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The metaphors employed in Holy Scripture to describe the progress of Christianity on the earth, represent it as advancing fi-om great obscurity (at the outset), to ultimate visibility and conspicuousness. In one place it is Leaven, unseen for a time, but in due season making itself manifest b}' its upheaving, transforming, and purifying effects throujihout the mass into which it was inserted. In another it is minute unnoticeable Seed, cast into the ground, and becoming a great Tree, stretching itself out to such an extent that nations might find shelter under the shadow of its branches. And then, it is a Building, whose general form and design, to the uninitiated, are not at first perceptible ; whose foundations are laid down over large and irretjular spaces in great obscurity, stone by stone, slowly and silently, b} humble unnoticed labourers — until at length it shews it- self above the surface, and orows and rises — and assumes shape and proportion, revealing itself at last in all its dimen- sions, even as a City set upon a hill, with walls and towers, and innumerable roofs, for the security, protection, and comfort of n\en. The history of the Divine Founder of Christianity shadowed forth the history of Christianity itself. He was, to human eyes, a root out of dry ground, without form or comeliness to attract especial attention, passing through his earthly life without observation on the part of the great living world of the time ; and yet He was proved in the issue to be One in possession of a Kingdom higher than that of all the kings of the earth, and entitled to a Name which is above every name that is named. And the history of His appointed agents on the earth — tho^e whom He commissioned to go forward with the work which He begun in person — has been very similar to that of Himself. They were, in the judgment of men, weak obscure instruments, most unlikely to work out the results which they neverthe- less did work out : many of them, nay the majority of them, labouring during their lives in such complete obscurity, that history has not preserved with cert.-iinty the scenes of their respective labours. The acts of only two or three of the Twelve, have with infallibility been recorded, all of whose names with equal honour nevertheless are eternally inscribed on the foundation-stones of the city of God. Interesting, however, as the subject must be to thought- ful intellifrent men at all times, it is not my ])urpose, on the present occasion, to trace at large the progress of this grand spiritual Building — this all comprehending polity — which Christianity has set up ranon-.-it men, and is every day extending, and to which is due the existing civilization of Christendom. I purpose confining myself to a subdivi- sion of the greater subject ; and to ofter a few observations on a particular trait in the Civilization of England, whose history, having been, on the whole, shaped and coloured by Christianity as understood in successive ages, has partaken of a character, as it seems to me, analogous to that of Christianity itself. The subject of my observations will be the undemon- strativeness of our civilization — notwithstandins: its thoroughness so far as it extends. The drift of my remarks will be that our civilization is unostentatious — seeks no display — and that hence is produced in the English people, properly so called, an undemonstrative character. In mixed communities like those which now exist throusfh- out so many parts of this nortliern continent, there are pecuiar conveniences for observing national specialities. And it has often been noticed that whilst our brethren of other races can readily be roused to enthusiasm in regard to their respective nationalities, the properly so called English portions of our populations are, on this head, com- ])aratively apathetic. Now this fact — for it will be allowed to be so — is to be attributed — not to a want of patriotism or love of country — but to the undemonstrativeness of the English character — a habit which has been, so to speak, nationally acquired from the circumstances of the case. Constituting in the parent state confessedly the central and leading people of the three united kingdoms — the people to whom sooner or later all the English-speaking tribes of the globe seem destined more or less to assimilate— the English race proper, when transplanted from theii- native homes, do not see any especial need for asserting their nationality. It has not been their habit to do so. Their position in the father-land is so manifest and allowed, that they are slow to understand, why they should, under any circumstances, be called upon to make any particular demonstrations in this reo-ard. Tliev have not been wont to think boastfully or be demonstrative on this point. They indeed are aware of their ])rominciice in the world — that they are