.0 *<«.^, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) k // IX) I I.I 1.25 ISiMU |25 2.0 lit IS, u 140 m 1.4 — 6' "^ '/] /. Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) S72-4503 ■£' ;{v qv ^ 6^ ^ ^^<^ r/i CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHIVI/iCMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiquas ^ Tachnical and Bibliographic Notaa/Notaa tacliniquat at bibliographiquaa Thae tothi Tha Inatituta haa attamptad to obtain tha baat originai copy avaiiabia for filming. Faaturaa of thia copy which may ba bibllographically '^inlqua, which may aKar any of tha imagaa In tha raproduction. or which may aigniflcantly changa tha uaual mathod of filming, ara chackad balow. D D D D D Colourad covara/ Couvartura da coulaur r~n Covara damagad/ Couvartura andommagAa Covara raatorad and/or laminatad/ Couvartura raataurAa at/ou pailiculAa □ Covar titii) miaaing/ La titrc da couvartura manqua I I Colourad mapa/ Cartaa gAographiquaa an coulaur □ Colourad ink (i.a. othar than blua or black)/ Encra da coulaur (i.a. autra qua blaua ou noira) I I Colourad plataa and/or llluatrationa/ D Planchca at/ou llluatrationa an coulaur Bound with othar matarial/ RailA avac d'autraa documanta Tight binding may cauaa ahadowa or diatortion along intarior margin/ La reliura aarrie paut causar da I'ombra ou da la diatortion la Iftng da la marga IntAriaura Blank laavaa addad during raatoratlon may appaar within tha taxt. Whanavar poaaibia, thaaa hava baan omittad from filming/ II aa paut qua cartainat pagaa blanchaa ajouttea lora d'una raatauration apparaiaaant dana la taxta, maia, ioraqua cala Atait poaaibia, caa pagaa n'ont paa 6H filmiaa. Additional commanta:/ Commantulraa aupplAmantairaa; L'Inatitut a microf ilm4 la maillaur axamplaira qu'il lui a 4t4 poaalblo da aa procurar. Laa ditaiia da cat axamplaira qui aont paut-Atra uniquaa du point da vua bibliographiqua. qui pauvant modlfiar una imaga raproduita, ou qui pauvant axigar una modification dana la mithoda normala da filmaga aont indiquAa ci-daaaoua. r~n Colourad pagaa/ D Pagaa da coulaur Pagaa damagad/ Pagaa andommagAaa Pagaa raatorad and/oi Pagaa raataur^aa at/ou palliculAaa Pagaa diacolourad, atainad or foxat Pagaa dAcoioriaa, tachat^aa ou piquAaa Pagaa datachad/ Pagaa ditachAaa Showthroughy Tranaparanca Quality of prir Quaiit* in^gala da I'impraaaion Includaa aupplamantary matarii Comprand du material aupplAmantaira Only adition avaiiabia/ Saule Mition diaponibia r~1 Pagaa damagad/ j~n Pagaa raatorad and/or laminatad/ r~7| Pagaa diacolourad, atainad or foxad/ r~r| Pagaa datachad/ r^ Showthrough/ |~n Quality of print variaa/ n~| Includaa aupplamantary matarial/ r~~| Only adition avaiiabia/ Thaii poaail of thi fiimin Origir bagin tha la aion, othar firat r aion, or illu Thali ahall ( TINUI whicr IMapa diffari antirf bagin right raquii math( Pagaa wholly or partially obacurad by errata alipa, tiaauaa, ate, hava baan rafilmad to anaura tha baat poai ibia imaga/ Laa pagaa totalamant ou partiallamant obacurciaa par un fauillat d'arrata. una palura. ate. ont AtA filmAat A nouvaau da fapon k obtanir la maillaura Imaga poaaibia. Thia itam is filmad at tha raductlon ratio chackad balow/ Ca document est filmA au taux de reduction indiquA ci-deaaous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X V 12X 16X 20X a4X 28X 32X Th« copy filmed her* has b««n r«produc«d thanks to tha ganarosity of: Library, G«ologieai Surviy of Canada L'axamplaira film* fut raproduit grAca 6 la gAnArositi da: BibliothAqua, CommiNion Qfologiqua du Canada Tha imagas appaaring hara ara tha bast quality possibia considaring tha condition and lagibility of tha original copy and in Itaaping with tha filming contract spacifications. Original copias in printad papar covars ara filmad beginning with tha front covar and anding on tha last paga with a printad or illustratad impras- sion, or tha bacli covar whan appropriate. All othar original copias ara filmad beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and anding on the last page with a printed or illustratad Impression. Les images suivantas ont M raproduites avac la plus grand soin, compte tenu da la condition at da la nattatA da I'axempiaira film*, et an conformity avac las conditions du contrat da filmaga. Les exemplairas originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprimte sont filmAs an commenpant par la premier plat at an terminant soic par la darn-Are paga qui comporte una emprainte d'Intprassion ou d'illustration. soit par la second plat, salon la cas. Tous las autras exemplairas originaux sont filmAs an comman9ant par la premlAre paga qui comporte una emprainte d'imprassion ou d'illustraticn et en terminant par la derniAre paga qui comporte una telle empreinte. The laat recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol — *• (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Un dea symboies suivants apparattra sur la darnlAre image de cheque microfiche, salon la cas: la symbols -^ signlfie "A SUIVRE", le symbols V signlfie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent dtre film6s A des taux de rMuction diff^rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul clichA. il est film* d partir da I'angle supirieur gauche, de gauche d droite. et de haut en bas, lan prenant le nombre d'images nicessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrant la m6thode. 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 Si: ..r H„r...... "..I "i.lu.ul », ,.,l.....us ,vM,Us, u,.u ,„.,,.,».. ...gl,,„.,. ,;." ,.„. „„.4 , lu,n„ ,..ris„. ,„...» ..f ,!,.■ Au,..,i. «„ .i^i"- -!„. W u,.|-«.s. ,,....,■..,„ , i , „.u „»,ii,i..„s, „. 1 f camuii-. ""■-- •• ""'I "'''•''' - ■""■ ";'i>;":'»"'.i'™"-'' "' ;:!,„;„„;;„ .',.: l . i.,i,„> .-., ., u,i ....,>i,i.nui » i- -""> •"•■ '■■"""'■■'' """•■ ' 1' w:;:'t.,„,v »,„.„„„.... n,.. n.„s„„i„.» ..y .i„. 1. 1 ...v.. ,...„ 1...1 .« ;";;•;;-!:;;; „,„ ,|„„„..|,.H,l 11,.. «-l,..l.. N..v,l, .\",.'".»" ■""*'"•■<"■ "■"'■'""■ A,v,„...,vl,.., ,l,..M..x„,u u ;„,. iu,> 1 ,v...v..,.-.i ..r .1,.. iuvv,.."» ■■— ">""- "■- I ;•■'>• I"" - '^ . . . • , ii,., •• I'li.iiictlu'us o .liSiivlus. Imt all a\iiii- E;£H'E=H£:;"!::,:l,:-;:f:;t — th.« \\lu.l. .11. .1.1 I .,!• ,],..;, .101,.' n.-ii. ..Kill.' lulini-thr manu.'Mtan ,,„„M„.^ a,ul ":„nu. H,!-. '^^I' ' - , U. .>....r,„...l ul.-:, ..r .I,-- •■•l»"-l """■"""">■ „„« II,.. 1,... u„u„i,„-,i f.-s'ii. ^" ^""' „,„,, „„ir„,„, .,,.1 as amoim- Uioso \vh<. liad t.i< UHK ^' •' " i„.lu..ii(m ..l' ih-- author of •('vania ,.s...l. Ii-as.h..u..s.iuu«or.,untana..onn.n0.nsn . ,^,^^_^ ^^^^^^^^^^,^ .s tlu. IVuit of his .■onsr,..n ...... n- . n a, ^ Anu.n..ana.- as .W .,•.... o - -- -- ■;.,:,; ^,, ,,,.,„,,.. ,„. ,.ss u..h..sita,i..,ly or '• l„ai.4.'.,ous Ka.vs .. th.. harlh an I . .^.^,,^ ,.^„.,, „„,.,„, „ul .no.!.,... ov.r afllvm.'.! that • icU'i.ti.al .hamcl.rs luM-vadoall th. Am. ;Wi DANii'i, WILSON (i\ 'I'lii; iiii.'ov ii;()<,»r()is ok / \ ' I the W hull' t nlllilli'lll. Ill llll> lll.\ WiTf Ml-I;lilli(l \>\ ill'' ll iu:ll ilUl liolit \ nl' A liUssi/, \V Iio, a It IT iiisi iis>iiiL:' in lii» ' I'ldvinrcv ol ili.' Animal World, ami lln-ir relation loTv m'Nuj' Man," ilif la II 11 :i 1 MM I liar Id i lie \iii.ri.aii rdiiiiiKiit iiinl imiiii iiii; lial llial liViului llnll.>. W lini lls I \\ in < nllllllelllr. ale eon I paled \\ it ll llnoe uT (lie ea^lelll lieUli.>.|tlle|e. ihll* Mllllllieil ll|) llh' lev|||l ,,[ \\\- 1 li \ e>t li^al lolls : Willi lliese lael.s iM'jore US. we iiiav exjieii liiai lliep' .".Imulil 1" 11" uieai du ei>iiy anions I lie irilie-. of mail iiilialtil- iii.: iliis 1 oiiiiiieiii ; and indeed llieinnvi e\iiiiNi\ ,• in\ e-ii._i;il ion ol llieir peiuliai ilies liax leii |lr Morion in eon^ider ili'in a> • lOi-iii iiiiiiL; I'lil a ^iii'jle rare. iVom ih.' c ontin.'^ nl tli-' l']sijiiiniaii\ oiii||.iiiiiioN| , xlr«>iiil \ ol i li nl iiieiil. I>ul. al the same lime. it should lie reiiieiiiltered thai. Ill aei ordaiiee will) ihe /ocdoiiieal I'liaraitir ol llie whole realm. I lii^ raee i> diviiled nilo an inliiiile iiumhei i.T .•.mall Irihes, presi'iiliiitj: more or h'ss dillei'in. " one JVom aiioiliev.' li was natural nud reasoi' .Me that the men of the .six- leeiiili i.iitnry should helieve III Calihan^. or l!w aipaiioma. " ilie A iilhroixiidiaui. and men w hos,. 1, ji'N do L^rnw It. Ilea ill their shouldei'> ' Anii'rii a was in t hem. in the mo.sl liti'ral sense. :inoih''r wiiiid and ii was easier lor tlein t.i think of ii as |(eo|ded with sueh iiionsiio>iiir^. 1 hail wiili human liein'js '•' iiiir.solv''> Hiu it is eiiriims to note in this HilH'ti'i'lllh eellMll\ ihe lillLleri lliT t raeev i' iji.. nhl s.'lltimeiil . aild to see men of seieuee siill lindiiiLi it dilii.uli in iiiiaiicipat.' ih.i. -Ives l.nm the idea that this eoiitineiil is so e--.iiiiall\ aiinihrr wnrjd, that it js in.oi, ivaMe t,. th,iii ihal the raees hv whieh it is peopled >hould iirar any alliiiiiy to iliem> Ives or to oilier^ oj ih.' old world. Ainerieaii eihno|ni>isis Iniiii- eliiiii;' to the idea I'T an e>>e iiial!\ di.siiiiri iudiiieiious raee; and Itr. Xotl, Pr. M. iof-. and oiher in\e-ii;:atn!> wehmn- <1 e\ ery > oiilirniaiion of the view ol' l)r Morton ■'- to til riipaimn of the whole Aiiierie;,ii loniiient l.\ one pe. uliar l\p<' from wliieli alniie ih,. |>kiiiin wi'ii' to he r\e,|i|,.(|. a> all imiiuirraiii element, po'^^ildv a' illi^eiiiou^ >,»'. Illation- of nm- dlslin'..;uisl|ed >lii(h'nl of seieuee, -of l-i'lllotesl l-iirnp.aii aiiiiipntx. ri'o|e-.>nr Iluxlev in an adihev- |.. ih,. I'lthiioloirieal Soej.'iy in ls,;:i. Mi--esi> h\|ioihetieallv. th'il th" nl,l M.'xi.an and .^ouih Aiiierieaii raees represent ihr true .\m.-ne;ni ,-io. k : and that ih.' h'.'.l Imliaii- oj \nrili \iiieriea mav lie the prodiiet ofaii nii.'rmixmr.' of ihe indmeiinu> naii\(' ra^ e w it h i he llski It i- iiotic .'alile. at any vale, thai iie.iily all w'ileis. ho w e \ er w id'l y dllleriie^ nil other points. f(dlow lliimholdt 111 elas>inii- the I'.-kimn apart as a disiinri i\|„. j|,. ivniarks in his |irefaee lo his •• Amerieall lo— ar. h,-..' that -ex.. pi tllos.. whirh holder the pnlar eirele, the lialiolls of Am.ii. a Iniiu a Hii-h' ri.e . hara' len/ed hv the jormation of ihe skull, the eolniir of the skin, ihe exiiviii,. i|,i!in.'>- nf ll,.' heard, and lie' virai-hl. -•lns>\ hair,'' Some of the ehara.- '••ri-ir- .Ini- noted ar.- iiiidniihie.liv w id. I\ pie\ al.'iii : l.ui i li.' head-l'oriii, or - lormaiion ol ih.' -kiill ■ i- 111., inns! •iii|>nriaiit and a , aiejul .mni-arison of the skulls of dili'ereiit I'll..'- ha> loi,M Mil. e modilied the npjninn . \pr...s,.,l h\ 111,, .ji.al IniwUer and reasserted h\ di-liii'jiiished \m.ri. Ill eilnmlnMivis '" i''ilil\- \\"i'' ill" iM'i'al l.'.'itiiie mn.i niM-i.d nii a- miix.'rsal a- il wasas.-iinied '" '"' " ^^■""''' lii'iii-h III.' -iinii-.-i ar.jiini.'iil j'..r . lasMl'yin- the pi,.dominaiit Asiatie ■""^ ^""•'■' 'M'"- ■'- Ml ill'' points app.al.'.l t,, Mi.j.jest allinil\ to ih'' .\siati.' ^'""-"' ''"' '"'lii- 111" <'Miia'li.in r.'i'". In whi'h att''nti'>n is li-re spi..iallv din'-ted. pi'S'iils a snikiie^ .x. 'ptiniu aii'l it is d'',M'r\ in- "f not i,'. ijial t he d()lieli(.''<'phali.' head- T.\|«'S .,f Miiiikiii.l. |). LM'l • ANAMA. A TVlMi'Ai. l£A( K ol' AMKIIK AN A iJOK'Kil.N'KS. .17 lorin is Mill iiiil\ I liiii.i. iiri>iii pi-v ;iliiil in nilnis ol llif iiKitlnTM iiilnv It'i uLiiii/iiii: :i i(>ir<'>i>nii(li'iiri', in llii.- ;iiiil oilni- ii'si>i'( !•<, I)ri\\..n till' Al'ji'Mkin- iiu. ulia Innu' : 'Tli.' irils, and moral and inli-llf. tnal pow .'vs of ill.' s(.-iiill.'tl J{.'d iia.c ar.' . lii.'lly r.mnti.'d." ( M' llic i'orni.'r, Mr I'arkinaii \\lii> lias .sindi.'d lli.'ir lali-r liislory willilli.- iiiinnl.'sl .ar.'. savs ; ' '11 liiis r.'iiiarkaM.' ianiil) '>!' trilt.'s oriiir ill.' I'lilL'^l d.'\ .Liinncnls of Indian .liara.t.'r, and lln' nio>i .(inspj. uoiis t'Xainpli's ol' Indian iiii.'lli>_rcnic If ili.' hi'jlu'r traits i)oi>ularly asirihcd l.i lli.' ra..' ar.' )i.>l \n Ih' I'lniml li-r.', ih.'V ar.- lo l..- rmiiid nowli.'r.'. ' ' Till' Ir.KpKiis w.r.'an important Itrajuli ul' ih.' u'ri'al sto.k wlii.li iinludi'd also llir lluroiis. or Wyandi.ls, ih.' naliv.' liisluri.al ra.i' of Canada. Hut dividi'd as ih.- two wiri' Ihroimlnmt ili.' \vli.>l.' p.ri.id u| l^'riii. li Canadian Iji.story by tin- liittrnst aniasronism. it is ronvi'ui.'iil lo -p.ak of tli.'iii und.'r lli.- .■.•nipinind ti-rm nl' Ifiiron-lnxpiois ; and Id lli.' spi'.'iai liislory .'i'lliis mdi'^.'ii.iUs .-i... k. with lii.' uiori' 'ji'iii'ral suiiu'.'slions promplr.'. iiliar rliara.t.'risti.> as a lypiral ran' nf Anii-rican al).iriiiini's. alti'iilinii is li.r.' rlii.'lly dii'.'. t.'d In d.>iiiL:' s.i it is d.'siraltlr iml niily In not.' tlo' pli\ sj.al u'.'orIaiii lailnr in tin- rvolulinii ol' w liair\.'r »nay s.-i'in ti> In- inTuliar in tln' ahoriii'iiirs ol' North .Vnirri.a. '111.' I'll'.'. Is ri'snliiii'j I'rnm lli.' pliysi.'al I'l-aturi-s of a .oiinlrv. on tin' di'Vi'lo|imi'nl and j(no'i-rL!ati<>n. ..r int. 'rill- iidiiiL:'. ol' its ra.i's .an nowln'rc hi' wisi'ly o\ rrlook.'d. Mv.'ii wiih- iii 111.' narrow liiiiils ..f ih.' I!riii-h Inlands ilir inllui'ii.i's of mountain and low lands, ol' the I'l'rtil.' sir.'li hi's ol' K.nl and 1 In- vall.y of iho Tham.'s, tin' I'l'iis of Lin. dlnsliir.'. ih.' moorlands ol N.irtlininhria. and lli.- Wi'lsli andS.'otiish Iliu'hlands, ha\ .■ larii'.'ly .ontrihiiti'd to till' .'iidiiran..'. if ii.it in som.- di-iir.'.' to tin- (h-vclopmcnl, ol' I'thni.al dislin. lions ; as th.'V ha\.' iiij.l.iuhi.'dly h.'.n ili.- .hi. 'I' .s.nir.c not only of thr p.'rp.'tualioii. hui of liic iniiltipli. alimi o|' ils hi-lorv dill'i'rs from thai of ili.' .■oiiiin.'iil ai laru'.'. it ati'oids Willi siiih pliysiral .oiiditions. Throimhoiii ih.- whol.' hislori.' ii.'iio.l, as douhl- li'Hs in pji'liisiori.' lini.'s. ill.' L^r.'ai iliain of inounlains ri'a.'hinii' from tlu' wi'si.tii spur of till' I'vii'iii-'s to ilii' lialkaiis has iiillui'in'i'd l"]urop.'an pi'oi>'ri'ss ; wliih' llu' . hi.f iiavi- •jahl.' riv. 1. I h.' Ilaiiiili.'. ira\ .'rsinu' llir roiiliiU'iil llir(»uiih oiir uiiil'onii l.'iup.'ial.' /on.', has I. '11 1 1< 'I I si ill full Inr lo I li.' p.'rp.'tualioii of ciTtain disliii(li\ I' I'llmi.al ihara.ti'ristirs in ci'iilral and souih.rn I'luropi". In all ils most imjtorlaiit a'l'ograplii.al fratuii's, ilu' I 111' .Irsiiit.M ill N'Mrlli .\iiirii< a, p. I;; S.'.'. If., 18.>M. H. i n8 i.\\ii I. \vii,>«)N ON riii: iiii;«»\ ii: ov I li,.|-lll.iii ...iiliii.'iil ..r \!ii-vi.:i |M.-'iii> :i "-liikiii'J ...iili.iM I.' Ilii- \:i i-.^,,!.-. Ill- ailirlr Willi ils l.;l>.' Wlllllll ;ll'' \ivll. ni, I,. II l;i|M.|.s I.. :, ll;.ll..\\ l^ll.lllll- ln\\MI.|> ill.' ,.,|„.,|,,| ll> ;>iv;il IllollllLlIM ili:illl lUil-ll.'Ill I IiIum.UIIi, .ill. I III l|.;i I pi . • \ I 111 1 1 \ I.. il,,. i'„ ,ii, .-..iiM , aii.l II- . 111.! ii.i\i'j:il.l.' n\.i-. iiMiii; w I Ml I II ..III ..\\ iiCiiii.i.lhiii 1».. mill inn. ami IV .u I Mi: ii- ii- 1 1 iImiimils miIi.i ii\.t> «li:iiiiiiin \ :i.«.i ivui..iin,.ii nlli.r li:iii t'l l.ililinl.' li.'li.lV 11 iva.llrs ill. (lull .'I M.M..' AllMlll.T r:i!ii!f ol lii'jlilaii.N ;i-'> i.'uai.js lli.' Alliiiili' mi.-K.kikI. ami l.-iiii- ll a»|.i ii I'.nimlai y .'I tlf Liivat iiil.ll.T l-lalii I'.iil ill' All.'i:!ialil.- or \|«i'ala liiaii >\>l.lii ..l imiiiiilalli-., llmli-jli lll.>\ liia\ I..' >a!ii 1" .•M.'ll.l ll.'lii ill.' >l Law I'll' . l'< ill'' M'M' all (illll II-.' ..Ill \ a I a j.'W jMlllI-. a> 111 ill'' Willi.' M..illilalii> '.r N.'W llaiiip-lili. \<< aiis ^ival -L'X .,1 luii. Tlicy r..riii lalli.T a 1..IIL;- I'lai.'aii. ml. i>.'. i'' - . ;iii'l >" ir> lli.' Iaml>.ai..'. Willi. ml . (iii>iiiiiiiii'j -iroiiiih tl'liii.'il liai rii'r> a w Imli', lli.' ,,,ii Ill .■! N..iili Aiii"!!' a. .a-iwai.l lioiii ill'' Iv'.'lv) M .ilii I ai ii-. iiia\ 1..' .1.'-' I iL.'d as a l.\.', '".'a. -■> .»ii'jlilU iii'.'lili-'.l \>\ :iii\ .'l.'val.'.l i'"ii"ii- I lii.-ii'j li..iil ll- w li"l.' cxl "Ml , IVoiii ill' Ai'ii. 1 in 1" i.. ill'' liiill "I M' \i ■.'. a- i"i i«r.'-«'iii ii" imi'.'ilim.'iii to ihc \\ aiiili'i'iiiu-N ,,|' iiuiiiaili. ml"- ll 1- L... :1a. .'.! Willi I'u.'i-. all. I ili\ .'i-ilii'tl i'\ .'r\ w luTc w nil iaki's, alik.' a\ lilal'l.' I.ii' iia\ i'jaii'iii ainl :..r Ji-liim: . aii.l. uiiiil ili' iiiiiii>i(m .-I iliiruii.'aii imiiii- .jiaiii- i;- l<'i''-l> ami i>i;iiM.'- alu .iiii.l'.l Willi 'jam.' In in .'\. .-- .i| ill.' wauls nl ||> l„i|Milaii..ii Mv i'r\ iIiiiil: lim- l.'ml.'l\ tlr.w l.. a . l.' uikI.t iIh' iiitln.'ii. .' .'I liiir.>|..'aii iii-iii iilioiis an iiiti-i'.'.-.iiii:' lo mil.', llial ill. >aiii.' ali-'ii '"I aiiv w .11 d. 'lim "I L!''i"j'ia|iliii al limilal i..ii- nl' ar. a. wlii.li Ii'IkIciI |i> |i.'i|i.'i Hal.' I ll'' ii'iiiia.li' lialiil> .'I ill'' .>>a\a2>' liii- anl'.l III . .>ii-i'l nlal iiiLi' iIm' '_!icat I'lUi- t'. il.'ia' \ I'l ill. I nii'il Slal.'-. ami maiiilaiiiiiiL: an .iliiii.al an. I |>.iliii'al . onlurmii v i!i:..ii'jli..iii ill'' N.'iili Am.'ii.aii . ..HI iii.'iii in -iiikiii'.' ..niiia-l lo lli.' ili\ .i-il if- in ra.'c ,,ii' . .'iilli in i li.- i.l.a l lial ili.' \ all.'V '>! I Ih' Si I.' a|'|>i'al.' . oiili'd.Ta.y in 1 'i:.'ii.laiy la.-lii.'ii . laim.'.l lli.-ir I'liili lifin i li.' -..il .-oinli .>! lli.' iin-al ri viT \V lini lln- i'"r«'ii' ll .'NpLii'Ts iiml'T ill.' I.'ail.'i-liiii .'I Ja. (|ii"- < 'ail lt lir.-l >'iil.'i'.''- imw ni-i'iiiiird l.\ ill. "11 1.'- ..rnii.'li'. am! M'.iiir. al a [.. .piilai i..ii ai.|..ir. nl l\ ..I i li.' II iii"ii-lr. ..jmii> .-lock ; ami. Ill -"lai- ,1- !.'li,iii. .' iiiav ll.' pki' .'.I "II I li''ir I ia.liii..n-.( 'ana.la wa- ill. II |.. ij.nl..ii> I linniuli- I'l 1 1 III'- \\ ii'.l'' \ all.'V I.I ill. Si Law I'. II. .' w nil imln-i ri'.ii- iiai i\ .• in I).'-, i In' ri'|>ri'M'iilalivi'.'< I. la iM' '■ iliai li.iil ... . ii|.i.'.l ill. -aiii'' I''l:I"Ii Im iiii n iinili.r.'.l . .'iil iirii .-. ■S.'iiii' liimil'iil lal'- ..l i. -Uii.i iial III ll ..ri'jiii rr..iii i!i.' Inaii i.la iii.>uiiiain . ol'a iiiii^'ral inn In ill'' I'a.stcni s''a-l>.ia!'l . ami "I a -ul.-''i jii''iii i.iiiin 1.. ill.' ...iiiiirv i.l ill.' lak.'- ami ri\.'is. wlirrc ili.\ llnall; -.iil.'.l. ' i.iiipri-.'. -a\- l'>i"w ii.'ll. iii..-i ihai i- iml i.i'al.l.' in 111.' iiativi' l.",iiliii..ii- .'I ill'' Six .Naiii'ii- i>i'i..i I" ill.' L'laml . "ii l.'.l.'ial i'.ii " I'.iil 111.' \alili' I'l -ll' !i I la. Ill I. dial \ I laii-iui — i.iii 'iT I'ali'.iial lii-l..i'\ aimiii'.' iiiil''ll.'r.'il Irilc.s lia.s ri'.ii\'.l i.'i'.-ai.'il . I'liliriiiali'iii , ami ili. in. i.l.'iiis "I iln-ir u\vu ram"U.>! loayilf, peTjn;- 'J hf li.'liall llil'i"' "1' NmiII, ^iii.l SmiiIIi AlJi.Ti. II. ],. L'V., iMllli;iI lllillllt iii>> ill till' Inulil imis III ilii' lrii(|iini>. nr ic^i'jiKiMi ii|.i.;iiviMly III il iiilirr liiiir III' 111., liri.riiili ..■iiiiiiN TI I.I. r .•v.iii ..T llir .,\,t. llll..\V ..f ill.. Alll.jrW i. Ill ill.. Olli.. \.,1|..V. ..! ulli.ll III. I. |... II. I. Ill l|i,.lili.,||;,l I i.l> ''■'^' ' '" li:iii«li'ral|i.iil|s \\\ 'I III III ^i"-'""!''!"" "I ill.' iMiliiniu ..I l.r.iual.ja i.r ih.. I!i.|.iar. li\ l.\ i'l^jliirt ..| \V..v>..x. i| iii.'iii.n.il.l.. >i,.,. Ill il,,. ri|vi,,|| ,,|- iiMiii.ii-" h.,i irr.alK iimr.. iiiitiiii'iaiit lial ilian iliiiNi> i| III.' Iiiiiii jll.il- lia..'l|.., lililil lj|..i|. ili\isj.i||> III >| 1 1 all. I |...lil\ \vi.|i' I'llai I'll III ll Ilia! iii'i'jiii li'iiiii |||i> "llill\ III ihr I'Ji'jIinIi j.,...|.|,. \> 1., ll,.. Ian. il'iil lali' nl a ■.ii|,..i'iial '"•■I" "I " I lam.' II 1^ viii,|,ly a lll.'ial |-..||il..|-i ii'i ..I' ll |.| (i|....k lii.'ia | ili..|- ..I' ll aiili. Iillii.ii.'s, i.r . liildi'.ii i.l'ili,. -..il. >\ iiil.nl i/...| l,\ i li.- Al Iniiiaii^ Wi'aiiii'j' ill.' Liias-l ill llii'ir liair : ami i> li\ im iiii'aiis jm. uliar in ill" Irinjunis. Mi I Imai ... 1 |a|. .|..| i\ .il I |n|>|i.'l' M iimIi'I'i.ii'j, an '.|«l W \ all mni iiiniiil illli'l III.. ^I..l\. a> liari'al...| In liiiii \.\ lli.' IIiii.hi-. n| Lnr.lli'. Tl|..y l.mk liiin lir -aiil In a i nl.iin. ami slmuid liim il |i.iiin.j in ii- -nli- li'iMii w lii'ih i. ill.' |iin.j..iiiini V nl ill.' |i..(ii>|.' . iin .f^ . ., | \\ I : . . 11 ili'.v lir^i .am.. ..in ..| ili.. ^i'"iiii"l ' Til.' l:ii.. Iliir.iii < liirl raliniiri'inli.'. or l''iam ni-. \a\ iiT I'i. anl, ...miiiiiiii.ai.il I" '111' ill'' s:j||I.' li'.Ji'llliai'V ll'aillllnll nl |||,' j IH 1 i'j ..llnlls ( iI'Il: i 11 ol ll !> ] ii'ii| i|i' ; I ■ 1 1 i 11 •_'' 111.', tlinii'jli w nil a Mil ill', ilia I I In y > am.' uiil nl iIh' miL- ol' a imninlaiii li.i \v....|i (^•ii'li... ;imi llii. LIT. 'at v.a My iiiliiriiiaiit rniim'. l.'d lliisl'a.t willi nili.i' in. iili'iii-. all |.niiiiiii.^ i.. a lrailili.iii.il Kiji. I' I lial lli.' iinrili.'rn >linr.'s nl' tlir InwiT Si. l/i\vr..|i.'.' \\..r.' ili.. nri'^ina! li"iii'' I'I ill'' lari' : .111(1 111' >iinki. III.. .Main am i. 'Ill .'\.iil> in I In' lii^lm v ..I iii"- j jili- as liaviii"^- nr. iii'|..il win 11 ili..\ liv.il li.si.l.. I li.. I.i^ s..a. Tin' .'ai li..^l aiiilnnii.. ii'l.t'i'm .■ 1.1 ill is I railii inn n.-, iii'> m i li,. ■ l,'..l.,i i.nis " l.n jiioii, wlnT.' I'lLlMiir, aii.-r .1 In i.l' allusion ||' I 'ilaiii nl' ilnir nniLii. al smus ami daini's. sa\s: ' 'I'ln' m i'j in nf all mi. h ni\'>|.ri..s i-i assi;:ii..il l.y ilimi in a In.imj nl sii|...ilinnian sialiiii'. \'. Im was wniiml.'.l in ili.' rni'.'li..a.| liv tiiii' III ill.. ir miiinii. al lln'iini.. w Ii.'ii lli.'V liv.'il ii.'arili.' s.a Tin' ri'l'i'ii'ii. .. l.i a iiiiu'i'alion Irnni tin' s..;i-lM)ai(l nli\-iniisl\ |)nini» in nin. nl'ihns.. im i.l.nls in ilirlil.. nl iln mi linn \\ 111. ll inai'lM ll I'lir 1 In 'in an ..|i. m h lil\.' lli.' I l.'.^iia nl 1 Ip' Alalia Winn ( 'liain|ilaiii Inllnw.'il Cull. 'I- ii.'.'irh s.'V.'iiiv v.'ars lal.r li-' jniiml niily a r.'W M'j.nikins in lln'ir Mi'rli-liaik wi'jwani^, u Iht.' lln- |iali-ail.'\\ a\ s I mini- In till' liaki' Siii>.'i im' rciiinii ami I In' rniiiiiiy sir..|iliim^- i.iw aids Umisnu I'ay, as iln' am I'siial Innii.' nl iln' ..Mii'niikiii trilii's. ."^m ll inrniinai inn as ran iliiis h.' iil.'aiu'd Irnin niaii\ iiid.'|>.'ml.'iil sniir.i's. as lium till' sniii.'W lial ..iiilusid Vi'l iriisi \\ nl ihy nairalivi' ol llavid Ciisi. k. lln' Tiisranna liis- loi'iaii, and Irniii I'.t-r |).in\ .'iilal.'. ill.' Wyandot liisimiaii, all l.'ads i.. tji.. -aiiic coiirlusioii I'rniii iiiiinl.' aiid altoii'..] Inr iii'.-C.iliiiiiliiaii i-.'iil iiii.'s. iln' llniniis .iml ollnT alli.'il irilti.v tlir o.iiijianl.s in tin- sex rutt'i'iith and ciuliti'i'iilli .