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\avV\pV\ 
 
 EducAtH 
 
 T 
 
 V.V ^ 
 
 PASTOHAIi hETTEt^ 
 
 OF 
 
 His Grace the Arcl^bishop of St, Boniface. 
 
 ON THK 
 
 NEW SCHOOL LAWS OF MANITOBA. 
 
 ALEXANDER ANTONIN TAPHE, HV THE fiUAcnC OF OOD AND THE 
 
 KAVOU Ol' THE HOLY At'OS'l'OLIC SEE, AHCHUISHOP OF 
 
 sr. HONIFAOE, ASSISTANT To THE rONTIFICAL 
 
 THUONE, ETC., ET(!. 
 
 'l\t Ihf f'l''i';yi/, St'ciihir iind Reffnhir; to llic irlU/ioiis i'ont- 
 m.iiiiltii'x Olid to (ill the fnithfiil of mir A rc/idiori'si', 
 Ovf'pl 1 ii;i (I'liit lili'ssl iifi ill (hi I' Lord. 
 
 DkaKEY IiEI.on KI) Hkethren: 
 
 A tr()iil)le of a new kind is now bet'oro you! In our conn- 
 try, we boast of nlijj;ious libeity, and nevci-tlicloss that liberty 
 has just roceivod a ciiock. Under the protection of our social 
 iuid political institutions, we thon^ht that all oin- rii;.. h were 
 safe, and now it conies tliat some of these I'iuhts are beinj; en- 
 croaclied upon by the very parties who were bound ti) safe- 
 iriiard them. You are umiergoina; a persecution, true, not a 
 sani>uinary one directed acjainst your bodies or extei-ior life, 
 l»ut a persecution astutely disguised and directed against the 
 intellect, to prevent its being g»>ided by christian light and 
 enlightened by its Divine splendors. 
 
 Your Children, my Dear Brethren, are threatened; it is 
 wished to take them away fnxn you, in ordei- to take them 
 away from (}od: it is wished, through vexations and unjust 
 pi'efei'ences, to determine you to abandon your dear little ones 
 to a new danger of seduction. It is lioped that throuLdi a 
 spirit of cupidity, and the fear of pecuniary loss, you will be 
 ready to neglect the dearest interests of tho.se that God him- 
 self has entrusted to your care and that, it is said, to secure 
 for them at less expense, advantages great it is true, but of an 
 inferior character. In a word the State, overlooking your 
 
 t 
 
 ■//I 
 
most sdcred riniits, wisluvs to ostablisli schools oppostjd to yoiir 
 religious coiivietioiis. While destroying; our old scholastie 
 system to estaltlish a new one, the State savs to von: Have 
 yonr childi'en edncated the way wv direct, then, wo will hel[) 
 you and your school taxes will turn to the benefit of your 
 children; hut if you do not accept the school from which we 
 banish all that is (Vtholic, you Catholics, shall have no share 
 of the moneys oriven by the State, though you are as mucl\ 
 entitled to it as your fellow citizens; you will not only be de- 
 privec] (»f your share of the lei>islativ(! grant, but you will be 
 obliged to pay out of your own pockets, foi* the education of 
 the children who attenil the schools ,ve call J^iihlic and 
 which We make Protestant; if, after all this, you will still 
 wish to have youi- children i-ducated, you will pay tlie 
 entire expenses and we shall not diminish in the least the cost 
 we impose on you for the education of the children of others. 
 Such is the position that the new legislation has prepared 
 for the Catholics of Manitoba; such is the condition of affairs 
 to which we wish to (h'aw your attention to-day. We need 
 not tell you how keenly we feel the ci'uel injustice attempted 
 against you, nor the bitter grief raised in our pastoral soul by 
 such an attempt against your most assured rights, and by tht; 
 dirfieulties cast in the way of your most sacred obligations. 
 The now law has been in force for more than three months 
 and you have observed that we have not addressed you on the 
 subject. Our protest has been sent elsewhere. Vour parish 
 l^i'iests liave acted in the same manner. What is the mi^an- 
 ing of our silence? Could we per cliance believe that speak- 
 ing in the.se circumstances, is not a strict duty of our po.sition !' 
 ( 'ould we be indifierent contemplating the misfortune such iis 
 the one prepaivd fc^r you ? An; we without a hope that tiiis 
 dejikn-able condition of atfaii's is without i-emedy ? No, Our 
 Dearly Beloved Brethren, our silence has not been inspired by 
 such reasons, wo. know and we feel that our voice must be 
 hear<l in a circumstance of such painful importance. Far 
 from being indifferent to your misfortune, we may say in all 
 sincerity that it tortures our soul and our heart more than 
 anything we have sufiered iluring oui' entire life. Missionary 
 in these vast regions for more than forty-tive years, you know. 
 Dear Brethren, that we often have had to suHer: isolation and 
 separation froin all dear to our heart, the privations insepara- 
 bh; from our mode of life, the inclemtnicy of the seascms, the 
 fatigues of long and tedious journt'ys, the ignorance, degrada- 
 tion and cruelty of Indian tribes, the regret that w«' have; not 
 
