prteaiw i - Latin for two yi^ars and at QM I to a year. If Greek wave mi^ «. Primary, as waa proposed laakfiii^i <^|se presoribod in it aa at dha^ would take i>: all wtml ing the ejuiier option. If.; course Were preaoribad in -favorite. be«MUisethe eaaiu. ^ ^ result, tnlid hardly point mMi^' to the gen«ral interaato of «' stand, Greek, flono, thmafa Primary option rand, aa th« ] has, jn almoat every oaaa, toj modem languagas, he coal kngusges, if possible ; thna ' of his classes and eoonomiaiaf;tpiiM^ (4) According to $mt^ th* f-^-'^^ ' Primary and Leaving Bxa% waintt Lati%i and favor Hfjid^S^ acienee. "'' .-'Avf So far as oonoema all Iha 1 the advantagea are, I beliav^ view of the requirementa of. Science ia the moat suitabia ^ who haa not a Uidverai^ <« view. Seienoe, again, ia ttMrL— pupib who badn kboir atdtfiil': m^m^^^ .^■r'-'fsip^p^-: ■litek* tiM rmntf l» f «nM U., UL and It. liWMMt* k»T« All %k» adrukU taSlkf oritMuniiMkioa option •JMk that • f^rg* proportion of I Mplb Imv* in viow m tMohar'a . liM UnivMBitv Matrioulation. I of tb* ninstoonrh oontary 0«nnMi and Soicnoa; but, I la o&at b7 tlM f aot that CJaivataitT Matrioulation and I aianunationa. ■iBad hf aooM tlMt tba preaoription > til awididataa at tha Junior Laav- ft onfair to Olaaaioa a of UflMr aduoational value, and I eaaily taui(ht in the then •Mdition of the High Hohoola. . a^ LaaTing examinationa ware profeaaional examinationa. Balance again prevailed; of the aohoola and of the it waa oonaidared unwiae to for Ohamialrjr. Under theae 1 ooifiae for the Univerai> I fully their Matriculation aoheine Moblifaton' on all oandidatea; Moaauon Department to male "m with Latin or Greek. [it ia ulao objeoted, that, whereaa of Examinationa equatea I of the different optiona. ni lUtlMlw hBTe not ihowD f Mm lonM doliif the work below Itoa. Id thirty-two echoolk (ten IIWiaHlr4i>o High Behoole), so Ur (April hafnaMa raw, th* pareentage In each I IMID. doliw the worflor UiaVrinur; of Ont.' Lrtia. Par Oaat Oiaek. Par Cent. Frendi. Par Cent. Oennan Per Cent. "1 41 aa • s» 101/6 It Mmv it* Ml «I mtmt IHiallf aot of aqaii ( tioatl valaa; tUl altlwt Imtim or Owak Mt< Qtaak, $' ba tarn U thpwing apniozigaxtaly tha .Hia aifc i io l i. Tha'iiMSRaaed peretnUga In- ^a H aa i 'a ^ a«a to the tut' that OKiat who jFaan who aatar Poem 11. In Thla la further *own hy tha ' laal Joly 1,7»S took 01, Oannaa. Tha do- I l^atat ol vlaw, M • lana oniBhar in a la akami tnai tha-het, that of tL aa« n.) ia wn, oaly »,ia took iiva teoyaanraoona. nrar fa aar !w _ ^^^ ^ tflmmrr I wM Wilatili that in paittealar— ia equal to buth fn or toaa iadaAnita number of tha g olaaaaa. ThU la a matter on whioh, owiaf to tho aonatmatioa of hnnuto nature, aqma of the proaaotar^ of the difr erent aubjeota hdid oppoaito and extrome vialWa. Without alaaaifying myaelf, I m«y atato my opinioa. It ia, I believe, far more diffifult to reach in Latin orOreek, and aaiiecially in Greek, that aUto of profleiennr in which the literary value of tha lan- guage ia fairly avaikble, than it ia to reach' the aame atate in either French or German. The educational, not to apeak of tha literary value of Latin and Greek, when properly taught and given ' the neoeaaaty time, b greater than tAat of French ind German; and. aaauming tha reoniaite mental maturity, it ia vaaier to become fairly varaed in a aoienoe than in a Jtngtiage, either ancient or mod- em. Cut for the onlinary High School entrant the Science option, whioh attaofaea leea importanca to mere memoriaatiori and more to correct ob^ aervation and induction, ia more difficult than a LangiUtfO one. The practical value, how- ever, of Frenc or German ia greater than that of either Latin or Greek. 