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IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-S)
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1.25
ISiMU |25
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140
m
1.4
— 6'
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Photographic
Sciences
Corporation
23 WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580
(716) S72-4503
■£'
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CIHM/ICMH
Microfiche
Series.
CIHIVI/iCMH
Collection de
microfiches.
Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiquas
^
Tachnical and Bibliographic Notaa/Notaa tacliniquat at bibliographiquaa
Thae
tothi
Tha Inatituta haa attamptad to obtain tha baat
originai copy avaiiabia for filming. Faaturaa of thia
copy which may ba bibllographically '^inlqua,
which may aKar any of tha imagaa In tha
raproduction. or which may aigniflcantly changa
tha uaual mathod of filming, ara chackad balow.
D
D
D
D
D
Colourad covara/
Couvartura da coulaur
r~n Covara damagad/
Couvartura andommagAa
Covara raatorad and/or laminatad/
Couvartura raataurAa at/ou pailiculAa
□ Covar titii) miaaing/
La
titrc da couvartura manqua
I I Colourad mapa/
Cartaa gAographiquaa an coulaur
□ Colourad ink (i.a. othar than blua or black)/
Encra da coulaur (i.a. autra qua blaua ou noira)
I I Colourad plataa and/or llluatrationa/
D
Planchca at/ou llluatrationa an coulaur
Bound with othar matarial/
RailA avac d'autraa documanta
Tight binding may cauaa ahadowa or diatortion
along intarior margin/
La reliura aarrie paut causar da I'ombra ou da la
diatortion la Iftng da la marga IntAriaura
Blank laavaa addad during raatoratlon may
appaar within tha taxt. Whanavar poaaibia, thaaa
hava baan omittad from filming/
II aa paut qua cartainat pagaa blanchaa ajouttea
lora d'una raatauration apparaiaaant dana la taxta,
maia, ioraqua cala Atait poaaibia, caa pagaa n'ont
paa 6H filmiaa.
Additional commanta:/
Commantulraa aupplAmantairaa;
L'Inatitut a microf ilm4 la maillaur axamplaira
qu'il lui a 4t4 poaalblo da aa procurar. Laa ditaiia
da cat axamplaira qui aont paut-Atra uniquaa du
point da vua bibliographiqua. qui pauvant modlfiar
una imaga raproduita, ou qui pauvant axigar una
modification dana la mithoda normala da filmaga
aont indiquAa ci-daaaoua.
r~n Colourad pagaa/
D
Pagaa da coulaur
Pagaa damagad/
Pagaa andommagAaa
Pagaa raatorad and/oi
Pagaa raataur^aa at/ou palliculAaa
Pagaa diacolourad, atainad or foxat
Pagaa dAcoioriaa, tachat^aa ou piquAaa
Pagaa datachad/
Pagaa ditachAaa
Showthroughy
Tranaparanca
Quality of prir
Quaiit* in^gala da I'impraaaion
Includaa aupplamantary matarii
Comprand du material aupplAmantaira
Only adition avaiiabia/
Saule Mition diaponibia
r~1 Pagaa damagad/
j~n Pagaa raatorad and/or laminatad/
r~7| Pagaa diacolourad, atainad or foxad/
r~r| Pagaa datachad/
r^ Showthrough/
|~n Quality of print variaa/
n~| Includaa aupplamantary matarial/
r~~| Only adition avaiiabia/
Thaii
poaail
of thi
fiimin
Origir
bagin
tha la
aion,
othar
firat r
aion,
or illu
Thali
ahall (
TINUI
whicr
IMapa
diffari
antirf
bagin
right
raquii
math(
Pagaa wholly or partially obacurad by errata
alipa, tiaauaa, ate, hava baan rafilmad to
anaura tha baat poai ibia imaga/
Laa pagaa totalamant ou partiallamant
obacurciaa par un fauillat d'arrata. una palura.
ate. ont AtA filmAat A nouvaau da fapon k
obtanir la maillaura Imaga poaaibia.
Thia itam is filmad at tha raductlon ratio chackad balow/
Ca document est filmA au taux de reduction indiquA ci-deaaous.
10X
14X
18X
22X
26X
30X
V
12X
16X
20X
a4X
28X
32X
Th« copy filmed her* has b««n r«produc«d thanks
to tha ganarosity of:
Library,
G«ologieai Surviy of Canada
L'axamplaira film* fut raproduit grAca 6 la
gAnArositi da:
BibliothAqua,
CommiNion Qfologiqua du Canada
Tha imagas appaaring hara ara tha bast quality
possibia considaring tha condition and lagibility
of tha original copy and in Itaaping with tha
filming contract spacifications.
Original copias in printad papar covars ara filmad
beginning with tha front covar and anding on
tha last paga with a printad or illustratad impras-
sion, or tha bacli covar whan appropriate. All
othar original copias ara filmad beginning on the
first page with a printed or illustrated impres-
sion, and anding on the last page with a printed
or illustratad Impression.
Les images suivantas ont M raproduites avac la
plus grand soin, compte tenu da la condition at
da la nattatA da I'axempiaira film*, et an
conformity avac las conditions du contrat da
filmaga.
Les exemplairas originaux dont la couverture en
papier est imprimte sont filmAs an commenpant
par la premier plat at an terminant soic par la
darn-Are paga qui comporte una emprainte
d'Intprassion ou d'illustration. soit par la second
plat, salon la cas. Tous las autras exemplairas
originaux sont filmAs an comman9ant par la
premlAre paga qui comporte una emprainte
d'imprassion ou d'illustraticn et en terminant par
la derniAre paga qui comporte una telle
empreinte.
The laat recorded frame on each microfiche
shall contain the symbol — *• (meaning "CON-
TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"),
whichever applies.
Un dea symboies suivants apparattra sur la
darnlAre image de cheque microfiche, salon la
cas: la symbols -^ signlfie "A SUIVRE", le
symbols V signlfie "FIN".
Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at
different reduction ratios. Those too large to be
entirely included in one exposure are filmed
beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to
right and top to bottom, as many frames as
required. The following diagrams illustrate the
method:
Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent dtre
film6s A des taux de rMuction diff^rents.
Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre
reproduit en un seul clichA. il est film* d partir
da I'angle supirieur gauche, de gauche d droite.
et de haut en bas, lan prenant le nombre
d'images nicessaire. Les diagrammes suivants
illustrant la m6thode.
1
2
3
32X
1
2
3
4
5
6
Si:<TioN II . 1XS4.
1 55 I
Trans 1{oy. Sue Canvda.
V._77h. Ibn-on-lnr.nis of Com.l". a Tijpiral Hare of Amrnn,,, Ahoni/inrs.
n, Damk,, Wn-soN, UAr. FH.SK.. I'lvsul.-nt of T'niv.rsily ("nil.-... Tnn.uto.
1„ a ,,r,.vi„u» ..o„„n„„i.»li.„ )„■ l;..y»l S,.. iwy ..ri'..,.,l. 1 mO.,,,,,,..! sou,.. ...,..■...:
» li;i„.li.-...„..us A,„..ri. u..k up..,, « .lu,iu.. ,1,.. I-. .1,- »,ul ;, I-" •-■'"•■
,li,,l, ,■...,.> ..r H„r...... "..I "i.lu.ul », ,.,l.....us ,vM,Us, u,.u ,„.,,.,».. ...gl,,„.,.
,;." ,.„. „„.4 , lu,n„ ,..ris„. ,„...» ..f ,!,.■ Au,..,i. «„ .i^i"- -!„. W u,.|-«.s. ,,....,■..,„
, i , „.u „»,ii,i..„s, „. 1 f camuii-. ""■-- •• ""'I "'''•''' - ■""■ ";'i>;":'»"'.i'™"-'' "'
;:!,„;„„;;„ .',.: l . i.,i,„> .-., ., u,i ....,>i,i.nui » i- -""> •"•■ '■■"""'■■'' """•■
' 1' w:;:'t.,„,v »,„.„„„.... n,.. n.„s„„i„.» ..y .i„. 1. 1 ...v.. ,...„ 1...1 .« ;";;•;;-!:;;;
„,„ ,|„„„..|,.H,l 11,.. «-l,..l.. N..v,l, .\",.'".»" ■""*'"•■<"■ "■"'■'""■ A,v,„...,vl,.., ,l,..M..x„,u
u ;„,. iu,> 1 ,v...v..,.-.i ..r .1,.. iuvv,.."» ■■— ">""- "■- I ;•■'>•
I"" - '^ . . . • , ii,., •• I'li.iiictlu'us o .liSiivlus. Imt all a\iiii-
E;£H'E=H£:;"!::,:l,:-;:f:;t —
th.« \\lu.l. .11. .1.1 I .,!• ,],..;, .101,.' n.-ii. ..Kill.' lulini-thr manu.'Mtan
,,„„M„.^ a,ul ":„nu. H,!-. '^^I' ' - , U. .>....r,„...l ul.-:, ..r .I,-- •■•l»"-l """■"""">■
„„« II,.. 1,... u„u„i,„-,i f.-s'ii. ^" ^""' „,„,, „„ir„,„, .,,.1
as amoim- Uioso \vh<. liad t.i< UHK ^' •' " i„.lu..ii(m ..l' ih-- author of •('vania
,.s...l. Ii-as.h..u..s.iuu«or.,untana..onn.n0.nsn . ,^,^^_^ ^^^^^^^^^^,^
.s tlu. IVuit of his .■onsr,..n<unis ,vs.a,vh.> ...... n- . n a, ^
Anu.n..ana.- as .W .,•.... o - -- -- ■;.,:,; ^,, ,,,.,„,,.. ,„. ,.ss u..h..sita,i..,ly
or '• l„ai.4.'.,ous Ka.vs .. th.. harlh an I . .^.^,,^ ,.^„.,, „„,.,„, „ul .no.!.,... ov.r
afllvm.'.! that • icU'i.ti.al .hamcl.rs luM-vadoall th. Am.
;Wi
DANii'i, WILSON (i\ 'I'lii; iiii.'ov ii;()<,»r()is ok
/
\ '
I
the W hull' t nlllilli'lll. Ill llll> lll.\ WiTf Ml-I;lilli(l \>\ ill'' ll iu:ll ilUl liolit \ nl' A liUssi/, \V Iio,
a It IT iiisi iis>iiiL:' in lii» ' I'ldvinrcv ol ili.' Animal World, ami lln-ir relation loTv m'Nuj' Man,"
ilif la II 11 :i 1 MM I liar Id i lie \iii.ri.aii rdiiiiiKiit iiinl imiiii iiii; <nii I lie iiiiieli yr-'aler iiiiilnriiiity
oT ll> lial llial liViului llnll.>. W lini lls I \\ in < nllllllelllr. ale eon I paled \\ it ll llnoe uT (lie ea^lelll
lieUli.>.|tlle|e. ihll* Mllllllieil ll|) llh' lev|||l ,,[ \\\- 1 li \ e>t li^al lolls : Willi lliese lael.s iM'jore
US. we iiiav exjieii liiai lliep' .".Imulil 1" 11" uieai du ei>iiy anions I lie irilie-. of mail iiilialtil-
iii.: iliis 1 oiiiiiieiii ; and indeed llieinnvi e\iiiiNi\ ,• in\ e-ii._i;il ion ol llieir peiuliai ilies liax
leii |lr Morion in eon^ider ili'in a> • lOi-iii iiiiiiL; I'lil a ^iii'jle rare. iVom ih.' c ontin.'^ nl tli-'
l']sijiiiniaii\ <io\\ h ic) llh' >oiii||.iiiiiioN| , xlr«>iiil \ ol i li nl iiieiil. I>ul. al the same lime.
it should lie reiiieiiiltered thai. Ill aei ordaiiee will) ihe /ocdoiiieal I'liaraitir ol llie whole
realm. I lii^ raee i> diviiled nilo an inliiiile iiumhei i.T .•.mall Irihes, presi'iiliiitj: more or h'ss
dillei'in. " one JVom aiioiliev.' li was natural nud reasoi' .Me that the men of the .six-
leeiiili i.iitnry should helieve III Calihan^. or l!w aipaiioma. " ilie A iilhroixiidiaui. and men
w hos,. 1, ji'N do L^rnw It. Ilea ill their shouldei'> ' Anii'rii a was in t hem. in the mo.sl liti'ral
sense. :inoih''r wiiiid and ii was easier lor tlein t.i think of ii as |(eo|ded with sueh
iiionsiio>iiir^. 1 hail wiili human liein'js '•' iiiir.solv''> Hiu it is eiiriims to note in this
HilH'ti'i'lllh eellMll\ ihe lillLleri lliT t raeev i' iji.. nhl s.'lltimeiil . aild to see men of seieuee
siill lindiiiLi it dilii.uli in iiiiaiicipat.' ih.i. -Ives l.nm the idea that this eoiitineiil is so
e--.iiiiall\ aiinihrr wnrjd, that it js in.oi, ivaMe t,. th,iii ihal the raees hv whieh it is
peopled >hould iirar any alliiiiiy to iliem> Ives or to oilier^ oj ih.' old world. Ainerieaii
eihno|ni>isis Iniiii- eliiiii;' to the idea I'T an e>>e iiial!\ di.siiiiri iudiiieiious raee; and Itr. Xotl,
Pr. M. iof-. and oiher in\e-ii;:atn!> wehmn- <1 e\ ery > oiilirniaiion of the view ol' l)r Morton
■'- to til riipaimn of the whole Aiiierie;,ii loniiient l.\ one pe. uliar l\p<' from wliieli
alniie ih,. |>kiiiin wi'ii' to he r\e,|i|,.(|. a> all imiiuirraiii element, po'^^ildv a<eordin<r
to th>' illi^eiiiou^ >,»'. Illation- of nm- dlslin'..;uisl|ed >lii(h'nl of seieuee, -of l-i'lllotesl
l-iirnp.aii aiiiiipntx. ri'o|e-.>nr Iluxlev in an adihev- |.. ih,. I'lthiioloirieal Soej.'iy in
ls,;:i. Mi--esi> h\|ioihetieallv. th'il th" nl,l M.'xi.an and .^ouih Aiiierieaii raees represent
ihr true .\m.-ne;ni ,-io. k : and that ih.' h'.'.l Imliaii- oj \nrili \iiieriea mav lie the prodiiet
ofaii nii.'rmixmr.' of ihe indmeiinu> naii\(' ra^ e w it h i he llski It i- iiotic .'alile. at any
vale, thai iie.iily all w'ileis. ho w e \ er w id'l y dllleriie^ nil other points. f(dlow lliimholdt
111 elas>inii- the I'.-kimn apart as a disiinri i\|„. j|,. ivniarks in his |irefaee lo his
•• Amerieall lo— ar. h,-..' that -ex.. pi tllos.. whirh holder the pnlar eirele, the lialiolls of
Am.ii. a Iniiu a Hii-h' ri.e . hara' len/ed hv the jormation of ihe skull, the eolniir of the
skin, ihe exiiviii,. i|,i!in.'>- nf ll,.' heard, and lie' virai-hl. -•lns>\ hair,'' Some of the ehara.-
'••ri-ir- .Ini- noted ar.- iiiidniihie.liv w id. I\ pie\ al.'iii : l.ui i li.' head-l'oriii, or - lormaiion
ol ih.' -kiill ■ i- 111., inns! •iii|>nriaiit and a , aiejul .mni-arison of the skulls of dili'ereiit
I'll..'- ha> loi,M Mil. e modilied the npjninn . \pr...s,.,l h\ 111,, .ji.al IniwUer and reasserted
h\ di-liii'jiiished \m.ri. Ill eilnmlnMivis
'" i''ilil\- \\"i'' ill" iM'i'al l.'.'itiiie mn.i niM-i.d nii a- miix.'rsal a- il wasas.-iinied
'" '"' " ^^■""''' lii'iii-h III.' -iinii-.-i ar.jiini.'iil j'..r . lasMl'yin- the pi,.dominaiit Asiatie
■""^ ^""•'■' 'M'"- ■'- Ml ill'' points app.al.'.l t,, Mi.j.jest allinil\ to ih'' .\siati.'
^'""-"' ''"' '"'lii- 111" <'Miia'li.in r.'i'". In whi'h att''nti'>n is li-re spi..iallv din'-ted.
pi'S'iils a snikiie^ .x. 'ptiniu aii'l it is d'',M'r\ in- "f not i,'. ijial t he d()lieli(.''<'phali.' head-
T.\|«'S .,f Miiiikiii.l. |). LM'l
• ANAMA. A TVlMi'Ai. l£A( K ol' AMKIIK AN A iJOK'Kil.N'KS.
.17
lorin is Mill iiiil\ I liiii.i. iiri>iii <i|' iIk- lliirnii-liiiijiiiiis ^loiU ; Imi h i> pi-v ;iliiil in nilnis
ol llif iiKitlnTM iiilnv It'i uLiiii/iiii: :i i(>ir<'>i>nii(li'iiri', in llii.- ;iiiil oilni- ii'si>i'( !•<, I)ri\\..n
till' Al'ji'Mkin- iiu<l li<Mjiini>. ulia Innu' <livi(lcil l»i| u II till 111 ; In- mca nf I'pinr mnl Lowri
('aiiii(l:i mill ill.' iKljii' .111 w.si.TU Ifiiiiorv . I)r r/illiain r.'inark> : 'Tli.' ir<M|Uiiis and
AI'^'oiiKiiis .xliil.ii ill ill.' niosi typi.al I'oriii ih.' . liarii.'ii'iisti.'s of Iji.' N.mIIi Am.ri.an
Indians as .'xliilnl.'.! in tli.' .'arli.'sl il.'s.iiplioiis, and ar.' lln' Iwn tainiii.'s n|).)ii wlii.li
til.' .HIT. 11 1 111.11..11- r.'^i".'. tiii'j ill.' piiysioirnntnv . lial>ils, and moral and inli-llf. tnal pow .'vs
of ill.' s(.-iiill.'tl J{.'d iia.c ar.' . lii.'lly r.mnti.'d." ( M' llic i'orni.'r, Mr I'arkinaii \\lii> lias
.sindi.'d lli.'ir lali-r liislory willilli.- iiiinnl.'sl .ar.'. savs ; ' '11 liiis r.'iiiarkaM.' ianiil) '>!'
trilt.'s oriiir ill.' I'lilL'^l d.'\ .Liinncnls of Indian .liara.t.'r, and lln' nio>i .(inspj. uoiis
t'Xainpli's ol' Indian iiii.'lli>_rcnic If ili.' hi'jlu'r traits i)oi>ularly asirihcd l.i lli.' ra..' ar.'
)i.>l \n Ih' I'lniml li-r.', ih.'V ar.- lo l..- rmiiid nowli.'r.'. ' '
Till' Ir.KpKiis w.r.'an important Itrajuli ul' ih.' u'ri'al sto.k wlii.li iinludi'd also llir
lluroiis. or Wyandi.ls, ih.' naliv.' liisluri.al ra.i' of Canada. Hut dividi'd as ih.- two wiri'
Ihroimlnmt ili.' \vli.>l.' p.ri.id u| l^'riii. li Canadian Iji.story by tin- liittrnst aniasronism. it is
ronvi'ui.'iil lo -p.ak of tli.'iii und.'r lli.- .■.•nipinind ti-rm nl' Ifiiron-lnxpiois ; and Id lli.'
spi'.'iai liislory .'i'lliis mdi'^.'ii.iUs .-i... k. with lii.' uiori' 'ji'iii'ral suiiu'.'slions promplr<l liv
tli.'ir i>.'. iiliar rliara.t.'risti.> as a lypiral ran' nf Anii-rican al).iriiiini's. alti'iilinii is li.r.'
rlii.'lly dii'.'. t.'d In d.>iiiL:' s.i it is d.'siraltlr iml niily In not.' tlo' pli\ sj.al u'.'<i^"rapli\ ol' lln'
••ountry whi. h ili.'y m . npi.'.l. as a r.'Liinii nl' I'on'st and laki's ; Inil, still niorr. lo k..')) in
view this la. I as a prrdominant iliara.t'.'rislir ol tin- ronlinriit, and as oiii' imi>orIaiii lailnr
in tin- rvolulinii ol' w liair\.'r »nay s.-i'in ti> In- inTuliar in tln' ahoriii'iiirs ol' North .Vnirri.a.
'111.' I'll'.'. Is ri'snliiii'j I'rnm lli.' pliysi.'al I'l-aturi-s of a .oiinlrv. on tin' di'Vi'lo|imi'nl and
j(no'i-rL!ati<>n. ..r int. 'rill- iidiiiL:'. ol' its ra.i's .an nowln'rc hi' wisi'ly o\ rrlook.'d. Mv.'ii wiih-
iii 111.' narrow liiiiils ..f ih.' I!riii-h Inlands ilir inllui'ii.i's of mountain and low lands, ol'
the I'l'rtil.' sir.'li hi's ol' K.nl and 1 In- vall.y of iho Tham.'s, tin' I'l'iis of Lin. dlnsliir.'. ih.'
moorlands ol N.irtlininhria. and lli.- Wi'lsli andS.'otiish Iliu'hlands, ha\ .■ larii'.'ly .ontrihiiti'd
to till' .'iidiiran..'. if ii.it in som.- di-iir.'.' to tin- (h-vclopmcnl, ol' I'thni.al dislin. lions ; as
th.'V ha\.' iiij.l.iuhi.'dly h.'.n ili.- .hi. 'I' .s.nir.c not only of thr p.'rp.'tualioii. hui of liic
iniiltipli. alimi o|' <li\ .'rsii i.s in laiiiiMiaiii'
In tins ii'sp.'.l Mriiain !•» an .'pilonii' ol' Kiirojn'. willi its i^roat mountain raiiu'i's. and
di'ta. Ii.d pi'iiiiisulas, l(V iiu'ans of wlii'li ra. rs havo h.'cii isolati'd wilhiii Wi'll-drliiird
an-iis. and ihcir laiiiiuaii'.'s and olh.'r disiin.iiv.' pr. tiliarilirs l)rl'Sl'r^•l'd. U'ussia .'ilon.'. of
all I'luropi'iiii loiiiiiri.'s. pr.'si'iils aiialoLi'ii's to C.'iitral .\sia as a r.'Ljioii lavouraM.' lo
imniailii' 111'.' ; and 111 so far a> ils hi-lorv dill'i'rs from thai of ili.' .■oiiiin.'iil ai laru'.'. it
ati'oids Willi siiih pliysiral .oiiditions. Throimhoiii ih.- whol.' hislori.' ii.'iio.l, as douhl-
li'Hs in pji'liisiori.' lini.'s. ill.' L^r.'ai iliain of inounlains ri'a.'hinii' from tlu' wi'si.tii spur
of till' I'vii'iii-'s to ilii' lialkaiis has iiillui'in'i'd l"]urop.'an pi'oi>'ri'ss ; wliih' llu' . hi.f iiavi-
•jahl.' riv. 1. I h.' Ilaiiiili.'. ira\ .'rsinu' llir roiiliiU'iil llir(»uiih oiir uiiil'onii l.'iup.'ial.' /on.',
has I. '11 1 1< 'I I si ill full Inr lo I li.' p.'rp.'tualioii of ciTtain disliii(li\ I' I'llmi.al ihara.ti'ristirs in
ci'iilral and souih.rn I'luropi". In all ils most imjtorlaiit a'l'ograplii.al fratuii's, ilu'
I 111' .Irsiiit.M ill N'Mrlli .\iiirii< a, p. I;;
S.'.'. If., 18.>M. H.
i
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i.\\ii I. \vii,>«)N ON riii: iiii;«»\ ii:<M,ti .»i> ov
I
li,.|-lll.iii ...iiliii.'iil ..r \!ii-vi.:i |M.-'iii> :i "-liikiii'J ...iili.iM I.' Ilii- \:i i-.^,,!.-. Ill-
ailirlr Willi ils l.;l>.' Wlllllll ;ll'' \ivll. ni, I,. II l;i|M.|.s I.. :, ll;.ll..\\ l^ll.lllll- ln\\MI.|> ill.'
,.,|„.,|,,| ll> ;>iv;il IllollllLlIM ili:illl lUil-ll.'Ill I IiIum.UIIi, .ill. I III l|.;i I pi . • \ I 111 1 1 \ I..
il,,. i'„ ,ii, .-..iiM , aii.l II- . 111.! ii.i\i'j:il.l.' n\.i-. iiMiii; w I Ml I II ..III ..\\ iiCiiii.i.lhiii 1».. mill inn.
ami IV .u I Mi: ii- ii- 1 1 iImiimils miIi.i ii\.t> «li:iiiiiiin \ :i.«.i ivui..iin,.ii nlli.r li:iii<l. Irnv.TM's
IWCIllV il.".'l..'> t'l l.ililinl.' li.'li.lV 11 iva.llrs ill. (lull .'I M.M..' AllMlll.T r:i!ii!f ol
lii'jlilaii.N ;i-'> i.'uai.js lli.' Alliiiili' mi.-K.kikI. ami l.-iiii- ll a»|.i ii I'.nimlai y .'I tlf
Liivat iiil.ll.T l-lalii I'.iil ill' All.'i:!ialil.- or \|«i'ala liiaii >\>l.lii ..l imiiiiilalli-., llmli-jli
lll.>\ liia\ I..' >a!ii 1" .•M.'ll.l ll.'lii ill.' >l Law I'll' . l'< ill'' M'M' all (illll II-.' ..Ill \ a I a j.'W
jMlllI-. a> 111 ill'' Willi.' M..illilalii> '.r N.'W llaiiip-lili. \<< aiis ^ival -L'X .,1 luii. Tlicy
r..riii lalli.T a 1..IIL;- I'lai.'aii. ml. i>.'. i''<i I'S u ulf \ :ill''> - . ;iii'l >" <li\.r>ir> lli.' Iaml>.ai..'.
Willi. ml . (iii>iiiiiiiii'j -iroiiiih tl'liii.'il liai rii'r> <ir liii.'- i»l' •liiii.ii'kali.Hi .\> a w Imli', lli.'
,,,ii Ill .■! N..iili Aiii"!!' a. .a-iwai.l lioiii ill'' Iv'.'lv) M .ilii I ai ii-. iiia\ 1..' .1.'-' I iL.'d as a
l.\.', '".'a. -■> .»ii'jlilU iii'.'lili-'.l \>\ :iii\ .'l.'val.'.l i'"ii"ii- I lii.-ii'j li..iil ll- w li"l.' cxl "Ml , IVoiii
ill' Ai'ii. 1 in 1" i.. ill'' liiill "I M' \i ■.'. a- i"i i«r.'-«'iii ii" imi'.'ilim.'iii to ihc \\ aiiili'i'iiiu-N
,,|' iiuiiiaili. ml"- ll 1- L... :1a. .'.! Willi I'u.'i-. all. I ili\ .'i-ilii'tl i'\ .'r\ w luTc w nil iaki's,
alik.' a\ lilal'l.' I.ii' iia\ i'jaii'iii ainl :..r Ji-liim: . aii.l. uiiiil ili' iiiiiii>i(m .-I iliiruii.'aii imiiii-
.jiaiii- i;- l<'i''-l> ami i>i;iiM.'- alu .iiii.l'.l Willi 'jam.' In in .'\. .-- .i| ill.' wauls nl ||>
l„i|Milaii..ii Mv i'r\ iIiiiil: lim- l.'ml.'<l i" |..i [..iiiai.' ili mliii'm ..l mmiadi. liiiiihT
irili'"- Till- -\.\'jf III iiain.' Aiik'M. an lii-imx in.'\ iial>l\ tlr.w l.. a . l<i>.' uikI.t iIh'
iiitln.'ii. .' .'I liiir.>|..'aii iii-iii iilioiis an<l .'i\ ili/alimi : Inti il i> iiiti-i'.'.-.iiii:' lo mil.', llial
ill. >aiii.' ali-'ii '"I aiiv w .11 d. 'lim "I L!''i"j'ia|iliii al limilal i..ii- nl' ar. a. wlii.li Ii'IkIciI |i>
|i.'i|i.'i Hal.' I ll'' ii'iiiia.li' lialiil> .'I ill'' .>>a\a2>' liii- anl'.l III . .>ii-i'l nlal iiiLi' iIm' '_!icat I'lUi-
t'. il.'ia' \ I'l ill. I nii'il Slal.'-. ami maiiilaiiiiiiL: an .iliiii.al an. I |>.iliii'al . onlurmii v
i!i:..ii'jli..iii ill'' N.'iili Am.'ii.aii . ..HI iii.'iii in -iiikiii'.' ..niiia-l lo lli.' ili\ .i-il if- in ra.'c
,,ii<l I". Ill 1' al iii-i iiuii..ii- III i'iiir.iii.
lli-l..r'i ami m.l i\ .' Iia.lili.'ii- aliU>' . .'iilli in i li.- i.l.a l lial ili.' \ all.'V '>! I Ih' Si I<a\\ r.'ii.r
w a- ill" lialiHal ..| I !i.' 1 1 111'. .11-1 ri..jii' .i- -I. I. K a- In La. k a- «'\ hl.'ii. .• . an !>.' a|'|>i'al.'<l I... Tin-
11 U!'"ii I la.li! I'.ii- i.'ll ..f a I iiii.' w li'ii I ll'' l'iii\ III' " (i| l^iii.'li.'. wa- lli.' Imm.' ..I ill.' ra.'o
.•a-l w ai'l 1'. ill -'a w liiL' ill..-.' ..| I 111'.'.' a i La.-i n| 1 li.- m.-nilci's . .| ili.' Iii.(|iiui> . oiili'd.Ta.y
in 1 'i:.'ii.laiy la.-lii.'ii . laim.'.l lli.-ir I'liili lifin i li.' -..il .-oinli .>! lli.' iin-al ri viT \V lini lln-
i'"r«'ii' ll .'NpLii'Ts iiml'T ill.' I.'ail.'i-liiii .'I Ja. (|ii"- < 'ail lt lir.-l >'iil.'i'.'<l tli.' Si. (..awri'iicc,
i!i l.'i^i.". !li''y r.'uml al Sia.ia. "ii.' ami il... li.'la'j.i llnoM iial i\ <• < i\ i.' mI>'- imw ni-i'iiiiird
l.\ ill. "11 1.'- ..rnii.'li'. am! M'.iiir. al a [.. .piilai i..ii ai.|..ir. nl l\ ..I i li.' II iii"ii-lr. ..jmii> .-lock ;
ami. Ill -"lai- ,1- !.'li,iii. .' iiiav ll.' pki' .'.I "II I li''ir I ia.liii..n-.( 'ana.la wa- ill. II |.. ij.nl..ii> I linniuli-
I'l 1 1 III'- \\ ii'.l'' \ all.'V I.I ill. Si Law I'. II. .' w nil imln-i ri'.ii- iiai i\ .• in I).'-, i In' ri'|>ri'M'iilalivi'.'<
I. la iM' '■ iliai li.iil ... . ii|.i.'.l ill. -aiii'' I''l:I"Ii Im iiii n iinili.r.'.l . .'iil iirii .-. ■S.'iiii' liimil'iil
lal'- ..l i. -Uii.i iial III ll ..ri'jiii rr..iii i!i.' Inaii i.la iii.>uiiiain . ol'a iiiii^'ral inn In ill'' I'a.stcni
s''a-l>.ia!'l . ami "I a -ul.-''i jii''iii i.iiiin 1.. ill.' ...iiiiirv i.l ill.' lak.'- ami ri\.'is. wlirrc
ili.\ llnall; -.iil.'.l. ' i.iiipri-.'. -a\- l'>i"w ii.'ll. iii..-i ihai i- iml i.i'al.l.' in 111.' iiativi'
l.",iiliii..ii- .'I ill'' Six .Naiii'ii- i>i'i..i I" ill.' L'laml . "ii l.'.l.'ial i'.ii " I'.iil 111.' \alili'
I'l -ll' !i I la. Ill I. dial \ I laii-iui — i.iii 'iT I'ali'.iial lii-l..i'\ aimiii'.' iiiil''ll.'r.'il Irilc.s lia.s
ri'.ii\'.l i.'i'.-ai.'il . I'liliriiiali'iii , ami ili. in. i.l.'iiis "I iln-ir u\vu ram"U.>! loayilf, peTjn;-
'J hf li.'liall llil'i"' "1' NmiII, ^iii.l SmiiIIi AlJi.Ti. II. ],. L'V.,
<AXAh.\, A lYI'MAL H\r\'. oF AMKUK'AN AllolIKilNi:
ny
tllllti'il willl < j)'. l|l|l>iMllli;iI lllillllt
iii>> ill till' Inulil imis III ilii' lrii(|iini>. nr ic^i'jiKiMi
ii|.i.;iiviMly III il iiilirr liiiir III' 111., liri.riiili ..■iiiiiiN TI I.I. r .•v.iii ..T llir .,\,t.
llll..\V ..f ill.. Alll.jrW i. Ill ill.. Olli.. \.,1|..V. ..! ulli.ll III. I. |... II. I. Ill l|i,.lili.,||;,l I i.l>
''■'^' ' '" li:iii«li'<l <l.'\Vii l.y ilii' 1,1'iiiii Li'ii;i|M., ..i D.^lawan's. .hhI lis' lli.. Ii
iinni"is,
Is li.||..\ ...i I,
il\ a-Ni-jiial,],. ii, 11 ,1
il.' Il.':il'l\ .'iilll ilil {ii>ral|i.iil|s \\\
'I
III III
^i"-'""!''!"" "I ill.' iMiliiniu ..I l.r.iual.ja i.r ih.. I!i.|.iar. li\ l.\ i'l^jliirt ..| \V..v>..x. i|
iii.'iii.n.il.l.. >i,.,. Ill il,,. ri|vi,,|| ,,|- iiMiii.ii-" h.,i irr.alK iimr.. iiiitiiii'iaiit
lial
ilian iliiiNi>
i| III.' Iiiiiii
jll.il- lia..'l|.., lililil lj|..i|. ili\isj.i||> III >| 1
1 all. I |...lil\ \vi.|i' I'llai I'll III ll
Ilia! iii'i'jiii li'iiiii |||i>
"llill\ III ihr I'Ji'jIinIi j.,...|.|,. \> 1., ll,.. Ian. il'iil lali' nl a ■.ii|,..i'iial
'"•■I" "I " I lam.' II 1^ viii,|,ly a lll.'ial |-..||il..|-i ii'i ..I' ll |.| (i|....k lii.'ia | ili..|- ..I' ll
aiili. Iillii.ii.'s, i.r . liildi'.ii i.l'ili,. -..il. >\ iiil.nl i/...| l,\ i li.- Al Iniiiaii^ Wi'aiiii'j' ill.' Liias-l
ill llii'ir liair : ami i> li\ im iiii'aiis jm. uliar in ill" Irinjunis. Mi I Imai ... 1 |a|. .|..| i\ .il I
|n|>|i.'l'
M
iimIi'I'i.ii'j, an '.|«l
W
\ all
mni
iiiniiil illli'l III.. ^I..l\. a> liari'al...| In liiiii \.\ lli.' IIiii.hi-. n|
Lnr.lli'. Tl|..y l.mk liiin lir -aiil In a i nl.iin. ami slmuid liim il |i.iiin.j in ii- -nli-
li'iMii w lii'ih i. ill.' |iin.j..iiiini V nl ill.' |i..(ii>|.' . iin .f^ . ., | \\ I : . . 11 ili'.v lir^i .am.. ..in ..| ili..
^i'"iiii"l ' Til.' l:ii.. Iliir.iii < liirl raliniiri'inli.'. or l''iam ni-. \a\ iiT I'i. anl, ...miiiiiiii.ai.il
I" '111' ill'' s:j||I.' li'.Ji'llliai'V ll'aillllnll nl |||,' j IH 1 i'j ..llnlls ( iI'Il: i 11 ol ll !> ] ii'ii| i|i' ; I ■ 1 1 i 11 •_'' 111.',
tlinii'jli w nil a Mil ill', ilia I I In y > am.' uiil nl iIh' miL- ol' a imninlaiii li.i \v....|i (^•ii'li... ;imi
llii. LIT. 'at v.a My iiiliiriiiaiit rniim'. l.'d lliisl'a.t willi nili.i' in. iili'iii-. all |.niiiiiii.^ i.. a
lrailili.iii.il Kiji. I' I lial lli.' iinrili.'rn >linr.'s nl' tlir InwiT Si. l/i\vr..|i.'.' \\..r.' ili.. nri'^ina!
li"iii'' I'I ill'' lari' : .111(1 111' >iinki. III.. .Main am i. 'Ill .'\.iil> in I In' lii^lm v ..I iii"- j jili-
as liaviii"^- nr. iii'|..il win 11 ili..\ liv.il li.si.l.. I li.. I.i^ s..a. Tin' .'ai li..^l aiiilnnii.. ii'l.t'i'm .■
1.1 ill is I railii inn n.-, iii'> m i li,. ■ l,'..l.,i i.nis " l.n jiioii, wlnT.' I'lLlMiir, aii.-r .1 In i.l' allusion
||' I 'ilaiii nl' ilnir nniLii. al smus ami daini's. sa\s: ' 'I'ln' m i'j in nf all mi. h ni\'>|.ri..s i-i
assi;:ii..il l.y ilimi in a In.imj nl sii|...ilinnian sialiiii'. \'. Im was wniiml.'.l in ili.' rni'.'li..a.|
liv tiiii' III ill.. ir miiinii. al lln'iini.. w Ii.'ii lli.'V liv.'il ii.'arili.' s.a Tin' ri'l'i'ii'ii. .. l.i a
iiiiu'i'alion Irnni tin' s..;i-lM)ai(l nli\-iniisl\ |)nini» in nin. nl'ihns.. im i.l.nls in ilirlil.. nl iln
mi linn \\ 111. ll inai'lM ll I'lir 1 In 'in an ..|i. m h lil\.' lli.' I l.'.^iia nl 1 Ip' Alalia Winn ( 'liain|ilaiii
Inllnw.'il Cull. 'I- ii.'.'irh s.'V.'iiiv v.'ars lal.r li-' jniiml niily a r.'W M'j.nikins in lln'ir
Mi'rli-liaik wi'jwani^, u Iht.' lln- |iali-ail.'<l l.i\\ lis n| ih,' 1 1 iti.iii-l rn.jn.iis had si.md.
I'lUl im Al'jniikiii I.'Lj.nil . lainis iliis as ilnir .'ai'Iy Innii.'. Tli" invaiiaMi' trailiiinn tA' tlin
( *jil>\\ a\ s I mini- In till' liaki' Siii>.'i im' rciiinii ami I In' rniiiiiiy sir..|iliim^- i.iw aids Umisnu
I'ay, as iln' am I'siial Innii.' nl iln' ..Mii'niikiii trilii's.
."^m ll inrniinai inn as ran iliiis h.' iil.'aiu'd Irnin niaii\ iiid.'|>.'ml.'iil sniir.i's. as lium
till' sniii.'W lial ..iiilusid Vi'l iriisi \\ nl ihy nairalivi' ol llavid Ciisi. k. lln' Tiisranna liis-
loi'iaii, and Irniii I'.t-r |).in\ .'iilal.'. ill.' Wyandot liisimiaii, all l.'ads i.. tji.. -aiiic
coiirlusioii I'rniii iiiiinl.' aiid altoii'..] Inr iii'.-C.iliiiiiliiaii i-.'iil iiii.'s. iln' llniniis .iml
ollnT alli.'il irilti.v tlir o.iiijianl.s in tin- sex rutt'i'iith and ciuliti'i'iilli .('111111 i.s nl'
vaiiniis dciaclicd I'mtioiis ol ilic roiintry n(ntli of tlic Si I.awi'cm r and castwaKl nl iln>
( icnru'iaii IJay. a|i|M.ar lo lia\ c 1 11 in possosNioii nl' lln' w Imlc icii'ioii In wlii. li tlnir oldest.
Iradiliniis imini.'d as llic ciiidli' ol tin' larr ; wliili' naiioiis ol ilic \lL;.'iikiii st,„ k lay
licvoiid tlicin to lln' iiortli-\V('st i'lic i^icat livcr and tlic lakes from wlieii. e it llows int.i
llie lower \all('\ roiiiied a wd l-d.'li lied s(niilii'iii l.oiimlaiy for aliiliaiii! iiilii^; leii ilie
Hist Itnt.li ami I'lnuli-li .'Xploi't'i's (d' llie Iliidsoii. and ol' the I riK I of (oiinliy win. Ii now
Magaziiio (jf Aiiiciiran llisldi-y, \..l. n., p. -IT'J.