3 
 
 l»(>oii abk' to accoiiiplisli all olie ^jjood wc wished, tin; tliousuinl 
 trials i)i a life that we have tried to make desiutei-estod, find 
 that, in a country iA' dilticult access; we must confess that all 
 that has many a time been a source of hardships; nevertheless, 
 W(> fnust in all sincerity say that duriiiy the said forty-Hve 
 years, nothing has so painfully affected us as the school laws 
 newly enacte<l by the legislature of Manitoba, against youi 
 interests and the spiritual welfare of your children. The 
 only alleviation to such pain is the hope that the evil is not 
 without i-eniedy. We !ire confident that we shall find justice 
 before another tribunal and that our appeal will be heard by 
 the highest authorities. 
 
 [f we have so long kept silent, it is not then for any of 
 the motives above expressed; our silence has been iti.spired by 
 the confidence we have in you. Yes, it is our trust in yon 
 wliich prompted to defer to this day the public expression of 
 our opinion- those who persecute you, d(» not know y<ju! 
 While preparing a legislation contrary to youi' dearest in- 
 terests, they aftirmed in their ignorance or f know not what, 
 that you wei-e of their opinion, and that it would meet your 
 approval at least in a tacit way, and that your Pastor.s would 
 be the only ones to protest Well wv have kept silent to give 
 you the opportunity of e.xpj-essing sjiontaneously, and of your 
 own accord, what your hearts and consciences would inspini 
 you to express. \Ve have not )>een disappointed in our exj)ec- 
 tation, and to-day it is for us a pleasant duty to offer you our 
 congratulations for the attitude so firm, energetic and so geneial 
 that you have tak(!n. Ijistead of feeling the necessity to ex- 
 cite your zeal, iiiHuence, or sentiments, your Bisho]) and 
 Priests have had on the conh'ary to modei-ate your disposi- 
 tions. What has been .said i/i public and in i»rivate, what has 
 lieen affirmed in Parliament, in pi'ovincial or parochial meet- 
 ings, all th<' a.ssurances you have repeatedly given us, all that 
 has been said and done amongst you with regard to the new 
 school laws, renders it evident that eoch and every one of us 
 have the same thought, the .same conviction and the same de- 
 termination. You tread tlu; same path with y<jur Pastors as 
 they do with you; the object in view is the same, and all 
 efforts are in connnon. You are ready to follow the direction 
 of your Pastors, not through a feeling of servile and forced 
 submission, but on the contraiy by a (■onvi(!tion as free as it 
 is energetic. Such is the ansvs'er we expected you would give 
 to our shiiiderers, even iieiVrre addressing you in the exercise 
 of your office as your spiritual director. Ay there can Ite no 
 
(loiiltt (jf your (li.spo><itiun.s, wt; luorcly wish to-day to coiil'cr 
 witli yoti on the {^I'oiit iiiterosts iit stake an<l wliicli we all 
 wish to protect. 
 
 Fatliei's and mothers, guardians and friends of chihh'en, it 
 is especially to you that we speak. ( Jod has iL,dven you your 
 chi'iviren in trust, they are yours hecau.se they are His, as you 
 are youiselves: yonr Hist duty in receiving; such a sacred 
 trust is to do all in your power that those children may con- 
 tinue to helonj; to (;iod, not imu-el}' l»y the absolute dominion 
 iu; has over all created heiiiirs and which cannot l»e taken 
 from Him, but also by the affectionate submission these yountf 
 h'.iarts will render their C'reiitor. when the development of 
 their intellect allow them to acknowledii'ci that thev owe Him 
 everythin<^f and that existing; by Him they mu.st e.\ist for Him. 
 
 Vour most important obligation towards your children is 
 then to beijin vourseh'es to inculcate' in thcii" vouiiiif Imarts 
 the knowledge and love of (iod as well as the duties |»re- 
 ,scribe<l by His holy law. When the children grow in age, 
 they nmst be provided with more instruction. The atHjuisi- 
 tion of .secular knowledge, without being a.s indispen.sable as 
 that of the things neces.sary to salvation, is nevertheless of 
 the highest importance and cannot be neglected ; hence tlie 
 necessity for sending childi'en to school; this nev/ pha.se in 
 the life of those so justly dear to you, increa.ses your respon- 
 sibility. You know that it is necessary that all tho.se en- 
 trusted to vou bv CJud shoulil be trained early in a christian 
 life, hence the importance of having christian schools; and all 
 schools deprived of that charactei' are not connnendablc to 
 ehristian parents. N^ju are in <luty liound to keep your child- 
 ren from schools in whicl\ their faith and morals do not find 
 |»erfect security. Alas! in spite of all your care and vigilani'e 
 they ma,y receive a pernicious influence; at lea.st look to it, that 
 the school in itself nui}' not be a dangerous place for your 
 I'hildien; be certain that the teachers give full y:uaran tee that 
 they will continue the sacred ministration that you exercise 
 at home: let tht .school In in harmony with the paternal rord' 
 for the formation of the heart; let tlu^ teachings of the masters 
 be the echo of the words of the father and mother tellin<!; 
 their children what they niu.st believe, and explaining to 
 them the numerous duties retpiired by the .service of (Jod and 
 the love of their neighbors. 
 