8o, too, in the caae of a acienoe, the educational value of whioh, bo- aidea, ia at leaat aa great for the ordinary purpoaea of life, aa that of a language ; having due regard, of courae, to the fact that, aaauming proper rece^r (ivity, the aoienoe ia more readily acquired. It u usually not difficult to dotermine the relative valiaea of the aubjeota that oonatitute a department, for they are parte of an orgaaiaed whole; but the determination of the relative valuee of Olaaaicai Modema, and Science, ta a problem, incapable, I believe, of definite aolution. The partiea in- tereated cannot agree on the conditiona, and the conditiona themaelvee vary from year to year in accordance with the changing requirementa of our ever-proffreaaing oiviliaation. But the rela- tive vidue of we different departmonta ia not, I hold, a matter of prime importance, ao far at leaat aa our High Schoola are concerned. What one department lacka in purely peda^;ogicaI value it makea up in greater and more available practical uaef ulneaa; and, ao far aa the languagea are concern- . ed, the real differentiation ia more marked in the later than in the eiwlier atagea of their acquiaition. Moat modem and progreaaive Universitiea alio, aa, for inatanoe, London and Harvard, equate Greek, French, German, and aome Science, and even ao diffi- cult a language aa Arabic or Sanaorit. Thia courae, we have reaaon to believe, haa proved advantageoua to the Univeraitiea and to the general public. TBI PKAOTICABIUTT OP CMIFYIHa THK .MATRICUU.- TION AND THB JDMIO& LBAVINO BXAMUIATlOira. If I have ancoeeded in expreaaing the ob- jectiona to the preaent examination aoheme aa atrongly aa I feel them, it will, I think, beoonoeded ' that toe aubjeota for our Matriculation idid Junior Leaving Kxaminationa ahould, if poaaiUe, be Bnified» and that oertainly the Matrioulation pfnantagB ahould bo raiaed to that of tha Janior Leamc £i- —iwatfcm, wUah kak i^maiit tha oppor tinut ot EvV 11 ' t ;■:■¥- i i '■ ■■":/^i L -fi 4i 1^' v^ •> - m- llv I?*:-'- I tarn W • — Mwilif d MbJMto •fUmtif d jB wifc gMs lit* oUMto ol Umm wmm t— Hum. IIm abJMt ol i»«r Hifh Htboofe, or. m Umv Imv* bMo wad «Ukd, ** tb« pMpls'a OuII«(m." lii, by •telata, two fold : to pro«ido (or tho poopU % good gonorai odiMaUkNi of • botUr ohMwoter Uwn ema b«i obuiaad in iho Publio Bohoola, And to pro- iMTo pupila for UnWonity Ifatrioulatioa. Tho ob- joet of (tur univcnitMs U to provide that hiKhor oul- turo, which, unfortuiuktol/, miut alwan bo tho priTilK* of tho fow. Tho objoot of tho Unironitjr Mid, in onoMpooC, of tho High Behool, ia, thorofon, tho Mmo— to pro*ido o Uboral oduootion for our oitiaona, tho dillbronoo boing morol* ono of dogroo ; and, aa tho Matrioulation oia^ination ia but tho flrat atop in the Univordty oourao, tho poaaibilitv of the unlftoation of itaanl^joota with thoao'for the Leaving Biaminationa, doponda aimpljr upon thooapabilitiea ,of tho -High Sohoola and the roquiramonta of tho UnireraitiM. I now Bubmit, aa nty oontribution to thia im- portant iliaouaaion, the following aohomo for the unifioMOU of theao eian^inationa and the har- noniMitiod thorowitb of tho Primary— a aoheme whieh, aa I ahall try to ahow, meota the objeotiona to tho proaent ayatom aa fully aa