('111111 i.s nl' vaiiniis dciaclicd I'mtioiis ol ilic roiintry n(ntli of tlic Si I.awi'cm r and castwaKl nl iln> ( icnru'iaii IJay. a|i|M.ar lo lia\ c 1 11 in possosNioii nl' lln' w Imlc icii'ioii In wlii. li tlnir oldest. Iradiliniis imini.'d as llic ciiidli' ol tin' larr ; wliili' naiioiis ol ilic \lL;.'iikiii st,„ k lay licvoiid tlicin to lln' iiortli-\V('st i'lic i^icat livcr and tlic lakes from wlieii. e it llows int.i llie lower \all('\ roiiiied a wd l-d.'li lied s(niilii'iii l.oiimlaiy for aliiliaiii! iiilii^; leii ilie Hist Itnt.li ami I'lnuli-li .'Xploi't'i's (d' llie Iliidsoii. and ol' the I riK I of (oiinliy win. Ii now Magaziiio (jf Aiiiciiran llisldi-y, \..l. n., p. -IT'J. 1 1( ) I'AMI.I. \MI,>»>N <'.N llli; III 1{«>N |li.M,i| Ml- ur / I rfni>lihil<'^ ihf \Vl'^^l•nl |iitrl nl iIh* Sinii- <■! Ni \\ VciL IkiiikI iIh' ii\liii\\k>. nnrjdn.s ( »ll"ml.il_'':i* C.iX llt;:i» lillil •"•I'lli'i.is Tin l».' rulisllllll' >l ill'' llv ll.illolis .it till' l,i|||MM-> |i..i|U«>i- liMiiUi' I'liii ill.' Iliiinii'. .>| (■..iniihi. Willi wlii'iii tin \ v\ii'' l,.li.il\ :il iili"ii "T iln'ii :iii' fxi i.il lii-iii>' w lii'M <';iiii.i lir^i .Nploi.il ill.' Si l...\\ r.-ni f 'I'Ih- Killlh' VMi' Ii:hI >]'V.';ii1 liil I > ill.' •«.>II||i . :ilnlll- i . |il-.».||l.il I \ ■■* lliil.l;, ||.'>I L;'ritli|i>., Iniiy; , dill iiiii.'il 'ii |.. I |).'ni:il.' il> iiilliii'ih <• I'll.'*.' Ill' linl'il ill.' < nii.'«.ii(>j-.,N iir \ iiil,,»i.'>., i In. \||i|.i^l..'jM.'> I l|.' ( ',iriillloll;ill». ill.' ( 'll.'lollllLill- "'■ Ni.ll'.W ;i\ - ill'' Tll>. al'ollis. ,;tli| (illn'I'.N, iiihl'T \ '-iiii'ii- ihuii.'- Ii i» ii.ii ,'il'\ ;.\ » f.i-\ 111 I.'. .I'jiii/;.' ill"' -Mill' 1 1 ill mill. 'I il-" w iiji'ly (lls>llllil;il' (1. >l'^ll;il l.'ll« Tl.' Sl|»<|l|rlKilil|.>' k> "I ill'' l']n'^ll»ll :.lll,iiii'N ( 'aiainuiiali^ iii.i\ li,i\. I II ill' l'lii.'> liul.'t llii>».' iinl ..ili. I iiaiii"'* ill.- Iliii"ii-I r.>(|ii"iN ..1(1' Ii i'Xl"li'!''l In ill' 'I. mills "I ill'' Tll>' alola* III N"llli ( '.. 1..I111,. Sill! I..lllhr ^uiilli (iailalili -iiimi-'tl liiiiii l:ii'jiii»ll' .'\ nl-'lh >•. .1 . 1 .ii 11. ■ I i.'ii li'lw.'.ii lli'' ( 'li.| .iKc's ;iiii[ ill.' In.i|i|..i^ Till- tail Ml llaj.' Iia> |>1..' .il l>. \ ..ml il"ii I'l . iill 11. I ni.' liialliK 11 iifii-l 1 'H|I|i'In. U liil'- llh' \ u. all- Illal\ I* I" a ui'.'al ■•M.'lll |.>l.li.'li Ih' 1» I II' IiiU'iI I" I lllllk lll.il \\ ' illll^ 1 ■ 1 . .\ .'I 1 1 .1'-.'s (»|' a lii'djil.'. liil' >.iiilli III \laliai;ia ..ll'l ( I'lH l' M ill'' i|' -' •'mlalil - "I l'rilL;i'.'> el ill.' . i'iM|ii''n >l \ lli'ji'W 1. ,,'l..j.i.';l ml.. ..||.' ..| I h.' 11:. II. .11- "I ill. II I !"i|ii..|>i . .•ii(|iii'riir> I'' I' '111 "II" I ll'l .iii.il il. 1 .i| ill'- '.iitl\ iii'j ^.iiilli'i II >'ll>-li<>i>l-> "I ill. ' "1 1 1 III.. 1 1 vl.M k. a till i- ii"ii'« V. '" III. Ill'' lii'iii Mill'' III iiiii.' I'l i.'«i.>i.' ill.' iiiiiiili r^ III ill'' il'. iiiiat'il I iiii|iiiii.'>i. \Vi >i\\ aiil iif ill'' I Mill. -d. 'la' \ w.iv ill, ...linns ,,r ill'' I'ln.'^. :.ii .i||»||iii.i III ill'' S.ni'ia ll.ili'ill. "" ll|i\ lli'j I li'' ,>...lllli. 1 11 ^li.ili' III ill' '_'i.,l l.ik' \\lil li j.'i jii'l ll;;|.'> ill. II li.ilili' liiiiii'iii.'i -K 111 ilii' ii"i I 11 111 I III' Ml i.'> w II Inn 1 li.' ( ■,iii,,i|i'iii I ion 1 1 1 1 Ih Ai 1 i\\ . ml,: ii.iik>, '" N''iil.'i'>, III ' n|i|i'il ill.' i>i iiiii»iila III N i,.'j,.i.. w liil' I,,.' Til. Ill, I''- m ri'liin- i.ml ulln'i' ii'ili.^ Ill ill. ■«iinii' *tiirk w I'l' -' iil.'il III ill" Il ml'' i. "j|..ii L.-iw r. n L.>k.'> liri'' ami IIiiimii III 171 I ill'' Tu«i-Mi.iii.' , ,'iiiiii\ ill,' w^.-i,' (il war mail.' lll'lii I'.ailv 111 Will i.lii • ;il|\ ai|i||l|ii||v I', ih.'ir liiiiiil, TV Mill I II" Til I I'll I''- all 1 1 \all- ti'i'ki'- li'iili apjiari'iiily Alijuiikin liiini-li'il lii'-li ..1 ,,'->], .n- i" ili. iliiiiiiii>li.'i| iiiiiiilii'i'> "I 'I III. il. lai \. lull w it III, III laklllL! llnll ;i|a '' ..- .liMllii I li..li"ii- I'llH III ,11 ill.' li.,ll,,li> i,r ih,. >|,, I, iliil'. \\ i.|,l\ -|ii',-;,,| W.'MW :,!'.! :,l|i| -. ,lll 11 W.l'. 1 . ill.- "'"""' '1' ''" llall\" lil-l.il'|. .<1 1... I' (lie, 11;,, I:, iiill|iiat,'l\ |i Ini I i liii I Willi ill nl.'llls . if its '■="■'} -' 111 lii'lll. : ml .'1 tVl.llijIy llll'l'i nlU-i' Willi /,,/ Snnnll. r,:i,ir, Tllril' la llli lia'J'i' is iiiiw- ii'i .'.Jill/' .1 ,is ih.. ,.1.1.-1 Id, III dfili,. . iiniiiiiiii •.]><■.; Il ,,| ill.. II,,, -li'ii(|Uni>. ami il i- imt 'I'lliial'l" ii. (■;.ii.',(li;in iiliili.l.i'jiM- ili;,i iis .j-,';miniar -nil Minain- iinv.'i.ri's.'nl"Iali.)ii ..I' ;• I.nin MS 1 ..miiil.'.l wiili inin li linlll-liy l.v a l.il-Md,i;,,'\ w|„. ha. I IJimi,,.] .,„|,,,,'j' ,|,.. Hn,,,,,. ..j l.di,!!,.. :i,,,| wlios.' '•iiH'iiMiimi- wmk wa- Imiml aiii,.i,MM ,1,,, ,,:,,„.,.. dill,.' mi-Mdii. I'mi 11 i- iln' |.nHlii.lim, ' All i,;i..|,,i'i.i \iii,',i.':mf,, ■,,,!. ii |,. i;;. Iii'liaii Mi'.'r.'it;,,,,... |,. 17. 11^ (•.\N,\I>\. ,\ IM'K'M, KACi: (.r .\Mi;i{li\N .\l!Ml!l>I iIh Liiiiin- )ll;il|i ill >llll< llin- nr (»| lllr \ iltiil V irinl llrhllisx nl' till' 1 1 It Hill |ii|llil|.'. Til'' l.iii'jii.i'jfs t>r (liiiln I . v|Milv. M li\ iii.iiiv ii.,ii\i IihIi.iii liili-* li.,\. iiii.|..ul.i.(|lv |irHx||<'i| Willi iIk' I;i<>'s |>i v\|||. || |||.\ | m'I t ,11 II<' >-lill ''xi*! 111'^. ii'il (iiiU III wiiltiji Imiiii. lull .IV lixiiiv imrj Ill's. ..Il'uil \ ..hi.lili' iii.ili'i'iliN lui i'tliiii<;il v|ni|\. Till' lii^iMi'v nriitlii'i IimImii tiili - jliiiinhiiii K iiiiiiiuit> Im' llli' llllllll|ili< illimi >>l ;i lillnuli' ! hill'j ll:i'J|'v >■•> ^liirl. ll\ I l|;|i',.< III l^tir nl l||i' Allli'l'li illl rOlllllli'lll. Willi till' i'IhIIi'vs MlliiltV Islnlls , ,\ ||> I till fj I'l ii)||s | ii i| HI ||, t |i ill |||t |>i'lt\ t I ill '* ki'pl .i|';irl li\ Mili'l Illl nil' l.'iul- Til. iiilinli I III ll..||\i' \ liiil h ; it l:ill'.' ll^.'j |v I'vl lllliiliil l>\ \ iili'l', ill III* /.i Hi: limit III 'I'liHii^ (hill- hull I it .iliiillt ll\i' llllliill.ij llill iIh' ijii' »i nil imiliwiili iiriM's; \N li: i -li;!!! Ii" ii-j, nli'd as i niisiii in iii'j ;» l.iifju.i'ji' ' j-'nf, III till' W :il|i|i'nilL!- Ill hull' liMliU III 1 1 nil:. 11 llulil.iil-. i|l..|i i Is |||llll||iU Itnlii tl II "K N'l'l.rlv si\ Imiulii'il III sin li illl' liii.ilii'jtii'il li\ Ml 11. 111. lull 111 lii^ \iiti\. U' siiiilii. |'..i ilir Sliili's. ■ lis s|ii.Ki'ii I II 'I w I 'I' 1 1 Aliiskii iiinl I III' I ilimii^ 111 r,iii;iiii;i 1 1 I'll' I In II I* :i lii'lil |iii' mill li u-ilul iisi';iii li \\ ii |i i In' |i|iihii>i' nl \ ilu.iMi' n ~iills. Tin' siil.ji'i 1 |> ii'lul.'i'i'tl linn'i' ;(llrilili\i' nW illL' tu iIh' l;n I lliill 111 l|i';ill\ .\\\ tl|.' iiiilli.Uv III till' Nniili \ iin'iii nil I (ititiiii'iil. llii'ir hiii'jiiii'ji's iifi' till' iiiiU siii\ i\ iii'j ini'iiinriiils (if tin- tin I' \ lii'iiih . iiinli'i- I In' i llii iiiii -iijiii'V i^inii nl i In' I'll liiiutif. | ill ii litiii'iiii nl lit.' I iiiiiil Si. ill's. s\ sti'iii.il ii I niii I'lliiii lulls i.i'i' lii'iiiv si, iii.ij Imilii- iiii|iiii't..iii lu.iin li nl Klmw I'll'Ji'. SI I Till' iC I In-il nW ll 'Ji'U'Jf.ilillJi.il :i|im is i nm I'l ||. iI \ Im |. v> l|i||iull;.lll ..llii is I'liililiH I'll ill till' I Inlilllliiill 111 ( ':ill.'i!;i. ;il|i| It l> |ii'i'll I l.i I i \ tin llliiln'lil ml lln K'lS.il Soi ii'l V lo iii'i^i' Illl tin- ill I Illl ii HI 1)1 till' ( iii\ I'l iiiiii'iii lln' ihi I's'^it \ Inr i inn-K ip i imi in i lijo iiiiitliT ill mil' iiw II Nnilli w .'s| iitnl ill |!iiii^li ( 'nliiinlii.i. hinj ii. ;'.'.•> :iii' ilis.i|i|ii ..i ii|i_. iiinl r;n "s lii'rniniii.j i'\i iin i ^l i I I.ili' 1 1- 'I'lii l\ i niii i ilmiiil i.i tin- \ ni' i n .m riiiln-.n].||i, ,,| Sm ii'l \ s I r.r'siii liniis. ii \ .illl Illl' iinuini^ 1..111 miiln' I'liii In iiiii.' iiinl L.ii'j iin'ji'. i|i'i:\i'i| lll.ilIlK riiilll Nlk'Hlllii. till' l.isl rilll-lilnml Tulilii. wlin -lll\l\ri| Illl ll|iW.,li|- nl iill Illl Illl I I'd \i';iis I.I iiij.' Ill' w ,is iiii.riii'il 111 ii ( ',i\ iiLi.i Wniii.iii. i ml li\ I'll ..iimiiL: Ini- ji 'iijili' nil ihi'ir < iiiiinl l>i\ it ri'^iis i' inin I ! 1.1 11 1 Iiinl M\ mil) Uimw li'il-jn uT tin' Tuii In.'v." v, \ ^ Mi . lliilr. liiiil I II ili-ii\.'il tiniii ihi' li'W in.lii I'v 1 niii|iii«i'il ill (1.^11; tin- Svimi.-i- niili,. linli.iii Till MS, w In I'l' lln'V i.ii' rhis-i'il with tin' 11 .11 mi- n| iln' 1 1 iiimi-l ini|iii.i> v|i„ 1<. .\i till' .Sill 111' I inn' till' i||siiiiuiii-ln'il ..iiilmr. with lln' -• iiiH ilii riiiii inii w '.n li nii.rUiil i.ll liis wiitiii'J-. i> i-.iii Illl In iiii'iiiimi iliiii no \ni i.liiiliii \ nl till' liiii'^u..i:i' w ..s Kimw 11 Tln.t wlliill W ;is lln\V nlil.iilli'il sllnWi'il. Iii'\nlli| (llli'stimi. llliil lllr lii II 'Jllinj i' W..- In|,il|\ (li>l;i|i | llnlil till' I I Ulnll-I lni|Unlv I oil 'Jin >. ii IH I lll.ll 11 WilS r |nsi ■ I \ .1 11 i I'l I I n I h. • L II L: I l.iL; 1 ■ n| I ||i. |)iiki>iii riiiiiily." liiii Im' iliis iiiiii'ls I'Xiiiimi 111 ii |.liili.|nMi. iil sii|,|,iii, ilii> iiii,.i-,.>iiiiM link III illl' liis|iir\ nf i ln' 1 1 iirtiii-lrni|iini- ii'liilimi- w iili ;iliili ii.il ii ili - w miiil li;i\ i' 1 n Inst lii'Vmiil li'iilll Now or iii'Ni'V. iiiinli wmk nl this -.lUH' Kiml li..- m lir ilniii' ; nm wminl tin' ri'i|iii-i'.' iiri:!lllizillioll In' ilitlirllll in si'i llli'. \ s\>|, 111,1! |. . (inlii'V.itlnli iiT M.liii' -1 rllnlls. nr iif illl' roiiinil ot this siM'il'tv, w illi olln ris i.T iIh' linli;iii Pi'iiiii 1 nn'iii iiinl ilm-i' n| ihr ( linlnun;,! iiml Niilnnil lli.slory Siir\i'V oT ilir liniiiiiiimi. wmilil liiniish wmki'i- ,i\ ,.ili.li|i' Im- 11. roiiililishiiiu' ri'sults lur tin' iniiivi- triln's of ( 'iiiiiii|,i simiLr in 1 In' ihitii imw Ih'Iiiu so nilirii'iilh iK'fUinuliili'il in r.'liTi'in-' to tin' liidiini liilins ol iln' I iiiti'd Sliib's. Alrriidy. ''I'lio Tiiii'lii'l'iilii.' aii'l l.iiiigiiiigi', 11. '■'• ! U2 l»AMi:ii \VII.SuN it.\ Till. Ill litis IIMt/rul- ol" i Willi ill'' '.iiii' ii"ii I'l ill.' ijii. . tor ..| ill.' ( i.'i.lii'ji. ;il Survey •ntnp.'iriilivf viMiiliuiini-s of linluiii iiilM-. nj 111 iijoli Culiiiiiliiii IijVi' I II > till.'i li«l li\ |ir (i.i>i-jcM |l;i\vl<' < niii i iliiiii'>ii I'l ( ',iiimiIi:iii •'iliiii><_'iii|ili\ Miiih Ii,i« \'i I" I"' ii>' I. .I'll.' ill.' iiiiiliil.itioiis ili:il.'> I- < ;iii lif r.ilii. ""l i.> t.>nii mnl . j.isMlii.d ill cli»iiii. I 'jiiiiiii* ]iirl;iiiiiii'j 1" lli.'ir ili|i'riiiiliiil>' -I". K- Shih. jn.. ni.ri' i|i;il<'> |» »ii. || as I III' |Mi.\ .illllli: I .ilhlllU'll III linllKiij ill'' «ii iilV'.'i'lv |.||<|o III <•! i|i»iiii'iiiliii.'(l iiili.> ..I tin- ;ii|ii n\ rilu'j>i». or -.iirxivniN nl inn- <|iii'ritl irilu'w. iiil" ih'' \:iyj:>Y ImihI Tliis |ii'rii!i;irlv diiiN l<> li.uit iiii inti'niiiiii.'jiii'.'' nf \ Hill ii.'\\ iii>..|ilii iitimi^ III ^1 Ii < nil. 1^ li.i\ ■' .'mI\ ;ii i|iin'i'k.'ii iijMiili. ^iM.ill imiitU. Mini . iiii-o'iiMi'iii i\ |i|'<'m'IiI ;i \ i'r\ limit I'l I riuii:.' ol v n. iilml.r \ I mil i iii Iv iln- lihIiih \ liii^ Imiii to ii-«iiiiii' ;iii it ti- ll, rlviiiu iiiiii) III >|>i.ii li Inr til.' w hull' Aiiiiri.iiii linpjitii'-''''* l':i^''l a |)|i il.'lilllialll Inail-lnl HI i>l|.' Iila-liaj I \ |ii' Was |.iii'j aNsuniiil ln.lial- ai Ii'il/.' ill. \liiili all la..' Inilii IlinUiiii |>a\ In I'.ria i|ii I'll.".'.. I', l li;i|is. mi |ac as 1,.11'jiiaLj. I- • iiii. . I ii.'ii. I III' ;'i.s.tit liinl.'ii. \ is |.i\\aii|s il|i' n|i|ins||i. i.\| ii'in.. Majur I'liUi'JI. ill.' « ilnl.lll . III. I III ill'' ljllll"'jr;i|lir''all at Waslmi'/lnll. l.i icjlli/rs 'i-jlil v v;iiiii|>s III' laii'j-iia'j.'s ill \i.rlli Viinri.a li.iw.'.ii v, In. Ii im aMiiiil \ is ilnis jar a|'|iiir''iil I III \ -li\ • "T I Ill's.' Ii'' li ii.'\ .s ii. Ii,' sal isjn, intiU il''l.'Miiiii'il ;i- il|s| III. I s|,., Ks nniji.. ..ill. I liaiiil. I'l. .j.'sscir \V liii iM-\ ali.T iii.li. I II 'J ill.' . i.iii|i|.'\ii \ .'I ill.' I'lHinirv \v li.'ii ilii.-. hi I '.' ill.' llali\'' Alil'Ti. all lall'jllaLi.'s. ilii|s |ii'ii. I'l'iN \ .{ i\ |s|l|,. i i)|||ii|..||| (i|i||||ii|| nl' llll'jillstl. s, lii.jais lllal .1 rilllil.ilil.'lital II hit V I ii'> ill I ln' !';.».• i.t a 1 1 lln'sc illlillili'h \ lirvitl'J' I. .nils,. I s[„.,., h , iliai i|i'\ may li.-. ami [hhIciMn iiri-. all ilrs, .'iKl.-d Iroiu n siiiyli' piii'i-ni I ii'j'i.i'j'.' " ' Til'' li|s|iir\ i.| ill.' 1! iir..|i-|ii"|U..|s la. •• ami .'s|..'i lal l\ •>[ \\v Sl\ Niilimi ll.ilialis. -ill' .' I 111' s.i I l.'iii 'lit III I h.' main limiv ji.;- I li.' |ias| . iiii 111 \ nii I li.ir ii'sirv's uii thi' ( I laml li'ivi'r. 1)1 ill.' I'r..'. 111. .' Ill I iiiiari'.. . iiiii.iisjy illiisi lal's ili.. |..i'i ma, ji v with wlii. li lli.'V liavi' I I'.'nsli.'.l ill, ill. i|. I'll, vari. -Ill's .,| a . uiiini'.ii tuiiijiii' i'lUi \\lii|.' tin' i'ss,.|iiial liili.'r.'ii. .'s ..| l,,i|.jiii,.j',' .", .TV \\ In r iisiiiui.' nii.- ..lili.' ini.si i.|i\ i.,iis i||s| jn, i ions ,,r 1." '• II 1^ iiii'-v. siii|.. I,, |,,,t,. il,, , .jiiiii,,ii 1,\ ill,' I mi 1,1 Ms i.r a 111 II ill. -s III' 1 1 ia I' lis. ami ill'- 'lisiiii. li.ai !ii't\\.-iii .'V.'ii i.'iii,,i ' kiii-lii|' liasi'd dn sn, h i-\ i«|,'ii. c, and a ladiial ilui'lsji^ 1)1 iali'j 'i:,.j>' alnl la. .' .'is n, |||,. viaillil issi, ,|| nf llir Tils, an 'I'a^ fo 111'' ll'i>i|ll"is I .iiiily "I iialmiis \i , oi'diii'j 111 III. lii'iil. tin- kiiisliip ,,[ tin- \lii\V''iiilai'oiik.>* I'i' llm Ni;iL:iir;i I'l'lilllsiila \\..s 1'.'. .,-iii/,'d li\ ill.' Iliiii.iis 11, thai il.si.jiialinii wlii.li ilass.'d ill. 'ill liV il ii.iiM.- s|o||||\i,,,^ ., -,..,. |, I.. ,,| a laii'jiia-j.' a liilL' d ilii'ii-ni ' I'll.r .1 mi'-s Kalik.-wa- i|ll"llaliy. a ri\ ilis. ,| ( Ipliuay ;,d..|'l'-d ml" lli. MnliaW k lialii.li. in sji.'akitl'J- i.l ill'- lliidi- iiniisiil ihr Imliaiis ; s I,, ||,,.j| ,,\vii iiii._'in sa\s ■ \|| i),,, i n li.riiK.l ii.ii I liavi- I ii aldi- I" i-iiiii III M !aii,,ii III ill, iju.sii,,,, ,iiii,,imis 1,1 ill,. |,.||,i\\ji|M Maiiv. iiiaiiv winti'i'."^ au'o ili"(ii"ai S|iini K." Ii.'-Mam.l naLd iIl- Indians l\,.yy naiii.n >ii"akiii'j' a dill'i'iTiit '■'"-"■'-'■ I' ■' -'■' "lid '■ I. a II. 111. Inn all u.'i',. mad.' Iiv ili.' sam.- Siipr. m.' It.'iiit;'." ' ^""'"- ''"' '■" I 'I'" ii"tili"iii . "iiiimiii. mm.' m.n',. |iilv ii'ju'.'s.nt il,,.],- s|„., ial I liaia. i.-iisii, s, ,.asi ,,| i|,.. |;,„ K^ M. .in, i ,,ii,s. ihai, tl,.. i,,',.ai 1 1 ii nui-l ii'iim.is rainih- Th.-ir U liiiMi.>'- .-lii.|\ ..I l.iMi'jiaiL-''. I'. •;|s. iJi'liili.'ii, li'll. ).. 7.'. I'l'tcr .loni'ji 1111, 1 ih. (»j.li\\ay Iinluiii-, j. :;l. \\\l'\ \ I N IMC \l, I; \r|: Ml NMI'lilt \s \ In ilJlM S KM. 6d Inl!'.')):!!;'' i« h'liiiii'kiil'li' \i>\ ito i i>lii|)aH» ;iiiil • I ilmi ali' •jiiiliiiiiMti> ;i' "h ni tiii'i> ; hIhI iIi<- iiuiinroiio iiiiiii>>ii iiiiiilii'i loipjin' tuiiiioli i'\ nli'iii >' i>t iiiii^iiilinii ami riiiii|iii'.si iivi'i'.i Willi' ri"jiiiii iM->i Willi III iIk' Mi^>i»«i|i|ii Tn >iii li |i|iiloliiiri. til i-\ ii|i>iii (• liiiiiiN • iii|iiiii'iH nil' imu liiiiiiii'j li>i' a < III!' Ill I III' III iuili III I In' rai i-h ul tin N<\\ \\>>iM mill liil I ll' !• rii\ i'l'\ III IHoiil'* III lll'll alllllll]! Ill mil' III iillii'l- III llu'lllit \\m||i| «|ii> Ls. l'in|i>'.Mi WliiliiN. alliT ' l\|"' nl lln- ain t'lll lli.liall lili'jUaLji'. iilul IK l-ulalioll allimii^ till' i'>M'llllall\ il l^^llill lal' lall'jilatri's uj' .\r\aii I'iiiii'i"' ilni- |iiiii iiiU ili' ILi^ijii.' Imiii* a »iiii.ili|i' xli'jiiiiii'j-olmii' iinin wln.li In •nil I ill'' |ii'< llllal llll'jlll^l l< llnlllalll III llli' Ni \\ \\ mill. "Illrr lIl.'M' I'. Ilii III li.'l lll.iln t III till' Mill Wmlil \\ III! Ii SI) mil. Ii ii'>, iiiMiN III 1 1 u< I iiiv ili<' AiiKi n all laii'jiiat^i-n , " ' mil iiiili'i'il. as III' ailiU. llial llii'\ aii' all iil aiinnlaiil Imiii Im In- |iiniimiii< i'» titi' trrnii|iiii'^' III llniii III a >iiiu:li' ^Ti'al i'aiiiily a> a • I: >>itii al imi nl I'j'iiMiaih <' ' I li>' aiiiiliMj-y lliu> iinlii'ati'il ha^ li'in \ii'\\i'i| wiili lavmii \i\ Mi llm.iiiM llali'. a»a \ a III. Ill'' III III pi -I II I in;', in ilial ilin > i imi in I In' ii'ri>\ riv ul |Ki>.silili' I lai ■■•« nj lli>' ju.'- \r\ iiii laliiiiiaiji'> 'il liiiili •miiiiKiiis In \\ i -I>'Mi l'iiirii|>i'. Iir riinaik-. " mii' rmnniiinil \ is known III I'Xisl. v|i mKiii^' a lairjiia'^i' w liii li. in iK U'lU'ial >l rilrl iii'i'. iiiaiiili'sK a mar likriir.oN III till' Imliaii lmii;iii'> Almn' ul all iIh' ia-i-> nl lln- uM i niiiiiiini, ilii< llaM|iii's or ICii'okariiins III' norllii-rn Sjiain ami >milli-w i'>l> in liaini' liavi' a -| Ii nl llial liiulilv I mil 1 1| I'X ami |i(i|\ N\ nl In I ii' < liaiarlm \v lin li ili-l iii'j iii' I In' A nnrii an laii'.jiia'j<'- ' Itiil al tin- saiiii' liiii'' Mr llah' a iml iinli'i li. any Mii'li |inMiiv'' Miiiilaiits III wniiU nr liiaiiiiiiar aswmilil |ii(i\ r a diiri I alliiialimi. 'i'ln- liki'iii'>x i> nil r«'l\ in lln- 'jriK'ial • a>l ami inmilil nj' vp •.•i|| ," mii|i n- nn ma ilnnrv nf linu'ili*li' allinilv. i>. almn' in li.' Innki'il Im in ijn' lainjii i'ji'> nj lai i'> M'jiaialiil im Ir^N liy Vasi inli'ival> III iinii' iliaii nl >|ia' >' N'l'Viil In'l''^*. llii'« i'Ii'Iiu'IiI nl i m I'l-"] miiili'iii r I ninninii In linili is viijjl, ii'iit |\ nmrkiil in all rail niii' li aliiiiUnn. W <■ liavi' a-< yl, iiDWi'Vrr. Iiari'ly ri'arli<' all-inipniiaiii iiiijiiiry : ami liinl al *-\i'iy nIi'ji niilv I'l'i'^li r\ iili'in •' nl' il|i' iii'ii'ssiiv tnr I 111' ililiui'iit a<'i'iiiiiiilalimi nl' all availalili- niaii'i'iajs Im'Tiii'i' iIii' naiui' rai i'> III mir nu n l)miiinimi. ami lln»i' nl iln' m'iglilinuriiiu' Slali'>. ji'ii^ii. ami ilnii laii'j u,rji'> jiass lnvmiil iii all Nniliiirj lull ii.liiiil a' I iiniiilaiiv I' ii'M'aii ii ami >|i|(ly nl' lln' \ nr;iliiilarii"> ami ;;i'aiii- liliiliial .-liliriiiii' nl till' iiali'M' Aim'iiian lan'iilaL;''> w ill yi'l'l aii) inilmiliah' i'i'>ulis of plarliial \aliii'. < 'ninjiaiiMiii with I In' lamjliaiii-s of I In' nlil wmid, .'Vi'ii wlnii' lliryM't'iii ln\ii-lil ir.Mi'snl' llial inii.-liip. Iia-. lliiis jar scrvi-d mily in rnnlirni llir i'\ iilmn i' nl' lli" nninic ilaii' al wlinli -I'paraiinn innk jihi' i' lnlwi'i'ii ili«' A-ialir, ni nilnr nM wmM slnrk^. ami ilnir \iniii'aii i .ni^ii'inTs Spi'iiilalinii arrmdiniily liml> auipli' mmn im- iainy In spmi w nil ; III' am ii liiiii I liii' Sn t'ai a> lln- nmii' nniilniii i iil>f> urr i nmi'iin'il. Mr. < 'li'iin'iils Miikliain wmilil iiai r lln'ir alliiiilii's In iln' nmnails ni Si In via Mr. Ilyili' ( 'larki-, lakiii'j- lln' 11' i'iill\ i|ii ijiln Till Akkad I'nr I lir l \ piral laii;;iiai:'<' nj' lln' nriL;iiiai waml"i'or.H Irmn ilirii .\siaiii lailn'rlaml. as--iiiii''s nn.' Inam li nl ii In Iia\<' I'.i^^i'il In Imlia am! !:; l.i- ('liilia, ami ilnini' liy wa\ nl iln' I'a' ili. i>laml>. in .\nii'iii a. 'I'lu'si' nin\ onii'iil'«, in w ■ ^i li llii' 'jrainniaiii al rmnis nl' Malas -rnlym'.-. L'.V). ■' Iniliuii .MIgiatiuii a.'< I'viik^ici'il liy l,iiii),'ini|-'i*>, {'■ -i- (34 DA Mil, Wil.SdN (IN llli: lll'lJON ll.'Oi.UWtiS (>!•' Jiilin ( ,iiii|>lii'll >"ikv 111 ihc ^:iiiii' ()1».' iirr ilau II jur soin.' pliilolouiral lIKlllll'T I rii|-'^--i>V ir:, fs I'l l..iiu-tn h a.- iiiMlii' \ii.,iiii'l''v ill-' i"'"!'!.' ol' a ...liim.Mii on.-. II, .,111 l',,,i ill,. iiiirr\al 111 !>■■ Iiiicl'^i' .iinl ilh' nli;r>i iif IriMiiiMi- ir:ii llii' lallcT M'Ui al lii'vs, 1 1,,11-iilaii iiia\ haniit>iii/i' wiili the ulca ol' th.' sircli liiiin w I'si \\ aid iiiin lln' Allaiilii Ml Mh'Ii ii'iiiolf l^a^l•^ ol' \sial i.' or (It licr lilioiis. I> liiii \a-^l III 1111)11' I'ni- aiiv i>ii'Si.,, aiil Irom Hill il A k kail. Hill ill-. lv^\ I'liaii. rinriiiiiaii. or uihrr d' ilii' wnrld's liTcy- i,il 1,) Aiiiiiii a llii' ui'iMi> 111 '1^ Itui^ iiniiiii'iii>u- .^tiiik. \\f look in vain ■|,i' ..in 1 !■ - I'l ili.'ii iilil-wi'i 111 . i\ ili/.aliiui iiiiiih ni iln- Mi'xiiaii (mi \i Nor i.s it 11 \ aii\ laraii- ,11 .-i;,l)!i-h.il iiiilli ihi.i ill'' iii(li'jiiiiiii^ all- 111 Criilial AiiH'i'ira nr r«'ni arc ol ain vi'i \ liii'.il ,1111(11111 \ I 11 ■II lii'laliiULiv w a- al a 1 riliji'. \ I'l .-.U'^'iir-I iVi'. >l aiiv al wliirll II \V:,S IK ,l liki'h It' 111' Imiij alioli'il Tlh' ^alih' lilav li.' ^aid ol llnir 1 iii'Vol; l\ |iliii rcrnr:!- ; iiinii • l, ili,'\ ri'it;iiiil\ |iiv-.'iii Miiin' iiii;-lily -iijiiiliiaiil aiialoiiir.'^ to ihi- ( 'liiiii piiasi' ol \\ iHil-wril iiiu. 1 all uhili'tl. aloii'^ w iih oilirv a>|> >la:i-. if p,,iiial. \i'i loiiL:-i'ii(luriii'^. ri\ ili/.ai loii ol' wlii' I,) uioiurv our I'-i luiaii' ol llio |io->ili|,' (liir 1\ lii/.ai|oii N.'\ ll-|ll.'lr>- ll . l> of ii'M-iii Ilia lice lo tlial peculiar ll China is the Asiatic fxain|ilar, atioii 1. 1 ('I'liiral and Suiulicrn Aiiiciicaii II c ,i->iiiiili| loll ol all aiilHjiulx 111 aii\ (Icurcc ap|>roxiiiial in 1 1 ill,, I o| l-,u;\i'i vc'iu- io iiic incioinilalil' wiili llic cxii ili'iicc Their ;irchit ecture \v; ilhaMc, llh'ULlll llilpo-lU'j- ll'olil Ihc -c ;ilc nil wlihll I lid T LITcal t elll pies alK I palaces Wi'l 1 pal;i I, mil I II ("ciit y.A .\iiii lii a ll.'!'-. like iioiic\ -, mill -|i''i lall\ .ihe ai^uii ijal ioii oj' lililiU I'olis i ll-lili'lUed litlle challl- - lAraN.lli'd olll of ihc IniLZc liile. is sl.o|llil\ sllU'e-ot ive ol' aiiiiiii \ 111 the ( ',,>a- ( i land Jill I 111' I llelil • I ilie Ziiiii : and this is conlinaed ]>\ tin ■ n-'sin iiidi'iiic 1 raceali]'- ln'iwi ,: iiiaii\ ol' iln ir a I'l hil ei I ma 1 details and the ornaiiienla- I tioll of ill. I'lli'liio poIli'l'V , 'I'll.' ;,-llollo|||\ u\\i\ the calclld l!-s. holll ol Ml M'-o at llh I lliiO~ rc'o)iliii'j lui'ir iii\-i-iiiiis ol 1 iiur. are all .-ii id rein, with their detailed • I ive ol' all ininialnie phase ot ii\ lii/aiioii in ilie \ r\ -i,,^.' of li- '•iiiiil:i'1i. e I'loin li;irl>ari>in. inodijii'd, in sonic ca> ill.' vc, .'lit a.tiui'-itioii 111 cciiain ai •ver oiii.'r i'\ n l.'iii" 1.1 roLir"s> !•• .\ - ll' the p.'i iiliav plia>e ol' Mexican art, and w hat- lii'V appear to nie no more than natural Mi'M.'O supplies, I 1 jiMidii. !■- of ihe lir-1 -ill 1 .'--lul iniiiision nl' ihc liarlianaiis of ih.' northern contiiieii lin' -cii- oliiopi.al .ixiii/a; i.iii ( 'i'ii,'iiii i; t on 'iii->. ,it leasi, ihat ll an earlier iiativt Vlll/:,,iliill liad e\ .■]■ c.M.-Icil 111 1 ll" llorl ll. .'l' ll 1 !le |epre,'-e|ltal IVcs oj' an\ t \- Mil!/.. 1 loll w . I'.. pri'-..|ii ile'ie III limn lii'is I'..!- aiiv 1 cIlLll ll o| Illile, -olue t r; >e pntaliie. and the evidence ol' th ',i-se> all other kinds ol' proof. Th IlllalloM 1,1 \S 111. ll ll -Upplle-. -mi sllld\ '<[' ill" all i. lit l,,li'jll,,'jc- ol ilidl.. 1 I, - op.'lii'd llji a liol|lid|,.s,s held of re.search. he alliiiM :,- i.f I, ,111^11. ijv |ir,'-.'ive -iil.ilr iv.ccs of mihc-di'il r,'lat .ship iii.\\ I l.iiii. ll |,c 1 11,' I 1'' piilv -\ 111 hd 1. I, ll'^ll.lLle- .i| ll 'I ll hcllll- lolls ; and ll I lie Kiii- hi'le- lie , (iriccl . We ale fiiih on 111,' ilii.'-ii. ild 111 -I'jnitnani dh lo-iir, llllllleli'll- I ,11,11 lii 1,1 I,i||,- II .•- Well :.- -1 ililc III I he II, ll i\ ,' 1: a'-l 111 ill" !, 1 "- 111 w III. ll t||,.\ lii'loiiv.d. liia\ in ihc 11 iiion-lioipioiv tonuiie. in its iiL^naiics ihal lia\ e outlived the oi aliiiiit ics as \ it nniecoii-- ple nia,-tcl ill.' lllslnl \ ,,f I ||, pOSsillle. 1 "I "iir ow ll Iioiiiiiiioii ; and to deterni inc. as lai a.>' A\'l leii alliiiiiii'v ic each oihci, and lo ihe ,\pical stocks (d' I lie northern continent. leii ihi.