1 1( )
I'AMI.I. \MI,>»>N <'.N llli; III 1{«>N |li.M,i| Ml- ur
/
I
rfni>lihil<'^ ihf \Vl'^^l•nl |iitrl nl iIh* Sinii- <■! Ni \\ VciL IkiiikI iIh' ii\<t Xiilltv- iikI hiki-
-linii- ill H, . ui'iiliiiii oT ilif lriH|UMi» 1 oiilfdriiii y. tli'H ■ niioi-iiiiii' "I Mi>liii\\k>. nnrjdn.s
( »ll"ml.il_'':i* C.iX llt;:i» lillil •"•I'lli'i.is Tin l».' rulisllllll' >l ill'' llv ll.illolis .it till' l,i|||MM->
|i..i|U«>i- liMiiUi' I'liii ill.' Iliiinii'. .>| (■..iniihi. Willi wlii'iii tin \ v\ii'' l,.li.il\ :il <lt'ii(||y
liUil .ilH" ;il li' ll.l\'' !•' <'li ill'' I'liliNJ IrltrfM'llliills . ■. tij ill.' . I. Ill nil HI la. r. ;illi| Wrlc «.||I| in
(I. .■ii|>iili"ii "T iln'ii :iii' fxi i.il lii-iii>' w lii'M <';iiii.i lir^i .Nploi.il ill.' Si l...\\ r.-ni f 'I'Ih-
Killlh' VMi' Ii:hI >]'V.';ii1 liil I > ill.' •«.>II||i . :ilnlll- i . |il-.».||l.il I \ ■■* lliil.l;, ||.'>I L;'ritli|i>., Iniiy;
, dill iiiii.'il 'ii |.. I |).'ni:il.' il> iiilliii'ih <• I'll.'*.' Ill' linl'il ill.' < nii.'«.ii(>j-.,N iir \ iiil,,»i.'>., i In.
\||i|.i^l..'jM.'> I l|.' ( ',iriillloll;ill». ill.' ( 'll.'lollllLill- "'■ Ni.ll'.W ;i\ - ill'' Tll>. al'ollis. ,;tli| (illn'I'.N,
iiihl'T \ '-iiii'ii- ihuii.'- Ii i» ii.ii ,'il'\ ;.\ » f.i-\ 111 I.'. .I'jiii/;.' ill"' -Mill' 1 1 ill mill. 'I il-" w iiji'ly
(lls>llllil;il' (1. >l'^ll;il l.'ll« Tl.' Sl|»<|l|rlKilil|.>' k> "I ill'' l']n'^ll»ll :.ll<i ill'' MllMllli.x <•] ill''
hiil'li. ,.j'|i.'.,' I.. I..' ill.' \ii.l..»l.'^ iiinl'i "ili.'i ii;iiiii'*. ami ( 'liaiii |>l,iiii'N ( 'aiainuiiali^
iii.i\ li,i\. I II ill' l'lii.'> liul.'t llii>».' iinl ..ili. I iiaiii"'* ill.- Iliii"ii-I r.>(|ii"iN ..1(1' Ii
i'Xl"li'!''l In ill' 'I. mills "I ill'' Tll>' alola* III N"llli ( '.. 1..I111,. Sill! I..lllhr ^uiilli
(iailalili -iiimi-'tl liiiiii l:ii'jiii»ll' .'\ nl-'lh >•. .1 . 1 .ii 11. ■ I i.'ii li'lw.'.ii lli'' ( 'li.| .iKc's ;iiii[
ill.' In.i|i|..i^ Till- tail Ml llaj.' Iia> |>1..' .il l>. \ ..ml il"ii I'l . ii<l lia \ iii'j i|. |.'. I.'d in I li.'
I.I 11'^ II .'^.' (i| ill • I'TIU'I- a 'jiaiiiniali. a I >ll 11. I ni.' liialliK 11 iifii-l 1 'H|I|i'In. U liil'- llh' \ u. all-
Illal\ I* I" a ui'.'al ■•M.'lll |.>l.li.'li Ih' 1» I II' IiiU'iI I" I lllllk lll.il \\ ' illll^ 1 ■ 1 . .\ .'I 1 1 .1'-.'s (»|'
a lii'djil.'. liil' >.iiilli III \laliai;ia ..ll'l ( I'lH l' M ill'' i|' -' •'mlalil - "I l'rilL;i'.'> el ill.'
. i'iM|ii''n >l \ lli'ji'W 1. ,,'l..j.i.';l ml.. ..||.' ..| I h.' 11:. II. .11- "I ill. II I !"i|ii..|>i . .•ii(|iii'riir>
I'' I' '111 "II" I ll'l .iii.il il. 1 .i| ill'- '.iitl\ iii'j ^.iiilli'i II >'ll>-li<>i>l-> "I ill. ' "1 1 1 III.. 1 1 vl.M k. a till i-
ii"ii'« V. '" III. Ill'' lii'iii Mill'' III iiiii.' I'l i.'«i.>i.' ill.' iiiiiiili r^ III ill'' il'. iiiiat'il I iiii|iiiii.'>i.
\Vi >i\\ aiil iif ill'' I Mill. -d. 'la' \ w.iv ill, ...linns ,,r ill'' I'ln.'^. :.ii .i||»||iii.i III ill'' S.ni'ia
ll.ili'ill. "" ll|i\ lli'j I li'' ,>...lllli. 1 11 ^li.ili' III ill' '_'i.,l l.ik' \\lil li j.'i jii'l ll;;|.'> ill. II li.ilili'
liiiiii'iii.'i -K 111 ilii' ii"i I 11 111 I III' Ml i.'> w II Inn 1 li.' ( ■,iii,,i|i'iii I ion 1 1 1 1 Ih Ai 1 i\\ . ml,: ii.iik>,
'" N''iil.'i'>, III ' n|i|i'il ill.' i>i iiiii»iila III N i,.'j,.i.. w liil' I,,.' Til. Ill, I''- m ri'liin- i.ml ulln'i'
ii'ili.^ Ill ill. ■«iinii' *tiirk w I'l' -' iil.'il III ill" Il ml'' i. "j|..ii L.-iw r. n L.>k.'> liri'' ami IIiiimii
III 171 I ill'' Tu«i-M<iia-. w li'ii ilin I n liv ili'- kiipjii-li mil ..I N.mli < '.,nili'';i. w.'i.' \\,'l-
'<'iii'<l l'\ I 11' II !i'.ii|iiii|- Kill-Ill. 11 wii.l i.'i.i\iil nil., ill,' l'':,'^iii' wlii'li I li.'in I'lmlli l.mi'
ill'' iia "' ill'' Si\ \ai|iiii- TiiWanN iln niiililli' III ill,' >i.iii.' , ,'iiiiii\ ill,' w^.-i,' (il war
mail.' lll'lii I'.ailv 111 Will i.lii • ;il|\ ai|i||l|ii||v I', ih.'ir liiiiiil, TV Mill I II" Til I I'll I''- all 1 1 \all-
ti'i'ki'- li'iili apjiari'iiily Alijuiikin liiini-li'il lii'-li ..1 ,,'->], .n- i" ili. iliiiiiiii>li.'i| iiiiiiilii'i'>
"I 'I III. il. lai \. lull w it III, III laklllL! llnll ;i|a '' ..- .liMllii I li..li"ii-
I'llH III ,11 ill.' li.,ll,,li> i,r ih,. >|,, I, iliil'. \\ i.|,l\ -|ii',-;,,| W.'MW :,!'.! :,l|i| -. ,lll 11 W.l'. 1 . ill.-
"'"""' '1' ''" llall\" lil-l.il'|. .<1 1... I' (lie, 11;,, I:, iiill|iiat,'l\ |i Ini I i liii I Willi ill nl.'llls . if its
'■="■'} -' 111 lii'lll. : ml .'1 tVl.llijIy llll'l'i nlU-i' Willi /,,/ Snnnll. r,:i,ir, Tllril' la llli lia'J'i' is
iiiiw- ii'i .'.Jill/' .1 ,is ih.. ,.1.1.-1 Id, III dfili,. . iiniiiiiiii •.]><■.; Il ,,| ill.. II,,, -li'ii(|Uni>. ami il i- imt
'I'lliial'l" ii. (■;.ii.',(li;in iiliili.l.i'jiM- ili;,i iis .j-,';miniar -nil Minain- iinv.'i.ri's.'nl"<l in an\
a.TUial" imiii.'.l I,,!-,,, 11,, Lii,.,';i,'\ :m,| Hi-|d,i,.;,| S,., i,'iy dl Qii,'l.,', .li.l. imlml. puli-
li-li ill 11- Traii-ai iimiv in lv:;| ,1,,. i,Mi>Iali.)ii ..I' ;• I.nin MS 1 ..miiil.'.l wiili inin li
linlll-liy l.v a l.il-Md,i;,,'\ w|„. ha. I IJimi,,.] .,„|,,,,'j' ,|,.. Hn,,,,,. ..j l.di,!!,.. :i,,,| wlios.'
'•iiH'iiMiimi- wmk wa- Imiml aiii,.i,MM ,1,,, ,,:,,„.,.. dill,.' mi-Mdii. I'mi 11 i- iln' |.nHlii.lim,
' All i,;i..|,,i'i.i \iii,',i.':mf,, ■,,,!. ii |,. i;;.
Iii'liaii Mi'.'r.'it;,,,,... |,. 17.
11^
(•.\N,\I>\. ,\ IM'K'M, KACi: (.r .\Mi;i{li\N .\l!Ml!l<ilNKS,
61
II
• •i'mii' iii'iioiiiiil i»rilii' M ji'iii )• of liiiiu'tiiiu'i-, mul ^■ivl•^ im ii<I<<|UJii<' iili;i miIi' i>>I iIh Liiiiin-
)ll;il|i ill >llll< llin- nr (»| lllr \ iltiil V irinl llrhllisx nl' till' 1 1 It Hill |ii|llil|.'.
Til'' l.iii'jii.i'jfs t>r (liiiln I . v|Milv. M li\ iii.iiiv ii.,ii\i IihIi.iii liili-* li.,\. iiii.|..ul.i.(|lv
|irHx||<'i| Willi iIk' I;i<>'s |>i v\|||. || |||.\ | m'I t ,11 II<'<I IiIiI till' lllllil''|n||. Illlliill |liii|l|iiis
• liiilf" l> >-lill ''xi*! 111'^. ii'il (iiiU III wiiltiji Imiiii. lull .IV lixiiiv imrj Ill's. ..Il'uil \ ..hi.lili'
iii.ili'i'iliN lui i'tliiii<;il v|ni|\. Till' lii^iMi'v nriitlii'i IimImii tiili - jliiiinhiiii K iiiiiiiuit> Im'
llli' llllllll|ili< illimi >>l ;i lillnuli' <ll\i'l'Ml\ •>! hill'j ll:i'J|'v >■•> ^liirl. ll\ I l|;|i',.< III l^tir nl l||i'
Allli'l'li illl rOlllllli'lll. Willi till' i'IhIIi'vs MlliiltV Islnlls , ,\ ||> I till fj I'l ii)||s | ii i| HI ||, t |i ill |||t
|>i'lt\ t I ill '* ki'pl .i|';irl li\ Mili'l Illl nil' l.'iul- Til. iiilinli I III ll..||\i' \ liiil h ; it l:ill'.' ll^.'j
|v I'vl lllliiliil l>\ \ iili'l', ill III* /.i Hi: limit III 'I'liHii^ (hill- hull I it .iliiillt ll\i' llllliill.ij llill
iIh' ijii' »i nil imiliwiili iiriM's; \N li: i -li;!!! Ii" ii-j, nli'd as i niisiii in iii'j ;» l.iifju.i'ji' ' j-'nf,
III till' W :il|i|i'nilL!- Ill hull' liMliU III 1 1 nil:. 11 llulil.iil-. i|l..|i i Is |||llll||iU Itnlii tl II "K N'l'l.rlv
si\ Imiulii'il III sin li illl' liii.ilii'jtii'il li\ Ml 11. 111. lull 111 lii^ \iiti\. U' siiiilii. |'..i ilir
Sliili's. ■ lis s|ii.Ki'ii I II 'I w I 'I' 1 1 Aliiskii iiinl I III' I ilimii^ 111 r,iii;iiii;i
1 1 I'll' I In II I* :i lii'lil |iii' mill li u-ilul iisi';iii li \\ ii |i i In' |i|iihii>i' nl \ ilu.iMi' n ~iills.
Tin' siil.ji'i 1 |> ii'lul.'i'i'tl linn'i' ;(llrilili\i' nW illL' tu iIh' l;n I lliill 111 l|i';ill\ .\\\ tl|.' iiiilli.Uv
III till' Nniili \ iin'iii nil I (ititiiii'iil. llii'ir hiii'jiiii'ji's iifi' till' iiiiU siii\ i\ iii'j ini'iiinriiils
(if tin- tin I' \ lii'iiih . iiinli'i- I In' i llii iiiii -iijiii'V i^inii nl i In' I'll liiiutif. | ill ii litiii'iiii nl lit.'
I iiiiiil Si. ill's. s\ sti'iii.il ii I niii I'lliiii lulls i.i'i' lii'iiiv si, iii.ij Imilii- iiii|iiii't..iii lu.iin li nl
Klmw I'll'Ji'. SI I Till' iC I In-il nW ll 'Ji'U'Jf.ilillJi.il :i|im is i nm I'l ||. iI \ Im |. v> l|i||iull;.lll ..llii
is I'liililiH I'll ill till' I Inlilllliiill 111 ( ':ill.'i!;i. ;il|i| It l> |ii'i'll I l.i I i \ tin llliiln'lil ml lln K'lS.il
Soi ii'l V lo iii'i^i' Illl tin- ill I Illl ii HI 1)1 till' ( iii\ I'l iiiiii'iii lln' ihi I's'^it \ Inr i inn-K ip i imi in i lijo
iiiiitliT ill mil' iiw II Nnilli w .'s| iitnl ill |!iiii^li ( 'nliiinlii.i. hinj ii. ;'.'.•> :iii' ilis.i|i|ii ..i ii|i_.
iiinl r;n "s lii'rniniii.j i'\i iin i ^l i I I.ili' 1 1- 'I'lii l\ i niii i ilmiiil i.i tin- \ ni' i n .m riiiln-.n].||i, ,,|
Sm ii'l \ s I r.r'siii liniis. ii \ .illl Illl' iinuini^ 1..111 miiln' I'liii In iiiii.' iiinl L.ii'j iin'ji'. i|i'i:\i'i|
lll.ilIlK riiilll Nlk'Hlllii. till' l.isl rilll-lilnml Tulilii. wlin -lll\l\ri| Illl ll|iW.,li|- nl iill
Illl Illl I I'd \i';iis I.I iiij.' Ill' w ,is iiii.riii'il 111 ii ( ',i\ iiLi.i Wniii.iii. i ml li\ I'll ..iimiiL: Ini- ji 'iijili' nil
ihi'ir < iiiiinl l>i\ it ri'^iis i' inin I ! 1.1 11 1 Iiinl M\ mil) Uimw li'il-jn uT tin' Tuii In.'v." v, \ ^ Mi .
lliilr. liiiil I II ili-ii\.'il tiniii ihi' li'W in.lii I'v 1 niii|iii«i'il ill (1.^11; tin- Svimi.-i- niili,.
linli.iii Till MS, w In I'l' lln'V i.ii' rhis-i'il with tin' 11 .11 mi- n| iln' 1 1 iiimi-l ini|iii.i> v|i„ 1<. .\i
till' .Sill 111' I inn' till' i||siiiiuiii-ln'il ..iiilmr. with lln' -• iiiH ilii riiiii inii w '.n li nii.rUiil i.ll liis
wiitiii'J-. i> i-.iii Illl In iiii'iiiimi iliiii no \ni i.liiiliii \ nl till' liiii'^u..i:i' w ..s Kimw 11 Tln.t
wlliill W ;is lln\V nlil.iilli'il sllnWi'il. Iii'\nlli| (llli'stimi. llliil lllr lii II 'Jllinj i' W..- In|,il|\ (li>l;i|i |
llnlil till' I I Ulnll-I lni|Unlv I oil 'Jin >. ii IH I lll.ll 11 WilS r |nsi ■ I \ .1 11 i I'l I I n I h. • L II L: I l.iL; 1 ■ n| I ||i.
|)iiki>iii riiiiiily." liiii Im' iliis iiiiii'ls I'Xiiiimi 111 ii |.liili.|nMi. iil sii|,|,iii, ilii> iiii,.i-,.>iiiiM
link III illl' liis|iir\ nf i ln' 1 1 iirtiii-lrni|iini- ii'liilimi- w iili ;iliili ii.il ii ili - w miiil li;i\ i' 1 n
Inst lii'Vmiil li'iilll
Now or iii'Ni'V. iiiinli wmk nl this -.lUH' Kiml li..- m lir ilniii' ; nm wminl tin' ri'i|iii-i'.'
iiri:!lllizillioll In' ilitlirllll in si'i llli'. \ s\>|, 111,1! |. . (inlii'V.itlnli iiT M.liii' -1 rllnlls. nr iif illl'
roiiinil ot this siM'il'tv, w illi olln ris i.T iIh' linli;iii Pi'iiiii 1 nn'iii iiinl ilm-i' n| ihr ( linlnun;,!
iiml Niilnnil lli.slory Siir\i'V oT ilir liniiiiiiimi. wmilil liiniish wmki'i- ,i\ ,.ili.li|i' Im-
11. roiiililishiiiu' ri'sults lur tin' iniiivi- triln's of ( 'iiiiiii|,i simiLr in 1 In' ihitii imw Ih'Iiiu so
nilirii'iilh iK'fUinuliili'il in r.'liTi'in-' to tin' liidiini liilins ol iln' I iiiti'd Sliib's. Alrriidy.
''I'lio Tiiii'lii'l'iilii.' aii'l l.iiiigiiiigi', 11. '■'•
!
U2
l»AMi:ii \VII.SuN it.\ Till. Ill litis IIMt/rul- ol"
i
Willi ill'' '.iiii' ii"ii I'l ill.' ijii. . tor ..| ill.' ( i.'i.lii'ji. ;il Survey •ntnp.'iriilivf viMiiliuiini-s of
linluiii iiilM-. nj 111 iijoli Culiiiiiliiii IijVi' I II > till.'i li«l li\ |ir (i.i>i-jcM |l;i\v<iii mnl Mr
W l''r:iHi'r T"liiiii' wlii'li I'lnii .'i v.ilu:il>l<' < niii i iliiiii'>ii I'l ( ',iiimiIi:iii •'iliiii><_'iii|ili\ Miiih
Ii,i« \'i I" I"' <l'>ii>' I. .I'll.' ill.' iiiiiliil.itioiis ili:il.'> I- < ;iii lif r.ilii. ""l i.> t.>nii mnl . j.isMlii.d
ill cli»iiii. I 'jiiiiiii* ]iirl;iiiiiii'j 1" lli.'ir ili|i'riiiiliiil>' -I". K- Shih. jn.. ni.ri' i|i;il<'> |» »ii. || as
I III' |Mi.\ .illllli: I .ilhlllU'll III linllKiij ill'' «ii iilV'.'i'lv |.||<|o III <liVi|n|i M\\ lll'J In ill.. I r.i | lli'll I
I'l.'.ikiii'j' ii|> <•! i|i»iiii'iiiliii.'(l iiili.> ..I tin- ;ii|<i|iiii>ii n\ rilu'j>i». or -.iirxivniN nl inn-
<|iii'ritl irilu'w. iiil" ih'' \:iyj:>Y ImihI Tliis |ii'rii!i;irlv diiiN l<> li.uit iiii inti'niiiiii.'jiii'.'' nf
\ <i. ,,liiil.ii i.'> Hill ii.'\\ iii>..|ilii iitimi^ III ^1 Ii < nil. 1^ li.i\ ■' .'mI\ ;ii i|iin'i'<l ilhii ilnji ^til'
• liiir.n id' ill till' «• iii.'riii.j III I ' lii'^ lii'i>k.'ii iijMiili. ^iM.ill imiitU. Mini . iiii-o'iiMi'iii i\ |i|'<'m'IiI ;i
\ i'r\ limit I'l I riuii:.' ol v n. iilml.r \ I mil i iii Iv iln- lihIiih \ liii^ Imiii to ii-«iiiiii' ;iii it ti-
ll, rlviiiu iiiiii) III >|>i.ii li Inr til.' w hull' Aiiiiri.iiii linpjitii'-''''* l':i^''<l "it llif |Milyh\ nilniii , ur
liii|ii|i|ini<.lii I li.ira.li ri-lii a-iiili.il !■. ili.' wlmii' iii^i is li\ ati i'\a'jt;i'r!ili'il t'»liliiali' nl'
ill.' |i|i'\ :i|.'ll. I' <>l a |)|i il.'lilllialll Inail-lnl HI i>l|.' Iila-liaj I \ |ii' Was |.iii'j aNsuniiil ln.lial-
ai Ii'il/.' ill. \liiili all la..' Inilii IlinUiiii |>a\ In I'.ria i|ii I'll.".'.. I', l li;i|is. mi |ac as
1,.11'jiiaLj. I- • iiii. . I ii.'ii. I III' ;'i.s.tit liinl.'ii. \ is |.i\\aii|s il|i' n|i|ins||i. i.\| ii'in.. Majur
I'liUi'JI. ill.' « ilnl.lll . III. I III ill'' ljllll"'jr;i|<lli' mI r>lir''all at Waslmi'/lnll. l.i icjlli/rs 'i-jlil v
v;iiiii|>s III' laii'j-iia'j.'s ill \i.rlli Viinri.a li.iw.'.ii v, In. Ii im aMiiiil \ is ilnis jar a|'|iiir''iil
I III \ -li\ • "T I Ill's.' Ii'' li ii.'\ .s ii. Ii,' sal isjn, intiU il''l.'Miiiii'il ;i- il|s| III. I s|,., Ks nniji..
..ill. I liaiiil. I'l. .j.'sscir \V liii iM-\ ali.T iii.li. I II 'J ill.' . i.iii|i|.'\ii \ .'I ill.' I'lHinirv \v li.'ii ilii.-. hi I
'.' ill.' llali\'' Alil'Ti. all lall'jllaLi.'s. ilii|s |ii'ii. I'l'iN \ .{ i\ |s|l|,. i i)|||ii|..||| (i|i||||ii|| nl'
llll'jillstl. s, lii.jais lllal .1 rilllil.ilil.'lital II hit V I ii'> ill I ln' !';.».• i.t a 1 1 lln'sc illlillili'h \ lirvitl'J'
I. .nils,. I s[„.,., h , iliai i|i'\ may li.-. ami [hhIciMn iiri-. all ilrs, .'iKl.-d Iroiu n siiiyli' piii'i-ni
I ii'j'i.i'j'.' " '
Til'' li|s|iir\ i.| ill.' 1! iir..|i-|ii"|U..|s la. •• ami .'s|..'i lal l\ •>[ \\v Sl\ Niilimi ll.ilialis.
-ill' .' I 111' s.i I l.'iii 'lit III I h.' main limiv ji.;- I li.' |ias| . iiii 111 \ nii I li.ir ii'sirv's uii thi' ( I laml
li'ivi'r. 1)1 ill.' I'r..'. 111. .' Ill I iiiiari'.. . iiiii.iisjy illiisi lal's ili.. |..i'i ma, ji v with wlii. li lli.'V
liavi' I I'.'nsli.'.l ill, ill. i|. I'll, vari. -Ill's .,| a . uiiini'.ii tuiiijiii' i'lUi \\lii|.' tin' i'ss,.|iiial
liili.'r.'ii. .'s ..| l,,i|.jiii,.j',' .", .TV \\ In r iisiiiui.' nii.- ..lili.' ini.si i.|i\ i.,iis i||s| jn, i ions ,,r
1." '• II 1^ iiii'-v. siii|.. I,, |,,,t,. il,, , .jiiiii,,ii 1,\ ill,' I mi 1,1 Ms i.r a 111 II ill. -s III' 1 1 ia I' lis. ami
ill'- 'lisiiii. li.ai !ii't\\.-iii .'V.'ii i.'iii,,i ' kiii-lii|' liasi'd dn sn, h i-\ i«|,'ii. c, and a ladiial
ilui'lsji^ 1)1 iali'j 'i:,.j>' alnl la. .' .'is n, |||,. viaillil issi, ,|| nf llir Tils, an 'I'a^ fo 111'' ll'i>i|ll"is
I .iiiily "I iialmiis \i , oi'diii'j 111 III. lii'iil. tin- kiiisliip ,,[ tin- \lii\V''iiilai'oiik.>* I'i' llm Ni;iL:iir;i
I'l'lilllsiila \\..s 1'.'. .,-iii/,'d li\ ill.' Iliiii.iis 11, thai il.si.jiialinii wlii.li ilass.'d ill. 'ill liV il
ii.iiM.- s|o||||\i,,,^ ., -,..,. |, I.. ,,| a laii'jiia-j.' a liilL' d ilii'ii-ni ' I'll.r .1 mi'-s Kalik.-wa-
i|ll"llaliy. a ri\ ilis. ,| ( Ipliuay ;,d..|'l'-d ml" lli. MnliaW k lialii.li. in sji.'akitl'J- i.l ill'- lliidi-
iiniisiil ihr Imliaiis ; s I,, ||,,.j| ,,\vii iiii._'in sa\s ■ \|| i),,, i n li.riiK.l ii.ii I liavi- I ii aldi-
I" i-iiiii III M !aii,,ii III ill, iju.sii,,,, ,iiii,,imis 1,1 ill,. |,.||,i\\ji|M Maiiv. iiiaiiv winti'i'."^ au'o
ili"(ii"ai S|iini K." Ii.'-Mam.l naLd iIl- Indians l\,.yy naiii.n >ii"akiii'j' a dill'i'iTiit
'■'"-"■'-'■ I' ■' -'■' "lid '■ I. a II. 111. Inn all u.'i',. mad.' Iiv ili.' sam.- Siipr. m.' It.'iiit;'." '
^""'"- ''"' '■" I 'I'" ii"tili"iii . "iiiimiii. mm.' m.n',. |iilv ii'ju'.'s.nt il,,.],- s|„., ial
I liaia. i.-iisii, s, ,.asi ,,| i|,.. |;,„ K^ M. .in, i ,,ii,s. ihai, tl,.. i,,',.ai 1 1 ii nui-l ii'iim.is rainih- Th.-ir
U liiiMi.>'- .-lii.|\ ..I l.iMi'jiaiL-''. I'. •;|s.
iJi'liili.'ii, li'll. ).. 7.'.
I'l'tcr .loni'ji 1111, 1 ih. (»j.li\\ay Iinluiii-, j. :;l.
\\\l'\ \ I N IMC \l, I; \r|: Ml NMI'lilt \s \ In ilJlM S KM.
6d
Inl!'.')):!!;'' i« h'liiiii'kiil'li' \i>\ ito i i>lii|)aH» ;iiiil • I ilmi ali' •jiiiliiiiiMti> ;i' "h ni tiii'i> ; hIhI iIi<-
iiuiinroiio <liiil<'i Ik III ilii' I >iiiiiii>>ii iiiiiilii'i loipjin' tuiiiioli i'\ nli'iii >' i>t iiiii^iiilinii ami
riiiii|iii'.si iivi'i'.i Willi' ri"jiiiii iM->i Willi III iIk' Mi^>i»«i|i|ii Tn >iii li |i|iiloliiiri. til i-\ ii|i>iii (•
liiiiiiN • iii|iiiii'iH nil' imu liiiiiiii'j li>i' a < III!' Ill I III' III iuili III I In' rai i-h ul tin N<\\ \\>>iM
mill liil I ll' !• rii\ i'l'\ III IHoiil'* III lll'll alllllll]! Ill mil' III iillii'l- III llu'lllit \\m||i| «|ii> Ls.
l'in|i>'.Mi WliiliiN. alliT <hsi|lliiji mi llii' I'X i'j'ji'iali'<ll\ a'j'jluiiii;il i\ >' l\|"' nl lln-
ain t'lll lli.liall lili'jUaLji'. iilul IK l-ulalioll allimii^ till' i'>M'llllall\ il l^^llill lal' lall'jilatri's uj'
.\r\aii I'iiiii'i"' ilni- |iiiii iiiU ili' ILi^ijii.' Imiii* a »iiii.ili|i' xli'jiiiiii'j-olmii' iinin wln.li
In •nil I ill'' |ii'< llllal llll'jlll^l l< llnlllalll III llli' Ni \\ \\ mill. "Illrr lIl.'M' I'. Ilii III li.'l lll.iln t
III till' Mill Wmlil \\ III! Ii SI) mil. Ii ii'>, iiiMiN III 1 1 u< I iiiv ili<' AiiKi n all laii'jiiat^i-n , " ' mil
iiiili'i'il. as III' ailiU. llial llii'\ aii' all iil aiinnlaiil Imiii Im In- |iiniimiii< i'» titi' trrnii|iiii'^'
III llniii III a >iiiu:li' ^Ti'al i'aiiiily a> a • I: >>itii al imi nl I'j'iiMiaih <' '
I li>' aiiiiliMj-y lliu> iinlii'ati'il ha^ li'in \ii'\\i'i| wiili lavmii \i\ Mi llm.iiiM llali'. a»a
\ a III. Ill'' III III pi -I II I in;', in ilial ilin > i imi in I In' ii'ri>\ riv ul |Ki>.silili' I lai ■■•« nj lli>' ju.'- \r\ iiii
laliiiiiaiji'> 'il liiiili •miiiiKiiis In \\ i -I>'Mi l'iiirii|>i'. Iir riinaik-. " mii' rmnniiinil \ is
known III I'Xisl. v|i mKiii^' a lairjiia'^i' w liii li. in iK U'lU'ial >l rilrl iii'i'. iiiaiiili'sK a mar
likriir.oN III till' Imliaii lmii;iii'> Almn' ul all iIh' ia-i-> nl lln- uM i niiiiiiini, ilii< llaM|iii's
or ICii'okariiins III' norllii-rn Sjiain ami >milli-w i'>l> in liaini' liavi' a -| Ii nl llial liiulilv
I mil 1 1| I'X ami |i(i|\ N\ nl In I ii' < liaiarlm \v lin li ili-l iii'j iii'<l<i"> I In' A nnrii an laii'.jiia'j<'- ' Itiil
al tin- saiiii' liiii'' Mr llah' a<li|N Willi ili^i I iiiiiiial iii'j ra if : Tlni'i' i> iml iinli'i li. any
Mii'li |inMiiv'' Miiiilaiits III wniiU nr liiaiiiiiiar aswmilil |ii(i\ r a diiri I alliiialimi. 'i'ln-
liki'iii'>x i> nil r«'l\ in lln- 'jriK'ial • a>l ami inmilil nj' vp •.•i|| ," mii|i n- nn ma ilnnrv nf
linu'ili*li' allinilv. i>. almn' in li.' Innki'il Im in ijn' lainjii i'ji'> nj lai i'> M'jiaialiil im Ir^N liy
Vasi inli'ival> III iinii' iliaii nl >|ia' >' N'l'Viil In'l''^*. llii'« i'Ii'Iiu'IiI nl i m I'l-"] miiili'iii r
I ninninii In linili is viijjl, ii'iit |\ nmrkiil in all rail niii' li aliiiiUnn. W <■ liavi' a-< yl,
iiDWi'Vrr. Iiari'ly ri'arli<'<l lln- llii'i'slmlil nl llii> all-inipniiaiii iiiijiiiry : ami liinl al *-\i'iy
nIi'ji niilv I'l'i'^li r\ iili'in •' nl' il|i' iii'ii'ssiiv tnr I 111' ililiui'iit a<'i'iiiiiiilalimi nl' all availalili-
niaii'i'iajs Im'Tiii'i' iIii' naiui' rai i'> III mir nu n l)miiinimi. ami lln»i' nl iln' m'iglilinuriiiu'
Slali'>. ji'ii^ii. ami ilnii laii'j u,rji'> jiass lnvmiil iii all
Nniliiirj lull ii.liiiil a' I iiniiilaiiv I' ii'M'aii ii ami >|i|(ly nl' lln' \ nr;iliiilarii"> ami ;;i'aiii-
liliiliial .-liliriiiii' nl till' iiali'M' Aim'iiian lan'iilaL;''> w ill yi'l'l aii) inilmiliah' i'i'>ulis of
plarliial \aliii'. < 'ninjiaiiMiii with I In' lamjliaiii-s of I In' nlil wmid, .'Vi'ii wlnii' lliryM't'iii
ln\ii-lil ir.Mi'snl' llial inii.-liip. Iia-. lliiis jar scrvi-d mily in rnnlirni llir i'\ iilmn i' nl' lli"
nninic ilaii' al wlinli -I'paraiinn innk jihi' i' lnlwi'i'ii ili«' A-ialir, ni nilnr nM wmM
slnrk^. ami ilnir \iniii'aii i .ni^ii'inTs Spi'iiilalinii arrmdiniily liml> auipli' mmn im- iainy
In spmi w nil ; III' am ii liiiii I liii' Sn t'ai a> lln- nmii' nniilniii i iil>f> urr i nmi'iin'il. Mr.
< 'li'iin'iils Miikliain wmilil iiai r lln'ir alliiiilii's In iln' nmnails ni Si In via Mr. Ilyili' ( 'larki-,
lakiii'j- lln' 11' i'iill\ i|ii ijiln Till Akkad I'nr I lir l \ piral laii;;iiai:'<' nj' lln' nriL;iiiai waml"i'or.H
Irmn ilirii .\siaiii lailn'rlaml. as--iiiii''s nn.' Inam li nl ii In Iia\<' I'.i^^i'il In Imlia am! !:; l.i-
('liilia, ami ilnini' liy wa\ nl iln' I'a' ili. i>laml>. in .\nii'iii a. 'I'lu'si' nin\ onii'iil'«, in w ■ ^i li
llii' 'jrainniaiii al rmnis nl' Malas -rnlym'.-<ian appiar In Imil sniiii' i niinli'iiam r, aii' ri'l'iTrnl
tu a nninl.' I'la of Asiali-' ri\ ilizalimi. iliiriiiii' w liiili iln' iiiariiiiiir I'lili ipriM' nl' tin- I'acilii-
may lia\f Ih.'h rarrii-d nii in an cxli-nt niiknowii to umdi-rn Malay nuvigaiors. Sn. in like
'Till' r.ifi' iii.il (itiiwlli iif I,iini,'unK'«'!<. |>. L'.V).
■' Iniliuii .MIgiatiuii a.'< I'viik^ici'il liy l,iiii),'ini|-'i*>, {'■ -i-
(34
DA Mil, Wil.SdN (IN llli: lll'lJON ll.'Oi.UWtiS (>!•'
Jiilin ( ,iiii|>lii'll >"ikv 111 ihc ^:iiiii' ()1».' iirr ilau II jur soin.' pliilolouiral
lIKlllll'T I rii|-'^--i>V
ir:, fs I'l l..iiu-t<iiL;i^ii"ii Miiiii.' iiii-i..ii"iis. >n h a.-
iiiMlii' \ii.,iiii'l''v ill-' i"'"!'!.' ol' a ...liim.Mii on.-.
II, .,111 l',,,i ill,. iiiirr\al 111 !>■■ Iiiicl'^i'<l "\ 'T. lirlw-
alliniii''> .iinl ilh' nli;r>i iif IriMiiiMi- ir:ii
llii' lallcT M'Ui
al lii'vs, 1 1,,11-iilaii
iiia\ haniit>iii/i' wiili the ulca ol' th.'
sircli liiiin w I'si \\ aid iiiin lln' Allaiilii
Ml Mh'Ii ii'iiiolf l^a^l•^ ol' \sial i.' or (It licr
lilioiis. I> liiii \a-^l III 1111)11' I'ni- aiiv i>ii'Si.,, aiil Irom
Hill il A k kail. Hill ill-. lv^\ I'liaii. rinriiiiiaii. or uihrr d' ilii' wnrld's liTcy-
i,il 1,) Aiiiiiii a llii' ui'iMi> 111 '1^ Itui^ iiniiiii'iii>u- .^tiiik. \\f look in vain
■|,i' ..in 1 !■ - I'l ili.'ii iilil-wi'i 111 . i\ ili/.aliiui iiiiiih ni iln- Mi'xiiaii (mi
\i
Nor i.s it 11
\ aii\
laraii-
,11 .-i;,l)!i-h.il iiiilli ihi.i ill'' iii(li'jiiiiiii^ all- 111 Criilial AiiH'i'ira nr r«'ni arc ol
ain vi'i \ liii'.il ,1111(11111 \ I 11
■II lii'laliiULiv w a- al a 1 riliji'. \ I'l .-.U'^'iir-I iVi'. >l aiiv al wliirll
II \V:,S IK
,l liki'h It' 111' Imiij alioli'il Tlh' ^alih' lilav
li.' ^aid ol llnir 1
iii'Vol; l\ |iliii
rcrnr:!- ; iiinii
• l, ili,'\ ri'it;iiiil\ |iiv-.'iii Miiin' iiii;-lily -iijiiiliiaiil aiialoiiir.'^ to ihi- ( 'liiiii
piiasi' ol \\ iHil-wril iiiu. 1 all uhili'tl. aloii'^ w iih oilirv a>|>
>la:i-.
if p,,iiial. \i'i loiiL:-i'ii(luriii'^. ri\ ili/.ai loii ol' wlii'
I,) uioiurv our I'-i luiaii' ol llio |io->ili|,' (liir
1\ lii/.ai|oii
N.'\ ll-|ll.'lr>- ll
. l> of ii'M-iii Ilia lice lo tlial peculiar
ll China is the Asiatic fxain|ilar,
atioii 1. 1 ('I'liiral and Suiulicrn Aiiiciicaii
II
c ,i->iiiiili| loll ol all aiilHjiulx 111 aii\ (Icurcc ap|>roxiiiial in
1 1 ill,, I o| l-,u;\i'i vc'iu- io iiic incioinilalil' wiili llic cxii
ili'iicc Their ;irchit
ecture \v;
ilhaMc, llh'ULlll llilpo-lU'j- ll'olil Ihc -c ;ilc nil wlihll I lid T LITcal t elll pies alK I palaces Wi'l
1 pal;i
I, mil
I II ("ciit y.A .\iiii lii a
ll.'!'-. like iioiic\ -, mill
-|i''i lall\ .ihe ai^uii ijal ioii oj' lililiU I'olis i ll-lili'lUed litlle challl-
- lAraN.lli'd olll of ihc IniLZc liile. is sl.o|llil\ sllU'e-ot ive ol'
aiiiiiii \
111 the ( ',,>a- ( i land
Jill I 111' I llelil
• I ilie Ziiiii : and this is conlinaed ]>\ tin
■ n-'sin
iiidi'iiic 1 raceali]'- ln'iwi ,: iiiaii\ ol' iln ir a I'l hil ei I ma 1 details and the ornaiiienla-
I
tioll of ill. I'lli'liio poIli'l'V ,
'I'll.' ;,-llollo|||\ u\\i\ the calclld
l!-s. holll ol
Ml
M'-o at
llh I lliiO~
rc'o)iliii'j lui'ir iii\-i-iiiiis ol 1 iiur. are all .-ii
id rein, with their detailed
• I ive ol' all ininialnie phase ot
ii\ lii/aiioii in ilie \ r\ -i,,^.' of li- '•iiiiil:i'1i. e I'loin li;irl>ari>in. inodijii'd, in sonic ca>
ill.' vc, .'lit a.tiui'-itioii 111 cciiain ai
•ver oiii.'r i'\ n
l.'iii" 1.1
roLir"s>
!•• .\ - ll' the p.'i iiliav plia>e ol' Mexican art, and w hat-
lii'V appear to nie no more than natural
Mi'M.'O supplies, I 1
jiMidii. !■- of ihe lir-1 -ill 1 .'--lul iniiiision nl' ihc liarlianaiis of ih.' northern contiiieii
lin' -cii- oliiopi.al .ixiii/a; i.iii ( 'i'ii,'iiii i;
t on
'iii->. ,it leasi, ihat ll an earlier iiativt
Vlll/:,,iliill liad e\ .■]■ c.M.-Icil 111 1 ll" llorl ll. .'l' ll 1 !le |epre,'-e|ltal IVcs oj' an\ t \-
Mil!/.. 1 loll w . I'.. pri'-..|ii ile'ie III limn
lii'is I'..!- aiiv 1
cIlLll ll o| Illile, -olue t r;
>e <ii old World
■ool' their lost
.11- lilli-l liill'J -llhe l|a\.' colli,, to lllihl.
onvni
i'liii ihc 1 oii-cr\aiive power of laii^iiaijv is indi>pntaliie. and the evidence ol' th
',i-se> all other kinds ol' proof. Th
IlllalloM 1,1
\S 111. ll ll -Upplle-. -mi
sllld\ '<[' ill" all i. lit l,,li'jll,,'jc- ol ilidl.. 1
I, - op.'lii'd llji a liol|lid|,.s,s
held of re.search.
he alliiiM :,- i.f I, ,111^11. ijv |ir,'-.'ive -iil.ilr iv.ccs of mihc-di'il r,'lat
.ship iii.\\ I l.iiii. ll |,c 1 11,' I
1'' piilv -\ 111 hd 1. I,
ll'^ll.lLle- .i| ll 'I ll hcllll-
lolls ; and ll I lie Kiii-
hi'le- lie , (iriccl . We ale
fiiih on 111,' ilii.'-ii.
ild 111 -I'jnitnani dh
lo-iir,
llllllleli'll- I ,11,11 lii 1,1 I,i||,-
II
.•- Well :.- -1
ililc III I he II, ll i\ ,' 1:
a'-l 111 ill" !, 1 "- 111 w III. ll t||,.\ lii'loiiv.d. liia\ in
ihc 11 iiion-lioipioiv tonuiie. in its
iiL^naiics ihal lia\ e outlived the
oi aliiiiit ics as \ it nniecoii--
ple<cl\i' I r;
'll/cd Kill \\,. 1, 1 1,. I i„. ,,,|||, III :i| ill,, pi-,.-, 11 1 si;,n-,, I,, accniliulalc I he needful nialcrial.^
((> nia,-tcl ill.' lllslnl \ ,,f I ||,
pOSsillle. 1
"I "iir ow ll Iioiiiiiiioii ; and to deterni
inc. as lai a.>'
A\'l
leii alliiiiiii'v ic each oihci, and lo ihe ,\pical stocks (d' I lie northern continent.
leii ihi.- has hccii aicoiiipli-hed, we shall still have to await the careful inductions of
CANADA, A TYI'K'AL l;A(K OV AMI'.UH'W A I'.olIKil \1
68
llol
• lllloliiiilcjil M Irllrc
l..'l
nil' \V
>• 1,111 hopi' I'cii' iiiiy lru.«.l\\(iitli\ xihilidii <>[' ili,' |>riiliU'
m
ol' wllirh pliiloln^^y llllilnllht .(I ly oIHts 1 lie most liopi'llll kr\ .