they can be met in t)io proaent condition of our Secondary Uyatem. PbokmCd Schbmb or Hwu Schooi. Examima- nONH. (Senior Leavittg Jbeaminattott. HOMOK PAPBBfl. I. OUH^otory;— Englialb Hiatory and Geography, Mathematiaw|¥^ ,. II. OftioMMBi) Latin and Oraek ; (b) French and GermauWiiv^Chomiatry, Phytioa, Zoology and Botany. Jnntor Leavittg Bxttfninatuin. I. ONMotory:— Eiuiliah (3), Hiatory and Geo- graphy (3), Blathomarica (3), Phyaiaa (2). II. Op^M— (a)Utin(3), Greek (2), and French or GermaD (2); («; Latin (3), French (2), and Ger- man (8); (e) Latin (3), Ohemiatry (1), French or German (S); (d) Ohemiatry (1), Botany (2), and Zoology (1). • Of toe alMve optiona, anr one might be takenior a teacher'^ non-profeaaional oortifioato, and (a), (b) and (e), for Paaa Matriculation. , Primary Eieannination. <■ 1. OUt^afory:— Bngliah (2X Hiatory f2). Geo- graphy ^), Mathematica (2); Reading, Drawing, and the Commeroial Oourae. II. (^tion»:—*(a) Latin (2) and Groek (l), (b) Latini (2) and French (1); (e) Latin (2) and German (1); (d) Phvaioa (2>, and Botanv (1). The number in parenthesia after a aubjeet above indicatea tEe namtter of yeara of the oourae therein. In the oaaeof Sotenoo it ia aaauqaed that the pupil takin up the aubjoct with greater mental matunty than in the caao of a language : not ao much time ia, ther^ie, neoeaaaty. •Hum wriUif thit puw I hava tlioii(M tt Blight N foaad amwbhta mU imaMktt Titmair optfoa— fwadi »a< Ctoniia ft tk* Mk* at 1»um who da BOt wMi to taka Latin. »Hh ■BlIiaeaM. ol mum. aalt ih* Jaalsr Uavtaa aod lika ika ■laior Uaviac r L Tko eouiM of aMty to i proaont with tho (dlowiac mat (1) Tho oouw in geol o gy ^i pootively of any loal book, aal | diaMotod and atudiad to bo i (2) Thooouraoainl and Artlkhmetie to bo qoailtod ia tho Junior Leaving CsaadMllo«|l in thoeo aubjoota at the l*ri— H dilHoult aa they are at tho JwiMj tiona r and theao' anbjoeta to bo IV. and at the Senior LaavfaM IM (3) The eiaminationa ia Latfel, , and Gorman proeo aathora to ba ~ tho pootioal authora, when dooaM preacribed. (4) A larger amount of Snglialt praacrihed— whole worka in ovo^ at each examination one aot ol i an intimate acquaintance wouM ka.;) another (and the larger portlaa) general acquaintance woiud be themea in oompoaition being i the preaoribed authora. Thia ia •cription of authora, nut of i School Reader, for the Prinuuty : (6) Aa now witli Readin|, WiM^ i Bducaiion in the High School oo of two leaaona a week in Soieneo for each division of Form 1. ; and Botany when flowera aia buoka not being uaed ; thoia no Departmental oiaminatioB la except in the caae of thoao who t^mJI Science option and whoao aiiawlai ttkmfjl jeota would begin in Form it > II. The papera and standard t»T tion to be the aamo aa thoao for tha < Examination, the atandard boiaf fllia4|| raarka for each paper and half af fl#,; marka obtainable. III. Supplemontidlifatrioalatioe] be abolithed. .BXPLANATIOM AND DBmiCni OW 1 A brief explanation of aoma paM^ ' will not be out of plaoe. PIRHT, AH TO THB 06II The achome,.! believe, oonal(|tai»;;, preaent conditions of the permit, the High School The Senior Leaving Examiaatioai of all the Blake aoholarahips bat taagi Claaaipo, and Modema aad SollMNNi^i^ groupa cannot be preacribod for il^ Thia defect ia doe to tho faot fkat^ for First Claaa teaohoiB, tha dude the Honor oouraoa ia and Hiatoiy and (Soogr^ihy. tiona to the propooo4 > preaent aa ezaminatioa of the average eaadidata iiA- : Sohod. Tho Juaiot Lpaviag ' the optioaa (a), (ft), aad (^' ",ar " , ..