 Fifty-years and u})wards, previous to tlie transfer of this 
 country to (*anada, niissioiiari<'s came here and their ministry 
 has not been interrupted since. The Catholic missionaries es- 
 
tal)li,slif<| ( 'atliolic scliotils, the I'lutcstiuits on tliuir purt nls«» 
 • loiii^' the sainc. (.'liildii'ii wtTc jjoiii;^' to (Itoir respective 
 schools as (lid their parents to their respective churches; each 
 deiioniination supportinj^ tlieir own scliools as in like manner 
 they supported tlieir churches. The system never ijave rise 
 to any misunderstanding or created the least diHiculty. When 
 the country entered the Canadian Confederation it was agreed 
 and stipulated that the schools should n-main separate. 'J'hc 
 Legislature ot" Manitoha, during twenty years of its existence, 
 maintained and helil that distinction, so well calculated to do 
 justice to all. W(> had Catholic schools, and our separated 
 Iti-ethren ha\ ing willingly chosen to unite their efforts, had 
 Protestant .schools. On the school (juestion there was entire 
 harmony in the country. Our young province .set good e.\- 
 ample by peaceable relations which, unfortunately, cannot al- 
 ways be observed in countries inhabitetl by mixed populations. 
 We never heard of any grave com[)laint, and the i)ro\ince as 
 a whol<! never manifested any hostile .symptoms against the 
 school system. A new policy which eainiot fail to generate 
 dissensions and lamentable divisitms, was resorted to by the 
 very men who ought to be the promoters of jteace and con- 
 cord among the different sectiojis of our people. It is very 
 ea.sy to start a tiiv, the ditficiilty is to sto[» it; this is very 
 well known in the vast praii'ies, where tlie least neglect often 
 causes great devastations. 
 
 We have no desiie, Oui' Dearly Beloved Brethren, to deal 
 lengthily on the immen.se resj)onsibility incurred b}' those 
 who do you harm. With regard to their persons, we havt" 
 but one desire to ex pri'ss : May (.Jod forgive them, Vu'cau.se 
 surely " tht;y know not what they do." Let us examine sim- 
 i)lv the result of their action towards us. A hideous crv, full 
 of Ufi-ll 'ind hatreil, was brought again.st us from elsewhere 
 an<l was re-echoed, in our midst, by the representatives of 
 authorit\'. Down tvlfh the French In njfiiaj/e .' Doirn with 
 the ('(Mhollc Schools ! were the frantic ejaculations. It doi's 
 not re(|uire the wisijom of a jnofoutul thinker to know that 
 racial and religious prejudices are always in a latent state, in 
 the midst of populations which, for the most part, have not 
 had the opportunity or the will of being highly educated. 
 Iknvii irifh the l.'utholic Schools! That cry soiuided pleasant 
 to the ears of those who by pi'ijuilice, ignorance, or even a 
 certain conviction, are strongly opposi-d to the Holy Roman 
 Catholic Chiu'ch, and we regret 1:0 see that this unjust and 
 disloyal cry has been agreeably listened to by too many. The 
 
majority of <»ur Loj^islntivf A.ssfiiildy. after a (U.-ploruMf cxlii- 
 l)itinii (»f iniioraiKto, with ro^anl to t'thicatioii, yivcii l»y soiik- 
 of its iiicinbcrs, voted tlie aliolitioii of our Catliolie scIiooIh 
 niul decided tliat Protestant sehoois alone should be r(!fog- 
 idsed and helped l>y the State. True, in introduciri^ the new 
 sy.stetu the words NATIONAL, l'UHI-l< , NON-SECTAUIAN SCHOOLS 
 were repeated and |)rinted : l>ut these woi'ds are empty soun Is 
 and were used to conceal the real truth, hecausc the simple 
 and hare fact is this: that the rjeuislature of Manitolta, while- 
 abolishing the Catholic schools, has enacted such laws by 
 which the Protestant schools are maintained in their full in- 
 tegrity, and, mr*re than that, tliat though .sectarian, they will 
 receive the share of |>ublic money t<) wliich the (Jatholics are 
 entitled. The law goes still further, the Catholic ratepayers 
 will Imve to i)ay foi- the su[)i)(n't of schools wliich for all pur- 
 poses and intents are Protestant and in which con.se(|uently 
 the faith of your cliildren cannot fail to be e.xpo.sed to danger 
 and in which your own dearest convictions. Our l)enr Hreth- 
 ren, will be unjustly and painfully treated as false. 
 
 A rapid glance over the new school laws Huffices to show 
 that they have been framed with a deep-.seated hostility to 
 Catholicism, and that the whole system will work aci'ording 
 to I'rotestant idea.s. 
 
