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Wherein arc expofed ^^ The many falfe Aflertions of the AuAor or Authors, of the faid Pamphlet, with a View to render the Qt^ers of Penf^hania and their Government obnoxious to the British Parliament and Minidtry % AND THE Several Tranfadions, moil grofly miiirepre- ^ fented therein, fet in their true light ■•■^ LONDON: ^ Printed for S. Bladon, in Paiir'n^. v.v ' i^'lo<|v;o Ota nL^MiiiW • ' .. . »■■ «" ■• ■ *-' 1^ 1 '.'-. to .»■,-!■.• ? ■ . > • 4 ft 'i ' ■ :> A N i' \ ■ >' r ■ \ ANSWER to, ^c. I !ci I \. 1 v;: *.•.. ;,.♦ ■•^ : WH£N pcrfons in pcmcr and ofEcc have given offence to the people over whom they are fct, by attempts to dellroy their privileges or other rights, and find them on the point of addrefling the Crown againll their unwarrantable proceedings •, their ufuai method is to endeavour to get the (lart of thf m, and publilh fome falfe (late of the cafe, calculated to juftif/ themfelves, and malign their opponents, in order to prejudice the Government, as well as the Pub- , lic,againft them, only till fuch time as the injured people have tnade their cafe known. In which they propofe no farther to obtain their ends, than , to take fome little revenge for their dilappoint- ment, by vilifying the authors of it for a feafon. This is in reality the cafe with the author, or rather authors^ of a malicious pamphlet lately pub- liHied here, and induftrioudy propagated by the friends and cfpoufers of the party, in favour of whom the brief ftate of Penfylvania was written. For thofc gentlemen, finding they were not able to carry the point which they aimed at, and that the alTcmbly, by their meflage to the Governor, of B ^he CO the 26th of Dec. laft, ♦ " had come to a ferolution ** to addrefs the Crown, in fupport of their civil " rights am! liberties," which they efteemed to be grfaity infringed by the Governor's rcfufing to ac- cept any of the fums offered by them for the King's fervice, though tendered in rhe manner and form which had always been ufed in the pro- vince ; they refolved to be before hand with them, and publifh the prcfent pamphlet, full of invec- tives, falfities, and unjuft reflexions, againft the affcnibly and their condti6t. The perfon f who wrote the letter is very well known to be a Smith, a proper tool enough for the club who employed him : but not to enter farther into his chara^^er (which is {q black, that wer** MWf to difplay i; in its proper colours, it woulci be f(if- ficient to difcredit his work) we fliall beginV with- out farther detaining the reader, and refute his ap fertions ; either from our own perlonal knowledge of matters, or from the tranfadtions themfclvcs, which pafl: between the Governor and thej>flembly, particurarly in December and January laft, printed in the Penfyhania and New Tork Gazette. , hzz^i ; The title page has more the appearance of a pufF, compofed of feveral falfehoods, to fet oflf the pamphlet to which it ia prefixed, than any thing elfe : for in what part of it is the true cauftof the continual encroachments of the French dtfplay*d? where is the fecret deftgn of their late invafiofiy and fettiement on the river Ohio, fet forth ? ftrong ex- prelTions to raife the cxpedations of the Public, without any thing of a,; performance . like vfrhat is promifed. However, we may chance to fupply * See the Penfyhania GazettQ, for the 31(1 of Dec. 1754. •f- In a letter written on this occafion it is (pelled par/on, perhaps by miftake, as n-par/cn and a fmifh (tern to have no real t^onne^ioD, whatever 'ihdy may in a metaphoncal fenfe. ;, / a their i ply 54- f 3] their dcfc£ls, and fet forth the affair in i tfirc dnd' clear, not, as the letter does, in a falfe and obfcurc light. ' Of the fame nature with the fbrmer are the words following, to which are annexed. An eafy plan for re- fioring quiet in the public meafures of that province^ and defeating the ambitions views of the French in time to come. ' ^ V*^" One would imagine that his plan was calculated to defeat the defignsof theFr^«f^,not only .againft this province of Penjyhanidy but all the other Englifh provinces in/fj^mf^ 5 and fo doubtlefs theauthor.or authors, would have it undcrftood : whereas their fcheme is altogether particular, and confifts folely in obtaining^ the ends which they have in view ; namely, to ftrip the Quakers of their rights and privileges, and (bbmit them to the arbitrary will of their governors. Let us now fee whether what is farther declared in the title be true, namely, if the conduSf of the ajjemblies ^j/Penfylvania is impa:'' tia^ examined. The \^riter of the pamphlet begins with a very fallacious cjueftion, as if put by his friend, fp^hy toe tvho are efteemed one of the richcfi colonies in A- merica, are the mofi backward in contributing to the deferice of the ^rm(h dominions in thefe parts ? ' Penfylvama unhappily, like the reft of the colo- nies, is divided into two parties, one for the true intereft of the province, the other againft ir. The letter writer would not be thought to be of the lat- ter, but as he ftates the queftion, he makes him- felf of it, why are we the mofi backward ? and this will appear to be the truth of the cafe ; altho* by we he doubtlefs means the oppnfite party, or thofe of the aflembly ; in which he advances a great fal- fity : for the aflembly of Penfyhania have always been as forward to contribute, upon any emergency, B 2 as Ul ts any of the other colonics. As a proof, in the prelent cafe, in their roelTage to Governor Morris^ of December 12, 1754. they declare, •* As we ac- *' count it our duty to do every thing in our pow- ** er to comply with his Majcfty's royal orders, ** or that may concribute to the welfare of the '' people we reprefent, we have chearfully and al- *' moft unanimoufly refolved to grant 20,000 /. " for the King's ufc/* This they did in the ufu- al manner as they have heretofore done } but the Governor has refufed it, on thofe terms, for rea- fons the author is unwilling to aflign. — The two greateft privileges under the conftitution of that government are, the right which the alTembly have to adjourn themfelve?, and meet on their own ad- journments, and the application of all publick mo- ney ; or, which is the fame, a right of knowing in what manner it is applied. The advantages of thefe two privileges, and how nece0ary they are to the well-being of the colony* appefu-s from the confuQon and difcontents which fome neighbour- ing provinces, at certain times, have laboured un- der for want of them. The alTemblies have been harrafled by their governors with tedious lengths of fitting : and it has been known, that when large fams have been demanded, under a pretence of ap- plying it to the ufe of the public^ the Governor, as foon as the money was raifed, has put it all in his own pocket, without applying aqy , of.it, tptbi^ Ipfvicc for which it was demanded. ^^ rr-rr ,n? ccially as there was, at the fame time, fcirce 500 /. in the trcafury. This dcmon- ftrates that the aflcmbly are neither backward, nor fparing, in their Contributions for the King's fer- vice 5 and as a farther Jnconteftible proof likewifc, that they are not againft the defence of their coun- try by military methods, as the letter writer fo of- ten falfely aflerts ; they, not only in their frequent meffliges to the Governor, declare their readincfs to provide for the defence of the colony, but, be- fore they adjourned themfclvcs on the 3d of Janu- ary iaft, they ordered ♦ ** 5000 /. to be borrowed ** on credit of the Houfe, to be laid out for pur- *' chaHng frefh viftuals, and fuch other neceflaries *' as they fliould think expedient, for the ufe of " the King's troops at their arrival." Pu'rfuant to the inftrudions fcnt from hence by the Secretaries of State.