Ill IK) ri'>|».'. I 111.' llic ! 1 m(Hi-Iin(|\i(iis mon' corn'illy addiicilili
\
IS ;i ly|)i.;il lurr i>['
llH'rir;ill ;ih(iri'Jlll
lllllll ill iIk
llllSl'llll- ol
I'VKlc'lIt
)1' thrir
t'Vrr lliivilli
;h(|iiilctl ;ill\ ol lllc ;ill> ll|);)ll wllirli ti V ili/:il ioli (Icpclids. We look in vilill ill llicir vnr:i-
l»ulaiii'> lor I.' nils ol' s( ii'iicr. or lor ii nines ndaiijeil to I he nrls mid iiiiiiiurait urcs on wliich
social iii()i:r.-.s dcjii'iuU. lliii iliry liad dcvidoprd a liill of oralorv. lor whirli llicir
laii'^iiai^e aiii|il' >iilliri'd, and IVoiii wliich \vc may inl'cr ihc jircscncc in this race ol'
savaL;-c- <>[' lali'iil |
lowers, ca |>
iMe ol' wondrous de\cloi>nicnl, " Their laiiuuaii'es show, in
their elahorate uiechaiii>iii, as well a-^ in iheir Inlncss ul' expri'ssion and u'rasp of thought,
llie evid. Mice of ihe mental capacity oT those who speak them. Scholars who admire the
^i\e Toll
del
ce and clearness, wil
iillei I ions oi' the ( Irc.'k and ."Sanscrit \ erh, with their expr
t lie less iiiijiressed wil h t he i iin-cnions st luct uie ol' I he \erliin Iroipiois. It com|)ri.-
IIO
nine I. ■uses.
tliree moods, iheailive and jiassive voices, and at least twenty ol'lhosi' 1
onus
whicli in the Semitic eramiiiars are styled con jiiirat ions. The very names of these lorius
will siillice to uive evideii.e <it' Ihc care ami ininutein'ss with which the rramers ol'thi,-
rciiiaikalile lani;'ii:iue lia\e endeavoiire<l to express "\erv s
li;ide ol' meaninii'. We Isave tin
diiiiiiiiii i\ <• and aii^nieiitative roriiis. the cis-locative and Iran — locative, the duplicative,
reiierat i\ ('. niolioiial, causal i\ c proii'ressive. altiiliuti\e, rrc(picnlati\e. and ma nv others." '
To s|i.'ak, indeed, ol' the lro([uois as, in a idiisciously ;icti\ e sense, the I'raniers of all
I his woiijij h,' miN
lead
111'.
liiil It iiniiiiest mnalily L:'r,'w up in ihe delili'iatioiis arouiu
I
llie council lire, where the coiilli't iiiL; aims of conrederale trili.
were sw
aved liv thii
eio(jUeiic,' (.r Mime ciiui Ilia lid i iiii' oi'alor. unl il the liercot warrior of this forest rai'c learned
to \aliie more the suci-essliil w i' dd i iiu' of t li' ' toic.^ue in ihe K,i/ii>//<i(iinii, ov liiiuralive Long"
House oftiie L'MLi'ue, e\ I'll iliaii til'' wieldiii^- of the tomahawk in the lii'ld. .\t tho
orii'aiiizatioii of the c(iiil'edera,\', tii'' ( 'an veiinns or Moli;iwks were liiiurativelv said loluivo
liuilt a house, " rm/'
'IHIISll/ll/lll, I
ir iMiiier to liavi
liiiill till' Ioiil:' liouse in wnu
h tl
10
council lir,' of the l''i\e Nations was kindled. Of this tiieSeiie.as, Iviifa' i>n the extreme
west. Well
-tvled ihi' ■• dooi-kcciu'rs," and ihe ( »nondaii-a>. whose lerrilorv was ceiitr;
w ere I lie custodians, 'j'lic w hole iisaue is rhetorical and liii'iuati\
Inder such iulluein
the lanu'ii:;^'' 'il I li'' 11 uidii-l ro(|Uois was framed, and it y-rew rich in emotional and persua-
si\,' form-« il oiilv needed the evolution of a true alidialiet out ol tiie pietoriaNymholisni
Ml t II- 11 paiiiti
or t he '_;-ra\ >' p
It' tlu'ir chi.'fs. to iiKiULiuraie a liicvaiiirew
hicli
hoiild emliod\ the oialioii'^ of the Iroipiois Peiiiostheiies. and the soiiLi's of a native
loiuer. 1(0' wlnMii a \eliicle of tlhiiii;hi \\ as :i 1 re;;,ly prepaied. rich and llexilih' as poet
iMlld de>ire
S" far
a^ ill'- plnsi,
li traits of ;he Ai
l.h
meii.an ahoriuines fiinii^h an\ e\ idi'iice o
•I liiii' a! aiiiiiil v tlie\ iiiitpii'st lonalily siuiu'i'sl some common liii-' <
if descMii with tl
Asiatic M
oii'j-ol ; and this is coiisisient with tlie a^uliit male chaia'lensiics ((Miimoii to a
larii'e class of laiiLiuaut's of liotii coiitiiuMii.,. lint, on the other hand, the cliaia.teristic
li"ail-l'orm of I he lluroii-lro(|iiois, as well as t hat of Aliioiikiii and oiIum' iiortliein tvihes,
deviates alike from the hrachyceplialic t\[ie of the southern Indian nations of this con-
1 lair's linliaii .MiL'i;ni'iii-<
IS i\ iili'U.cl 11) l,:uiL'ilML'e, I'.
II., ISSI. !l.
66
t)A\l!'l. WIl.soN oN TIIK IIIK'tiN Il;(>\'r<>IS dl'
lllb'iil. :iliil
iVnlll lll.ll dllll'' Asi;llh M.HI'JhU IIiiuiIhiM
I wild i'ii]()\.'il sii, h v;ii-i' (ippor-
lllllilii'- liif vHi(l\ ill- ihi' r|lillir;il , ll;il;lii>'li-lli^ i>l Ix.lll rdlll 1 in 11 1 ^ luil Id W lldlll. llcVi'I-
tliclf.ss. I 111' noil 111 '111 iiMi-, wiili ihriiddlii lid. ipliiili.' \\ ]><■ ol liiml w •■it iniUiidwii. dwi'lls.
III
lli- ■ \l
lii'TI'iill lic-i';ir.'lli'-.
dii ilic Nirikiim' ro'iiiithiiir.' win
li Ih \
im'riniii viic
lit'iiis td ilif .\>i.iti. M>
>ii^i(>l
L;itll;illl . la»rs l)dtli iniilrr I llf . dliilildll lit;iii dj' MdliLidl id;
!iii(l l»r ( 'li;,ili'> I'ii ki'iiiiL;. df ili.- Aiiii'ii. mii l'l\i>ldriiiL: ICxinMliiioii. mrix . d ai t in- sniiic .(iii-
rliisidii as till' rr^iili dl' lii> own iiiili'iii'inii ni >iuil\ ol' ilir la^'o
>r Ixiili cdiitiin'iit"
Ni'\ rrl iirli
li.p\\c\ri i:vi'ai iiia\ 1)1' ilid ri'si'.ulij.iii.i' in iii,,ii\
nil
1- III'!
Wi'i'ii tin
tnit' li 'il Indian ami lln' Asi:Ji<' Mdiiutd, il I'alU >lidrl dl r\ cii an apiddxiniati' jdivsnal
itlc'iiiiu. Till' Mdiiuc'liaii dl' Asia i^ iidi iiidci'd id l»i' s|idlM'ii dT a^ diic iiiivaiv iiiii' I vjx'.
aii\ iiid|,' iliau ill'' Aniiri.an Hal tlir I'Xl'iil Id wliirli i !n' Minit^'dlian hi'a<l-rdnii :iii<l
I'l'i nliiir |ih\>iM.^n,iiii\ I haiai I'TJ/r din w idi'i\ diirii>''d MTiidii dl tin' i>d|iiil.,lidii id' llic
I'asii'i'ii rdiiiiiii'iit. L:i\'- il sdrcial indiniii' ini' aiiidii^ ilir \i'Vr;.\ I'lliniral dixisidii- uf
Ihi' iuunaii n
Md'i.
dL!'ll> 142] a^ I 111' (Tallli
apj.'i
I \ dl I'lLilili'i'ii MdiiL;-dl. and
iii'ni,,n ■'kiilK dt InT l liaii 1 miviaii
only 12-'!4 a^ ihai dj' mi,' lnmdriMl and >ixl_\ -I'diir Ai
or AI('xi<aii, |ir I'aiil Tdiniiaiil. in dis.'iisvinn- i|,,. Aiini ii an I\ii<'. add> ; " Il w r aii»
1 lp\ Mdiidii ihc Aiih'iiia.n skull is
' ' lliil 1 'i- Mditdii's 1','siills arc in
Id li'l V dll thr nirllldd df , llhic 111,
a^Uli'lili'llI |dlld\\,M
dill' d| 1 h,' |,-'as| ( apa
idiis df ill,' wind,' li
iini; 11 ra< c
Miiai' iv-ii,'.|v ini-li'adiiiL:. Tin' iiii'aii tapa,ilv \ i.ld,'i| li\ ill,' nica^iiri'iiii'iils ol' '2H
A
iin rj, an skiilU in ili,' I'laliiidv Mii^.iiin ol' Ai<li;rdi
lllllllliiT dl
'iiiali's. 1^ l:;:^.l : and will
1 a , ,,v,'liill\
llv
dii'\ , iinlinliiiL;' a i-di
. I.'d >,
isidcraldt
'V ,'\aliip|,'. \ 1,
ric'«-. ,'Xi llldlllli' rXrr|)tIoll-
:ii,'i- Tw I'lil \ ->i X male ( "alironiiu
d a iii"aii iapa,il\ dl 1 ITu Th,' 1 1 iinin-l idi|ii,,i> , raiiia WduJd
aiiv Iihl:'.' am! -mall ,rania, iIh' irsuiis Wdiil,! h,- In:
rank aindiii:' -ii, li i'X,','iil idiial I'Xanipl
Til'' I'l'l'i'Iliad i-, ilid,', d IdW and ri'icdilili'. l»ut
till' 'J. n.T.
'i''l>i-..l ,'ai)a,ll \ 1- u'
dd"( : ;in<i I M'. .\|d
M.
iidii -p,'' iall\ iidi, - II- apprdxiiinilioii
Id ill,' l.iiVdpi'aii 111, 'all
I
i
■ III aiiv i<l''a dl -iiii;d,' iinil,irmil\ in lli,' ,lliiii,al
iia<'l<'n-i ic- dl III,' \aiidii> raia's
if \dVili and Sduili Aim
ii''a 1- nni>'iiai)l
prdlialnliii,'- rai li
■r lav diiv I hi' idea ol' dil-
I'l'V.'nt i'lliiii al .■■•nivc'-. adi\,'r-ii\ drdii'jin, and ,-,iii-id, r.dd.' admixiiir,' id' r.ii'i's. All
(■vi(l''m <'. iiidv,.,,v,.r. w li,'ili,'i'
pli\ -iral or pliil,ddt:'iial. w liai, \ ■ v ,'!>,
ii iiia\ pro\ I'. li'avi'S
lid I'ddiii I,,;- ddiilii
X,'W Wdild. W
a'^ Id a Ll'V,'al 1\ pl'dldilL;'
I'd pi'ildil dl isdlalldli dj hh' liall\i' rai'i'- ol 1 he
l''l Ih'V I lli'\" lam,' 111
ilii'i- I'ldiii ill,- M.'dil'rraman. in lliai (del mvlhii
dawn ill.' iii,'iiidr\ III' wlii.li -iiivn.'d in lli,' l,"j.iid df a -iilimi'i'a-.'d All
mils ; or tin
ii-'.di'v dt lli.'ir p!iiii:'\al iiii'^validii -lill liii'^-.']--
alildli'j- III,' ladlll'j- iraiis ,il plil lnldii'iial
liliiiiiv w iili ill,' I
lasijiii'- ; nr il. w nil \\\,- -lill nidiv r,.nidi,
imps.'s w in, Il I hi' ai-it ir
aiiiia
ill.' Niw \\dil,l -iippli,'-.
w .
Id lidldw ilir ])al;i'i)lilliir lari' dl'ii'iilrai
Miii'dpi's vinid",'!' |i,'iidd ill till' ldiiM pil-jriniai!-,' Id l'„'Iiiin'j' Slraiis and sn t,. tli,. lat
I'l'
111 r I li'' \mi'iiran MdiiM,,) il,|^ .,1 ],
;i-i. Iiii dill. - nidii' and imni' dli\ idu-. llial llir\-
liriiiiLiiii w illi ill. 'Ill lid an- d.'ii\ I'd
I'diii I li" amiiiii ii\ ili/ai inii- nj'
:\ |il dl- ol' Asia
,iv. ill |.'a-I. a- I III' iidi'l
ll
I'-i'ii ' dill III. 'Ill i- , nil,-, rii,'d, n,, i'\ idi'iin' inids in siiLiii'i'-l that
i"y u-i.':,tl\ dill'i'ivd ai any railii'v p.'ndiliV.im ihi' idiidiimn in wlii.Ii iIu'V wnv I'diind
Aiitl,i..|».l,,..'y, l.y [>:. I'.iuri ..|.ii,;ir.l : l-'.n.-.
"Till' lliiriiH IJiiii' uinl lli'iiil-r.
' laiiia Aiiii'rii'iuui, j. 111").
ill.- . |l. -Isii.
nil." N. S. (■„,„„/„,„ ./,,„,,..//
\..l. Mil., ll. 1 1;
TANADA, A TVI'ICAI; liAd': ()\- AMKIMCAN AHOlJKil N l!.-
()7
l)y <';irli.T wlii'ii lir liist nitiTcd thf Si. Liiwri'iir.-. Thry \vii' ^iKsoliilrly ii:ii(pi;ml nf
iiictiilliiruy : :mtl ii<>t\villi.s|iiii(lii)u- lln- iiIhiikIjiiki' of iMin- nalivt' copii.T iir.cs>ililc to tlicm,
llii'V I'iiiiiini Im' s;ii(| iv ell lu li;i\ i- ;il I :i i iii'd Id ) liii) nidiiin'ii I iivy slii'jc ol'iiK'lalliiri^ii' ail \vlii<li
n|»lnT A^i'." ("((|)|)cr was lo ihciii iiM iimr.' ilun a
Inr I'!
iirupi' IS .s|)(pU.ii ()| ;is its • (
iiiallcal)!.' Sinn.', wliirli ih.v la-liidh.d iiiioax.-s and knives wjili ili,.ir ^iimr liaimii.rs.
Tlicir iKitli'iy was of till' iii(,,i ].riiiiitivc < riidi'm'ss, liiiiid-lashidiifd ],y ilnir wnuini
willioiil llii';iid (>l ilir pHtii'i's wlic.'l. Til.' lirass or si raw-iilaitiff ol iln'ii' l.askii-w dik
llliulll SiTlll 1(1 .'UiImmIv llir liiiil (,!' ill,. WiMVrl's loom : liilt lllr liroilll.|>, ol' thi' rhasc
or lill piiriK.srs of rluihinii'.
lit' .s;i\ :|0-,. of I']]!!
i'uniisli.'d ilniii w iih skills (if the lii;ir ;iiid dirr. siilliciciii I
Tlify had advaiiri'd in no dcuii'i' Icvniid ilir coiidilioii ol' ilic iirolitj
Stoiic Alii', w lii'ii at ill'' ilos.' (d' ili<' lirici'iiih ii'iiliii\ iIu'v Wi'if aliiii|)lly liimitil
tati with its .lilt iiivd ;iiis. 'I'll.' Liillt'd lii>toii;iii. Mr. l-'rainis Parkinau, who has ilimwii -o
lasrinaliiiii' an iiil<'ii'..~i n\ .t iln' slorv ol' lln'ir >liiirf in iIh' Johl'' prol raclid sIiul!uIi' hT iIh'
ll mill roll-
l''rt'iirh and I'liiiili^li (ujdiii^i- ol \Oiili .Ann-iii
avs ol I iii'iu : ■ Anioiiii' all i lii. !
laih.'iiou-
lialiolls of llic ( iiillilh'lll till' lloi|l|oi^ sl;illd piilainounl. I'llililrlll- wlli'h alllulili nlhrr
t lilies \\ I'lc , 1 tide, ( (Ullll^i'd. ;ind I'lulnyol i. . were anicillL; lllein >\ slemal ized :i|ld eon, reled
iiilo an esial(lisli,-d polity. The Inxjiiois was the Indian oriiulinns. A ilinroii'jli sa\ ati,'.
yet a linisli.'d :ind (h velopi'd savaii'e. H,. is peihajis an example of th,' liiiihesi el..v;ilioii
w
hii h limn e^in lejih wiih"iil enier'^in!^- Iioni lli^ priniilivi- condition "!' ih,. Im
I liidi
nier.
e race ;i> lU'ei'ini iieiit aiiiniie- lu'd liKliaii nalaiiis, ll
Yi'l with ihi'- lli'j;ll estilii;ili' 111' ill
aiMs : ■■'riiiii ihe Irniiui'is I'll under their insiii ii
t urhed. Would I'ver ha\ e di'\ ,l,ipi'd ;i ei\ ili'/alioii of l heir ,>\\ n, | do not l(i'li,'\ e. ' ' Tliev
lions tci work oiii ilii'ir de,^iiii\- iindi>
lad not. in truth. Iak<
'11 the liivi >i,.p in sii,
dire, lion ; mid. wei,. ii n,,i I'cr ll
e\l-
(h'liee whieh laii'^iiai:'!' supplies, it Would I
.1 .\
le idliei'lV ;|
Ide thai lhe\. and the w hoh
Ml
hallciriall llallollsoj Anierie:i. ol W lll,|l ll|i'\ men IVpe. Weli' .Molieol lilt rillleis o| ;i later
<late than the North men ol' the PMiih c fiil iir\ : w ho. il seems j-i,- I'l-oin imiuohid)!,', eneoim-
teied oiil\ th,' Mskinio ol' ihe Lalnachir io;i>i, or llieir nnue southern eoneeiiii'^. then
eXlelidiliL;' eollsidelahU I o 1 h,' soul h ol' the SI haw le|i,e. The prevalelh,. ol'ti liiailn-
rephalie tvpe ,d' h(>,id anioiiii' soiilhein Indian tribes, wliile doliehoeephalie eharaeteristies
are eouuiioii lo the j'lskimo and lo the Huroii-IiiKjiiois and other northern Indian nations,
lends some eounleiiaiiee to ill,. id,M ol' the latli'r beiiiii' lIn' prodiiei ol' an inieiniixtiire ol
K'ed Indian and ilskinio hlood. The headd'onns. howevor. tlioutih lioth loiiu'. dill'er in
other respeets ; and there is a like di\ eru'eufc apparent on romparinii' the hones ol'thc I'aee,
with a eiu'respondiiiii' ilili'erenee in their physioLiiiomy.
Dr. l/ithaiii. as alieadv noted, liiids in the lro(|uois one ol' the most lypieal I'aiiiilies ol'
the North .\merieaii r;;ee. and Mr. rarkniaii styles them "ihe Indian ol' the Indians.''
Till' wdiole Iluioii-lroiiuois liisiory illustrates their jiaiieni. ptditie dii)loniaey, ihei, d«'vo-
tion to luiniiiiii' and to w.ir. Ihit their polity ^lave no eompreheiisive aim to wars whieh
rt'dtieed their iiumlteis. and threatened their very existenee as a raee. Tlirouiihout llu'
entire period ol' aiiv dire,i know led'^e ol' iheni hy I'luropeaiis, there is (Oiistaiit i'\ ideiie,'
of the rise ol' i'eiids heiweeii iiu'inliei's oi' tlu' eommon sti.ek, due in part, iiidei'd, to their
heeominu' iiuoix I'd in the ri\ alries of l'"reneh and l"]niilish eolonisls. hut also traii'ahje to
heri'dilarv aiiiinosiii,s perpetuated throuiih niaiiv generations '{"he ^irone-lv marked
Tlu> .It«uits ill N'erth Aimiiia, [i. 17,
68
it\Mi:i, \vii,s()N ON I'm; iiri;t>N luntirdi.s or
(liv('i>iiii'> ill ili^' iliiilri (v ol' ill,' Six NutiniiN i> \i-,-\[ an iviili'nr«' d' llirir l«>ii<j' M'jmviilitm,
iniiir hi till' (lair (if ilii'ii- . Miir,'cl,ialinii. wliirli i^ |M'iii'\ .•(! lo liavi' Ihtm cli'.rtrd ill \]u>
llv tar till' nil '-I inti'ir-liii'^ainl 1 ni^l w'oriln nan ali\ <•
rarliiT ,'iall .i| llh' IiIm'.'IiIIi . •■iiiiiiv
r lhi> lanrntiv I'auU'' i> iiiilMMli.cl li\- Mr I luiai i.> 11
A
ih' 111 I l|f 1 •■iiilUi.ls 1.CI..U i>\ \^\\•
<i>iil 1 iliiiiiMii |i> alMiiiL;inal Aiiiriic all iilcial iii<' ol >iiiL:iilai' i:ihTi>-l aii>l \alU'
i:ii
nilirv^ i>\' 1 hi- '(iiijiili'iarv ihc Tii
M alula- (in 11|)\ a pirllilar |mi-II|(i|I,
Aiiiuiil; ill
lli'\ Well'
rciuiiti'd 111 I 111' < uiiiiiinn >li
-11 r.''i'ntlv a- 171 1. Imi lib ir I ladilioii- ai'ind wiili llidx-
(if iln' wlinl.' lIiiiiiii-lvi"|iiMi- h.iiiiU in pniiil iir^- In l lir LnWiT St l.awTi'iii I? a- ilicir
oiiLiiiial liniiii' : ami ilic (li\ n-il \ of I hi' Tii-iaima diah'il In on I hn-i' nl iIh' nhlci' nations
.!■ ll
(H nil' Irauiii' liiriii-lii'- a \aliia
lih
auii'r (if ih" -iiiiiiliiaiii 1' I'l -111 h iJiU'i'iiii'i's. as
■xiili'lUr (if ihi' h'llul
1 I'l iii'iii'il (iiiiili'j wluih ihi' \aniiu- iiniiili i- (•! ll
I. •■■11 -I'pa'ali'il I hi 'hi' ulinT iiainl. thi' iiiaiiiiiT in w hii h. iii
ihi' al>
lllllllKll
'lice (it
nil- 111 1 iiii-aii:
nilllil \ . and Widi I'Ulctl
stock had 1
any lid-cdiiaiv riiid. ihi' 1 ruijiuii- v.-|ii'.ii'(! il
I hi' riiL;iii\ 1' iiiiniiL^raiil- in 'in Nmili Carol ma. t hiow - an iiili'ii'-i in^j' HliIu on tin' lii-tovy
dt till' rail', ami ihi' lai'Lii' ixii'iii oT rounirv O'liiiiii'd li\ ii in iln' iinii' nl ii- '.iiraiot
liro-|ii'rii 1
lie ratili-l
hoiiic of ihi' wlmii' 11 iir(in-lro(|Uiii- -to. k \va- within ili>' ar.'a laitiriy
I'liiDraiiil III I pifr am
I Liiw.'r ('
aiiad 1 and, t Inri'loii', i hi'\ ha\
a |i.'illllar rjallil oil
llii' iiiii'ii-l o| ( 'aiiadiai
1- a- our pii'iii; -or- in iIh' on noaiion ol ilio -oil ; whili'. in .-o
ar a- II- ai iual oiriiiian' V ii\ lin' n'|iri'-i-iilal i \ (
ihi- loiiiiiion -ii
till' 1 1 nioiiv wcv w .•j.-oini'd
lo a Irii'milv . ll lalal. alllam r w ilh tln' I'alh
1^ nillri'llli'd
|-"li||ih ndoll
isis ; ami III.' I ioiiii..|"
ihi' Six Nation- 1
ia> 1' I'lijoynj a holili'. lindi'l' ill'' liroti'itioli ol'
Eii-l;
iiid. oil ihi' wi'-ii'in Canadian iv,-.'r\ o -rt apart lor tln'ir lis.' a ii'iiiiin at
Th-'iv i- olh' lint;
■.iL^-niiii-aiii. Thi' tai
iii.oii-i-t.ii. \ III ih. t radii loll- oj I
ll' 1 1 iiroii-lri.(|ii(n- w hi. Ii is
hi. ll
"■''> "I ih uinioii >io. k ilw I'll, in -111 h i inn'- a- i lioir oldoi and
uio>i rill !i-ii.ii tradilioii- |iri
il iiioiA, in ili.'ir iiorthi'in In. in.' oii iho Si.
J.awi'.'ii.i'. and iii'.-id.' ih.' Lii.'al -I'a. il
W
rank I'd al.-o ainoii!j- I h.' ;iiii ii'iil 1 i ad it nni- of tin
iinptundx.'.pi'r-. ■ or olhrial aiinali-l-. that
tln-r.' laiiii' a t inn' \\ hm
iii-i'. ill' Caiii'
IroiM w liat.'N iT
ii'ja^ — l\:i-ii\ i'iidM'diad<a or l'"li
111
p.'op
ihi' M.il
law
tin
Id.-st
l""'l"'i'" "I 'hi' taiiiily. hd ihi' \va\ troin ill.' noiihi'in -lion' ol i|
lal.'r hoini- in what i- ii.iw iln' Slal.'of N.\\ \'..ik.
ll' M Law I'liii' III I lii'ir
■liara.-li'i- oT ihi- h
111 ilii' ll iii'iii' and pri'hi-lorii
ii'r tradiiioi! i>
lloW II ll\ I
hi' la. I ll
and Si ii.'.-a-. .dl ilainn'd lor t In'in-.'l \ .'- i
lat till' I lin-id:,-. ( lliiimla'jas
I" cliaraitiT ol anio liihon,.- m ilnir laii'r Inn
no
III' piv. I"
.1 wh.
a. .ordiii'.. lo ihi' . h.'ri-hi'd h-^i'iid ol ih.' ( hii'ida-. tin \- lili'iallv
s|.raii.j- li'.iin Ih.' -..ll. I- -nil mark
1 (ilmirid -v.'iiili'. iViim w hi. h ili.' 1;
iVoin 1 h.' -1..!!.' ' ll
'V ■' ih.' t •ii.'ida Si. III.'." ;i Ii
\'j<- lioiild.'i' (
>l lli'-li-
tli'l' 1 all.'d ihi'ln-i-h 1'- ( I
lllola-aU'j, ■■ ll
II'
li. Lliit
o. . M pi.'- a n.iiimaiidiiiL: sili
oVi'! lo.ik.liM- a tin.
-"■"'' 1""^ "" 'h.' On, a. la Lak.' Ihit a. .ordiii- to Mr llah
• •Xliall-i' 111 rollllll'V
I ll.' liaiiii' of I hi' ( liii'id;
nation, in iln' . ..limil
ill.' iia'ju.'. was Xihiiliniiifii/,
"■'■•• l>i'0|il.'," or liii'i'aliy ■ llm j' ihn -'r-'al
pn.haldy as an ali.'i'-i hoii'j'hi. wnl, ;, |,.n,.nd
('"•". u-iiall\ ri'iidi'ri'd tli
1' 'JV>-.i\
11- di'siu'iiai ion i- loniii'i'ird, nio-t
111' ImiLi'-.'mhirimj'
till' I
11, mi'i'iiii-' of their pi'oph' with Iliawatl
la.
Iraturc- whi.li di-
I'-iiii' ol Ih.. |ro<|n(ii- 1- lori'iiiost ai
liiiuni-h thi- ri'inarkahh' ran' of \
none- till' 1 haractoristii
iifrii an alioriLiiin'- from llii
lr..i(M..ih l;.,..k ..I i;
nWADA. A TVI'K Al; UArl'.oh' AMKI.'K'W A ItnlJH ;i \K
r,<)
A l'^<iiil<iii>. iiiid ulhcr riidtT Irilx's of Noitli AiihTii;i. Tlir >li>iv ol' lliiv |.:imui' ]i;i^ I n
li'|M';il('(| Ity >Mi rrv,si\ (• llillll i lill'J' ll i^l dlill Ms. ||(>l willinlll lln tc >rir;i 1 cXil'JLlc'V.it iolis
iMiriuwcd I'lMiii till' iii>l ilul inns i,\' "ivili/rd n.iliniis. IkiiIioI' iiiiiicut .ind inMd<iii I
II I iiii'-^.
Mu|-j;il| s;i\ s (iT llli> I lil.;d lllliuli : ■ r lld'T lll<'ir r>'ilcT,i| s\ v|,.ii|, till' 1 1
illdrlii'iid.'iico. iilld r;i|i;il(l<' nl' >.'l I'-J Hi >1 «it jnii. Uiwj; hIIit llf \i'\v ]•
II
rii(|ii'ii-« iiniii i^li<-<l III
ii'jLiid iiiid \'ii'jiiiiii
iii'is li;id siiri«'iidi'ri'(l tlii'ir jurisdirticnis. mid r;ill<'ii iiiin \\i<' iLiidiiinii nl' <l'|i"ii<l' iil
ll;ilii>||s; ;i||(| l|ii'\ imW sl;illd liillll llpcill I Im- ( :in\ ;l^-> nf 1 lldi;:ll Ili-Inrv . pi .iiiliclil ;i|ikc
\'i>v till' w i-~d(Hii id tlic'ir ii\il iii>iit lit imis, ilicii' >;i'.^;irii \ in ih,. ndniiiii^l r.ii imi nf tin'
;il;i1'', :iiid lln'ir iniinnji- in lis dcli'in
W
•II ilii'ir |Mi\\ ,■!■ imd sci\ rri'i'jiii \ liimllv
piissi'd iiWJiy. II \V;iS lillnliull tin- i'\ rills nl lii'ilii'lll! lllti'lrnlU'^". lilllduiilK [ >Im:^ I I'-^i n li' t(
lliis ri'siili."' SiliDidiTiiri ill liki' nnminT irli'fs to ■ilirir
iii|\ Jini'ini'iit 111 I h.
■CI Miiiin V
i\ iii'j' III iii'iii^. Ill tli|iliiin;iiy, ami iii ii\ il |'iilit\. as r\ nli'ii'-.. nl ;i n^niuP' dai^ I'm'
llli'ir riiliri'iii'larv
lilt wliijf tliii^ iiiiil ra^i iinj till' ■imW'T and sii\ .•r.'i'jiii \ " nl tin
lftM|iiiiis \\ it 11 lln- " di'jMiidi'iii natii'ii^" in t In- ^niil li SiliMidiial'i |i'a\i'>ii ni.iiiiri-i ilmi,
r\
■II ill till' si'vciiii'fiith ri'iiiiiiv. tlii'ir wlndi' nunilM'!- r,.|| s|i,,ii id' l.'nni)
\varrior> uv liiilitiiiLi- nnii wry.- i;ir
•liilK rsiiniali'd in ICTT at -JJ-.m. Tli.' d
^illd lll.'ii'
i\.i-iiv i.r
dialrrts id' till- diU'i'ii'iit iiii'IiiImts III' till' li'auui' is a v.iin-, ,■ ,,| ,iiriiin> inti'ii'^t tu tin-
|>liilii|iivisl : Inn tin- I'ait thai. aniniiL;- a p. 'nidi' minn'iirall} ^n -niall. Imal diaji'ii- wi'Vi-
I litis pri'i I'l iiiiii'd, i- a pf( mi' III' till' \ i'i\ p;iri iai iiillni'tn i' nT i In' Icnj in' a^ a I mi id nl' iininii.
It siTVi's III illiivi i;ii,. th,. M-.'in'i';d di'l'i'i I nl' naii\i' Anniirmi pnlii\ ■ Nnilmij' ^.ivs
Max Miilli
r. ■■ sill pri-
ll till' .li'^iiit
inis^iiiii.i iii'^ s'l ininli as lln' ininn'ii-'' nnnili'i n
III I \i\-. lai' Irmn lu'linj- a ini
a lii^li
laiiLiiiau'i's spnki'ii 1>\ till' iial i\i-- III .\niriiia. I!
stale III' ri\ ili/at inn. rallnT slmwi'd that tin' \aiiniis lai''"- nl' Annric.i Imd in'\ >'r ^nl,
V li'ii'^l 11 III I inii'
In ;i pii\\ .'t I'lll piililiral > i illii 'II I la 1 inn Tin' llmpi
ii|^ Wi'li
mil I'd fur an
iiiidiMi'iii'd! V pri'iiiiiiii'iit ill iln' hi'.^lii'>i \irtin's nl iln' s.ivnii-,' : and iniild iln'\ hav^
Its <,| .,|-ni.^-|v^v 111
iiiiili'd with tlnif iniiiai;'' and piT^isti'in v in war ^nim' "i' tin' I'li'im't
I'iviliz; ti.ni asi-iilu'd in tln'in. tln'\ mi'jhi lia\i' pinvi'd lln' ii"jvin'rainf^ nl' iln' rniiiim'iit,
am
1 fi'siTVi'd il jnl' pi'l'llialli'llt niillliat inn I
)\ laii's I
i mil i\ ■' 111 iLii
W
I'Ti", IT I Ili'V
Wi'llt, sa\s >r|l(m
li'lMl'l. ■■ tl
n'\ 1 an It'll pvi
III lln'll' I'lHTLiA. inllf;
iiiil iiiii'iiiri-
At
nil' p'lind
\vi' Inar llii' -Miiind nl' tln'ir \\ai'-ri\
hil;' tin' Strait- id' iln- Si . M;
r\ s. ami
al till' liml (iT |,aki' Siipi'rini' : at aiinllnT. iiinliT tin' walls nl' (^Im'l
didrali'd till' Ifiiroiis iimli'f i ln' I'Vi'snl' lln- l''irinli " ' And all
Id'i'. wli'T'' t ln'\ liiiall V
I'T ■jlain iii'j- al I In' Inn'.^'
liistiiiv id' tlnir 1 liiiinphs, ln' adds : " Xaliniis ii'i'inldi'd wlnii il
n'\ In'aiil t In' iiann- nl t In
Lntlii-lltnlll
\
ill nldi'l' ri'lltllfii's. W'lliii' llli' iIuiiill-Trn(|Univ >| ill ri.llslit llti'd niH' linit'd pi'n])]!' ill
llii'if am-i'siral Innin' lo lln' mtitli nl tln' Si. l/iwri'ini'. tln'V iiiii-t lia\i' li > ii lialil.' to
loliiart with till' I'lskiinn. hnlh oil lln' north and tin' I'a-l ; and u-'iaiK a- iln- 1 w n lai.'s
III in nil In 1ml h is llnl i>lll\' sUl;'i:'i'-I i\ i' 111' pos-il
la'hiin'iils nil I hi' l>kiiiio
in i'afl\ ri'iii iirii'- hs'
dill'iT. till' dnlii ln)ri'j)]ialii' typi' ol' linad in
inti'iiiiixtui'i', but also ol' cxidi'ini' of I'lni'i
this aii'ii'ivs.sivn rai'iv In thn sixti'i'iith and si'\ nntncnth ri'iii utii's. as proli:il.l\ at a
iiiiirh rarliiT dali'. wln'ii tin' Irn(|iiois had j'artrd IVmn tin' Wyamlnis or Iliiinii-, .hi'V
' l.i'll'-'llr i.f llli' IniilUols, [1. -1.
' Null's nil IJKi li'oiiiiiii.s,!). al.
' Li'i'turrs nil IliiiSi'inlu'ii ill" l.;nii;iUl!.'0, ."(ill I'll., [1. TiS.
' .'xuti'si nil tlio Iroiilluis, J). 51'.
fO
ItWII'.l. WlI.SitN t»N Till', mi.'iiN IK'ni'lnls (>K
1
J
Ki'tiiiiif iiiit|\ii>liiiii,ilil\ //;* :iL!iiic'^>ivi' Vihc ot iIh' Ni'iiIu'IM > (.m iiiciit : ;iliil utTf :iii
olijri I i<[ (ln':i(i In \\i(|il\ M'vrn'd ii;iii(iii>. Tlirir ciiriii'sl lin's wiTi |in>ltiiMy llic AlsfDii-
,111^. \\ IlllN ' (
ni'Jlll,.! IlKllh' ;.lil>r,ir> In ll.i\i' li>'i'U I ii t \\ ( ■( ■!!
i.iik'' Siiin'iinr iiinl ilniJNnii
15 V. \,'\ I'Vlli.jf*-. lll<l.' \\:i- ^1 llllli' ;i inlilillU' h' ill'' I IMil 1 1 MH s nj' I .n| ||, ;i | .]i:ir.ll I 1 y ill
>nlnr nil] |.l- -( 'nllimlil,,!! ' I'll I U l\ , wlhll Irn(Hlni> iilld A lli'nllklll-^ idlll l)i lie d lllrll' I'nl'ifS
liCXlllhl >lnrk, \\ lln.v II ., lih' Ml I \ 1 \ I'S i II llllli nllllc A ilrn'lijill V
iiixi ill ■ AlliLii'U i.
,1 Inll
iiiiiiiiii,,iii'- :.iiil ru rr.