 The old law recogni.sed and put on the same footing our 
 own schools and those of our separat<'(l bretliren. We all 
 (^njo^-ed the .same rights, tlie .same advantages under the pro- 
 tection and surveillance of the (Jovernment. The two .sets of 
 schools had respectively their Sujjorinteiuh'uts, their Section 
 of the Board of Education, their religious exerci.ses, their In- 
 s[)ectors and their Teachers, their seric^s of books according to 
 taste and conviction, their share of the legislative grant, and 
 the support of tho.se who were natui-ally in symi)athy with 
 them on religious matters. The .system was (hiplicate in all 
 its details, but was one in its origin and its object. TIk; sys- 
 tem is destroyed by the complete abolishing in the .school, and 
 for the school, of all tliat is Catholic, wliile leaving to the 
 Protestants all they po.ssessed undei- the old regime; for in- 
 stance, the Protestant Superintendent and his a.s,sistants are 
 replaced by a Department of Education, all Protestant and 
 partly compo.sed of the old officials of the Superintendent's 
 office. 
 
 The Piotestant Section of the Board of Education is re- 
 jilaced liy an " Advisoiy Board" whose members, as a rule, 
 cannot fail from I )einLr Protestant ; its President is the one 
 
1 
 
 ililf cxlii- 
 
 liy soiiii' 
 
 ic schools 
 
 bt' HiCOg- 
 
 ^ tlio new 
 
 SCHOOLS 
 
 ty Mourils 
 \n\ siiiiplo 
 lIlH, wliilf 
 laws l»y 
 '\\' full in- 
 tlicy will 
 holies iir«.' 
 rttepaycrs 
 )!■ all pui- 
 sc(|ncntly 
 to (langor 
 ar Hr«th- 
 
 i to show 
 (stility to 
 aciMjnlin^' 
 
 )otin^ (;iir 
 \Vu all 
 ' the pro- 
 wo sets ol' 
 ir Suction 
 
 their In- 
 ;or(ling to 
 rant, and 
 ithy with 
 ite in all 
 
 The sys- 
 chool.and 
 g to the 
 e ; for in- 
 itants are 
 stant and 
 itendent'.s 
 
 ion is re- 
 is a rule, 
 > the one 
 
 who presided over 'he old Protestant Section of the Boai-tl, 
 and all its in<;nd)rr.s were, oi- eotdd have heeii, niendiers ul" that 
 Section. 
 
 Pi'otestant religious exercises and i)rayers were j)rescrilted 
 for tlie Protestant schools, hy tluj Protestant Section of the 
 Hoard of Education; now the " Ailvisory Hoard," all Protest- 
 ant, prescriVu-s also all the prayers ami religious exercises to 
 lie used in the school : far from being favorable to CathoPe 
 ideas, the fundamental principle of Protestantism is the ride 
 acknowledged in thoscr religious exercises, and none others are 
 permitted. The .school inspectors aic, as far as we know, nil 
 Protestant, and tin; (pi'^lifications for teacliei's are exactly the 
 same as those re(|uired l»y the Protestant schools \uider the 
 old system. The text and reference books, as well as those to 
 l)e jilaced in school libraries, ai'e exclusiv(dy chosen by Pro- 
 testants, some of whom have shown a determined hostility to 
 (.'atholics, and have publicly attacked what (Catholics regard 
 as essential in matters of Education. 
 
 Naturally, Protestant parents cannot have objection to 
 such .schools, they are in conformity to theii' vi»>ws and under 
 the exclusive control of their co-r«digioni,sts, .so they will 
 natiu'ally accept the new law without perhaps siispecting that 
 then! has been any vital diange. They nuiy even find it ad- 
 vantag(>ous, becau.se they may see ad<led to their share of the 
 Legislative grant the portion naturally belonging to th«' 
 ('atholics, but which the latter cannot receive, as the (lovern- 
 ment, by the law, has made it inaccessible to them. 
 
 More than this, the Protestant ratepayers will have less 
 to pay to support tlieir .schools, which in realit}' remain Pro- 
 testant, as they will have in addition to theii- own taxes all 
 tlw! taxes of theii" Catliolic neighbors, aiul these latter ai"e to 
 be <leprived of all help for education. 
 
 Let us hope. Dearly Belove<l Hrethren, that the evil will 
 Hnd its remedy in its own exce.ss; if anytlnng violent cannot 
 last long, it is evi<lent that the new law will not stand, as it is 
 too radically unju.st. ( )ur .separated bi'(»thren have been taken 
 by surprise: they may havi; entertained a certain pleasui'e at 
 the suppression of all (^atholic schools but a feeling of justice 
 will as.snredly teach them sooner oi- later that they would not 
 like to be treated as we now are. Even among themselves, 
 energetic protestations, cleverly expressed, have already clear- 
 ly proved that we can rely on those who consider that British 
 fair play is a glorious privilege and an admirable practice. 
 As far as we are concerned, we wisli evil to no one; we can 
 