- has hccii aicoiiipli-hed, we shall still have to await the careful inductions of CANADA, A TYI'K'AL l;A(K OV AMI'.UH'W A I'.olIKil \1 68 llol • lllloliiiilcjil M Irllrc l..'l nil' \V >• 1,111 hopi' I'cii' iiiiy lru.«.l\\(iitli\ xihilidii <>[' ili,' |>riiliU' m ol' wllirh pliiloln^^y llllilnllht .(I ly oIHts 1 lie most liopi'llll kr\ . Ill IK) ri'>|».'. I 111.' llic ! 1 m(Hi-Iin(|\i(iis mon' corn'illy addiicilili \ IS ;i ly|)i.;il lurr i>[' llH'rir;ill ;ih(iri'Jlll lllllll ill iIk llllSl'llll- ol I'VKlc'lIt )1' thrir t'Vrr lliivilli ;h(|iiilctl ;ill\ ol lllc ;ill> ll|);)ll wllirli ti V ili/:il ioli (Icpclids. We look in vilill ill llicir vnr:i- l»ulaiii'> lor I.' nils ol' s( ii'iicr. or lor ii nines ndaiijeil to I he nrls mid iiiiiiiurait urcs on wliich social iii()i:r.-.s dcjii'iuU. lliii iliry liad dcvidoprd a liill of oralorv. lor whirli llicir laii'^iiai^e aiii|il' >iilliri'd, and IVoiii wliich \vc may inl'cr ihc jircscncc in this race ol' savaL;-c- <>[' lali'iil | lowers, ca |> iMe ol' wondrous de\cloi>nicnl, " Their laiiuuaii'es show, in their elahorate uiechaiii>iii, as well a-^ in iheir Inlncss ul' expri'ssion and u'rasp of thought, llie evid. Mice of ihe mental capacity oT those who speak them. Scholars who admire the ^i\e Toll del ce and clearness, wil iillei I ions oi' the ( Irc.'k and ."Sanscrit \ erh, with their expr t lie less iiiijiressed wil h t he i iin-cnions st luct uie ol' I he \erliin Iroipiois. It com|)ri.- IIO nine I. ■uses. tliree moods, iheailive and jiassive voices, and at least twenty ol'lhosi' 1 onus whicli in the Semitic eramiiiars are styled con jiiirat ions. The very names of these lorius will siillice to uive evideii.e //n the extreme west. Well -tvled ihi' ■• dooi-kcciu'rs," and ihe ( »nondaii-a>. whose lerrilorv was ceiitr; w ere I lie custodians, 'j'lic w hole iisaue is rhetorical and liii'iuati\ Inder such iulluein the lanu'ii:;^'' 'il I li'' 11 uidii-l ro(|Uois was framed, and it y-rew rich in emotional and persua- si\,' form-« il oiilv needed the evolution of a true alidialiet out ol tiie pietoriaNymholisni Ml t II- 11 paiiiti or t he '_;-ra\ >' p It' tlu'ir chi.'fs. to iiKiULiuraie a liicvaiiirew hicli hoiild emliod\ the oialioii'^ of the Iroipiois Peiiiostheiies. and the soiiLi's of a native loiuer. 1(0' wlnMii a \eliicle of tlhiiii;hi \\ as :i 1 re;;,ly prepaied. rich and llexilih' as poet iMlld de>ire S" far a^ ill'- plnsi, li traits of ;he Ai l.h meii.an ahoriuines fiinii^h an\ e\ idi'iice o •I liiii' a! aiiiiiil v tlie\ iiiitpii'st lonalily siuiu'i'sl some common liii-' < if descMii with tl Asiatic M oii'j-ol ; and this is coiisisient with tlie a^uliit male chaia'lensiics ((Miimoii to a larii'e class of laiiLiuaut's of liotii coiitiiuMii.,. lint, on the other hand, the cliaia.teristic li"ail-l'orm of I he lluroii-lro(|iiois, as well as t hat of Aliioiikiii and oiIum' iiortliein tvihes, deviates alike from the hrachyceplialic t\[ie of the southern Indian nations of this con- 1 lair's linliaii .MiL'i;ni'iii-< IS i\ iili'U.cl 11) l,:uiL'ilML'e, I'. II., ISSI. !l. 66 t)A\l!'l. WIl.soN oN TIIK IIIK'tiN Il;(>\'r<>IS dl' lllb'iil. :iliil iVnlll lll.ll dllll'' Asi;llh M.HI'JhU IIiiuiIhiM I wild i'ii]()\.'il sii, h v;ii-i' (ippor- lllllilii'- liif vHi(l\ ill- ihi' r|lillir;il , ll;il;lii>'li-lli^ i>l Ix.lll rdlll 1 in 11 1 ^ luil Id W lldlll. llcVi'I- tliclf.ss. I 111' noil 111 '111 iiMi-, wiili ihriiddlii lid. ipliiili.' \\ ]><■ ol liiml w •■it iniUiidwii. dwi'lls. III lli- ■ \l lii'TI'iill lic-i';ir.'lli'-. dii ilic Nirikiim' ro'iiiithiiir.' win li Ih \ im'riniii viic lit'iiis td ilif .\>i.iti. M> >ii^i(>l L;itll;illl . la»rs l)dtli iniilrr I llf . dliilildll lit;iii dj' MdliLidl id; !iii(l l»r ( 'li;,ili'> I'ii ki'iiiiL;. df ili.- Aiiii'ii. mii l'l\i>ldriiiL: ICxinMliiioii. mrix . d ai t in- sniiic .(iii- rliisidii as till' rr^iili dl' lii> own iiiili'iii'inii ni >iuil\ ol' ilir la^'o >r Ixiili cdiitiin'iit" Ni'\ rrl iirli li.p\\c\ri i:vi'ai iiia\ 1)1' ilid ri'si'.ulij.iii.i' in iii,,ii\ nil 1- III'! Wi'i'ii tin tnit' li 'il Indian ami lln' Asi:Ji<' Mdiiutd, il I'alU >lidrl dl r\ cii an apiddxiniati' jdivsnal itlc'iiiiu. Till' Mdiiuc'liaii dl' Asia i^ iidi iiidci'd id l»i' s|idlM'ii dT a^ diic iiiivaiv iiiii' I vjx'. aii\ iiid|,' iliau ill'' Aniiri.an Hal tlir I'Xl'iil Id wliirli i !n' Minit^'dlian hi'aiM.^n,iiii\ I haiai I'TJ/r din w idi'i\ diirii>''d MTiidii dl tin' i>d|iiil.,lidii id' llic I'asii'i'ii rdiiiiiii'iit. L:i\'- il sdrcial indiniii' ini' aiiidii^ ilir \i'Vr;.\ I'lliniral dixisidii- uf Ihi' iuunaii n Md'i. dL!'ll> 142] a^ I 111' (Tallli apj.'i I \ dl I'lLilili'i'ii MdiiL;-dl. and iii'ni,,n ■'kiilK dt InT l liaii 1 miviaii only 12-'!4 a^ ihai dj' mi,' lnmdriMl and >ixl_\ -I'diir Ai or AI('xi ; " Il w r aii» 1 lp\ Mdiidii ihc Aiih'iiia.n skull is ' ' lliil 1 'i- Mditdii's 1','siills arc in Id li'l V dll thr nirllldd df , llhic 111, a^Uli'lili'llI |dlld\\,M dill' d| 1 h,' |,-'as| ( apa idiis df ill,' wind,' li iini; 11 ra< c Miiai' iv-ii,'.|v ini-li'adiiiL:. Tin' iiii'aii tapa,ilv \ i.ld,'i| li\ ill,' nica^iiri'iiii'iils ol' '2H A iin rj, an skiilU in ili,' I'laliiidv Mii^.iiin ol' Ai, isidcraldt 'V ,'\aliip|,'. \ 1, ric'«-. ,'Xi llldlllli' rXrr|)tIoll- :ii,'i- Tw I'lil \ ->i X male ( "alironiiu d a iii"aii iapa,il\ dl 1 ITu Th,' 1 1 iinin-l idi|ii,,i> , raiiia WduJd aiiv Iihl:'.' am! -mall ,rania, iIh' irsuiis Wdiil,! h,- In: rank aindiii:' -ii, li i'X,','iil idiial I'Xanipl Til'' I'l'l'i'Iliad i-, ilid,', d IdW and ri'icdilili'. l»ut till' 'J. n.T. 'i''l>i-..l ,'ai)a,ll \ 1- u' dd"( : ;in raia's if \dVili and Sduili Aim ii''a 1- nni>'iiai)l prdlialnliii,'- rai li ■r lav diiv I hi' idea ol' dil- I'l'V.'nt i'lliiii al .■■•nivc'-. adi\,'r-ii\ drdii'jin, and ,-,iii-id, r.dd.' admixiiir,' id' r.ii'i's. All (■vi(l''m <'. iiidv,.,,v,.r. w li,'ili,'i' pli\ -iral or pliil,ddt:'iial. w liai, \ ■ v ,'!>, ii iiia\ pro\ I'. li'avi'S lid I'ddiii I,,;- ddiilii X,'W Wdild. W a'^ Id a Ll'V,'al 1\ pl'dldilL;' I'd pi'ildil dl isdlalldli dj hh' liall\i' rai'i'- ol 1 he l''l Ih'V I lli'\" lam,' 111 ilii'i- I'ldiii ill,- M.'dil'rraman. in lliai (del mvlhii dawn ill.' iii,'iiidr\ III' wlii.li -iiivn.'d in lli,' l,"j.iid df a -iilimi'i'a-.'d All mils ; or tin ii-'.di'v dt lli.'ir p!iiii:'\al iiii'^validii -lill liii'^-.']-- alildli'j- III,' ladlll'j- iraiis ,il plil lnldii'iial liliiiiiv w iili ill,' I lasijiii'- ; nr il. w nil \\\,- -lill nidiv r,.nidi, imps.'s w in, Il I hi' ai-it ir aiiiia ill.' Niw \\dil,l -iippli,'-. w . Id lidldw ilir ])al;i'i)lilliir lari' dl'ii'iilrai Miii'dpi's vinid",'!' |i,'iidd ill till' ldiiM pil-jriniai!-,' Id l'„'Iiiin'j' Slraiis and sn t,. tli,. lat I'l' 111 r I li'' \mi'iiran MdiiM,,) il,|^ .,1 ], ;i-i. Iiii dill. - nidii' and imni' dli\ idu-. llial llir\- liriiiiLiiii w illi ill. 'Ill lid an- d.'ii\ I'd I'diii I li" amiiiii ii\ ili/ai inii- nj' :\ |il dl- ol' Asia ,iv. ill |.'a-I. a- I III' iidi'l ll I'-i'ii ' dill III. 'Ill i- , nil,-, rii,'d, n,, i'\ idi'iin' inids in siiLiii'i'-l that i"y u-i.':,tl\ dill'i'ivd ai any railii'v p.'ndiliV.im ihi' idiidiimn in wlii.Ii iIu'V wnv I'diind Aiitl,i..|».l,,..'y, l.y [>:. I'.iuri ..|.ii,;ir.l : l-'.n.-. "Till' lliiriiH IJiiii' uinl lli'iiil-r. ' laiiia Aiiii'rii'iuui, j. 111"). ill.- . |l. -Isii. nil." N. S. (■„,„„/„,„ ./,,„,,..// \..l. Mil., ll. 1 1; TANADA, A TVI'ICAI; liAd': ()\- AMKIMCAN AHOlJKil N l!.- ()7 l)y <';irli.T wlii'ii lir liist nitiTcd thf Si. Liiwri'iir.-. Thry \vii' ^iKsoliilrly ii:ii(pi;ml nf iiictiilliiruy : :mtl ii<>t\villi.s|iiii(lii)u- lln- iiIhiikIjiiki' of iMin- nalivt' copii.T iir.cs>ililc to tlicm, llii'V I'iiiiiini Im' s;ii(| iv ell lu li;i\ i- ;il I :i i iii'd Id ) liii) nidiiin'ii I iivy slii'jc ol'iiK'lalliiri^ii' ail \vlii
  • l ilir pHtii'i's wlic.'l. Til.' lirass or si raw-iilaitiff ol iln'ii' l.askii-w dik llliulll SiTlll 1(1 .'UiImmIv llir liiiil (,!' ill,. WiMVrl's loom : liilt lllr liroilll.|>, ol' thi' rhasc or lill piiriK.srs of rluihinii'. lit' .s;i\ :|0-,. of I']]!! i'uniisli.'d ilniii w iih skills (if the lii;ir ;iiid dirr. siilliciciii I Tlify had advaiiri'd in no dcuii'i' Icvniid ilir coiidilioii ol' ilic iirolitj Stoiic Alii', w lii'ii at ill'' ilos.' (d' ili<' lirici'iiih ii'iiliii\ iIu'v Wi'if aliiii|)lly liimitil tati with its .lilt iiivd ;iiis. 'I'll.' Liillt'd lii>toii;iii. Mr. l-'rainis Parkinau, who has ilimwii -o lasrinaliiiii' an iiil<'ii'..~i n\ .t iln' slorv ol' lln'ir >liiirf in iIh' Johl'' prol raclid sIiul!uIi' hT iIh' ll mill roll- l''rt'iirh and I'liiiili^li (ujdiii^i- ol \Oiili .Ann-iii avs ol I iii'iu : ■ Anioiiii' all i lii. ! laih.'iiou- lialiolls of llic ( iiillilh'lll till' lloi|l|oi^ sl;illd piilainounl. I'llililrlll- wlli'h alllulili nlhrr t lilies \\ I'lc , 1 tide, ( (Ullll^i'd. ;ind I'lulnyol i. . were anicillL; lllein >\ slemal ized :i|ld eon, reled iiilo an esial(lisli,-d polity. The Inxjiiois was the Indian oriiulinns. A ilinroii'jli sa\ ati,'. yet a linisli.'d :ind (h velopi'd savaii'e. H,. is peihajis an example of th,' liiiihesi el..v;ilioii w hii h limn e^in lejih wiih"iil enier'^in!^- Iioni lli^ priniilivi- condition "!' ih,. Im I liidi nier. e race ;i> lU'ei'ini iieiit aiiiniie- lu'd liKliaii nalaiiis, ll Yi'l with ihi'- lli'j;ll estilii;ili' 111' ill aiMs : ■■'riiiii ihe Irniiui'is I'll under their insiii ii t urhed. Would I'ver ha\ e di'\ ,l,ipi'd ;i ei\ ili'/alioii of l heir ,>\\ n, | do not l(i'li,'\ e. ' ' Tliev lions tci work oiii ilii'ir de,^iiii\- iindi> lad not. in truth. Iak< '11 the liivi >i,.p in sii, dire, lion ; mid. wei,. ii n,,i I'cr ll e\l- (h'liee whieh laii'^iiai:'!' supplies, it Would I .1 .\ le idliei'lV ;| Ide thai lhe\. and the w hoh Ml hallciriall llallollsoj Anierie:i. ol W lll,|l ll|i'\ men IVpe. Weli' .Molieol lilt rillleis o| ;i later i, or llieir nnue southern eoneeiiii'^. then eXlelidiliL;' eollsidelahU I o 1 h,' soul h ol' the SI haw le|i,e. The prevalelh,. ol'ti liiailn- rephalie tvpe ,d' h(>,id anioiiii' soiilhein Indian tribes, wliile doliehoeephalie eharaeteristies are eouuiioii lo the j'lskimo and lo the Huroii-IiiKjiiois and other northern Indian nations, lends some eounleiiaiiee to ill,. id,M ol' the latli'r beiiiii' lIn' prodiiei ol' an inieiniixtiire ol K'ed Indian and ilskinio hlood. The headd'onns. howevor. tlioutih lioth loiiu'. dill'er in other respeets ; and there is a like di\ eru'eufc apparent on romparinii' the hones ol'thc I'aee, with a eiu'respondiiiii' ilili'erenee in their physioLiiiomy. Dr. l/ithaiii. as alieadv noted, liiids in the lro(|uois one ol' the most lypieal I'aiiiilies ol' the North .\merieaii r;;ee. and Mr. rarkniaii styles them "ihe Indian ol' the Indians.'' Till' wdiole Iluioii-lroiiuois liisiory illustrates their jiaiieni. ptditie dii)loniaey, ihei, d«'vo- tion to luiniiiiii' and to w.ir. Ihit their polity ^lave no eompreheiisive aim to wars whieh rt'dtieed their iiumlteis. and threatened their very existenee as a raee. Tlirouiihout llu' entire period ol' aiiv dire,i know led'^e ol' iheni hy I'luropeaiis, there is (Oiistaiit i'\ ideiie,' of the rise ol' i'eiids heiweeii iiu'inliei's oi' tlu' eommon sti.ek, due in part, iiidei'd, to their heeominu' iiuoix I'd in the ri\ alries of l'"reneh and l"]niilish eolonisls. hut also traii'ahje to heri'dilarv aiiiinosiii,s perpetuated throuiih niaiiv generations '{"he ^irone-lv marked Tlu> .It«uits ill N'erth Aimiiia, [i. 17, 68 it\Mi:i, \vii,s()N ON I'm; iiri;t>N luntirdi.s or (liv('i>iiii'> ill ili^' iliiilri (v ol' ill,' Six NutiniiN i> \i-,-\[ an iviili'nr«' d' llirir l«>ii llv tar till' nil '-I inti'ir-liii'^ainl 1 ni^l w'oriln nan ali\ <• rarliiT ,'iall .i| llh' IiIm'.'IiIIi . •■iiiiiiv r lhi> lanrntiv I'auU'' i> iiiilMMli.cl li\- Mr I luiai i.> 11 A ih' 111 I l|f 1 •■iiilUi.ls 1.CI..U i>\ \^\\• iil 1 iliiiiiMii |i> alMiiiL;inal Aiiiriic all iilcial iii<' ol >iiiL:iilai' i:ihTi>-l aii>l \alU' i:ii nilirv^ i>\' 1 hi- '(iiijiili'iarv ihc Tii M alula- (in 11|)\ a pirllilar |mi-II|(i|I, Aiiiuiil; ill lli'\ Well' rciuiiti'd 111 I 111' < uiiiiiinn >li -11 r.''i'ntlv a- 171 1. Imi lib ir I ladilioii- ai'ind wiili llidx- (if iln' wlinl.' lIiiiiiii-lvi"|iiMi- h.iiiiU in pniiil iir^- In l lir LnWiT St l.awTi'iii I? a- ilicir oiiLiiiial liniiii' : ami ilic (li\ n-il \ of I hi' Tii-iaima diah'il In on I hn-i' nl iIh' nhlci' nations .!■ ll (H nil' Irauiii' liiriii-lii'- a \aliia lih auii'r (if ih" -iiiiiiliiaiii 1' I'l -111 h iJiU'i'iiii'i's. as ■xiili'lUr (if ihi' h'llul 1 I'l iii'iii'il (iiiiili'j wluih ihi' \aniiu- iiniiili i- (•! ll I. •■■11 -I'pa'ali'il I hi 'hi' ulinT iiainl. thi' iiiaiiiiiT in w hii h. iii ihi' al> lllllllKll 'lice (it nil- 111 1 iiii-aii: nilllil \ . and Widi I'Ulctl stock had 1 any lid-cdiiaiv riiid. ihi' 1 ruijiuii- v.-|ii'.ii'(! il I hi' riiL;iii\ 1' iiiiniiL^raiil- in 'in Nmili Carol ma. t hiow - an iiili'ii'-i in^j' HliIu on tin' lii-tovy dt till' rail', ami ihi' lai'Lii' ixii'iii oT rounirv O'liiiiii'd li\ ii in iln' iinii' nl ii- '.iiraiot liro-|ii'rii 1 lie ratili-l hoiiic of ihi' wlmii' 11 iir(in-lro(|Uiii- -to. k \va- within ili>' ar.'a laitiriy I'liiDraiiil III I pifr am I Liiw.'r (' aiiad 1 and, t Inri'loii', i hi'\ ha\ a |i.'illllar rjallil oil llii' iiiii'ii-l o| ( 'aiiadiai 1- a- our pii'iii; -or- in iIh' on noaiion ol ilio -oil ; whili'. in .-o ar a- II- ai iual oiriiiian' V ii\ lin' n'|iri'-i-iilal i \ ( ihi- loiiiiiion -ii till' 1 1 nioiiv wcv w .•j.-oini'd lo a Irii'milv . ll lalal. alllam r w ilh tln' I'alh 1^ nillri'llli'd |-"li||ih ndoll isis ; ami III.' I ioiiii..|" ihi' Six Nation- 1 ia> 1' I'lijoynj a holili'. lindi'l' ill'' liroti'itioli ol' Eii-l; iiid. oil ihi' wi'-ii'in Canadian iv,-.'r\ o -rt apart lor tln'ir lis.' a ii'iiiiin at Th-'iv i- olh' lint; ■.iL^-niiii-aiii. Thi' tai iii.oii-i-t.ii. \ III ih. t radii loll- oj I ll' 1 1 iiroii-lri.(|ii(n- w hi. Ii is hi. ll "■''> "I ih uinioii >io. k ilw I'll, in -111 h i inn'- a- i lioir oldoi and uio>i rill !i-ii.ii tradilioii- |iri il iiioiA, in ili.'ir iiorthi'in In. in.' oii iho Si. J.awi'.'ii.i'. and iii'.-id.' ih.' Lii.'al -I'a. il W rank I'd al.-o ainoii!j- I h.' ;iiii ii'iil 1 i ad it nni- of tin iinptundx.'.pi'r-. ■ or olhrial aiinali-l-. that tln-r.' laiiii' a t inn' \\ hm iii-i'. ill' Caiii' IroiM w liat.'N iT ii'ja^ — l\:i-ii\ i'iidM'diad lloW II ll\ I hi' la. I ll and Si ii.'.-a-. .dl ilainn'd lor t In'in-.'l \ .'- i lat till' I lin-id:,-. ( lliiimla'jas I" cliaraitiT ol anio liihon,.- m ilnir laii'r Inn no III' piv. I" .1 wh. a. .ordiii'.. lo ihi' . h.'ri-hi'd h-^i'iid ol ih.' ( hii'ida-. tin \- lili'iallv s|.raii.j- li'.iin Ih.' -..ll. I- -nil mark 1 (ilmirid -v.'iiili'. iViim w hi. h ili.' 1; iVoin 1 h.' -1..!!.' ' ll 'V ■' ih.' t •ii.'ida Si. III.'." ;i Ii \'j<- lioiild.'i' ( >l lli'-li- tli'l' 1 all.'d ihi'ln-i-h 1'- ( I lllola-aU'j, ■■ ll II' li. Lliit o. . M pi.'- a n.iiimaiidiiiL: sili oVi'! lo.ik.liM- a tin. -"■"'' 1""^ "" 'h.' On, a. la Lak.' Ihit a. .ordiii- to Mr llah • •Xliall-i' 111 rollllll'V I ll.' liaiiii' of I hi' ( liii'id; nation, in iln' . ..limil ill.' iia'ju.'. was Xihiiliniiifii/, "■'■•• l>i'0|il.'," or liii'i'aliy ■ llm j' ihn -'r-'al pn.haldy as an ali.'i'-i hoii'j'hi. wnl, ;, |,.n,.nd ('"•". u-iiall\ ri'iidi'ri'd tli 1' 'JV>-.i\ 11- di'siu'iiai ion i- loniii'i'ird, nio-t 111' ImiLi'-.'mhirimj' till' I 11, mi'i'iiii-' of their pi'oph' with Iliawatl la. Iraturc- whi.li di- I'-iiii' ol Ih.. |ro<|n(ii- 1- lori'iiiost ai liiiuni-h thi- ri'inarkahh' ran' of \ none- till' 1 haractoristii iifrii an alioriLiiin'- from llii lr..i(M..ih l;.,..k ..I i; nWADA. A TVI'K Al; UArl'.oh' AMKI.'K'W A ItnlJH ;i \K r,<) A l'^. iiiid ulhcr riidtT Irilx's of Noitli AiihTii;i. Tlir >li>iv ol' lliiv |.:imui' ]i;i^ I n li'|M';il('(| Ity >Mi rrv,si\ (• llillll i lill'J' ll i^l dlill Ms. ||(>l willinlll lln tc >rir;i 1 cXil'JLlc'V.it iolis iMiriuwcd I'lMiii till' iii>l ilul inns i,\' "ivili/rd n.iliniis. IkiiIioI' iiiiiicut .ind inMd I lil.;d lllliuli : ■ r lld'T lll<'ir r>'ilcT,i| s\ v|,.ii|, till' 1 1 illdrlii'iid.'iico. iilld r;i|i;il(l<' nl' >.'l I'-J Hi >1 «it jnii. Uiwj; hIIit llf \i'\v ]• II rii(|ii'ii-« iiniii i^li<-||s; ;i||(| l|ii'\ imW sl;illd liillll llpcill I Im- ( :in\ ;l^-> nf 1 lldi;:ll Ili-Inrv . pi .iiiliclil ;i|ikc \'i>v till' w i-~d(Hii id tlic'ir ii\il iii>iit lit imis, ilicii' >;i'.^;irii \ in ih,. ndniiiii^l r.ii imi nf tin' ;il;i1'', :iiid lln'ir iniinnji- in lis dcli'in W •II ilii'ir |Mi\\ ,■!■ imd sci\ rri'i'jiii \ liimllv piissi'd iiWJiy. II \V;iS lillnliull tin- i'\ rills nl lii'ilii'lll! lllti'lrnlU'^". lilllduiilK [ >Im:^ I I'-^i n li' t( lliis ri'siili."' SiliDidiTiiri ill liki' nnminT irli'fs to ■ilirir iii|\ Jini'ini'iit 111 I h. ■CI Miiiin V i\ iii'j' III iii'iii^. Ill tli|iliiin;iiy, ami iii ii\ il |'iilit\. as r\ nli'ii'-.. nl ;i n^niuP' dai^ I'm' llli'ir riiliri'iii'larv lilt wliijf tliii^ iiiiil ra^i iinj till' ■imW'T and sii\ .•r.'i'jiii \ " nl tin lftM|iiiiis \\ it 11 lln- " di'jMiidi'iii natii'ii^" in t In- ^niil li SiliMidiial'i |i'a\i'>ii ni.iiiiri-i ilmi, r\ ■II ill till' si'vciiii'fiith ri'iiiiiiv. tlii'ir wlndi' nunilM'!- r,.|| s|i,,ii id' l.'nni) \varrior> uv liiilitiiiLi- nnii wry.- i;ir •liilK rsiiniali'd in ICTT at -JJ-.m. Tli.' d ^illd lll.'ii' i\.i-iiv i.r dialrrts id' till- diU'i'ii'iit iiii'IiiImts III' till' li'auui' is a v.iin-, ,■ ,,| ,iiriiin> inti'ii'^t tu tin- |>liilii|iivisl : Inn tin- I'ait thai. aniniiL;- a p. 'nidi' minn'iirall} ^n -niall. Imal diaji'ii- wi'Vi- I litis pri'i I'l iiiiii'd, i- a pf( mi' III' till' \ i'i\ p;iri iai iiillni'tn i' nT i In' Icnj in' a^ a I mi id nl' iininii. It siTVi's III illiivi i;ii,. th,. M-.'in'i';d di'l'i'i I nl' naii\i' Anniirmi pnlii\ ■ Nnilmij' ^.ivs Max Miilli r. ■■ sill pri- ll till' .li'^iiit inis^iiiii.i iii'^ s'l ininli as lln' ininn'ii-'' nnnili'i n III I \i\-. lai' Irmn lu'linj- a ini a lii^li laiiLiiiau'i's spnki'ii 1>\ till' iial i\i-- III .\niriiia. I! stale III' ri\ ili/at inn. rallnT slmwi'd that tin' \aiiniis lai''"- nl' Annric.i Imd in'\ >'r ^nl, V li'ii'^l 11 III I inii' In ;i pii\\ .'t I'lll piililiral > i illii 'II I la 1 inn Tin' llmpi ii|^ Wi'li mil I'd fur an iiiidiMi'iii'd! V pri'iiiiiiii'iit ill iln' hi'.^lii'>i \irtin's nl iln' s.ivnii-,' : and iniild iln'\ hav^ Its <,| .,|-ni.^-|v^v 111 iiiiili'd with tlnif iniiiai;'' and piT^isti'in v in war ^nim' "i' tin' I'li'im't I'iviliz; ti.ni asi-iilu'd in tln'in. tln'\ mi'jhi lia\i' pinvi'd lln' ii"jvin'rainf^ nl' iln' rniiiim'iit, am 1 fi'siTVi'd il jnl' pi'l'llialli'llt niillliat inn I )\ laii's I i mil i\ ■' 111 iLii W I'Ti", IT I Ili'V Wi'llt, sa\s >r|l(m li'lMl'l. ■■ tl n'\ 1 an It'll pvi III lln'll' I'lHTLiA. inllf; iiiil iiiii'iiiri- At nil' p'lind \vi' Inar llii' -Miiind nl' tln'ir \\ai'-ri\ hil;' tin' Strait- id' iln- Si . M; r\ s. ami al till' liml (iT |,aki' Siipi'rini' : at aiinllnT. iiinliT tin' walls nl' (^Im'l didrali'd till' Ifiiroiis iimli'f i ln' I'Vi'snl' lln- l''irinli " ' And all Id'i'. wli'T'' t ln'\ liiiall V I'T ■jlain iii'j- al I In' Inn'.^' liistiiiv id' tlnir 1 liiiinphs, ln' adds : " Xaliniis ii'i'inldi'd wlnii il n'\ In'aiil t In' iiann- nl t In Lntlii-lltnlll \ ill nldi'l' ri'lltllfii's. W'lliii' llli' iIuiiill-Trn(|Univ >| ill ri.llslit llti'd niH' linit'd pi'n])]!' ill llii'if am-i'siral Innin' lo lln' mtitli nl tln' Si. l/iwri'ini'. tln'V iiiii-t lia\i' li > ii lialil.' to loliiart with till' I'lskiinn. hnlh oil lln' north and tin' I'a-l ; and u-'iaiK a- iln- 1 w n lai.'s III in nil In 1ml h is llnl i>lll\' sUl;'i:'i'-I i\ i' 111' pos-il la'hiin'iils nil I hi' l>kiiiio in i'afl\ ri'iii iirii'- hs' dill'iT. till' dnlii ln)ri'j)]ialii' typi' ol' linad in inti'iiiiixtui'i', but also ol' cxidi'ini' of I'lni'i this aii'ii'ivs.sivn rai'iv In thn sixti'i'iith and si'\ nntncnth ri'iii utii's. as proli:il.l\ at a iiiiirh rarliiT dali'. wln'ii tin' Irn(|iiois had j'artrd IVmn tin' Wyamlnis or Iliiinii-, .hi'V ' l.i'll'-'llr i.f llli' IniilUols, [1. -1. ' Null's nil IJKi li'oiiiiiii.s,!). al. ' Li'i'turrs nil IliiiSi'inlu'ii ill" l.;nii;iUl!.'0, ."(ill I'll., [1. TiS. ' .'xuti'si nil tlio Iroiilluis, J). 51'. fO ItWII'.l. WlI.SitN t»N Till', mi.'iiN IK'ni'lnls (>K 1 J Ki'tiiiiif iiiit|\ii>liiiii,ilil\ //;* :iL!iiic'^>ivi' Vihc ot iIh' Ni'iiIu'IM > (.m iiiciit : ;iliil utTf :iii olijri I i<[ (ln':i(i In \\i(|il\ M'vrn'd ii;iii(iii>. Tlirir ciiriii'sl lin's wiTi |in>ltiiMy llic AlsfDii- ,111^. \\ IlllN ' ( ni'Jlll,.! IlKllh' ;.lil>r,ir> In ll.i\i' li>'i'U I ii t \\ ( ■( ■!! i.iik'' Siiin'iinr iiinl ilniJNnii 15 V. \,'\ I'Vlli.jf*-. lllnlnr nil] |.l- -( 'nllimlil,,!! ' I'll I U l\ , wlhll Irn(Hlni> iilld A lli'nllklll-^ idlll l)i lie d lllrll' I'nl'ifS liCXlllhl >lnrk, \\ lln.v II ., lih' Ml I \ 1 \ I'S i II llllli nllllc A ilrn'lijill V iiixi ill ■ AlliLii'U i. ,1 Inll iiiiiiiiii,,iii'- :.iiil ru rr. Ill'' 'Jl'"\S lllL^- Ix'll.'l In W I'll jnUlliird ll|,,l l|h\ W I'l'.' IIU' ^n-r llird M^ miHl-l.lllliIrl- (I t ill.' Ml- l-^li'l'l :lll' Olii.i v.dl'.'V.v I ii'\ iiiii^l li..\'' 1 11 ;i iiiiiiKToiis 'I ill', (I illjiX ill'/ ;i l«'niln'\ nf yTfiil I'M I'll I. ;ill-lill U->\ nl > \\ lll/.,.llnll. - l- ml iii'iiH'd. llii'\ li;id lint ailv;ilicfd li '\ mid 1 Ih' -iju'i .11 IIKJlinl-^ |'lnijri'» lilll llli'll li(>l!i'l\ W a^ I^ 1 > 'II I I \ -ll|ii'llnl In illlV '> ill >lnlli' liavi' ,■ mil- ;.rl 111 ll|i' li'Lllnll ;Mnlllld I ln' i:'l i',. I ImIm's i II nhji'iiv III' \\ iili-^iui'ad iiiii'i'i'-i wiiili' lln'ir -in'jiilar li'i'iniii't liral I'ariliw nik> slill imX/l.' ill \lililii,.ll ;,ri'ii;rn|ni^i>l. Ilnlil lll ■ .'\ idi'll.i' llli'\ -ImW nl' >kill in a |>i'n|di' >lill dill' I'.'lind Till' nlliv I nlli i'i\ allli' vnllll lull nl ll|i' lll\>|i'l\. aS It Ill-all'. Ill llni)' --I Ni'i'lll- In HI''. 1UI1>I III 'il li.r III I Ik avi. ili>li!ii I I'-niii ill.' i;n.' ii;ill\ \ .,llr\ >. a^ 111 li'l \1 >>lllllli| |n|| llial Niillli' ■W i >ln.k. I llllli 111 I hi I ii iiidii ' nl' l!raiiiiiii< al I' -jK';!! iiniiln'iii livcr- 11 . and. liki' I hi' iii\ ilii' t^iin'i/.d. nai 1 nl ili.' AaIi , v. laii'/lii ilii'iii aii'ri.ul- I iii'i'. and diii'i i.'d ill.' .nil I '11. I inn nl i!i.' iiiar\ I'llmi- lai ihw mk^ in w hii h i hnv n\\ i' ihrir la! I' di>ii;i. ii\-.' iiaiii" lliii jnr ^niiii' niikiidw n I'l'ii-nii \\\.-\ iiin\nki'il ih.' iiniii'd liiry of lrip(|iiniv and \ l.jnnkin- ; mkI ..Ii.t |nii!^-|irnii'a ii'd --i lili' w I'l.' di i\ I'li mii. or .'Mi'Viniiiati'd. \ I mi. Ill- plia-.' nf i 111 ipii '11 1 iiaiivi' ■ i\ ili/.al imi iliii- pi'i i-lnd aiiliindiii..i all tin' inniaii. !■ alia, li.'d I" I li.' iraiiiii' nl i In Six \al mil--. II i- iniiin-Miili' In , I'lilii 1 lii'iu al aiiv ■la'/r ..| lli.ii klmwii lii-lni\ w II li llii' a. Iiii'\ I'liiiiil :iiiii!ivi' ..11- .,■• \\.' niii-i UM III'.' in ihi- am i.'iii nl Mhil a lP|nU!'i'N> 111 a'/l 1. U 1 1 IIM' nl' I li'iunipli nl Ih. prnp ill.- < »ll|n \ alll'\ 'lilni- 111 lIu- iniiL:-l>inl r.i- ii'd wailaii' i iia\ lia\ I' I II tlUi III th h.iULiliiN .-iM'i! wlii.-ii ilniii .'Imili (iciiiaiidcil a r. n^IllUnll nl llli-ir .'-IJ I Hi'luai - \ IVnlil -iliMniinliiiii' ;mi ;nii>. lii'ii- iiarl lal hi-lnfiaii- a-i-i il),' |i, I I'lii a -.iniil III iiiaL/iiaiuiiiil \- III ilii u-i n| ill. '11 iin\\i!