Ill'' 'Jl'"\S lllL^- Ix'll.'l In W I'll jnUlliird ll|,,l l|h\ W I'l'.' IIU' ^n-r
llird
M^
miHl-l.lllliIrl- (I
t ill.' Ml-
l-^li'l'l :lll'
Olii.i v.dl'.'V.v I
ii'\ iiiii^l li..\'' 1 11 ;i iiiiiiKToiis
'I ill', (I illjiX ill'/ ;i l«'niln'\ nf yTfiil I'M I'll I. ;ill<l i.illV ill U' I'll :i'/l'i' nil lll'r nil ;i IiI'mi' m;i1
':il' .'I- ll|.'l..lllir!j-V lllill ' ril>-lill U->\ nl > \\ lll/.,.llnll. - l- ml
iii'iiH'd. llii'\ li;id lint ailv;ilicfd
li '\ mid 1 Ih' -iju'i
.11
IIKJlinl-^ |'lnijri'» lilll llli'll li(>l!i'l\ W a^ I^ 1 > 'II I I \ -ll|ii'llnl In illlV <l'I'-
lll'l! illliilllnU- i.ll\llll>'> ill >lnlli' liavi'
,■ mil- ;.rl 111 ll|i' li'Lllnll ;Mnlllld I ln' i:'l i',. I ImIm's
i II nhji'iiv III' \\ iili-^iui'ad iiiii'i'i'-i wiiili' lln'ir -in'jiilar li'i'iniii't liral I'ariliw nik> slill
imX/l.' ill \lililii,.ll ;,ri'ii;rn|ni^i>l. Ilnlil lll ■ .'\ idi'll.i' llli'\ -ImW nl' >kill in a |>i'n|di' >lill
dill' I'.'lind Till' nlliv I nlli i'i\ allli' vnllll lull nl ll|i' lll\>|i'l\. aS It
Ill-all'. Ill llni)' --I
Ni'i'lll- In HI''. 1UI1>I III
'il li.r III I Ik
avi. ili>li!ii I I'-niii ill.' i;n.' ii;ill\
\ .,llr\ >. a^ 111 li'l
\1
>>lllllli| |n|| llial Niillli'
■W i >ln.k. I llllli 111 I hi
I ii iiidii ' nl' l!raiiiiiii< al
I' -jK';!! iiniiln'iii livcr-
11 . and. liki' I hi' iii\ ilii' t^iin'i/.d. nai 1 nl ili.' AaIi , v. laii'/lii ilii'iii aii'ri.ul-
I iii'i'. and diii'i i.'d ill.' .nil I '11. I inn nl i!i.' iiiar\ I'llmi- lai ihw mk^ in w hii h i hnv n\\ i' ihrir
la! I' di>ii;i. ii\-.' iiaiii" lliii jnr ^niiii' niikiidw n I'l'ii-nii \\\.-\ iiin\nki'il ih.' iiniii'd liiry of
lrip(|iiniv and \ l.jnnkin- ; mkI ..Ii.t |nii!^-|irnii'a ii'd --i lili' w I'l.' di i\ I'li mii. or .'Mi'Viniiiati'd.
\ I mi. Ill- plia-.' nf i 111 ipii '11 1 iiaiivi' ■ i\ ili/.al imi iliii- pi'i i-lnd aii<l. imi w iih->liindiii..i all tin'
inniaii. !■ alia, li.'d I" I li.' iraiiiii' nl i In
Six \al
mil--. II i- iniiin-Miili' In , I'lilii 1 lii'iu al aiiv
■la'/r ..| lli.ii klmwii lii-lni\ w II li llii' a. Iiii'\ I'liiiiil
:iiiii!ivi' ..11- .,■• \\.' niii-i UM III'.' in ihi- am i.'iii
nl Mhil a lP|nU!'i'N> 111 a'/l 1. U 1 1 IIM' nl'
I
li'iunipli nl Ih.
prnp
ill.- < »ll|n \ alll'\
'lilni- 111 lIu- iniiL:-l>inl r.i- ii'd wailaii' i
iia\ lia\ I' I II tlUi
III
th
h.iULiliiN .-iM'i! wlii.-ii ilniii .'Imili (iciiiaiidcil a r.
n^IllUnll nl llli-ir .'-IJ I Hi'luai - \ IVnlil
-iliMniinliiiii' ;mi ;nii>.
lii'ii- iiarl lal hi-lnfiaii- a-i-i il),' |i, I
I'lii a -.iniil III iiiaL/iiaiuiiiil \-
III ilii
u-i n| ill. '11 iin\\i!-. :,iiil a 111 'dialniial ml
niiiW |i'(
Il;i'>1 ili"i!' >iii
ii'i-niai
i'r|inMiinii aiiiniiu llii' wi'aki'i- iialiniis lliat
II
•\ iipii.ar. mil I. in lia\ .' aiiaiii «'iili'r.'d iiilnalliaii
\\ 11
h : n Ahaiinkin iiaiinii in ilii' railv ji'Tind n\' ihi'ir li-anii.' 'I'lu'lr aiiiialisi> 1
laV.' In.iis-
iiiilli'il I
h" lll.ninl-\ nlallialN i-lln l . d \\ ll ll ihi' Mjll,\\;iv.. uh.'ll ill.' lalt.'r dw.'ll nil th.•
-llnI.'- nt Lak.' Snpi'i'in:- ; and ilii' ni.'.'i I iil;- pla.-c nf i h,. i \\ n |.n\vi'i lul ran',- \va> al ilii' uTcal
li-l:iiiL;-Lii-iiili:d nj' ilii' Sanli ."^li- Mali.' laiMiU. wiilnii ii'ai-li nl' ll
|i' I nplii'l-ld'anilLl- I'l
-ai^^Ui' ihi'li olalili.-lii'd i> ln-lirvi'd In ha\i' I
•k
1' ill.' Ki'W I', iiaw ii.'iiin-nla Tin
•iihrnilx niaiiiiaini-d nil l.ni li -id.'- !nr iipwanU nj' i un lumdii'd M'ars I'.ui it' .sn. it iiad
(I'i'ii
• pla. .'(1 liv l.iiii'i- r.'iid in ih.' iniiTval l>i.| \\ ith il
In I 111' M Law I'l'ii.
ll' \ i.-ils nl ( 'artiiT and ( "hainplaiii
ll" lll-lmii al >!i:lllili i, 11,-1' u;I\ I'll In ll
■nd III lli.iwalli.i l)\ ill.' I (ilii'i'i'iil
nallaliv.
iiiL;i'n;nii-l\- .|.'ili
1' I'd l.\ Mr llmalin Hal ■ iVmn ih;' ■ lr,i,ni..i- Ilnnk nf 1
Pi'lll! In ,, liili'j j,,^I ,.r;| ,,| |,;.||,
hll..> .si'('lii> lo
1' '111 nil'' and -n. lal plnM-r,'-- alllnli'J- Mli' 11 11 Inli-j l'n(|Uni>
l'i>> 'll" '•'■- i- lM-.-('ii|iiiiil,iaii and iiiuhii-, Th.' pip.' ,,[' \>,ih;' had Im'i'Ii I
'inl ill" lilllli-d InMl.diaW k l-i'.'n\ I'l-i'd, whi'll llii' r^ii'lv l''|i'n,h I'Xpl.
>wj.' I'Xi iiiLiUi.-^hfd
ri'i> wi'ii' Itiniiiilit into
""'■'■' ^^"'' '•'■■ ll'"l""l^ ■""• Hlllnliv Th" !ll>lnl-y nl I 1 1 , ' i 1 , 1, ■, 'd s, a., l. '. n]', j. 'd liy th.
• li'Mlil l-alhiT- Irnlu pilMinal nl.M'lVallnll, 1. M'|,l,.t.. u,lh,h.' I'l 'h 'HI loss l','!'*.,- i I y (.r Ih.
lANAKA. A TV I'M A L |{A(K (.K AM Kith 'AN A! 'MfKllMX
71
s!i\ ;ii!i'
\v
ir wii- tli<ii |>;i-liiiii' ; iiml llicv were \-\i-y rcmh lu wil. iim,' ili.' < all i
<• .nil
liil SmIIi' riilllf ill t'Olltili't willl llii'lil (III till- (lisnivr) V <>l llli' Illinois : :ill<l ( ';i|ilaill .lolili
Slllilll. tin- I'lmiHiiT III Vil'jilliil. ' II' I'llllli'lcil llirir ralmcs i>M lllr ('Ili'^a|>i%ll\i' liav Ik-aV-
iiiu :i l>;iiitl til IiiM|ii«>iv Will lidis Id ijn' imilmii s di' llif rowlialtaii . iiiiiicl> lai v Tin \
\\ iTf llii'ii. iis '-x <■}-. llif -aiiii' iii'tri' iiianiiitli'fs. iiil'ilriaiit III' ■•(|ii;ilil \ \\ iili am in iulili"iiMii'j
lril»i'. Till' Sii>(|iiiliaiiiin( ks cxpi'iii'iic .'(1 at tln'ir hands llic saiin' liil •• iis I he A lliLitw i.
'riir l,c'li;i|>i'.s. Sli:;\viicii-., \a III icoKc-. I iiMliii-. I d'h. \v;irc>. Muiim'i's and Maliliat laiis. wiTi'
MHtc»i\. ly ii'diiri'd III ill.' . oiidilii'ii dj' di'ix'iidi'in tiilii's. I';\ .•n lln' ( 'aiiar^i' liidiiiii>nr
I^hil;' Island Wfir n<>l ^iiif I'lnni llnir \ I'li'jcnn. i' ; iiinl llifir puwiT •^n'Ui* in li;i\ c Ih'i'Ii
tlrt'iidcd iliriiULilnnii ili«' wlmlc ir'jion iVoiii lln' Aihiniir in ilir Mi--i>-ijiiii.
Ii llius iii>|ii ar> piulialili' lli;.l in ri'iimli' rciil iiiii>. In'lini' ihr tli^i uvii\ nl Aimiiiii
liy I'luitipciiii \ i>\ aiii'is, till' ii"jiiiii t'Xlmding' wi'slward IVmu ilu' Lalnadm iii,,>i in Laki'
Ontiiriu. ii' n<ii. indi'i'd. in Lake Huron, had lii'm in oriupal ion li\ i Iiom' wlm < laiiind to ln'
ji lit oi ill lion I's ; lliouuh w r liii\ r now no otluT know Icdii'col' llii* lliaii whiit in;i\ In' didiii I'd
iVoiii ihi'ir ow n liiidili >n-> oT niiiiiiit ion and w iir. Miii tliou'jh thus 111:1 i nl !ii ni ii-j' ii liiiiiulilv
ini'doi
niniiih \ : >o
i'iir ii> liii'ir:.rl> iiiiiird ;iii\ r\ idmc.' of
l>io<ir.ss. thry Will' III I iinr
ill ill-'
W :i> o\ c'lM roWII \\ 1
inliinry. Thf ■ ouiiliy o. < upicd Ky ihi'in. cxri'iii in .-o lar ;i> it
I'ort'st, wiis wril adiijilcd I'm- nuTiniltuii' : ;iiid llif Iid<niois and IIun)n> ;,lik
iiii{i;iri
is work w;.s riiliii'lv
liivoiiriildy willl lln' Abonkins in ihi'ir a'^iiciill iinil indiisirv. i>;ii tii
ciirrird on Kv ih<- woiiumi. wliih' llu' sh;.ri' •<[' ihc nn'ii in ilir Joini |>io\ i>inii ni imid
\V!IS the 'irodui I olth.' rllilsc Tll'' In'alltii'lll I'cLlion Wll> still so 1:
HLiVp,
iiiidir joii'st that
il must li;i\ I' allordi'd aluindant n'soiirci's lor ihr liuulrr; Inil it luiiiislu'd im I'ariliiirs
lor till' iiiiiiiLiuiMl'on oj' a ropprr or liroiizr iiyc, siiiji ;is the shoii's oT Laki' Siipi'i ior in \ aiii
oli'i'ri'd to its Aluioiikin iioinads. ( H' niclidlif ores they had im kiiowl. 'dLir; and wliih'
tlicy doulitli'ss prizrd thi' « oppcr lnoiui'lil oi-i asioiially IVoni Lake Supi'iioi-. rop|hr iinpii'-
iiii'iits ari' lari' ill iln' rri:ioii wliii h tlu'y ornipird. 'ilnir old alliaiii '■ with ilic \lL;onkins
of till' grrat roppi'i' ii'Liioii had loiii;' <onii' to an riid ; and wln'ii tiny raiiii' iindrr tin'
liotici' of till' I'li'inh anil ICniilish < oloiiisls, llic Ali;onkins jiad joiind wiili iln' lliirons
as the most iiowi'ii'iil and iniplac aldi' roi'sol'tlir ImijUois r(iiil'iMlrra<y.
Ill till' ain iriit waii'arr in w hii h Aluonkins ami Jluroii-IroijUois ;ir.' I'ouml iiniicd
aiiiiiiist till' nation ol'tlu' L^ii'al ri\rr vallrys, wr s.'i' i'\ idi'ini's oi' a roiilliri InlwiTii
widi'lv distiint sio.ks of iiorihi'in and soiithi'iii oriiiin. It is an ania'^oiiisin hrtwrii
Wi'll-driiiird dolirhori'phalir and hiachyi I'lilialir lai rs. In tin' doli(liori'|)hali' Iioijuois
or IIiiioii. \vi' h.ivi' till' iiiuhi'sl 1 \ i>i' ol' tin' I'ori'sl sa\ a-jr ; no noiiiad. Iml imiiitaiiiiii'.^- as
lis ow II till' ti'rrilorx ol his lathris, and huildima pah-
■d town-- loi ilh' M' iii'i' sin liiT
riiis propli'. 'I'lii' Krai-ln ri'phalii Mouud-lSuil
'1-. on till' olln'i- hand. iiia\ ^i i|| -ui\ i\
th
111 olli' or ollli'r oj t llr 111 rill Ik 'I s oj llli' si'ini-rl \ lll/.i'il \ 1 1 laLl'i' ' oimii 1111 1
il ii'> ol' \'>'\\ M
I'xn o
ir Arizona. I'liit ii' suih atti'miils al tin- intrri>ri'tat imi of iiaii\i- lr,;diiioii> hav.' am
valui'. thi'V i-nrrx us hack to pri'-Coliiniliiaii ri'iitui irs, and ti'll of loii'^ \
rot l.alril si I'ii;
until what inav
it lifsi lia\ 1' lii'i'ii no iiiori' than I
II' an'ii'l'i'sstoiis ol wild iioriin'rii raic
trmptrd 1>\ till' irsiuiirrs oj all iiidiistiious a'aiirii 1 1 Ilia 1 loinmuiiil \ . Iii'iaiiii' a w.ir id'
I'Xti'r 111 illation Tin' I'lahoiali'lv loiistiiirti'd I'orls ol tlir Alound-ltiiiklcrs. n.i h'ss aliuiidaiil
tliroiiiihoiil till' (tliio Valley tliiiii thrir lurioiis ut'oiin'triial i-arthwoiks, prove tin' skill
iiml determination with whieh the auiiressors were willistood, it may he tlirouiih suc-
cessive ireiierations hel'ore their iiiial ovevthrow.
>'-
72
i)\Mi"i, wiisns (>\ Till' iin;<>\ ii:(M,.iois dF
I
i
'I'llf pi. I ls.il. -4 lll.ll:ill l.'U II "I 1|... ll.'h.U.i "II'' "I ill'' ' lll''l Hll'.lll . .nll.'^ol 111.- lllllilll-
il ill.' r:i. • . Mini ;i >:iiii|«l.' "I llic hiti'i lliiit'ii (I. r.in'1's oil
i..(|U..i^ I nil. ^ ill 1
I.' I'ld.-I' linlih' .
til.' (i.'.'iijiaii l'>;i\. •■i""'l. Ill 111'' MM.'.'iitli . .'iiiui
\ . Ill ill. I""! "T M"Uiil lv<'\ ;il \\ li'ii' <' III
lii V "I M.'iiii.'.il i:il\.'- 11^ mini.' . iiii.l >"iu.' ..!' l li.' i \ |>i. a! -kuli> "l il> .'M n.. upiiiN. .•!> well
;is II I II I iiiipl'iii.'iii- aii'i iM'il.'rv I'll III! ii^ ^ii.'. III.' I 111 \s i>rc-.'i \ I'd in iln- iniis.'iiiii ..f Mcdiil
l"iii\ ..i^ii\ Tli.' l.iiii'i' I'.'li.'s r.'\ '-ill II" iii"i'' ili^iii li:i<l ImiL!' I ii r;iiiiiliiir in lli.' r.'iiniiiis
w 111. Ii J 1 1. II 1 11. 1 w II 111 II ill.' iir.'ii .'I' ill'' li.Kiii.ii- . 1.11 r.'il. I'll. -N . .'III. I .'l-.wli.'i'.' ilir. -ii'.'li.'iil ill.'
Il^l.'l II ^1 :l|i'^ I
N..!iii \iii.ri.;i. Til. II .ill I li.'iiw :ir.' \. ••><..•!«. w .•!.• (l.'.'..i:ii..I wiili li.'iriii
liiiii.' .iinl .iih.'i III. i-.'.l i>;.l l.i II- . ;iii'l lli.'ir I.iIm.. .i-i>i|>.'> ;iii.| I li" liiiiiiil.'- kI' tli.'ir «l;iy
li.iw N \\.'i. ;J liiii.'o iii.|.'U iii..i|.ll.'il iiil" liiiiii:ili iilld aliiliiiil r'>nii>^ Tifir ililii|''lii''Mts
.1 llllll .ill'l -I. .11.' W .'l.' I'lltl,
1\ iii.l.' Tli.'\ lin.l iiili.'i ii.il ii.iiu'ir.' tliiiii ill.' iii<i>l 1111:1111 il.
Ml\ hl;.' :il 1- ; i.ll'l W ll.ll I ll">'' \\ .'I'.' Ill l.'llLlI II -lll"'V-.''i''<l III >"lll'' 1
(I''''!''''. l>v illlpj.
III. Ill'
MIKJ \\.'J|>..||
iiiiiiiil.'-
,iir"i'.
:iii iiiiiiiiira. liir. . lli.v pvi/.il ili.' ult.
H'.'.liv.' wcajiKii. lull
r.i all a|ipi'aiaiii-c,
ilii'.iiiLili iiiiiiiiiiiii.r.Ml . .Ill mi. -. ill"' li'l'' "I liuiiiaii liL' lia- .'bli.'.l mi. I ll.iw.'d in llic valli'V
II. I d.'>ir.' I'll iiia>l.'iiliL!' Ill'' all- l.i win li il \\a- ilii'
1 11.' M 1/1 w r.'ii. .' a- mipr"ur.'->'U .'U
a- .'II I 11.' iii'.'al >l.'pp.'S"l' \siii. SU( li loot prints
I 11.' \\ ;ill.|' r.l» ll;i\
Il .'11 ill.' -iiii.U ..r iiiii.' I'll .'iil\ "T ill.' iiii.liaiii:iii!j' r.'.'iirr.'ii.'c of
L;'.'li''i'al i"ii> ..| lii''ll a- s .'ar- al
1. 1 . .'Ill iiii.'v . :iiii'' ami pa--''(l awav. lllu>lial inns ol' mil i
\ '•
.11 ai'' ii'.w \ 'I \ laiiiiliar I" u-. Tli.' an. I'lil ilinl-j>il- ha\ .• Im'.u .'Xpldi'.'d ; and I li.' Hint-
i, I'll-' iiiipl'iii''nt- .il waraii'l ih.'. lia-.' w.r.' ilic
i'"|i'> lill.j I'.ll'J Il-Il.'\\ II ll.'.llll.'- 1'.''. .'!.'.
\\>
ill'' In.li.iii l)ia\ .' ]Ii>
'1
p.'ar- ami uri'iw li-'ail--, i',:- kn i \ i'>, clii-
ll> iind liaiii-
iii.'Vv, 111 llllll ami .-t.iii.'. al.'.iiml ri>li-l k>. lam .'> nr -p.'ar-. aw l>. IkmIUius, and oiIi.t
ii|«i''iii.'iil- "1 llllll.' a 11.1 d.'.r'- 1 1.1 I'll, a I'' III 1 1.' 1.'-- .'"I'limni. Tli.' lii'^li.'-l .'li'. iil.s dl' arl i-i ii-
-kill w.'i'' .■\p''m!.'il ..11 ill.' . ai\ iii'^' .if hi- -Imi.' pip.', ami la-liimiiiiLi' ili.' |iipr--i<'iii. Tli.-
p. .11. TV. ill'' W'nk "T r''iii.'li' liaii.l-. i- u-n.'ilh in lli.' -inipl.'-l -la^.' ol' .iiai'-.', Iiaml-inad.',
Ill ill'' .-'ill .lax. ,'ir.' ill'' . .in\ .'lli imial r.'iii-.idii'i ions ol'
li. lil.' w;
llt'TII-. III. i>
ill.' 'jia-- "T -I '.aw plaiiiii'j. ..v ;ii iini.-. lli'' :i.i mil inipr.'.— imi- "T lli.' .■(>rd;i'_''.' or w i.'kcr-
ik !i\ wlii'li ill.' l;ir'j-''i- .'kiV \.'-<.'l.- w .'i.' Ii.'M
iT.'.iK I
III -liap.'. 1'
I I ..' (
1 l.'il 111 III.' Mill
•.■i..r«^
ili.'X wr. inip.'i I.'. 1 1\ liiini''i iiiilic pnmiin'' kiln liiii i In' p..tl.'r al-o imluiu'.'d li.'r
' .'.- .i| 111. 'II ;iml luiinial-. a- lli.' liamllcs of tin'
am \ i.i 1 nil'- in m"il.'lliiiL: ail i-i i. (l.'\ i
-llliill.'l w :
I .'. "I' I 11'' I' I nil- 111 will' li I in- .la \ i.ihii.i-o-pip.' w II- \\ r. ni
Lilil. \.'\ .rlhclc-s ll
\..nl
i''i 11 ' "111 im'iii liii'j'r"d I'l ill'' 111 -I in ii- priniitiv .' .'-Iiil:.' "f ii''"lil lii' art ; and ils iii.)>t
n..ii li'i !i w 'T.' II- iii.l''-t 1 rill''-, mil il
w iili ill'- iii'j''iii"ii- lii.mli w "ik "T i In
.'-p.'.iiillv w ii Inn i Im i.r.ii ..j ili.- M.
w .' ini-- w 1
.1111".
I liiii ill'' \ i.t i.- . ii.'li'. ami
nil.' in . (iiila.'t
'111 11 waiil li.'\.iml I 111' 'jr.'iil ial
and
mi'l-liiiil.l.'i - II in, Hill. -I iiii].r'i\ .'in.'iii i- ii"ii<
iiiK.' in ili'-ir -i"ii' . .n ■. 111^- iiml ih.'ir m.
i.l.'lhm^' in.|a\. 1 li.' imn''' arn-i 1.- d.'siLi'ii and
'Ill'l lim-li "I im1n-i ri.'ii- >.iil.-.l • '.niinnnii i.
Ill'- iijipar.'iii. SliU I'linli.'r I.I llif soiiili.
I li.' .Ii\ .'r-ili'-'l iiiLii'iimi \ "!' lam
} i'-p"iali\ in ill.' p..iii'r\ . I- -ii'j'.^-('-n\
"I all inllu.n.
mi'' \\ .'-l.'rn l rili.'s w as
d.'iiv.'.l ri'.'iii M.\i.iiii ami I'.'nuiaii ail Til.' .arv .'.1 wnk ..1
al-" "1:1 lii.^h.'t 'liara I.'!' I'.iii I ak i ii'j -ii' li \\..rkat 11- li.-l ii .an m it . ..ni pa i'.- in>kill
"!■ 1"'" "' •■! iiiiliix. Willi ill" imln-lrial ari- ,,r j;m'.,p,.-.v ii..,,liil,i'' a-v This r."^i..ii has
'"''■I' \i^i''d ami .'xpl..ivd 1,\ lain.p, ;iii. i,,,- Inll) tlir •.'iiiiiri.'s ami a hall', diirim^' a
'•"■->• p"iii"ii "I w 111' h lini.' ih.'v ha\ .' I n p.'rnian.'iit -.'tih'r-. lis soil has 1 n tiirm-d
lip .i\.'r ar.'ii- .il-ii' h w i.h' .'.vii'iii ihai tin- r.-uli. nia\ 1..' a. .-.'pt'-d, with litllc ii>'silalioii,
a> iriii-inili.iii- "f ill'' an- and -...ial lii',. .-iil).-,'(|ii,'iit i.i Ih.- ....'Upatioii ol' llie .'onlin.'iit hy
n
il\
«'A>JAI».\, A TVI'lrAI, l.'Aci: < )|' \Mi;i!l<\N \ l!n|;|ti| \|-;
73
its carlit'sl jilinri-jiinil r,h rs l!ul \\ r lo.tk in vmii Ini r\ id
c'lh I' 11
I nil i'\i III! t luiiiv I' < i\ ill-
\
IV
( ♦
Zil<i"ll IlnW i\ (T liil- l.;irK llir | M.'M'Hii' iij M;||i in llir ||, \\ wmlil II III V !•'' I I III .•(I, tliri'llu'h-
olll III"' Nnllll.TIl lolll illi'lil. ,'ll \v:i-i. ||i> M'CllI-- llr\rr |>> ||;i\(' III I ;i i llcil lii illlV lli'jluT
Uliiyc tllllll wlllll is iinlii ilti'd l»\ >l|r|| i-y id.nrrs ol' M'II Inl (K r|||iiilin|i IIS \\ rlr siidW II ill
till' piili^iidrtl liidiiiii Inwii dl' lloiln'Iiiuii ; or al most, in tin- miiii'iil sdi li'iuciils nl' lln;
Ohio \ jilh\ . I'In it\ w InTi' tln' aii'ric nil iiiisi only di>-l iiil>s I In' 'jra\ cs id' tlic mivjil:'' IiuiiIit.
Tin- cailliwiiiks (d' llir Moiind-r.iiildi'is and siill nioi'i' llirii idiili'j iiial i
nil. ail' iiidi't'd
silU'li'i'sliN !■ n|' a |ic'ii[>lc ill a >< nidi I ion aiialoii-ons lo I lial o|' I lie aiiririil ihipnla. ,■ ,,[ \.<j\ pi
or Assyria, Iniliny iimliT lli'' diiirl inn id' an o\ iiiiilinn- raslr. and wnrluii^' oul inti Ijirl-
uiil coiii'i'idioiis o|' wliii li tiny llnMiisi l\ cs ucii' im apaldi' Vi'l,i'\i'n in lln'ir ra^i'. this
ill*' '"I'licc liiids no I oiiliniialioii I'lom llif roiiti'iits ol' llnir nioiinds or lai tli\voiK>. TlifV
disrlosi' only inipliiiii'iils oj" Ihhh', Hint and sIoih'. \\ illi mhii |iiallv ludr loppiT tools,
liiiiniiU'Vrd iiilii sliapc willioiit I hi' iisi' of lin'. WoiLiii'j' in ihr uiftaU appiars In lia\ »•
Imtii rniihiird to ilir souIIhtii roiiliin'iit ; or, at hast, iiivrr to ha\ r I'oiind iu way iiorlh-
ward (d' till' Mcxi.aii i)liiti'aii. Nolhiii'^ Inil the .viilpt iin-d tohiin o-pipi'. or the hidli-r-
liisliioncd pottery. i;i\i's tin- siiuhlist hint cd' jnoiiri'ss hi'\ oii<l tin- lir>l iiil'aiit ih' staL;i' ol'
till' tool-inakiT.
lint \vhati'\i'r may liavi' Imtm tlu' sniirrr ol' spi. ial sKjH aiiioiiL:' tin' old ai^ii all iiral
upaiits of thf ( >'iio \ alli'y. ihi'ir Iro(|iiiii> >iip|>liiiiliTs horinwrd IVniii llnin no aiti>li''
a|)titudi'. No ii'inains ol' its primitive oiriipaiils Liive the .-liulite-l hinl llial tin,'
alxn'iiiiiies id' Caiiadii, or of the loiiiil ry immediatelv to the -niilliut' the Si. Lawreiii e,
derived any know led tre I'rom the old raee so i urioii-ly >killed in ilu i (in>t luetioii of
li'eoniet rieal earthworks, Anv native liiirial-mniinds oi' einliaiiknii'iils are on a >niall
oei
ale, het ra\ inu' no more than the simplest operations of a peoidi
\\ iiiiv.' tiiiiis were mere
Hint hoes, and horn or wooden |drk> and sho\ els. W
lelTXi'r e\ li
h'liee is liuind 'if trui
woi'kiiiir ill nietals, as distiiiet Irom the eoliMiainnn'red native eopper, as in the iron
toiiialiiiw k, the eo]iper kettles, a I id sil\ ir 1 rosse«. r,To\ eied I'loiu lime to time I'rom Indian
yraves, their lliiropeaii ori;:iii is indispntahh'. Sinall siUer Iniekles of nalise workmaii-
shi]) are indeed eomiiioM in their 'j'nives : lor a nietaliie i iirreiiey was ^o miinlelliuilde to
them that this was the use to which they most frequently turned I'reiii h or hliiu'lish
silver eoillaue.
I hit not wit list a ml inn' the iieiieral eorresiioiideiiee in arts, hiihits, and eomli lions of life,
ainoiiL;' the forest and prairie trihes of Xoith .Vnieriea. tlieir dist iiielive elas^ilieation into
diverse doliehoeephalie and hraehveephalie types points to diversily of origin and a
miiiiiliiii;' of se\eriil races. So far as the native races of Canada are coii>iileri'd, n has
been sho\. n ihat all helonu' to the didiehocephalic type. 'I'lie Alliuvwi. or ^loiiiid-
Huilders. on llie eoiilrarv. were a stroiiiily marked hraehycephalic race: and the hitler
autau'oiiism hetweeii the two. wliich ended in the utter ruin of the lalter, may have
been ori;.iinall\ due to race di^t iiiclions such as ha\e frei[Uent!y l)een ilie source of
imi>laeal>le strife.
The short uloltiilar head-form, which, in the famous ."^cioto-nioiind skull, is shown in
a slronuly marked ivi>ical example with llie loimitiidiiial and imrielal diameters iiearly
ecjual, apjiears to lie eoninion amoiiii- tlie sonlhern irihes, siicji as the Osau-es, Oitoes,
Misisourios, Shawiioes, Cherokees, Somiiudes, Ui'hees, Savannahs, I'alawhas, YanuLsoesi,
I
Soo, ir.. 1SS4. 10.
t'-f^: '■"'gf -— -
/ t
it\Mi:i \vii,so\ mv Tiir iiii;n\ iiti>.,ir(»is (>r
I
('ri'>'k*. niitl iii;iii\ otlin- Tlii'" -•.•iii* i" I'himi In ^ii' li ;i > c.ii\ ci-jviir.'. nl I u «> <li>(iiii'l
"■ihlliilll lilli>- I'l llli'JTillii'll ll"lll n|i|">>i|.' r.IiH.v ;|s I lllllllv I- I'olinnlll I.V mill ll olInT
,.\ i,l.ii. ,• III iiMiiM'j till- M*!"". I nl ilii' i|ii.>*iinii :iiic\\ . ilii' I II 1 1 liiT >itrii 1 11' ;i II I I'ii'l may
iilsn lie Kill (• iinn'' ii'|«i;ii.il. iliiit ilii' l'.>kimM ■ I II II I mil. :ili«iiij \\ II ll , I'll II ill s|m'. idlijcs mI' its
own. i> priTiuiiKMily tli>iiiii fi\ !■ ii«- iln' ihiiilimi i\|'.'
Alllnll'j wlllll IIIIIV !"■ ii..'|it<(l lis l\|iirill ( ':illilill;ill NknIN. lllii>,' Cci u\ .Iril llulll till'
dill >ii.- nl lii>iliflii'jii mill riniii till lliir.iii n>«.n:irii'^ ini'iiinl l,:ik>' Sinn iii. liii\ r n sin'iinl
viiliir Tlii'V r.inr^iiii ilii' ii;ili\ I' Mill' \\ liii ll, iimli'i- \ iirii'U* iiiiiiu's. cvIiihIiiI rimu tin'
Ki'Wi'i Si l.iiwivii, I w i-i w :iiil In |.jK( Si t'Inir Tli>' i>rn|i|.' rin niuiliiid Ity CiirliiT 1111(1
ihi' lir>1 1 li'ln ll rXplnl-.r* n| |.'.."..'>. :il|i| lIliiNi' wllnlll ( 'll;im|)|:iill Inlliul M'll|i'<! Illiilllld till'
(iiniuiiiii I'liiv >-ixi \ -<'iirhi \ i;ii^ l;iiir. npiiciir in liiiv r Im'.'U nl ih-' mhiii' >tiiik Siidi priini-
li\i' lihiil iiiiiii.'*. lis Siailii' .piif iiinl Ilni lii'liiLTii. nil' imt A lirniikiii. lull lluri>ii-Iro(|ui>is.
Nlltivi' UMilillnli^ :i- \\rll;i- ill.' Illlll^liill^ nl ll|i' illllii>l I''lc'lhll W 1 it "TS. I'OII 11 fill lllls
idea t'T ill riipininii \,\ a Ilurnii-lrmjiiniv nr \\\iiinlni |>n|>iiliil imi nl ilii- " i'i"jinii iinrlli-
I ii.-i w :iii| liniii ill!' iiimiili nl ilii'Si I.iiw ii'ii. .'. Ml ni- Miiiii'W liiTi' aimii: llif ( I all rii;i><l. Iiflorc
Ihiv cvii iiHl Willi ill'' I'li'inli. nr iiiiy I'jirnni'iiii iiilvi'iitiiviTs. " ii> rriillirmcd in tin*
iiiivnitivi nl" ilii'ir nwii imin i' lii^imiiiii r.iri I>nn\ .■niati' ("iiiikf ' itiii w liati-\ it rnnlinnii-
iiiii iii;i\ 111- IiiiiihI III] iliiN ii.iii\i' 1 iiiiliiinii. ii !•« ii'iiiiiii ilmi tli.' l']iiin|M'iin iul\ riitiiriTS
I ni'i' iin |i;iit ill I lii'ir .'XpuUinii ll nni tlii'ir iiiniriii hnin.' Tin' iiUniiu'iiK's. wlmiii .l!iri|iH'H
Ciirii'i- IniiiKl 11 prnv|i,'ini|N | jil,. v;i|',. in ill,. slu'li.T I, I tlii'ir pali.oailrd towns, had all
vani>lii'il Id-rnri' ili.' r.imii n| ihi' I'li'iii li iindir ('lianiplain ; and tln-y wrM' litiind liy liim
ill iii'w ^I'lili'iiii'iil^. wliirli liny had InrnKd lav in ihr \\ i'>i wurd mi Laki- Sinicof and llu'
( ii'iifLiillll I'lllV
' Jiii'-i iniis ,,t I ..ii-iih TiiMc iiiiiTi'^l 111-' iii\nl\i'il ill I Ih' rnn^iili-raiinii nl' ihis miLrra-
t i'Mi nT ill.' 1 1 mni)> . Mild I ll.' . IV. iiiiivi;iiir<'^ midi'V w hi. ll i Ih-x il.'-ivli'd i In-ir I'livlii'V hmnf.
T!i.'\ w.'Vi' \i-ii.il li\ ( liiiiiiiiliiiii III |i; I'l. Mild >iil>-i'(iiii'ntly \>\ ihr nii>>iniiiivv l-'alhi'rs,
\\ lin. ill Wl:'.'.". ii.iiiul ili.ni n. .iipx iirr iliivt \ -i\\ n imlivMili'd \illa'ji'>. Invlilii'd in tin' same
liv-liinii M^ ill."-, i!.'-. vi'i.il l.\ ill.' liv^i I'v.'ii. ll «xplnvi'i> al Sliida.niif and Hmhrlaira.
Tlii'ii iiuiiil..v> iivi \ MVi..ii-ly .'-liiiiiit.'d. livi'tii'iil' vi'iknind ili.iii.il lliiviv llinii»iiiid ; and
• li'M vili.il ill. 'HI ; > li\ iii'j in^.tln V III I..\\ 11- -niii. 11 III.'- nf lili \ . ,-ixI\ . nv 11 hiindvi'd dwtd-
liiiii-. -iliMi i-, ..| ilii V jniiv lniiidi'd li..u-.ii..lil.'i-. -mid dilii^fiit Iv riiilivatiiiL;- thrir
iii'ld-, iiniu wlii.li ili.y i|.vi\.'d |..nd Ini ili.' w Imh' vi'iiv. Wli.ili'M'V hi'jlii-r tjiialitii'.s ilis-
liiiijiii-li.'il ih.' lv..iiiini- IV.. Ill Ali^niikiii nvnili.i iiMii\.' vn.-.-. \\.'V.' Iiilly shav.'d in hy tlu'
ll'""ii" :i:i'l 'li.y :i!.' .'vni -pnk.'ii .ilwiili Miiiiiiiviil p.iviialii\ li\ ill. 'iv l'"vi'r.rli allies,
Ilk" >;.'j:iiil. II- 11 pill vi.' ill II iivd.'V ..|' -ii\ M.J-.'.-, ill .•.iiiipiivi-..ii w ii h ili..-.' nl' ill.' I'ivi- Nations.
\\ h.'ii t i-i \ i-ii.'il l,\ Iv. II. h . xpk.i.'V-. iili.'V ih.iv pi.ii vinhil jniiviny lIiVniiLih tin- di'solatf
Ini.'M- l..i\\i.,ii ill.' niiMWii 1111,1 |^;,1,,. liiii'.iii. ih.'ii piili-iidi'd Inwii- and .iilliv iiIimI licld.s
'II""' li-\' -''.'111. '1 Ilk-- Mil ..M-i- III ill,' (|,.-,ri ■j',, ill,. ,.\,. n| ('liiiiiiidaiii." says 'Mr.
I'livkiniiii. ;,i-.ii-i.iiii..d I., ill,. ,l,.M,l;iii,,|| h,. liiiil 1,.|| 1.,'liiiid. II -.'.'iii.'d ;i liiiid nf hi-aiily
■".'1 :i I'll III ill II. .■ 'I h.'V.' wii- M 1.1.. lid .ip.'iiiii.j ill I ii,' i..i,-i. li.'ld- .,r iiiiii/i' wiili ]miii|>kiiis
'■'i"''i"i'-; "I I'l" >iiii pill. li.- nj -iiii-l|.i\v.'V-. IVi'iii ihi' -,'.•, I- ,,r will, h ill.' Indians mad''
liiiiv-.iil iiii.l III ill. iiii,|-i ill,. |In,.,,|, i,,\vn nf ( hniiiiihii In nil i'--,'iiiiMl pninis it vfscni-
hliii iliMi wlmh Caviii'V. n-jlnv v.nrs hfluiv. had srcii nt Mnniv.-al; tlif saiiii' triph"
' ••i-iL-iii M'l.l Tlii.|ili..iiiil lli-t..r> ..III.. W> nil. I. ill-, p. I,
< AN \l>\ A rVI'lt'AI, i;Ati; n\- AMi;i;l<'A\ M'.iiliKilM'
78
imlisaili' >>\' I rii>sc(l ami iiilfrMi'itiiii; intMk>. inul lln- siiiin' Inim' li.(li;.s n|' limk. i'ih li i mi-
liiiiiiiiii' iiiiiiiy liipii>.'|iiil(ls. Here, williiii ;iii iii>;i >>[ >i:\ly i>r ,s.\ mi v iiiil>.», \v.i> tin' >.';it
111 mil' il' I li>' ihiinI i<iiiiiilN:ililf >ii\ iiif«' <uiiiiiiiiiiilii's <it ilic roiiliin-iit " ' 'I'ln' IIiiimh*, iImis
Kfll li(| III t Inir l,iil« r liuinr. . (iii>i>ii'(| i.T .sr\ cml ' iiiiliiiii>." iiiiliidiii'j I li«ii Ijii^iikm in iIh-
Mtulli. ii> Till' ii.s I,.i1m' l'!iii' iiinl ilii' Niiimiiii ii\ri'. Tln'v liml ili-ii- ciw n inlml ili\ isiuiis,
Nlill [ifrpcluiili'd ;iiin»iiy ih.-ir iIim .iKliiniN Tlii- l»iv l'ri«>|>. r N'iin ini SaSiiiiiiiii«ii. a iialivc
llunm. iiiHl \\\<- lirst i>\' lii> i'a< < atliiiitlid in ilic injiNtli |. iiiloniis nn- thai tln' lliirniis
(>r Lnictii' >till jH'iiM'liiali' lliiii ainii'iii . la>-ilii al inii juId liiur Liiaiidi-s c i.iMpau'iiii's, "
(•aril id' \\ III! h ha^ il> li\ i- I filial di\ i>ii>iis nr riaii.-. Iiy wliii li nf old all iiil>Tiiiai riau'i' was
I'ru'lllali'd Till' iiHinlurs ut' llif saiiic • laii ii'uaidi'd l IniiiM'h fs a> ludlluTs and siNli'r>,
and Ml \\cH' |>iii liidid iKnn laaniau'i' witli 'MH' aimlln'r Tlir Miiall niindiir nC ilir uliolf
Itaiid al La .ii-iiin- Liir<'ll>' ri-udiis iln- liii'ial ciiinrri'iiifiit nl' litis iiilf iitiinivMliji' : Iml l|ii>
« liildi'i'ii ai'«' slill r<uMidi'<l a> lu'ldiiuiiiy In I In* innilicr\ daii i'lif li\ i- ■ iaii> iiiln u liiili
li nl till' I'niir < niniiaiiifs i.» dividi'd aii- : -I. lln' jd'ci. Oskniiniili
xw lii'ar,
Aiiuioltii : '■). 'I'lii' W nil, .\,niiii'iri!(/,f<ii: I Tin' rdilnisc. Aii'/in^il,
Yh
JM a\iT.