ill 
 
 HuH't'i', l»iit we vi'ptidiiitc all sciitiiiH'ut uf rt-vt'tifjc, cHiiccinlly 
 wlit'ii souls «n' at stnkt'. It wmiM he with ii ilfcp rt'clinj;; •>)" 
 it'yrct that vvf should ham that the I'lotcstaiit childrcu of 
 Maiiitolta would he ohli;;(d to rcsoit to schriols in which their 
 i'aith ill (Jod luid His adornhlo Son would he cndan^cicd. It 
 is a cause ol' daily concern to uh, to Hce our sepainted hreth- 
 ren deprived of a |»art of the hcliid' which makes us s(t happy: 
 hut we wouM re<^r«'t still much more to see them exposed to 
 lose that pait of the whole fnitli which they retained after 
 th(! wreck of their separation from the true church. We 
 wish to no liody schools without ( lod and Mis ( 'hrist, hut we 
 especially ahhor siich nistitutions when f(trced on those who 
 lielievc in the Ahniyhty and in .lesus Christ. Whatever may 
 hapi)en in the future, we are just now facinji; a real and j^reat 
 difiicultv. What ar«^ we ^'oni«>' to ilo :* Your answei' to this 
 eiKpiii'V had already reached us, even hefore the eiKpiiry was 
 made. Vour rcpres«'ntatives in I'arliamcnt, those wjio have 
 maintained your opinions in tlu press, your delejrates to the 
 coni^ress ori^anized hy yoii, the different committees j'ou ha\e 
 appointed to ^ive expression to y«»ir views, all have heen 
 unanimous. The voices of your Pa.stors unite in this concert 
 inspired by your faith and alto;;(»th((r we say: the Catholics 
 (tamiot len<l themselves to carry out the new sc^hool law passed 
 hy the liCgislature of Manitolia in l(S!K); they decline to ex- 
 po.se their chihh'en to dane-ers involved in the new le<,dslatiirc. 
 The closinf>" of the .schools to prayer and christian doctrine, is 
 their ciosine- to our children who as well as ourselves wish to 
 hclieve, to pi'ay and to love. Jesus, the friend of children, 
 being banished from the school, we cannot si'nd oui- own 
 children there, as the Divine lover of their ai^e .says to us: 
 "Ho that is not with iue lsii(f<iin.st iiii-; mut he that (jathereth 
 " not irithme st'dttt'irfh." We wish oiu" chihhen to lemain 
 with their Saviour; we cannot entrust them to the care of 
 those wlio foibiil tlie mention of Him in the .schools. 'IMie 
 leathering of Innnan kn»»wle<l<;e is a mere scatterin<j when it 
 is done in tlic oblivion of all knowledge of the ( Jod of .science 
 and truth "a,s in Hi in inis lift', diul the tiff icus the lii/ht of 
 "men." 
 
 This conviction, Our Dearly Heloved Rretlnvn, is engraved 
 in our heai'ts bv the religions teaching received in our child- 
 hood, it is a treasure you wish to ti'ansniH to yonr offspring 
 in all its integrity and in this as in many othei' instances, the 
 enemies of our Hoi}' Church are ahvays ready to slander lier 
 and VIS, One of the most consoling features of these slanders 
 
f) 
 
 <'s|»'('i(illy 
 
 liililrt'U of 
 liicli their 
 fueled. It 
 UmI l.ivtli- 
 Ho happy: 
 'xpost'd to 
 'hkmI after 
 nch. We 
 
 U, hut NVe 
 those who 
 
 tever may 
 
 ami j^rent 
 
 er to this 
 
 i(|uiry was 
 
 who hiive 
 
 Fltes to the 
 
 1 yon h»i\e 
 have lieeii 
 liis concert 
 ' Catholics 
 law passed 
 no to ex- 
 eifislature. 
 loctriiH!, is 
 es wisli to 
 ' children, 
 our own 
 says to us: 
 f 1/(1 flu' ret h 
 to leiiiain 
 he care of 
 ools. The 
 ijj when it 
 I of science 
 'he lliihl i>f 
 
 s eujuraved 
 (»nr diild- 
 )• offspring 
 itances, the 
 blander lier 
 se slancjerM 
 
 JH that our faith cannot he attacke<l hut hy supposino a teach- 
 ing; which it does not impart; and practiees that the Holy 
 riiurch r((piidiatcs with all the energy of its doctrine. |*e(»ple 
 go so far a.s to sav that the Catholic; CInireh is the en"my of 
 science, wliih^ <»ii th(^ contrary this Holy Spouse of Jesus 
 Christ is eager for the ac(|uisition of all true science; love of 
 learning is the very suhstance of the chui-ch as its supreme 
 and ulterior end is to hring humanity nearer to (lod; hut (Jod 
 is light, science and wisdom, one cannot reach Him through 
 ignorance whicli is the hlindness of th(> intellect and of the 
 lieai't, and the result of sin ; hut one can appi'oach nearer 
 to (ind hy knowledge which originates from theiuHnite heing 
 who com)>rehends and knows all things. 
 