^*^^ 5'^ilOnr.»IlA. 'Jij A fii:>i./ to "»ii< -v ]iv; ••.^.; The Governor, and his men, as they are called in Penfylvania^ who have been watching all oppor- tunities to compafs their defign u^ on the affembly, imagined that the prefcnt encroachment*; of the French gsivt them a fair occafion of efFeding it, and therefore, hcfolv'd to lay hold ofit.They thought by this means either to decoy them out of their right of knowing how the public money is dlfpofed of, or elfe to force it out of their hands. They apply for money to defend the colony : the aflfembly rcadilyjeomply upon terms confident with their 'Oi! !l.^ i. f See Pcfi/jh. Gaz. 14 >». 1755. B3 right* 1: I'oif J [6] , . rights and powers. No ; that won't do, fay the party \ wc have you now in a cloven ftick :_ you fliall cither give up your privileges, or be expofed to the ravages of the French » for you (hall nei- ther defend yourlclyes, jior be affifted by any pro- vince elfe, on any other terms. The circumltan- ces of this affair, 1 think, clearly evince that t^i^ is the real ftatc of the cafe. The Letter-writer, p. 4. fays, " We arc now in *• an alarming fituation i but we have broughc '* the evil upon ourfclves." He might have gone farther, and faid, '* And we are refolvcd *' to augment it, unlefs theaflembly comply with *' our expectations.'* Although he owns, that his party have brought thi evil on themfelves, which is true enough ; yet his modedy, poor gentleman ! will not permit him to let the world know in what manner they brought it on them* felves and the whole province. Well, to lavo him his biuflies, I will venture to difdofe thefe- cret for him. The prefent encroachments of the French had its rife from a flagrant piece of iniqui- ty, in burning the houfes ot a great number of families, who were fettled on the Juniatia^ a branch ol Safquehanna river ; whofe lands were not at the time purchafed of the Indians by the pro-p prietor, whatever intentions he might havq h^ that way. ,■ , This unjuflifiable proceeding, in the year 1750 or 51, drove near threefcore families over to the French^ then in the neighbourhood of the Qhio^ where they have continued ever fince ; big with refentment and revenge for fuch cruel ufage, which fhocked thofe people whom we call favar ges : a name which more properly belongs to fuch mercilefs incendiaries, fome of whom have me^ . "- with [7] with the puniHimenc on other occafions, which they had before deicrved on chat (ore. This moft inhuman a<^ion, which is cried up as a noeritorious exploit by the party, W4S com- mitted by the Secretary, and other Magi Urates fubjed to his directions, as appears from his own letter to the Governor, by way of journal of his proceedings ; which on his return in triumph from that glorious expedition, was printed at Philadel- phia, This was a copy from Governor B—g's new way of eje^ment (as it is called in the colonies) in North Carolina^ which perhaps exceeded the original itfelf. Is it to be wondered if fuch men as thefe give up the provmcc to the French, foon- er than depart from their unwarrantable purfuits. We fhall pafsover what our author fays on the flourifhing condition of Penfylvania^ and his wife refledtions on the nature of popular governments, as well as fly infinuations applied to the Qua- kers, that a conftitution, although extremely pro- per at firft for preferving liberty and encouraging induftry, may at length, on the alterations o\ cir- cumftances, prove prejudicial to both: thole things we leave for politicians to confider. Before we proceed to other fafts, however, it may be pro- per to take notice of what he lays, in the page before cited, with rcfpe(5t to the trade of Penfyl- vania, " That from the port of Philadelphia *' (only) at lead 400 fail of vellels clear out an- " nually." This article requires fome kind of elucidation, which our author, not fo much thro* hafte, as unwillingnefs to enter into particulars, has omitted ; for that might have led him to re- veal certain fecrets which carry no very favourable afpedV, anddeclarc,for inftancf. howmany ofthofe vcffels go annually with provifions to the French and Spaniards in ihe IVeft- Indies^ and how many B 4 con- 31 in- contrails and factors were kept there all the hdt war? Likewise how (ix or eight particular perfons of the Governors party claimed an exdufivc right t(' that trade? and why, if any body clfe attempD* cd the fame, their veflcls were fure to be feized ? '^ '^^Thc Letter- writer having inveighed againft the power which the Affertibly have of managing the public money, as a thing attended with very per- nicious confequences *, his next defign is to make it be thought, that this power is a kind of ufur<« pation, by reprcfenting ic as having been obtained in feme coilufive and unwarrantable manner. This is evidently his meaning, p. 9. where, af*. ter telling us, that the heirs of the old pro- prietor, after his dtath in 1723, being at law among themfelves about the government and foil^ «* Sir fVilUam Keitby who was then Governor, *' falling into the bands of the aflfembiy, paffed a •^ law, giving them the fole difpofal of all pub^ ** lie money, in manifcft contempt of all the in- *' ftru6lions of the proprietary family.*' - fr-^^c" This paragraph would infinuate to the world, that Sir IViltiam Keiib, without the proprietor's diredion or knowledge, for a fum of money given him by the aflembly for that purpofe, paffed the a£l he mentions. This is a very charitable re- fleftion on Sir William Keitb and the then affem- bly ; but the faft was thus : at the death of Mr. William Penn^ the old proprietor, as the writer calls him, the province of Penfyhania was not in that rich and flouriHiing condition which it is in at prcfenr, or has been for fome years paft } on the contrary, it was involved in great difficuliies, and even reduced to a low ebb, being charged with a heavy mortgage : in order therefore to extricate the proprietors, his heirs, and difchargo |he province from that niortgage which was then threatened lo r in d [9l threatened to hz foreclofcd ; the Quakers,^ rcfpefted thcfr dlB proprietor, as he was one of their pcrfuafion, and to prevent the government falling into other hands, unanimoufly joined to raife the fums neceflary for that end, which could not be done without palTing the a^ in queftion : and had it not been for the Quakers exerting themfelves upon that emergency, the foil and go- vernment of that province, in all likelihood, mufl have been alienated. But this explanation of thQ matter the oppoHte party are on this occafion willing to forget, though they have been the greats eft benefiters by it. The grievance is, that by this a£t, the Gover- nor, and other provincial officers, cannot have as exorbitant falaries as they might demand ■, and moft of them, it is well known, are never faiis- fied ; efpecially when they happen to be fuch as go over to retrieve a broken fortune, which has been too often the cafe, boih in this and other colonies. v • , : ,.,,. .