-. :,iiil a 111 'dialniial ml niiiW |i'( Il;i'>1 ili"i!' >iii ii'i-niai i'r|inMiinii aiiiniiu llii' wi'aki'i- iialiniis lliat II •\ iipii.ar. mil I. in lia\ .' aiiaiii «'iili'r.'d iiilnalliaii \\ 11 h : n Ahaiinkin iiaiinii in ilii' railv ji'Tind n\' ihi'ir li-anii.' 'I'lu'lr aiiiialisi> 1 laV.' In.iis- iiiilli'il I h" lll.ninl-\ nlallialN i-lln l . d \\ ll ll ihi' Mjll,\\;iv.. uh.'ll ill.' lalt.'r dw.'ll nil th.• -llnI.'- nt Lak.' Snpi'i'in:- ; and ilii' ni.'.'i I iil;- pla.-c nf i h,. i \\ n |.n\vi'i lul ran',- \va> al ilii' uTcal li-l:iiiL;-Lii-iiili:d nj' ilii' Sanli ."^li- Mali.' laiMiU. wiilnii ii'ai-li nl' ll |i' I nplii'l-ld'anilLl- I'l -ai^^Ui' ihi'li olalili.-lii'd i> ln-lirvi'd In ha\i' I •k 1' ill.' Ki'W I', iiaw ii.'iiin-nla Tin •iihrnilx niaiiiiaini-d nil l.ni li -id.'- !nr iipwanU nj' i un lumdii'd M'ars I'.ui it' .sn. it iiad (I'i'ii • pla. .'(1 liv l.iiii'i- r.'iid in ih.' iniiTval l>i.| \\ ith il In I 111' M Law I'l'ii. ll' \ i.-ils nl ( 'artiiT and ( "hainplaiii ll" lll-lmii al >!i:lllili i, 11,-1' u;I\ I'll In ll ■nd III lli.iwalli.i l)\ ill.' I (ilii'i'i'iil nallaliv. iiiL;i'n;nii-l\- .|.'ili 1' I'd l.\ Mr llmalin Hal ■ iVmn ih;' ■ lr,i,ni..i- Ilnnk nf 1 Pi'lll! In ,, liili'j j,,^I ,.r;| ,,| |,;.||, hll..> .si'('lii> lo 1' '111 nil'' and -n. lal plnM-r,'-- alllnli'J- Mli' 11 11 Inli-j l'n(|Uni> l'i>> 'll" '•'■- i- lM-.-('ii|iiiiil,iaii and iiiuhii-, Th.' pip.' ,,[' \>,ih;' had Im'i'Ii I 'inl ill" lilllli-d InMl.diaW k l-i'.'n\ I'l-i'd, whi'll llii' r^ii'lv l''|i'n,h I'Xpl. >wj.' I'Xi iiiLiUi.-^hfd ri'i> wi'ii' Itiniiiilit into ""'■'■' ^^"'' '•'■■ ll'"l""l^ ■""• Hlllnliv Th" !ll>lnl-y nl I 1 1 , ' i 1 , 1, ■, 'd s, a., l. '. n]', j. 'd liy th. • li'Mlil l-alhiT- Irnlu pilMinal nl.M'lVallnll, 1. M'|,l,.t.. u,lh,h.' I'l 'h 'HI loss l','!'*.,- i I y (.r Ih. lANAKA. A TV I'M A L |{A(K (.K AM Kith 'AN A! 'MfKllMX 71 s!i\ ;ii!i' \v ir wii- tli;i-liiiii' ; iiml llicv were \-\i-y rcmh lu wil. iim,' ili.' < all i <• .nil liil SmIIi' riilllf ill t'Olltili't willl llii'lil (III till- (lisnivr) V <>l llli' Illinois : :illM lllr ('Ili'^a|>i%ll\i' liav Ik-aV- iiiu :i l>;iiitl til IiiM|ii«>iv Will lidis Id ijn' imilmii s di' llif rowlialtaii . iiiiiicl> lai v Tin \ \\ iTf llii'ii. iis '-x <■}-. llif -aiiii' iii'tri' iiianiiitli'fs. iiil'ilriaiit III' ■•(|ii;ilil \ \\ iili am in iulili"iiMii'j lril»i'. Till' Sii>(|iiiliaiiiin( ks cxpi'iii'iic .'(1 at tln'ir hands llic saiin' liil •• iis I he A lliLitw i. 'riir l,c'li;i|>i'.s. Sli:;\viicii-., \a III icoKc-. I iiMliii-. I d'h. \v;irc>. Muiim'i's and Maliliat laiis. wiTi' MHtc»i\. ly ii'diiri'd III ill.' . oiidilii'ii dj' di'ix'iidi'in tiilii's. I';\ .•n lln' ( 'aiiar^i' liidiiiii>nr I^hil;' Island Wfir n<>l ^iiif I'lnni llnir \ I'li'jcnn. i' ; iiinl llifir puwiT •^n'Ui* in li;i\ c Ih'i'Ii tlrt'iidcd iliriiULilnnii ili«' wlmlc ir'jion iVoiii lln' Aihiniir in ilir Mi--i>-ijiiii. Ii llius iii>|ii ar> piulialili' lli;.l in ri'iimli' rciil iiiii>. In'lini' ihr tli^i uvii\ nl Aimiiiii liy I'luitipciiii \ i>\ aiii'is, till' ii"jiiiii t'Xlmding' wi'slward IVmu ilu' Lalnadm iii,,>i in Laki' Ontiiriu. ii' nn-> oT niiiiiiit ion and w iir. Miii tliou'jh thus 111:1 i nl !ii ni ii-j' ii liiiiiulilv ini'doi niniiih \ : >o i'iir ii> liii'ir:.rl> iiiiiird ;iii\ r\ idmc.' of l>io o\ c'lM roWII \\ 1 inliinry. Thf ■ ouiiliy o. < upicd Ky ihi'in. cxri'iii in .-o lar ;i> it I'ort'st, wiis wril adiijilcd I'm- nuTiniltuii' : ;iiid llif Iid ;,lik iiii{i;iri is work w;.s riiliii'lv liivoiiriildy willl lln' Abonkins in ihi'ir a'^iiciill iinil indiisirv. i>;ii tii ciirrird on Kv ih<- woiiumi. wliih' llu' sh;.ri' •<[' ihc nn'ii in ilir Joini |>io\ i>inii ni imid \V!IS the 'irodui I olth.' rllilsc Tll'' In'alltii'lll I'cLlion Wll> still so 1: HLiVp, iiiidir joii'st that il must li;i\ I' allordi'd aluindant n'soiirci's lor ihr liuulrr; Inil it luiiiislu'd im I'ariliiirs lor till' iiiiiiiLiuiMl'on oj' a ropprr or liroiizr iiyc, siiiji ;is the shoii's oT Laki' Siipi'i ior in \ aiii oli'i'ri'd to its Aluioiikin iioinads. ( H' niclidlif ores they had im kiiowl. 'dLir; and wliih' tlicy doulitli'ss prizrd thi' « oppcr lnoiui'lil oi-i asioiially IVoni Lake Supi'iioi-. rop|hr iinpii'- iiii'iits ari' lari' ill iln' rri:ioii wliii h tlu'y ornipird. 'ilnir old alliaiii '■ with ilic \lL;onkins of till' grrat roppi'i' ii'Liioii had loiii;' i' ol' tin' I'ori'sl sa\ a-jr ; no noiiiad. Iml imiiitaiiiiii'.^- as lis ow II till' ti'rrilorx ol his lathris, and huildima pah- ■d town-- loi ilh' M' iii'i' sin liiT riiis propli'. 'I'lii' Krai-ln ri'phalii Mouud-lSuil '1-. on till' olln'i- hand. iiia\ ^i i|| -ui\ i\ th 111 olli' or ollli'r oj t llr 111 rill Ik 'I s oj llli' si'ini-rl \ lll/.i'il \ 1 1 laLl'i' ' oimii 1111 1 il ii'> ol' \'>'\\ M I'xn o ir Arizona. I'liit ii' suih atti'miils al tin- intrri>ri'tat imi of iiaii\i- lr,;diiioii> hav.' am valui'. thi'V i-nrrx us hack to pri'-Coliiniliiaii ri'iitui irs, and ti'll of loii'^ \ rot l.alril si I'ii; until what inav it lifsi lia\ 1' lii'i'ii no iiiori' than I II' an'ii'l'i'sstoiis ol wild iioriin'rii raic trmptrd 1>\ till' irsiuiirrs oj all iiidiistiious a'aiirii 1 1 Ilia 1 loinmuiiil \ . Iii'iaiiii' a w.ir id' I'Xti'r 111 illation Tin' I'lahoiali'lv loiistiiirti'd I'orls ol tlir Alound-ltiiiklcrs. n.i h'ss aliuiidaiil tliroiiiihoiil till' (tliio Valley tliiiii thrir lurioiis ut'oiin'triial i-arthwoiks, prove tin' skill iiml determination with whieh the auiiressors were willistood, it may he tlirouiih suc- cessive ireiierations hel'ore their iiiial ovevthrow. >'- 72 i)\Mi"i, wiisns (>\ Till' iin;<>\ ii:(M,.iois dF I i 'I'llf pi. I ls.il. -4 lll.ll:ill l.'U II "I 1|... ll.'h.U.i "II'' "I ill'' ' lll''l Hll'.lll . .nll.'^ol 111.- lllllilll- il ill.' r:i. • . Mini ;i >:iiii|«l.' "I llic hiti'i lliiit'ii (I. r.in'1's oil i..(|U..i^ I nil. ^ ill 1 I.' I'ld.-I' linlih' . til.' (i.'.'iijiaii l'>;i\. •■i""'l. Ill 111'' MM.'.'iitli . .'iiiui \ . Ill ill. I""! "T M"Uiil lv<'\ ;il \\ li'ii' <' III lii V "I M.'iiii.'.il i:il\.'- 11^ mini.' . iiii.l >"iu.' ..!' l li.' i \ |>i. a! -kuli> "l il> .'M n.. upiiiN. .•!> well ;is II I II I iiiipl'iii.'iii- aii'i iM'il.'rv I'll III! ii^ ^ii.'. III.' I 111 \s i>rc-.'i \ I'd in iln- iniis.'iiiii ..f Mcdiil l"iii\ ..i^ii\ Tli.' l.iiii'i' I'.'li.'s r.'\ '-ill II" iii"i'' ili^iii li:i<..•!«. w .•!.• (l.'.'..i:ii..I wiili li.'iriii liiiii.' .iinl .iih.'i III. i-.'.l i>;.l l.i II- . ;iii'l lli.'ir I.iIm.. .i-i>i|>.'> ;iii.| I li" liiiiiiil.'- kI' tli.'ir «l;iy li.iw N \\.'i. ;J liiii.'o iii.|.'U iii..i|.ll.'il iiil" liiiiii:ili iilld aliiliiiil r'>nii>^ Tifir ililii|''lii''Mts .1 llllll .ill'l -I. .11.' W .'l.' I'lltl, 1\ iii.l.' Tli.'\ lin.l iiili.'i ii.il ii.iiu'ir.' tliiiii ill.' iiil 1111:1111 il. Ml\ hl;.' :il 1- ; i.ll'l W ll.ll I ll">'' \\ .'I'.' Ill l.'llLlI II -lll"'V-.''i''"lll'' 1 (I''''!''''. l>v illlpj. III. Ill' MIKJ \\.'J|>..|| iiiiiiiil.'- ,iir"i'. :iii iiiiiiiiira. liir. . lli.v pvi/.il ili.' ult. H'.'.liv.' wcajiKii. lull r.i all a|ipi'aiaiii-c, ilii'.iiiLili iiiiiiiiiiiii.r.Ml . .Ill mi. -. ill"' li'l'' "I liuiiiaii liL' lia- .'bli.'.l mi. I ll.iw.'d in llic valli'V II. I d.'>ir.' I'll iiia>l.'iiliL!' Ill'' all- l.i win li il \\a- ilii' 1 11.' M 1/1 w r.'ii. .' a- mipr"ur.'->'U .'U a- .'II I 11.' iii'.'al >l.'pp.'S"l' \siii. SU( li loot prints I 11.' \\ ;ill.|' r.l» ll;i\ Il .'11 ill.' -iiii.U ..r iiiii.' I'll .'iil\ "T ill.' iiii.liaiii:iii!j' r.'.'iirr.'ii.'c of L;'.'li''i'al i"ii> ..| lii''ll a- s .'ar- al 1. 1 . .'Ill iiii.'v . :iiii'' ami pa--''(l awav. lllu>lial inns ol' mil i \ '• .11 ai'' ii'.w \ 'I \ laiiiiliar I" u-. Tli.' an. I'lil ilinl-j>il- ha\ .• Im'.u .'Xpldi'.'d ; and I li.' Hint- i, I'll-' iiiipl'iii''nt- .il waraii'l ih.'. lia-.' w.r.' ilic i'"|i'> lill.j I'.ll'J Il-Il.'\\ II ll.'.llll.'- 1'.''. .'!.'. \\> ill'' In.li.iii l)ia\ .' ]Ii> '1 p.'ar- ami uri'iw li-'ail--, i',:- kn i \ i'>, clii- ll> iind liaiii- iii.'Vv, 111 llllll ami .-t.iii.'. al.'.iiml ri>li-l k>. lam .'> nr -p.'ar-. aw l>. IkmIUius, and oiIi.t ii|«i''iii.'iil- "1 llllll.' a 11.1 d.'.r'- 1 1.1 I'll, a I'' III 1 1.' 1.'-- .'"I'limni. Tli.' lii'^li.'-l .'li'. iil.s dl' arl i-i ii- -kill w.'i'' .■\p''m!.'il ..11 ill.' . ai\ iii'^' .if hi- -Imi.' pip.', ami la-liimiiiiLi' ili.' |iipr--i<'iii. Tli.- p. .11. TV. ill'' W'nk "T r''iii.'li' liaii.l-. i- u-n.'ilh in lli.' -inipl.'-l -la^.' ol' .iiai'-.', Iiaml-inad.', Ill ill'' .-'ill .lax. ,'ir.' ill'' . .in\ .'lli imial r.'iii-.idii'i ions ol' li. lil.' w; llt'TII-. III. i> ill.' 'jia-- "T -I '.aw plaiiiii'j. ..v ;ii iini.-. lli'' :i.i mil inipr.'.— imi- "T lli.' .■(>rd;i'_''.' or w i.'kcr- ik !i\ wlii'li ill.' l;ir'j-''i- .'kiV \.'-<.'l.- w .'i.' Ii.'M iT.'.iK I III -liap.'. 1' I I ..' ( 1 l.'il 111 III.' Mill •.■i..r«^ ili.'X wr. inip.'i I.'. 1 1\ liiini''i iiiilic pnmiin'' kiln liiii i In' p..tl.'r al-o imluiu'.'d li.'r ' .'.- .i| 111. 'II ;iml luiinial-. a- lli.' liamllcs of tin' am \ i.i 1 nil'- in m"il.'lliiiL: ail i-i i. (l.'\ i -llliill.'l w : I .'. "I' I 11'' I' I nil- 111 will' li I in- .la \ i.ihii.i-o-pip.' w II- \\ r. ni Lilil. \.'\ .rlhclc-s ll \..nl i''i 11 ' "111 im'iii liii'j'r"d I'l ill'' 111 -I in ii- priniitiv .' .'-Iiil:.' "f ii''"lil lii' art ; and ils iii.)>t n..ii li'i !i w 'T.' II- iii.l''-t 1 rill''-, mil il w iili ill'- iii'j''iii"ii- lii.mli w "ik "T i In .'-p.'.iiillv w ii Inn i Im i.r.ii ..j ili.- M. w .' ini-- w 1 .1111". I liiii ill'' \ i.t i.- . ii.'li'. ami nil.' in . (iiila.'t '111 11 waiil li.'\.iml I 111' 'jr.'iil ial and mi'l-liiiil.l.'i - II in, Hill. -I iiii].r'i\ .'in.'iii i- ii"ii< iiiK.' in ili'-ir -i"ii' . .n ■. 111^- iiml ih.'ir m. i.l.'lhm^' in.|a\. 1 li.' imn''' arn-i 1.- d.'siLi'ii and 'Ill'l lim-li "I im1n-i ri.'ii- >.iil.-.l • '.niinnnii i. Ill'- iijipar.'iii. SliU I'linli.'r I.I llif soiiili. I li.' .Ii\ .'r-ili'-'l iiiLii'iimi \ "!' lam } i'-p"iali\ in ill.' p..iii'r\ . I- -ii'j'.^-('-n\ "I all inllu.n. mi'' \\ .'-l.'rn l rili.'s w as d.'iiv.'.l ri'.'iii M.\i.iiii ami I'.'nuiaii ail Til.' .arv .'.1 wnk ..1 al-" "1:1 lii.^h.'t 'liara I.'!' I'.iii I ak i ii'j -ii' li \\..rkat 11- li.-l ii .an m it . ..ni pa i'.- in>kill "!■ 1"'" "' •■! iiiiliix. Willi ill" imln-lrial ari- ,,r j;m'.,p,.-.v ii..,,liil,i'' a-v This r."^i..ii has '"''■I' \i^i''d ami .'xpl..ivd 1,\ lain.p, ;iii. i,,,- Inll) tlir •.'iiiiiri.'s ami a hall', diirim^' a '•"■->• p"iii"ii "I w 111' h lini.' ih.'v ha\ .' I n p.'rnian.'iit -.'tih'r-. lis soil has 1 n tiirm-d lip .i\.'r ar.'ii- .il-ii' h w i.h' .'.vii'iii ihai tin- r.-uli. nia\ 1..' a. .-.'pt'-d, with litllc ii>'silalioii, a> iriii-inili.iii- "f ill'' an- and -...ial lii',. .-iil).-,'(|ii,'iit i.i Ih.- ....'Upatioii ol' llie .'onlin.'iit hy n il\ «'A>JAI».\, A TVI'lrAI, l.'Aci: < )|' \Mi;i!l<\N \ l!n|;|ti| \|-; 73 its carlit'sl jilinri-jiinil r,h rs l!ul \\ r lo.tk in vmii Ini r\ id c'lh I' 11 I nil i'\i III! t luiiiv I' < i\ ill- \ IV ( ♦ Zil M'CllI-- llr\rr |>> ||;i\(' III I ;i i llcil lii illlV lli'jluT Uliiyc tllllll wlllll is iinlii ilti'd l»\ >l|r|| i-y id.nrrs ol' M'II Inl (K r|||iiilin|i IIS \\ rlr siidW II ill till' piili^iidrtl liidiiiii Inwii dl' lloiln'Iiiuii ; or al most, in tin- miiii'iil sdi li'iuciils nl' lln; Ohio \ jilh\ . I'In it\ w InTi' tln' aii'ric nil iiiisi only di>-l iiil>s I In' 'jra\ cs id' tlic mivjil:'' IiuiiIit. Tin- cailliwiiiks (d' llir Moiind-r.iiildi'is and siill nioi'i' llirii idiili'j iiial i nil. ail' iiidi't'd silU'li'i'sliN !■ n|' a |ic'ii[>lc ill a >< nidi I ion aiialoii-ons lo I lial o|' I lie aiiririil ihipnla. ,■ ,,[ \.. TlifV disrlosi' only inipliiiii'iils oj" Ihhh', Hint and sIoih'. \\ illi mhii |iiallv ludr loppiT tools, liiiiniiU'Vrd iiilii sliapc willioiit I hi' iisi' of lin'. WoiLiii'j' in ihr uiftaU appiars In lia\ »• Imtii rniihiird to ilir souIIhtii roiiliin'iit ; or, at hast, iiivrr to ha\ r I'oiind iu way iiorlh- ward (d' till' Mcxi.aii i)liiti'aii. Nolhiii'^ Inil the .viilpt iin-d tohiin o-pipi'. or the hidli-r- liisliioncd pottery. i;i\i's tin- siiuhlist hint cd' jnoiiri'ss hi'\ oiil iiil'aiit ih' staL;i' ol' till' tool-inakiT. lint \vhati'\i'r may liavi' Imtm tlu' sniirrr ol' spi. ial sKjH aiiioiiL:' tin' old ai^ii all iiral upaiits of thf ( >'iio \ alli'y. ihi'ir Iro(|iiiii> >iip|>liiiiliTs horinwrd IVniii llnin no aiti>li'' a|)titudi'. No ii'inains ol' its primitive oiriipaiils Liive the .-liulite-l hinl llial tin,' alxn'iiiiiies id' Caiiadii, or of the loiiiil ry immediatelv to the -niilliut' the Si. Lawreiii e, derived any know led tre I'rom the old raee so i urioii-ly >killed in ilu i (in>t luetioii of li'eoniet rieal earthworks, Anv native liiirial-mniinds oi' einliaiiknii'iils are on a >niall oei ale, het ra\ inu' no more than the simplest operations of a peoidi \\ iiiiv.' tiiiiis were mere Hint hoes, and horn or wooden |drk> and sho\ els. W lelTXi'r e\ li h'liee is liuind 'if trui woi'kiiiir ill nietals, as distiiiet Irom the eoliMiainnn'red native eopper, as in the iron toiiialiiiw k, the eo]iper kettles, a I id sil\ ir 1 rosse«. r,To\ eied I'loiu lime to time I'rom Indian yraves, their lliiropeaii ori;:iii is indispntahh'. Sinall siUer Iniekles of nalise workmaii- shi]) are indeed eomiiioM in their 'j'nives : lor a nietaliie i iirreiiey was ^o miinlelliuilde to them that this was the use to which they most frequently turned I'reiii h or hliiu'lish silver eoillaue. I hit not wit list a ml inn' the iieiieral eorresiioiideiiee in arts, hiihits, and eomli lions of life, ainoiiL;' the forest and prairie trihes of Xoith .Vnieriea. tlieir dist iiielive elas^ilieation into diverse doliehoeephalie and hraehveephalie types points to diversily of origin and a miiiiiliiii;' of se\eriil races. So far as the native races of Canada are coii>iileri'd, n has been sho\. n ihat all helonu' to the didiehocephalic type. 'I'lie Alliuvwi. or ^loiiiid- Huilders. on llie eoiilrarv. were a stroiiiily marked hraehycephalic race: and the hitler autau'oiiism hetweeii the two. wliich ended in the utter ruin of the lalter, may have been ori;.iinall\ due to race di^t iiiclions such as ha\e frei[Uent!y l)een ilie source of imi>laeal>le strife. The short uloltiilar head-form, which, in the famous ."^cioto-nioiind skull, is shown in a slronuly marked ivi>ical example with llie loimitiidiiial and imrielal diameters iiearly ecjual, apjiears to lie eoninion amoiiii- tlie sonlhern irihes, siicji as the Osau-es, Oitoes, Misisourios, Shawiioes, Cherokees, Somiiudes, Ui'hees, Savannahs, I'alawhas, YanuLsoesi, I Soo, ir.. 1SS4. 10. t'-f^: '■"'gf -— - / t it\Mi:i \vii,so\ mv Tiir iiii;n\ iiti>.,ir(»is (>r I ('ri'>'k*. niitl iii;iii\ otlin- Tlii'" -•.•iii* i" I'himi In ^ii' li ;i > c.ii\ ci-jviir.'. nl I u «>
  • (iiii'l "■ihlliilll lilli>- I'l llli'JTillii'll ll"lll n|i|">>i|.' r.IiH.v ;|s I lllllllv I- I'olinnlll I.V mill ll olInT ,.\ i,l.ii. ,• III iiMiiM'j till- M*!"". I nl ilii' i|ii.>*iinii :iiic\\ . ilii' I II 1 1 liiT >itrii 1 11' ;i II I I'ii'l may iilsn lie Kill (• iinn'' ii'|«i;ii.il. iliiit ilii' l'.>kimM ■ I II II I mil. :ili«iiij \\ II ll , I'll II ill s|m'. idlijcs mI' its own. i> priTiuiiKMily tli>iiiii fi\ !■ ii«- iln' ihiiilimi i\|'.' Alllnll'j wlllll IIIIIV !"■ ii..'|it<(l lis l\|iirill ( ':illilill;ill NknIN. lllii>,' Cci u\ .Iril llulll till' dill >ii.- nl lii>iliflii'jii mill riniii till lliir.iii n>«.n:irii'^ ini'iiinl l,:ik>' Sinn iii. liii\ r n sin'iinl viiliir Tlii'V r.inr^iiii ilii' ii;ili\ I' Mill' \\ liii ll, iimli'i- \ iirii'U* iiiiiiu's. cvIiihIiiI rimu tin' Ki'Wi'i Si l.iiwivii, I w i-i w :iiil In |.jK( Si t'Inir Tli>' i>rn|i|.' rin niuiliiid Ity CiirliiT 1111(1 ihi' lir>1 1 li'ln ll rXplnl-.r* n| |.'.."..'>. :il|i| lIliiNi' wllnlll ( 'll;im|)|:iill Inlliul M'll|i'-ixi \ -<'iirhi \ i;ii^ l;iiir. npiiciir in liiiv r Im'.'U nl ih-' mhiii' >tiiik Siidi priini- li\i' lihiil iiiiiii.'*. lis Siailii' .piif iiinl Ilni lii'liiLTii. nil' imt A lirniikiii. lull lluri>ii-Iro(|ui>is. Nlltivi' UMilillnli^ :i- \\rll;i- ill.' Illlll^liill^ nl ll|i' illllii>l I''lc'lhll W 1 it "TS. I'OII 11 fill lllls idea t'T ill riipininii \,\ a Ilurnii-lrmjiiniv nr \\\iiinlni |>n|>iiliil imi nl ilii- " i'i"jinii iinrlli- I ii.-i w :iii| liniii ill!' iiimiili nl ilii'Si I.iiw ii'ii. .'. Ml ni- Miiiii'W liiTi' aimii: llif ( I all rii;i> rriillirmcd in tin* iiiivnitivi nl" ilii'ir nwii imin i' lii^imiiiii r.iri I>nn\ .■niati' ("iiiikf ' itiii w liati-\ it rnnlinnii- iiiii iii;i\ 111- IiiiiihI III] iliiN ii.iii\i' 1 iiiiliiinii. ii !•« ii'iiiiiii ilmi tli.' l']iiin|M'iin iul\ riitiiriTS I ni'i' iin |i;iit ill I lii'ir .'XpuUinii ll nni tlii'ir iiiniriii hnin.' Tin' iiUniiu'iiK's. wlmiii .l!iri|iH'H Ciirii'i- IniiiKl 11 prnv|i,'ini|N | jil,. v;i|',. in ill,. slu'li.T I, I tlii'ir pali.oailrd towns, had all vani>lii'il Id-rnri' ili.' r.imii n| ihi' I'li'iii li iindir ('lianiplain ; and tln-y wrM' litiind liy liim ill iii'w ^I'lili'iiii'iil^. wliirli liny had InrnKd lav in ihr \\ i'>i wurd mi Laki- Sinicof and llu' ( ii'iifLiillll I'lllV ' Jiii'-i iniis ,,t I ..ii-iih TiiMc iiiiiTi'^l 111-' iii\nl\i'il ill I Ih' rnn^iili-raiinii nl' ihis miLrra- t i'Mi nT ill.' 1 1 mni)> . Mild I ll.' . IV. iiiiivi;iiir<'^ midi'V w hi. ll i Ih-x il.'-ivli'd i In-ir I'livlii'V hmnf. T!i.'\ w.'Vi' \i-ii.il li\ ( liiiiiiiiliiiii III |i; I'l. Mild >iil>-i'(iiii'ntly \>\ ihr nii>>iniiiivv l-'alhi'rs, \\ lin. ill Wl:'.'.". ii.iiiul ili.ni n. .iipx iirr iliivt \ -i\\ n imlivMili'd \illa'ji'>. Invlilii'd in tin' same liv-liinii M^ ill."-, i!.'-. vi'i.il l.\ ill.' liv^i I'v.'ii. ll «xplnvi'i> al Sliida.niif and Hmhrlaira. Tlii'ii iiuiiil..v> iivi \ MVi..ii-ly .'-liiiiiit.'d. livi'tii'iil' vi'iknind ili.iii.il lliiviv llinii»iiiid ; and • li'M vili.il ill. 'HI ; > li\ iii'j in^.tln V III I..\\ 11- -niii. 11 III.'- nf lili \ . ,-ixI\ . nv 11 hiindvi'd dwtd- liiiii-. -iliMi i-, ..| ilii V jniiv lniiidi'd li..u-.ii..lil.'i-. -mid dilii^fiit Iv riiilivatiiiL;- thrir iii'ld-, iiniu wlii.li ili.y i|.vi\.'d |..nd Ini ili.' w Imh' vi'iiv. Wli.ili'M'V hi'jlii-r tjiialitii'.s ilis- liiiijiii-li.'il ih.' lv..iiiini- IV.. Ill Ali^niikiii nvnili.i iiMii\.' vn.-.-. \\.'V.' Iiilly shav.'d in hy tlu' ll'""ii" :i:i'l 'li.y :i!.' .'vni -pnk.'ii .ilwiili Miiiiiiiviil p.iviialii\ li\ ill. 'iv l'"vi'r.rli allies, Ilk" >;.'j:iiil. II- 11 pill vi.' ill II iivd.'V ..|' -ii\ M.J-.'.-, ill .•.iiiipiivi-..ii w ii h ili..-.' nl' ill.' I'ivi- Nations. \\ h.'ii t i-i \ i-ii.'il l,\ Iv. II. h . xpk.i.'V-. iili.'V ih.iv pi.ii vinhil jniiviny lIiVniiLih tin- di'solatf Ini.'M- l..i\\i.,ii ill.' niiMWii 1111,1 |^;,1,,. liiii'.iii. ih.'ii piili-iidi'd Inwii- and .iilliv iiIimI licld.s 'II""' li-\' -''.'111. '1 Ilk-- Mil ..M-i- III ill,' (|,.-,ri ■j',, ill,. ,.\,. n| ('liiiiiiidaiii." says 'Mr. I'livkiniiii. ;,i-.ii-i.iiii..d I., ill,. ,l,.M,l;iii,,|| h,. liiiil 1,.|| 1.,'liiiid. II -.'.'iii.'d ;i liiiid nf hi-aiily ■".'1 :i I'll III ill II. .■ 'I h.'V.' wii- M 1.1.. lid .ip.'iiiii.j ill I ii,' i..i,-i. li.'ld- .,r iiiiii/i' wiili ]miii|>kiiis '■'i"''i"i'-; "I I'l" >iiii pill. li.- nj -iiii-l|.i\v.'V-. IVi'iii ihi' -,'.•, I- ,,r will, h ill.' Indians mad'' liiiiv-.iil iiii.l III ill. iiii,|-i ill,. |In,.,,|, i,,\vn nf ( hniiiiihii In nil i'--,'iiiiMl pninis it vfscni- hliii iliMi wlmh Caviii'V. n-jlnv v.nrs hfluiv. had srcii nt Mnniv.-al; tlif saiiii' triph" ' ••i-iL-iii M'l.l Tlii.|ili..iiiil lli-t..r> ..III.. W> nil. I. ill-, p. I, < AN \l>\ A rVI'lt'AI, i;Ati; n\- AMi;i;l<'A\ M'.iiliKilM' 78 imlisaili' >>\' I rii>sc(l ami iiilfrMi'itiiii; intMk>. inul lln- siiiin' Inim' li.(li;.s n|' limk. i'ih li i mi- liiiiiiiiii' iiiiiiiy liipii>.'|iiil(ls. Here, williiii ;iii iii>;i >>[ >i:\ly i>r ,s.\ mi v iiiil>.», \v.i> tin' >.';it 111 mil' il' I li>' ihiinI iii\ iiif«' i>ii'(| i.T .sr\ cml ' iiiiliiiii>." iiiiliidiii'j I li«ii Ijii^iikm in iIh- Mtulli. ii> Till' ii.s I,.i1m' l'!iii' iiinl ilii' Niiimiiii ii\ri'. Tln'v liml ili-ii- ciw n inlml ili\ isiuiis, Nlill [ifrpcluiili'd ;iiin»iiy ih.-ir iIim .iKliiniN Tlii- l»iv l'ri«>|>. r N'iin ini SaSiiiiiiiii«ii. a iialivc llunm. iiiHl \\\<- lirst i>\' lii> i'a< < atliiiitlid in ilic injiNtli |. iiiloniis nn- thai tln' lliirniis (>r Lnictii' >till jH'iiM'liiali' lliiii ainii'iii . la>-ilii al inii juId liiur Liiaiidi-s c i.iMpau'iiii's, " (•aril id' \\ III! h ha^ il> li\ i- I filial di\ i>ii>iis nr riaii.-. Iiy wliii li nf old all iiil>Tiiiai riau'i' was I'ru'lllali'd Till' iiHinlurs ut' llif saiiic • laii ii'uaidi'd l IniiiM'h fs a> ludlluTs and siNli'r>, and Ml \\cH' |>iii liidid iKnn laaniau'i' witli 'MH' aimlln'r Tlir Miiall niindiir nC ilir uliolf Itaiid al La .ii-iiin- Liir<'ll>' ri-udiis iln- liii'ial ciiinrri'iiifiit nl' litis iiilf iitiinivMliji' : Iml l|ii> « liildi'i'ii ai'«' slill r lu'ldiiuiiiy In I In* innilicr\ daii i'lif li\ i- ■ iaii> iiiln u liiili li nl till' I'niir < niniiaiiifs i.» dividi'd aii- : -I. lln' jd'ci. Oskniiniili xw lii'ar, Aiiuioltii : '■). 'I'lii' W nil, .\,niiii'iri!(/,fl in \ii\\. Ill isiiinalinii lln- \aliii' nf the li>i> nl' wnnls rmniNlird liv .Iai(|in'.s ('ailitT u| jc hiiiuauc di's pay> i-l U'iiyaulnir> di' Jin. Injaua d Canada, aiiliri-iticnt a|ii>ill<'i' |iar imii^ la nmividli' I'laini'.'" ( >r |||i' (nlldilinll nl' |||c' li-jinll In |||.' \V<'^I nl' ||ii' (IllaWa jninr I n | lie' m ■ Vill I C'lll I ll <'i-iitiiry nnlliiiiL!' is kiinuii limn diri'< i nliMT\ alinii. Iirlnri' <'liani|daiii liad an n|i|iiii'- tiinitv nl' visiiiiiij il. ilir wlmlc rcjinii westward In l/ike lliiinii had ln'cii di'i>n|>iilali'd and ii'dii'i'd In a ih'Mii The la'i ihal lln'l'rw nali\«'s Inuiid liy ( "liani|tlaiii m i u|p\ inij," thf mill' |in|in|niis ii'MJiiii (i| ill,, lint lic|ai:a Indiiiiis wrrr A h^nnkiii^. lia> •rii ill.' 1 hi(d' yiniind I'nr till' as>iiiiiii|inii ijial tin- fXimlsinii nl ilial nid Wyaiidnt sine k was diir In lln'ir htislilily. liiil siirh an iy Wyaiidots nr lliimns, and Seiiei as, snioiiniintr |)eaeealily in se|)arate villages. Thn tradition is va-jiie whieh iiaces the eaiise nf their linstility tn the wrath nl a Seneeii maiden, who had lieell \\ rnllLied in the nhjeet nl her alleetinlis. aild U'ave her lialld to il yniiiiii' Wvaiidoi warrior on the e,,ndilion of his slayinii' the Seiiec a (diief. to whose inilii- eiiee she aserilied the desertion ol Iiei loriuer lover. AVhatever prohahility may altai h to this roinaiiie nl' the Indian Inveis. the traditimi that the llurniis wi'fe driven I'rnni their alleiellt Imnies nil the St. l/lWrellce liy iheir Selleea kinsmen is enllsistellt with ascertained i'aets ; as well as with the later history of the Seiii'eas. who arc Intind |ilayiiiii' the same part tn the 'Iries iindi'r a somewhat similar iiieeiitivi' to re\en. "liT. 7M hANir.l, \VII>oV M\ nil' liri.'cN ll.o'.'lnis nl- I iilik'' (lixiippijiiiil. In'|i»rt' ('li:iiiii'I:iiM \ i^itril tlif KcoMt' t.r ''arlii'i's curlier rxploiiiiinii Tin- Alliwi ii(i;iniiiK«. w li" ilw'lt in lli>' >.>iilli ol' flu- Inli r lnoih- ol llu' lliii'i>ii>. uii tin- K]ii»r«"» i>|' |,;ilx. - niiiiiiiii .iinl l!ii«.iiiii\ li;i\>' rniinnl aiioilnT ol' llu- iiiiliiiii«. nl' iIk' Wvamlnt hlork i'xi»\ ili«'y W'T.' in ilinr Jal.T lioimv iiiiilw av Ii' tw I'l'ii ill' II men* and I in. | in a ^. i In'V -I rn\ !