 Tlie mission given to the Church necessaiily implies teach- 
 ing, since she was told : "(iniiH/ llwrefmr, hiuh i/c nil mi- 
 Hints." The CJhuieh reflects "/Ar Irni' li;/ltl ii'li'ifh I'lilij/lit- 
 '' ciu'tli every VHi II fhiil nniieth iiilo llils ii'orhl": and uuided 
 hy the Hob' (Ihost she lias taught all tuitions; it has dispersed 
 the darkness of I'aganism, explained the figures and enigmas 
 of the Synagogue; it has thrown on the old and new world 
 the rays of light which have i-ai.sed humanity from the chaos 
 in which it was kept hy ignorance and superstition. Not 
 satisfied with the conversion of nations, theChin-ch has spread 
 leai'ning amongst tliem. It is the same Holy llcauan Church 
 which has covei'c'd the woi-hl with schools of all kihds and is 
 the hrirdit focus of intellectual light. It is in hei hosom that 
 all who had acquired any leaiiiing for centiuies looked for 
 human knowledge as well as divine instruction. It has heen 
 the guardian of saci'eo writings, and at the same time the re- 
 pository of secular literatui'e. The world is indehted to it 
 for the preservation of all which we adnure in ancient civili- 
 zation and the estahlishment of the Itest features of modern 
 civilization. The puhlic and free .schools oi-iginated amongst 
 ( 'atholics and were first estahlished in llonu'. During centu- 
 ries not one University was foun<le(l without the coopei-ation 
 and hlessing of the Popes oi- of their Episcopal IJrethren. 
 The munificence of the Pontiffs rivalled with that of the 
 Princes, in favoring of Italy, Spain, Cermany, France, En- 
 gland, Ireland, Scotland, etc., etc., with those ghtrious institu- 
 tions, which to this day are the pride of tlie nations who 
 enjoy their possession. 
 
 One of the most remarkable men of England Ity his 
 science, the incomparable bea\ity and elegance of langtuige, 
 and al>ove all by his virtues, has just closed his eyes to fihe 
 
10 
 
 u ' 
 
 71 
 
 '1!! 
 
 lijjht of this world. He Iwid Ix-oun liis litemrv career in a 
 uiiivcisity of lloiiiiui Catholic louiulation. By the elevation 
 of his ociiins, lu' raised himself above all |)rejndice, he under- 
 stood the claims that th(! Moth((r Churcli has to the submus- 
 sion of all the brightest intelligences, to the gratitude of the 
 souls who seek aftt^' learning and virtue, and Newman passed 
 from Oxford to Rome as a natural transition. The man that 
 his country praises so much to-da}' as one of its purest glories, 
 as one of its most illustrious sons, has just died as Cardinal 
 and Pi'ince of the Holy Roman ('hurch. 
 
 As childi-en of the same Church, let us love; and obey our 
 mothei': she wishes ns to be good, she wishes us to be e<lu- 
 cfvted, fii'st in tlif holy truths (nitrusted more directly to lier 
 parental can- and then in all learning that niaj' be useful to 
 us for approaching (Jod. All true science is from the Supreme 
 Master and the Clmrch wisiies us to be possessed of science 
 that we may go to (lod with more facility and certainty. The 
 Church wislies that the very atmosphere which suiTounds the 
 children in the school, be impregnated with the sweet per- 
 fumes of .)(>sus Christ. She does not allow that in the human 
 intellect there should be space or time for the divorce between 
 sacred science and what is called secular training. All know- 
 le<lge being from tJod; all seeular teaching, even reading, 
 writing, granujiar and arithmetic ought to harmonise with the 
 divine teaching. (}od himself has granted us the incom- 
 ])ai'able gift of speech, he allows us to I'eceive through our 
 eiii's, the ideas and impressions of our fellow men. G(jd has 
 multiplied this gift hy that of writing which speaks to the 
 eyes, and which is the foreiumier of reading. Why then 
 should the word of (jod be 1 inished from the lessons which have 
 foi- their object the peifection of human speech, by studying 
 grammar; and its multiplicatioji by the knowledge of r(>ading 
 and writing. The science of luxmiters would jiot lose of its 
 certitu(h'; if studied in view of the om; who "o/v/r/v;*/ a// 
 "l/iliiffs ill iiienHiiri\ ami mrnihi'r, anil ireuflit." The measure- 
 mtnit of surface and distance is made clear(?r in thinking of 
 the One who made the bounds of the Ocean, the limits of tlie 
 Karth, an<l who gave innnensity to tl»e Heavens. 
 