^ r 'The complaint is expreflfcd in the next para- graph, where the writer fays, " The aflembly ♦* aim at rendering all fucceeding governors de- pendent on them , for that now they annual- ly cither vote or withhold the lalaries of the Governor and all fuch officers, according as they are or are not the creatures of the alTem- bly.** It is true, that whatever fums the aflembly \ ote for the Governor, is a benevolence, and what he has no right to demand : but he may expeft a gratuity according to his behaviour ; and if by his conduft it appears, that ' : has the public in- tcrefl in view, more than h>s own private, never fails of having a good one. Ample provifion Jikewife is otherwile made for him, and the reft of «c c« C( «c ♦« II ;: [ lO] oF the officers of government What propor- tion does the officers in the appointment of the affembly, enumerated by the author of the letter, bear to thofe in the appointment of the Governor? I will anfwer : not more than ten does to ten thoufand. What /s the authority, profit, and honour of the chief juftices and other judges of the fupreme court ? the judges and magi Urates of all the counties and courts in the province ? the prothonotaries, attorney-general, rangers, i^c. ? Let the balance be ftruck between the officers in the nomination of both parties, and fee which will preponderate. . ^ v v ; ,- ' , hr t- ^ .k^..^ w-At ., The writer next exclaims, p. lo. «« That the ** aflembly being poffefled or fuch unredrained «* powers and privileges, feem quite intoxicated, <« are factious, contentious, and difregard the ** proprietors and their Governors." This is tq be underftood, becaufethey will not diveft them- fdves of thofe powers and privileges, which they have purchafed in great part by their wealth, and furrender them up to their proprietors and their deputies, to be treated by them at difcretion. He adds, " Nay, they feem even to claim a kind •* of independency of their mother-country, de- *' fpifing the orders of the Grown, and refufing to contribute their quota^ either to the general defence of America, or that of their own parti- cular province." • c^ . . Te latter part of this nivedive is a repetition of the falfe allegation, refuted before, whereby it appears that the charge may be juitly turned upon thofe of his party ; who when the affembly would have willingly and largely contributed for the general defence, hindered them from giving, by refufing to accept their offers, but on conditi- ons injurious to their rights. As for the reft, thj2 Qiiakers «c cc quakers to a man throughout the province, are iq far from clashing an independency of their mother country, or defpifing the orders of the Crown, that they and every inhabitant in the province, fave ihe party, would be glad to fee the government reaflumed and in the immediate pof- feflion and appointment of the crown. To confirm what he had advanced, with rcl^ peift to the aflemblies refufing to contribute to ihe general defence of the colonies ; he charges them with " oppofing Governour Thomas in raifmg *' foldiers to fend againft the Spaniards in the *' JVefi Indies, and an abfolute refufal to contri- ** buce a farthing for that fcrvice.'* In anfwer to this glaring inftance, as it is termed by the letter writer, it mufl: be obferved firft, mat the Crown had made a provifion for defraying the expence in railing men for that expedif'on, which rendered the afTiftance of the affembly in that cafe needlefs. Secondly, tliere was no op* pofuion given by the aflembly to Governour Thomas or any body elfe in raifing foldiers for that fervice, where the men inlifted were free and proper to go upon that duty. The controverfy was about the taking indented fervants and ap- prentices, which mufl be condemned as illegal : but fuch tyranical influence was ufed by the Go- vernour's partly at thai lime, that the diftreffed were obliged to fend to New Tork, loo miles diflant, for lawyers to fet forth their privilege of exemption. Becaufe the writer does not think a fingle in- flance, tho' fuch a glaring one, fufficient to prove his charge, he endeavours to muftcr up a great number of inf^ances, by telling us " that fince ** that time, during the whole courfe of the late *' war, they have often been calkd upon by the Crown, i [ .2 ] «' Crown, and by Governour Shirley oF the *' Maflachufcts, for the expedition againd Cape « Breton ^c** Why this f/ cetera? Why ftop fhort at this inilance ? perhaps he could not Hnd that there was any other occafion during the war, for their being called upon. However they were called upon often it feems, and fo it matters not in his opinion, whether it was upon feveral oc- calions or only upon one. It nnight be fuppofed alfo from the manner of introducing the charge that they never anfwered to any of rhofe cal5, efpccially that for Cape Breton which he men- tions. But here we are baulked a fecond time, for in^ flead of faying they did not anfwer to any of the calls, or contribute towards the war, he in cflfeft acknowledges that they did anfwer to them all ; but would have their compliance thought no bet- ter than a rcfufal, by depreciating the manner of doing it. " To all which (fays he; if they have •' at any time contributed, it has been done, in- ** direftly. and' in a manner (hameful to that «* rich province j fo grudgingly and in fuch fmall *' fums, as rather lo hurt than ferve the common •« caufe." Methinks the writer feems much put to his fbifts how to make out a charge upon this head, and comes but lamely off in pretending that their contributions rather did hurt than good. He might be a{kcd whether they did more hurt than good on occafion of the Canada expedi- tion, fet on foot juft before the conclufion of the Jaft peace, when they voted 5000 pounds for the raifing, arming and maintaining a number of companies to go on that fcrvice, which was three times the number furnished by Virginia. But this and other tranfadtions in favour of the Qiiakers, perhaps [ i3l perhaps flipt his memory *, which with perfons of his lying turn is commonly ihorc ; or clfe he thought himfelf not obliged to mention any mat- ter which was not for his purpofe. 