• m \ ^lin lo iiciiilaiii a rtii'inll v III ulialil V. ( liavlisuix a><.iiiii» lli<' yar |ii:>.'i its tli.- ilili' nl lli«'ir i|.'>tiiii timi l.v iln- latt'-iii'\ 111 , iiiii Mil li iiT ill-' Niii\i\"iN !is iiiiMvi.'d III i||i' \i«iiiiiy Wfiv illi (iv|tni;i|i il iiild ill. iialiiiii i.t iln- S iir. a- wli.i la\ ii. ar.'^l l.i (Iniii '1 In Mvii'v \\ I'lr ail"! Ilrr I! Il'.'ll-I I.ii|ll"i* llaticill. \\\\i> a|'|>|.;il- t.i '.i:i\ -• |>.'|s|s|,.|lt i\ In III alunl 1)1.111 ill.' Ita'jih' Tli< y \\i'i.' MTininrls a lifniT ami iimpIi' Warliki- |m.i.|i|i. iIijiu llii' \iii\V'iiiI;iri'iik» ; llry liai'jlii wiili pniMiin , ami \\>V'' i'>lcciiii'i| ..r (li-.-ailcd :i* \\ all ini'^ Tli'ir iiiiiiili 1- iiiii-i li;i\i' I II 1 1 iii>iili'ralih', -iiiii' iIu'V \\«r«' .m uliji'tt (if aj'pri'lh ii>|iiii 111 ill.' ii.iliiiii* i.j llh' I.a-jiiiv \\ Iim»i' \\i-I 'ill riiuilii r» iiiaii li.\\ I'l Till Til" 1 iiiiiil r\ \\ liji li I lii'y 111 1 n|iiii| w a» imli'i! aim'iin- I In' l''i I'm li '(iiin iirs t/i s hm's I'lT II- I;. ii\ l'iir> : .iml lli"\ !^'.'i\i' a.i.mlimjlv In il- j pk' l lir iiaiin' nl' La N'aliniiilii Clial." Tli-ir aiii'ii'iii liniii.. j. ,|il| iiuli, ,ii,.,| jn |||,. nan !' tin' lii'i'al l.ik«' lii-iil.' \\ liji li lli''\ ilw'li i'liii rnr>,i'ii.' iiiiKiinWii i'.'i-nii ilii'\ 1 1 ' III- . 1 1 a 1 1 a 1 1 j a III i ' w 1 1 1 1 I lii' S.'iii-ra.s ainl llii' li'au'iii' njlli.'ii i i.ii|i|.i|- km ainl |m'i i-ln <1 li\ lln'ii \ inliin i' wil liiii •'i'\ <'ii \ lais all. I llii' Hiilnii .(luiilis \\a- kiiil \\a-l.' 'I'. > I In' Mil.'-, a hd In ' ||.. \. iil ■ r mil inn," uy Ailiw I'mlarniik- >a\ - S linnlrriili. ' a., mdiiii! in i ladilinn, lli<' hniiUni> nH'.Ti'd llii'alli'i- iiatn 1- nl' adiiii— imi in in t !ii. I.'.'iuni' nr . xiii'miiial inn ;iu(| ikr >|i'aii<.''''m'-'- nl I lii- prnpn- -llinli w ill di-app":i!, wli.'ii ii i- I', ini'iii 1 1 I ' d I lia I au Iidi.iii iialimi ri"jard> ils.'ll' as nl \\ nr wiili ,ill nih.i, i|.,i in ;i,|ii;i| :illi;iii,-, ■• ■ I'l.:!..., Ii- mid- \Mi- ill.' iiliiiinl.' :iiiii i.r ihi- tniiiidi'V- n| ill. h.iipi.ii- nlii:.ir li\ ; ami. I'm' ln\.T- nl' p..,i. r i>ii -i|. h li'ini- nl' -iipn'iiiai y, till' C/.v/^v /» 7/ \\ nllkl ll'it 111' lllnl'i' dilli. nil In lilld lliall II liaspinM'd 1 1 . I » ' alllnim' I lli' lllnst Chvi-liaii nl l;iii'j'^ In lln' >■■., f \]\,- I'lri,.-. n- nl' li Idn' Wvamlnis nj' Iliirl|i.|a,na, (lif liiiid nipi iii'i' i- a-i rilii'd l.i a w niiiaii'- inijila. aMi- w ralli l'";iili"' I," Mnvn.' wiiil.. 1. 11 ;i iiiis~i,,n n. ih.' < ii,Mnil,i'j;i- in |t;.M. |,':iiiii'd lliai lln- Ii'iMpmi- 1 (.iil'i.d.Ta \ w .1.' r\.i!..il In I'll ly i.'j'^iin-i iln' I'ji.'- \ r;ipl i\ .■ Oimmk.'j.i i lii-'T is i"!!''! Inll;i\" l.iM.n liM"ll al ill" -l;;ki' ;d'|.'V hi' had l-""n nU'rli-d, jin nld i lia In Indian « lls- '"II' '" "II'- "I ill" I'a i" wnini 11 In I, ki' ihi' j>la " nl' l|,i' I, II, ill. T wliu liad Ih'i'II liiuid.'ri' ;i 1 ||.'il;|.'|i.l'i>|i,- illii-lv.ilinll nl' hi,\v ill.' ri'lld- nf a'j'. ■ wi'i'.' p.'i'p •iii:it..d Till' ii',diiin,,.i,| il,,. ||,„|i|.ii- pii'-.T\ I'd lull" iimi'" ilmii ilm I'lirt ''I'l' 'li" I'-''!,'- li.'d p.'i'i-linl l,\ il,,.jr riii_\ I'.iii ;i .|,,iv iiild In Mr. riirkiiiaii Ky a Cayn-.'.'i Indian. ..iil\ In., :,],ily illn-irai"- iln lnd.-nn- r..rn. ilv nl' ilirir assailant,-. It '''•l"'''^"'i''''l ill'" 'ti" iiii^'l" :di"r ih" .ji.ai li.'iiil" in ulii.li ih" Mri"- -ulli'i'-'d lli.-ir linal di'l'i'at 111,' Inr.-I \va- li'jl 1 iq, w ii h nmr.' I 1i:mi a iliniisMiid lin's. at carli nl' whirhaii '■''"■ \\''- '"'"i'-^' >"t'iiir.d nl ilii'MMki'. Th" niiinlM'r i- jinhiddy .'Xa-^' ratrd. ]]ut it is niily thus. ;,- ii Wit,, in ih" Iniid -l.U" i,r ii-. i.,rl urimj- lir.-. that wr catch ii ii'liirip.s.' of I.I'llL'll" ..I li|.- l|.,.|ll.,l». [,. Tl'i, TI... .li'Viilth ill N. ,\iiM'ii. ji. [.. 1II.N..I, • ■\\\|»A A 'I YI'M \r, i; \(i; dl' \MI.|[|( AN \ l;n|;|<;i VMS. 77 tlll^ nil I |l!llii>|| il> il Mlllishftl tVuliI ill.' M clii' or tllr sill V i \ Hi - I he l(|Citt. 1 IIIII||Ih-| Wt'l" :i<|n|.|i',|. Ill I ii|'ilil|;i l|;iliM|| Smut' ni ilii' I :iii|i\\iirks iiK'l with In iln' ^ouih i.l' \..>U>' I'lii.' -]i>>\\ | !> i.i mi;,!, i • i.i|. hlriii live hi I II II It lliiiii iiii\ tliiiiir rniiiiil in < ';iii;mI,. Still innii' itili fi si iii-j uir llii' jn iiiiitiv i> liiiToiilv plii. s III' ;iii ills, ii|>i lull ,, II Cuiiiiiiii-liJiiM's IsJiiiitl. iisitiliiil 111 till' l-;rii'>, ;iii.| wliiili SrlliHilifilll (lisi lllii> a- hy llll llli' iaii>t I'l.lliiH.ili' Wnfk I'f its r|li>s i|il||rltu riilllnl nil ll|i> uMiliiii'iii I'liii till' III, k iiisc I iiiiiMii, iIjiiiimIi |iim|iI\ iiiii riNiiiiM ;,> mi i.\;iiii|i|i' >,[ i; I'vc -ymln>li>!ii mill |iii (oiriiipliii u iiiiiil;, lliinw > im liulii mi i li.' Iii-tm \ uj iis i^ivci-.; uml lit'llli'ir l;illUll:lli'' no llirllliill;il is li'i ii\ iT;ili|r, I'lir lIli'V llinl > imm'iI in ixisi II. ImI.' ill,. uiTiil |:iki' wliii II |ii'i|i«l ii:il,'s llii'ii iiiiiiii' \\;is kimuii In iIh' j'r. in |i ^|nii' ;ir, iinili' iiirnriii:ii mil lii- | n ]ii',.s,.i\ nl III nl'i'ii'ii, ,■ lu ih,' I! iiimis. iiiimiiu' wlmiii ill,' .Iisiiii |''iii lii'is hiltmii'i'il wiiji s,||-(|,|i\ jn.j /,;,|, Irniu ihih' iniiiu,' ii'imiiiiiM- tin- ii'Mill«i ill llii'ir " l{i'l;ilinii>" lo iln- I'mv iiii i.il nf i||,' i iii|,i ,ii i'.ii is iin.' ,,r i h, iii,.st , llMlMilrl'islic ri'liuimiN ii'l'i-lllnllii'S nj' tin- jllirnlis W.is ihr ni.Ml ■ |'i,,s| ,,1 tin' ill Mil. < I'll- Idiiltil iippiirt'til ly ill iiilt't\ iiU nl' twi'hr yi'.iis, wlim tin- n-iiiiiiii^ nl ili, nr miinii' 'Jill' I 's, mill ili'piisiinl aiiijil ij.iii'r;il iiinui'iiiiin' 111 ll|i' lili';,l ' I'llli'li'iy nl' lllr llliiiv \ ;illl;ili|r Inlirs ;i||i| |n|s piil|,M'\, ,iiplii'|- ki'llli's nnj nllii'l's III' till,,- I Imni'sl pn>M'ssinlls. ilh I lid i Ml; I lir p\ ri||:i', nj- |;i|^r I Inpjriil sj|,.||s |i|mMu|iI llnlil tin- (!llli nj' Mi'xirn. willl \\ :illl plllll, pl'i/.ii I illlpli'llK'lll s. ;i ||i| pit's, ,||,i | nM|;i llli'llls, wi'ii'iill ilimwii illln tin- iirriil Iffinli. wliirli \v;is ilhii s,,|,.iiiii|\ , ,i\ ii,,| ,,\ , i |',\ ||,,, I'XplnlMlinll nl' lllii>i' Illll'nH nssll;i liis, lllr si|,.s ,,1' l||,' p,, 1 1 >,,, lr,| \ lll.i'j.s ,,1 ||,, ||i||,,||^ ,,|' IIh- >r\ rllli'ililli ii'llllliy ll;i\i' linll 1, lili 1 i li', I III |.-, .-Ill \,';.rs; mi,| ll|,r,. mr l|ii\V pii'si'i \ I (I ill ill.' I,;i\;il I iii\.r>ii\ .ii f^iiiilii', iipw ,iri|s III rj.jhi \ sKnIjv i .■, .,\ .t,..! ji,,),! .■.'iiicii'ii.s 111 Si. lu'iiiii-.'. Si .ln:i, Inn. Si.' M:iii.'. St \Ii, Im. I. ;iii.| i.ili,'i \ill.,'^,s. ||,,. .sit'lU'.s (»r .si'lt'-iji'iiv'Mu' liiliniir. imd ill sum,. , .,s. s .,1 i|i,'.iii,| 1,111 in iir.'s, ,,| |||,. |'i,ii,li inls>i(i|lllli<'s li\ \\ linlii |||.'\ \\.l,' llllls d.'si.jli.ih'.l. ( >l ll-l .•\;ililp|,s ,.|' sUiills ri,,|ii ill,. Miiin' nsMiini.'N, i ni.iy :idd. iiir imw in 1 li,' iiius,.iniis ..j ih,. T iii\ .isii y nl Tninni,, 1 h., L, .ii.|.,ii .'\iilliiiipnln.jii;il S'i, ii'l \ . .nid I li.' .1.11(1 in d.'s I'l ml-.- ;ii r,,iis '|'||,. skulls r... ..\ ,•]■<, \ IV. .m lliusc (isMiinii's li.'i\ r 11 s pi '.ill I \ ill ill' I In 111 |lii' I'll i I I liai 1 h.' I;is| snr\ i\ nis \\ . r.' dm . n i.ul nl' llic < tn.'s in ji'ilH: mid li.'n. ,• lli.' . r:iiii,i i,,ii\,,|.i| Irnm ili,.iii iiiiiy 11,' ii'lii'd upnii iis I'iiirlv illii-i i;ii in-j ilf physi.Ml , li:,v:i. i.'iisii.s ,.1 ili"i., ,■ Il.Thii' lll.'V llinl I).. I'll illli'.l.'d li\ illl.T. .nils.' Willi l']innp.;i||s '111.. Iluvnll sKull is nl ;i W.ll dcliiii'tl diilirli.i..'pli;ilir lypi'. willl. in niiiiiy .iim's. mi innisu:,! pi,iiinii,'ii. .• ,.1' ili.. (iiiipiiiil I'l'Li'iiiii ; till- imrii'liil Imum's hh'cI inur.' nr l.'ss ^i i;ii mi'^l.' ;it ili.' >:i'jiii;il .sniin.' ; ill.' Ini'.'li.iid i> lliit iiiid r.'.i'diii!i- : tin- .siipi'i-.ilimy iiil'.^..s in ih,. m^Ar sKnl], ;,!,. s||.ii|M|y d.'\ .'lti|i.'d . ill.' iinihir linii.'.s ni'.' Iii'uiid iiiid Ihii.mi.l lli.' pmlil.' is nil Imi^iMi In.' (':ii'.'rnl iii.'ii.suri'iii.'iil> nl' lliiily-nin.' nnil.' >knlls yi.'ld i' iii.';in Inii'^ii n.lin;il ('.i.nii.i.'r nl 7 •'.'■' in a pmi.'hil diiiiii.'lcr nl' ."i.-'iH : mid nj' I'iLihli'.'ii I'l-nial.' skulls, ii l.iiiLiil iidin.d ilimiicl.T nl' 7 n7 In il ]);il'i('till diiinii'lt'l' nl'.'i.liJ. Who wiTf the |n(ijd<' Iniind liv railirr in }■>'■'>■'>. sii'iiiinyly Imi^ Miil.d and iiins- IMToiis, (iccui)viiiu: Ihc t'ortilicd iowiis nl' Stiiilinnin' iiiid irorhi'Iaun. iind ln\\ ,'r pninis nn Ilii'St. I.Mwri'ii. .' .' Tin- (|U<'.'stioii is iiol willmul a sp.'ii.'d inlcn'sl lo Caiiadiiins. A<-.^- in ' in.sli.ry of till) Iniliiiii 'IVIbos, vol. ii, p. 75>. • " Iliinm Hai'o ami lloail-rorui." Canadiitu Jmu luxl, N.S., v.il. xiii., j.. ll:i. .ji**. 78 hA.NIKL WILSON ()\ TUK IH'H(>\-imH,»r()IS ()!■' / I the iiiiliv Wyandot lii-ii:in. tlicy wen- Wyaiulois or Huroiis, iuul St'lit'ciis. Thai tlioy wi'if lliii(iii-lii>(iu(>i>, at aiiv rati', and not Alu'onkins, is readily dclcrniincd. We owe to Carlicr iwo lui''!' \ cM-abulaiirs ol tlirir lanuiiaui', whicli, tliouiih olisriircd probahly in tlu'if ori^iinal iiausriii>i ion, and fun iiptrd l»y lalsi' transiilcraiions in llo'ir transi'crcncc to th.' i>n'», lr;i\r iio dniilit thai I In' pciipli' spoke a Ilnron-lro(|iioi.- dialfcl. To wliich of ilir di\ i--'oiis il lii'l.uiLi't'il is nni so ol)vinns. Tin- lanii-nay-rs. in llif \aiions diali'its, diU'cr onlv sliuli'l^ m niosi dl ili.wnrds winch Carlicr yivcs. Sometimes llicy aiiTce with Unroll, and soiiiciinies with licMpmis c(|nivalents. The name of llocliida'ja, "at the hoaver-dani.' is llnroii. and the nun'cnient as a whoh' prcpoinh'ratcs in favor of a lluroii raliier lliaii an lri>(|Uois dialet t. H it tlierc was prohuhly h'ss tliircrcnee lietwccii (he two tlicii, than at tlic more reiciit date- of ilicir comparison. In (lealiiii-- with Ihi.s important brancli ol' pliiloloiiicai .'n idence. I owe to llie kiiuliiess of my friend, Mr. Horatio Hale, a comparaii\f analysis of the vocabulary supplied hy ('artier, emhodyinu' the n>sulls of long- and . arefiil sliidv. lie h;.> lamiliarized him.self with the ilnron langua^-e by personal intcveoiirse u iili mcni!)ers of liie little l)aiiil of civili/.ed Wyaiidot.s, settled on their reserve at Anderdon. in WestiTii Ontario. Tlie laimuaiic tiiiis preserved iiy them, after lonii' separa- tion from oil.ci members of ,he widelv sciitlercd ra< e, probably iiresents the nearest aiii>roxiination to tiie orii'inal forms of the native toiiiiue, as spoken on the island of Montreal and the Iow.t St. i.awrence. In the foUowiiiii' comjiaralive table the Wyandot e(|nivaleiils to tlie words liiriiished in Carticrs lists :ire placed aloni;- side of them, so as ti> admit of easv comparison. The resemblances which are dis<'ernible to the exjierienced philolouist may not sirikt' the Lieneral reader with the like force of conviction. Allowance iias to lie made for varieties of dialect anioiiu' the oKl occupants of the lower valley of the St. Lawreine, and also for the changes w roiieht on the Huron lane'uan'e in the lapse of liirce and a half centuries, not simply liy time, but also as the result of intercourse iiiul intermixture with other p.'oph s. The habit of recruitinu' their numbers by the adoption of prisoners and broken tribes loiild not fail to ex(M\ise some inlluence on the common lonutie. The /,■ or hard y of (.'artier is, in the Wyandot, fre(|Uently softened to a // ; and on the otjier hand, the // i> streini-thened by a ^/ .sotmd. as in Cartier's pregnant term Ciimulo, the (dd Iloihelaua word lor a town, which has become in thoAVyandot Xamlald : and so in other instances When ih'' >pcilinu' ol ( 'art icr's words varies in dili'ei-cnt phu-.'s or editions of ills nairatix I. tile \arioiis loiiiis arc JiiTe i^iveii In \. ritiiiL! I he W vaiidot words the consonants are used wJili ijnir I']iu:lish sounds, exicpt lliat the / is i(t be i>ronounced as m j-rciicli ( I (I'liiuii-h 111 ■ aV.WX' '). ami fi lias tlie soumlof the l''rench nasal //. The vowels lia\e liiesaiiie souiuU a- 111 llaliaii and (Jeiiiiaii. Some of the Wyamloi wovds placil in th.' ioliow ing lists aloim-side of those furnished by ('artier ■.\\■^^ mil. as will In' se.'ii. iraiisfoniiatioiis of the old forms, but svnonvms, or ecpiivalenls now in use (lihei-.. howevi'r. show the chaiig.'s which have taken i)lace, uiulev ihe novel i i r.u 111-1 a iie.'s wliich have affect ed the scaltere«l Ilnron fu<>-ilives in the interval of up\var!• AM KRK'AX A1!()|}I(;1M'> 79 A CoMrM.'ATivK V()('Aiiri,Ai;v ok wok-ds in tiik •• L.wiir v(!f, ok ITocuiei,A(;\ and Canada," as c.nKN uv ("aktiki!, and 'I'liKCDUKKspoNDivii woi.'us in i'iik LANorAdK iiKTHK AVAaNDdT (oI! WkNDAT) INDIANS WKSIDlNd ON Till-: l.'KSKliV K IN I'IIK TdWN- aniv ov Andkrdon, neau A.MiiicusTiuuti, Ontakio: llv Mi;. IIOK'ATU) HALE. ('.Ml 11 Kit. \V^ ANIiol'. One s('i;;i(l;i, scciita Two liniii'iiy, lii,'iiciii Tluvf iM'Ih", liasclii' I'^our liDiiiiMC'oii, liomiiici'oii. Kivi" iiiisci,,! skill. ()Mi(li. slicnk-. (Ifik, PT ink'ik. Si.x iiiduliir, inik'iic waja. or wayfi. Si'voii I avaifa. aiai^a I>iitai'i'. T'''.!i'lit adilcLjiio. adii^iK' atoiv. Niiu' j iimtlolloii I'lilroM. Ton 1 assi'iii alisi^n, or asun. Twenty ' tonditawfilison. Thirty ' .-lionkiwillistM One Iiundi'i'd skatanu'n tlioiisand ' saui;\vat. Head ai:;L;omy,y, a<;i;oiii'sy, aixoiiazf, au;!;iiii/,i. aye.--kutan (in\- li.) roiohead '■ lioljiiicnyascoii. yi'yonlsa (my I'.) Eyes lu'ijjata, iK'ii^ata, i^ata \alikwi'fula. I'lai's j alioiitascon ychonta. yaonla (my i'.) Alouili ! t'scalu' yoskaroiit (my m.) Ticlh csiioiin-ay yo-konshya (my t.) Tohijjiu' osuaclu'. I'Miaclic yciida.sliya (my 1.) Face I lioooiiascoii ycyoiisliya, yi'vofi^kc (my I'.) Hail- ! aji;iiniscoii, ai;oiiiscoi: ayoi-ii>liia (my li.) Arm : aiayascon ycya'sya, liajaslia. Ht'lly osclu'lu'iick-i yosi'iin'ula (my li.) .Li'ij I a,i;'oii,i^iU'ni'lioiiilo yi'iionta (my 1.) .Foot ; oiicliida.sci'n, ot'lu'da^io va^liita (m\ t'.) Hand ai^noasi'oii, aniiasion vorasa. Fiiif^t'f.-- ; nutMioi^a y^'.ii'y'ivi' liiingia. ^'iiil-* atlH'da.scoii O'la, yi'Olila (my ii.) Mil n . a.n'iU'lian i-miu' {lioui'i), lia-i-yaliiiu ('■'>.) oniaii lioy ... ta yawits'molia. t'xiasla sliirdia. atlia. alia rasin II. i(i>r osi/.y ami" . FlosI, I'i.sl. i|iialioiia>ron niicion Nauiliisii. or Islvailiisli, owrdiira. veMlsofi. N|iiirr( Snake W..od Li'iif . . caioirnom iililax I. iid('iiiu'/.y (iv)//A'»rn) lyiigcnlsi (siialvc). Diida 11 1 all la (wood), yaronia (Ircc). lioii'a, lioiiiia. dralita. I 80 l>\Mi;i, WIISON ()\ Till", lil'itON iluxjUois oj." A ('(nii'Ai:\i'ivF. \(n'\i!i i,m;\ of wouns vAW—CoiiiinunL f MMlK.lt. \VV AMiOT. Knit;' Ilalclift .... J^nv AlTilW IVor IlillV J)oi: Td-llKUTdW lh'a\iii .... J-:artli Sun .^[lllln Star- Wind T aui>lir.la ailil.i:;!!!'. a'«oi;nc aluiia alu'iica ... i|ii:iln'lalii waiufi'.iii'a. tllVl'. ohila. I ''(1111 hi. Man.l Mnuiilaiii J(v Snow C.M A\ ai'ni Fiiv lloii^o 'I'mWII My laiiuT My iiimiIkt _My l>i-utlirr -Mv >i-.ti'r ai"nni'-~i.i (^-la;^'\ a~(|iicni>uilii ^ijcn'") skannfiilofi (ilciM'). >"iiiliain.la tariynnyaiia. "ri'' y" y any (.'no' . ii'-li'.'li^ asjiitak. <|in'iiliia yafiifiya. ''■'ii',-a dinlol (oarlli), unicnlsa (worM). .vMiay yan.lislira. ■'-~"''i:''i'' •■ wa^ur.d'yi-yandislira (iiii^lit-sun.) ."i-iu'liMlKun ti^liyiifi. rahniia, caliena. calKuia ^•all^a. jiikwas. at:Mi:a-y. au^n^a-y UMtaro. tarijfiyo. '■"1'''":' yawunda. "-'"■''■• onmita. onuntija. li""ia'-(:i ll(li^lll•a. ^■•"''-■' difiycnta.ilinyclila. f;illi;'i" lure. '"l:i>'aii. .Mlay;in tariliaati. azi-la, a-i-la tsisia, t>liis(a. 'an(jrii:i yaniifi-lia. faiiada vandfiia. addaihy liai>la, liaNl ailai;aliiio, adliananc a'Maixnin in. aiMiiia-.ciir. a'|i|a-iiH' -'IdlH' "■^i"-- Ilh-vl, ■|'olan-l, 'I'm .laiir, .Mv IVirn. ralii'/.rni Jiiin .. Cliin . Ni-li) Dav... nil' li'ci thud. ai|i:i.l\ aiiuan, ana en. iisKwanian. towariwak'wc. liyt'^liwatamli, yt'iidiawa. nyatci'u ( I'l iond). vt'takc, liaralilal. a,i:'MiiKiiia li iivnwuiifns. iilK'iia aili'valmn aiiiu'ild;i wasuntfyi'. nifti'\e. nicnlaliaiin liandcliia. i AMi'ii'-hauiplai,, !ul|,,u... i!,.. XV .dl-rnrl,li..s had .lisai.i.,.a,v.l, aln„n- \vith tiinr Luildci-.s ami (ho f.-w or,u,.,,,,sn|,.pln.n.rallMnh-l,avkNviu-uam. lHdn,,nv.lt..a.,othi.rra.v. Ila,! hr h.vn .uri-ms ;•' I' ■•"" ""■ l^'is .d an i.v.ul. th,.., sn n,-,,.,. ,h,,v r.M.ld hav- h,..,. no dilliruhv in rorov.M- i"g th. hiMory or th. ,.xo,lu,s o| .h. 1 1,„ h.lao.Ms. Ih.t it ha.l no inU-,vst f,.; the Fivn.^h afIvi'nlur,TS(d' llmf ,hiv ; and ih. id,. iiiosi gonorally favoured by n\cQni writers ascribes it--.'j»By*rcr-. '■«>-'r-i;' fANADA, A ■rVIMCAL IfACK oF AMKK'ICA.N A I'.ol.'KIl \ i:s. 81 tlu' cxpuLsion ol' ihe AVyiiiulol.s, or lliivoiis, from tlicir jmcicul liom.- in eastern CniuKla, to the i\li>'oiikiiis. This, as already shown, is irreeoiicihible with the fact llial Chainplaiii found them, in the he^inninj:^ of the seventeenth century, in friendly alliance wiili the Litter against their common foe, the lro(iuois. 11, however, tiie AVyamlol tradition of the expulsion of the lluroiis from the island of ^Montreal by the Seiiecas be accei)tod as au historical fact, it is jn no dci^ree iiKonsistent witii the circumstances std)scquently reported by Champlain ; but rather serves to aicount for some of them, if it is assumed thai the Senecas were, in their turn, driven out by the Al^'onkins, ;nid then liiially wiilidivw^ beyond the St. Lawrence. lUit there is another kind of (>vidence bearimi' on tlie (piestion of tiie aliiiiities of tiie people lirst met with by ('artier in l")-;!."), which also ha.s its value here. I have carefully compared the skulls found on the ancient site of ilochi'laga, and now preserved in t ho Museui\i of ^rcCiiil Itiiversity, with some of th(> most vervwhere with the roots of forest tr(>es. Tt was the Huron-Irotpiois system of military eiiLiineering, in which thev contrasted favorably with the Algonkins. among whom the abst'uct' of such evidence of settled habits as those secure defences supplied, was diaracteristic of tl.'ese nulor nomads. lUit such urban fortiiicatioiis no less strikin<>'lv <()ntrasl with the elaborate and enduring military earthworks to the south of the great lakes. The pottery and imjilements found on the site of Iloehelaga are also of the sann> character as many examples recovered from Ihe Huron ossuaries. On the other hand the peculiar rites, of which thos(> ossuaries are the eiulurinii' memorials, appear to have distinguishi'd the western llurons from the older .settlers on the St. Lawrem'e. The ureal b'east of the Dead, with its recurrent -olemni- tn when after the lajise of years Ihe remains of their dead were exli iime< or rcmovei from uMr s kindred Attiwendaronks. k'estering dead bodies wer<' kept in their dwidlings, ])reparatory to scrai>ing thi^ llesh from !lieir bones; and the deleaving remains of recently buriinl corpses were exhumed for reinterment in the great trench, which was prcpariHl with enormous labour, and furnished with tlie most lavish exj)eiuliture of their prized furs, wampum, and other j)ossessions. ociely unavailing sorrow has tempted the survivors toextraA'a- sumptuary laws have been in a 11 ag esam Istat es o| s anl excesses m I lie ello rt to do hoiuiur to the loved dead ; and rejM'atedly enacted to restrain such demonslralions within reasonable bounds. "The IJook of Kites " sulliees to show that tho Iroqirois had, in ancient tinu's, funend rites, no doubt of the same revolting and wasteful character, until their mythic reformer, Hiawatha, super- seded them with a simpler symbolical iuner.al service. •' I have spoken of the solemn event I 5hh'. ;i!., i.'si. 11, 82 liAMI'.l. WILSON n\ TIIK IIUIHxV lH()(iI()IS oK i \vlii'!i li:i- iM'Tiilhu vi>H." nil' till' iiiliodiulory w^ids lo llic iliirici-nth ]>!U'ii!iTapli of '•|ho Coiuloliiiii' ("oiiiiril." ;iii(l it thus prorctMls : " Mvi-ry day you iirc losiuii- your ureal men. Tht'V ail' liiiuti" b. vih' iiiio llu' I'arlli : al>o Ihc warriors, nud also youi' woniru, and also your u'rand'liildr.'ii : >n ilial in \\u' iiii(Ui ol'lilood you inv siitiuu'." It is ilicri'lorc cnaitcd, in. tlir iwi'iil \ -^cN I'liili icnnu'vapli, rvidfiitly in liru of oMit praiiiics : " This >li;dl he done. ^Vl' will ^u^pfnd :i poui li upon ;i poh-, and will plaiun. somo short sirinns. lo h- lakiii lo llir jihn «• where the loss ^\ ;is .sullerrd. The hearer will enter, and will siimd hy ilie heailh. and will si>eak a lew words lo eoinl'ort tliose who will be inouriiin -liil. aniouii' the Indians of the Six Nalioiiv, ih,. iKhier id' the de;ith of ;i chii't': as a belt of blaek wainpuiu was a deelaralinii nf w :ir. li ^cenis to nie in. I iinpiobnble that the peoph' of Sladaeoue ami Ilochelaua had ^ul)iuiii''d lo tin' wis" >o(i:il mnl iidinious reforms bv w hit h theanejenl rites of tlh'ir de;icl w cic >upeisi'<|rd b\ the s\nibiili>iii of I he nii 01 1 niii!i' wauipuni ; autl h.'iiei' ihi' ali-riiir (i|' ossiiarirs t liroiiLileiut the ishmd of Mont real, and I he w hole re<;-ion to the eii-t lliii wln'H ili<' fiiL:iii\e Wvamlois llrd into the wildenie>>. iiiid reared new hollies aioiiiid l/ike Sini'oc iind in the wt-^tein peninsula, ihev mav ha\e revived traditional iisaLi'es of thi'ir falliei-^, ;ind tounied the ri'\ oliinii' rites \vhiih had been relueiaiitly abiiiidomil. .\inniiL;- tin' ci\ilixed fndiMi- ol'tjii' Six Nations, some memo- rials of nn. i<'ni rii.'s of the driid viill Mir\i\e. \ visitor to \\u- vrsfrvr ut the time (d' till' lb';. th of the l;,t.' hi'jliiv est crin. d i li i>'f. ( I Lie .loll n-ou. t( dil me ihat oil the event b^'iiiLi' kiiow 11 it \\,i,- immediately ivv|„,iidi'd to by ;dl w it liiii lieariiiii' b\ the pr(dom;-e(l ntteralle,., ill :, lilMllllllllI lolU'. of ill,, riy /\ir,, ;ili(l this. p;i.->.i HLl' floUl station to Stlitioll sodii >iiiva(l th-' ii.'W- of ileir |o>^ i lii-oiiu-lioui ihe y.'>i-r\,-. Xciirly the .same sound, uttered ill a . N.'Veit hel,'>s, w hile the .■videm e apjicMis, on the wlnde, to justil'v the assiimpiion that the five Nalion.s w.mv a .list iii.i proole from the ^\■yandots to the north ,.f the St l.awivmed.dore ih,. arrival of Caiiier; it seems most probable that tlm SlLle iln,|Uol,.. who ,11 a hll.T.lale piUMled the lllirollswitll Sllell ivh-llt le.s.s fuiy, WerO the d.vasiatoiv ,,l the ivoinii weMwaid to the head of Lu|-e||e. il roipioi- is Hot without its spoeial iatere>t. t)i 10 lt:4s, 1 ia,> limjeivd tili our ow i (^leb.e IM pre.verve in punt \ l lie l,|o,„l o| ihe old I-,,,.,.. Ill,", le rep;T,s,.iitatives of the refuLj;-ees from thrt massacre of l>roximity to the fren.li /mhi/n/i/s of n da\ . Ill t oo close Whleli tiuie and in!e!-||liM maiiv nil elleelllal ;|.s \v , two hundred and il Hie ,\i||i ,1,,, ^vllile r a- phvMeal nails of their orieiiial stoek u'leal as are the alterations lee liave elje, led, tliev still retail! liny-six years, duriiie- which, intimate inten intermarriaii-e wiih those of ]•; ■r an interval of ■our.se, and latterly frequent uropeai; blood, have wroiii-'ht inevitable (dian^v on tin race lier luoic \ 11.N.1-OI1S repivselllatives ( d' tile ,,1,] Huron stoj>i,ti„;ii. M tV\X.