 There would be less bhisphemii's and impious discourses if 
 the .study of the art of .speaking was made in view of pleas- 
 ing (!od; there would l)e less licentious writing, less dangerous 
 reading if all those who teach were anxious to setison their 
 lessons with the "sulf of ivii^iJoiii" which always gives a celes- 
 tial flavor to all that Ood has given to man for his advantage 
 
11 
 
 'aret'V ma 
 elevation 
 , lie under- 
 lie subniis- 
 ude of the 
 »an passed 
 2 man that 
 est glories, 
 us Cardinal 
 
 d obey our 
 
 to be e<lu- 
 ctly to her 
 useful to 
 le Supreme 
 
 of science 
 ainty. The 
 ■rounds the 
 sweet per- 
 the human 
 ce between 
 
 All know- 
 n readintjf, 
 ise with the 
 :he inconi- 
 hrough our 
 iUnl has 
 aks to the 
 Why then 
 which have 
 y studying' 
 
 of readinif 
 lose of its 
 jrderi'.i/ nil 
 le measure- 
 Dhinking of 
 tnlts of the 
 
 iscour.S(.'s if 
 K of pleas- 
 1 dangerous 
 'ti-son theii- 
 ves a celes- 
 ad vantage 
 
 here behnv, never permitting him to abuse the same, contrary 
 to the happiness wiiich is prepared for him in heaveJi. 'i'liere 
 would be less false accounts, less voluntary errors in weight 
 and measures, if the science of rmmber was taught under 
 christian inspiration. 
 
 Such are the ideas that our Holy Keligion inculcates as 
 elementary and which the Church wishes to see applied in all 
 the schools established for your ehddren These ideas are so 
 certain and so consoling that all good Catholics are anxious 
 to secure ihem, even at the price of the greatest sacritices. 
 These ideas. Our Dearly Leloved Hretliren, are those you en- 
 tertain and are detc^'mined to transmit to your cluldren. 
 Such being our views, let th(! miscreants, infidels and all those 
 who do not know us abuse us if they so desire, this to us is 
 of little importance, what is really important is that you will 
 accomplish j^our duty and that you will look to the religious 
 formation of the intellect, of the heart, of the whole being of 
 your children. 
 
 But the State cannot teach i-eli^ion i>ranted, thouixh it is 
 a vain excuse on tlie part of those who, as we have already 
 shown, take upon themselves to teach or cause others t(> teach 
 Protestantism, and who frame religious exei'cises to be used 
 in schools. VV'r do not ask the State to u'ive relij-'ious teach- 
 ing to your children, on the contrary, we pray that they 
 would abstain from it. What you ask, and what we ask with 
 you is that the State should not forbid the religious instruct- 
 ion you wish to be given to your children when attending 
 school. The StaLe nuist respect the authority po.ssossed l»y 
 parents and allow them to pei'form the duties they ack- 
 nowledge as being imposed l)y Cod himself. 
 
 What is the State according to christian ideas ? If not a 
 power established by Cofl and which conse([uently ought to 
 be exercised in the interest of the same Almighty ( Jod "/o/- 
 "there, is no power hid from (wd, and tlio^:'' tlud are, ore or- 
 "liained of God" ; and that power ismeiely given to men to 
 protect society and its menibei's, and to permit the accom- 
 plishment of the duties prescril)ed to Sovereigns as well as to 
 their subjects, to the governing powers as well as to the 
 governed. "Hear fherefore ye Ki n(/i^ and understand, learn 
 ye that avejadyes of the ends of the Earth." Jesus Christ 
 has secured liberty for the human race, he received the na- 
 tions as an inheritance after having fi'eed the;;i from the caj)- 
 tivity of sin. He lias made us partakers of the liberty of 
 
% 
 
 i<r 
 
 iii!: 
 
 tilt; t'liililrt'ii of ({ml, . 1 im luiiiiaii [lowci' has the rij^'lit to 
 chfck that liberty. 
 
 TIu- State is the Sovereign, ^'ood or liad, just or unjust; it 
 is Cesar, Nero, Constantino, C'harleniain : it is that louij;' enu- 
 niei'ation of men, iUastridiis hy their vidiwx, or ablnn'red. 
 for tlielr vices, who hare borne tlw Imperial Crown. The 
 State, it is the Royal ])()\ver exposed to the alternative of 
 gr«'atness or decay, according to the impulse given by the 
 genius or perversity of those who have carried the sceptre. 
 The State, it is any form of Goveriniient which n'ay elevate 
 nations oi make them pertakers of the misfortunes cau.scid by 
 the faults of tho.se in authority. In a word the State is the 
 public power establi.shed and lecognized. an«l exercised by one 
 or more. To this authority or public power we owe allegiance 
 1»y whomsoever it is exercised, and as the apo.stle says: " Lrl 
 ''ererij soul he fnihjeet to hiijher powers^ The Catholic Church 
 the "highest school of respect to authority" or<lers us all to 
 obey all authority exercised in the limits of their attribution: 
 l)ut if the State comnuinds anything contrary to the laws of 
 God, the Catholic Church answers with Peter and the Apos- 
 tles " We oiufht to obey (lod rather than men." Were it other- 
 wise, it would have been Nero who was right, and his victims 
 Peter and Paul who wei-e wrong, Nero being the State and 
 tlie Apostles refusing to obey the laws of the State which or- 
 dered them to worship the false divinities of the Enqiire and 
 foi'bade the adoration of Jesus Chri.st. If, according to the 
 blind partizanship of human powei-, the State was omnipotent, 
 chi'i.stianity nuist have disappeared or i-ather would never 
 have been preached. The State forbade the preacliing of the 
 Gospel anil the laws of prohibition were such that (.luring 
 centuries, millions of Christians were tortured and killed 
 though guilty of no othei- crime but their resi.stanct; to the 
 crimiiuil retjuirements of the State. Who were in the right ? 
 The executioners or their victims:' Observe, Our JJearly 
 Beloved Brethivn, that if by exception the Church pre- 
 scribed resistance to the law, it is merely when the law is 
 opposed to absolute con.scientious convictions, and that our 
 actioJi is merely passive and never aggressive. " We in nst ren- 
 "der to Cesar the thiiujs that are Cesar's, and when Cesar's 
 law is opposed to that of God, the Church orders us to suffer 
 lather than to obey. Her teaching is that we ought to die if 
 necessary for our faith, but that we can never resort to vio- 
 ]t ice or force. I^egions of .-ioldiers iiecame Cliristians, they 
 continued to light gallantly on the battle held for tlu' integ- 
 