7'vnA
'//.
iKTi' \\r\i
I \vn. ir imi iimri' diali'i 1-
II liv ilii'nld Hiiruiis. Ml' Wvaiiddls: and ilial nf
Huclit laiia |irnli.,l(ly \aiii'd Irniii any Iniin nl' i In- laimiiani' imw Mii\ iviiiLi. Tliis lias to
1)1' k<'i>l in \ii\\. Ill isiiinalinii lln- \aliii' nf the li>i> nl' wnnls rmniNlird liv .Iai(|in'.s
('ailitT u| jc hiiiuauc di's pay> i-l U'iiyaulnir> di' Jin. Injaua d Canada, aiiliri-iticnt
a|ii>ill<'i' |iar imii^ la nmividli' I'laini'.'"
( >r |||i' (nlldilinll nl' |||c' li-jinll In |||.' \V<'^I nl' ||ii' (IllaWa jninr I n | lie' m ■ Vill I C'lll I ll
<'i-iitiiry nnlliiiiL!' is kiinuii limn diri'< i nliMT\ alinii. Iirlnri' <'liani|daiii liad an n|i|iiii'-
tiinitv nl' visiiiiiij il. ilir wlmlc rcjinii westward In l/ike lliiinii had ln'cii di'i>n|>iilali'd
and ii'dii'i'd In a ih'Mii The la'i ihal lln'l'rw nali\«'s Inuiid liy ( "liani|tlaiii m i u|p\ inij,"
thf mill' |in|in|niis ii'MJiiii (i| ill,, lint lic|ai:a Indiiiiis wrrr A h^nnkiii^. lia>
•rii ill.' 1 hi(d'
yiniind I'nr till' as>iiiiiii|inii ijial tin- fXimlsinii nl ilial nid Wyaiidnt sine k was diir In lln'ir
htislilily. liiil siirh an i<li'a is irn'toiiiilaldi' wiili ihe I'ati that lln- laii.i. instead nl'
relreatinif smitliwaid In iheir lluinn-Irn(|nnis kiiisineii, tnnk lefu-je anmnL; AlLTniikin
1ril)-s. Aei'nrdiiiL;' in iIk' nanalive id' iheir own AVyaiidm hisiniiaii, Tehr Itnnyeiuati',
eathei'ed, as hi' lelU lis. Iiniii iiadiliniis thai lived in tin' nienmiy nl' a lew aniniiL'the
nhler inelilhers nl' his tlihe, the island nl' Mnlltreal was nci Hided in the sixteenth eeillmv
l>y Wyaiidots nr lliimns, and Seiiei as, snioiiniintr |)eaeealily in se|)arate villages. Thn
tradition is va-jiie whieh iiaces the eaiise nf their linstility tn the wrath nl a Seneeii
maiden, who had lieell \\ rnllLied in the nhjeet nl her alleetinlis. aild U'ave her lialld to il
yniiiiii' Wvaiidoi warrior on the e,,ndilion of his slayinii' the Seiiec a (diief. to whose inilii-
eiiee she aserilied the desertion ol Iiei loriuer lover. AVhatever prohahility may altai h to
this roinaiiie nl' the Indian Inveis. the traditimi that the llurniis wi'fe driven I'rnni their
alleiellt Imnies nil the St. l/lWrellce liy iheir Selleea kinsmen is enllsistellt with ascertained
i'aets ; as well as with the later history of the Seiii'eas. who arc Intind |ilayiiiii' the same
part tn the 'Iries iindi'r a somewhat similar iiieeiitivi' to re\en<ie. and ajipcar to have
takon the lead in tin" (h'strintinii of the Attiwi-iidaronks The native tradition is of
value ill so I'ar as it shows thai the I'atal einnily of the Iroquois to the lliiroiis was )iot
oriaiiiallv due to the alliaiire of the latier with the I'vemh ; hut Seiieeas and Iluroiis had
I
rionwrs of Kranco in llio Now WurKl, i>. "liT.
7M
hANir.l, \VII>oV M\ nil' liri.'cN ll.o'.'lnis nl-
I
iilik'' (lixiippijiiiil. In'|i»rt' ('li:iiiii'I:iiM \ i^itril tlif KcoMt' t.r ''arlii'i's curlier rxploiiiiinii
Tin- Alliwi ii(i;iniiiK«. w li" ilw'lt in lli>' >.>iilli ol' flu- Inli r lnoih- ol llu' lliii'i>ii>. uii tin-
K]ii»r«"» i>|' |,;ilx. - niiiiiiiii .iinl l!ii«.iiiii\ li;i\>' rniinnl aiioilnT ol' llu- iiiiliiiii«. nl' iIk' Wvamlnt
hlork i'xi»<ll'il liiMii ill"' \,ill>\ <i| ill. Si I,;i\\ r.'iii'' Siiu;ii<'il .i> ili«'y W'T.' in ilinr Jal.T
lioimv iiiiilw av Ii' tw I'l'ii ill' II men* and I in. | in a ^. i In'V -I rn\ !• m \ ^lin lo iiciiilaiii a rtii'inll v
III ulialil V. ( liavlisuix a><.iiiii» lli<' yar |ii:>.'i its tli.- ilili' nl lli«'ir i|.'>tiiii timi l.v iln-
latt<r. ('. iliiiii ii i^ ihal !..tu..ii iliat dal-' ami tlii- niiililli' ol' ili' I'lilinv iIk ii inwiis
wi'i'.. iiii.ih (l>'-iii'\ 111 , iiiii Mil li iiT ill-' Niii\i\"iN !is iiiiMvi.'d III i||i' \i«iiiiiy Wfiv
illi (iv|tni;i|i il iiild ill. iialiiiii i.t iln- S iir. a- wli.i la\ ii. ar.'^l l.i (Iniii
'1 In Mvii'v \\ I'lr ail"! Ilrr I! Il'.'ll-I I.ii|ll"i* llaticill. \\\\i> a|'|>|.;il- t.i '.i:i\ -• |>.'|s|s|,.|lt i\ In III
alunl 1)1.111 ill.' Ita'jih' Tli< y \\i'i.' MTininrls a lifniT ami iimpIi' Warliki- |m.i.|i|i. iIijiu
llii' \iii\V'iiiI;iri'iik» ; llry liai'jlii wiili pniMiin <l aii<i\V">, ami \\>V'' i'>lcciiii'i| ..r (li-.-ailcd
:i* \\ all ini'^ Tli'ir iiiiiiili 1- iiiii-i li;i\i' I II 1 1 iii>iili'ralih', -iiiii' iIu'V \\«r«' .m uliji'tt
(if aj'pri'lh ii>|iiii 111 ill.' ii.iliiiii* i.j llh' I.a-jiiiv \\ Iim»i' \\i-I 'ill riiuilii r» iiiaii li.<l willi llnii
own. Tlii'y all' alliiiiM "I li\ i lir iiali\ ■• lii^im i.m < ii-h k in lia\ ■ spi iiii'j I'lnin lli<' Si'Ium as ;
liiit. it'xi. llii ir -'paiiil ii'ii \\;i- jUnlialiU ..r ii iiiuii' (I. ill', a^ lln v \\i !'• Imili ii iiiii.ii m^ {iinl
pi>\\ I'l Till Til" 1 iiiiiil r\ \\ liji li I lii'y 111 1 n|iiii| w a» imli'i! aim'iin- I In' l''i I'm li '(iiin iirs t/i s hm's
I'lT II- I;. ii\ l'iir> : .iml lli"\ !^'.'i\i' a.i.mlimjlv In il- j pk' l lir iiaiin' nl' La N'aliniiilii
Clial." Tli-ir aiii'ii'iii liniii.. j. ,|il| iiuli, ,ii,.,| jn |||,. nan !' tin' lii'i'al l.ik«' lii-iil.' \\ liji li
lli''\ ilw'li i'liii rnr>,i'ii.' iiiiKiinWii i'.'i-nii ilii'\ 1 1 ' III- . 1 1 a 1 1 a 1 1 j a III i ' w 1 1 1 1 I lii' S.'iii-ra.s
ainl llii' li'au'iii' njlli.'ii i i.ii|i|.i|- km ainl |m'i i-ln <1 li\ lln'ii \ inliin i' wil liiii •'i'\ <'ii \ lais
all. I llii' Hiilnii .(luiilis \\a- kiiil \\a-l.' 'I'. > I In' Mil.'-, a hd In ' ||.. \. iil ■ r mil inn," uy
Ailiw I'mlarniik- >a\ - S linnlrriili. ' a., mdiiii! in i ladilinn, lli<' hniiUni> nH'.Ti'd llii'alli'i-
iiatn 1- nl' adiiii— imi in in t !ii. I.'.'iuni' nr . xiii'miiial inn ;iu(| ikr >|i'aii<.''''m'-'- nl I lii- prnpn-
-llinli w ill di-app":i!, wli.'ii ii i- I', ini'iii 1 1 I ' d I lia I au Iidi.iii iialimi ri"jard> ils.'ll' as nl \\ nr
wiili ,ill nih.i, i|.,i in ;i,|ii;i| :illi;iii,-, ■• ■ I'l.:!..., Ii- mid- \Mi- ill.' iiliiiinl.' :iiiii i.r ihi-
tniiiidi'V- n| ill. h.iipi.ii- nlii:.ir li\ ; ami. I'm' ln\.T- nl' p..,i. r i>ii -i|. h li'ini- nl' -iipn'iiiai y,
till' C/.v/^v /» 7/ \\ nllkl ll'it 111' lllnl'i' dilli. nil In lilld lliall II liaspinM'd 1 1 . I » ' alllnim' I lli' lllnst
Chvi-liaii nl l;iii'j'^ In lln' >■■., f \]\,- I'lri,.-. n- nl' li Idn' Wvamlnis nj' Iliirl|i.|a,na, (lif
liiiid nipi iii'i' i- a-i rilii'd l.i a w niiiaii'- inijila. aMi- w ralli
l'";iili"' I," Mnvn.' wiiil.. 1. 11 ;i iiiis~i,,n n. ih.' < ii,Mnil,i'j;i- in |t;.M. |,':iiiii'd lliai lln-
Ii'iMpmi- 1 (.iil'i.d.Ta \ w .1.' r\.i!..il In I'll ly i.'j'^iin-i iln' I'ji.'- \ r;ipl i\ .■ Oimmk.'j.i i lii-'T is
i"!!''! Inll;i\" l.iM.n liM"ll al ill" -l;;ki' ;d'|.'V hi' had l-""n nU'rli-d, jin nld i lia In Indian « lls-
'"II' '" "II'- "I ill" I'a i" wnini 11 In I, ki' ihi' j>la " nl' l|,i' I, II, ill. T wliu liad Ih'i'II liiuid.'ri'<l
^^I'il'' "II :i ■ '■'I' In ill.' S" ;,- Ii i> ;i 1 ||.'il;|.'|i.l'i>|i,- illii-lv.ilinll nl' hi,\v ill.' ri'lld- nf
a'j'. ■ wi'i'.' p.'i'p •iii:it..d Till' ii',diiin,,.i,| il,,. ||,„|i|.ii- pii'-.T\ I'd lull" iimi'" ilmii ilm I'lirt
''I'l' 'li" I'-''!,'- li.'d p.'i'i-linl l,\ il,,.jr riii_\ I'.iii ;i .|,,iv iiild In Mr. riirkiiiaii Ky a
Cayn-.'.'i Indian. ..iil\ In., :,],ily illn-irai"- iln lnd.-nn- r..rn. ilv nl' ilirir assailant,-. It
'''•l"'''^"'i''''l ill'" 'ti" iiii^'l" :di"r ih" .ji.ai li.'iiil" in ulii.li ih" Mri"- -ulli'i'-'d lli.-ir linal
di'l'i'at 111,' Inr.-I \va- li'jl 1 iq, w ii h nmr.' I 1i:mi a iliniisMiid lin's. at carli nl' whirhaii
'■''"■ \\''- '"'"i'-^' >"t'iiir.d nl ilii'MMki'. Th" niiinlM'r i- jinhiddy .'Xa-^' ratrd. ]]ut it is
niily thus. ;,- ii Wit,, in ih" Iniid -l.U" i,r ii-. i.,rl urimj- lir.-. that wr catch ii ii'liirip.s.' of
I.I'llL'll" ..I li|.- l|.,.|ll.,l». [,. Tl'i,
TI... .li'Viilth ill N. ,\iiM'ii. ji. [.. 1II.N..I,
• ■\\\|»A A 'I YI'M \r, i; \(i; dl' \MI.|[|( AN \ l;n|;|<;i VMS.
77
tlll^ nil I |l!llii>|| il> il Mlllishftl tVuliI ill.' M clii' or tllr sill V i \ Hi - I he l(|Citt. 1 IIIII||Ih-| Wt'l"
:i<|n|.|i',|. Ill I ii|'ilil|<J' In I'liliilll rtlolljiill. illln |||i' S<'l|i'>;i l|;iliM||
Smut' ni ilii' I :iii|i\\iirks iiK'l with In iln' ^ouih i.l' \..>U>' I'lii.' -]i>>\\ | !> i.i mi;,!, i • i.i|.
hlriii live hi I II II It lliiiii iiii\ tliiiiir rniiiiil in < ';iii;mI,. Still innii' itili fi si iii-j uir llii' jn iiiiitiv i>
liiiToiilv plii. s III' ;iii ills, ii|>i lull ,, II Cuiiiiiiii-liJiiM's IsJiiiitl. iisitiliiil 111 till' l-;rii'>, ;iii.| wliiili
SrlliHilifilll (lisi lllii> a- hy llll llli' iaii>t I'l.lliiH.ili' Wnfk I'f its r|li>s i|il||rltu riilllnl nil ll|i>
uMiliiii'iii I'liii till' III, k iiisc I iiiiiMii, iIjiiiimIi |iim|iI\ iiiii riNiiiiM ;,> mi i.\;iiii|i|i' >,[ i; I'vc
-ymln>li>!ii mill |iii (oiriiipliii u iiiiiil;, lliinw > im liulii mi i li.' Iii-tm \ uj iis i^ivci-.; uml
lit'llli'ir l;illUll:lli'' no llirllliill;il is li'i ii\ iT;ili|r, I'lir lIli'V llinl > imm'iI in ixisi II. ImI.' ill,. uiTiil
|:iki' wliii II |ii'i|i«l ii:il,'s llii'ii iiiiiiii' \\;is kimuii In iIh' j'r. in |i
^|nii' ;ir, iinili' iiirnriii:ii mil lii- | n ]ii',.s,.i\ nl III nl'i'ii'ii, ,■ lu ih,' I! iiimis. iiiimiiu'
wlmiii ill,' .Iisiiii |''iii lii'is hiltmii'i'il wiiji s,||-(|,|i\ jn.j /,;,|, Irniu ihih' iniiiu,' ii'imiiiiiM-
tin- ii'Mill«i ill llii'ir " l{i'l;ilinii>" lo iln- I'mv iiii i.il nf i||,' i iii|,i ,ii i'.ii is iin.' ,,r i h, iii,.st
, llMlMilrl'islic ri'liuimiN ii'l'i-lllnllii'S nj' tin- jllirnlis W.is ihr ni.Ml ■ |'i,,s| ,,1 tin' ill Mil. < I'll-
Idiiltil iippiirt'til ly ill iiilt't\ iiU nl' twi'hr yi'.iis, wlim tin- n-iiiiiiii^ nl ili<ir i|i;nl wni'
jj';!! IhTril riinii Miiirnlili'd liii'r>, nr miinii' 'Jill' I 's, mill ili'piisiinl aiiijil ij.iii'r;il iiinui'iiiiin'
111 ll|i' lili';,l ' I'llli'li'iy nl' lllr llliiiv \ ;illl;ili|r Inlirs ;i||i| |n|s piil|,M'\, ,iiplii'|- ki'llli's nnj
nllii'l's III' till,,- I Imni'sl pn>M'ssinlls. ilh I lid i Ml; I lir p\ ri||:i', nj- |;i|^r I Inpjriil sj|,.||s |i|mMu|iI
llnlil tin- (!llli nj' Mi'xirn. willl \\ :illl plllll, pl'i/.ii I illlpli'llK'lll s. ;i ||i| pit's, ,||,i | nM|;i llli'llls,
wi'ii'iill ilimwii illln tin- iirriil Iffinli. wliirli \v;is ilhii s,,|,.iiiii|\ , ,i\ ii,,| ,,\ , i |',\ ||,,,
I'XplnlMlinll nl' lllii>i' Illll'nH nssll;i liis, lllr si|,.s ,,1' l||,' p,, 1 1 >,,, lr,| \ lll.i'j.s ,,1 ||,, ||i||,,||^ ,,|'
IIh- >r\ rllli'ililli ii'llllliy ll;i\i' linll 1, lili 1 i li', I III |.-, .-Ill \,';.rs; mi,| ll|,r,. mr l|ii\V
pii'si'i \ I (I ill ill.' I,;i\;il I iii\.r>ii\ .ii f^iiiilii', iipw ,iri|s III rj.jhi \ sKnIjv i .■, .,\ .t,..! ji,,),!
.■.'iiicii'ii.s 111 Si. lu'iiiii-.'. Si .ln:i, Inn. Si.' M:iii.'. St \Ii, Im. I. ;iii.| i.ili,'i \ill.,'^,s. ||,,.
.sit'lU'.s (»r .si'lt'-iji'iiv'Mu' liiliniir. imd ill sum,. , .,s. s .,1 i|i,'.iii,| 1,111 in iir.'s, ,,| |||,. |'i,ii,li
inls>i(i|lllli<'s li\ \\ linlii |||.'\ \\.l,' llllls d.'si.jli.ih'.l. ( >l ll-l .•\;ililp|,s ,.|' sUiills ri,,|ii ill,.
Miiin' nsMiini.'N, i ni.iy :idd. iiir imw in 1 li,' iiius,.iniis ..j ih,. T iii\ .isii y nl Tninni,, 1 h., L, .ii.|.,ii
.'\iilliiiipnln.jii;il S'i, ii'l \ . .nid I li.' .1.11(1 in d.'s I'l ml-.- ;ii r,,iis '|'||,. skulls r... ..\ ,•]■<, \ IV. .m
lliusc (isMiinii's li.'i\ r 11 s pi '.ill I \ ill ill' I In 111 |lii' I'll i I I liai 1 h.' I;is| snr\ i\ nis \\ . r.' dm . n i.ul
nl' llic <<iunliy liy llii'ir liii(|iini> tn.'s in ji'ilH: mid li.'n. ,• lli.' . r:iiii,i i,,ii\,,|.i| Irnm ili,.iii
iiiiiy 11,' ii'lii'd upnii iis I'iiirlv illii-i i;ii in-j ilf physi.Ml , li:,v:i. i.'iisii.s ,.1 ili"i., ,■ Il.Thii'
lll.'V llinl I).. I'll illli'.l.'d li\ illl.T. .nils.' Willi l']innp.;i||s '111.. Iluvnll sKull is nl ;i W.ll
dcliiii'tl diilirli.i..'pli;ilir lypi'. willl. in niiiiiy .iim's. mi innisu:,! pi,iiinii,'ii. .• ,.1' ili..
(iiiipiiiil I'l'Li'iiiii ; till- imrii'liil Imum's hh'cI inur.' nr l.'ss ^i i;ii mi'^l.' ;it ili.' >:i'jiii;il .sniin.' ;
ill.' Ini'.'li.iid i> lliit iiiid r.'.i'diii!i- : tin- .siipi'i-.ilimy iiil'.^..s in ih,. m^Ar sKnl], ;,!,. s||.ii|M|y
d.'\ .'lti|i.'d . ill.' iinihir linii.'.s ni'.' Iii'uiid iiiid Ihii.mi.l lli.' pmlil.' is nil Imi^iMi In.' (':ii'.'rnl
iii.'ii.suri'iii.'iil> nl' lliiily-nin.' nnil.' >knlls yi.'ld i' iii.';in Inii'^ii n.lin;il ('.i.nii.i.'r nl 7 •'.'■' in a
pmi.'hil diiiiii.'lcr nl' ."i.-'iH : mid nj' I'iLihli'.'ii I'l-nial.' skulls, ii l.iiiLiil iidin.d ilimiicl.T nl' 7 n7
In il ]);il'i('till diiinii'lt'l' nl'.'i.liJ.
Who wiTf the |n(ijd<' Iniind liv railirr in }■>'■'>■'>. sii'iiiinyly Imi^ Miil.d and iiins-
IMToiis, (iccui)viiiu: Ihc t'ortilicd iowiis nl' Stiiilinnin' iiiid irorhi'Iaun. iind ln\\ ,'r pninis nn
Ilii'St. I.Mwri'ii. .' .' Tin- (|U<'.'stioii is iiol willmul a sp.'ii.'d inlcn'sl lo Caiiadiiins. A<-.<iidiii>^- in
' in.sli.ry of till) Iniliiiii 'IVIbos, vol. ii, p. 75>.
• " Iliinm Hai'o ami lloail-rorui." Canadiitu Jmu luxl, N.S., v.il. xiii., j.. ll:i.
.ji**.
78
hA.NIKL WILSON ()\ TUK IH'H(>\-imH,»r()IS ()!■'
/
I
the iiiiliv Wyandot lii-<t(>ii:in. tlicy wen- Wyaiulois or Huroiis, iuul St'lit'ciis. Thai tlioy
wi'if lliii(iii-lii>(iu(>i>, at aiiv rati', and not Alu'onkins, is readily dclcrniincd. We owe to
Carlicr iwo lui''!' \ cM-abulaiirs ol tlirir lanuiiaui', whicli, tliouiih olisriircd probahly in
tlu'if ori^iinal iiausriii>i ion, and fun iiptrd l»y lalsi' transiilcraiions in llo'ir transi'crcncc to
th.' i>n'», lr;i\r iio dniilit thai I In' pciipli' spoke a Ilnron-lro(|iioi.- dialfcl. To wliich of
ilir di\ i--'oiis il lii'l.uiLi't'il is nni so ol)vinns. Tin- lanii-nay-rs. in llif \aiions diali'its, diU'cr
onlv sliuli'l^ m niosi dl ili.wnrds winch Carlicr yivcs. Sometimes llicy aiiTce with
Unroll, and soiiiciinies with licMpmis c(|nivalents. The name of llocliida'ja, "at the
hoaver-dani.' is llnroii. and the nun'cnient as a whoh' prcpoinh'ratcs in favor of a lluroii
raliier lliaii an lri>(|Uois dialet t. H it tlierc was prohuhly h'ss tliircrcnee lietwccii (he two
tlicii, than at tlic more reiciit date- of ilicir comparison. In (lealiiii-- with Ihi.s important
brancli ol' pliiloloiiicai .'n idence. I owe to llie kiiuliiess of my friend, Mr. Horatio Hale, a
comparaii\f analysis of the vocabulary supplied hy ('artier, emhodyinu' the n>sulls of long-
and . arefiil sliidv. lie h;.> lamiliarized him.self with the ilnron langua^-e by personal
intcveoiirse u iili mcni!)ers of liie little l)aiiil of civili/.ed Wyaiidot.s, settled on their reserve
at Anderdon. in WestiTii Ontario. Tlie laimuaiic tiiiis preserved iiy them, after lonii' separa-
tion from oil.ci members of ,he widelv sciitlercd ra< e, probably iiresents the nearest
aiii>roxiination to tiie orii'inal forms of the native toiiiiue, as spoken on the island of
Montreal and the Iow.t St. i.awrence. In the foUowiiiii' comjiaralive table the Wyandot
e(|nivaleiils to tlie words liiriiished in Carticrs lists :ire placed aloni;- side of them, so as ti>
admit of easv comparison. The resemblances which are dis<'ernible to the exjierienced
philolouist may not sirikt' the Lieneral reader with the like force of conviction. Allowance
iias to lie made for varieties of dialect anioiiu' the oKl occupants of the lower valley of the
St. Lawreine, and also for the changes w roiieht on the Huron lane'uan'e in the lapse of
liirce and a half centuries, not simply liy time, but also as the result of intercourse iiiul
intermixture with other p.'oph s. The habit of recruitinu' their numbers by the adoption of
prisoners and broken tribes loiild not fail to ex(M\ise some inlluence on the common
lonutie. The /,■ or hard y of (.'artier is, in the Wyandot, fre(|Uently softened to a // ; and on
the otjier hand, the // i> streini-thened by a ^/ .sotmd. as in Cartier's pregnant term Ciimulo,
the (dd Iloihelaua word lor a town, which has become in thoAVyandot Xamlald : and so in
other instances When ih'' >pcilinu' ol ( 'art icr's words varies in dili'ei-cnt phu-.'s or editions
of ills nairatix I. tile \arioiis loiiiis arc JiiTe i^iveii In \. ritiiiL! I he W vaiidot words the
consonants are used wJili ijnir I']iu:lish sounds, exicpt lliat the / is i(t be i>ronounced as
m j-rciicli (
I (I'liiuii-h
111 ■ aV.WX'
'). ami fi lias tlie soumlof the l''rench nasal //. The vowels
lia\e liiesaiiie souiuU a- 111 llaliaii and (Jeiiiiaii.
Some of the Wyamloi wovds placil in th.' ioliow ing lists aloim-side of those furnished
by ('artier ■.\\■^^ mil. as will In' se.'ii. iraiisfoniiatioiis of the old forms, but svnonvms, or
ecpiivalenls now in use (lihei-.. howevi'r. show the chaiig.'s which have taken i)lace,
uiulev ihe novel i i r.u 111-1 a iie.'s wliich have affect ed the scaltere«l Ilnron fu<>-ilives in the
interval of up\var<l- of tlnec centuries. This is iiarticularly not-eeable in the numerals,
where ihe Lireatcr niinrii.r ol tlie modern words are imperfect abbreviations of the oriu-iiial
lor
tal
ms. Tl
lies of II
ll.< 1
I'orrss o
phoiietii . hamje and decoy is nn)re fully illustrated in subsequent
in'oii-iroinioi-, numeral
■ ''^f- ■' ■^•^^"V** ■"* "^-
CANADA, A TYPK'Ar; l.'ACK t >!• AM KRK'AX A1!()|}I(;1M'>
79
A CoMrM.'ATivK V()('Aiiri,Ai;v ok wok-ds in tiik •• L.wiir v(!f, ok ITocuiei,A(;\ and
Canada," as c.nKN uv ("aktiki!, and 'I'liKCDUKKspoNDivii woi.'us in i'iik LANorAdK
iiKTHK AVAaNDdT (oI! WkNDAT) INDIANS WKSIDlNd ON Till-: l.'KSKliV K IN I'IIK TdWN-
aniv ov Andkrdon, neau A.MiiicusTiuuti, Ontakio: llv Mi;. IIOK'ATU) HALE.
('.Ml 11 Kit.
\V^ ANIiol'.
One s('i;;i(l;i, scciita
Two liniii'iiy, lii,'iiciii
Tluvf iM'Ih", liasclii'
I'^our liDiiiiMC'oii, liomiiici'oii.
Kivi" iiiisci,,!
skill.
()Mi(li.
slicnk-.
(Ifik, PT ink'ik.
Si.x iiiduliir, inik'iic waja. or wayfi.
Si'voii I avaifa. aiai^a I>iitai'i'.
T'''.!i'lit adilcLjiio. adii^iK' atoiv.
Niiu' j iimtlolloii I'lilroM.
Ton 1 assi'iii alisi^n, or asun.
Twenty ' tonditawfilison.
Thirty ' .-lionkiwillistM
One Iiundi'i'd skatanu'n<ljawi'.
Oiu> tlioiisand ' saui;\vat.
Head ai:;L;omy,y, a<;i;oiii'sy, aixoiiazf, au;!;iiii/,i. aye.--kutan (in\- li.)
roiohead '■ lioljiiicnyascoii. yi'yonlsa (my I'.)
Eyes lu'ijjata, iK'ii^ata, i^ata \alikwi'fula.
I'lai's j alioiitascon ychonta. yaonla (my i'.)
Alouili ! t'scalu' yoskaroiit (my m.)
Ticlh csiioiin-ay yo-konshya (my t.)
Tohijjiu' osuaclu'. I'Miaclic yciida.sliya (my 1.)
Face I lioooiiascoii ycyoiisliya, yi'vofi^kc (my I'.)
Hail- ! aji;iiniscoii, ai;oiiiscoi: ayoi-ii>liia (my li.)
Arm : aiayascon ycya'sya, liajaslia.
Ht'lly osclu'lu'iick-i yosi'iin'ula (my li.)
.Li'ij I a,i;'oii,i^iU'ni'lioiiilo yi'iionta (my 1.)
.Foot ; oiicliida.sci'n, ot'lu'da^io va^liita (m\ t'.)
Hand ai^noasi'oii, aniiasion vorasa.
Fiiif^t'f.-- ; nutMioi^a y^'.ii'y'ivi' liiingia.
^'iiil-* atlH'da.scoii O'la, yi'Olila (my ii.)
Mil
n .
a.n'iU'lian i-miu' {lioui'i), lia-i-yaliiiu ('■'>.)
oniaii
lioy ...
<iirl ..
Inrunl
Slioos
Corn...
ay'iau'stc, anTiiollt
dd
iddoircsia .
tiU'likyc, iilt'likicM.
montsi'niia.
ai:;nya(|iio>ta yawits'molia.
t'xiasla sliirdia.
atlia. alia
rasin II.
i(i>r
osi/.y
ami" .
FlosI,
I'i.sl.
i|iialioiia>ron
niicion
Nauiliisii. or Islvailiisli,
owrdiira.
veMlsofi.
N|iiirr(
Snake
W..od
Li'iif . .
caioirnom
iililax I.
iid('iiiu'/.y (iv)//A'»rn) lyiigcnlsi (siialvc).
Diida 11 1 all la (wood), yaronia (Ircc).
lioii'a, lioiiiia.
dralita.
I
80
l>\Mi;i, WIISON ()\ Till", lil'itON iluxjUois oj."
A ('(nii'Ai:\i'ivF. \(n'\i!i i,m;\ of wouns vAW—CoiiiinunL
f MMlK.lt.
\VV AMiOT.
Knit;'
Ilalclift ....
J^nv
AlTilW
IVor
IlillV
J)oi:
Td-llKUTdW
lh'a\iii ....
J-:artli
Sun
.^[lllln
Star-
Wind
T
aui>lir.la
ailil.i:;!!!'. a'«oi;nc
aluiia alu'iica ...
i|ii:iln'lalii
waiufi'.iii'a.
tllVl'.
ohila.
I ''(1111 hi.
Man.l
Mnuiilaiii
J(v
Snow
C.M
A\ ai'ni
Fiiv
lloii^o
'I'mWII
My laiiuT
My iiimiIkt
_My l>i-utlirr
-Mv >i-.ti'r
ai"nni'-~i.i (^-la;^'\ a~(|iicni>uilii ^ijcn'") skannfiilofi (ilciM').
>"iiiliain.la tariynnyaiia.
"ri'' y" y any (.'no' .
ii'-li'.'li^ asjiitak.
<|in'iiliia yafiifiya.
''■'ii',-a dinlol (oarlli), unicnlsa (worM).
.vMiay yan.lislira.
■'-~"''i:''i'' •■ wa^ur.d'yi-yandislira (iiii^lit-sun.)
."i-iu'liMlKun ti^liyiifi.
rahniia, caliena. calKuia ^•all^a. jiikwas.
at:Mi:a-y. au^n^a-y UMtaro. tarijfiyo.
'■"1'''":' yawunda.
"-'"■''■• onmita. onuntija.
li""ia'-(:i ll(li^lll•a.
^■•"''-■' difiycnta.ilinyclila.
f;illi;'i" lure.
'"l:i>'aii. .Mlay;in tariliaati.
azi-la, a-i-la tsisia, t>liis(a.
'an(jrii:i yaniifi-lia.
faiiada vandfiia.
addaihy liai>la, liaNl
ailai;aliiio, adliananc
a'Maixnin
in.
aiMiiia-.ciir. a'|i|a-iiH'
-'IdlH'
"■^i"-- Ilh-vl,
■|'olan-l,
'I'm .laiir,
.Mv IVirn.
ralii'/.rni
Jiiin ..
Cliin .
Ni-li)
Dav...
nil' li'ci
thud. ai|i:i.l\
aiiuan, ana en.
iisKwanian.
towariwak'wc.
liyt'^liwatamli,
yt'iidiawa.
nyatci'u ( I'l iond).
vt'takc,
liaralilal.
a,i:'MiiKiiia
li
iivnwuiifns.
iilK'iia
aili'valmn
aiiiu'ild;i
wasuntfyi'.
nifti'\e. nicnlaliaiin
liandcliia.
i
AMi'ii'-hauiplai,, !ul|,,u..<l('.ni,.r i„l„ th. Si l.,^vron,v aft-T an interval <.f sixtv-
"■■uhl y..a,>. i!,.. XV .dl-rnrl,li..<l „,\vi>s had .lisai.i.,.a,v.l, aln„n- \vith tiinr Luildci-.s ami (ho f.-w
or,u,.,,,,sn|,.pln.n.rallMnh-l,avkNviu-uam. lHdn,,nv.lt..a.,othi.rra.v. Ila,! hr h.vn .uri-ms
;•' I' ■•"" ""■ l^'is .d an i.v.ul. th,.., sn n,-,,.,. ,h,,v r.M.ld hav- h,..,. no dilliruhv in rorov.M-
i"g th. hiMory or th. ,.xo,lu,s o| .h. 1 1,„ h.lao.Ms. Ih.t it ha.l no inU-,vst f,.; the Fivn.^h
afIvi'nlur,TS(d' llmf ,hiv ; and ih. id,.
iiiosi gonorally favoured by n\cQni writers ascribes
it--.'j»By*rcr-. '■«>-'r-i;'
fANADA, A ■rVIMCAL IfACK oF AMKK'ICA.N A I'.ol.'KIl \ i:s.
81
tlu' cxpuLsion ol' ihe AVyiiiulol.s, or lliivoiis, from tlicir jmcicul liom.- in eastern CniuKla, to
the i\li>'oiikiiis. This, as already shown, is irreeoiicihible with the fact llial Chainplaiii
found them, in the he^inninj:^ of the seventeenth century, in friendly alliance wiili the
Litter against their common foe, the lro(iuois. 11, however, tiie AVyamlol tradition of the
expulsion of the lluroiis from the island of ^Montreal by the Seiiecas be accei)tod as au
historical fact, it is jn no dci^ree iiKonsistent witii the circumstances std)scquently reported
by Champlain ; but rather serves to aicount for some of them, if it is assumed thai the
Senecas were, in their turn, driven out by the Al^'onkins, ;nid then liiially wiilidivw^
beyond the St. Lawrence.
lUit there is another kind of (>vidence bearimi' on tlie (piestion of tiie aliiiiities of tiie
people lirst met with by ('artier in l")-;!."), which also ha.s its value here. I have carefully
compared the skulls found on the ancient site of ilochi'laga, and now preserved in t ho
Museui\i of ^rcCiiil Itiiversity, with some of th(> most <haracterislic Huron skulls in Laval
University, and lind that the t wo corresixmd closely. Aiiain. the description of the palisaded
towns of the iluroiis on the (icor^ian Hay very accuratejv r( produces that which (',. tier
gives of llochelaira. Ivphemeral as such fortilicalioiis iiecessarilv were, the coiisirui tion of
a rampart formed of a triple row of trunks of trees, surmounted with ualleries, from
whence to hurl stones and other missiles on their assailants, was a formidable undertaking
lor builders providi'd with no better tools than .stone hatciiets; and with no oilier means
of transi)ort than llieir united labo\ir su|)i)lied. Ihit the design had the advantage of
furnishing a self-supporting wall, and .so of saviim' the greater h.bonr of digging a trench,
with such inade<{uate tools, in soil penetrated (>vervwhere with the roots of forest tr(>es.
Tt was the Huron-Irotpiois system of military eiiLiineering, in which thev contrasted
favorably with the Algonkins. among whom the abst'uct' of such evidence of settled
habits as those secure defences supplied, was diaracteristic of tl.'ese nulor nomads. lUit
such urban fortiiicatioiis no less strikin<>'lv <()ntrasl with the elaborate and enduring
military earthworks to the south of the great lakes. The pottery and imjilements found
on the site of Iloehelaga are also of the sann> character as many examples recovered
from Ihe Huron ossuaries. On the other hand the peculiar rites, of which thos(> ossuaries
are the eiulurinii' memorials, appear to have distinguishi'd the western llurons from the
older .settlers on the St. Lawrem'e. The ureal b'east of the Dead, with its recurrent -olemni-
tn
when after the lajise of years Ihe remains of their dead were exli
iime<
or rcmovei
from
uMr
s<a
Hold biers, was tlu
most characteristic reliti'ious
•remoiiial o
1
the
llurons : and was practised with still more revolting rites by lln> kindred Attiwendaronks.
k'estering dead bodies wer<' kept in their dwidlings, ])reparatory to scrai>ing thi^ llesh from
!lieir bones; and the deleaving remains of recently buriinl corpses were exhumed for
reinterment in the great trench, which was prcpariHl with enormous labour, and furnished
with tlie most lavish exj)eiuliture of their prized furs, wampum, and other j)ossessions.
ociely unavailing sorrow has tempted the survivors toextraA'a-
sumptuary laws have been
in a
11 ag
esam
Istat
es o| s
anl excesses m I lie ello
rt to do hoiuiur to the loved dead ; and
rejM'atedly enacted to restrain such demonslralions within reasonable bounds. "The IJook
of Kites " sulliees to show that tho Iroqirois had, in ancient tinu's, funend rites, no doubt
of the same revolting and wasteful character, until their mythic reformer, Hiawatha, super-
seded them with a simpler symbolical iuner.al service. •' I have spoken of the solemn event
I
5hh'.
;i!., i.'si. 11,
82
liAMI'.l. WILSON n\ TIIK IIUIHxV lH()(iI()IS oK
i
\vlii'!i li:i- iM'Tiilhu vi>H." nil' till' iiiliodiulory w^ids lo llic iliirici-nth ]>!U'ii!iTapli of '•|ho
Coiuloliiiii' ("oiiiiril." ;iii(l it thus prorctMls : " Mvi-ry day you iirc losiuii- your ureal men.
Tht'V ail' liiiuti" b. vih' iiiio llu' I'arlli : al>o Ihc warriors, nud also youi' woniru, and also your
u'rand'liildr.'ii : >n ilial in \\u' iiii(Ui ol'lilood you inv siitiuu'." It is ilicri'lorc cnaitcd, in.
tlir iwi'iil \ -^cN I'liili icnnu'vapli, rvidfiitly in liru of oMit praiiiics : " This >li;dl he done.
^Vl' will ^u^pfnd :i poui li upon ;i poh-, and will pla<r \\\ ii -ouic niournini:' \vaui|>iun. somo
short sirinns. lo h- lakiii lo llir jihn «• where the loss ^\ ;is .sullerrd. The hearer will enter,
and will siimd hy ilie heailh. and will si>eak a lew words lo eoinl'ort tliose who will be
inouriiin</: and ilien they will be conirorted. and will eont'orni to the 'j-real law."
A string;' "I' iila^k wanipuin s.iii nnind the si^ii Icincni. i> -liil. aniouii' the Indians of
the Six Nalioiiv, ih,. iKhier id' the de;ith of ;i chii't': as a belt of blaek wainpuiu was a
deelaralinii nf w :ir. li ^cenis to nie in. I iinpiobnble that the peoph' of Sladaeoue ami
Ilochelaua had ^ul)iuiii''d lo tin' wis" >o(i:il mnl iidinious reforms bv w hit h theanejenl
rites of tlh'ir de;icl w cic >upeisi'<|rd b\ the s\nibiili>iii of I he nii 01 1 niii!i' wauipuni ; autl
h.'iiei' ihi' ali-riiir (i|' ossiiarirs t liroiiLileiut the ishmd of Mont real, and I he w hole re<;-ion
to the eii-t lliii wln'H ili<' fiiL:iii\e Wvamlois llrd into the wildenie>>. iiiid reared
new hollies aioiiiid l/ike Sini'oc iind in the wt-^tein peninsula, ihev mav ha\e revived
traditional iisaLi'es of thi'ir falliei-^, ;ind tounied the ri'\ oliinii' rites \vhiih had been
relueiaiitly abiiiidomil. .\inniiL;- tin' ci\ilixed fndiMi- ol'tjii' Six Nations, some memo-
rials of nn. i<'ni rii.'s of the driid viill Mir\i\e. \ visitor to \\u- vrsfrvr ut the time (d'
till' lb';. th of the l;,t.' hi'jliiv est crin. d i li i>'f. ( I Lie .loll n-ou. t( dil me ihat oil the event
b^'iiiLi' kiiow 11 it \\,i,- immediately ivv|„,iidi'd to by ;dl w it liiii lieariiiii' b\ the pr(dom;-e(l
ntteralle,., ill :, lilMllllllllI lolU'. of ill,, riy /\ir,, ;ili(l this. p;i.->.i HLl' floUl station to Stlitioll
sodii >iiiva(l th-' ii.'W- of ileir |o>^ i lii-oiiu-lioui ihe y.'>i-r\,-. Xciirly the .same sound, uttered
ill a <piii'k''V Hot... ij/iiu'u' i^ tie' liieiidl\ -a hit at ion aiiioHL;' the Iluroiis of Lorctie.