\I>A. A ■I'VI'lt'AI, l.'ACr, ol' AMKIMCAN A I'.Ol.'h ll Xi:S. 83 lias Ix'cii ilcrivcd wliiili is ciiiitldyi'tl iihovc iis ii Icsi ol' llic Iniiuiuiii'c of tlu' llorhclnLiaus in tlu' sixtcriitli (•(•iiluiy. JUil llu' lluroiisol' I.oicile linvf also jncsiTvcd their iiiiti^i^ loniiiK' : and even siicriuiciis — if nol indt'fd an ampli' vo> nhiilarv,' — oi ilu' oldor loiiii of llioir hiiiLruiiuc sni'vivo, I'mni w liith sonif illuslratioiis an- addiitcd hdow. A third uiodi- licalion of the aiuiiMil toiiuiic ni> douhl exists; I'or the laru'er renuiani of the .siirvi\ ons of the lliiidns, alter repeated wanderinii's, is now set tied, fa !■ from the native home of th(( race, on reserves eoneedeil to them hy the American Cioveinment in Kansas. The Unrolls have thus, for the most part, disappeared from Canada ; imt ii is not wilh- oiil interest to note that the revolution which, upwards of a century ayo, severed the foniiection of the old. colonies to the south of the St. Lawrence with the region to the north, restored to Canada its ancient Inxpiois race. The confederation of the Five Nations is traced l>y Mr. Hale, in his " lro(|uois IJook of ]{ights," to I liawatha. whom he reclaims from liOiiiifellow's iraditional association with tln' Ojibways of Lake Sup rior, and literally idenlilies as an Onoiidag'a chief of rare saiiacitj', the beneliceiit reformer of his peui)le. In Lonu'l'ellow's version of the '' Indian I'klda, " he refers to ii as founded on a tradition prevalent among tho North American Indians, of a person < I' miraculous birth, who was sent among them to clear their rivers, forests, and li>hing iiiids. ;ni(l to teai h them the arts of peace. That the legi>nd of "a Prince of I'eace " in any form sluMild have been ]>erpeiiuited among tribes ]>ersisteiitly devoted to war as the main business of life, can only be accounted for by a growing sense of the misery brouuiit on themselves by hereditavv feuds whicli wasted their num]>ers. and exposed their families to treacherous massacre, or to the most barbarous tortures. Hut the Hiawatha Iradiiion a]ipi>ars to belonti' to the Ini(|Uois. amon!^- whom there arose ;i wise teacher lo whom Mr. Ifale ascribes the avowed design of a universal federation of his race, iinder which peaci^ sh(mld evi'rywhere reit^Mi. ■'Such," .^ays this latest historian of iheii- leaiiiic, "is the l)ositive testimony of the Iro(piois themsehes, and their statement is siipportcd by historical evidence." ' No interpreter of Indian philology or tradition is more dcserviiiL;' of respectful con- sideration than ]Mr. Ilah>. whose valuable researches have thrown a Hood of lieriod of their history, 1 lind it dillicult lo reconcile the idea of such a lar-siiihtcil philanthropic ret'onner w ith the social condition of the liibes known to have ccunjiosi'd the lro(| uois conlederai •v. Neverlh tin leai:ui lro(|Uoi.s IS in undoubted f; The live iril >es or nation- wen' members o f th imous aiiiionsioni or leauue o llellcel'ollh bal (led tou'ellieras f the united households. Of its peace- ful fruits, except in so far as it pr •vented internal lends, we h; i\ I' no e\leop|e. iiiiioiani of any o f I In i\v{> indi speiisa Id. tl le merest mill! V 111 civilixatioii. Ins race mere avau'cs quired the maslery ol 11 a re lion eipial in exteiil to Central Miirop and hv a .\s|elll of warfare, not. after all, more inlieiciit Iv barl larous or ri'i klesslv blolll IlK'llt ol till Till' liiii'oii viiraliiiliuy iiii'pan'il l>y llu .Ic-iuit I'atlici-, ('iKiiuuiiiiet, i.s, its 1 liavr ivroiitly Iwiliu'il, .■< till in oxist«iK'o, aii.l will, 1 lieiw, Ihi .siR'Oilily imMisliod, iiuiloi tni>tuortliy oi.litoriaI suiK'.ivisinii. ' Tlio Ir. (juois Book of Rites, p. •22. \ 84 l>.\Nli:h \VII,Si>N ON^ I'lll' lirUON lI.'Oi^H'OlS OF Mi>si>sil>l'l Tlhir lllllllrlhi' urtjUllvd ;i ||.i\i'l ilupol'l illlrc wlli'H, ill the s •(•lililmly iiisiu'- iiilitanl ii\ alri.'s ol' ImchiIi and ICiiiilisli I'm-I radiTs. tln'y ])iii(li(ally dftriiuiiicd tin- l»alau< 1' (•!' piiw rr lici w I'lii the I w d Inii'iiiosl iiaiioii>(>r J'luroiic oil lliis cniitiiiciil. Tln-ir iiidoiuitaldc |)filiii;nii \ i)r(i\i'il iiKirc lliaiia iiialili aliki- li>r I'lurojx'aii diplnmary ami luilitaiv >kill: ami. as ihcv iiiaiiilaiiifd aii uik n:ii|iii'iiiisiiin- lidslility li> tlic ImcikIi al a liuii' win 11 I h-' ri\ al iii|iini>!> \\ itc in 'ally <'(|ually halainrd. I hi' I'ailiin' o|' ilir iiiaiiiiiliii'iil mIh'UH's i>r i-iiiiis X 1\' and lii> >iir((ssi)i's, to (■>taldisli in .North Aiiii'iica mhIi a .su|n»'niary as Chaih's \' and I'liili]! 11 inid Indd in Mrxiio aixl I'ciii. i> laiucly liaccahh" to lliriii. It is naliiral thai ilo' A iiu lo-.\ nniii an siiidriii of history >hould cNiiniatf hiii'hly the polilv of sa\a'ji' waiiinis who tjnis toiled tin' srhfun-s ol' on.' ol' tlu' most powi'i'l'iil inoiiaic'hiis <■! l",uroi>i' lor the iiiasi.'ry of this con lim 'ill. The lain lion. L. II. Moru'aii thus "Writes of ihcni: 'Th.'y arhirscd I'or ihciiiscU cs a more rnmarkahlc civil organization, and ac(|uirc(l a liiii'lnr dciiicc o|' inlluciicc. ihanaiiyoihcr race of Indian liiicaii'c i'Xt'<'|i( those ol' Mc\ii'o and rein. In ihe drama ol l]uio|iean ctdonizatioii. they stood, for nearly two ci'iii 111 ies, w iih an unshaken I'roiit. auainst tlie devastaiiiMis ol' war, I he hlinhtinn- jnlliieiice (if I'oieiiiii inleicouise. and the still nmie latal encroachments of a restless ami advainiiiL;' holder jiopiilat ioii. I'mhr their I'edi'ial sy.xtem, the liiKjiiois ilourished in imh']irndence. and i apahle of self-iirotect ion. Ioiil:' al'lerlhe New I'hiuland and Viriiiiiia races had suriindered their jurisdictions, and I'alh'ii into the condition of dependent iKUioiis: and tin y imw stand forth iiiioii the cainas of Indian historv, prominent alike lor the \\ i-doin of tlnir civil iiist itntions, their saeaiity in the administration of the leairue, and their couraec in its defeiic,' '' ' Ihil in this the historian aj)plies to the Iroquois an l]iiro|iean siand.'inl, similai to that hy which rrescoit uncoiisciouslv nnii tin' 1 lodenosauin'ina. or Koiionsioiini. the fanioiis leae-ue of the Long H'Mise. or I iiiteil Hiius,lnild^. may perliai>s. in oiic sense derive an increased value from llie fact that its ori'^inatiirs riiiiaiiied to tin- last mere savai^-es. lint it is. at an\ rate, impmlani to k' . p the lad in view, and lo inierpiei its siunin<-ane.' in that liy-ht. When Till' 1reai\ wli'.li iiiiliated the lea'jue was entered into ]>v the ( 'aiiiem:as or people of 'he Hint, and iln' < hicidas. they were hoih in that primitive sia'.i-e ol' unsoi)histi.atetl harharism i" wliich lie leini " sioiie peiiod " has hecn aj.plied. In the ahsein-e of all ;in.w IciImc of inetallurLiV, t heir inipl.'nn'iils ami w capons were, alike, simple and rud<'. AiiTii nlture. under sinh c.iiidiiiii he ranked aiin'mj I le w^rsi ol pinion of the iiiiellinciice of the K'ed Mail, r.ut thev may comjinrors. They comjuered only in order to destroy ; and, it would seem, solely for ilie i.nrp..se of -i.il ify in-' their thirst for blood. Toward •riect desert of the whole countrv within livi le south and the Wi'st tlle\ 111; hnndr.'d miles ,,!' ilieirseat- A mm h -ivater iiuml.er of those Indians, who since the le se\..n!ccnih ciH n ry . li;i ve perished ).v the sword in Canada and eommem ciiieni of i the U th.' ]•: ited Sillies. h;i\c l,e,ii dc-,tro_\ed l,y ihat sinii'le llatiojl ll liiii in all llioir wars with nroiieaiis. 'I'lii' l,.n'_'iic' ..| till- lrn,|i|. Aivhn.,l,,i.'ia A |H..|s, |,. -J. laeriiaiKi, \mI. ii, i CAN-ADA. A TYPICAL RACK OF AMKRICAX AHOniGINKS. 88 To cluiriKtciizc tin- tumhiiiiilioii cUccicd luiionn' sucli suvimc tiihcs. as i>\u' iMi'sciuiiiif (•Ifiiiciits (>r wise civil iiislitutitiiis ; or indeed (o introdiirc siiili I.tiiis as Icayiu' and I'l'dcral syslfiu, in (h,. .s.-iisc in wliirli llicy Ivavi- l^'cii ivp.'alcdly riii|)I(.vi'(l hy Iiisloriaiis III' llic Inxiiiois, as tlioiiiili tlicy rcrcircd io a coiircdcradoii akin lo llmsr o)' ilic aiici.ni Achii'aiis or .Kloliaiis, is |o siiu^csl associations alloi^'clhcr uiislcadinii'. Tlinuiili an ini.T- cstinii' phase ol' American savas^-c life, lo whii-li its loni>- duration uivcs additional siu'iii- licancc, the Iroquois Icau'uc was hy no means unitjuc. 'i'hc ('reck conl'cdcracv cnilirac"d numerous Irihes lielween the Mohile, Ala])ama, and Savannah ri\ers. and llie (lull ot Mexico. At the lu'ad of it were ilu' Muskhoii'ees, a numerous and |>o\veiiul. l.ui whollv savau'e, race ol' hunters. Like tlu' Oneidas. ( Jnandaii'as, and the still ohler Wyandoi.s. tlu'y and the C'hoctaws « laiuied to he aulochthoiies. The MuskhoLiees ai)|>ealed to a tradition of their ancestors that they issued IVoni a cave near the Alahanni liiver ; while the ( 'Iiodaws l)oinle(l lo the i'rontier reiiioii l»ei\veeii them and the Chicasaws, -.vheri', as they alliiiued, they suddenly eniern-ed from a Inde in the earth, a numerous and miulitv ])eoi)li'. The system of ^•overnnient amonii'st the inemhers of this southern confederacy seeius to have home considcral)le reseinhliiiice to that of the Irocjuois, I'hery village was the centre of an imlei)endent Irihe or nation, with its ownciiief; and the restraints imposed on the individual iueml)ers, except when cooperating in some special enterprise or leliiiinus ceremonial, ai)pear to have Keen sliuhl. An ingenious ])hilolo'iical iiuUictiou of >rr. Hale lias already hcen referred to. Ife fiiuls in the lauLi'uau'e of the Cherokees a linimmar mainly I[ur(^n-Iro(piMis. and a vocal >u la rv larti'ely recruited from sonu- foreiii'u source. From this he is led to infer thai one purl ion of Ihe contjiu'red Alligewi, while the conllict still lasted, nuiy have cast in their lot with Ihe conciucring race, just as the Tlascalans did with the S[)aniards in their war against the A/tecs, and hence Ihe oriuin of the great C"h"rokee nation. The fiuzitive .Vlliuvwi. lu^ surmises, may have lied down the Mississippi till they reached the country of the Choctaws. themselves a mouiul-huilding peoi)le ; and to the alliance of the two he would thus trace the dilFeriMu-e in the language of the latter from that of their eastern kindred, the ("reeks or Muskhou'ces.' On the assumi)tion of such r. comhiiuilion of etJuiical elements, the origin of tlu' Creek confederacy is easily accounted for. The confederated memhers of the Leauue of the Inxpiois remaiiu'd savaii'cs to the last. Their aiiriculture, carried on solely l)y fenuile labour, was simple aiul rude. Their arts never advanced a step hevoud that of J'hirope's neolitliic dawn. ]']ven the implements of war aiul the chase consisted only of the Hint-headed lance and arrow, ami ihe halted stone for a tomahawk or liattle-axe. We have lo retrace our way far hehiml llie oldest of Europe's historical traditions for any parallel to such acoiulition of inl'aiilile harharism. Yet in one respect t'.icir proi;ress hail heeii great. Ivich nation of the Iro(|Uois league had its chief, to whom pertained the riuhl of kindling the symholic council lire, ami Council House of the Iroquois no less eariiesily than in the Athenian ekklesia or tlio lioman forum. Acute reasoning and persuasive eloquence demanded all ' IiuUiiii Migrations, p. R(i hAVir.i, \vii,^'«^N ON 'I'm; iiiudv ii;n(,trois ok i ilii' (liMi iiiuiKiliiiu rcliiM lUfuK t'l' uriiiiiiiiiir. iiml llii' i lii>icc n!' .ciiiis whicli aii iiiupli' Vdi ;ililll;il \ -lll';>lii'> Till' lln|(il>liril>lii' I'lclilrlll lliis 1 M llnlcd i|s :i pcrlllilir rlliirihlclisl if .1 A iiii'Vii nil l:iii'a'ii;ii:> Tlir w nnl-^''iiliii' 1- lliiis (•(iii>t nnli'd iml only JidiiiiKcil of. l»iit. I'll. mil,, ui'tl. ;ill chilH'lalr lllfi'l'. III' ilisrrilllilliilli'ii ; wliili- tlir llllllki'd tclKli'luy ol' 111!' I.iv ;i> ilii' 1miu'iiiil;i' itM'll' i» loiircnii'd. w ;;•- In idiMirl) id 1 1 it her pints in tlic vcrl>. pn irt'>>. >t f iiiir. |>l;ui'. uiiimnr. ^im. pufpnNc ticLiici' r(iUl!>llli-(l |i(.h -\ lillii'Ii. ;dl\ W II li I In' li'< iiid ill! I III' ntlicv Hindi lit ill ions (if liiniriiiiu't' jiri' ii N(>uii> III'' III II liii'ui' cxti'iil vitIhiI i'uriiis , iiiid Mill iillh llnlllls llllil ihijrrliv i--. lull ;;il\i'l'l»- lilld pri'pnsil ii His, iit'c 1 ru'lliill'l V «i HI jlliilll t'll. I'-iiiliiiriili'd iiiily.'»ylliil»l«'s. lirxilily iiicdilii'il l>y systi'iuiiiir iiitcniid fliiiiiu'cs, u'ivt' cxin-i'ssioii, ill niirniiiipniiiidcd wnrd-sriil I'lHi' liii'\ fiy \ iiryiii'^' pliiiM' ul' iiitriralc I'ctisoiiiiiLi'or i-inolion ; iiiid till' I'Hiiipli'X struitiivi' slii'Ws ilii' '^Tiiwlli III' II iiiiiiiiiiiLi'c ill liiildtunl use lor liiLilu'i' I'Ul'l ill I'jl'^l liiini till' iihTi' diiil\ wiiiils III lil'i'. Till' \ ii.iiliiiliiry in use in .some niriil district.s lid has hi'fii liiuiid In iiiriiidi' li'-^ lliiiii llirrr liuiidri'd wnnls; iiiid in 'piovinciiil diiilcris, ilius I'l'st lirii'd. ilii ii'liiii'iiH'iiis of Liriiiuiiiiitiiiil I'xprrssion disiippciir. Aiiiony Mil h iiisiii' I omiiiiiniiics s| i li plays n xiiy siiliiiidiiiiiti' pnrt in the hiisint-ss ol' lil'i'. i'liii upon ihi' di'liin'iiitii'ii- III' llii' liidiiiii ('uuinil llmisi' dcju'iidi'd llic whole iicl ion of till' I'oiiri'driiiry. llrin r, wliili' in idl I'Ui' till' IriMpmis ri'iiiiiiiii'd :in untutored SiiViiu'e, his liii'jiiii'j-i' is Ii iiiiir\ I'llmisly sy>li'iiiiiii/id mid Iti'iiiitil'iil sirurture. well iidiipted to the rripiiii'iiii'Mis of intririiti' ri'iisoiiinu' iind itersuiisivc sutitletv- l'l■llt^•s.■.llr^Vllitlll'y says, in rit'cri'ini' !<> Aiiieririin Iniiii'iiiiLi'i's u-i'iieriillv. what inavmore esp.'iiidly h ■ iipplied to tin' lluniii-Iioipiois ; • Tin -re iiii' iiiliniti' possihi lilies of expressive- ni'-> ill sii'li II -"I nut nil' : niid it would mil}' iirrd ilmt snnii' iiic '\'e-Aniei'ii'iiii (Ireek riii'e ^-linulil arisi'. Ill lil! il lull of llmiiLiht mid fmn y. mid put it to the uses of a iiolde lifei'iilure, mid ii wmilil In- ri'jhily ndiniii'd i;s riili and flexilde. perhiii)s. hevond anythinii' i'tieal series nl plmlli't il > six of lllii>i' lni)>l iii|l>lailtl\ ill Use li\- US. Ill ihi- div'-ii.iii. ill. 11. lies ihe .'iliiiiilo-i, id iMiddeiii whirh eaiinot fail to awaken eVi'V iinreiisiiiL;' iiiii ivst ; and to whii h I mn miximis to diieet, in some special det>'i'ee, the eiiir'.:ir> 111' lhi> si'ilinii of ihe K'liyiil Snrirty .if ( 'imndii. To the native hinii'iiaires we must loi'k 1"! II irui- kiv 111 ilii' snlutiuii 111 M, nil' of the most f ill.' Imiijiiiiui's nf the lliHi-ii-l'iKpinis. the lluinii iippears to he the oldest, if not th(> pannt stn.k When this iiiini'.'>>iv in. e hi,d siHii.d. as roiHiuerois, far to the .south of the Si i.uwr.'ii. e, ihi' iiinlhii' uiiiinn iipii.'iir.s in lii,\ ,■ h- id mi In the i-radle land of tl le race \\ Iu'V.' ii> I'.'pii's 'iilaliv 1"- wen loUliil >llll 11 I'll li'i'i'd I piiss.'s>i,,n whi'ii till first Europi'im explor ei's ^\. Li,w vi'ii. I' in ihe mx nth . iiiliiiy ( 'nlniii.sis. of fn'Meh nr ICiiii'lisl 1 oimin. liavi' 1 n in iinn'i' m lesv inliiin.l.' intiTinui'.-... wii I llniii ever siiii'.', vet the iniiteriiils for aii\ Mili.-f;i. Iniy v|,,il\ nf ill.' Iliimii Imiuiiii'^-.'. nr of a riini|imisnM hetweeii it and tin vavinn- Iriiijiini> i|i:i|...|v, m-r stil Xal Miiiily mid \ I'ly iiind.'ipiate The h ni^'U!i!4'es of the Fivu iiiii> ihal nri'^iiiiilly imisiii iiii'd ihi' iininhi'is nf the Iroquois league, ure, iu the strietest iihil lii'iiwiii fil' l^!iii'/im:_'.-, p. L'(;l, CANADA, A TYI'IOAIi HACK or AMKIMCAN AHO|{l(;iNi;S. H7 sense 111' tlie lellil, dialeels. In t lleir cnlilK il Imuse nil I lie ()l:ill(l U'i \ el'. I In' e|iier> u| I he Mollliwks, ( )|iei(l., .. ()||:illN, | lie diU'elenees are ei)||>ideral)le ; alld a Selh^i a wmild siareely liiid llie laimiiaue oT a Mohawk iiiiejli'jilili' ii. him in (irdiiiaiv mii- versalidii. Hnt llie si'iiaialinn <>\' the 'I'liManiias IVmih the lrn(|ii(iis r lull'/ dinatiiiii, and their laii'juau'e dJHeis iniieh inme w ideh rnmi llie <>l hers. The Mohawk laiit:ila!^e \\ as adopted at an earlvdale |or eoiniuiinjeat ini;- wii li llie Indians ol' the Six Nations. The New Enu'laiid ( 'oinpmn . esialilished in ji; ):i, under t,i\ oui' of the Lord I'mleclor, Croinwell. " lor the piopai^atioii ol' the (lospi^l in New liii'jlaiid.' was revived on the restoration ol' Charles 11, under a roy.d eharter ; and w it h t he eniiiieiii philosopher. Ifohert Uoyli'. as its lirsl u-o\ernor. vii^'oroit^ >;|eps wei.' taken Ini' ihe religious iiistnietioii ol' the Indians. Tin' conespoiideiiee of Mlioi. •■ the .\|io>i|i' ol the Indians." with the lirst 'governor of ilie ininpaiiy. is marked liy their aiixieiv lor the loniph linn ol ihe ]\riissaidiiisetls IJilile. wliii li. aloiiii' with other Ix.oks, he had translated I'oi- the ln'inlii ol' the Indians ol" New I'liiiidiiiul. The siKer ( oinniiiiiion service, still |ires,.i\(d at the reserve oil I lie (iralld Kiver, pr<'S 'llled to the alieestol-s of the Mohawk nation. 1)\ <^t||ee|l Anne, is all interestiiit;' iiiemorial ol theearU elloits loi' their ('hrisliaiiization. |i hears t he iiiseriptioii A. 1{.. 1711. The -ill oilier Maie>t v. bV the U|-ae ix Nations, dated 17*71. heilescrihes liis iiilroduetioii loCaptain Hraiit, at the ^Ioh,,w k \ illau'e ol' ("anaj(diarie, and the aidrecei\cd from him in levisini;' the Indian I'layer l!ook. and ill traiislatiiii;- the (iosjiel ol'St. Mark, and the Acts ol' the Ai>o>lles into the Mohawk laii- uinm'e. The hreakinu' out ol' the revoliitioiia-.i war arrested the printin ii' ol I iiese I ran>- latioiis. The inaiuiscripts were hrouu'lit to Canada in 17S1. and jdaced in the hands of Colonel Clause, the j)eputv Siiperiiiteiideiit ol' Indian All'airs. This ueinleinaii siihse- queiitly carried tlieiii to Eiiii'land, where they were at leiiiitli printed, A more reciut edition of the Mohawk I'rayer liook, prepared under the direciion o| the K'e\ . Alnaham Nelles. 11, missionary ol' the New MiiLi'laiid Company, with the aid of a native latechisi, i.ssued from the Canadian press in ls4:2. The Indian text is accompanied with its MiiLilish eijuivaleiit on the opposite jiaLi'e, and this /vni-lii/di/d/iliscni nc Vafdcrcitnai/fiHliinii-lKi. or liook of Common I'rayer, is still in use in the reliuiitus services of ih.' Six Nation Indians at their settlement on the Grand Kiver. Some cliaracteristies of the laiiii'Uim'e, siuli as the iihsenee of lahial s. are I 111 istrated Iielow from the ^loliawk Prayi'V liook. The one specially referred to constitutes not only a distiiu'tive dill'erenee I'rom the old Huron speech, but allords jiroof of the latter lu'liiu' tho oklor form. '' It is a fact," .says Professor Max ]\Ii'iller, in referring- to his intercourse with an intelligent native Mohawk, then a student at Oxford. " that the Mohawks never, either as inl'ant.s or as yrown-up people, articulate with their lips. They have no //, h. m. \ 88 |).\Mi;i- WILSON (JN TIIH IIUUoN llK)t/l(H8 ol' i /. r. II' iiM l;ilii;ils nT ;iii\ kind " ' 'llir ^lili('lm•ll^, «<> I'lir lis I lu- Moliiiwk iiiliinls art' (iji-ii In liiilli>'i- iiKjiiiiv ; Inil |tr. Oionhyntckliii. tlif Mnliawk ifl'.'rn'd In, aiid tn wli I li;i\.' 1 II larii-.dy iiid.'hi.'d in lliisaiid nili.-r rcM-iindio ill Iiuliaii i)liilnluu'y, )iul niilv ii'i'il^ ill'' -ix li'lliT>. ;dn';idy iiaimd. Inil aNn c, y. /, ;. Tln' aljdialM'l islluis iidiiri'd In s.\iiii''iii |.'iiir> I'rnlr^^ni Max Miill'T iini.s ill [ liiNsi HL!', llial llif nam.' ••Mnlliiwk" Wnllld -'''lU In |.ln\r ill-' Us.' nf ill.' lal>ilil Hill il is I'l InriMli'll ulilfill, llinii-jli jinssililv d,Ti\i'd iiniu I lii'ir n\v II (» i,'v/v7((i/,(»//i:/i. iii'n| il'v Til.- iiaiiu' I'lii plnycd l»y lln'iasiU IS is ■ ('iiiii.'iinii Til'' |traili.i' i<\ sin'akiiiL; wiilicaii . vit « Insinii' tin- lips is ,,,, ;|,,|lliiv.l li:il>ll nl lal-T nllliill lliall lll>' Inruis nj' lllr l.iinill InlluM.', A mill ] lil lisnll nl" aii\ ,,r I 111' lln(|iin|s (iiid.Tls \\ nil ill,' 1! Ill nil .IS >iill s|i,,l,,.ii 1(\ ill.' \V \alldnl> nl' ( hit a fin, slmw s I hi' /// ill lis,' l)v ill.' liiii.T 111 w hill is im i Inula ;i su' vi\ iii'j- i'Xaiii|d.' d' tin- nldt'sl lorm nl ill,' lluinulrn(|Uni.s jiiii'j uair'' This llurnii in jrciiuriiily lie. ..in.'s (r in ilu- Ir<)«|Unis di;.l'i|s, ( 1,' ^/.iiliiiii'iitl/iiirrli. ' oUf liiiiulr.'d.' li.'i .iiii.'s ill Mnli.iwk iiiis/.H'/nrrinii/niri'li : iiniir, iiiiiii li'l'lsllr I 1, ■ Mnll;|\vk. i;,ill,iri . .'|i' Tln's. ■ ;i 11 d . il ln'V .' Ml 111 ] d.'s nj' lllls 1 II 1 1 Ti'lui llU't-alll.' clialil >l hi. I 1.1 11 li|ln||n|ni: \ . illld I lli' |>1(M >r siil.si II 111 inii ill ill.' alls. 'III.' nl' laliials. ai lllllsl l.il.tl 111 I 111' liiMi' nj' lluinll-l ln(|Uiiis IIUIIli TaN nil ;| s U I isi '( j Ui'll I |>a'Jt'. Tlu' luiliil ( d' lll\,illaM\ spriiklllL!' Willi llir lips np, II is ill.' s,,iir, .' nj \ii\ . iiriniis nindili.alioiis in liic nil! Willi I III' '^inw II ailv ''ivliisidii,- i-;i,' IiiMpinis \ nr, dull. lli. '> w lu'ii i mil pa ii'd Willi llial nf ill.' \\'\:iiiy iilin : als.i in/,// mul ///,»'. ami sn iVi'ipU'iil 1_\ .liaim.'N ill.- wlmli' cliarailtT (d' ill,' wn'd li\ ill'' iiindili. aliniis II ■::i\i's lisi. t... \ , niiip.ii isnii nl I 111' iiuiii.'i;iis nl rniinali' laiiuuaL;i"s and dial.'ils is always ills! nidi vc ; Iti dispnsilinll nl A llU'lii all pllilolniiisl.s I.) tnill In lllc |!ilS(|ll.'S. as tilf • ' III' iliiinpr iIkiI has p.'rp.'Hiiiti'(l iln- hniiiuau'i' la.i'd tllt'll" iiuiiii'ials ;il(iim' sill,, nl' ihns,. .il' |||.' Humii- 1 1'. Kpi. lis Til.' i).'niiaii.'ii. \ i>[' llu' niiiiics inr iiuiiii'ials. Ill id thi'ir IVi'i'dniu IV, mi dis|dai .'iiu'iit liv s\ iinii\ ms. a v.' seen in ih.' uiii\ crsalily .iT niii' si'viis ,,1 ii:iin.'s ihrniiLifinul ill.' wlud.' inui.'iii and iiindcrii Aryan laiiiiuaLrt's of Asia mid I'-iiinp.'. 1)111 ill.' lias.pii' nuiiii'r;ils hear no ics.'inliluic.' in tliciii, unl.'.ss such l»i' tvari'd ill lln' prnlialilv ar< idriil;il ii'si'iiildaiuf of llu' /*/. tw.i. and tin- sfi. ".six." a.** in llu' iis^riii. " I. 'II. (///■ till' nid llnrlli'hlLl'a. tlu' illlSIII ( I III' li:isiplr li.is ;i|xi, lis i-,.,,i, if til.' lali T AVyaiidots. Tlu' rliini of |i'. aii.l pmlialdy ar< id.iit.il r.'s.'iuldaiir.' ; luit 111.' iiiillii. " olU' iliiiiisiiiid, ■ is ,-,'iiiiiiiiy l.nrinw.'d. and sitv.'s In slmw thai llir luLilu'r iiumfnils. witli tlm i'\ id'ih I' ili.'\ allnid nf ;id\ iiiniiiu ri\ ili/alinii. wi'i'.' ill"' r.'sull nl' inl nisivt' Aryan intiU- W nil ilii' 'jrnw iiiL;' iiudi'in y m iiirn in ili.- pr.-liisinrif ih.'riaiis id' iMiropc a.s ojio 111 l:iiii;-ii,i;ii's nt AiiU'riiii. it is Widl to keep this ti'.st I'llir pnssilil,. |<,.v In Illi' nll^lli nl 1 111' l;|.-.'s III in \ i.'W I'll' rniiipiiiisnii \\ it h 1 hi' w iddy \ aryinii- mil iv.' i.iiiiiri'iils. Hut th.' (•orn'si)oiias(|Ue radiral/(«///, " ten," into \\\r liiiniili/,11. •■ .'li'\ rli " IJui sii, h rra'i-lili'lil; irv tiin I's air in strikinu' rontrast to the rai Ileal rirriuriii 1 1| Sii 11 sk vi I . Zi'iiil. (Irri'k. l.aliii. t'l'lii.