IM 
 
 ihe ri^'lit to 
 
 • unjust; it 
 t lonn' i!nu- 
 r (ihliort'cd 
 inrii. The 
 niiativc of 
 /en by the 
 he sceptre, 
 'ay ehjvate 
 1 caused by 
 ?tate is the 
 ised by one 
 J aHe^^iance 
 says: " Ld 
 lie Churcli 
 
 us all to 
 attribution; 
 /he laws of 
 
 the Apos- 
 
 re it other- 
 
 his victims 
 
 State and 
 
 which or- 
 lni))iie and 
 n<^ to the 
 ninipotent, 
 »uld never 
 ino- of the 
 lat during 
 md killed 
 ice to the 
 the right ? 
 av J)early 
 urch pre- 
 the law is 
 I that our 
 iiiiif>{ ri'H- 
 iu Cesar's 
 s to sutler 
 t to die if 
 art to vio- 
 iniis, they 
 the intcij- 
 
 rity of the Pagan Roman Kmpiie and to i)rotect it against 
 its enemies, but the same legions remained silent and allowed 
 the executioners to slay them in the amphitheatres of Rome 
 to maintain the integrity of their faith, satisfied to defend 
 that same faith in that wa\ against the decrees of proscription. 
 These heroes in the midst of their tortures never ceased to 
 pray for the State, being sure that the blood of the martyrs 
 was tlu' .seed of Christianity, and the seed could not be des- 
 troy eil Ity cruelty. 
 
 The Cesars of old have often enactetl unjust and tyran- 
 nical laws and sanctioned them by cruel and sanguinary 
 peisecution ; the victims have triumphed and in many in- 
 stances have converted their ])ersecutor.s. The State in our 
 motlern societies, in spite of the control imposed upon it does 
 not alwa^'s banish from its laws injustice and even a certain 
 oppression. The ages of gibbets and wild beasts being past, 
 the torture is replaced by conti.scation, tine and taxes: and this 
 is oUserved in countries which otherwise justly boast of their 
 lilierties. 
 
 As our 1^'athers in faith, let us pray for tho.se who per- 
 secute us; show yourselves patient and dignified; be ready t(j 
 sutler for yo«ir i-eligion and to bear all the burdens iiecessary 
 to continue to .secure for your children the lilessing of a chris- 
 tian e<lucation. 
 
 For these rea.sons and the Holy name of God being in- 
 \oked, we have decided and ordained and b\' these present 
 decide and ordain as follows: 
 
 1. When the rubric i>ermits, all the pi'icsts of the Aich- 
 dioce.se will add to the prayers (jf the daily mass the collect, 
 etc. I'ro qaaativupu: ueccni'iituU'.. 
 
 2. All the members of the religious communities, not being 
 liriests, will weekly a.s.sist at one mass and offer one of their 
 coninuuiions to beg of God that He may help us to maintain 
 our schools. 
 
 li. In every family, at least once a week, the ro.sary shall 
 be recited to obtain that parents may l»e enabled to continue 
 to give a christian education to their children. 
 
 4. The above rules will be observed from the reception of 
 the.se present letters until Christinas eve. 
 
 '}. During the months of October and November the 
 nbove mentioned intentions will be added to tho.se generally 
 followed during the devotional exercises prescribed for the.se 
 two months of fervor an<l grace. 
 
14 
 
 May the Holy ^)ui'Oii of tlic luwaiy; may tlie Holy Souls 
 of puigatory join tlieir solicitations to ours to ohtaiii tho 
 favors we implore. 
 
 Tht! pj-esent Pastoral shall ho read in all Parochial 
 Churches and other places of public worship, as well as 
 in_ the chai)ters of all reli<riuus couiniunities the first Sunday 
 after its reception. 
 
 (liven at St. Boniface, in our Archiepisci>pal residence, 
 under (jur seal and sioiiature and that of our Secretary, this 
 fifteenth day of August, A. D. I8!>(), on the festival day of 
 the Assumption of the IJIessed Virgin Mary. 
 
 i^ Alex. Arch, of St. Boniface, 
 U^- ^•] 0. M. I. 
 
 By command of His Grace the Aichliishop of St. Boniface. 
 
 Eli E Ro( AN, Priest, 
 
 Secretary. 
 
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