as a city set on a hill which cannot be hid — but this conspicuousness they know that neither they nor their forefathers have ever sought. It has been brought about for them wondrously in the piovidential government of God, without having been aimed at. They may cherish a certain pride in the dignity of that position, when they realise it; but they are prouder still of making no display in the matter ; allowing the visible facts of past and con- temporaneous history to speak for themselves. But however excluded all boasting may be, the English- man must be strangely constituted who is not at heart patriotic, if he be rt all aquainted with the annals of his country, and history of his race ; and undemonstrative though he habitually is, it would be excusable in him, nay II I 6 it wiMild helaiidablt', and perhaps to his advantage, if excited by tlie example of otliers, he would occasionally, as on a (l God to compound together in tliat land, out of man}^ varieties of blood, a people capable of titie develop- ment, and that development has been conducted and allowed to proceed through successivestages,novvforatliousandyears and more — slowly, but continuously ; and the goal is only still being approached ; for the full manhood of our English civili/ation is bv no means yet attained. The training to which our race has been subjected is curious and instructive. A system of successive tutelages was at the outset appointed. The Roman ruled and school- ed the Celt ; the Saxon the Anglo- Roman ; and the Norman the Anglo-Saxon, each aiming and each failing to impress upon the other the unwelcome lesson of subjection. The result was a pi'iictical knowledge acquired of the disadvan- tages of depiiudence, and the fashioning of a jK^ople at first rough-hewn and ill-compounded, but at length shapely and compact, thoroughly (jualified for the enjoyment of inde- pendence. The termination of this era of civil tutelages was the final separation from England of Normandy, and th(! other French Provinces. From that time the only remaining seirblance of subjection to an external powder, the connection, in things spiritual, with Italy, — a relic in fact and in name,* of the old empire of the Ctesars, — was perseveringly ])rotested against until it also was removed out of the way. From that moment to the present day successive advances thiough hosts of interposing difficulties have been made towards complete civilization. The insulation of England has been favourable to her pccular development, and has tended to rear up an inde- pendent people. Like the chosen nation in the times * TIic titlo of Supreme PontifF which had appertained to the Western Emperors was, on their extinction, assumed by the Bishops of Rome. ff Tin preceding Clnistianity, she has been caused to dwell alone, by even physical isolation. Her people have been as the Roman poet described them, " A race of men from all the world disjoined." This circumstance has had a most marked effect upon the national character. Had our fore- fathers been to a greater extent or for a longer period, than they were in fact, mixed np with the peoples of the Euro- pean continent, the individuality of their descendants would surely have been less decided than it is; their char- acter less self-contained and influential. But they were a people of healthy stamina and sound mental organization, early in a favourable position thrown on their own resources. Such a people, under such circumstances, have an oppor- tunity of learning the art of self- education. This is the process which has lorn.; been ccoin*; on amonjj the race from whom we sprung. Hence, from separate personal conscious- ness of freedom and responsibility, lias grown that long muster-roll of men who havo mounted from the humblest beginnings, to wealth, to eminence, to posts of highest influence "n every profession and departmetit oflife. Hence, notwithstar ''nor a strikinjif oneness of national character, an extra lary richness of individual variety,* exhibi- ting happy i ibinations of wisdom and wit, of keen percep- tion and hii>h skill ; of solid intellect, loftv ima'dnation, subtile fancy ; of grave carriage and quaint humour utilised to important ends. Hence a copious catalogue of inventors and discoverers, who have imparted new energies and given additional meaning to existence, virtually prolonging human life by enabling gigantic results to be realised in briefs spaces of time. Hence, too, those numerous examples of individual devotedness to duty, individual martyrdoms * W. S. Landor, long resident in Italy, thus asserts, "I have often observed more variety in a single English household, than I believe to exist in all Italy." Quoted in Gufi.-isc'i at Truth, \). 193, vol. ii. To any one who has had an opportunity of comparing the nine hundred English boys who assemble together every Sunday in the chapel at Eton, with a public school procession in the streets of modern Rome, this contrast, in respect of variety, is very marked. 