'Tis true their money on this occaQon did no gcod to the public, but rather kurt to themfelves, as the ex- pedition perhaps was never defigned to be put in execution ; or if it was did not proceed, being knocked in the head by the enfuing peace, jxi U4» Now methinks their contributing fo largely and freely to this expedition, might have atoned with this writer, for their Teeming backwardnefs to advance a fum towards that of Cape Breton : but there was good reafon for their different be- haviour : the Canada expedition was a promifing one, and afforded a very rational profped: of fuc- cefs ; whereas the latter was looked on in jime- rica as a piece of Don ^ixotifm^ and it is iaid was carried in the afTembly of New England by no more than one voce. This might well juftify their not contributing at firfl more than mod of the other provinces j tho' after it was over they did contribute. .:v,ni iiur o, r .. • -^ .'im* Governour Shirley in a fpeech, obfcrved *' that fcarce fuch an indance is to be found in <^ hiftory \* and a certain colonel in the expedi- tion expreffed himfelf thus. " li i\it French hzd not given up Lmjhurg^ we might have en- deavoured to ilorm it with the fame fuccefs, as the devils might have ftormed Heaven. If any one circumliance, fays Dr. Douglafs of Bofion, had taken a wrong turn on our fide, or any one clrcumllance had not taken a wrong turn on the French fide, the expedition mud have mifcarried >yith (hame to our forces and the people of New England from genera- tion to generation, would have curled the ad- vifers cc cc tit « cc cc cc cc cc C( 7] fecure the entrance of the river againft an cne- nvf, {^) Philadelphia lies r50 mrlcft from the fca, and the river is of very difficult naV.gaiiof^, efptcially for veflcis of 2 or 300 tons v bcfides (o large that the whole armada of Spain might have run i*}) and returned again, u.'Tmolefted, pro vided they afcended no farther than the pKri'arecr did : for, what but a naval force could hurt them in any o}:)en bay, near 20 miles wide? < ' '< • So chat in cffccfl this is the part of the Wholfc province, with relpc6l to which leaft danger is to be apprehended. If he had brought an inftance of an invafion by land, it might have been fome- thing to the purpofe ; and, indeed, not many years ago there did happen a very terrible one in the weftern borders of the province, on the Ju- viatta branch of Sufquebanna river, where the let- tiements of above 60 poor families were deftroytd by fire^ and themfelvcs reduced to the utmoft di*- llrefs. This was not only ?i glaring but ?i flagrant inftance ; however, one of this kind would not have ferved his turn : for the conflagration was not the a<5l of an enemy, but of the governor or his party •, an a£t not lefs illegal, and infinitely more deteftable than that of the lottery. I fay again I would not be underftood as if I cxcufed the neglcdfc of fortifications, or thought them neediefs : on the conrrary I am of opinion, that they are very neceflfary for fccurity of die co- lonies ; and that forrs ought to be built all along their coafts, as well as borders, in the places molt expofed to the invafion of an enemy, either by fea or land. And altho' a Tingle privateer in fucK a river as this might find mm h difficulty as well as run much hazard in landing-, yet in cafe a dcfperate crew of fellows fliould Iand,and venture up into the c>.^untry, they might do vcrv confiderablc damage ,. • -. , C ' ■ • to the inhibliants ; a fort therefore in the narrow- ing of the river would be very convenient. It would likewise be proper on iuch alarms for the people to fhcw a proper zeal for defence of their country, and fpiric againtt the invaders : But the aHociation, which the author tells us was formed on this occafion was a vain odentatious piece of parade, fct on foot by the few to intimidate the people, and awe them at the cnfuing cledion to chufe them. Bcfides,the proprietors themfelves,'tis faid, when informed of ir, thought it a very un- warrantable procedure. What more need be faid to juftify the behaviour of the: Quakers, who con- fidered it in no better a light than the proprietors ? But it is the bufincfs of the letter- writer to condemn the Quakers in every thing, and to mif- rcprefent the fads well known in America^ in or- der (o blacken them here : Of which we are come to give the reader an inftance, or to ufe his phrafe a glaring inftance, from the fame page. There he tells the public, " that the proprietors of Pen- ♦* fyhan'ta five years ago propofcd to the aflfem- " biy, that if they would give money forbuild- *' ing a ftrong houfc on the Okto^ they would •* contribute any realbnable proportion to the building and fupport of it : but this propofal, continues the author, was rejeded with Icorn, merely, perhaps, becaufe it came from the pro- prietors : nor was it (o much as thought wor- thy of a place in their minutes. Ah ho' it is clear, concludes he, that if it had been compli- " ed with, the French had not been fortified in ** the fame river as they now are." This charge with regard to the Obto^ which, if as the writer has reprefented it, would have af- forded matter itfclf for a pamphlet, in the hands of a parfon or parfons, who knows fo well how to /J improve C( (( (C cc [ «9] improve (he moft diftant hint, is thrown by him into a note, as an article which required no far- ther notice j altho* if the encroachments of the French on the Oi»/ht to rejcdt the propofal ; and they did not rejed it, as the letter writer would infinuate, merely becaufe it came from the proprietors. It likewife appears, that if they did not regiftcr the propollil of the proprietors, they gave a place in their minutes to fignify that the propofal was an impofition on them *, therefore their refufai was not the caufe of the French being now fortified on the OKo. On the contrary it is evident that their invafion is more likely to be ow- ing to the attempt of his party to impofe upon the aficmbly, and build a fort on that river, without the confent of the Indians ; and this is demonftra- ble from the event. For the Virginians ^ by pur- fuing the fame unfair and precipitate fcheme, loft both the country, and the afFc<5lions of the Indians^ who went over to the French on that occafion, if they did not in reality call them in. If therefore the French have invaded the pro- vince of I^enfylvanla, and built three forts, as he fays, within the limits of it, who are to blame, but liis party and the Virginians ? TheFrench hive been brought down upon the province by thofe who broached and purfued the projeft •, not by the Quakers, who rejedled it when they found it an C 3 urjuft [ 22 ] unjuft, fraudulent, and dangerous undertaking, as it turns out to be. For the lame reafon therefore, the Quakers may have fome realon to exped, that fince the Virginians have brought an enemy upon their backs, the Virgivians ought to be at the whole ex- pence of driving them off again. If the juft mea- ibres which the alTembly of Penfyhania took, had been obfcrved in their filler colony, none of the ; refcnt calamity could have happened to them: and it feems very hard that they Ihould be at the expence of repelling the danger which their neigh- bours have brought upon them. This might have cxcufed them in good neafure if they had been a lictlc backward to contribute on thisoccafion : But this Oi.