Tiie Huron d-suan.- do uii(|U.-iioiiably eon-til iite a di-liiietive diversity from aneient
Horlnlauaii . usioni>. N.'Veit hel,'>s, w hile the .■videm e apjicMis, on the wlnde, to justil'v
the assiimpiion that the five Nalion.s w.mv a .list iii.i proole from the ^\■yandots to the
north ,.f the St l.awivmed.dore ih,. arrival of Caiiier; it seems most probable that tlm
SlLle iln,|Uol,.. who ,11 a hll.T.lale piUMled the lllirollswitll Sllell ivh-llt le.s.s fuiy, WerO
the d.vasiatoiv ,,l the ivoinii weMwaid to the head <d Lake Ontario, whi. h (•hamnlaiii
found a de-ei-|.
he l.ilei' historv ..f tile HllVnll. ;il|d 1
Utile hand, the illll-on> of Lu|-e||e. il
roipioi- is Hot without its spoeial iatere>t. t)i
10
lt:4s, 1
ia,> limjeivd tili our ow i
(^leb.e IM pre.verve in punt \ l lie l,|o,„l o| ihe old I-,,,.,.. Ill,",
le rep;T,s,.iitatives of the refuLj;-ees from thrt massacre of
l>roximity to the fren.li /mhi/n/i/s of
n da\ . Ill t
oo close
Whleli tiuie and in!e!-||liM
maiiv nil
elleelllal ;|.s \v ,
two hundred and il
Hie ,\i||i ,1,,, ^vllile r
a- phvMeal nails of their orieiiial stoek
u'leal as are the alterations
lee liave elje, led, tliev still retail!
liny-six years, duriiie- which, intimate inten
intermarriaii-e wiih those of ]•;
■r an interval of
■our.se, and latterly frequent
uropeai; blood, have wroiii-'ht inevitable (dian^v on tin
race
lier luoic \ 11.N.1-OI1S repivselllatives ( d' tile ,,1,] Huron sto<d<
ation ill ihe Towiishi|, of Anderd.
in W
oi'cupy a small reserv'
<i<'rii Ontario : and from them the vocabulary
ls7i".
■S.lllf Aincai.-MU llln-t|-ati,,nser lll, i:vel|,(i.,M ef ,U'W Vnrielies ,,f
M;in." Jniini'i! of Aiilhr(>j>i,ti„;ii. M
tV\X.\I>A. A ■I'VI'lt'AI, l.'ACr, ol' AMKIMCAN A I'.Ol.'h ll Xi:S.
83
lias Ix'cii ilcrivcd wliiili is ciiiitldyi'tl iihovc iis ii Icsi ol' llic Iniiuiuiii'c of tlu' llorhclnLiaus
in tlu' sixtcriitli (•(•iiluiy. JUil llu' lluroiisol' I.oicile linvf also jncsiTvcd their iiiiti^i^
loniiiK' : and even siicriuiciis — if nol indt'fd an ampli' vo> nhiilarv,' — oi ilu' oldor loiiii of
llioir hiiiLruiiuc sni'vivo, I'mni w liith sonif illuslratioiis an- addiitcd hdow. A third uiodi-
licalion of the aiuiiMil toiiuiic ni> douhl exists; I'or the laru'er renuiani of the .siirvi\ ons of
the lliiidns, alter repeated wanderinii's, is now set tied, fa !■ from the native home of th((
race, on reserves eoneedeil to them hy the American Cioveinment in Kansas.
The Unrolls have thus, for the most part, disappeared from Canada ; imt ii is not wilh-
oiil interest to note that the revolution which, upwards of a century ayo, severed the
foniiection of the old. colonies to the south of the St. Lawrence with the region to the north,
restored to Canada its ancient Inxpiois race. The confederation of the Five Nations is
traced l>y Mr. Hale, in his " lro(|uois IJook of ]{ights," to I liawatha. whom he reclaims
from liOiiiifellow's iraditional association with tln' Ojibways of Lake Sup rior, and literally
idenlilies as an Onoiidag'a chief of rare saiiacitj', the beneliceiit reformer of his peui)le. In
Lonu'l'ellow's version of the '' Indian I'klda, " he refers to ii as founded on a tradition
prevalent among tho North American Indians, of a person < I' miraculous birth, who was
sent among them to clear their rivers, forests, and li>hing iiiids. ;ni(l to teai h them the
arts of peace. That the legi>nd of "a Prince of I'eace " in any form sluMild have been
]>erpeiiuited among tribes ]>ersisteiitly devoted to war as the main business of life, can
only be accounted for by a growing sense of the misery brouuiit on themselves by
hereditavv feuds whicli wasted their num]>ers. and exposed their families to treacherous
massacre, or to the most barbarous tortures. Hut the Hiawatha Iradiiion a]ipi>ars to
belonti' to the Ini(|Uois. amon!^- whom there arose ;i wise teacher lo whom Mr. Ifale
ascribes the avowed design of a universal federation of his race, iinder which peaci^
sh(mld evi'rywhere reit^Mi. ■'Such," .^ays this latest historian of iheii- leaiiiic, "is the
l)ositive testimony of the Iro(piois themsehes, and their statement is siipportcd by
historical evidence." '
No interpreter of Indian philology or tradition is more dcserviiiL;' of respectful con-
sideration than ]Mr. Ilah>. whose valuable researches have thrown a Hood of li<jhi on
this department of stiuly. Uut in view of all thai we know of this jieople ihrouiihout
the whole authentic i>eriod of their history, 1 lind it dillicult lo reconcile the idea of such
a lar-siiihtcil philanthropic ret'onner w ith the social condition of the liibes known to
have ccunjiosi'd the lro(|
uois conlederai
•v. Neverlh
tin
leai:ui
lro(|Uoi.s IS
in undoubted f;
The live iril
>es or
nation-
wen'
members o
f th
imous
aiiiionsioni or leauue o
llellcel'ollh bal (led tou'ellieras
f the united households. Of its peace-
ful fruits, except in so far as it pr
•vented internal lends, we h;
i\ I'
no e\l<lence
Hit to
its intlueiicc apparently w;
ue the exceptional preei
nineii<
ilcllleX e(
I al
noiiL'' I 111' nations
if the N'oith American coiiliiicnt bv a barliaroiis i>eop|e. iiiiioiani of any o
f I In
i\v{>
indi
speiisa
Id.
tl
le merest mill!
V
111 civilixatioii.
Ins race
mere
avau'cs
quired the maslery ol
11
a re
lion eipial in exteiil to Central Miirop
and hv a
.\s|elll of
warfare, not. after all, more inlieiciit Iv
barl
larous or ri'i
klesslv blo<Mlv than ilial of I'liiropi
(irand ]\Ionarch, recoiistruitcd the social and political maj)
111
>lll IlK'llt
ol till
Till' liiii'oii viiraliiiliuy iiii'pan'il l>y llu
.Ic-iuit I'atlici-, ('iKiiuuiiiiet, i.s, its 1 liavr ivroiitly Iwiliu'il, .■<
till in
oxist«iK'o, aii.l will, 1 lieiw, Ihi .siR'Oilily imMisliod, iiuiloi tni>tuortliy oi.litoriaI suiK'.ivisinii.
' Tlio Ir. (juois Book of Rites, p. •22.
\
84
l>.\Nli:h \VII,Si>N ON^ I'lll' lirUON lI.'Oi^H'OlS OF
Mi>si>sil>l'l Tlhir lllllllrlhi' urtjUllvd ;i ||.i\i'l ilupol'l illlrc wlli'H, ill the s •(•lililmly iiisiu'-
iiilitanl ii\ alri.'s ol' ImchiIi and ICiiiilisli I'm-I radiTs. tln'y ])iii(li(ally dftriiuiiicd tin-
l»alau< 1' (•!' piiw rr lici w I'lii the I w d Inii'iiiosl iiaiioii>(>r J'luroiic oil lliis cniitiiiciil. Tln-ir
iiidoiuitaldc |)filiii;nii \ i)r(i\i'il iiKirc lliaiia iiialili aliki- li>r I'lurojx'aii diplnmary ami
luilitaiv >kill: ami. as ihcv iiiaiiilaiiifd aii uik n:ii|iii'iiiisiiin- lidslility li> tlic ImcikIi al a
liuii' win 11 I h-' ri\ al iii|iini>!> \\ itc in 'ally <'(|ually halainrd. I hi' I'ailiin' o|' ilir iiiaiiiiiliii'iil
mIh'UH's i>r i-iiiiis X 1\' and lii> >iir((ssi)i's, to (■>taldisli in .North Aiiii'iica mhIi a .su|n»'niary
as Chaih's \' and I'liili]! 11 inid Indd in Mrxiio aixl I'ciii. i> laiucly liaccahh" to lliriii.
It is naliiral thai ilo' A iiu lo-.\ nniii an siiidriii of history >hould cNiiniatf hiii'hly the
polilv of sa\a'ji' waiiinis who tjnis toiled tin' srhfun-s ol' on.' ol' tlu' most powi'i'l'iil
inoiiaic'hiis <■! l",uroi>i' lor the iiiasi.'ry of this con lim 'ill. The lain lion. L. II. Moru'aii thus
"Writes of ihcni: 'Th.'y arhirscd I'or ihciiiscU cs a more rnmarkahlc civil organization,
and ac(|uirc(l a liiii'lnr dciiicc o|' inlluciicc. ihanaiiyoihcr race of Indian liiicaii'c i'Xt'<'|i(
those ol' Mc\ii'o and rein. In ihe drama ol l]uio|iean ctdonizatioii. they stood, for nearly
two ci'iii 111 ies, w iih an unshaken I'roiit. auainst tlie devastaiiiMis ol' war, I he hlinhtinn-
jnlliieiice (if I'oieiiiii inleicouise. and the still nmie latal encroachments of a restless ami
advainiiiL;' holder jiopiilat ioii. I'mhr their I'edi'ial sy.xtem, the liiKjiiois ilourished in
imh']irndence. and i apahle of self-iirotect ion. Ioiil:' al'lerlhe New I'hiuland and Viriiiiiia
races had suriindered their jurisdictions, and I'alh'ii into the condition of dependent
iKUioiis: and tin y imw stand forth iiiioii the cainas of Indian historv, prominent alike
lor the \\ i-doin of tlnir civil iiist itntions, their saeaiity in the administration of the
leairue, and their couraec in its defeiic,' '' ' Ihil in this the historian aj)plies to the
Iroquois an l]iiro|iean siand.'inl, similai to that hy which rrescoit uncoiisciouslv nni<i"nilied
Mexican harhari-in into a rivalry with the conicmpoiarv civili/alion of Spain. The
romance iii;aehcd i>i tin' 1 lodenosauin'ina. or Koiionsioiini. the fanioiis leae-ue of the Long
H'Mise. or I iiiteil Hiius,lnild^. may perliai>s. in oiic sense derive an increased value from
llie fact that its ori'^inatiirs riiiiaiiied to tin- last mere savai^-es. lint it is. at an\ rate,
impmlani to k' . p the lad in view, and lo inierpiei its siunin<-ane.' in that liy-ht. When
Till' 1reai\ wli'.li iiiiliated the lea'jue was entered into ]>v the ( 'aiiiem:as or people of
'he Hint, and iln' < hicidas. they were hoih in that primitive sia'.i-e ol' unsoi)histi.atetl
harharism i" wliich lie leini " sioiie peiiod " has hecn aj.plied. In the ahsein-e of all
;in.w IciImc of inetallurLiV, t heir inipl.'nn'iils ami w capons were, alike, simple and rud<'.
AiiTii nlture. under sinh c.iiidiii<ms, niu-i ha\ e 1
)ein c(jually primitive : ant
1 as for tl
leir
wars, when l in\ were not dcfcusiv e, i
Call;
ny api)ear to have had no hiuln-r aim than revenge
ilin. no unappieciaii\c witness, says of lln'in : •The historv of the Five Nations i.^
alciilated i^ L;i\ e a l'a\ oinahje oi>ii
he ranked aiin'mj I
le w^rsi ol
pinion of the iiiiellinciice of the K'ed Mail, r.ut thev may
comjinrors. They comjuered only in order to destroy ;
and, it would seem, solely for ilie i.nrp..se of -i.il ify in-' their thirst for blood. Toward
•riect desert of the whole countrv within livi
le south and the Wi'st tlle\ 111;
hnndr.'d miles ,,!' ilieirseat- A mm h -ivater iiuml.er of those Indians, who since the
le se\..n!ccnih ciH n ry . li;i ve perished ).v the sword in Canada and
eommem ciiieni of i
the U
th.' ]•:
ited Sillies. h;i\c l,e,ii dc-,tro_\ed l,y ihat sinii'le llatiojl ll
liiii in all llioir wars with
nroiieaiis.
'I'lii' l,.n'_'iic' ..| till- lrn,|i|.
Aivhn.,l,,i.'ia A
|H..|s, |,. -J.
laeriiaiKi, \mI. ii, i
CAN-ADA. A TYPICAL RACK OF AMKRICAX AHOniGINKS.
88
To cluiriKtciizc tin- tumhiiiiilioii cUccicd luiionn' sucli suvimc tiihcs. as i>\u' iMi'sciuiiiif
(•Ifiiiciits (>r wise civil iiislitutitiiis ; or indeed (o introdiirc siiili I.tiiis as Icayiu' and
I'l'dcral syslfiu, in (h,. .s.-iisc in wliirli llicy Ivavi- l^'cii ivp.'alcdly riii|)I(.vi'(l hy Iiisloriaiis
III' llic Inxiiiois, as tlioiiiili tlicy rcrcircd io a coiircdcradoii akin lo llmsr o)' ilic aiici.ni
Achii'aiis or .Kloliaiis, is |o siiu^csl associations alloi^'clhcr uiislcadinii'. Tlinuiili an ini.T-
cstinii' phase ol' American savas^-c life, lo whii-li its loni>- duration uivcs additional siu'iii-
licancc, the Iroquois Icau'uc was hy no means unitjuc. 'i'hc ('reck conl'cdcracv cnilirac"d
numerous Irihes lielween the Mohile, Ala])ama, and Savannah ri\ers. and llie (lull ot
Mexico. At the lu'ad of it were ilu' Muskhoii'ees, a numerous and |>o\veiiul. l.ui whollv
savau'e, race ol' hunters. Like tlu' Oneidas. ( Jnandaii'as, and the still ohler Wyandoi.s. tlu'y
and the C'hoctaws « laiuied to he aulochthoiies. The MuskhoLiees ai)|>ealed to a tradition of
their ancestors that they issued IVoni a cave near the Alahanni liiver ; while the ( 'Iiodaws
l)oinle(l lo the i'rontier reiiioii l»ei\veeii them and the Chicasaws, -.vheri', as they alliiiued,
they suddenly eniern-ed from a Inde in the earth, a numerous and miulitv ])eoi)li'. The
system of ^•overnnient amonii'st the inemhers of this southern confederacy seeius to have
home considcral)le reseinhliiiice to that of the Irocjuois, I'hery village was the centre of
an imlei)endent Irihe or nation, with its ownciiief; and the restraints imposed on the
individual iueml)ers, except when cooperating in some special enterprise or leliiiinus
ceremonial, ai)pear to have Keen sliuhl.
An ingenious ])hilolo'iical iiuUictiou of >rr. Hale lias already hcen referred to. Ife
fiiuls in the lauLi'uau'e of the Cherokees a linimmar mainly I[ur(^n-Iro(piMis. and a vocal >u la rv
larti'ely recruited from sonu- foreiii'u source. From this he is led to infer thai one purl ion
of Ihe contjiu'red Alligewi, while the conllict still lasted, nuiy have cast in their lot with
Ihe conciucring race, just as the Tlascalans did with the S[)aniards in their war against
the A/tecs, and hence Ihe oriuin of the great C"h"rokee nation. The fiuzitive .Vlliuvwi. lu^
surmises, may have lied down the Mississippi till they reached the country of the
Choctaws. themselves a mouiul-huilding peoi)le ; and to the alliance of the two he would
thus trace the dilFeriMu-e in the language of the latter from that of their eastern kindred, the
("reeks or Muskhou'ces.' On the assumi)tion of such r. comhiiuilion of etJuiical elements,
the origin of tlu' Creek confederacy is easily accounted for.
The confederated memhers of the Leauue of the Inxpiois remaiiu'd savaii'cs to the last.
Their aiiriculture, carried on solely l)y fenuile labour, was simple aiul rude. Their arts
never advanced a step hevoud that of J'hirope's neolitliic dawn. ]']ven the implements of
war aiul the chase consisted only of the Hint-headed lance and arrow, ami ihe halted
stone for a tomahawk or liattle-axe. We have lo retrace our way far hehiml llie oldest
of Europe's historical traditions for any parallel to such acoiulition of inl'aiilile harharism.
Yet in one respect t'.icir proi;ress hail heeii great. Ivich nation of the Iro(|Uois league had
its chief, to whom pertained the riuhl of kindling the symholic council lire, ami <ir lakiiiu'
he lead m all pu
hli.
issemhlit
When the representative chiefs of the nali
on-
il iiel'c(
in tile Long House around the Common Council lire of the league, it was no le.-s necosary
that they should he ahle and persuasive speakers than brave warriors. Jvhi'toric was
ciiltivati'd in tht> Council House of the Iroquois no less eariiesily than in the Athenian
ekklesia or tlio lioman forum. Acute reasoning and persuasive eloquence demanded all
' IiuUiiii Migrations, p.
R(i
hAVir.i, \vii,^'«^N ON 'I'm; iiiudv ii;n(,trois ok
i
ilii' (liMi iiiuiKiliiiu rcliiM lUfuK t'l' uriiiiiiiiiir. iiml llii' i lii>icc n!' .ciiiis whicli aii iiiupli'
Vdi ;ililll;il \ -lll';>lii'> Till' lln|(il>liril>lii' I'lclilrlll lliis 1 M llnlcd i|s :i pcrlllilir rlliirihlclisl if
.1 A
iiii'Vii nil l:iii'a'ii;ii:>
Tlir w nnl-^''iiliii' 1- lliiis (•(iii>t nnli'd iml only JidiiiiKcil of. l»iit.
I'll. mil,, ui'tl. ;ill chilH'lalr lllfi'l'. III' ilisrrilllilliilli'ii ; wliili- tlir llllllki'd tclKli'luy ol' 111!'
I.iv ;i> ilii' 1miu'iiiil;i' itM'll' i» loiircnii'd. w ;;•- In idiMirl) id 1 1 it her pints in tlic vcrl>.
pn
irt'>>. >t f
iiiir. |>l;ui'. uiiimnr. ^im. pufpnNc ticLiici'
r(iUl!>llli-(l
|i(.h -\ lillii'Ii. ;dl\ W II li I In' li'<
iiid ill! I III' ntlicv Hindi lit ill ions (if liiniriiiiu't' jiri'
ii N(>uii> III'' III II liii'ui' cxti'iil vitIhiI i'uriiis , iiiid
Mill iillh llnlllls llllil ihijrrliv i--. lull ;;il\i'l'l»- lilld pri'pnsil ii His, iit'c 1 ru'lliill'l V «i HI jlliilll t'll.
I'-iiiliiiriili'd iiiily.'»ylliil»l«'s. lirxilily iiicdilii'il l>y systi'iuiiiir iiitcniid fliiiiiu'cs, u'ivt' cxin-i'ssioii,
ill niirniiiipniiiidcd wnrd-sriil I'lHi' liii'\ fiy \ iiryiii'^' pliiiM' ul' iiitriralc I'ctisoiiiiiLi'or i-inolion ;
iiiid till' I'Hiiipli'X struitiivi' slii'Ws ilii' '^Tiiwlli III' II iiiiiiiiiiiLi'c ill liiildtunl use lor liiLilu'i'
I'Ul'l
ill
I'jl'^l
liiini till' iihTi' diiil\ wiiiils III lil'i'. Till' \ ii.iiliiiliiry in use in .some niriil district.s
lid has hi'fii liiuiid In iiiriiidi' li'-^ lliiiii llirrr liuiidri'd wnnls; iiiid in 'piovinciiil
diiilcris, ilius I'l'st lirii'd. ilii ii'liiii'iiH'iiis of Liriiiuiiiiitiiiil I'xprrssion disiippciir. Aiiiony
Mil h iiisiii' I omiiiiiniiics s| i li plays n xiiy siiliiiidiiiiiti' pnrt in the hiisint-ss ol' lil'i'.
i'liii upon ihi' di'liin'iiitii'ii- III' llii' liidiiiii ('uuinil llmisi' dcju'iidi'd llic whole iicl ion of
till' I'oiiri'driiiry. llrin r, wliili' in idl I'Ui' till' IriMpmis ri'iiiiiiiii'd :in untutored SiiViiu'e, his
liii'jiiii'j-i' is Ii iiiiir\ I'llmisly sy>li'iiiiiii/id mid Iti'iiiitil'iil sirurture. well iidiipted to the
rripiiii'iiii'Mis of intririiti' ri'iisoiiinu' iind itersuiisivc sutitletv-
l'l■llt^•s.■.llr^Vllitlll'y says, in rit'cri'ini' !<> Aiiieririin Iniiii'iiiiLi'i's u-i'iieriillv. what inavmore
esp.'iiidly h ■ iipplied to tin' lluniii-Iioipiois ; • Tin -re iiii' iiiliniti' possihi lilies of expressive-
ni'-> ill sii'li II -"I nut nil' : niid it would mil}' iirrd ilmt snnii' iiic '\'e-Aniei'ii'iiii (Ireek riii'e
^-linulil arisi'. Ill lil! il lull of llmiiLiht mid fmn y. mid put it to the uses of a iiolde lifei'iilure,
mid ii wmilil In- ri'jhily ndiniii'd i;s riili and flexilde. perhiii)s. hevond anythinii' <dse that
iln- wmld kiii'W. " ' Vi'i. on the otluT limid. the liocpiois dispense with the wlnde lahiiils,
iii'Nii mii.uliile willi ilii'ir li|», „iid ihinw eiiiiirly aside I'roin their ali)hal>i'tieal series
nl plmlli't il > six of lllii>i' lni)>l iii|l>lailtl\ ill Use li\- US.
Ill ihi- div'-ii.iii. ill. 11. lies ihe .'iliiiiilo-i, id iMiddeiii whirh eaiinot fail to awaken
eVi'V iinreiisiiiL;' iiiii ivst ; and to whii h I mn miximis to diieet, in some special det>'i'ee, the
eiiir'.:ir> 111' lhi> si'ilinii of ihe K'liyiil Snrirty .if ( 'imndii. To the native hinii'iiaires we must
loi'k 1"! II irui- kiv 111 ilii' snlutiuii 111 M, nil' of the most <uiious and dillieult questions
iiiviilv.'d ill till' 1 plinti- nf this loiiiiiieiii . ■■There lies liefore us," says Trofessor
Whitney, ■a vast mid .■iiiiipliriiiid proldmi in the .Vnieriraii riiees : and it is their
ImiLiiii.'^v lliiii iiiii-t dii liy Im lie' '.:ivi,i,vs| p;iit ,,f i),,, \\,,vk in solving- it.''
t >f ill.' Imiijiiiiui's nf the lliHi-ii-l'iKpinis. the lluinii iippears to he the oldest, if not th(>
pannt stn.k When this iiiini'.'>>iv in. e hi,d siHii.d. as roiHiuerois, far to the .south of the
Si i.uwr.'ii. e, ihi' iiinlhii' uiiiinn iipii.'iir.s in lii,\ ,■ h- id mi In the i-radle land of tl
le race
\\ Iu'V.' ii> I'.'pii's 'iilaliv 1"- wen
loUliil >llll 11
I'll
li'i'i'd
I piiss.'s>i,,n whi'ii till first Europi'im explor
ei's
^\. Li,w vi'ii. I' in ihe mx nth . iiiliiiy ( 'nlniii.sis. of fn'Meh nr ICiiii'lisl
1 oimin.
liavi' 1 n in iinn'i' m lesv inliiin.l.' intiTinui'.-... wii
I llniii ever siiii'.', vet the iniiteriiils for
aii\ Mili.-f;i. Iniy v|,,il\ nf ill.' Iliimii Imiuiiii'^-.'. nr of a riini|imisnM hetweeii it and tin
vavinn- Iriiijiini> i|i:i|...|v, m-r stil
Xal
Miiiily mid \ I'ly iiind.'ipiate
The h
ni^'U!i!4'es of the Fivu
iiiii> ihal nri'^iiiiilly imisiii iiii'd ihi' iininhi'is nf the Iroquois league, ure, iu the strietest
iihil lii'iiwiii fil' l^!iii'/im:_'.-, p. L'(;l,
CANADA, A TYI'IOAIi HACK or AMKIMCAN AHO|{l(;iNi;S.
H7
sense 111' tlie lellil, dialeels. In t lleir cnlilK il Imuse nil I lie ()l:ill(l U'i \ el'. I In' e|iier> u| I he
Mollliwks, ( )|iei(l., .. ()||:ill<lil!i;is, Ciiynu'iis, mid Selleeiis, sjieiik eiieli ill tlleildWIl lallU'llil'je
mill Heed lln ilHelpl'eter, NeVelt lie|e>N, | lie diU'elenees are ei)||>ideral)le ; alld a Selh^i a
wmild siareely liiid llie laimiiaue oT a Mohawk iiiiejli'jilili' ii. him in (irdiiiaiv mii-
versalidii. Hnt llie si'iiaialinn <>\' the 'I'liManiias IVmih the lrn(|ii(iis <iii tin Mnjiawk
K'iver lia<l Iteeii i>r lull'/ dinatiiiii, and their laii'juau'e dJHeis iniieh inme w ideh rnmi llie
<>l hers.
The Mohawk laiit:ila!^e \\ as adopted at an earlvdale |or eoiniuiinjeat ini;- wii li llie
Indians ol' the Six Nations. The New Enu'laiid ( 'oinpmn . esialilished in ji; ):i, under t,i\ oui'
of the Lord I'mleclor, Croinwell. " lor the piopai^atioii ol' the (lospi^l in New liii'jlaiid.'
was revived on the restoration ol' Charles 11, under a roy.d eharter ; and w it h t he eniiiieiii
philosopher. Ifohert Uoyli'. as its lirsl u-o\ernor. vii^'oroit^ >;|eps wei.' taken Ini' ihe religious
iiistnietioii ol' the Indians. Tin' conespoiideiiee of Mlioi. •■ the .\|io>i|i' ol the Indians."
with the lirst 'governor of ilie ininpaiiy. is marked liy their aiixieiv lor the loniph linn ol
ihe ]\riissaidiiisetls IJilile. wliii li. aloiiii' with other Ix.oks, he had translated I'oi- the ln'inlii
ol' the Indians ol" New I'liiiidiiiul. The siKer ( oinniiiiiion service, still |ires,.i\(d at the
reserve oil I lie (iralld Kiver, pr<'S 'llled to the alieestol-s of the Mohawk nation. 1)\ <^t||ee|l
Anne, is all interestiiit;' iiiemorial ol theearU elloits loi' their ('hrisliaiiization. |i hears
t he iiiseriptioii
A. 1{.. 1711. The -ill oilier Maie>t
v. bV the U|-ae
<n
e oM mil. o
'(ireal
liritaiii. l-'raiiee and Ireland, and oilier plantations in iNoiih Anieiic ;i. (^uecu : lo Iht
Indian Chappel ol' the Mohawks." The (kite has a s|ieiial inlere.vt in evidi'iiee n\' the
Iraiisrorniiiig iiillileliees already at work: I'or it was not till three years lalei' thai the
Tuseai'Dra.s were received into the eoiiredei;it ion. and the lro(piois herame known hy their
later appelalioii as the Six Nation Indians. In aeeordaiiee with the eilorls indicated hy
the roval jril't, repeated steps were taken for translating' l In- Script iires ;ind the I'laxer
liook into their laim'uau'e. In 'a letter ol' the K'ev. Dr. Stuart, missioi
lai'V lo the >ix
Nations, dated 17*71. heilescrihes liis iiilroduetioii loCaptain Hraiit, at the ^Ioh,,w k \ illau'e
ol' ("anaj(diarie, and the aidrecei\cd from him in levisini;' the Indian I'layer l!ook. and
ill traiislatiiii;- the (iosjiel ol'St. Mark, and the Acts ol' the Ai>o>lles into the Mohawk laii-
uinm'e. The hreakinu' out ol' the revoliitioiia-.i war arrested the printin
ii' ol I iiese I ran>-
latioiis. The inaiuiscripts were hrouu'lit to Canada in 17S1. and jdaced in the hands of
Colonel Clause, the j)eputv Siiperiiiteiideiit ol' Indian All'airs. This ueinleinaii siihse-
queiitly carried tlieiii to Eiiii'land, where they were at leiiiitli printed, A more reciut
edition of the Mohawk I'rayer liook, prepared under the direciion o| the K'e\ . Alnaham
Nelles. 11, missionary ol' the New MiiLi'laiid Company, with the aid of a native latechisi,
i.ssued from the Canadian press in ls4:2. The Indian text is accompanied with its MiiLilish
eijuivaleiit on the opposite jiaLi'e, and this /vni-lii/di/d/iliscni nc Vafdcrcitnai/fiHliinii-lKi. or liook
of Common I'rayer, is still in use in the reliuiitus services of ih.' Six Nation Indians at
their settlement on the Grand Kiver.
Some cliaracteristies of the laiiii'Uim'e, siuli as the iihsenee of lahial
s. are I 111
istrated
Iielow from the ^loliawk Prayi'V liook. The one specially referred to constitutes not only
a distiiu'tive dill'erenee I'rom the old Huron speech, but allords jiroof of the latter lu'liiu'
tho oklor form. '' It is a fact," .says Professor Max ]\Ii'iller, in referring- to his intercourse
with an intelligent native Mohawk, then a student at Oxford. " that the Mohawks never,
either as inl'ant.s or as yrown-up people, articulate with their lips. They have no //, h. m.
\
88
|).\Mi;i- WILSON (JN TIIH IIUUoN llK)t/l(H8 ol'
i
/. r. II' iiM l;ilii;ils nT ;iii\ kind " ' 'llir ^lili('lm•ll^, «<> I'lir lis I lu- Moliiiwk iiiliinls art' <mii-
. ( riicd, i> (iji-ii In liiilli>'i- iiKjiiiiv ; Inil |tr. Oionhyntckliii. tlif Mnliawk ifl'.'rn'd In, aiid
tn wli I li;i\.' 1 II larii-.dy iiid.'hi.'d in lliisaiid nili.-r rcM-iindio ill Iiuliaii i)liilnluu'y,
)iul niilv ii'i'il^ ill'' -ix li'lliT>. ;dn';idy iiaimd. Inil aNn c, y. /, ;. Tln' aljdialM'l islluis
iidiiri'd In s.\iiii''iii |.'iiir> I'rnlr^^ni Max Miill'T iini.s ill [ liiNsi HL!', llial llif nam.'
••Mnlliiwk" Wnllld -'''lU In |.ln\r ill-' Us.' nf ill.' lal>ilil Hill il is I'l InriMli'll ulilfill,
llinii-jli jinssililv d,Ti\i'd iiniu I lii'ir n\v II (» i,'v/v7((i/,(»//i:/i. iii'n| il'v Til.- iiaiiu' I'lii plnycd l»y
lln'iasiU IS is ■ ('iiiii.'iinii Til'' |traili.i' i<\ sin'akiiiL; wiilicaii . vit « Insinii' tin- lips is
,,,, ;|,,|lliiv.l li:il>ll nl lal-T nllliill lliall lll>' Inruis nj' lllr l.iinill InlluM.', A mill ] lil lisnll nl"
aii\ ,,r I 111' lln(|iin|s (iiid.Tls \\ nil ill,' 1! Ill nil .IS >iill s|i,,l,,.ii 1(\ ill.' \V \alldnl> nl' ( hit a fin,
slmw s I hi' /// ill lis,' l)v ill.' liiii.T 111 w hill is im i Inula ;i su' vi\ iii'j- i'Xaiii|d.' d' tin- nldt'sl lorm
nl ill,' lluinulrn(|Uni.s jiiii'j uair'' This llurnii in jrciiuriiily lie. ..in.'s (r in ilu- Ir<)«|Unis
di;.l'i|s, ( 1,' ^/.iiliiiii'iitl/iiirrli. ' oUf liiiiulr.'d.' li.'i .iiii.'s ill Mnli.iwk iiiis/.H'/nrrinii/niri'li : iiniir,
iiiiiii
li'l'lsllr I
1, ■ Mnll;|\vk. i;,ill,iri . .'|i' Tln's. ■ ;i 11 d . il ln'V .' Ml 111 ] d.'s nj' lllls 1 II 1 1 Ti'lui llU't-alll.' clialil
>l hi. I
1.1 11 li|ln||n|ni: \ . illld I lli' |>1(M
>r siil.si II 111 inii ill ill.' alls. 'III.' nl' laliials. ai
lllllsl l.il.tl 111 I
111' liiMi' nj' lluinll-l ln(|Uiiis IIUIIli TaN nil ;| s U I isi '( j Ui'll I |>a'Jt'. Tlu' luiliil ( d'
lll\,illaM\ spriiklllL!' Willi llir lips np,
II is ill.' s,,iir, .' nj \ii\ . iiriniis nindili.alioiis in liic
nil! Willi I III' '^inw II
ailv ''ivliisidii,- i-;i,'
IiiMpinis \ nr, dull. lli. '> w lu'ii i mil pa ii'd Willi llial nf ill.' \\'\:iii<inls Till' m ti'ivt's placi' to
/'•. //''•. ///(. i>y iilin : als.i in/,// mul ///,»'. ami sn iVi'ipU'iil 1_\ .liaim.'N ill.- wlmli' cliarailtT (d'
ill,' wn'd li\ ill'' iiindili. aliniis II ■::i\i's lisi. t...
\ , niiip.ii isnii nl I 111' iiuiii.'i;iis nl rniinali' laiiuuaL;i"s and dial.'ils is always ills! nidi vc ;
Iti dispnsilinll nl A llU'lii all pllilolniiisl.s I.) tnill In lllc |!ilS(|ll.'S. as tilf
• ' III' iliiinpr iIkiI has p.'rp.'Hiiiti'(l iln- hniiiuau'i' <d an allnphyliaii
slmk Willi pnssildi' ;ill;ilniji.'s |ii l|i,. ii;ili\,' killijUaU.'S nl' Alll.'lira. 1 liaVi' l>la.i'd tllt'll"
iiuiiii'ials ;il(iim' sill,, nl' ihns,. .il' |||.' Humii- 1 1'. Kpi. lis Til.' i).'niiaii.'ii. \ i>[' llu' niiiiics inr
iiuiiii'ials. Ill id thi'ir IVi'i'dniu IV, mi dis|dai .'iiu'iit liv s\ iinii\ ms. a v.' seen in ih.' uiii\ crsalily
.iT niii' si'viis ,,1 ii:iin.'s ihrniiLifinul ill.' wlud.' inui.'iii and iiindcrii Aryan laiiiiuaLrt's of
Asia mid I'-iiinp.'. 1)111 ill.' lias.pii' nuiiii'r;ils hear no ics.'inliluic.' in tliciii, unl.'.ss such l»i'
tvari'd ill lln' prnlialilv ar< idriil;il ii'si'iiildaiuf of llu' /*/. tw.i. and tin- sfi. ".six." a.** in llu'
iis^riii. " I. 'II.
(///■
till' nid llnrlli'hlLl'a. tlu' illlSIII (
I III' li:isiplr li.is ;i|xi, lis i-,.,,i,
if til.' lali T AVyaiidots. Tlu' rliini of
|i'. aii.l pmlialdy ar< id.iit.il r.'s.'iuldaiir.' ; luit 111.' iiiillii. " olU'
iliiiiisiiiid, ■ is ,-,'iiiiiiiiy l.nrinw.'d. and sitv.'s In slmw thai llir luLilu'r iiumfnils. witli tlm
i'\ id'ih I' ili.'\ allnid nf ;id\ iiiniiiu ri\ ili/alinii. wi'i'.' ill"' r.'sull nl' inl nisivt' Aryan intiU-
W nil ilii' 'jrnw iiiL;' iiudi'in y m iiirn in ili.- pr.-liisinrif ih.'riaiis id' iMiropc a.s ojio
111 l:iiii;-ii,i;ii's nt AiiU'riiii. it is Widl to keep this ti'.st
I'llir
pnssilil,. |<,.v In Illi' nll^lli nl 1 111' l;|.-.'s III
in \ i.'W I'll' rniiipiiiisnii \\ it h 1 hi' w iddy \ aryinii- mil iv.' i.iiiiiri'iils. Hut th.' (•orn'si)oii<l('iirt'
is sljijlii, ..\ ,.11 u iih pinhiiliii' Turiiiiiiiu i mi'j-.'iii'is. Our liis.avan r.u-iu of " tlircf," ///;•////,
is imi uiilikr llir Mii'jvar /i.
irmn ; wliil.' I lir r//i.'-.
'Ol
ir,' (d'tlir latti'r, seems to liiul its
luiiii'ipiiri 111 ihr iiis.'parald.' imi li.lr thai iraiisfnrms lli.' l>as(|Ue radiral/(«///, " ten," into
\\\r liiiniili/,11. •■ .'li'\ rli " IJui sii, h rra'i-lili'lil;
irv tiin I's air in strikinu' rontrast to the rai
Ileal
rirriuriii 1 1| Sii 11 sk vi I . Zi'iiil. (Irri'k. l.aliii. t'l'lii.-. Sla\ niiir. and T.'iitnnir numerals. Mr.
air has draw 11 my aitniiinn In ilu' niiiniis maiiiirr in whirh the names t»l' tlie first
ir.' .•niilraiti'd and streiirlhi'iied in tlie modern
ll\ r
lii'lii'ja iiuiiii'ials 111 ( 'ariirr's li,-
I.VIUIK > nil ihi.' .s,i('lli'(. ,,)■ l.iin;jllllgl', L'liil
'I., I,.
C;AXAI>A, a TYI'ICAI- uaci.; oI' aMI;I(H'AX \I!nl;i<;i\i;s
89
Wyiindot ; iiiid noihi' of tlip niodiliriilioiis in Ihc Irmniciis diiili'ils lui' no Ifss intiTrsliuir.
Sirnhi, ihi' Ilocln'liiii'a "one," siirvivfs in lli.' ( )ii(iMiliiuii n/v/'A//*, wliil-- il Imtoiucs >/,<(/ in
♦ he niotlcrn Huron, the Ciiyun'ii, 1111(1 tlif Srnna. lint in iIh' i nni|iMuii(|r<| I'Miin nlili,-
WvMiidot -(ini' hundred," sfiiifniin iii//,;ire. us in IIk' nn(iii(l;iL';i, s/,-iii/,ilii/,irriitn/iiiliinli, tho
terminal (/ rciippcars. Ti<4'iinit/. the ..hi Inrni of "two," is ahiiihj'ed nnd >trenL!thened to
ft'tiih'^; {lAihn, " three" (oriiyinnlly, in idl pmlKihilily, dsrhrn. nr, as siill in its., hy (he llnnms
oi'Iiorette. (kIu'ii.) survives us iilif^iiiili ny ulisriih in iieariv all ihe iroipiois dialects, iui ludini^
the 'rusrarnra. In the Noltowiiy it is still diseernihle in the ino<lilii'd nrsn Tl \-ei|iii,,ns
lire the Seni'ra, where it hciomcs sni, while one "Wyandot I'orni is shnh : whieh reappears
ill the Seiioeii foini>ouiided lorin of ■'thirty," shnihirn^thrn. IfnininroH, "four," loses hoth
its initial and terminal syllahles, and heioines t/iih in the AVyandot, iind f,iili or /,ri, an
ahlireviation ol' the Mohawk f,iii/rrili, in the Cavuua ami the Seiieea dialeils The am lent
i'orin of"' live," oui'^ioh, has partially survived in the Huron din'^iii. It 1., inmes /^v>7,. Wi/s/i",
irisfi. or (in the Si'iieca) vis. in all the Inxpiois dialeets,— ihe Wyaiidul and ( 'ayu'ja oium'
uum' aifrei'injj^ in form. The </////i;v/. •seven." of the old llochi'laua. ne.irly resi'nd)les tlit*
/iit/iili of several of the lro(|U()is dialei t.s, asin the i'uywMi /in/n/,; in the TuscarorayW/z^^/f, and
in the Nottoway ('//^/i,'- ; whereas in the W yandol it i- tMilmr. Tlie (/^//>wr. "eiy'ht." in its
oldest form, is s(i//r/,tnili in the Mohawk, and ilfkrinih in ilie ('avui;a; with the .suhstitutiou
of the / for /• it hnomes (hhlmilt in the ()nei(1a ; and after chamiiiiL;' tn lildoii in the Seneea,
and HUiimiili in the Tiiscarora, it reappears in ihe Nnltoway as r/c/./v/. The aii<ii'nt miuhUoii,
'• Jiine," furiously survives in ahridyed form, with ihe substitute for the lahial, in the
Oneida iniillnnli and the ( hioiidaya irmlnnli, while oiii' \\ vandot ii>rni is ruh-nn. and that of
the llurons of T,orette iii/sii/i. In the Iloclu'la'ja ii>:siiii. "ten," \\,> ha\i' the old jiirm which
is perpetuatt'd in the Wyandot ulisr/i, the ( )M(imIai:a and ('a\uua irnsnih. the Tusrarora
(/v/.v//////, and the Xottoway /'v/,s//(/ ; while the Mohawk and the ' >neida have ilie diverso
<»/rrili. or i>i/f/ili. with the charaeterist ie chanue of /• into /. The form of the Mohawk for
■'one thousand," oi/frilitiat/cinnnii/iiinh, is an inten'stiiiu- illustration of the in'oyresssivc
developmtuit of numbers. Nn is |)robabIy a coiilrai lion of ///7,-n////, 'ol' them." or "of it," — ■
the whole readiiin" "of them ten hundred.'