8 to duty, which render so inspiriting the annals of our armies and navies, — as also of the whole civil and moral life of Englishmen. At home and abroad, in the endurance of toil, in the accomplishment of work, in the sacrifice of life, — bravely, but unostentatiously, it has been. *' Theirs not to make reply ! Theirs not to reason wliy — Theirs but to do and die." Recognition of individual rights began at an early time in the history of our country to be exacted and allowed. The self-respect of individuals being secured, national self- respect naturally followed, unostentatious but determined, and commanding the respect of the surrounding nations. Each man being permitted to manage his own affairs, with due regard to the claims of others, skill was acquired to aid in the conduct of public affairs. Municipalities and boroughs began with safety to be entrusted with the care of their own interests. Thus was there gradually begotten a wise an understanding people — a true commonwealth ; a national society, in which, in the ages all along, was devel- oped an extraordinary number of persons capable of inde- pendent action, and qualified to take part in the adminis- tration of government. A repugnance was established to the dictation of systems and theories, and to have that done for the people which they can do for themselves. A strong confidence has thus been aquired in the common sense, with which it has pleased God to endow the human race. So that, wherever the English people prevail, nothing can ultimately stand which is not consonant with the principles of reason, kept healthy and well-informed. The national mind being free to act according to the varied energies with which it has been divinely endowed, wholesome nat- ural tastes were cultivated, an appreciation of true, simple^ natural beauty begotten. Where else has nature been encouraged to develop itself so fairly as it has been in the land we call to mind this day ? Where else can we see nat- I 9 / unil 1> 'Jiiity, — beauty oi hill au'l ilal \ of ro ;'- anil wat'T, >)f tree and Howor ; so ficslily, so ».lii'rrt'ully, so extensively unfolded ?* Where else can we lindsueh renlilicsof |»ii^tiires(nie niral life, such luxuriant scenes of hri'^ht u;reen-s\vard anf war either from within or fioni without f Evi ii the structures and works re(|uired in luoihu'ii times for the pertectiuij of a marvellous system of ii'on ways traversinij the land in every possible direction, have not ])een permitted in any material tl^'^•l•ee to mar the native i)ictnres([Ueness of the country but rather, in many an instance, by contrast of leni;thened right-line and sweeping curve — of arches striding from hill to hill, and clusterings ol' (plaint but needful buildings surprising the eye along tlie vales, in groups, sliapes, and styles, dictated by local circimistances and varied minds, to enhance it. And tlie same healthy tastes, which cherish the simple beauties of nature, exhibit themselves in the match- less literature of our fatherland. What clear masculine, right-judging intellects are indictated by the works which at once suggest themselves as the standard classics of the English language. How thoroughly characteristic of Eng- land, and of the free intellect of England are the produc- tions of the great Poet whose birthtlay and deathday, it is said, we alike commemorate when we celebrate this day. We cull scarcely imagine any other European society than England producing the infinitely varied Shakespeare, or furnishing a field of study for his capacious and all- observant mind. In all these points and a thousand others, * Ua the continent of Europe the natiiial stylo of gaivloning and plant- ing is called the English mode. The prairie like parka of Loudon are characteristic of England, as are the (Jhumi) Ehj-^i'cs and V^ersailles, of France. The clipped or so-called Topiary fasiiiou, teniporarily iu vogue in England, was one result of the ill-omened intimacy and family connec- tion, which for a time subsisted between the Court, and the royal or princely houses of Spain, Italy, and France. 10 wc niav sec that in tlic land wliich we call to mind this day, the civilization that is so steadily and unostentatiously advancing-, and implanting itself from that centre to so many (|uaiteis of the earth is a civilization founded under the providence of God on human reason enfranchised and en- lightened. This is the point to which the progress of things .ii our history has tended, and to which it will without dou'ot one da}' attain. The confessio?! that our civilization has not attained to the degree of which it is capable tends to secure progress; and at the same time keeps down the spirit of boastfulness, and fosters tht national undemonstrativeness ; while nations luirsed up in an over- weening self-conceit are notoriously unprogressive