{aio.j |i;«kn Ml ;«4 MMlriMhuitt tharalora, nay mImi AMirw, Ml br M th« HUh it, h*it>f l|« MitMn th« Mara aiMcUl praiwratiuu n with k knowlwlK* <>' •* laaftiaM mmI of th«t Mieiio* ,„^ioa (7 tb« other Mianaaa aii'l I Bifk SehiiuU *ra now o<>inp«tent to /«•(*, buth Franoh and 0«r- m"*" obligatory ; but th« oon SohooU would not juatify thia Hot »ll, aa I h«v« ahown. are __j both Franoh' and Oernian ; and t09 propoMd would, with on* Mod- mJku a Urgar damand on tho l^fltik than tha aohama which now iU l^nitrmraitiab rafuas to do alc- M ia Bnf|«t«d in the rnivuraitv Mf«nr«l to, tha High Hchuola will llvfa to tha changed circuinitAiicM. »«BtkMl (<0 f"' bolh the Honior and llvraaKsMninationa ia necuaaary in the ■ PMbUo School teacher and of the ^ UmoI pupil, who haa neither thit W Mtiw^"^" to ^« "P properly au ^■MMs li^uage. I for Mm Primary curreapond to thoae ..J IfiKviiig Bxamlnation, and I think I I Jm tbUming that tha acheme aa a whole |4§$ wttHWi for tha differant examina- wUl, no doubt, aea that it ■^<'- il tlM pNMOt dimrimination against Ijal il OB Ml aqu»l footing with tha '^^^^la iIm High School programme. viaMimpoftant still, besides It rational k ttprartdaa a aystam of examinations ^ BJaptiJl to tha r«i|uirements and the ^fUdi Bohool pupil who haa in view ■■-"■'''• oartificata noir a University , indaad, whoaa claims should Bt in aojr aoheme of aeoondary iBMOpoaad by soma in the intereats of lllidftM, to maka Latin or Franoh or r at tba Primary or at least at the .jMaination. This proposal could ,baaatartained. Not all candi- ...jMcy an aMa to attend a High I iiwparo for this examination at the "t: aad, oonwquantly, an option •Hi« School oouraa is indispensable. ^ fT_ Ilia other, and still graver objec- r fapHa for whom the Primairy is the ' ■Mioum of a language presented l^to pnotically nor so educationally teaad Botany when taught as thev (ia OMMfc of tha High Sohopla. If, ^• ttodam language, or Latin aitd a 1 4V«t« luada oHblup^tory at the Junior illott, wa ahonia , have an undeair^ i^Hth tha oiganiiation of our High ' "Hdatea who had taken science 1 attenipt to aoqnire the langu- or a year. I naad not, I am _ Um Talna of a language so uvth^ too. It tha advanead aga of mum- 1» AtHaaxI hMtmcBJoBa [paatad. Obiaeti tiABltailB ■T-tlwhUlB >bi«etions hava baaa takas to Zoolugy, aoma to tha uxt book, and others biuia aabjaet itaalf . to tha batiate. As to the omiseion of English Orammar and Arithmetic: Our schools are so organised that no matriculant could enter a Univewity without a fair acquaintance *ith both of theae subjecU. 1 do not undervalue an accurate knowledge of tha logical struotura of our language or of the prinoiplaa of numbera, or the mental (raining given by either ; btit, I do maintain ttjat tljey n«iw receive an unneceaaary amount of attention. I . object to philological discuaaions beyond tho capacity of High Hchool pupils and to mere memorization of unim- ■ portant (acta, and 1 object juat as strongly to the theory 'that, to bo a good arithmetician, a boT or a ?:irl ahoukl have solved in school, aveiy concelvabla orm of problem. After a course in Forms 1. and 11, the pupil who reaches Form IV. will attack the higher priAblema in language and numbera with more zest, greater mental capacity, and a wider range of cognate knowledge. The , omiasion of theae subjecta will Also allow of mora thoronith work in tho othera and -will lighten