-. Sla\ niiir. and T.'iitnnir numerals. Mr. air has draw 11 my aitniiinn In ilu' niiiniis maiiiirr in whirh the names t»l' tlie first ir.' .•niilraiti'd and streiirlhi'iied in tlie modern ll\ r lii'lii'ja iiuiiii'ials 111 ( 'ariirr's li,- I.VIUIK > nil ihi.' .s,i('lli'(. ,,)■ l.iin;jllllgl', L'liil 'I., I,. C;AXAI>A, a TYI'ICAI- uaci.; oI' aMI;I(H'AX \I!nl;i<;i\i;s 89 Wyiindot ; iiiid noihi' of tlip niodiliriilioiis in Ihc Irmniciis diiili'ils lui' no Ifss intiTrsliuir. Sirnhi, ihi' Ilocln'liiii'a "one," siirvivfs in lli.' ( )ii(iMiliiuii n/v/'A//*, wliil-- il Imtoiucs >/,<(/ in ♦ he niotlcrn Huron, the Ciiyun'ii, 1111(1 tlif Srnna. lint in iIh' i nni|iMuii(|r<| I'Miin nlili,- WvMiidot -(ini' hundred," sfiiifniin iii//,;ire. us in IIk' nn(iii(l;iL';i, s/,-iii/,ilii/,irriitn/iiiliinli, tho terminal (/ rciippcars. Ti<4'iinit/. the ..hi Inrni of "two," is ahiiihj'ed nnd >trenL!thened to ft'tiih'^; {lAihn, " three" (oriiyinnlly, in idl pmlKihilily, dsrhrn. nr, as siill in its., hy (he llnnms oi'Iiorette. (kIu'ii.) survives us iilif^iiiili ny ulisriih in iieariv all ihe iroipiois dialects, iui ludini^ the 'rusrarnra. In the Noltowiiy it is still diseernihle in the inoouiided lorin of ■'thirty," shnihirn^thrn. IfnininroH, "four," loses hoth its initial and terminal syllahles, and heioines t/iih in the AVyandot, iind f,iili or /,ri, an ahlireviation ol' the Mohawk f,iii/rrili, in the Cavuua ami the Seiieea dialeils The am lent i'orin of"' live," oui'^ioh, has partially survived in the Huron din'^iii. It 1., inmes /^v>7,. Wi/s/i", irisfi. or (in the Si'iieca) vis. in all the Inxpiois dialeets,— ihe Wyaiidul and ( 'ayu'ja oium' uum' aifrei'injj^ in form. The wr. "eiy'ht." in its oldest form, is s(i//r/,tnili in the Mohawk, and ilfkrinih in ilie ('avui;a; with the .suhstitutiou of the / for /• it hnomes (hhlmilt in the ()nei(1a ; and after chamiiiiL;' tn lildoii in the Seneea, and HUiimiili in the Tiiscarora, it reappears in ihe Nnltoway as r/c/./v/. The aiirni is ruh-nn. and that of the llurons of T,orette iii/sii/i. In the Iloclu'la'ja ii>:siiii. "ten," \\,> ha\i' the old jiirm which is perpetuatt'd in the Wyandot ulisr/i, the ( )M(imIai:a and ('a\uua irnsnih. the Tusrarora (/v/.v//////, and the Xottoway /'v/,s//(/ ; while the Mohawk and the ' >neida have ilie diverso <»/rrili. or i>i/f/ili. with the charaeterist ie chanue of /• into /. The form of the Mohawk for ■'one thousand," oi/frilitiat/cinnnii/iiinh, is an inten'stiiiu- illustration of the in'oyresssivc developmtuit of numbers. Nn is |)robabIy a coiilrai lion of ///7,-n////, 'ol' them." or "of it," — ■ the whole readiiin" "of them ten hundred.' In eomparinn' t he lanii'uau'es of the ilill'eicnt memlMis ol the JiiKiuois confederaey with the Wyandot or Huron, some of the fads already not,'d in tlie history of the former have to be kei)t in view. Nearly twi ■nturii and a half have trauspii'i'd sinee tin three westorn nations of tiie eonfedera''y. the Oiioiida'^'as, Cayutias aiiarer ri'semldance ■t w 1 the Moha' am I Ol iioiuiau'a lanti'uaLi'cs a t that date than now iil)pears . Allowance must be madi- for similar chain ■mil. tht Hurons in thoir enforced miu'ration from the J-'t. Liwrenee to their later homes. Hi-re, as in so many other instances, it becomes inti'resting to note how the langixage of a people reflects its history. In tracing out slighter and more romolo resemblai'ces. such as may be discerned on a close scrutiny, where the variation betwo(>n the Hoch(daga and the modern Wyandot li Soc. II., 1884. l:: 90 hA\ii:i. wii.soN ON iiii; III i{(»\ iiiiH.M'dis (»r / i inimir;il> i> \\i(l'>t. tli.' iIiII'-itiii >.imv.> ol . Iiiiiiyi' liiiM- i" Ix' K''|'l in \ir\v, In ill Mil li r..iiiparis(iiiH, iii'>i«'ii\ .T, iilliiwMin «• mu-l Ic iiiinli' Inr ijii' |i||iiiii'lii ii'iiituliiilidii of uuriiuiiiiiii wnnjs jiimii'tl Mijrly liy <'iir. i\s well sis lor llir iiirtilinr ir|irrM'iilaliMii n[' the nuMil >'Hiii ill ili'ii iv.lii. ii..ii 1. 1 \\!iiiiii> l»y a I'l-inli or Miii-lisli ir.iiiscriliiT. TIk' lliltllllnll, lIK'lllinll.'tl l>y l>cM.y.'lll;iti' Clillk. vol' SiMh'ias 1111(1 W \ ainlnts li\ iu-r ill Irit'iidly .(iiiliuMiiiv "ii ih.' Islaiul <•! M.inir.nl in iIm' >-i\l<''iii Ii rciilury, niituially sutru-i'NU \\h' pinliiil.ililv iliiii ill. ir dial. tIv ill.! imi urrally dilliT ("•■rlaiii iiotiirald<' rch.-iiiMaiu't'H lirlw.'cli llh' Si'iii'i a and ill. Wvaiidnj iiiiinrials lia\i' Itrcii linti'il aldisf, lull It is only ill. 'if iii.i.I'iii I'lnii* lliai all' lliiis opi'ii to . .mipai i-.u . ami in lln- process oT plioiiclic d.'.ay ill.' Si'iH ra lia> ^iiHiivtl lln' liii'alfsl .liaiin'i'. Hill al'l.'V iiiaKiiiLf cv.'ry allowance lor iiiiidili. atiiiii> wroii'jlit l.v liiu.', l>v adoiilioii of >lraii into lln' tribe, and otli.'r internal MUirr.>> oT iliaii'^v , a^ wdl a- Im I lie iniju'rl'i rlioii nj' ( 'a i tier'- ri'inlcriiiLfs o| tlir 1 1... li.daf^u t.iiiv:!!.', an.! \'<\ >iili-i i|ni'iil .Troi- .i| Iran-. iiIhm- and |iriiil.'rs. tli.-re -till r.'iiiains satisfiic* torv I'vid.'iii e III relaiioiisliip lniwei'ii n.-ariv hall nl Cailier's \ o. ahiilary and the corre.spoii.liiiii wolds of ili.' \V\aiidol Lmijii.' \ . oiiii'ari.-oii lias alr.'ady lie.'ii iiiiido hetweell til.' 1 lo.Iielaua lllllii.'ral- and llinse ol lln- \V\alidiit- ol' Allderdon III llie lolloW- illL!' .'omparali\ .' taliji'^ nT iiiniii laU, I luve phe cd alnli'j-iil.' ol' lie' ol.l I lorlielaii'a series deri\cd tVniii (aiiirr- li-l> ili..-e ii.iw in use aiiiniej iIh' lliiroiis ol' Loretl.', as supplied tci nie l>V M atll iraiil. the Mill ol' tile lale lliiroii I hi. 'I 111 the third .'oluinii aiioth.-r 18 version .il'iin' Wyandot nunieral- i- tri\.'n. Ir.iiu (lallatin'- . .•iiiparalix i vocalmlary. It d.'fiv.'d I'roin ditli r.'iii -.niii.'-. inrliidm.j- lii.' I nil.'.l Slates War D.^partnieiit ; and there- lure. IM diiulit. illu>lrales ill.' . haiiii'.'s whi. ii the laiilo\i'tl in olIi.Ts ; exi't'ltt in ill.' N.ili. w a\ nniii.'Val-. wliere tii.' ii« M'V ihiT I n I ..niiiaiiiiLi' lin' i .■liali'^valil.' /,■ ami v !i i/t/,'lii>ili. w h.'i'.' till' Tum arora ha if Imih i-, no doiilit. due III ill.' I'lnulish trail- iiiati.iii ill .irthoyraphy ami also tin' i'.iter- i.i Ii.' k.pi ill \ i.'W Thus ill.' ('aviiL!"a \\:\s i/r/,iiiiih. in the ( /iieidii lillireiil li-ts, ih s iinainiili. Hut the lluroii tiiiili. ill use now Itolli at nloii, >iiows the re>ult ol loiii;- intercourse \\ ith I'luropeaiis Iteifetliny an ai)pre.iaii.)ii ol'ih.'ii .li-iri mi nation li.'tu ..'U th.- hard and soft coii.-onaiils. Had the win do Lor.'tt"' ;ind Ami. series liii'ii d.'riv.'.l I r.im .111. lurie. -ii'h oil!io'j'ia|)iur variations would liav.' disappea ired. The lists have l„.,n luiiii-h.il In m.' h\ the K'ev .1.(1. Nimeiil :iml M. I'ii ard. edmated lliiroiis : I. A horion.aii iilii.ai.'d Iro.pioi^; l)r. < »roiihyateklia. an edmated .M(diawk : Mr. lI.n'aMii Hall' ; and also Innii < Jalhitin's valnahl.' .■oinparative lahh's of Indian vo.abiilaries, in til.' ■ Ar. h.e.il.i.^ia Am.'ii. iiia ' In tlie Syiioiisi- oJ lln- Indian Tiih.-s. to whi.h theso vo. aliiilaries l.inn an appiiidix da";. lin i la--..! Ii'.iii ih.' Tiiiejocs ami th.' Xottoways, aloiiii' with ill.' Tiisiarora^. a- south. 'in ln.(|u..i- liili.'s. K'.'.-.'iil r.'s.'.ir.h.'s o| Air. Hale have ^stahlish.'d th" tru.' pi; ill.' Tut.]. I.'- Ill III' with the |);i. otaii, and not the Iluroi Iroqii.iis laniily ; Init it is cilnrw ise with the ( "herohakahs. or \otl owavs, wh ose Home was in south-.'ast.Tu \'ir^iiii;i. wli.'r.- th.'ir i river Oh which they dw.'It. At i one hundred ;!ii(l thiitv w;lrvior^ iii'iiiory is perpetuated in the name ol' tin? le clos.' ol' the sev.'iit.'.'iith .eiilury tliev still numbered or alioiit s.'Veii hundred in \\\\: but twi'nty years later, f the of th.' wli.il.' tribe only tw.'iity souls survived. At tinil diile t laiiuuaii'e were obi;iini'd. which riiniish >;itisr;i.-torv .'vid.'m-.' ..I'll wo vocahularies ot tni I.' I'orrei'iness ol' their CANAItA, A TYI'K'Al, l{A<'K Ol" AMI'I.'KVW AIIOIMCINIX ot <'liiN>ilit'utioii tiiiioii^ Miulht'rii lni(|uniN Irihcs. 'I'lirir iiiiiurnils. :i.s >liu\\ it in tin- litllnwiiitf taltlt'M, ni>i»r(ixiiiiiiti', us miLilil he aiilitipiiltMl, lo iIkoc i>\' llic TuscaroniH, iit Icusl in llii> Utiijority of lilt' priiiiaiy iiuiiiIh'Is ; wlifi-ias iIk.m' nl' llir Tnli'lci's arc totally dissimilar. An In lh«! 1{as<|uc uuiiicrals inliiMlmi'd into llic i oniparativt' tahlcs, (In-y only sulliio to hIiow tlic (livi-rsity oj' \\u> pn>-Aryaii lanijiiaui' htill sjioki-n, in varying dialirts, on liotli slopes oj' till' I'yn'nt'cs, IVoMi fitln-r ihc Irocpiois or any other Know n Anieriean lan- ^•lla^^^ exeepi in so far as hotli are aii'ulnliiiat i\ e in stiniture. \ ;in l']\s. in iiis " Hatpin drainniar," draws attention to the words Inihizl.nrri. and liirrii<'iiri, "naked " ; tlie lirst ol' wliirh literally siunilies " red-liair," and Ihc seeond " red-skin." They arc intercslinjj illustrations ol the way in which important historical i'aeis lie emhedded in ancient Ian- tfuai^'cs. Ihil the eoloiir of the hair iurhids the inl'ercncc ihat the ruddy liasi^uos of primitive centuries were akin to ilie " Redskins" ol ihc \cw World. The phonoloify of Ihc Irocpiois languages is nolahlc in oilier respeils hesich-s tlioso already referred to. Accordini^ lo M. Ciioii, an ahlc iihilolonist, who has lal)ourcd for many years as a missionary among the liiMpioisof the province of l^uchcc, the sounds arc so simple that he considers an al[>hal>ct of Iwclvc letters sulhciciit for their indication: a, f\ f, h, /, /r, )/, (), r, s. /, ir. The Iranslitcrations ndiceahle in tiie \arioiis IriMpiois dialects, follow a, well known phonetic law. Thus the / and /■ are interchanui'ahlc, as ronlcire, "man," in the Mohawk, heeomes in Iho Oneida lniil,ire; nij-lm, "hoy," liecomes A/.c/Kf ; nikniiho. " niy father," heeomes Az/.v/////, etc. The same is seen throughoni the compound numerals from "eleven " onward. The Cayuga and Tuscarora most nearly aj^proach to Ihc Mohawk in this use of the /■. A characlcii.siii' . haniic of a (lilicient kinil is seen in the granunatical value of (he initial /• in the Mohiwk in relation lo e-eiider, I'or example, onhii'i' is applietl to mankind, as distinnuishcd from l,iii/n>li, " ilic lnutc." It heeomes ran- kur, man, noiihirc, woman. So also ni.nili. "hoy," chauiics to hi.rlni, "girl ; " rilii/r/mli. " my Hou," io kliei/iiiiih, " my daimhter," etc The chami'c of gender is further illustrated in such examples as nniliili, his apple ; nnii/rti. his arrow ; iili/:i>liili, her api)ie ; uli/.'oi/rn. her arrow: iiioiialiih (masc). luttuihili (fem.l, their api)lcs : rdo'li/inikirlirh (mw^c), tio'lii/enhirinh (lem.), their arrows, etc. liut this arrangement of the formative clement as a prcilx is characteristic of American languages, though not peculiar lo them. Tims f^iahntdcughxe- a-iirkonuli, Almightv CJod, (literally "Thou who hast all power, or strength,") bcctmics, ni in the third person, Iiiislin/slrii<:^li!>rniii-i>r/,vii^li. Tl le vowe son ntls are verv limited. No distinct ion is appa rent 111 aiiv ir urou- ic c and // so 1 nind s are iil.so Iroquois language hctween the o and the ii. In wiitinu' it often iiilcivhani'caltle. Where, for example, c is iiscd in one set of t lie Tuscarora numerals sui)plicka... (iiiili IcikU'c .'... dokeiiili. acliin sliaiyht | alisunh . ii'lak aii(la!i:h( | kayerili WlSCll. waliia l.-^otari' aiorc cnisoii . as-uaeliiiisl{ari' aseniial\.-k i^clivk ax'iiwahi: a-oiitv,ilaivsk iti'ivsk a.soiicnl.-oii'-lvari'. toiiili eouascn . .'ii'iiink iiMiaMii ciiiiiot ioiiaM'D. aM'nalc out'iuiiart'. worisli wisk. wausliaii HOdlaio. .. aiilaiai .. aiiitiu .... yayak ... jadali sadokdiili tvoiloiili . aii!j;Ii-a:,f!» :>yoiV assail c.-^calroscarliot utb'ravawoiiroli asanfcni I'scarliel. dokciiiliyawonfeli alisiiiili^-awoiireli . kaycM'iliyawonroIi wiskyawcnreli .... jayakyuwi'iiicli , iadalivawenicli .. sadckonliyiiwcnndi (yo(|c)iiliya\voi\rch . d.'it iwaiiirlisa , (U'wa.siiiili sciitomaiiiifarwe. as'-cti at(fii(ii;;iiaiiii alisuidmiwasuiili iinHkadowennviiwoh >y erili-nadowoiinyaw sh CANADA, A TYPICAL RACK OF AMKRICAN ARORKilNKS. 93 Comparative Taui.es ov Numerals in Huron-Iroquois and BxscivK.—CoiUinued. 1 2 ;j 4 5 G •7 8 9 10 11 IL' 13 14 15 Ifi 17 IS lit 20 ao 100 1000 Oneida. unskft dokon aliHunli ... Uayeli wisk Om)NI).V(1A. skiulali . . (lel aliMiidd yaliyak^-awoidili ... aliyaUkalio jadaliyawi'idih jadaldialio doklonhyawenlili... dekcnldvaho wadliyawcidili wadonhkalie (lewaMinh ; dowascnh j ahsuidiiiiwasuidi ... ; alisunliiiiwasi'idi unskadewcnayawoli ' i.kailalidcwoiiiiyaoliewoli . slvalskaroli doiuiiliskaroli . alisi'idiskaft'li .. koiliskaioli wisldvareli liyodiskaroli ... jadakskaiH'li.... dokiunhskafcli skatskao dokiUHkac .... senskac I kciskii WIS dcknili dekni, tindoo ahsoidi son, sliaiglif kcili kt'i, kaiv wish wis, wish liyoiii yci, yaoe jadak ' djadak, jawdock (k'kniidi dckioii, tikkcii^di. ... (iyoton tiohtoii, teiit()iij,di ... wjiscnli ' washoii, wushagh.... . yeiskao . djadakskao ..'] dokioiislcao oyotouskavoh ■ diohtont*kao dowasonli dowashcii dowasonii skiUskarcii slionkwashoii Kkatdowentiyawoh .. skatlowcnyao | I I ' washen noto^vonyao. j I .■ii W*'T^-*'*CF.»«I5* i I 94 DANFHL WILSON OX THR IIURON-rilOQUOLS OP CoMl'AItATlVK T.VIJLKS DK XrMEi:.Vl,S IN HtTUON-IUOQUOlS AM) ]5ASliUE. — «>«//«««'(/. TlSt'AUnlt \. 3 j f 4', 5 A 'i ( 7 J 1(1 11 12 1;; M lllljill lU'klili nh.siinli iiiilali visk )V.tk iiiKih i:iu,-|-(inli lirunli VilSUIill nijili>l 1:1 j ;;ii I loo 1000 iivak>kara]i janali-karali. iia^-niiili>karali iiii'uiiliNkarali lU'W .tM'llll uiiilali'liua.-oiili k'a\a>\vili Nottoway. unto ald .. ])iil.skai, |Hitsk aijcnosai. ii''onomlia zaspi zoi'tzi bcdorat/ lianriar . Iiamaik liainnli aij'olali hanialiinii :i,i,'t'tt»lia i liamaluiir ai;-eM-isai air(.>o-asi)o ai,fosaironii ap^]iahili liaiuabiiriz am:i )iai laiiiazaspi .. Iiai) lazortzi aiickisaul' il a plural, hut this is liuiiti'd to tho proi'.ouus. The ptnyonal pronoun is thus tloclinod : — FlKt^T I'EHSON. SlS(ill.AI!. Ul'AI.. J lih. UV OnUoniiiilia. My Alikwawcnli. Onm Onkyawculi ife lili. I'l.riiAi,. UV ( tiikyiuiliu. Oum Oiikwawonl SECOND TKUSON. TIlDII, Thj Sawcnli. y"" cir .Holinirh If, ;.<<( Molniid: Kaiiy(Mikcli;ika 110 radiiha TlniiinrMolinirh KaiiyoiiUi'luika no i.nkynnlul Kanyonkoliaka no joliiia Kaiivonkoluika no 01111111111 Til!' i)lural ol' nouns is lormed, for the most jiart, in t^vo ways, aconlino' to 111 e rela tiou of tho word to animate ])oin^'s, o r to inanimate ohieets. For tlie former tlie teriuina- Ided to the siniiuhir form of the noun. Thus i/ii/, tion ofivnh is ac in tlie plural i/ttkomlfii^olnonh. In mi/iirr, ■' m fiimil.'l'/IS, a liorse ill." there are the distiiirtive olurab heculUi'S ■(iinin/nn\ men," oiikii'flio/ioiili. '' m aiikind." For inanimate objeets the ad(»i(ili. till SdlTl I'omes (ihsiii-rlioi,oii. or 11 li>:iirchii/-|uliiiativ f ilie lan"-ua«-e by the hi or kr as a feminine intercalation, thus : uJiknoiihti. sli structure o (ihkoirenlt. hers. The change fr(;-,ii in expri'ssed mainly by the use roukwe Man. i/oiiknr AVomi :'. asculiiie t.) feminine in nouns relating;' to man n tlie initial *• or /.•. as in the following examples : — kind IS rii.rah lioy. kaxah Girl. The pronoun is amalii'amated with the noun, in ac. riliiiiii'ih My son. l-hiiHinih My daui-'litor. ordaiice with the agglutinative proc'oss which rules throughout, as in the following < xami)le, and in its mode of formiii! 1 96 J)AN1I;L WILSON ON TllH IIUllON-IllOiiUOIS OF I i tln' possossive riuse. " My apple," is nhKinihih. This is a .•ompouiul ol'tlu' i)r(>ii(mii, dhkwti- uriili, "iny,"' and hvliilt, •apple," l>ut instead of dhhiraircih i- hihilu the last syllable of the pronoun, ami the iirst of the noun, are elided. The peculiar forms for e\pr(>ssini>- the speeial and eonnnon fenuile gender are also shown here in llie iorniation of the second and third persons : — fuiliih Thy aiiplc, IVniii ,<'!»( i/A ■■ hihili. i-'iii/iih His !i|i|iU<, ■• r..MH'i /'// ■■. hiliili. { iihkiiliili llrr aii|>li', '■ iilditifiiih r kiihilt. \iin/ii/i Her, 111- it.s,iililple.-i, " lunii iih + kuliili. liilLiidliik jitliih M.\s<.'. r'tminliili V'k.m. or N'i:i'T. >uiii'ilii!i Our appli'. Ytiur ii|i|ilo. Th«ir a|i|)le. Tlioir appli'. ririi.M. Hidiriiliili. ncii'iiliih. M \-if. raiiniiliili. Kkm. iir Nkit. iiniinliili. So witii /,-iii/fiikiriri'li. "an arrow." or ahlohrnh, "a tomahawk ; '" the possessive case is similarly formed thus : — 'ildii'>n ot the pronoun and verb, as in the followinn' exainple ; which has no claim to pre- sent all the minute elaborations of which the Moliawk \crli is susceptible, l)ut will in some deiiTee illustrate its llexibility, arid the i)rocoss by which it aecomplisluM results akin to those etfected by the I'^nglish auxilia'-y verbs : — Thi r, (•'. 'I'd ( live. IM)I('.\T1V1. Mii(i|>. !'i;i>KNi' 1'i:(".i:ks?-ivi; 'I'i'.xsi:. 1. Witli Ma.srulilic oli;iTt lo vrrli. siNc.n.M:. riiiniiix I am L'ivinc liiiii. I hl-mii/i Tiiciii ;ii! ^.'iviri;.' hiiii. '■""'■< Hi', slic, nr it, is L'i\ iii'.' him. ii(tKi(iiiini.t We, i\Mi jirc L'iviiii; liiiii. I hlRijairi.^ 'N'dii twn ai'i' irivinj; liiiii. ronn-iiinn 'Hicv twn t\\t\ L'iviiiL' him. 11 I KM. ^hnkirdu-in Wo aril uiviiiiT liim. Iil.iixi iriiiiin \ou arc i^iviii;; him. ri)iiiriiii-l.i 'llicy M. aii'l !•'.) are ^.'iviiin' him. AVith I'cminiiii' iilijct 1,1' liivc. or ri's|K'i't. Uifitn'in .«'iA*ojr(.^* l/'tl;oid-< am ;_'iviii_' lii'v. 'hull art ^riviiij.' iicr. <■ Is LMViiiu' her. 10, or it, i.s ^'iviiii ii'iklihinn-ii \Vi' avo ^'i\iii;,' hor. itHif'tiiiiwiK Villi aro jfiviii^ her. yiikuniwix 'I'lioy (M.) aro t;iviii).' lior. yiikonaxds 'I'lioy (F.) aro giving lior. ' CANADA, A TYPICAL KACE OK AMERICAN ABORIGINE.^. 97 DIAL. yaMi>jfm-i!< Wo two arc n'win^ hor. ycixiyawh You two iiro ).'iviiis Ikt. mkonamK Tlioy two aro tiivinK Iwr. :^. Willi I'omininn or Noiilcr Object. . . , it iiiilciivirln Wo aro i-'iviiv.' hi'T, or it. I am ''ivina Imr, or it. '''"" ^. . .. . . , -t sci/v/icM You aro u'lviii); lior, or it. r :;e';:o :'ir^- :;.... t>.o.(m.) a., ...... or... .., „. She l-.ivi.; ho; or it. ."^-""•'•■' 'i-'H^y (^•> - ^'-^^' "-' '^^ '*• Th.ro is no .hang., in iho dual to distino-nish between " g-ivino- him" or " h.T," ami mi iris ravin youis giving them." liijnrnli flifiidvih, sluiknwih yakovih 1. riyairih rhlxnrih rmcih With Foin. Objoot. T siavo bor. Tiiou jravost bor. llo gavo bor. Sbo, or it, navo bor. PaKT iNnKlINITlO. With Miuscnlino ObjO(;t. T jiavo bim. Tbon pavt'st biin. IIo, or sbo, jiavo biin, or bor. ?,. Witb Foni. or Nout. Object. hawih I pavo bor, or it. gawih Tlimi ;.'av.>st lior, or it. ramh IIo, or sbo, gavo bor, or it, yawih IIo, or sbo, gavo bor, or it. rUHSBST rHUIWT TlASll. ncnhkeyauih ' I bavo givon luni. or bor. vrnshninirih Tbon ba..l given bin., or bor. vnMuikowih Ho bas given bim, or bor. r,enhyiik>y,i-ih Sbo, or it, haa given liim, or ber. Past Peritict Tknse. 1. ^^■ith Mas. Object, n.nh!^ihiiimnh T bad given bim nn\hiiit!mh i^tie had given h. . v,nhsii!. (H.jcft. I will wiliiiionh vntslii'iili Wllidoiili viifnl:H(iiiiitil(, (If cniilr. int.iiikiiiiiih VUtfifi vnimnh, ipV mUnijoiih hlilfiiiviiiKinli, (ill' riiiill'.) i\(' liilll. 'rilnll will L.'i\o liilll. Hi' will ;_'i\i' liilll. W'l' W ill L'i\i' liilll. Ynll will 'I'llrV W 11 ;ivi' liilll. ;:i\i< liilll. x.llll llllllll fiii.1, iimili iiiiniihiitiili lllllinl.ililllll iDiijiikhiijnoh uuiirtsl'inith iivhiiktmimli •■uiinhiiiunih With Koiii. Oiij.'ct. I will ),'ivo lior. 'I'lidii wilt t-'ivK lior. Ho w ill fiivo licr. Slio w ill ii'wo lior. Wo will ^.'ivo lior. YdU will jiivo lior. Tlioy (M.) will jiivo lior. 'I'lioy {V.) w ill L'ivo lior. Willi I'oiii. I'T Niiil. olijci't. Uhbiiili VII XI ill h iiiiriDili iniiKioiili VIKJill^lJlllill VUJOIili Viilll. III111I1I1 Iwill L'i\o lior, or it. Tliiiu w ilt t.'ivo lior, or it. Ho will jiivo lior, nr it. Sill' w ill L'ivo lior, (ir it. Wo w ill |.'ivo lior, (ir it. You will jrivo lior, ur it. 'I'lioy w ill ^'ivo lior, -ir it. 1. Willi :\l;i>. (ll.j.vt. ni'iilifunhiii'lirili ncnhmniti'iiirili Il(?l.«!(!(/(i)(C(7( //. Ji/(.T)(.v/i<(/."((iri7i til )i//.»it.«/.'1ki11 lia\o /ivoii him. Ho, (irBlio, shall havo L'ivni him Wo shall havo L'ivon him. You aluill havo j.'ivoii him. Thov shall havo 'jivi'ii him. Similtuly also followiii'j; tciiso : — riijoihiTix ihlsliililorh foilurh l"iiti;i I'KiMix-r Tknsi-. 2. With rem. Ohjoot. Ill iilinimkiiiiiirih I .sliiill havo f^ivon hor. Ill iilimsli: ii'iir'ili Thou shall havo <.'iviMi lior. iiiiiliKiinliiihiirili Ho .shall havo vrivon lior. Ill ii)ifviiiinkiiH-ih She. shall liav(» jiivou lior. tiiuliKiniiiiiklili/iiirih Wo shall liav 1 ^^ivoll lior. ihiilnniiiiKts-iiiiiirih You shall havo fiivoii her. ji. iili.nisliiikoiiiiirih Tlioy (M.) shall havo jxiviMi lior. vnihmnijdhmiiinli Tlioy (,!•'.) shall havo j,'iv()ii lior. 15. With Fom. or Xout. Ohjoct. iinili!»iiil:iiicih I shall ha\.< trivial lior, or it. vnilisinil'ivili Thou slialt havo j.'ivoii lior, or it. Viplifiirilaiirih. i\t' shall havo >;ivon lior, or it. ■tiihlnuinmirili. Sli(> shall havo ^'ivou lior, or it. vnihmiii/iiliiiiirih Wo shall havo j;ivoii lior, or it. Vivhmtmii-uinrili You shall havo (livon lior, or it. iiihlii'^mlninv'iirili Tlioy shall havo. ".'ivon lior, or it. nirKKATlVK MiXij). rlilnloiih ]1(i thou jrivo him. s'hiiionh Po tliou ;.'ivo hor. fhl.o'ijonh l)i> yo ;.'ivo liiin. vulitil/ohh III) yo j;ivo hor. Iitkiruiiniili. I'V riii\\v. Iiiliionli l>o you givo !ii(>. tnknwnh (S. or p.) i_'ivo n?, two. I'iki iniioiili Ho you two(.MV(^ 1110. tlic vrrli, 'J"(i Diivo, is .similar' v coiijugiitod, as shown hero in Ihi^ I'Kr.,-i;\T I'KiiiaiKssivi:. 1. Willi Maf-r. nl 1 am ilriviii'.' him. Thi'U art ilri\iii<_' liiii. Ho, nr she, is ilii\ ill'.' him. jort. iihiikitilDri.t chtsiiii UMidorl riiiiiiiiilorin Wo aro (Iriviiij; him. You nro ilrivirn? him. Thoy aro driviiijr liiin. CANADA, A TYPICAL HACK OF A.MKIUCAN AUoltKilNK.S. 00 Imt. Hiiiliir'tK riiilurit •:. With I'lm-, Ol.jcrt. I am tlriviii;,' tliotn. ijiidm-U Tlioii art ilriviiit; tlit^iu. i/iikliii/iKlnrit 11(1 is driviii-' llii^iii. Slin IS liiiviiiij limm. U r ;nc> ■liiviiii: liioiii,i':i',, [«(//(f i/,< /■■ /•//, 'I'll ( ii\i , ;!. Willi I'ciu. or XiiiU. Olijcrt. Iciiimlorin I am ciriviiiu' ln'i', m' it. .11 llii(li,ri-'< 'I'lidU art ilii\ ill'-' liiT, III' it. n'liiihddoris Ilo i> ilriviiiv' liiT, ni- il. !