and most difficult to improve. But though reatly ever to confess that we have not attained, but are simply stretciiing forward, century after century, and de- cade after decade, towards the goal, we cannot be unaware that W(} have without doubt reached a point which renders us the envv of the thoughtful and enlightened of less fortu- nate communities. Men denied in their own lands a rational civil freedom, but 3a\ii'ning for its possession, call a visit to our fatherland a " life-bath," so refreshing have thev found even a brief participation in the uni-cstrained existence of her people to be. They have thus become conscious of the fact, that thei'e is an elixir in her social atmosphei'o as stimu- lant to the moral health as the oxygen of her physical atmos- phere is to vigour of bod}'. To this effect we have the open confession of a j\Iontaleml)ert — of one by enrly training and tradition as little inclined as any to eulogize England. When stifling in his own country annd the exhalations of servility and corruption, "I set forth.," he says," to breathe a purer air, and to take a life-bath in free England," that "great and Christian nation," as lie styles her opposed to whom, he ileclures, are found" all the aj)ologists of absolut- ism, wliethcr ancient or modern, monarchical or democratic ;" and on whose side are all those " who still remain faithful 11 this day, :atiously ■e to so 3d under i and en- of things without ained to progress ; sttuiness, [e nations itoriously t though , but are , and de- unaware h renders ess fortu- a rational a visit to lev found stence of us of the as stimu- ;al atmos- the open linins; and Enscland. .lations of ,0 breathe ,nd," that iposed to If absolut- locratic ;" ii faithful to that rei:ulated liberty of which she was tlie cradle, and is to this liour tli'.' invincibk' bulwark."* In view of testimony so decisive and disinterested, sub- stantial rcjietilions of which from enlightened natives of every country are aVtundantly to be met witii, i\\v Knglish- man, undemonstrative thougli he be, may be persuaded, wlien lie pernuts himself to indulge tlie feeling of jirofound patiiotism of which he is sensible, that he is not yielding to tlie merely instinctive emotion which makes the savage love his home, nor to any nai'iow prejudice arising from inexperience of other lands ; but that he is priding himself in a state of things which the universal human intellect, if fully enlightened and free to declare itself, would pronounce to be intrinsically worthy of the destiny of man — a state of things to wliich, as time I'ollson, and advances are made in a true Christian civilization all nations are likely to approximate. This English civilization, with many of itscliaracteristics> is being transfeired to this continent, yet not without una- voidable admixtures and differences. Our lirst settlements in the new world liad an impress lemarkably English given to * Vide Lc Conite de Montaleinbcrt. — " LcLute 011 Indi.i in tlio Knglisli Pcarlianiont," ]). IT). 17, Kd. Toronto, IS'S. At p. .M,S, of the siinn' woiU lu; repeats that Knglund "enjoys almost alone the lionour of 11 picst ntin;^ liberty in modern Europe. " Add to this the testimony of 9 contemjjlated as a not improbable contingency. Thus in the voliune of the Gentleman'' x J/'(|/rt"./(K already referred to, a writer ironi- cally recommends the restoration of Canada to France for the reason that " the French may, by means of their Indians, carry on, as they have done for these hundred years past, even in times of peace, between the two crowua, 16 , ,. „,, ihi, moment in a public 1 unow wheve there «ta«l« f '^' , ,, ,^, Great Univer- place in England, n the Sen -Ho ^^^ ^,^^ ^,„„ ^^.^h ,ity of Cambndge, a ^f'^''^ ^^^.^ represented as en- commemorates this event^ He >^ ^^^^^ ^ ^^,^ p„rt,on circling with h.s r,g^.t arm -J^ ,^,^,, the word of which is mscnbed in ooj^p .^^^^^ ^„ CANAm. That «l-^"^' '» C:::^;" me, from the time object of no ospec.al »?';; "^ ''^ ^nsh off the aceumul- wien.by happening "^-^^ f „^„'^;, i„,eription, invested ated dust of years, ^^ 'if J ,i„„btless. it will possess also «ith peeuliaV"''^'-'^^ • ~lo-Canadianwhomay chance inthe eye- -y;;^^t? this casual reference to h,s that way, and be aw a « o country's name and ^'f'J:„,i,^x years since the event Now, after a lapse of a 'j ''« ^„ ^^ traversed by ttas co„,memorated, -"■ -''^^,,^"; g^ee of descent. We that this would be ^°° \',^toVevent the increase of IsraeL .^ destroying the young ma es^^^^^^ ^^ ^ JfafK'=»''^^. >^;^;j; ''r;-^ of the seven years %\ai sngg ^^ ^^^^^ „„ the session of at the close o ..^^^ inscription, whicn crive significance to the n leal of Lower Canada . .-Ah ipso Pucit opes animumque ferro. the same classic .IPfrree to that derived ly^!" » c^gtode rerum dynasty:— " Iniperi ^ PorrectaMajestas * ^, Custode rerum ^^^^^J^" ^j^^g^riptions, see respec . ..f these now interesting histoncaunse i For the context of ^l^f V^'^'^q ..