^mtltfs writer has the confidence, not only to ch.rge them with the crime whic.i his own par- ty was guiltv of-, but alfo with refufing I j grant moi>ey to: their defence, although they adualiy did grant it, and the fame party would not accept ir, without they alfo gave up their privileges. Thus hey are not content with bringing the ene- my upon their province, but at the fame time would adl the enemy within, by ftrippihg them of their other rights. The writer fays indeed, that the other enemy alfo is in ihe province: if fo, the poor Quakers have gotten two enemies within their borders, one a foreign, the other an inreftine enemy ; which laft perhaps they are in mod danger from. But if a body IhouM deny that the French have erefted three cr any fort within their limits ; I apprehend the letter wriLtr, ami his conlVituents wouki be hard put to it to prove what they affcrt, as they have neither had any aftronomicalobiervationsmade to aiirertain the place, or places, ro which the weftern bounds of PenJl^'-cania may extend ; nor have yet even as [ 23 ] even fo much as run a line, with a view to deter* mine the matter. Methinks the proprietors ought long ago to have hac* the lands granted cliem accu- rately furvcy'd,and their limits, both as to latitude and longitude, precifcly determined •, for nothing el(e can do it uncxccptionably. However the writer, to make the charge appear the heavier, ventures to declare what he cannot pofflbly know ; and that in contradiction to whac he does know, namely, that the Virginians claim the country of the Ohh^ where the French have encroached, as belonging to their province, and that their invallon is, in Great Britain^ called an invafion of the ter- ritories of Virginia. He does fo, in effedt, himfcif, p. 13 and 18. After all, fuppofing the French forts were with- in the limits of the province, or rather on this fide of a line drawn 5 degrees weft of Delaware ri\^er ^ I would afl< whac rigiit have the proprietors to the Jands on which thole forts are ficuated ? have they bought diem of the Indians ? for nothing elfe can gir;; them a right to them, even though they were actually within Penfyhama-, and if they have not bought them, may not the negleft be confidered as an abufeof royal bounty? Had that been done, and proper encouragement given, thofe lands might have been fettled before now ; and confe- quenily might have been fecure againft the at- tempts of an enemy. For then they might have built forts, without giving offence to the Indians^ who, in cafe of an invafion from the French^ would rtadily have afiifled to repeil them. But this opportunity is now loft, perhaps, beyond a re- medy ; for fhould the French be driven out again, the Indians fcem determined not to fell them any more J as from the infincere proceeding of the Eitg- /^' of other colonies, they are become fufpicious C 4 of ■ ':){ r 24 ] of their having a ckfign to fcize their countries by torcr. Befidcs, fhould they be inclined to Ml them any more lantis, they would doubtlefs hold them up at fuch a rate, that the propriecors would not care to purchafc : for they have Icjrned how ex- travagantly dear the proprietors fdlthe land which they bought of them for trifles j and therefore feem refolved no longer to part with them, for what, as they phrafe it, will run through their guts hefore th^ get home, ^ ; , The rule which prevailed inPenfyhama, inftead of making a confiderable purchafe at qnce, and on the frontiers, in order to fortify the province, was to buy a fmall traft at a time ; and after the pro- prietor and his ofiicers had culled them in order to jobb, and parcel out at an extravagant rate, then the reft was fold occafionally by the proprietor's officers, to the higheft bidder, for his fole benefit and advantage. The lands fo bought were to be fettled before the proprietors would purchafe any more. Nor was it poflible, under fuch reftridlions, to fettle the colony fo faft as otherwife it might have been ; for there is a pofitive law in force which prohibits every perfon to purchafe from the Indians: the preference by fuch law being given to the proprietor, of whom every individual is ob- liged to purchafe, as that law is conftrued by the officers of the proprietors, and courts of juftice of their own conftitution. Was it not for that obftacle, the greater part of Penjylvania, and particularly the weftern part of ir, would have been fettled long ago, and a frontier formed too ftrong for the French to force. What is very extraordinary with regard to the proprietary purchafcs, although they wtre made for his own private benefit, yet they were chiefly paid for by ' ' the [ '5 ] the afTcmbly, out of the public money ; a thing which they have long complained of, and reluc- tantly complyM with. Upon the whole, I think it may be a proper queftion to afk the author, or authors, of the let- ter, why ought not the propriet6r to contribute to the defence of the province as well as the afTem- bly ? fince they claim the right and profit of the lands within it, and have little lels than (hrec fourths of the whole i^ -heir palTcflion, ought they not, in that cafe, as (landing in place of the Crown, to defend them and his people i or at lead con- tribute to their defence ? but although he draws fo many thoufands a year out of the province, it does not appear that he ever contributed any thing either to the defence of the colonics, or even that of his own, excepting the old guns. If he iiad, his party would have proclaimed it, with a noife as loud as th^C which all his 1 2 pieces of cannon CQuld make. ^ . . . • To proceed. He fays, " It may juftly be prefumed that, as foon as war is declared, the French will take poflcflion of the whole pro- vince •, fince they may really b^ faid to have ftronger footing in it than we.'* He muft here be fuppofed to fpeak of the fuperior footing of the external enemy, the Frencby to that of the internal enemy, his own party •, for he could hardly be lo ridiculous as to mean that the French^ with their three forts (fuppofing them to be fuuatcd within the borders of Penfylvania) had a ftronger footing in the province than the inhabitants, who are ac- tually pofTcfifed of the body of it, to the amount, as he confeflcs before, of 220,000. However that be, he is comforted to think *' that i\\q Virginians " have taken the alarm, and called on them for ^' afliilance.'* He is all of a ludden n.conrilcd, it fecnis, cc II [46 ] fcems, with his brethren of yirginia^ and ready to aflift them -, although they noc only helped to bring on the the danger he fpeaks of, but not long be- fore gave his party as terrible an alarm as the French have done, nay a much greater one in all probability. For the French may be faid to have deprived them of little more land than their forts are built on, and their cannon can command ; but the Virginians^ b'^fore their coming, had furrepti- tioufly deprived them of a great deal more, as they conceived, from che eredion of the Ohio company. And although this writer flifles the matter, he ve- ry well knows that to revenge the injury, thofe of his party gave the firft intimation to the Indians of that grant, and inflamed them againft the Virgini' ens i whom, on that account, they ftiled falfe bre- thren, and branded with the mofl opprobrious names. ' ' ' 'j ' ♦ We are now come to the writer's two queftions; The firft of which is, '* Why are our aflemblies againft defending a country in which their own fortunes and cftates lie, if it is really in dan- ger r Before the writer put this