In eomparinn' t he lanii'uau'es of the ilill'eicnt memlMis ol the JiiKiuois confederaey
with the Wyandot or Huron, some of the fads already not,'d in tlie history of the former
have to be kei)t in view. Nearly twi
■nturii
and a half have trauspii'i'd sinee tin
three westorn nations of tiie eonfedera''y. the Oiioiida'^'as, Cayutias aii<l Seiiecas received
ureal additions to their numbiM's by the suciessive ado[»(ioii of Attiweiularoidv. Huron,
and J']rie cai)tives, wliile the ("anyeii
"'as. or
Moliawks. and the Oiieidas remained unaf-
fected by sueh intrusions. There is direct evidenci- that I lie Onondau'a lauLS^uage has
nderirono trreat chanu'e ; as a Jesuit diciionaiv of tlie seventeenth cciituw exists, which
u
sliows a mueli nt>arer ri'semldance
■t w 1 the Moha'
am
I Ol
iioiuiau'a lanti'uaLi'cs a
t
that date than now
iil)pears .
Allowance must be madi- for similar chain
■mil.
tht
Hurons in thoir enforced miu'ration from the J-'t. Liwrenee to their later homes. Hi-re, as
in so many other instances, it becomes inti'resting to note how the langixage of a people
reflects its history.
In tracing out slighter and more romolo resemblai'ces. such as may be discerned on a
close scrutiny, where the variation betwo(>n the Hoch(daga and the modern Wyandot
li
Soc. II., 1884. l::
90
hA\ii:i. wii.soN ON iiii; III i{(»\ iiiiH.M'dis (»r
/
i
inimir;il> i> \\i(l'>t. tli.' iIiII'-itiii >.imv.> ol . Iiiiiiyi' liiiM- i" Ix' K''|'l in \ir\v, In ill
Mil li r..iiiparis(iiiH, iii'>i«'ii\ .T, iilliiwMin «• mu-l Ic iiiinli' Inr ijii' |i||iiiii'lii ii'iiituliiilidii of
uuriiuiiiiiii wnnjs jiimii'tl Mijrly liy <'iir. i\s well sis lor llir iiirtilinr ir|irrM'iilaliMii n[' the
nuMil >'Hiii<l> ill ili'ii iv.lii. ii..ii 1. 1 \\!iiiiii> l»y a I'l-inli or Miii-lisli ir.iiiscriliiT.
TIk' lliltllllnll, lIK'lllinll.'tl l>y l>cM.y.'lll;iti' Clillk. vol' SiMh'ias 1111(1 W \ ainlnts li\ iu-r ill
Irit'iidly .(iiiliuMiiiv "ii ih.' Islaiul <•! M.inir.nl in iIm' >-i\l<''iii Ii rciilury, niituially sutru-i'NU
\\h' pinliiil.ililv iliiii ill. ir dial. tIv ill.! imi urrally dilliT ("•■rlaiii iiotiirald<' rch.-iiiMaiu't'H
lirlw.'cli llh' Si'iii'i a and ill. Wvaiidnj iiiiinrials lia\i' Itrcii linti'il aldisf, lull It is only
ill. 'if iii.i.I'iii I'lnii* lliai all' lliiis opi'ii to . .mipai i-.u . ami in lln- process oT plioiiclic
d.'.ay ill.' Si'iH ra lia> ^iiHiivtl lln' liii'alfsl .liaiin'i'. Hill al'l.'V iiiaKiiiLf cv.'ry allowance lor
iiiiidili. atiiiii> wroii'jlit l.v liiu.', l>v adoiilioii of >lraii<r.T> into lln' tribe, and otli.'r internal
MUirr.>> oT iliaii'^v , a^ wdl a- Im I lie iniju'rl'i rlioii nj' ( 'a i tier'- ri'inlcriiiLfs o| tlir 1 1... li.daf^u
t.iiiv:!!.', an.! \'<\ >iili-i i|ni'iil .Troi- .i| Iran-. iiIhm- and |iriiil.'rs. tli.-re -till r.'iiiains satisfiic*
torv I'vid.'iii e III relaiioiisliip lniwei'ii n.-ariv hall nl Cailier's \ o. ahiilary and the
corre.spoii.liiiii wolds of ili.' \V\aiidol Lmijii.' \ . oiiii'ari.-oii lias alr.'ady lie.'ii iiiiido
hetweell til.' 1 lo.Iielaua lllllii.'ral- and llinse ol lln- \V\alidiit- ol' Allderdon III llie lolloW-
illL!' .'omparali\ .' taliji'^ nT iiiniii laU, I luve phe cd alnli'j-iil.' ol' lie' ol.l I lorlielaii'a series
deri\cd tVniii (aiiirr- li-l> ili..-e ii.iw in use aiiiniej iIh' lliiroiis ol' Loretl.', as supplied tci
nie l>V
M
atll
iraiil. the Mill ol' tile lale lliiroii I hi. 'I 111 the third .'oluinii aiioth.-r
18
version .il'iin' Wyandot nunieral- i- tri\.'n. Ir.iiu (lallatin'- . .•iiiparalix i vocalmlary. It
d.'fiv.'d I'roin ditli r.'iii -.niii.'-. inrliidm.j- lii.' I nil.'.l Slates War D.^partnieiit ; and there-
lure. IM diiulit. illu>lrales ill.' . haiiii'.'s whi. ii the laii<iruau.' has iintleru'oiie ainoni'' tho
A\ yaiuliiis on Heir miiihIi Texas r.'s.r\.' ( laliai in also yiv.'s aii.illier \ .'rsioii (d' Unroll
numerals (|eri\ I'd hoin SaLiaid li will li.' -.'eii that M. I'iiard used the / as in C'artier's
li-ts. ami in that oj' ih.' MHilhein Wyan.lut-. wh.Ti' the // is enil>lo\i'tl in olIi.Ts ; exi't'ltt
in ill.' N.ili.
w a\ nniii.'Val-. wliere tii.' ii«
M'V
ihiT I
n I ..niiiaiiiiLi' lin' i
.■liali'^valil.' /,■ ami v !i
i/t/,'lii>ili. w h.'i'.' till' Tum arora ha
if Imih i-, no doiilit. due III ill.' I'lnulish trail-
iiiati.iii ill .irthoyraphy ami also tin' i'.iter-
i.i Ii.' k.pi ill \ i.'W Thus ill.' ('aviiL!"a \\:\s i/r/,iiiiih. in the ( /iieidii
lillireiil li-ts, ih
s iinainiili. Hut the lluroii tiiiili. ill use now Itolli at
nloii, >iiows the re>ult ol loiii;- intercourse \\ ith I'luropeaiis Iteifetliny an
ai)pre.iaii.)ii ol'ih.'ii .li-iri mi nation li.'tu ..'U th.- hard and soft coii.-onaiils. Had the win do
Lor.'tt"' ;ind Ami.
series liii'ii d.'riv.'.l I
r.im .111.
lurie. -ii'h oil!io'j'ia|)iur variations would liav.' disappea
ired.
The lists have l„.,n luiiii-h.il In m.' h\ the K'ev .1.(1. Nimeiil :iml M. I'ii ard. edmated
lliiroiis : I. A horion.aii iilii.ai.'d Iro.pioi^; l)r. < »roiihyateklia. an edmated .M(diawk : Mr.
lI.n'aMii Hall' ; and also Innii < Jalhitin's valnahl.' .■oinparative lahh's of Indian vo.abiilaries,
in til.' ■ Ar. h.e.il.i.^ia Am.'ii. iiia ' In tlie Syiioiisi- oJ lln- Indian Tiih.-s. to whi.h theso
vo. aliiilaries l.inn an appiiidix da";. lin i la--..! Ii'.iii ih.' Tiiiejocs ami th.' Xottoways,
aloiiii' with ill.' Tiisiarora^. a- south. 'in ln.(|u..i- liili.'s. K'.'.-.'iil r.'s.'.ir.h.'s o| Air. Hale have
^stahlish.'d th" tru.' pi;
ill.' Tut.]. I.'- Ill III' with the |);i. otaii, and not the Iluroi
Iroqii.iis laniily ; Init it is cilnrw ise with the ( "herohakahs. or \otl
owavs,
wh
ose Home
was in south-.'ast.Tu \'ir^iiii;i. wli.'r.- th.'ir i
river Oh which they dw.'It. At i
one hundred ;!ii(l thiitv w;lrvior^
iii'iiiory is perpetuated in the name ol' tin?
le clos.' ol' the sev.'iit.'.'iith .eiilury tliev still numbered
or alioiit s.'Veii hundred in \\\\: but twi'nty years later,
f the
of th.' wli.il.' tribe only tw.'iity souls survived. At tinil diile t
laiiuuaii'e were obi;iini'd. which riiniish >;itisr;i.-torv .'vid.'m-.' ..I'll
wo vocahularies ot tni
I.' I'orrei'iness ol' their
CANAItA, A TYI'K'Al, l{A<'K Ol" AMI'I.'KVW AIIOIMCINIX
ot
<'liiN>ilit'utioii tiiiioii^ Miulht'rii lni(|uniN Irihcs. 'I'lirir iiiiiurnils. :i.s >liu\\ it in tin- litllnwiiitf
taltlt'M, ni>i»r(ixiiiiiiti', us miLilil he aiilitipiiltMl, lo iIkoc i>\' llic TuscaroniH, iit Icusl in llii>
Utiijority of lilt' priiiiaiy iiuiiiIh'Is ; wlifi-ias iIk.m' nl' llir Tnli'lci's arc totally dissimilar.
An In lh«! 1{as<|uc uuiiicrals inliiMlmi'd into llic i oniparativt' tahlcs, (In-y only sulliio
to hIiow tlic (livi-rsity oj' \\u> pn>-Aryaii lanijiiaui' htill sjioki-n, in varying dialirts,
on liotli slopes oj' till' I'yn'nt'cs, IVoMi fitln-r ihc Irocpiois or any other Know n Anieriean lan-
^•lla^^^ exeepi in so far as hotli are aii'ulnliiiat i\ e in stiniture. \ ;in l']\s. in iiis " Hatpin
drainniar," draws attention to the words Inihizl.nrri. and liirrii<'iiri, "naked " ; tlie lirst ol'
wliirh literally siunilies " red-liair," and Ihc seeond " red-skin." They arc intercslinjj
illustrations ol the way in which important historical i'aeis lie emhedded in ancient Ian-
tfuai^'cs. Ihil the eoloiir of the hair iurhids the inl'ercncc ihat the ruddy liasi^uos of
primitive centuries were akin to ilie " Redskins" ol ihc \cw World.
The phonoloify of Ihc Irocpiois languages is nolahlc in oilier respeils hesich-s tlioso
already referred to. Accordini^ lo M. Ciioii, an ahlc iihilolonist, who has lal)ourcd for many
years as a missionary among the liiMpioisof the province of l^uchcc, the sounds arc so
simple that he considers an al[>hal>ct of Iwclvc letters sulhciciit for their indication:
a, f\ f, h, /, /r, )/, (), r, s. /, ir. The Iranslitcrations ndiceahle in tiie \arioiis IriMpiois dialects,
follow a, well known phonetic law. Thus the / and /■ are interchanui'ahlc, as ronlcire,
"man," in the Mohawk, heeomes in Iho Oneida lniil,ire; nij-lm, "hoy," liecomes A/.c/Kf ;
nikniiho. " niy father," heeomes Az/.v/////, etc. The same is seen throughoni the compound
numerals from "eleven " onward. The Cayuga and Tuscarora most nearly aj^proach to
Ihc Mohawk in this use of the /■. A characlcii.siii' . haniic of a (lilicient kinil is seen in
the granunatical value of (he initial /• in the Mohiwk in relation lo e-eiider, I'or example,
onhii'i' is applietl to mankind, as distinnuishcd from l,iii/n>li, " ilic lnutc." It heeomes ran-
kur, man, noiihirc, woman. So also ni.nili. "hoy," chauiics to hi.rlni, "girl ; " rilii/r/mli. " my
Hou," io kliei/iiiiih, " my daimhter," etc The chami'c of gender is further illustrated in
such examples as nniliili, his apple ; nnii/rti. his arrow ; iili/:i>liili, her api)ie ; uli/.'oi/rn. her
arrow: iiioiialiih (masc). luttuihili (fem.l, their api)lcs : rdo'li/inikirlirh (mw^c), tio'lii/enhirinh
(lem.), their arrows, etc. liut this arrangement of the formative clement as a prcilx is
characteristic of American languages, though not peculiar lo them. Tims f^iahntdcughxe-
a-iirkonuli, Almightv CJod, (literally "Thou who hast all power, or strength,") bcctmics,
ni
in the third person, Iiiislin/slrii<:^li!>rniii-i>r/,vii^li.
Tl
le vowe
son
ntls are verv limited. No distinct ion is appa
rent 111 aiiv
ir
urou-
ic c and // so
1
nind
s are iil.so
Iroquois language hctween the o and the ii. In wiitinu' it
often iiilcivhani'caltle. Where, for example, c is iiscd in one set of t lie Tuscarora numerals
sui)plic<l to me, another si
d)stitutcs // for it wherever it is followc(l hy an // : e. e- , (w////.
full, elc. So also the word for "man" is writlcii for mc in one
'itijih ; nhsriili, iilisiitih ; eiitldli, ion
case (mkirr, and in another iiiih-nrli. It requires an acute and practised ear to discriminate
the ni.elics of Indian pronuni'iatioii, and a no less practised tongue to satisfy llu' critical
n
ative ear. Dr. Oronhyatcjrlui, when pressed to dcliiie the value of the /
sound 111
lis
own name, replied, " it is not quit*! t nor </:' The name is .'(nnpounded of on»i//a, " blue,"
the word used in the Trayer Eook for " heaven," and i/ndakhn, "burning." In very similar
.'ducatod Odahwah Indian, when asked by me whether we should
t
Asik
orms, Asikinat
awa
say
ouly by Indian ears.
•k, ail
Odawa. replied that the sound lay between the two, ~a ni.
tvd
iseernil)le
I
I
\ \'
i
92
h.WlKI. WlliSOX ON TIIK TIITKON-IHOQUOTS OF
Co.Mi'AK.vrn i: Taulks oi' .Nimhuvls l\ lluiiox-luotiums and Basui-k
irurtlKI.AUA.
(Ciirticr.)
socat.'i ... )
tiijiii'iiy . I
liirnoin . |
111 IM\.
l^Loretle.)
AVVAMXIT.
Mohawk,
8
10
11 !
12,
13 '
I
1-1
15
k;
IT
18
lit
20
I
30 i
100
1000
i
asclio
lliUlllMf'iil! . .
•Mlisf'oil . ...
imlaliir . ...
ayaga
ailigue
inailclliin ..
.'ikfit svat vin>ka...
(iiiili IcikU'c .'... dokeiiili.
acliin sliaiyht | alisunh .
ii'lak aii(la!i:h( | kayerili
WlSCll.
waliia
l.-^otari'
aiorc
cnisoii .
as-<em .
ascnsl<ati.-karr .
aseiilcnilili-k:in
as(.>uaeliiiisl{ari'
aseniial\.-k
i^clivk
ax'iiwahi:
a-oiitv,ilaivsk
iti'ivsk
a.soiicnl.-oii'-lvari'.
toiiili eouascn .
.'ii'iiink iiMiaMii
ciiiiiot ioiiaM'D.
aM'nalc out'iuiiart'.
worisli wisk.
wausliaii
HOdlaio. ..
aiilaiai ..
aiiitiu ....
yayak ...
jadali
sadokdiili
tvoiloiili .
aii!j;Ii-a:,f!»
:>yoiV
assail c.-^calroscarliot utb'ravawoiiroli
asanfcni I'scarliel.
dokciiiliyawonfeli
alisiiiili^-awoiireli .
kaycM'iliyawonroIi
wiskyawcnreli ....
jayakyuwi'iiicli ,
iadalivawenicli ..
sadckonliyiiwcnndi
(yo(|c)iiliya\voi\rch .
d.'it
iwaiiirlisa ,
(U'wa.siiiili
sciitomaiiiifarwe.
as'-cti at(fii(ii;;iiaiiii
alisuidmiwasuiili
iinHkadowennviiwoh
>y erili-nadowoiinyaw sh
CANADA, A TYPICAL RACK OF AMKRICAN ARORKilNKS. 93
Comparative Taui.es ov Numerals in Huron-Iroquois and BxscivK.—CoiUinued.
1
2
;j
4
5
G
•7
8
9
10
11
IL'
13
14
15
Ifi
17
IS
lit
20
ao
100
1000
Oneida.
unskft
dokon
aliHunli ...
Uayeli
wisk
Om)NI).V(1A.
skiulali . .
(lel<oiiili.
iilit^unli ..
kiiyeili..
wisk
CwiTdA.
Skneca.
8ka( skat, skaut
yahyak aliyak
jadak ' jadali .
deklonli dokonli
wadlonli wadonli
oyelil) I wasoidi
unskayawi'iilfl) : nkadahkah.'
dckcnyawcnlili | dekoni'diaho
ahsiinliyawcnlili ... > aliMiidd<aln'
kaycliyawoidili .... kayeilikaho
wiskyawcdili wiskalu>
yaliyak^-awoidili ... aliyaUkalio
jadaliyawi'idih jadaldialio
doklonhyawenlili... dekcnldvaho
wadliyawcidili wadonhkalie
(lewaMinh ; dowascnh
j
ahsuidiiiiwasuidi ... ; alisunliiiiwasi'idi
unskadewcnayawoli ' i.kailalidcwoiiiiyaoliewoli .
slvalskaroli
doiuiiliskaroli .
alisi'idiskaft'li ..
koiliskaioli
wisldvareli
liyodiskaroli ...
jadakskaiH'li....
dokiunhskafcli
skatskao
dokiUHkac ....
senskac
I
kciskii
WIS
dcknili dekni, tindoo
ahsoidi son, sliaiglif
kcili kt'i, kaiv
wish wis, wish
liyoiii yci, yaoe
jadak ' djadak, jawdock
(k'kniidi dckioii, tikkcii^di. ...
(iyoton tiohtoii, teiit()iij,di ...
wjiscnli ' washoii, wushagh....
. yeiskao
. djadakskao
..'] dokioiislcao
oyotouskavoh ■ diohtont*kao
dowasonli dowashcii
dowasonii skiUskarcii slionkwashoii
Kkatdowentiyawoh .. skatlowcnyao |
I I
' washen noto^vonyao. j
I
.■ii
W*'T^-*'*CF.»«I5*
i
I
94 DANFHL WILSON OX THR IIURON-rilOQUOLS OP
CoMl'AItATlVK T.VIJLKS DK XrMEi:.Vl,S IN HtTUON-IUOQUOlS AM) ]5ASliUE. — «>«//«««'(/.
TlSt'AUnlt \.
3 j f
4',
5 A
'i (
7 J
1(1
11
12
1;;
M
lllljill
lU'klili
nh.siinli
iiiilali
visk
)V.tk
iiiKih
i:iu,-|-(inli
lirunli
VilSUIill
nijili>l<ai;il\
iK'kiili.'-karjui.
ili~iinliskar:-.li
'lali^l.
arah .
l"i \\■isk^^kal■al)
ii;
17
J>
1:1
j ;;ii
I loo
1000
iivak>kara]i
janali-karali.
iia^-niiili>karali
iiii'uiiliNkarali
lU'W .tM'llll
uiiilali'liua.-oiili
k'a\a>\vili
Nottoway.
unto
<lokanc'e.
irsi, (luaadisa
llCIlti
wills
uvatr
iiliata'' ..
Ul'IIOlTllIlk.
wasiia
iirtiskalir
((••KatU'skalir
K'wartha uiitcskali
I arsi'iuH' warsa.
<!iliai-(lif(
iinlovoa.sti
I I'd'
Hulls, iiDsai, iioiisa.
iminba. iioni|)
nam, lam. lal
Iml
bi, 1
ntra
hi
nil-
io|ia, topai, (op laur
uasa, ivisaii, Ivisaiu.
l)ort/..
aKa.siio. ajru
!"'• i'g'
.sam)in. sii''oni,'nh
I palan. jialali .
t-sai'ii. k>ald ..
])iil.skai, |Hitsk
aijcnosai.
ii''onomlia
zaspi
zoi'tzi
bcdorat/
lianriar .
Iiamaik
liainnli
aij'olali
hanialiinii
:i,i,'t'tt»lia i liamaluiir
ai;-eM-isai
air(.>o-asi)o
ai,fosaironii
ap^]iahili
liaiuabiiriz
am:i
)iai
laiiiazaspi ..
Iiai)
lazortzi
aiickisaul'
i<a
linin
orelzi
piilska iiiiiiilia.
IHil.-ka iiaiii.
idLfei
okcui liiUskai....
ohm
11 cia liainai
milla.
CANADA, A TYPKiAL RAOF. OP AMKIUOAN AIJOPaGINlW.
98
111 ri'lation to number Ihciv are Itoth a dual an>l a plural, hut this is liuiiti'd to tho
proi'.ouus. The ptnyonal pronoun is thus tloclinod : —
FlKt^T I'EHSON.
SlS(ill.AI!.
Ul'AI..
J
lih.
UV
OnUoniiiilia.
My
Alikwawcnli.
Onm
Onkyawculi
ife
lili.
I'l.riiAi,.
UV ( tiikyiuiliu.
Oum Oiikwawonl
SECOND TKUSON.
TIlDII,
Thj
Sawcnli.
y<ia Staidiilia.
lV)ii/'< .lawonli.
You
.Idiilia.
Stuvawciili.
TIIIHD I'ERSON.
He
Kaoiilia.
liiKlWCllll,
Sli',ovit Aiiiilia.
i/i r'.s or iV.-'. AdWtnili.
Tin [1
Udiiiiiiha.
Ui-it
Konoiilia.
Till irx
Itaiiiiawoiili.
Till /';■»■
HadiiawtMili
Thiij
( liumlia.
Tin ir.t
Adiiawciil
.
The pronoun may thus be sliown in ijost-posiiioiial relation io tlio noun
I iiin II Mohnirl:. Kaii.v(Mikoliaka lu' lili 11'. (()■. Mulinnk.-'.
Thou iirl II Moliiiii-I:. Kanyoiikrl.iika no iscli >"" cir .Holinirh
If, ;.<<( Molniid: Kaiiy(Mikcli;ika 110 radiiha TlniiinrMolinirh
KaiiyoiiUi'luika no i.nkynnlul
Kanyonkoliaka no joliiia
Kaiivonkoluika no 01111111111
Til!' i)lural ol' nouns is lormed, for the most jiart, in t^vo ways, aconlino'
to 111
e rela
tiou of tho word to animate ])oin^'s, o
r to inanimate ohieets. For tlie former tlie teriuina-
Ided to the siniiuhir form of the noun. Thus i/ii/,
tion ofivnh is ac
in tlie plural i/ttkomlfii^olnonh. In mi/iirr, ■' m
fiimil.'l'/IS,
a liorse
ill." there are the distiiirtive olurab
heculUi'S
■(iinin/nn\
men," oiikii'flio/ioiili. '' m
aiikind." For inanimate objeets the ad<lition becomes okaii, or
oko)i'ih,
iihi/iili(if>(»i(ili.
till
SdlTl
I'omes (ihsiii-rlioi,oii. or 11
li>:iirchii/<viiiili : uhlitli becomes (iliihihholioii. or
In expressiim- licnder there is
ii li't
■neral form used when speakini:' of the fcina
(' sex.
and omplovi'd without distinction, as a comnit
111 "'eiK
:lor, when referriiiu' to animals. In
spi
ak
ina" ol men am
speaking' of women
I women toii'dher, tlie masculine dual or idural form is used. In
al(»iie the common "'ender is applied : but there is another distinclive
form in the prommii, employed only when six'aking of, (.r to, on
e wli ) IS an obict
ibji
respect (n- allection. such as a motliei
fliis i.s indicated in the pe. uliar ao'i>-|uliiiativ
f ilie lan"-ua«-e by the hi or kr as a feminine intercalation, thus : uJiknoiihti. sli
structure o
(ihkoirenlt. hers. The change fr(;-,ii in
expri'ssed mainly by the use
roukwe Man.
i/oiiknr AVomi :'.
asculiiie t.) feminine in nouns relating;' to man
n tlie initial *• or /.•. as in the following examples : —
kind
IS
rii.rah lioy.
kaxah Girl.
The pronoun is amalii'amated with the noun, in ac.
riliiiiii'ih My son.
l-hiiHinih My daui-'litor.
ordaiice with the agglutinative
proc'oss
which rules throughout, as in
the following < xami)le, and in its mode of formiii!
1
96
J)AN1I;L WILSON ON TllH IIUllON-IllOiiUOIS OF
I
i
tln' possossive riuse. " My apple," is nhKinihih. This is a .•ompouiul ol'tlu' i)r(>ii(mii, dhkwti-
uriili, "iny,"' and hvliilt, •apple," l>ut instead of dhhiraircih i- hihilu the last syllable of the
pronoun, ami the iirst of the noun, are elided. The peculiar forms for e\pr(>ssini>- the
speeial and eonnnon fenuile gender are also shown here in llie iorniation of the second and
third persons : —
fuiliih Thy aiiplc, IVniii ,<'!»( i/A ■■ hihili.
i-'iii/iih His !i|i|iU<, ■• r..MH'i /'// ■■. hiliili.
{ iihkiiliili llrr aii|>li', '■ iilditifiiih r kiihilt.
\iin/ii/i Her, 111- it.s,iililple.-i, " lunii iih + kuliili.
liilLiidliik
jitliih
M.\s<.'. r'tminliili
V'k.m. or N'i:i'T. >uiii'ilii!i
Our appli'.
Ytiur ii|i|ilo.
Th«ir a|i|)le.
Tlioir appli'.
ririi.M.
Hidiriiliili.
ncii'iiliih.
M \-if. raiiniiliili.
Kkm. iir Nkit. iiniinliili.
So witii /,-iii/fiikiriri'li. "an arrow." or ahlohrnh, "a tomahawk ; '" the possessive case is
similarly formed thus : —
'ildii'<td<ib)ili My tomalia"k. (ilihiiiirinih nhilnhiili.
smloliitih Tliy '■ from ■•"III: nil " " "
runilokrnh His " " rnnniniuli " " "
'ihko'loh' nil Her " "' 'ilikuiruiili " " "
'ii"lok:iili Hit, iiY it- tniiialiawk, fruin 'IhiiukIi nlnlitkiiili.
The dual and plural are formed throuiihout as in the lirsl example.
The same pemiliar distinetivi^ feminine forms, the one use<l in addressing a person
loved or respected, and the other ai)plied to ar. iiiferior or a stniiiLrer. aileet the eomliina-
ti>>n ot the pronoun and verb, as in the followinn' exainple ; which has no claim to pre-
sent all the minute elaborations of which the Moliawk \crli is susceptible, l)ut will in
some deiiTee illustrate its llexibility, arid the i)rocoss by which it aecomplisluM results
akin to those etfected by the I'^nglish auxilia'-y verbs : —
Thi r, (•'. 'I'd ( live.
IM)I('.\T1V1. Mii(i|>.
!'i;i>KNi' 1'i:(".i:ks?-ivi; 'I'i'.xsi:.
1. Witli Ma.srulilic oli;iTt lo vrrli.
siNc.n.M:.
riiiniiix I am L'ivinc liiiii.
I hl-mii/i Tiiciii ;ii! ^.'iviri;.' hiiii.
'■""'■< Hi', slic, nr it, is L'i\ iii'.' him.
ii(tKi(iiiini.t We, i\Mi jirc L'iviiii; liiiii.
I hlRijairi.^ 'N'dii twn ai'i' irivinj; liiiii.
ronn-iiinn 'Hicv twn t\\t\ L'iviiiL' him.
11 I KM.
^hnkirdu-in Wo aril uiviiiiT liim.
Iil.iixi iriiiiin \ou arc i^iviii;; him.
ri)iiiriiii-l.i 'llicy M. aii'l !•'.) are ^.'iviiin' him.
AVith I'cminiiii' iilijct 1,1' liivc. or ri's|K'i't.
Uifitn'in
.«'iA*ojr(.^*
l/'tl;oid-<
am ;_'iviii_' lii'v.
'hull art ^riviiij.' iicr.
<■ Is LMViiiu' her.
10, or it, i.s ^'iviiii
ii'iklihinn-ii \Vi' avo ^'i\iii;,' hor.
itHif'tiiiiwiK Villi aro jfiviii^ her.
yiikuniwix 'I'lioy (M.) aro t;iviii).' lior.
yiikonaxds 'I'lioy (F.) aro giving lior.
'
CANADA, A TYPICAL KACE OK AMERICAN ABORIGINE.^.
97
DIAL.
yaMi>jfm-i!< Wo two arc n'win^ hor.
ycixiyawh You two iiro ).'iviiis Ikt.
mkonamK Tlioy two aro tiivinK Iwr.
:^. Willi I'omininn or Noiilcr Object.
. . , it iiiilciivirln Wo aro i-'iviiv.' hi'T, or it.
I am ''ivina Imr, or it. '''"" ^. . ..
. . , -t sci/v/icM You aro u'lviii); lior, or it.
r :;e';:o :'ir^- :;.... t>.o.(m.) a., ...... or...
.., „. She l-.ivi.; ho; or it. ."^-""•'•■' 'i-'H^y (^•> - ^'-^^' "-' '^^ '*•
Th.ro is no .hang., in iho dual to distino-nish between " g-ivino- him" or " h.T," ami
mi iris
ravin
youis
giving them."
liijnrnli
flifiidvih,
sluiknwih
yakovih
1.
riyairih
rhlxnrih
rmcih
With Foin. Objoot.
T siavo bor.
Tiiou jravost bor.
llo gavo bor.
Sbo, or it, navo bor.
PaKT iNnKlINITlO.
With Miuscnlino ObjO(;t.
T jiavo bim.
Tbon pavt'st biin.
IIo, or sbo, jiavo biin, or bor.
?,. Witb Foni. or Nout. Object.
hawih I pavo bor, or it.
gawih Tlimi ;.'av.>st lior, or it.
ramh IIo, or sbo, gavo bor, or it,
yawih IIo, or sbo, gavo bor, or it.
rUHSBST rHUIWT TlASll.
ncnhkeyauih ' I bavo givon luni. or bor.
vrnshninirih Tbon ba..l given bin., or bor.
vnMuikowih Ho bas given bim, or bor.
r,enhyiik>y,i-ih Sbo, or it, haa given liim, or ber.
Past Peritict Tknse.
1. ^^■ith Mas. Object,
n.nh!^ihiiimnh T bad given bim
nn\hiiit!<iiirih
ncnlioihnrrih
ncnhyi^iiiikiimrili
7icn h/tirtidsrimirili
rinilixlhnnvvvili
Tbon badst given bim.
IIo bad given liim.
We bad giv.Mi bim.
Yo.i liad given liim.
Tbov bad given bim.
iiriihsiki'ij(rvih
ru'»i7i."' .</"■;/""'"'
venli.'<iK}nikmrili
venliiriyakoinli
ncnlntiiinkhiijiiinli
»ic»/i.'ii/i (•'-•';/""''''
ncnhi'ii'hnkiwiiJiili
■Diiilmiiii'k'iiiavili
4. Wit
ninh^iki'iji'ii'ili
iirvhuinlicyinrih
vivhmfhiikoiiili
2. Willi rem. Object.
I bad given bor.
Tbon badst given her.
Ho bad given bor.
Sbo bad given bor.
Wo bad given bor.
You bad given ber.
TbfV (M.) bad given bor.
Tliey (V.) bad given bor.
1 rUir. Obj.M't.
I bad given tbom.
Tbdu badst given tliem.
Ho bad given tbom.
81iebad given tliem.
3. Witb Fi'.ni. or Nout. Object.
venhsikavi • T had given ber.
„m;i.W.sv,„i7- Thou badst given ber.
,xniyihmr\h 11.^ had given bor.
v(vUim>mh i^tie had given h. .
v,nhsi<H<kv;unh W.. bad given her, or it.
wnhi>i!<amvih You bad given her, or it.
nrnlMonwxuih Tboy had given ber, or it.
'^The prefix, Ink, is hero, an,l in the t^iHowing tense, a .•ontraction lor ol,u:l,, abvady.
S.*. 11., 1SS4. m.
I
1
vs
\K\\H:\i WiL^ON ox TlIK IIUUON-IROQITOIS OK
I'l n i:i: SiMi'i r. 'I'iask.
i
1
i
1. Willi M:l>. (H.jcft.
I will
wiliiiionh
vntslii'iili
Wllidoiili
viifnl:H(iiiiitil(, (If cniilr.
int.iiikiiiiiih
VUtfifi vnimnh, ipV
mUnijoiih
hlilfiiiviiiKinli, (ill' riiiill'.)
i\(' liilll.
'rilnll will L.'i\o liilll.
Hi' will ;_'i\i' liilll.
W'l' W ill L'i\i' liilll.
Ynll will
'I'llrV W 11
;ivi' liilll.
;:i\i< liilll.
x.llll llllllll
fiii.1, iimili
iiiiniihiitiili
lllllinl.ililllll
iDiijiikhiijnoh
uuiirtsl'inith
iivhiiktmimli
•■uiinhiiiunih
With Koiii. Oiij.'ct.
I will ),'ivo lior.
'I'lidii wilt t-'ivK lior.
Ho w ill fiivo licr.
Slio w ill ii'wo lior.
Wo will ^.'ivo lior.
YdU will jiivo lior.
Tlioy (M.) will jiivo lior.
'I'lioy {V.) w ill L'ivo lior.
Willi I'oiii. I'T Niiil. olijci't.
Uhbiiili
VII XI ill h
iiiiriDili
iniiKioiili
VIKJill^lJlllill
VUJOIili
Viilll. III111I1I1
Iwill L'i\o lior, or it.
Tliiiu w ilt t.'ivo lior, or it.
Ho will jiivo lior, nr it.
Sill' w ill L'ivo lior, (ir it.
Wo w ill |.'ivo lior, (ir it.
You will jrivo lior, ur it.
'I'lioy w ill ^'ivo lior, -ir it.
1. Willi :\l;i>. (ll.j.vt.
ni'iilifunhiii'lirili
ncnhmniti'iiirili
Il(?l.«!(!(/(i)(C(7(
//. Ji/(.T)(.v/i<(/."((iri7i
til )i//.»it.«/.'<i.«< ('■'("■i/i
Dniln^liiliOiniilii'ili
1 .shall havo. '.'isi'ii liiiii.
'i'lidli >1ki11 lia\o /ivoii him.
Ho, (irBlio, shall havo L'ivni him
Wo shall havo L'ivon him.
You aluill havo j.'ivoii him.
Thov shall havo 'jivi'ii him.
Similtuly also
followiii'j; tciiso : —
riijoihiTix
ihlsliililorh
foilurh
l"iiti;i I'KiMix-r Tknsi-.
2. With rem. Ohjoot.
Ill iilinimkiiiiiirih I .sliiill havo f^ivon hor.
Ill iilimsli: ii'iir'ili Thou shall havo <.'iviMi lior.
iiiiiliKiinliiihiirili Ho .shall havo vrivon lior.
Ill ii)ifviiiinkiiH-ih She. shall liav(» jiivou lior.
tiiuliKiniiiiiklili/iiirih Wo shall liav 1 ^^ivoll lior.
ihiilnniiiiKts-iiiiiirih You shall havo fiivoii her.
ji. iili.nisliiikoiiiiirih Tlioy (M.) shall havo jxiviMi lior.
vnihmnijdhmiiinli Tlioy (,!•'.) shall havo j,'iv()ii lior.
15. With Fom. or Xout. Ohjoct.
iinili!»iiil:iiicih I shall ha\.< trivial lior, or it.
vnilisinil'ivili Thou slialt havo j.'ivoii lior, or it.
Viplifiirilaiirih. i\t' shall havo >;ivon lior, or it.
■tiihlnuinmirili. Sli(> shall havo ^'ivou lior, or it.
vnihmiii/iiliiiiirih Wo shall havo j;ivoii lior, or it.
Vivhmtmii-uinrili You shall havo (livon lior, or it.
iiihlii'^mlninv'iirili Tlioy shall havo. ".'ivon lior, or it.
nirKKATlVK MiXij).
rlilnloiih ]1(i thou jrivo him.
s'hiiionh Po tliou ;.'ivo hor.
fhl.o'ijonh l)i> yo ;.'ivo liiin.
vulitil/ohh III) yo j;ivo hor.
Iitkiruiiniili. I'V riii\\v. Iiiliionli l>o you givo !ii(>.
tnknwnh (S. or p.) i_'ivo n?, two.
I'iki iniioiili Ho you two(.MV(^ 1110.
tlic vrrli, 'J"(i Diivo, is .similar' v coiijugiitod, as shown hero in Ihi^
I'Kr.,-i;\T I'KiiiaiKssivi:.
1. Willi Maf-r. nl
1 am ilriviii'.' him.
Thi'U art ilri\iii<_' liiii.
Ho, nr she, is ilii\ ill'.' him.
jort.
iihiikitilDri.t
chtsiiii UMidorl
riiiiiiiiilorin
Wo aro (Iriviiij; him.
You nro ilrivirn? him.
Thoy aro driviiijr liiin.
CANADA, A TYPICAL HACK OF A.MKIUCAN AUoltKilNK.S.
00
Imt.
Hiiiliir'tK
riiilurit
•:. With I'lm-, Ol.jcrt.
I am tlriviii;,' tliotn. ijiidm-U
Tlioii art ilriviiit; tlit^iu. i/iikliii/iKlnrit
11(1 is driviii-' llii^iii.
Slin IS liiiviiiij limm.
U r ;nc> ■liiviiii: liioiii,i':i',,
[«(//(f i/,< /■■ /•//, 'I'll ( ii\i ,
;!. Willi I'ciu. or XiiiU. Olijcrt.
Iciiimlorin I am ciriviiiu' ln'i', m' it.
.11 llii(li,ri-'< 'I'lidU art ilii\ ill'-' liiT, III' it.
n'liiihddoris Ilo i> ilriviiiv' liiT, ni- il.
!/iibi<l<ii-iii Sill' is ili-iviiiL: Iiit, m- il.
The vcrl). To Hunt, simply chaiiL^'t's tho Icriiiiiial ris of ilic hist vcrh into /■*//>'. /u//*i-
iliinih, " I iini hunting- her," or "it," etc. The verl). To Lcinl, rhanij'os it into //</s. Ivmiihn^,
'■ I am liMidinii' hor." It will he observed that the Ft-minino sinii'uhir is like tlu- plural,
f.g'., kcijou'h, " [ am li'ivini? her," or '' them ; '' /ifi/iu/oris. " f am (Irivin^' in'r," or " th<'ni "
llii iiiliiiit I am li'iiiliiiL' licr. /mii/ihv I am IvU'liii-' Ih'V, "I' it.
yliiiiiliii/< 'I'lioll art li'Ililill'J ImM'. sniilntK 'rimll art Irlidiii'.' ImT, n|- il,
»liiil:i)niliii!< 11(1 is Iciiiliii'^ licr. rmiilri.t Itc is li'iiiliii'/ lin-. nr it.
i/'ihiuiliiix She is Icmlim,' linr. iidiillmx Slir is Iriiiliii'.' Iicr, or il.