^d iv. 14, l«^. l[>' J^" ^ contemporary pri- tively Hor. Lil^-,;:';,„^'eradaptation than this last «« "'^^^^tionate regard I have seen a l^appiei ^";H . -^^^ one word ^"^^Xprsallv regarded ', vate bust of Gen. ^^f.^'J^Sfuf commander was ^^^'J^^^l ^ne who iithwhichthelossof t at^^^^^^^^^^^ i\v^yn\^n Pe^g^^^^i^ anp and the conviction P^.f ^ successor to the hero ot « would have proved a wonny Ramillies : .'Si (mafatainvidarmnpas, Tu ]^.larlbiiru>iens. 17 in a public reat Univer- king which iented as en- ooclly portion ;rs the word ,1, perhaps, an ■om the time ■ the accumul- ation, invested ill possess also ho may chance Eerence to his iince the event ,e traversed by ,f descent. We thereby sUnt their come as tall as their es, in a note, to fear ^ctised by Pharaoh, fsrael " Geritleman -s found herselfinpos- ;tea, and to thi^ day is to be read on the ■om the same classic , the " Custode rerum ent to the Hanoverian nscriptions, s-e respec- on a contemporary pri^ the affectionate legara vs universally regarded, hhn perished one who hero S Blenheim anp shall, in all probability, behold in the royal youth, a simple unaffected son of England, one who is being carefully and judiciously subjected to the process of self-education under the influence of the varied circumstances which may enable him to understand the people over whom he is to reign, " Whose loyal passion for their temperate kings " arises from the enjoyment of a sober and intelligent freedom. We shall see in him, there is no doubt, another exempli- fication of the national undemonstrativeness. But none tiie less shall we give him the welcome which is suited to a prince of a destiuy so high, and to the son of a Queen every where honoured and beloved. We, too, as a people compounded of divers races, and disciplined by English institutions under new conditions, shall be scanned with no uncritical eyes. In the following of that illustrious stranger there will be many a keenly observant intellect to which we shall be a study. By the strictures of such visitors young and immature communities are often taught wholesome and instructive truths. One thing we may be assured of beforehand, that by minds trained amidst the highest phases of English civilization, simplicity and undemonstrativeness on our part will be understood and appreciated. In the meantime let the work of our association be pro- ceeding. We do not, indeed, expect for the future, year after year, as in times past, exceedingly large influxes from the land of our fatliers. Still the emigration to our shores will always be large enough to give occupation to our Society and render its support necessary. During the twenty years or more that I have been your Chaplain I have personally known of numerous cases of crying necessity — the counter part of which may recur in any season when emigrants are arriving — where, had it not been for the funds placed at the disposal of this Society by your liberality, it would have seemed impossible to supply the amount of relief which was indispensable. Who does 18 not know that there are put ashore every summer on the quays and landing places of all the larger ports of this country, men, women and children, claiming by the tie of kindred blood, as well as by that of Christian brotherhood, our most earnest and active synqiathy ? Amongst these are to be seen the sick, the feeble ; the infant deprived of mother or fjither, or both, during the journey; the wife widowed, the husband by sudden accident disabled, with young fainilies dependent, the tigjd left isolated and desti- tute, yearning already for the lately abandoned old home, and the kindly voices of old friends. It has been with refer- ence to such and similar cases, that our Association has proved itself so ])ractica]ly useful. You all desire that cases such as these should be humanely and Christianly attended to ; and yet individually you cannot accomplish what you would wish to do. It is therefore through the instrumentality of tliisSocietj', and by means of your joint and liberal contributions on occasions like the present you must satisfy the benevolent promptings of your hearts. Many cases, again, of distress arise among our newly- arrived fellow-countrymen, in this way. Philanthropic per- sons in England, while promoting the emigration of the poor, frequently provide for their sustenance only to the verge of the new land, where they are expected at once to be able to shift for themselves. And there they stand a pitiable crowd ; heli)less, resourceless ; wearing still, perhaps, the old Saxon frock and clouted shoes, and other articles of rustic attire, unadapted to the climate, and to the work be- fore them ; exposed to grievous perplexity, and to the danger sometimes of positive starvation, if some friendly hand and honest voice did not interpose and d'^ or say some thing for them. While we deprecate