queftion, he ought to have proved thaf the aflemhius are againft defend- ing their country. But he himfclf hath ftiewn that they are not againft defending it, by acknowledg- ing that they have ofFcred to advance money, not only for defence of their own province, but alfo for that of other provinces. Nay his fecond quef- tion is a contradi6lion of the firft, as it confefles that they have offered money forth'' King's ufc, but the Governor and his party will not accept of it. Therefore the only proper qucftion fhould have been. Why will he not accept of the money ? which is the fecond queftion. , But ct tc <( But before we proceed to it, we fhall expmine the wife rcafons hcaiTigns why iJcrfons at a diftance r.iiglit imagine ihe Quakers arc indifferent whe- ther or not the French (hall make themfclves mat- ters of Penfilvania. His firft reafon is the continued refufal of the aflfcmblies to defend the province : which is no more than the queftion reduced to an aflertion, which we have already proved to be a falfchood out of his own moiuh. And as, by his own con- fefllon, they have offered to advance money to defend the province ; it follows, in effect, from his own confeflion, that they are not indifferent whether or not the French ihall make themfclves mafters of Penfylvania. On the orher hand, as he l.kcwife acknowledges that the Governor and his party would not accept of the money fo offer- ed by [hem i it follows, from the fame way of rea- fon ing, that the Governor and his party are in- different whether the French fliail make ihem- felves mafters of it. If the queflion was put, who are mod againft defending the province, they who offer to advance money for that purpofe, or thcfy who refufe to accept ol it, would not every body fay the latter? > / < Methinks this fjggeftion, that the Quakers are againft defending their own country, comes with a very bad grace from perfons, who at the fame time find ihem fo tenacious of their rights. If they are fo unwilling to give up their privileges to thofe of his party, is it to be imagined that they would readily furrender both thofe and their country alfo to the French ? Nothty don't intend to part with either, they would willingly defend both : but becaufe they will defend one, his party will not permit them to defend the other. - ;-: .The [ 28 ] The Quakers are fcnfible that the province is in danger from the French^ as appears from their nieflagcs to the Governor in the Penfyhania Gazette: but they are fatisBed that it is not in fo great danger as the party would make them believe •, for which end to terrify them into a compliance, they have raifed many falle reports : but that of the 6000 men bting landed one day at ^ebek without (hips, and tranfporicd the next to the Ohio without be- ing feen or heard by any body, has quite ruined their credit, and proved them no conjuiers. His fecond reafon is the extraordinary indul- gence and privileges granted to Papifts in this government •, privileges, faith he, plainly repug- nant to all our political intereds, confidered as a Proteftant colony, bordering on the French. The fadt is fo far true, that the Papifts have an equal privilege with thofe of other religions. But what he would fuggeft on. the occafion is falfe, as if the prefent generality of Qiiakers, inhabiting Penjylvania, had out of their great love and affection for Papifts, granted them thofe ex- traordinary indulgences and privileges j whereas it was done by the father of the prefent proprie- tors, who therefore muft be afFcded by this ftigma, if it be one, and not the affemblies, who have pafled no toleration adl in favour of Papifts, It may be proper therefore to clear up this point. The original charter or grant from King Charles lid. to fFHliam Pen elq-, bearing date the 14th March 1681, gives to the proprietor a pow- er to make by-laws. In conlequence of fuch power, the 28th of 05iober 1701, he granted a charter to the inhabitants, wherein is included the following claufe;, viz. " I do hereby grant " and declare that no perfon or pcrfons inhabiting *' in this province or territories, who ftiall con- <« fe.'s [ 29 ] fcfs and acknowledge one Almgbty GoJy Sec, (hall be in any cafe molefted or prejudiced in his or their perfon or crtate, becaufe of his or their confcientious perfuarion or pradti- ccs, ^c.'* In the firll place, the public fees that the prc- fcnt body of Quakers have done nothing in this cafe of ihcir own voluntary motion ; and if they have ftriftly conformed to the tenor of the char- ter in allowing the liberty which is granted by it, methinks it is a very great article in their favour, as it (hews that they have not abufed their power ; and this is a ftrong reafonjfor believing that they, will not abufe it, and an inftance of moderation, as well as fidelity to the truft repofed in them, which cannot be produced by moft of the neigh- bouring colonies -, who have perfecuted their fel- Jow Proteftants, and even put fome Quakers to death for obeying the dilates of confciencc. How far the father of this colony was in the right for granting fuch an extenfive liberty of confcience to all religions wiihout diflindlion or reftriftion, I will not pofitively fay •, but I dare venture to affirm that he did it from no bad mo- tive. He doubtlefs confidered thofe evil do«5lrines in the Romifh church, which are inconfiflcnt with humanity and fubverfive o*" the rights and liberties of mankind, as no parts of religion, or matters of confcience ; any more than roi^bery or murder, which fall under the cognizance of the civil magiftrate, with whom fuch pleas would not be admitted. It may be likewife conficiered than every religion contains doftrines which more or lefs tend to the prejudice or deftrudion of all other religions ; and therefore thought, if he ex- cepted one religion, he muft injullicd except more : aldio* it muft be confciTed that Popi^y exceeds by r 30 3 l!' I by many degrees all other religions now on earth inthofe principles, which Teem not intttled to to- leration. But as 1 am a zealous advocate for li- berty, and think it cannot be fupported but on general principles, 1 (hould be for excluding no people from liberty of confcience or their civil rights, who fhould formally difclaim and re- nounce all fuch tenets as feemed inconfiftent with ihe fafety of government or good of fociety ; which for that purpofe fliould be picked out of their fcvcral fyftems and made a tcft^. After having fuggefted agiinft the alTfrnbly that they afted in favour of Papifts, he fubjolns a kind of draw-back to (hew his great modera- tion in favour of rhe generality of Quakers. " Altho* this, faith he, might be infmuated, •' yet from obfervation I have reafon to believe, " that moft of the Quakers with'Hit doors are *' really againft defence from confcience and their •* religious tenets ; but for thofe within doors, I *' cannot but afcribe their condud rather to inte- " reft than confcience.'