the labor of school organization. In ediicalional matten Ontario is a law unto itself ; but it will not be amiss to remember that there is no other ctnintry in the wide- world in which so much time is given as we give, to English Orammar and Arithmetic. The limitation to sight work, of the examination in Latin, Greek, French, and (Jerman pjfpee, while poetical authon may bo preacribed, naeas no justifi- cation. It is as far, I think, as we should go in thia direction kt present, Such a course would reduoe the curse of cram and would do more than anything else to make langoage study what it may be, ahd what, in moaLcaaea, it certainly is not now, a powerful instrument of Jntetleotual training. Aa to the English Utentura : The obiect of a High School oooiae is,4toke it, to form hi popUa good Uterary taate and the habit Df intalligant and ippraeiativa raadii^. Thia habiC oaa ba aoqntrad JSfy hf tha niaota afewj^ of • «oapataliT«l]r 'i& "'"'^'ifl , '■ "■'■'M ■'■' l':\ ':i< ■ >I^H Sf:' •iB h. i '''iA^Md f .> /J^H ^'**Jli9 ¥ '../^ABI fe"' '\\'^ ''.'* U-i :.V • ■■<'■ >'- . « 1 ■■*** .. M t,f ,•>' pv »^s Bb.';x. H^. ''iSfSK^ ^nTf- '/'''i^^H Hr' 'i^^H ^B* P ''"^^B mf- S| Hz' ^'4- ' '*^B K-i' .;-f3l Hr ' ' 'li^l ^^Kr*.' •> .a Inf^'*'' :^ * /• «••: »i— y m — liiL .^_ Mid it wuald b* anvlw, aol i> pHt inu> iiKttkMi Im 8«p*MalM •ap«n«U« niMbliMry of || 8oin« in»iiiUln, Mid I Uiiak it ia uifjuat to put ImmIi (wr « of • ilight failur* • yuung mi tha •v•^^(• oMididat*, or to Mi«il> diditU who hM ftilMl • UUI« h 4 d«p»rtin«nU ; knd th»t, lu eaaaa, n •upplain«nt«l ia ii thia r«Muna|||« ubjactioo. th« haa only tdHo what tha MdmmUm] doM at tlia Entrano* BuMinMioa r.tl I all auoli •xtaiiualing crireunwlM tion whan paaaing judfManfc' mp lt«(tor paaa a oaodidata at tiM Jvfy ag hia aK«> and hia K*»«ml aUnding JMiT' than put him and tha i'uivanity to I the expaiiaa of a aaound iiaminatitwi of knowladga ha oan oram updntta|(itel3 of August i( worth littla aa a pnnMipily voraity work, whila tha oiaiuiiOMMI W M IMll*«MnW«tll I laiaMMjr MOM miIIm a«kNra I tlM M*l of ihm tMialiM Hmm it doaa on aehool ptagramma* or aia w l — ti o w papara But raatly MtWaatory raaulu omi ba aaaurad only by as- tMidad familiarity with nor baat authon. It ta, I b»li«*a, gmiarally f«lt that for tha propar eultiira- tlon nf taata, tha amount ro|>oaed above, whioh ia but a ra- produotioii of tha vary adniirabU aVstam now adoptad in the department of Bngliah LitMstura in the I'roviQoial Univaraity. The wiurao proptiaed for tha Primary woa^, I am aure, prove defective were no I'hyaioa and llotany taken by all jmpila, no matter what their optiona might be. For the purptwrf of genaral education, my auggiMtion ia a proper one ; and it has already been adopted in aome of our beat acluMils. j _, It would alao aeoure for the pupil one year'a ^liahiM a pUuaihlo pretext for I atudy of Hoienoe in Form I. and would allow Bot- to thoae who think apparently Ihakli Uiy to be, what in the nature of the subject it inHuenoa» of a Univeraity itipMid ^ ahould be, the tirat auience^ taken in the scIwmiI pro- numbers it ba* on ita roll thMi on lk«( gramme. the work done by its faouliiaa. Tha ganaral scheme I submit for your considera- tion ignores the queation of the relative values of the differeat departments. The examiner will sim- ply aMumo on tha part of the pupil such know- ledge of the subject aa may be fairly expected after a ooursa of the prescribed length of time. Thu matter of