/iibi'. /u//*i- iliinih, " I iini hunting- her," or "it," etc. The verl). To Lcinl, rhanij'os it into //r the ver}», compounded out of thi' siii'nilicant roots of its \ ariotis vcrlial and i^'rnmmatical memhers. Prefixes, s\iHixes, and incorporated elements of suliordinate jLirls nf speecli, are ,s() coml)ined as to lurnish the most delicate shades of cxpressjini. >iirh as ihc Knsrlish lanffuaii'e has only ac(pured at a late stati'e hy means of its atiKJliary vevhs: mid nil this in the hnm'uiiii'e of a people not only without letters, lull lai'kinu' the very iiidinn'iiis of civilization, in so far as that is dei>en(h>nt on a kiiowli'du'c of the arts The euphonic cliami'es which mark (he systematic transitions in ihe Mohawk laii- li'uane. thouirh hy no means peculiar to if. cannot fail lo nuakcii an interest in tin; ihouu'hful stuileiii. who rellects on the social condition of ilic pi'oplc anioim- whom this elahoraled vehicle of thouii'lit was the constraining!' power 1>\ means of which iheir chiefs and elders s\\ ayed the nations of the Iroipiois confedera''\ ,\ iih an cln(jii('ncc more power- ful and i)ersuasive than that of many civilized nations. They have hecn illustrated in the verb; but the same svstematic ai)i)licaiion of euphonic chaii"_'c ihrouoli all the transi- tions of their vocaluilary is .seen in the elaltorate word-sentences, so cjiaraiteristic of tho extreme lensi'th to which the incorporatinii' mode of striuture of the 'furanian family of laniyuau'es is carried in manvoi those si)oken })y the .Vmerican naticnis. The habitual con- centration of conn)lex ideas in a sinulo word has |on<>' been recoeiiized, not only as iiivine' a pecidiar character to many of (he Indian lanii'uau'es, but as one source of their adaptability to the aims of native oratorv. 1> rom tne :\ri issai'inise Its P.ib hot. Pro! essor Whit lleV not es a W( »rd of eleven svlhildes; and Gallatin pr odllces from the Cherokee another of les a (lescni)tive ilopl loloplirasin, and so aids Tin seventeen svllal>les. This l're<|uen(ly embodi native renderinii' of novel objects and ideas into a lanuuaii'i', the vocabulary of which is necessarily devoid of the recjuisite terms. Ihit in such cases the au'ii'lutinative process is obvious, and the (dements of the compounded word must he present to the mind of speaker and hearer. The Ennlish word '" almighty IS I Iself an e\ainiile of the process. It 1 x'comes in the Mohawk Praver Book sfslia/s/rtin-lisrniiiin/.vuli, \'\n\n .■o'sltn/slrlt, " you ar< stroni!'," and ahhrvLvnli. ''all," or "(he wlioh When the missionaries lirst undertook to render into the Mohawk language the gospels and service books for Christian worship, it I i I I, I 100 DAXII'L WILSON ON TlIK lIl'UON-IROCiUOIS OF I m;iy In' (I'iiIiIimI il' many ol'ilicir « oin I'lis li;id ever seen a slicci>. Jiul they li;nl lo rciirotliicc ill Mohawk this '.vi'in'i'al ((iiiri'^^itiii : " Wi' havi' rrvfcl mid .strnyinl IVoin Thy ways like loNt slii'i'p." ThrN tliil il arionliiiLiiv in tiiis ra>liii>ii : 'l'r)/iiLiii'inf€i\i/fii(/iiireiin/rsnr(>.>ii //(''••ii'iifliii- hdntgu'itixfilhii taisiihiilf tsinii/oiilil i/di/ii/iiiiiiulitoroiili lri/n(/itiii/,iir(nf(i witli small horns " The extreme lileraliiess oi' the reiiderinu- may pro- hahly strike ilie mind of ihe l''nuli>ii reader in a way that would not oiciir to the Indian, familiar with su.li ilcviiipiivi' hojoiihrasms. Hut it illustrates a dillieiilty with whieh Eliot wa> verv I'amiliar when eiejaiied on his Massaehusells Indian J?il»le. In (raiislalinii', lor example, tin' soiiu' of llehorali and llarak. where the mother of Sisera "cried throimh tho latliee." the e(„ul mi' rendered in i he IJlany. has the w ord " delivi-r '' repnxluced in Mohawk by aiies(iLili!tlii//iii/ii/,()li. \\ hich is lormed of iilKunisusko. " to lict, " or '" hrinu," and olii/ddit. "ahody." As to the Mohawk e(nii\alent for ' wondt." in the same seiiteiice, /.v/«f i;'7r>v/^A(/,(»///(, it need nut surprise us to lind that its literal simiilicaiice is "in the helly." The word, "'responses,'' wliidi in its pecnliar litiiryical siiiiiilicaiice was not to he looketl for in tlu' Mohawk \ay kdnini/nkili. "on the hlue;" so also /,iiriifi//ii/irninii/tli, "heiiu^' of the hlue," or "of heaven." i.r., heavenly. The examples ordilfereiit lluroii-Iroijuois versions of the Lord's Prayer lierc producod will hi'lp to illustrate tlic ( haracter of some of the leading forms of its dialei ts. Ihit the remark with whit h Mr. Hale, in the inlroduetiou to "The Iroquois l?ook of L'ites," concludes his insfaciivt. analysis <>[' the formation of the Irocpiois hiiiguatre, is worthy of special note. After indicatinn' the inarvellous jn-eservation of grammatical forms, not less eluhorate than those of Sanskrit or (Ireek, among unlettered tribes, he adds : " What is still more remarkable, a comparison of the Iroquois with the Huron grammar, shows that, after a separation whicli nnisi ha\i' exceeded five hundred years, and has probably exceeded twice that term, the two laiiLiuau'es differ less from one another than the French of the twelfth century diti'ered i'n.m the Italian, or than the Anglo-Saxon of King Alfred differed from the contemporaiy low (lerman speeili." - The first of the following versions of the Ixu'd's Prayer is of special interest as a specimen of the Hurfm lanunanc in a translation executed within twenty-five years after the destruction of the Huron settlements on tlie Georgian l?av. The copy which I po^sr-ss N ' When crnssinu' tlic >mp;ui in tlic S. .<. .'Sardinian, I was aniUMil Id linar tl,<( Inte Caiitain IMittcm iliroct his soamcn, when assminlnl r.,r i(.li._'i,,iis siTvi.c, t(, slnL'/-",-/ nml w./c'"..in7,— a sailer's rendering' (ifantiiilionai. - Till', irn(|n,,is i;n.,k nl jiii, v, , ,. n:;, r (!AXAI)A, A TYI'lCAFi l{.\('K ()!•' AMi;i!l<'AX A KOIMCINKS. K)l is iiutlK'nticatc*! l»y AI. Timl rirnnl TsiiSciiliolii, son ol' I lie liitc Iliivon ( liii-f, 'rMlinuvciirhr-, iUid is ai'cdiiipimicd l)y the roliowiiii;' mciiionuulmii, I'rnni (hi' i)i'ii ol' tlir |{c\.mvii(1 I';itlii'r, l)y \\ liom it liiis Imm'Ii traiiscrilx'd I'oc im' : '.li- soiis^siHnr icrtilic (juc la Inii'jui' iliinnim' u'ii |)as cliamyi'M'. ("est la inr-iiU' laii'^'iu- <|iii rtail pMriic rii \i'>~:',. ii(mi> n'iixoiis jias (I'atilrc I'dlfr (jiic ccliii. i|ui a rtr t'-cril par Ic lii'\ r-ri'iid iinv .I/'siiiti' ('liaiiiiiniiot, (pii rrsidajt ;, rain'ii'iiiii' Lon-ttc avci: lo Ut'-vrrciid pcii- Jcsiiilf ricrn' Martin iiouvart. i'in( mviir dcs Missions. JnsKl'll (iON/.Auii .if this spt'ciuu'ii ol' the lltiroii laiit-'ua'jf. dciivi'd rroiii one of the .rcsiiit iiiissioiiai'\ l'';itli''i> of ilm scvi'iitt'i'iitli I'cntury, with tlic sulisi'(|ii('iil Moliawk and liiKjUois vi'ision- ol' llir land's I'raj'cr. wlnTcvor the sann' tcnns urc used, sitvi's to iilu^traii' sonn' of tln' mndilicitinns that the lanii'uaii'o lias nndcrj^onc in tin- coiii'm' of liuii' and i'ldin lh<' dispcr>iun of lh<' vai'c. This is scon in sm li words as Iho iriiron urtniliiu.r. wliich in ihi' Iroipiois iii'coiiics Icnronhiiih', iiiid in the Mohawic /,(ir(>iih//fi/,(ii/li. Tin' old fnrni liihili-an is similarlv rlianui'd to fcsi/f'ron in the Irocpiois, and to li'ixhi^iilvronh in the Mohawk ; and >o in oIIht inslanoi's. \mN SkSa i.steii (If, nrniiiiii\,(^ liclsiln.ti aicsarliiciicl;teii>krii aiiis,iksa>ta>kin (Hir f'ltlii !• ill llii III linn llniii iii-t sitliiiij, iir iihiiliiiii, mnii tiiii innin I" ii'dlnl. imiii iri If iii^nl: /iw/'/iy. iiniiiliiii,(' aicsciKliiiorataskcu iiiiiidtMiilt' ia.scs "eskeu haiaSeiik elic^rialaii'vati. ill liiiiii II thnil liini/sl li'ii-i till ;i iiill, 'III till lurlli in lil.i inHiiii, r iiiU'J il hniiin a llml llnill Imst ihil irill. TaSaiiUDiitnskeii (^xelitate einlaio (I'draSoiistaksi u'duSt'iiiKHikSat taSiiiiiidiit i"enili iiuiijut tliiiii ijivi- J nun ii nil to ti nil llmt nhicli In nniljiil i,,r mir lit'r; ijui ii< nhn il'atoSi'iitiitd (rjiiiumlu'kSi. Sasanili.niiilirnk laiiiSari^aclrra.i ''n.«keiiaia>rii u'i'nilil.--'iiiSai|i,, ,111 hvns fill- tin: ihni tliiit aliirli niiiki K tn liir. J'lirilun im mn- iironi/'ilniiii/ii iik i''' /i'ii'iIiii n'oiixliiatiilali eiuioiicliieii (■(iii.Sasiclicii iiia tlf.ariSailcrai' a'^cti la.sa.aii'imicii d'nkaet. Inii.ti irliii iiji'i nil IIS. lit not urircniw ii.< tin itin .(// turn fi-mn n.^ tltati'il ; 'Tlu' (liivilms liiiNc .!.>.,•( rt:iiiii'(l iIkiI lln-rt' iiii' scvcnil tlmusainl nl' tliis Irilu" in biifh lt'lK'c jiiid ( >iil;iiic>, ;iinl tliat Cliicf Joseph (( Mioaki'iiriit) .'f Okii, ilic (nilisjiilor, \h (Ulitc ( (illl|n'trllt I 111 IS In Hi\ r. U jlll (heir ln'l|t, II irmid and llv.'l'lll \ I'lsinll nj' (lu« ( iuspcls lo liis own iH'dplc." 'I'lir icpdii of liic riillowiiitf yi-ar stall's thai an ('(liliuM <<[' n llidiisand copifs liail 1)1 'I'll i>riiit«'d 'riic ( )l, under ihe inlhieni «• oj' the l-'reiicli missionaries lt>l'l theii'oun people, and renio\iillo I, o\ver Canada, They were rhielly Mohawks, l»uL iinluded repvisi'iiiatix e,s of ilie other ■• nations," The hinu:itaii'e whieh Ihey slill .speak is sulisianiiallv the >anie as the Muliawk. tlioii'^h with i havartcrisiif local niodilica- lions, ("liiei' .losi'i)h '.II his iraiislatioii eniplo\s ihe iirinter's suhstituin of Ihe cypher H which was introdiiied iil an earlv dale l»v the l-'reiich missionaries to cepreNent holh the French on and the j'lnelish ir I'loper naiiies, snch as .Mmdiani. Jacob, Mury, etc., an! )>riiited ior tli<' nio.si imrt. wiili ihe laliiaN, in ordinary t\pi' Jhit win-re the true Indian orlhoepv is reproduced, "Mallhcw ' liecoines ^^iilio : thus "Joseph, thf husl>and of Mury," is rendered Susi- ii'Hii>^iiri : and the same inlluciice i.f the aliseiice of the laltials is seen in the i'ornis which such names occasionally assiinie in the old Moliawk I'rayer liook, I'.y. Wiin/ I'or •' Mary." .\i:i''irriili for " .Vhraliam," etc Cliii r Josejih (>ncsakeural was educated at St, Mary's CnllcLit', Monireal, and was I'or a time cnii>!oycd as secretary li\ the Siilpii iaii I'aihersai < >ka ( tii sulisecpieiitly joininL-- the Methodist Church, he stiulied I'nr I'oiir years in preparation I'or missionary work amoneoiile, >.o that his Innislatioii must l>e a'cepied as the work ol' an educated native, lro(|iinis. A e(,ni[iaiiMin liciwcen the laiieiuuie ol' this recent translation and tliat of tlie old Moliawk I'layer iHink is lull nrinterist At a lir^t glance the diU'ereiice appe:irs to he iiiucii :,;ieater ihaii provc> III lie the case on cJhm' invest iii'at ioii ; and is due, in a lar!.^e dciiree, 1(1 mere variatiwiiv in (Hlhoiiraphy . such as are iiii'\ italde wherever t wo or more students attempt iiidepeiideiitly to reduce all uiiw ritteii laiiL^iiaiie to dclinite I'orm. Thus we liiid lii/,X(iii'/iliii. tii/,iriiiifnh(i ; NonXr/i/siaLe, iiidiiiriin/uhr, i'ti\ Other changes iiiviri//(>slili, i'\r.: hut only one word in the lollowiiiLr InxjUois version oltlie Kurd's Prayer deviates essentially I'roiu tho ^lohawk. That is /a/.8(//-/S(//.s//(//, which I had rendered, from its jihne in the context, "lead us," Its prohalile (h'rivation and true si'jiiilicance are discussed heiow The Mohawk equivalent Avould he /ii/,!r(is'li(i,-iiiih/. Situated i',s the scattered memhers ol" this old race now are, widely severed, anil precluded linin intei.ourse, sinh dialectic diversities must lend to iiiiTcase. ('hani:i's both in diction and grammatical I'orms liavo necessarily arisen, not only from the long separation of tlie Irocjuois of eastern Caiiaihi from tlieir western con- licners. hut also from their admixture with Oiioiulagas and otliers speaking diU'ereiit dialects; nevertheless the laiiuuaiie is .siill siihslantially the same. The French mis- sionaries. ri'ionniziiiL;' the |a, i ;ilready noted, that in iioi I'tlie Irocjiiois languages is any distinction made heiween the >/ and /. the y (hard) and /,-, or then and //, have simpli- iied ihe alphahet hy using only the /,/.-, and n. The /( is used for the asi)irate, though sometimes it is the si-^'n of the uutteral cli ; and the en and an represent nasal sounds laniil.;ir lo ihe Irem li e;ir. The FiiLilish orthographv of the hiiieuage is at onee nioro complex and les> ((insistent with its iirtlioejiy, in the ellorl to represent unfamiliar Indian sound.'?. Iti tho i{ev. J A. Cuo(js '• Lexitjue de la i.aiigue Iroquoise," hegives " Kahnawu/ie, TAXAPA, A TYPK'ATi RACK OF A^n■;RI('AX AHOIilClVF-N. 103 IiiIm' 111 INIM'Is Id •'ll(l;inls K'liiirit's l\s, Imi, [•••Ilk is "xlilica- >t Itolil 'ti'., urn iidian Mary," si'i'ii ill lok, ^• •>■ Saiilt St. Li>uis, iKnii dc Himi d'Hil I'MrtliDLvraplif Aiiy-laisi- a Tail l'(iii liivf"), ill ilu' dill Moliiiwk I'layt'r linnk i>'iriini>i'i»iiili/iirii. n\u\ in tin- nnidirn (irtlio- tirai)liy ixti'iimmuililtu'ii. So iil.so /r.sv/,' iiv sanuhhi, " take up Ihy lied," of llic niodi-rn Iro(|Uoi.s yospcls IxToiiics /A'sri;/)'/.' ///' siihsi> into tliv lioiisi'," '\n ri'\\i\i'ri'*\ siisin^lii/iim/i/ /^ii/i'sinii)n^li^(>i/r. Tliiis a Iraiisliti'riition of IIh' old I^'iriiili ami tln^ modrrn l"]im'lish Vfi'sioiis yrcally rcduci's Ihc apparciil dissiniilaril y ln'twrcn tlif two spiTiniciis of Moliawk or Iiixniois. Tlit'sc variations, mainly due to a diU'crrnci' in tint ortlionrapliii- modt's ol' rcprt'sciilinii' Iho sanx' sounds, l»ut also indicativf of < lianj^os ill pronunciation, arc furtlu-r illustrated in. tlicir numerals. This will lie .^een ]>\- a eonipari- son of the soiies liere fiiven, with those in the preceding tables. They have been furnished to me by J. A. Dorion, an educated native Irocjuois who is now the teacher at the Oka Indian school : — 1, ('iiskii. L', tnkiMii. '.'i, nMcii. 4, kainri. !>, wi.sk. (1, iniuk. 7, tsiatdk. 8, HaUtkoii. I", tidtiiii. 10, liicri. 'Jku-le\vciiiiiawo. But, in addition to the ai)parout dissimilarity arising from variations in orthography; th»^ dialectic diU'ereiices, i)roduced l>y upwards of a century of sei)aratioii between the Moliawks of eastern and western Canada, throw an interest iiiii' liijlit on the more com- prehensive process of chaiii^'e which resulted in the oldei dialect.^ of the Six Nations, and the dillereuce of all of lliem from the TTuron tongue. The iollowing is the Oka Iro(juois version of the Lords Pravt^' as it occurs in the Oth chapter of tho Gospel of Matthew : — 'I'UV. LolMi'.S l'I!.\Yi:i{ I'lioM T''F. litiM^nns (iOSl'KI.^. lakSnifiilm no knnpiiliiiiko IcsitiMdii, nii'snscniiuit^ii iiicsaSunniidstivko Our j'litliir iti llii- Itainn Ihim iirl iibiilinn, iitnij Ihij mime lie i.mlUil ; imnj thou he iil>eijid rally the delinite particle ; /.r, is tlu; locative particle. Oroiilu'ii, or Huron nnmhia,i\ as already noted, is 'i)lue ; " hvronhid, " in the blue,"' i.e., heaven ; nonimi/siaki'. " on," or " in the earth :" onirai- tsia, with the deiiiiitt^ particle prefixed, and the locative particle as a suiiix. AiesaM'iitmien, " may thy name be exalted," is from kasennii, " name," with the verbal prefix iiie^d marking the second person singular of the subjunctive mood. Takimnoiit is from on, " to give," proco- 1 104 1V\N'IKI, WILSON ON TIIK Ill'IlON-IWOt^UolS op / tlod by till') oiiipitsiti' ]>ir)iirtun lukifiin. 'X\w word hinikoiiolia, "niiiid, " jh louiul in ii nuinhi-r III' (It'iis iiti(tii> iiiid 1 iHiipcuiids, as iii ixiilxliiiiilniiiiiikaiiln, rciidnrd lit'ciy "wln'n'iii any diic olli'iids 111'','" I'roiii ilii' .••aiiic nmt, /{iisnsteiistrn. " powci," is iVoni hsuffr, " to \>o Hlroiif? ; " kiiHrnliinscni, " liloiy, is troiii Lnnioiilun, " lo admin' ; " ihi' smi aildcd to the root-wonl jjfivcH it the valii'- of an al>strail noun, as, in lln' l']nuli>li, " >lronp ' licronii's "ulit'iij^tli." 'l'ii/,ii-iin'irii/,irii,ii is a iniiijionnd \vlii> h pu/zlrd me, and on toiis»iltinl mean "lead I'rom us," or Honie .siidi iil(';i, Mr. Hale >nj.'L''esl.'' ilial il i.>^ a i onii^'und fA' /.uriini, " lliinif," or "aet," as in /iiin'u'diirrni. " wroiin-dniiiL^.' and hlnnrillin "to remo\ e. " or " \n\[ aside." H'so, it expresses in a Word llie entire i>eiition. "deliver u> I'roui evil." The lolIowinLr version of the Lord's IVayer is IVoni the Mohawk Prayer Hook still in use aiiiiiiiir ill.' Six N:ili..ii Indians on llif (iraiid Ivix.'r, w.'stern Ontario; but whieh, as ii traiishition, is tiiUyone hundred and Nev.iity years ohl. K eoinparison of it with the more recent Iid([iiois translation i-> interisliny in various ways. l'"irst tli.'re are the sliifht varia- tions notii'ialil.' in the same, or nearly similar worils. Shor^^irnnilin, "(hir l'"uther," of the one. hecotucs ill tlu' other liil,ii'i:!iiihit . the hniiinhiinhoiih. ' in heavoii," cd' the older \i'isio)i, h:is .ippar.iilly aininuiiciation in the hiiroithinkv of the latter. j\u'ain, the ni-inif::liii'riitsijn/,e, "on," or " in the lll/. nil: i,<'Ki>> ri:\vi:i; in .nkhi.wnk. s i.K'jjw jinilin I i ('»/■ J'iilhir ni.c.la\M;:lil'' Il/ill/ il ...l/lr ii.'*kni'>.iiliy!iU.>iili in /i.lM. )). of kiir. ■iili\iiK..Mli ti':_'liHi(lt.riiiili wagwa>:lisi .n ^.'\\al^\\al..ii^;li l!-iiny..|ilil iii-.K'ky.iiililm t.' xce foT{livi tluia iii-«a(.aktiiyal.swaii'a ni'.mi t..i;lisa ln>:\\ii'.'li-lirtiiii.'t t.'\\a.la.ii'aiiaki'rai,'Iit.>i'ke iiok lln:-; II I,,, hiinl.r lis. I, r II, I ill imr iinii; ,1,1,1 'luiiiil lnnl iin I, rijitntiiiH in, I'Ul |.i.ila'_'«iiya.lMl."li )', (/. . m IIS, i,r s'li; in, ii.'-k:i.-'lial>li':iu'li'. la Il aii\ >!ii.l.iii ..I .\iii.!i.-;iii .iliiioiony t,i \\ ii,,iii tlir Inreuoinir remarks presonl featuri'.«( l-llli..'\M vh.r. iii\ ...liivli.'ali it (••. 1 nl ; ik.-a ii'Sii „r,iiis, till, II hau.'aiik III II 111'- ia> am rtHlicrali / iiiijiliiiii iii'.iii II, III Il.-nlli iii'-.i wi'.-ica^rlil.tli.ia ;//•./•./, Iiii/i/iiii, .^n, iHiniM'alii aw.' II. 'iii i„l t'liniyialieawe. /'./'. I'l r. 'r.'st. wil ■pi'.-ai 1 ll.iolV J "in ,1 iii.ip of ihi' iiorlhciii conlineiil, and trace out the wand.riiius of tjn' Huron-Iroquois rac as lur.' indicated, he mu.'it rovert in fanry tr CANAHA, A TYIMCAI- UACK Ol' AMKUICAN AIUtKhilNKS. 105 'I iMitiiltfr III iiiiy Olio \i/>srns, " it Niroiijf ; " lord hIvcm li." < >i(>iiliya- (lii'ivlorc, [ill Us, " or lti(," UN in |i'X[>r«'KN(>H f'fill ill liirh, as a ill"' moro jIil vnriii" ol" th.' r \('isi<)ii, h"' laHcr. nlliolhcr tlic same or Avhich 11 shown, i>pliiasiiiH •viatioiis, I form ol' K'lali iiiim (iiilit ( h imilariik lirmil, iyostoaiiia liiin •kn iiok iii'diii rt'aturos out tiio inry to that rt'iiiutt' ti'iiim^ uhcii roiilrdi'ialrd iuMjiini.s and AI^^Hiikiiin .swipi in liimiiphanl fury through Iht wiihlcd valley of Ihc Ohio, and iciMatt'd llnrc what Uotli aiiltli'd and hiini-ris ili/cd MouikU Iluihh'iN, or Aliii^vwi, as wc arc liarniiiy to rail liirin, lied hijoiv t!if luiious (Hisct, h-av- \\\\r thi' ^nal ri\ cr-valiiy a di'Ntdatc wafsti-. 'i'ln- harriiT of an ohl-M'tl led and well- oi^aiii/i'd ronimunity, wlii< li, inohably lor i''nturics, liad ki-pt Aiinricas northern hat- Itariaiis in chi'ik, was removed; and llie lieree llnnin-inKjunis Kloeji ran<4'ed at will over the eastern regions of the eoiitineiit, far M>uth\var»l of Iho Korth Carolina river-valleys, where the Nottowayn ami Tuscaroras fouml a now honn-. As to the Notloways, they appear to have [lassed mit of all renieniheraiiro as an Inxjuois trihe; yet it is snggestive of a long-forgot hen ehupier of Indian history, tliat tiie name is still in use among the northern Algonkins as ihu ilosignation of tlm whoh) Iroipiois stock. The Nottawa-saga is, doubtless, a nienioriul of their i)resence on the Georgian Hay; and tlie Notaway (Aitlif/iiliire) Kiver whieh fulls into Ihidson Day ut James Hay, is so named in memory of lIuron-lro(|noi8 wanderers into that Algonkin region. ►Some jxinioii of the ancient Huron slock tarried on the hanks of tiie St J.awrence, in what is known to us now as tlie traditional cradle-land of those Caiuulian ahurigines. Others found their way down tin' Hudson, or selected new homes for themselves on the rivers and lakes that lay to the west, till they reached the shores of Lake Erie ; and all that is now the i>o[>ulous region of Western New York was in occupation of the Iroquois ra( e. Feuds broke out between them and the parent stock in the valley of the St. Lawremc. Tht y me ted out to them the same destruction as to strangers; and the surviv ors, altaii- doniiig their ancient home, lied vvestward in search of settlements beyond their reach. The Cleorgian Day lay remote from the territory ol' i he Iroquois, but liie nations of the Wyandot stock sprc ' beyond it, until the ^liagara peninsula andtln- fertile regions between Lake ILiioii and Jji.l'e Erie were occupied liy them, and the Niagara river alone ki'pt apart what were now hostile tribes. Hut wherever wi' are al)le to apply the test of linguistic evitleiici' their allinities are placed beyond dispute. (>n the otln'r hand, the mu Itiplicalioii of dialects, and their development into separate Jangmiges, are no h apparent, and in many ways lu'lp to throw light on the histi>ry of the race. The old Huron mother-tongue still partially preserves the lal)ials which have disap- peared from all the Irocpiois languages. The Mohawk api)roaches nearest to this, and appears to be the main stem from whence the other languages of the Six Nations liave branclied oil", lint the diversities in speech of the various members of the ion l'ees, or " nations," l)el ore they were induced to recognize the claims of consanguinity, and tol)ainl together for their common inierest. Some of the diversities of tongue, specially noteworthy, have already been pointed out, such as the >• sound which predoniinales in the Mohawk, whih^ the/ takes its place in tiie Oneida. In the Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca, ihey are no longer heard. The last of these reduces the i>rimary I'ornis to the narrowest range; but i)eyoiid, to the westward, the old Erics dwelt, speaking it may be presumed, a modilied Seneca dialect, but of which unforlunately no record siirvises. As lo the Tu.scaroras and the Nottoways, if wo knew nothing of their history, their languages would sulllci" to tell that they had been longest and most vvidely separated from the parent slock. Soc. It., ISM. 11. 1 I I I 106 1>AMKI, WILSOV (1\ Tiri' lirRON-HfOiaiOIS. li )> not uiil.,.„| i„(„,v>l („ nnl,. in , oMrlusi,,,, (l>at tli.- mail, l.odv (.111.,, ivpn-sonl-v- iivos of tlio ivaiums of th.. n.uin.l Inui-iois L,..-.,.., sprung- Irom f ho nur...i-lr,„iuoi. «t..rk ol oiKstorn CiUKuln.-MlIrr M.jouniino- i;.r.v..luri,.s l„.y..ut U ,.la.s,.d wholly apart iVoni (ho sotilors on tho Urand IJivr rosorvos Tho a( or ar,. a h.d.ly .ut.lH.vnt. . ivilix.d p.oplo.moro and moro adapting tlu.nsolvo. tc tho halM s ol tho .stranuvr nnmi.ranis who havo supplantod (horn ; and aro do.s(inod as oor- tain y o morgo n,(o (ho prodonunant racv. as (ho wa(ors of thoir anoiont lakos mingh: and are lost n. tho (van. lot (ho prooos. Is no long.r ono of oxtinotion. hut of absorption ■ wl! ;■''.:;"!"">■ ^;:;"' --l;"-'^ *■-'- of tho Amorioan autochthonos, similar to thoso wu.h .snd, u. (ho Molanoohro, of Europo, porpetuate .some othuical memorial of it« alloj)iiy]ian racos. rcpn'soiilrt- ([Uois Ktoik ililio tradi- It'gonds of it'gis, Oka, ' oCQuinti', Hlod to Uic Miviviiig takon as a Maiiiloba, the Norlh- rvcs. Tho Ivc- tc tll<' lU'd as rt'v- iiiiiglc and bsorptioii ; ir to thoso rial of its {,'1 \