* This writer imagines that his feemingly cha- ritable opinion for the many would make his fug- geftions have the mere credit and weight with the reader againft the few. But he did not confider what a blunder his hypocrify has led him into ; for can it without an abfurdity be prcfumed, that the confcientious many^ without doors, would make choife of the few^ who have no confcience, to rcprefent them within ? Be that as it will, Go- vernour Morris himfelf has in dirc6"t terms de- clared himfelf of a contrary opinion in his mef- fage to the affembly cf the i8th of December, [fee Penfyl. Gaz. the 26th of December] w-here he fays, " tie is convinced they adl ft cm upright '* motives, and what they cftecm to be the true ** inttrcft [3> 1 o ke to rO- he jht rue •eft cc (( «' intereft of the province.'* Need I a(k the public which of the two they will believe, the governoiir or the letter writer ? who, it appears from this fingle inftjnce, defcrves no credit in any thing which he affirms or fuggcfts. The writer next undertakes to enter into the views of the aflembly in not complying with the defigns of his party : " Our aflembly appreherid, ** lays he, thit as foon as they agree to give fuffi- *' cient fums for the regular defence of the coun- try, it would ftrike at the root of all their power as Quakers, by making a militia-law needful.'* If they do fo apprehend, they ap- prehend righdy ; Such a law, efpecially fuch a one as the party aim at, would certainly produce the effeds which he mentions ; and be the direft means of enflaving and depopulating the country. The importation of Germans and other foreigners, fo much exclaimed againft by this writer and his principals, has been the chief means of bringing the province of Penfylvania into that flourifhing condition, which it now enjoys ; the greateft if not the fole motive for thtir preferring that colony to all others on the continent for fettling in, was the privileges now complained of, the principal of which with them is that of their affirmation beirjg admitted inftead of an oath. If the inha- bitants were deprived of thefe privileges, its flourifhing days would be at an en:! ; few of thofc foreigners would pafs over to fettle there : and numbers of thofe who are there now would re- move to other countries. The Quakers them- felves would be forced to abandon thtir pofici- fions ; for the party's view in obtaining fuch a law would be to make it the inftrument of rl^ir re- u ill i 1 1 J. - I 32] vengf, and oblige them to fcrve pcrfonally in wars. If a militia law was to be cflablifhed in Pen- fylvaata unit Is it was •■ lanaged bcicer than ic is in other jTovinccs, this colony had better be with- out it. In niort of the others there is fcarceany miliiia, and what there is of fuch is of very little or no fcrvice. 1 hey are drawn out by their officers when they wane to make a Hiow and dif- piay their addrefs in military diverfions : but the men get little by it but lofs of time and a habit of idienefs and drinkiner, fo that thefe reviews or cxercifes do more hurt to induftry, than fer- vice to the public fecurity. As every American is a good marklman, has a gun, and other arms, 'tis thought by many that they will fight better if left as they are without that fort of training ; and all would be ready enough to defend their property. But why are the Quakers blamed for not hav- ing a militia law r* did they ever refufe to pafs one ? does the Governour expedl that the aflem- bly will of their own accord propofe a bill of that kind ? why dots not he get the attorney general to draw one up in a proper manner fuirable to I he principles of the people whom they arc to ap- ply to, and fee if the afiembly will not accept ot it? We come now to the fecond queftion of the letter writer. ** Why have not the feveral fums *' been accepted, which they have offl^rcd for the *' King's ufe." Here it is acknowledged, as be- fore obferved, that the Qiiakers have otiered feve- ral fums for the King's fervice : but it fcems thefe never could be accepted ; becauie while they hive ** the afoiefaid apprehenfions from a militia-law, *'• it mud be repugnant to their interclt ever to *' offer «i <( ofTer money for this purpofe, unlcTs in fuch a manner as thiy know to be inconfillcnt with the duty of a govcrnour to pals their bill into a law.'' Now fuppofing they did know it to be inconfill- ent with the Governour's duty, by his inftrudtions, to pais their bill into a law after the manner they would have it pafs ; that can be no rcafon why they ought to oflfcr it in a manner agreeable to the Governour, in cafe that manner which would be agreeable to him, be as prejudicial to their /ighis (he allows it would be fo to their intcreft) as the manner which th.y have offered it in is re- pugnant to his inftruftions. They plead a right by charter from the Crown, to certain privileges relating to the manner of raifing as well as dif- pofing of the public money •, a^.id the Govcrnour will not pafs any of their money bills unlds they give up that right. Here is a contcft of inftruc- rions, (and which appear to be only thofeof the proprietors) againft charter right. Which ought to give way? furely the inltru6lion?, otherwife what wiM become of private property ? who would be fecure in his poffchions if a landlord could at his will and pleafure break the covenants which he makes with his tenants ? what in that cafe would deeds or leafes fignify ? But if a land- lord cannot at pleafure make void his own con- trad:, how Ihould his inftru«5lions to his fteward or deputy operate againft that of the crown ? muft it not be the higheft prefumption to attempt it ? will not the King fupport his own charter, and punifli any perfon who fliould offer to invade or controll it? befides a proprietor ought to be the more cautious how he proceeds in fuch a cafr, and confider that on the fame principle by which D he ^ '1 • i.!- ri t 34 ] he would ftrlp his tenants of their right, he him- fclf might be (tripe of his own. Be that as it will, mcthinlcs he would run a great hazard of being lliipt of it, if it appeared that fums offered for fbe Kmg*s feriice can never be accepted of by his deputy governors, unlcfs their own ends are fervc'd. The writer comes now, p. i8, to give an ac- count of what had pifTf'd between the governour and the afTembly for the laft two or three years, relating to their ofl'cr of money for the King's fervice on one fulc, and the reafon for not ac- cepting it on the other •, and it is certain that a full and impartial ftate of this tranfa«5lion was the moft proper way of laying the condufl of both parties before the public, and enabling them to form a judgment who were in the right and who in the wrong : but fuch a (late of the cafe would not ferve the writer's purpofe, which is to blacken, and even criminate the Quakers ; and therefore he hath thought fit to ftate it neither fully nor fairly. However we fliall endeavour to fupply fbme of his wilful imperfedions, as well as corredl fome of his wilful miftakes, from more credible and authentic evidence than his own. In the fame page he tells us that " Mr. Ha- ** miltony on receiv-ng an account that the French ** had driven the Vir^:tmans from their fort, again ** called the alTembly and conjured them to obey «* his Majefty's orders. He at the fame time Jet " them know thataltho' his inftrudlions reftrained ** him