organisation may be safely left to the judgment of the High Sohoql Principal. HBCOMDLY, AH TO THK BTANUARD. I ti^e the position that the preaent oaiiabilities of our High Schools and IhtT evila of a low July^ percentage for matriouUtion neceasitate the higher^ percentage propoaed. These "evils are intensi- fied by the existence of 8up))lementals which have no justilioation, I maintain, either in reason or in\ ; exiMdieney. The bad effects on the Universities are made still Wors^ by the vicious system of, in s«ime cases, an apparently unlimited adifaiMion of non-matrioulatedstudents. The Hiiih School master who guavdf the door of hia schoof with the High School Entrance examiiution needs no mentor on this subject. A scarcity of students, as every one knows, does not justify the prewnt laxity of admis- iion into our Uiuversities. - Nor can it be justified on aby educational ground. As to tha Supplemental : Tho«e who defend its maintenance, apparently auume that the candi- date who pasaoa in B')me of the snbjeota in July and in the reat in September is as well pre- pared as the candidate who in July passes in all the subjects at oiice ; that, aaauiqing the papers to be as difficult, there is no real lowering of the stan- dard in September. This is on a par with the argu- nwnt that the man who oan lift tiTc^-hundredweight at onoe ia not stronger than the man who can Tift them only one Iff one, 17 supptemantals were 'maintained^ the vzaniners thereat shoold, of oooiMl^ b* tb auM m tboa* at the Ji^y azamina- Uefore I close, let -me examina bcilAfI « is an exotic ; it u baaed, I be- i of the function of a Oan- ■>*■;'< •diaa VBifwal^, Md k apt ia ifapMhy trttk «ke treiMlolsMiliBtMi^ttMABeridaaaoatfaMnk In Uie last eeatory, ak fii well known, t&e gnat Ing- Uah Cnivwfiitioa wisra, and to a great extent an stiU, primarUy, plaeea lor spaodiag three or foar pleaaantyeara, only inddantally plaeea of batroe- tion. I^th lato br8akfaBtBf>lM§png, tennis, foot- ball, and Tariona other amasements and social en- gagemcntSi the poll-man (the prototype, in some ways, of our unfortonate pass-man) baa little time for study, and unless he is much belied, he feds the want of it just as little. He acts in accordance with the theory, probably shared by hia pannts, that he entered the University in order to enjoy himself and form useful social connections.* f do not undervalue the educative influenoe of Univer- sity life, and above all. of perKinal intercourse with a faculty, each member of which has an enthusiasm for learning and a lofty ideal of a professorfs duties ; but we have not vet an esUbfished plutocracy, much less an established aiistooracy. It will be time enough, I trutt, to deal with this question when it has pleased Providence to afflict us with these blessings. In the meantime, let us work out the solution of our educational problems in the lipirit and with the aimH of a democratic people. '8eeiBij6e'« " Tho AmeriMii CommonwMlUi," Put VI„ Ch«p° 01. Thew three MntonoM we adMwirnMiitlilaeiMptor. •I? Est Z. t- ■ *; •i. -. '. -> • * , J 1^-*,;^^ *.%: i^fr' , .1 '<* ' StSy.'Tl^**^^^ !.<-'*' ** -^ '^\ »'.]^ i: V -<., 5^^. n3ift *• ' >■♦' • T,i / ">a ■vi'-. >i-«rA kLTJS rilJ 'Is ?#%« ^V i 'J'. i,v- 'jgjMitsr.-*!* ^4i AMilf . t^' 4.1i>-* V ^•, ;>'*>t ;?^tjT^g ff*-- *< • *^ y; '/ ' ,* » s t>-..V'.>v. / •fe 1 ^-S^i -i." y .j^' , 1(^ il :^' ■■v^: j53Su:%<^- ■>.. . t-t&iiJfertii sjS'SxJul ^fi^'SW^W;^ ^^ift.l>> ;.--»S^:ii-*; iib^i ;*-4^.v';