the want of liberality or want of foresight which too often throws on our hands such cases as these, the innocent people themselves must not be left to perish. Here our Association again finds a field for action ; and many a valuable worker capable of contributing to the a. 19 ner on the arts of thia ^ the tie of brotherhood, gst these are deprived of jy; the wife sabled, with 3d and desti- ed old home, enwithrefer- jsociation has U desire that d Christianly ot accomplish 3 through the s of your joint he present you i your hearts, ^y our newly- lanthropic per- o-ration of the ce only to the jcted at once to e they stand a :ig still, perhaps, other articles of to the work be- ,nd to the danger jendly hand and y some thing for rality or want of jids such cases as t not be left to a field for action ;. ntributing to the I ^1 common good has been saved to himself and to the country by timely aid attbrded from iLs funds. I need scarcely enumerate more particularly what has been accomplished during the past year. The repoit is in your hands, and its three hundred cases of relief administered within a twelve- month, speak for themselves, and ask for a bountiful sup- port now, to enable a like good work to be done during the present summer. And while you continue to make a ])ractical use of this anniversary year after year, establishing thereby a provi- sion for your fellow-country men in the hour of their neces- .sity, you do well to embrace the occasion to blow off the ashes from the smouldering embers on the altar of your love and duty to the ancient home-land. Over its venerable borders ever and anon comes up the fstorm- cloud. So in the times bygone it was wont to do; and sometimes the portentous shadow has passed harmlessly by, while at other times, the gathered tempest has burst in all its baneful reality. I suppose, throughout the whole history of England, there has seldom been half a century without some alarm to agitate its people, either causelessly or with reason. And we must be content that so it shall still for a while continue to be. Some ten years since, philanthropists tlatteied themselves that wars were ahout to cease in all the earth ; and yet in that brief term, within tlie area of enlightened Christendom, battle fields have reeked to heaven, and fresh names have been added to the list of seas and lands which have been crimsoned with the life-blood of our English race.* We know not now, what is before the mother-country ; nor before ourselves. Until other European societies are equally civilized with hers, defective as that civilization still is, she will be exposed to the hostility, secret or open, * "Quod mare Daunia; Non (lecoloravere ciedes ? QujB caret ora cruore nostro ?" 20 of those who must hate her. Hence she is constrained, as in less auspicious days to keep herself prepared for all issues, to the delay of the great work of national amelioration. V .. ., ot close our eyes to the fact that in her fortunes, ours in en is land are to a great extent bound up ; that in her prosperity, peace and tranquillity, ours are involved. There are, however, strong rational grounds for a cheerful hope in regard to her future. Your aspirations for her well- being may ever go up, as on this day, with a hearty confi- dence; for cherish within yourselves the conviction that there is a God above who moulds and restrains the purposes of man ; and that it is His pleasure that all men from the least to the greatest in all lands should be what they are capable of being, happily and completely developed. Believe that Christianity, pure and undefiled, tends to effect this result, and is pledged to effect it ; that Christianity understood and practised, and civilization perfected, are identical things. And then call to mind that the great country you comme- morate this day, consciously or unconsciously, has all along been moving in this direction ; that it has all along been known and distinguished as the especial friend of human freedom, the especial furtherer of human progress. The principles, therefore, on which its people, by a kind of superhuman instinct, have been acting, seem to be in the main, in harmony with the Divine will, with the nature of things, and with what is to be. Hence it is earnestly to be believed that, though clouds and gusts may occasionally threaten extinction, her light will be providentially per mitted to shine unto the perfect day ; and that he will be found blessed that blesseth her ; and haply be cursed that curseth her. 'I lined, as in f all issues, [oration, er fortunes, ip; that in e involved. a cheerful for her well- learty confi- )n that there purposes of om the least r are capable Believe that ;t this result, derstood and itical things. you comme- has all along 1 along been id of human roffress. The bv a kind of to be in the the nature of earnestly to be r occasionally dentially per ,at he will be ply be cursed