from pafTing any paper money at all with- *' out a fufpending claufe, yet in the prefenc *« prefTing emergency he would rifle ir, provi- *' ded they would vote handfomely and fink it *' within the time prefcribed, by a6l of parlia- " ment ed h- nc vi- ic la- Knc C( cc [35] •* mcnt in the cafe of New England : then and •* not till then, continues the writer, they voted *• 10,000/. for his Majclly's iil'e, rcdeetnablc by •* the cxcife in twelve years, for which tunc the ** bills were to be funk annually in equal propor- •• tions." The reafons afligned for the Governour's not pafTing this bill, are ( i ) that it would be givini^ the Governnncnt out of his hands and rendering h)m- felf and fucceflfors unneccflary in the adminillra- ration for 1 2 years. (2) That as the excife would amount in that time to 45,000/. it would flill more increafj their own power and enable them to abridge the Go- vernor's by putting 35,000/. (thcfurplus when the io,ooo/. was paid) into their hands. *' For thefc reafons fays the letter, and confiderifior alfo that the money was to continue 7 years longer than " the a6t of parliament allows, the Governouc *' refufed his affent ; upon which they adjourned : ** altho' continues the write;, they knew very " well before they propofed the bill that he could '* not give his aflcnt, without incurring his ma- *' jefty*s higheft difpleafure." Here in the clofe great ftrefs is laid on this cir- cumftance, as if the Governour's chief motive for refufing his alTent was the danger of incurring the King's difpleafure •, but, from the mariner of re- lating this paffage, that appears to have been the lead of his concern : for the true motives were ihofe which affedled tl\e Governour himfelf, as contained in the two firH: reafons : That of the money continuing 7 years longer than the ad of parliament allows, is only brought-in in the laft place, and as it were by-ihe-by, as a matter of lefs moment, with a cortftderin^ alfo, D I To [ 36 I To render our anfwer to this objc£lion more intelligible to the reader, I muft previoufly obfcrvc certain matters antecedent to this tranfadlion. The province of Penfylvania (landing in need of a paper currency to fupply the want of real money, to circulate in the province *, the aflfem- bly in the year 1739 applied to their Go vernour Colonel Tbofjtas, at prefent governour of the Leward tflands, to pafs a bill for eftablifhing a fund of 80,000 /. in paper money for the conve- n'mcy of the inhabitants of the province in car- rying or. their trade and bufirt^rs among them- felves. While this bill lay before him, in order to enforce an a<5fc of the 6th of Qiieen y^««, for re- gulating the coins in the plantations of Americay the lordsjuftices of England fent him an inilrudi- • on, requiring him or the commander in chief /.ift ; and to refufe delivering them up to his party, is to be unquiet. In 11 <*!■ y rcfufing to receive the [1100.7 which they ftflci* for the King's fervice, and putting the province in danger of being taken out of their hands by th(^ French — provided the Governtiient here does not interpofe in lime. If ihe Governor h;id been im- powered with the dilpofai of the money, he would have done more than was incumbent en hin-«, or perhaps would have b^ers p-r-rmitted him : he would not only have prevented the French en- croachments on the Ohio^ but would alio huvft hindrcd their building Crown Point forr, although in another Governor's province. But as the af- fcmbly will not give up to him the dilpotul of the money, he will neither defend his own province bimfelf, nor fuffcr the aflcmbly to defend ir. What Ihould the Governor care if the French do take it, fince they will not let him have his will ? why fhould he have any care for the colon v, if they will not give him the difpofal of the cafh? what is the colony to him without that? Some indeed think, that if the Governor iri- • tended to a6l honeltl) , he would readily accept of ' the Turn voted b^ the affembly for the King's ufe, and not be afraid to render an account whenever called upon : but they fay they can have no good opinion of a Governor's defigns-, >^ho unjuRly at- tempts to wrcffc out of ihe hands of the people, a power which he knowj they have a legal as well ^s natural right to. *' But here it may be juftly sOced, by what ** means the Quakers, who are lb fmall a p'^rt of *' the inhabitants, and whofc meafures are fo un- ** popul.ir (fuppofing them to be fuch as this wri- " ter repreients ihem) get continually chofcn into *' the alfemblies of Penjylv.ima ?" It is cafy to fee chat this would be a confidcrable (lumbin^-block to the readers of the letter, and a grand •w^ grftnd objeV"hen€vcT they want to call in ihffe foreigners to their aid^ they do ij ^ means of this prinier : by means of this primer^ they reprefent all regular cler- gymen as fpies and tools of fiat e : whenever they know efany fuch minifier in goodtermj with hispeo- pte^ they immediately attack his charoMcr^ hy means cf this printer i and to be fure his bufinefs is done at once, for a Tingle man has no chance to (land againft fuch a printer as this dominus fac totum^ who commands fo many thoiifands, and obliges them to do whatever fervice he pitafes to fend them on. Who would imagine that printers, and German printers too, (hould become fo formidable in yf/;;- tain or the man ot \yar fell in with one of their velTcls, in the bay of Deliaware, freighted from t\\^ Spanijh IVeft- Indies? that he feized her and fent her to Virginia to be condemned ? and that thofe people arretted the captain on his arrival at Philadelphia from his cruize, for the damage they pretended to have received from fuch capture ? or could he forget the proceedings v/hich followecl thereupon ? Thas, that his condudl niay be of a piece thro* the whole, as he begins with a fa 1 (hood, fo he continues his rout and ends with a fallhood. If there be any thing of truth in his letter, to be fire it muft be in thofe placfs where he fpeaks in pniife of the proprietors and the Governors, -whom he takes his leave of by averring, *' it may be faid, with the greatcft jutlice, that they have done every thif^g in their power to aflill: us (that is his party) )ix\d keep up to an Englijhcon/litution \*' that is, by endeavouring to deilroy that of the Quakers, He tjpncludes, " whatever be the conftquence, ail! our misfor- •* tunes can b^t charged no where.; but upon our ** people themfeives •/* the Governot's men : I '* iigree with him, and I have fhewn, con- '* tinues he, that it would be plainly repug- ** nant to their incercll to remedy grievances.'' I (( 4C (C w [80] I agree with him in this point alfo. How truth will flip out often unawares?— Ke adds in vthe Jaft place, " all redrcfs thcrc^i>rc •* muft, if it comes, comefrcn hisMajeftyand ** the Britilh parliament.** In this particular, the Quakers, both here and in Penfylvaniay are of opinion with the letter writer ; nor is there any thing which they more ardently wifli, as hath been already obferved, than that their gracious King would take them under his own protec- tion. fk: FINIS. \% ERRATA. P. 5. I. 5. for 700 read 7000. P, i^. L 4. for wree read were.