The examples addui'ed may siiiHee to illustrate the elahorate yi'i consistent syuimotry
f>r the ver}», compounded out of thi' siii'nilicant roots of its \ ariotis vcrlial and i^'rnmmatical
memhers. Prefixes, s\iHixes, and incorporated elements of suliordinate jLirls nf speecli,
are ,s() coml)ined as to lurnish the most delicate shades of cxpressjini. >iirh as ihc Knsrlish
lanffuaii'e has only ac(pured at a late stati'e hy means of its atiKJliary vevhs: mid nil this
in the hnm'uiiii'e of a people not only without letters, lull lai'kinu' the very iiidinn'iiis of
civilization, in so far as that is dei>en(h>nt on a kiiowli'du'c of the arts
The euphonic cliami'es which mark (he systematic transitions in ihe Mohawk laii-
li'uane. thouirh hy no means peculiar to if. cannot fail lo nuakcii an interest in tin;
ihouu'hful stuileiii. who rellects on the social condition of ilic pi'oplc anioim- whom this
elahoraled vehicle of thouii'lit was the constraining!' power 1>\ means of which iheir chiefs
and elders s\\ ayed the nations of the Iroipiois confedera''\ ,\ iih an cln(jii('ncc more power-
ful and i)ersuasive than that of many civilized nations. They have hecn illustrated in
the verb; but the same svstematic ai)i)licaiion of euphonic chaii"_'c ihrouoli all the transi-
tions of their vocaluilary is .seen in the elaltorate word-sentences, so cjiaraiteristic of tho
extreme lensi'th to which the incorporatinii' mode of striuture of the 'furanian family of
laniyuau'es is carried in manvoi those si)oken })y the .Vmerican naticnis. The habitual con-
centration of conn)lex ideas in a sinulo word has |on<>' been recoeiiized, not only as iiivine' a
pecidiar character to many of (he Indian lanii'uau'es, but as one source of their adaptability
to the aims of native oratorv.
1>
rom tne
:\ri
issai'inise
Its P.ib
hot.
Pro!
essor
Whit
lleV
not
es a W(
»rd of eleven svlhildes; and Gallatin pr
odllces
from the Cherokee another of
les a (lescni)tive
ilopl
loloplirasin, and so aids Tin
seventeen svllal>les. This l're<|uen(ly embodi
native renderinii' of novel objects and ideas into a lanuuaii'i', the vocabulary of which is
necessarily devoid of the recjuisite terms. Ihit in such cases the au'ii'lutinative process is
obvious, and the (dements of the compounded word must he present to the mind of
speaker and hearer. The Ennlish word '" almighty
IS I
Iself an e\ainiile of the process.
It 1
x'comes
in the Mohawk Praver Book sfslia/s/rtin-lisrniiiin/.vuli, \'\n\n .■o'sltn/slrlt, " you ar<
stroni!'," and ahhrvLvnli. ''all," or "(he wlioh
When the missionaries lirst undertook to
render into the Mohawk language the gospels and service books for Christian worship, it
I i
I
I, I
100
DAXII'L WILSON ON TlIK lIl'UON-IROCiUOIS OF
I
m;iy In' (I'iiIiIimI il' many ol'ilicir « oin I'lis li;id ever seen a slicci>. Jiul they li;nl lo rciirotliicc
ill Mohawk this '.vi'in'i'al ((iiiri'^^itiii : " Wi' havi' rrvfcl mid .strnyinl IVoin Thy ways like loNt
slii'i'p." ThrN tliil il arionliiiLiiv in tiiis ra>liii>ii : 'l'r)/iiLiii'inf€i\i/fii(/iiireiin/rsnr(>.>ii //(''••ii'iifliii-
hdntgu'itixfilhii taisiihiilf tsinii/oiilil i/di/ii/iiiiiiulitoroiili lri/n(/itiii/,iir(nf(i<ltti, wlii<h may hi' literally
ivmlcrcd : " We maki' a mistaki'. and i:'ct oil' ih'' I ra k where your mad is, (he same as
strayed aninial> witli small horns " The extreme lileraliiess oi' the reiiderinu- may pro-
hahly strike ilie mind of ihe l''nuli>ii reader in a way that would not oiciir to the Indian,
familiar with su.li ilcviiipiivi' hojoiihrasms. Hut it illustrates a dillieiilty with whieh
Eliot wa> verv I'amiliar when eiejaiied on his Massaehusells Indian J?il»le. In (raiislalinii',
lor example, tin' soiiu' of llehorali and llarak. where the mother of Sisera "cried throimh
tho latliee." the e(„ul mi'<sionary looked in vain in thi' Indian winwani I'or anything- that
oonvsponded to the term At leipjili he railed all Indian and deserihcd to him a lattice
as wicker work, and ohtaiiieil in lopoiiM' a renderiiiL;' of the text wliicli literally meant :
•■ The mother of Si-era looked tiiroULih an eej- put ." It was the only kind of wicker-work
of which the Indian had any kiiowlcdiic. I'ut such diliiciilties are triJlinu' compared with
the iih'a.s iiivolveil in t lieolni^ical phrase<ilo;iy. .such as necessarily occur in the Creeds,
the Te J)"iim. or the Liianv l''oi' example, the sfiileiice : • When thou tookesi upon thee
todeli\ er man,' a> rendered in i he IJlany. has the w ord " delivi-r '' repnxluced in Mohawk
by aiies(iLili!tlii//iii/ii/,()li. \\ hich is lormed of iilKunisusko. " to lict, " or '" hrinu," and olii/ddit.
"ahody." As to the Mohawk e(nii\alent for ' wondt." in the same seiiteiice, /.v/«f i;'7r>v/^A(/,(»///(,
it need nut surprise us to lind that its literal simiilicaiice is "in the helly." The word,
"'responses,'' wliidi in its pecnliar litiiryical siiiiiilicaiice was not to he looketl for in tlu'
Mohawk \<i( ahulary. is reiideri'd /rhiitliriirhiriwriiroiihs. or literally. " lii'st one and then tho
other.'' ' 'file name j'oi " heaven " is horiowcd from the visihle hlue sky ; oroiii/n. " l)lue,"
— in the Huron, (n(i///(/'K l,-<n-i)nhiiiil,tiiih. "in the hlue. " /.r,, hea\ en ; ihoiiti'h ill si)eakinii' of
heaven il is more usual to >ay kdnini/nkili. "on the hlue;" so also /,iiriifi//ii/irninii/tli, "heiiu^'
of the hlue," or "of heaven." i.r., heavenly.
The examples ordilfereiit lluroii-Iroijuois versions of the Lord's Prayer lierc producod
will hi'lp to illustrate tlic ( haracter of some of the leading forms of its dialei ts. Ihit the
remark with whit h Mr. Hale, in the inlroduetiou to "The Iroquois l?ook of L'ites,"
concludes his insfaciivt. analysis <>[' the formation of the Irocpiois hiiiguatre, is worthy
of special note. After indicatinn' the inarvellous jn-eservation of grammatical forms, not
less eluhorate than those of Sanskrit or (Ireek, among unlettered tribes, he adds : " What
is still more remarkable, a comparison of the Iroquois with the Huron grammar, shows
that, after a separation whicli nnisi ha\i' exceeded five hundred years, and has probably
exceeded twice that term, the two laiiLiuau'es differ less from one another than the French
of the twelfth century diti'ered i'n.m the Italian, or than the Anglo-Saxon of King Alfred
differed from the contemporaiy low (lerman speeili." -
The first of the following versions of the Ixu'd's Prayer is of special interest as a
specimen of the Hurfm lanunanc in a translation executed within twenty-five years after
the destruction of the Huron settlements on tlie Georgian l?av. The copy which I po^sr-ss
N
' When crnssinu' tlic >mp;ui in tlic S. .<. .'Sardinian, I was aniUMil Id linar tl,<( Inte Caiitain IMittcm iliroct
his soamcn, when assminlnl r.,r i(.li._'i,,iis siTvi.c, t(, slnL'/-",-/ nml w./c'"..in7,— a sailer's rendering' (ifantiiilionai.
- Till', irn(|n,,is i;n.,k nl jiii, v, , ,. n:;,
r
(!AXAI)A, A TYI'lCAFi l{.\('K ()!•' AMi;i!l<'AX A KOIMCINKS.
K)l
is iiutlK'nticatc*! l»y AI. Timl rirnnl TsiiSciiliolii, son ol' I lie liitc Iliivon ( liii-f, 'rMlinuvciirhr-,
iUid is ai'cdiiipimicd l)y the roliowiiii;' mciiionuulmii, I'rnni (hi' i)i'ii ol' tlir |{c\.mvii(1 I';itlii'r,
l)y \\ liom it liiis Imm'Ii traiiscrilx'd I'oc im' : '.li- soiis^siHnr icrtilic (juc la Inii'jui' iliinnim'
u'ii |)as cliamyi'M'. ("est la inr-iiU' laii'^'iu- <|iii rtail pMriic rii \i'>~:',. ii(mi> n'iixoiis jias (I'atilrc
I'dlfr (jiic ccliii. i|ui a rtr t'-cril par Ic lii'\ r-ri'iid iinv .I/'siiiti' ('liaiiiiiniiot, (pii rrsidajt ;,
rain'ii'iiiii' Lon-ttc avci: lo Ut'-vrrciid pcii- Jcsiiilf ricrn' Martin iiouvart. i'in( mviir dcs
Missions. JnsKl'll (iON/.A<irr, VlNfl'.NT ilni)i.;i,()M:i.S\N\i:N." ' A i()liipari>uii .if this
spt'ciuu'ii ol' the lltiroii laiit-'ua'jf. dciivi'd rroiii one of the .rcsiiit iiiissioiiai'\ l'';itli''i> of ilm
scvi'iitt'i'iitli I'cntury, with tlic sulisi'(|ii('iil Moliawk and liiKjUois vi'ision- ol' llir land's
I'raj'cr. wlnTcvor the sann' tcnns urc used, sitvi's to iilu^traii' sonn' of tln' mndilicitinns
that the lanii'uaii'o lias nndcrj^onc in tin- coiii'm' of liuii' and i'ldin lh<' dispcr>iun of lh<'
vai'c. This is scon in sm li words as Iho iriiron urtniliiu.r. wliich in ihi' Iroipiois iii'coiiics
Icnronhiiih', iiiid in the Mohawic /,(ir(>iih//fi/,(ii/li. Tin' old fnrni liihili-an is similarlv rlianui'd
to fcsi/f'ron in the Irocpiois, and to li'ixhi^iilvronh in the Mohawk ; and >o in oIIht inslanoi's.
\m<irhieii(liicii!il:ni. as iicrc nsi'd, nuMns siiirilv ■niavsi iIh'H Iia\i' an r\:il(
iic^dt
lonour
I'll. t<\-
<1, name '' II islho samo word as the ironnois (iii<itsrn/i'iiiii.
'h- I
I'riiinialinn
s/i'rn is a si'jii ol' tho optalivi' mood in th<' llurtni. Ain^^ii/iH'iffus/ir)/ appear^ to uH'an " niav wr
be ina(h' Iiapi)y, "or" Messed ; " and, as siuh. is a very nmndane rfudcrin:: of lh\ kinLidoui
eonie ; " hut the whole version i)artakes of the chara'ii'r ni' Miiraplirasr Xmuli mli' is
made up of iii\ "the," iiidr. " earth," and the lo; at i\r suliix ndr. inHiiihi:il,i a and I't^mnioiil
are from diiiionlrn, "to •■•ive." As lo the translation nf tin
-uiiph' pi'iiiiiin lor ilailv hnsid
it seems as thoui;'h two atteinjtts at renderinu' ii inio Huron iiad been madf; and holh of
them reta.ined, \vith tlie adverit /"(/w^//, "'also," to indicate ihe second lurni as a anuihir
version of IIk^ lir.st. Hut there is reason to suspect thai ihc text has suil'crcd. jirohahly in
repeated transeri[)tioii. Some of tiie words can only he cnnjcci urally rcndci.'d, in their
uncertain orthoiiTajdiy. The comma in the hody of a word repri'sents th,' xiuiul nf //, when
it stands for '.i primitivi' /t which has heen lost hy [)honetic decay : oi' is .-lunvd over in
indistinct utterance. Thus hi,'f<iLarriiiiini is in its primitive furiu tnhxuk'il.iirciniirii.
'tin: i.diiii'.s i'i;.\vi:i; in iiri;i>N
SkSa i.steii (If, nrniiiiii\,(^ liclsiln.ti aicsarliiciicl;teii>krii aiiis,iksa>ta>kin
(Hir f'ltlii !• ill llii III linn llniii iii-t sitliiiij, iir iihiiliiiii, mnii tiiii innin I" ii'dlnl. imiii iri If iii^nl: /iw/'/iy.
iiniiiliiii,(' aicsciKliiiorataskcu iiiiiidtMiilt' ia.scs "eskeu haiaSeiik elic^rialaii'vati.
ill liiiiii II thnil liini/sl li'ii-i till ;i iiill, 'III till lurlli in lil.i inHiiii, r iiiU'J il hniiin a llml llnill Imst ihil irill.
TaSaiiUDiitnskeii (^xelitate einlaio (I'draSoiistaksi u'duSt'iiiKHikSat taSiiiiiidiit i"enili
iiuiijut tliiiii ijivi- J nun ii nil to ti nil llmt nhicli In nniljiil i,,r mir lit'r; ijui ii< nhn
il'atoSi'iitiitd (rjiiiumlu'kSi. Sasanili.niiilirnk laiiiSari^aclrra.i ''n.«keiiaia>rii u'i'nilil.--'iiiSai|i,, ,111 hvns
fill- tin: ihni tliiit aliirli niiiki K tn liir. J'lirilun im mn- iironi/'ilniiii/ii iik i''' /i'ii'iIiii
n'oiixliiatiilali eiuioiicliieii (■(iii.Sasiclicii iiia tlf.ariSailcrai' a'^cti la.sa.aii'imicii d'nkaet.
Inii.ti irliii iiji'i nil IIS. lit not urircniw ii.< tin itin .(// turn fi-mn n.^ tl<iril.
In the year 1880, the rpi)er Canada IJible Society undertook the puldical ion of the
four yospels "in the Iro(|uois lanyuagv." In the report of the Society lor that year ii is
' It is tliiis doscrilK"! : "Oniismi iM.iniiiicale i-xtraiUMl'iin mnniisi'rit trtVamii'ii attrilinc an Wrvorciicl IVrc.
CimuiiKiiiot, .IiVnilc, qui ^'tail an Villai.'.' dti I/aiuji'iiiu^ Lmvltc avec Irs llurens en I'aiiiuV 107;'.." My ohliiiiitinas
nro duu to ,1. M. l/.iMoino, Rsq., lor kind survicos in aiding mo to [ir.niiie. iliis injiv.
f
\
102
DANIKIi WILSON' OS Till: niT|{()\-l|{0<)ITOIS OP
I
i
i>tati'il ; 'Tlu' (liivilms liiiNc .!.>.,•( rt:iiiii'(l iIkiI lln-rt' iiii' scvcnil tlmusainl nl' tliis Irilu" in
biifh <i>lt'lK'c jiiid ( >iil;iiic>, ;iinl tliat Cliicf Joseph (( Mioaki'iiriit) .'f Okii, ilic (nilisjiilor, \h
(Ulitc ( (illl|n'trllt I 111 IS In Hi\ r. U jlll (heir ln'l|t, II irmid and llv.'l'lll \ I'lsinll nj' (lu« ( iuspcls lo
liis own iH'dplc." 'I'lir icpdii of liic riillowiiitf yi-ar stall's thai an ('(liliuM <<[' n llidiisand
copifs liail 1)1 'I'll i>riiit«'d 'riic ( )l<a Indians, in so I'ar as tliry air iiniinois, avc descendants
lit tilt' Indians III' the I'ue Nalii'iis \vln>, under ihe inlhieni «• oj' the l-'reiicli missionaries
lt>l'l theii'oun people, and renio\iillo I, o\ver Canada, They were rhielly Mohawks, l»uL
iinluded repvisi'iiiatix e,s of ilie other ■• nations," The hinu:itaii'e whieh Ihey slill .speak is
sulisianiiallv the >anie as the Muliawk. tlioii'^h with i havartcrisiif local niodilica-
lions, ("liiei' .losi'i)h '.II his iraiislatioii eniplo\s ihe iirinter's suhstituin of Ihe cypher H
which was introdiiied iil an earlv dale l»v the l-'reiich missionaries to cepreNent holh
the French on and the j'lnelish ir I'loper naiiies, snch as .Mmdiani. Jacob, Mury, etc., an!
)>riiited ior tli<' nio.si imrt. wiili ihe laliiaN, in ordinary t\pi' Jhit win-re the true Indian
orlhoepv is reproduced, "Mallhcw ' liecoines ^^iilio : thus "Joseph, thf husl>and of Mury,"
is rendered Susi- ii'Hii>^iiri : and the same inlluciice i.f the aliseiice of the laltials is seen in
the i'ornis which such names occasionally assiinie in the old Moliawk I'rayer liook, I'.y.
Wiin/ I'or •' Mary." .\i:i''irriili for " .Vhraliam," etc
Cliii r Josejih (>ncsakeural was educated at St, Mary's CnllcLit', Monireal, and was I'or
a time cnii>!oycd as secretary li\ the Siilpii iaii I'aihersai < >ka ( tii sulisecpieiitly joininL--
the Methodist Church, he stiulied I'nr I'oiir years in preparation I'or missionary work amon<j^
his own i>eoiile, >.o that his Innislatioii must l>e a'cepied as the work ol' an educated native,
lro(|iinis. A e(,ni[iaiiMin liciwcen the laiieiuuie ol' this recent translation and tliat of tlie
old Moliawk I'layer iHink is lull nrinterist At a lir^t glance the diU'ereiice appe:irs to he
iiiucii :,;ieater ihaii provc> III lie the case on cJhm' invest iii'at ioii ; and is due, in a lar!.^e
dciiree, 1(1 mere variatiwiiv in (Hlhoiiraphy . such as are iiii'\ italde wherever t wo or more
students attempt iiidepeiideiitly to reduce all uiiw ritteii laiiL^iiaiie to dclinite I'orm. Thus
we liiid lii/,X(iii'/iliii. tii/,iriiiifnh(i ; NonXr/i/siaLe, iiidiiiriin/uhr, i'ti\ Other changes iiiv<dve a
little more uiiidilii at ioii nj' the Words; cm-,. LuiiXuiirnii. Ltiriliiriuirniiih : the iiirstiseiinairii ol'
the eastern Innpiois, would he in the Mohawk (ili//rsiisii>iri//(>slili, i'\r.: hut only one word in
the lollowiiiLr InxjUois version oltlie Kurd's Prayer deviates essentially I'roiu tho ^lohawk.
That is /a/.8(//-/S(//.s//(//, which I had rendered, from its jihne in the context, "lead us," Its
prohalile (h'rivation and true si'jiiilicance are discussed heiow The Mohawk equivalent
Avould he /ii/,!r(is'li(i,-iiiih/. Situated i',s the scattered memhers ol" this old race now are,
widely severed, anil precluded linin intei.ourse, sinh dialectic diversities must lend to
iiiiTcase. ('hani:i's both in diction and grammatical I'orms liavo necessarily arisen, not
only from the long separation of tlie Irocjuois of eastern Caiiaihi from tlieir western con-
licners. hut also from their admixture with Oiioiulagas and otliers speaking diU'ereiit
dialects; nevertheless the laiiuuaiie is .siill siihslantially the same. The French mis-
sionaries. ri'ionniziiiL;' the |a, i ;ilready noted, that in iioi I'tlie Irocjiiois languages is any
distinction made heiween the >/ and /. the y (hard) and /,-, or then and //, have simpli-
iied ihe alphahet hy using only the /,/.-, and n. The /( is used for the asi)irate, though
sometimes it is the si-^'n of the uutteral cli ; and the en and an represent nasal sounds
laniil.;ir lo ihe Irem li e;ir. The FiiLilish orthographv of the hiiieuage is at onee nioro
complex and les> ((insistent with its iirtlioejiy, in the ellorl to represent unfamiliar Indian
sound.'?. Iti tho i{ev. J A. Cuo(js '• Lexitjue de la i.aiigue Iroquoise," hegives " Kahnawu/ie,
TAXAPA, A TYPK'ATi RACK OF A^n■;RI('AX AHOIilClVF-N.
103
IiiIm' 111
INIM'Is Id
•'ll(l;inls
K'liiirit's
l\s, Imi,
[•••Ilk is
"xlilica-
>t Itolil
'ti'., urn
iidian
Mary,"
si'i'ii ill
lok, ^• •>■
Saiilt St. Li>uis, iKnii dc Himi d'Hil I'MrtliDLvraplif Aiiy-laisi- a Tail l'(iii<j,h)iitii<ivj;ii" So also
KniKtlti, a "lowii" /.r. ('aiia<la. l'"iiim this divcisily in spdliii'j mhIi iliaiiycs ri'.sull as llm
iMfiwh fidliiiilDiiXfi-ii, Kntflish /idhi/di/n/ilist'irn, " hook ;" /i^iinonin/:X(i, 'liclovcd" (IK. "you wliitiii
\vi> liivf"), ill ilu' dill Moliiiwk I'layt'r linnk i>'iriini>i'i»iiili/iirii. n\u\ in tin- nnidirn (irtlio-
tirai)liy ixti'iimmuililtu'ii. So iil.so /r.sv/,' iiv sanuhhi, " take up Ihy lied," of llic niodi-rn Iro(|Uoi.s
yospcls IxToiiics /A'sri;/)'/.' ///' siih<i',<fu : and siisdfrn/i fsi fisiiiioiisnfi; " >si> into tliv lioiisi'," '\n
ri'\\i\i'ri'*\ siisin^lii/iim/i/ /^ii/i'sinii)n^li^(>i/r. Tliiis a Iraiisliti'riition of IIh' old I^'iriiili ami tln^
modrrn l"]im'lish Vfi'sioiis yrcally rcduci's Ihc apparciil dissiniilaril y ln'twrcn tlif two
spiTiniciis of Moliawk or Iiixniois. Tlit'sc variations, mainly due to a diU'crrnci' in tint
ortlionrapliii- modt's ol' rcprt'sciilinii' Iho sanx' sounds, l»ut also indicativf of < lianj^os ill
pronunciation, arc furtlu-r illustrated in. tlicir numerals. This will lie .^een ]>\- a eonipari-
son of the soiies liere fiiven, with those in the preceding tables. They have been
furnished to me by J. A. Dorion, an educated native Irocjuois who is now the teacher
at the Oka Indian school : —
1, ('iiskii.
L', tnkiMii.
'.'i, nMcii.
4, kainri.
!>, wi.sk.
(1, iniuk.
7, tsiatdk.
8, HaUtkoii.
I", tidtiiii.
10, liicri.
'J<l, |c\Vli«ll(^ll,
liHi, (^ii>ku-le\vciiiiiawo.
But, in addition to the ai)parout dissimilarity arising from variations in orthography;
th»^ dialectic diU'ereiices, i)roduced l>y upwards of a century of sei)aratioii between the
Moliawks of eastern and western Canada, throw an interest iiiii' liijlit on the more com-
prehensive process of chaiii^'e which resulted in the oldei dialect.^ of the Six Nations, and
the dillereuce of all of lliem from the TTuron tongue. The iollowing is the Oka Iro(juois
version of the Lords Pravt^' as it occurs in the Oth chapter of tho Gospel of Matthew : —
'I'UV. LolMi'.S l'I!.\Yi:i{ I'lioM T''F. litiM^nns (iOSl'KI.^.
lakSnifiilm no knnpiiliiiiko IcsitiMdii, nii'snscniiuit^ii iiicsaSunniidstivko
Our j'litliir iti llii- Itainn Ihim iirl iibiilinn, iitnij Ihij mime lie i.mlUil ; imnj thou he iil>eijid <i,i soreri i'jn ;
niosaStninarakSaku iiniiSi'iil.Hiako tsinitiot no kaniiiliiako tiosaSonnarak.''a
fiuiy thou hitre tliii irill iloiie ov the nirlk like itn in hfur, n t'^ou hiifl Ihij irill ilnne ;
takSiiiKiut lie koiili St•nl(^ iakiniiiilickKtMi iiiateSoniiisorako sasaiiiUoiirlicn no imikSari.'^anprcii
ijire III Vit litis dmj iihul lee lire on (rerij ilmj ; Jorijet irhal iii hnre done rrrtnnj,
tsi nii(it nii tsimi' SanikiPiiilK^ii.s mitlioiKm idnkliiiiikonraksala imk to.sa
liLr nn ve ire ahu J'linjel (ini/lhing (irhin in) inii/ one nil'md tiK ; nnd uol
aionkSa^oiiiii no kariSaiioivii oliroii taneii tak.'iariSakSitcn no intakson-; a.sokon
irrioiij-iliiini/^, (ivnij lul ninore from xt.i vluit is tril hiemne ;
oiiMMiak(Moko kasa.stciiMM-a mii kaiu^nlonsora iali
»((7/ ahiile in jioinr ond
rnotj it on rctmie ti.f tin
Imo im( tsiiiiiiMilii'iiSo
Ihntl
tlli'rii
Jilt ever
takari8(pntan((
end, or more literallij, not irear toil.
Some features in this version aro worthy of noti'. The ne liere is geiu>rally the
delinite particle ; /.r, is tlu; locative particle. Oroiilu'ii, or Huron nnmhia,i\ as already noted, is
'i)lue ; " hvronhid, " in the blue,"' i.e., heaven ; nonimi/siaki'. " on," or " in the earth :" onirai-
tsia, with the deiiiiitt^ particle prefixed, and the locative particle as a suiiix. AiesaM'iitmien,
" may thy name be exalted," is from kasennii, " name," with the verbal prefix iiie^d marking
the second person singular of the subjunctive mood. Takimnoiit is from on, " to give," proco-
1
104
1V\N'IKI, WILSON ON TIIK Ill'IlON-IWOt^UolS op
/
tlod by till') oiiipitsiti' ]>ir)iirtun lukifiin. 'X\w word hinikoiiolia, "niiiid, " jh louiul in ii nuinhi-r
III' (It'iis iiti(tii> iiiid 1 iHiipcuiids, as iii ixiilxliiiiilniiiiiikaiiln, rciidnrd lit'ciy "wln'n'iii any diic
olli'iids 111'','" <ir " niakts a Imd mind." Tin' afisnfn i«. I'roin nhsfti, " l»ad ; " iis uIno ittfiiksrnx, " it
is t'vil.' <<iiiii'> I'roiii ilii' .••aiiic nmt, /{iisnsteiistrn. " powci," is iVoni hsuffr, " to \>o Hlroiif? ; "
kiiHrnliinscni, " liloiy, is troiii Lnnioiilun, " lo admin' ; " ihi' smi aildcd to the root-wonl jjfivcH
it the valii'- of an al>strail noun, as, in lln' l']nuli>li, " >lronp ' licronii's "ulit'iij^tli."
'l'ii/,ii-iin'irii/,irii,ii is a iniiijionnd \vlii> h pu/zlrd me, and on toiis»iltin<i; Dr. Oronliya-
trklia 111' replied tliat lie knew of no siieli wonl in the Moliawk lamjuaye. It is, tlu'ret'ore,
an *»ka linl(.phra.sni : win. li. j'niin its place in ilw i.i'iitexl. niii>l mean "lead I'rom us," or
Honie .siidi iil(';i, Mr. Hale >nj.'L''esl.'' ilial il i.>^ a i onii^'und fA' /.uriini, " lliinif," or "aet," as in
/iiin'u'diirrni. " wroiin-dniiiL^.' and hlnnrillin "to remo\ e. " or " \n\[ aside." H'so, it expresses
in a Word llie entire i>eiition. "deliver u> I'roui evil."
The lolIowinLr version of the Lord's IVayer is IVoni the Mohawk Prayer Hook still in
use aiiiiiiiir ill.' Six N:ili..ii Indians on llif (iraiid Ivix.'r, w.'stern Ontario; but whieh, as ii
traiishition, is tiiUyone hundred and Nev.iity years ohl. K eoinparison of it with the more
recent Iid([iiois translation i-> interisliny in various ways. l'"irst tli.'re are the sliifht varia-
tions notii'ialil.' in the same, or nearly similar worils. Shor^^irnnilin, "(hir l'"uther," of the
one. hecotucs ill tlu' other liil,ii'i:!iiihit . the hniiinhiinhoiih. ' in heavoii," cd' the older \i'isio)i,
h:is .ippar.iilly ai<piir.(l a sliulii . Iiaiii;'.' in i>ninuiiciation in the hiiroithinkv of the latter.
j\u'ain, the ni-inif::liii'riitsijn/,e, "on," or " in the <arth, " lieconies nonvriihitthr : and so wilhother
words. There are also interotinii' exanipl.s of dillereiit iill.'nipts at expressinj"' the same
idea, as : iriiotil.hii/dlstniltii. literally "those who hind.r us," or "Liit in our way," for which
the olhiT sul)«-titutes ii»i/,liiin7<(»iriihs(i/it. llu' composition of which has already been shown,
and wliii h niav he r.nd.n'il Ii.t.' any one (who) oll'.nds us." The complex liolophriixniH
are, on the who!. •. iiior.' numerous in lln' older N.^r.^ioii; luit it has also its ahhreyiationa,
as in the Isiiiiii-nili/inilif. "as it is,' \\ jii. h. when reji.'at.d, assumes the contracted form of
tsltlil/(l>lll/.
nil: i,<'Ki>> ri:\vi:i; in .nkhi.wnk.
s
i.K'jjw jinilin
I
i
('»/■ J'iilhir
ni.c.la\M;:lil''
Il/ill/ il ...l/lr
ii.'*kni'>.iiliy!iU.>iili
in /i.lM. )).
of
kiir. ■iili\iiK..Mli ti':_'liHi(lt.riiiili wagwa>:lisi<aim<li)k(inKli.li.'<t(. .'^iiyiuu'rlslu.rali
ill In ■It, II filli hi) in. nr liririij ill. 111 itiiiki lliij luiiiii hiilii. 'I'hii iliiiiiitiiiin
t«iti. !i_'li-<.Tih iL'h II. avawfan.' lie-. ii;j.'li\\i'al''\ akn t.sldiii-iiilyniilil
ns lln.ii <l,.<ii; .1, .«,, Ill il hiij.jnn 1,11 , Ill-Ill lis it in
takyiiiili II.' lii'aL'li w.'jljiii^.iaii' ii.'-iii\ a<li'\vi';.'Iiiiis('ruk<i (Hv^iunim.larok
'/'""■''' ilii< ihni ivirij ihiij our liriitil,
111.. Ill t.«'.la-\Mirijli\\iyi.y|<'a ii"-t.'<iiii> .n ^.'\\al^\\al..ii^;li l!-iiny..|ilil iii-.K'ky.iiililm t.'<it.'<yakliirij;liwiyosloaiiis
'""' (i,i;jii, yiK cur Iniitnirixyiiiiiii ns it in villi w> xce foT{livi tluia
iii-«a(.aktiiyal.swaii'a ni'.mi t..i;lisa ln>:\\ii'.'li-lirtiiii.'t t.'\\a.la.ii'aiiaki'rai,'Iit.>i'ke iiok
lln:-; II I,,, hiinl.r lis. I, r II, I ill imr iinii; ,1,1,1 'luiiiil lnnl iin I, rijitntiiiH in, I'Ul
|.i.ila'_'«iiya.lMl."li
)', (/. . m IIS, i,r s'li; in,
ii.'-k:i.-'lial>li':iu'li'. la
Il aii\ >!ii.l.iii ..I .\iii.!i.-;iii .iliiioiony t,i \\ ii,,iii tlir Inreuoinir remarks presonl featuri'.«(
l-llli..'\M
vh.r.
iii\ ...liivli.'ali
it (••. 1 nl ;
ik.-a ii'Sii
„r,iiis, till, II
hau.'aiik
III II
111'-
ia> am rtHlicrali
/ iiiijiliiiii
iii'.iii
II, III
Il.-nlli
iii'-.i wi'.-ica^rlil.tli.ia
;//•./•./, Iiii/i/iiii, .^n,
iHiniM'alii
aw.' II.
'iii
i„l
t'liniyialieawe.
/'./'. I'l r.
'r.'st. wil
■pi'.-ai
1 ll.iolV J
"in ,1 iii.ip of ihi' iiorlhciii conlineiil, and trace out the
wand.riiius of tjn' Huron-Iroquois rac as lur.' indicated, he mu.'it rovert in fanry tr
CANAHA, A TYIMCAI- UACK Ol' AMKUICAN AIUtKhilNKS.
105
'I iMitiiltfr
III iiiiy Olio
\i/>srns, " it
Niroiijf ; "
lord hIvcm
li."
< >i(>iiliya-
(lii'ivlorc,
[ill Us, " or
lti(," UN in
|i'X[>r«'KN(>H
f'fill ill
liirh, as a
ill"' moro
jIil vnriii"
ol" th.'
r \('isi<)ii,
h"' laHcr.
nlliolhcr
tlic same
or Avhich
11 shown,
i>pliiasiiiH
•viatioiis,
I form ol'
K'lali
iiiim
(iiilit
( h
imilariik
lirmil,
iyostoaiiia
liiin
•kn iiok
iii'diii
rt'aturos
out tiio
inry to
that rt'iiiutt' ti'iiim^ uhcii roiilrdi'ialrd iuMjiini.s and AI^^Hiikiiin .swipi in liimiiphanl
fury through Iht wiihlcd valley of Ihc Ohio, and iciMatt'd llnrc what Uotli aii<l lliiii
ilid for Kiiropi*, in Konif's tlctliiif and fall. IIh- loiiH-.si>ltli'd and hiini-ris ili/cd MouikU
Iluihh'iN, or Aliii^vwi, as wc arc liarniiiy to rail liirin, lied hijoiv t!if luiious (Hisct, h-av-
\\\\r thi' ^nal ri\ cr-valiiy a di'Ntdatc wafsti-. 'i'ln- harriiT of an ohl-M'tl led and well-
oi^aiii/i'd ronimunity, wlii< li, inohably lor i''nturics, liad ki-pt Aiinricas northern hat-
Itariaiis in chi'ik, was removed; and llie lieree llnnin-inKjunis Kloeji ran<4'ed at will over
the eastern regions of the eoiitineiit, far M>uth\var»l of Iho Korth Carolina river-valleys,
where the Nottowayn ami Tuscaroras fouml a now honn-. As to the Notloways, they
appear to have [lassed mit of all renieniheraiiro as an Inxjuois trihe; yet it is snggestive
of a long-forgot hen ehupier of Indian history, tliat tiie name is still in use among the
northern Algonkins as ihu ilosignation of tlm whoh) Iroipiois stock. The Nottawa-saga
is, doubtless, a nienioriul of their i)resence on the Georgian Hay; and tlie Notaway
(Aitlif/iiliire) Kiver whieh fulls into Ihidson Day ut James Hay, is so named in memory of
lIuron-lro(|noi8 wanderers into that Algonkin region.
►Some jxinioii of the ancient Huron slock tarried on the hanks of tiie St J.awrence, in
what is known to us now as tlie traditional cradle-land of those Caiuulian ahurigines.
Others found their way down tin' Hudson, or selected new homes for themselves on the
rivers and lakes that lay to the west, till they reached the shores of Lake Erie ; and all that
is now the i>o[>ulous region of Western New York was in occupation of the Iroquois ra( e.
Feuds broke out between them and the parent stock in the valley of the St. Lawremc.
Tht
y
me
ted out to them the same destruction as to strangers; and the surviv
ors, altaii-
doniiig their ancient home, lied vvestward in search of settlements beyond their
reach. The Cleorgian Day lay remote from the territory ol' i he Iroquois, but liie nations
of the Wyandot stock sprc ' beyond it, until the ^liagara peninsula andtln- fertile regions
between Lake ILiioii and Jji.l'e Erie were occupied liy them, and the Niagara river alone
ki'pt apart what were now hostile tribes. Hut wherever wi' are al)le to apply the test of
linguistic evitleiici' their allinities are placed beyond dispute. (>n the otln'r hand, the
mu
Itiplicalioii of dialects, and their development into separate Jangmiges, are no h
apparent, and in many ways lu'lp to throw light on the histi>ry of the race.
The old Huron mother-tongue still partially preserves the lal)ials which have disap-
peared from all the Irocpiois languages. The Mohawk api)roaches nearest to this, and
appears to be the main stem from whence the other languages of the Six Nations liave
branclied oil", lint the diversities in speech of the various members of the ion l'e<le racy
loave no room to doubt the pndonged isolation of the several tril>es, or " nations," l)el
ore
they were induced to recognize the claims of consanguinity, and tol)ainl together for their
common inierest. Some of the diversities of tongue, specially noteworthy, have already
been pointed out, such as the >• sound which predoniinales in the Mohawk, whih^ the/
takes its place in tiie Oneida. In the Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca, ihey are no longer
heard. The last of these reduces the i>rimary I'ornis to the narrowest range; but i)eyoiid,
to the westward, the old Erics dwelt, speaking it may be presumed, a modilied Seneca
dialect, but of which unforlunately no record siirvises. As lo the Tu.scaroras and the
Nottoways, if wo knew nothing of their history, their languages would sulllci" to tell that
they had been longest and most vvidely separated from the parent slock.
Soc. It., ISM. 11.
1
I I
I
106
1>AMKI, WILSOV (1\ Tiri' lirRON-HfOiaiOIS.
li )> not uiil.,.„| i„(„,v>l („ nnl,. in , oMrlusi,,,, (l>at tli.- mail, l.odv (.111.,, ivpn-sonl-v-
iivos of tlio ivaiums of th.. n.uin.l Inui-iois L,..-.,.., sprung- Irom f ho nur...i-lr,„iuoi. «t..rk
ol oiKstorn CiUKuln.-MlIrr M.jouniino- i;.r.v..luri,.s l„.y..u<l ihv St. LaAvv.-nr,., unlil iho fradi-
tions ol tluMr origin ha.l ia,],.! out ol' uu.nory, or giv..,, p],,,. ,o mythic- loo-ends of
autorhtlu.n... origi„,-has roturuoj to Canadian soil, M ("auo-hnawaga, St. Roffis Oku
and on tuo ]{ivor St. Charlo.. in tho provin.v o^.^u.ln... ; at Andordon, tlu^Bay ofQuinto'
and al.ovo all. op tl,o (Irand Kivor, in Ontario; tlu Iluron-Iro.juoi.. aro now sottlod to tho
munl.orol upwanls of s.nnn. ^vitl.o;.i ro, kon.nu- oil,..- ,rih,..s. Ji; i.ulood, (ho ^uvivinff
ivpr..ontatm.sor,h,.Al.ori.inosiu iho old provMnvs of (ho Dominion aro (akon as a
wholo, ,.,- muul.r up™ls of 34....)... apart IVo.n tho nuu.y thousands in Manitoba.
Bulisli ( ohnulMa, and Iho Isor.lnvos! T.rritorios. But tho nomad Indians of tho North-
W(..i mu>t U ,.la.s,.d wholly apart iVoni (ho sotilors on tho Urand IJivr rosorvos Tho
a( or ar,. a h.d.ly .ut.lH.vnt. . ivilix.d p.oplo.moro and moro adapting tlu.nsolvo. tc tho
halM s ol tho .stranuvr nnmi.ranis who havo supplantod (horn ; and aro do.s(inod as oor-
tain y o morgo n,(o (ho prodonunant racv. as (ho wa(ors of thoir anoiont lakos mingh: and
are lost n. tho (van. lot (ho prooos. Is no long.r ono of oxtinotion. hut of absorption ■
wl! ;■''.:;"!"">■ ^;:;"' --l;"-'^ *■-'- of tho Amorioan autochthonos, similar to thoso
wu.h .snd, u. (ho Molanoohro, of Europo, porpetuate .some othuical memorial of it«
alloj)iiy]ian racos.
rcpn'soiilrt-
([Uois Ktoik
ililio tradi-
It'gonds of
it'gis, Oka,
' oCQuinti',
Hlod to Uic
Miviviiig
takon as a
Maiiiloba,
the Norlh-
rvcs. Tho
Ivc- tc tll<'
lU'd as rt'v-
iiiiiglc and
bsorptioii ;
ir to thoso
rial of its
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