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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 MicRoconr resouition tbt chart (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) 1^ 1^ ^ 1^ u 12.0 ^ /1PPUEDIN/HGE 1653 East Main Strmt Rochester, New York U609 USA (716) 482 - 0300 - Phofw (716) 288 -5989 -Fax inc tw?%\dr ' +i+:+:+:+ U.ight9ou§ — Htitmonf -- Piit« -■■■ CHINA AND THE BOXERS -i ■I i DS 77] ■ .r^' ' - ■ -7^7 ^Hj -fe: 1901 t ^' ' " 4. J ; \: -..■.■';,,,■ r • jiiji . ■'■■■ ^ ^"-: ■■: '. ■/-.■: --■''■'' X, ■■ .-, . .;;.-. , . , . -, ■■ .-. ■:,JT-: ■ ■ ' ' ■; ^: P^i. ::■ . ■ :-::-:-b;n '■^i^^mii -''^r.r^.m '^^^wv n c^ t^i:ii I f CHINA AND THE BOXERS. A SHORT HISTORY ON THE BOXER OUTBREAK. WITH TWO CHAPTERS ON THE SUFFERINGS OF MISSION- ARIES AND A CLOSING ONE ON THE OUTLOOK. ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ BT Rev. Z. CHAS. BEALS, «*«««• ^ "China Mcsenf^r.'and Pastor oj Orace Church, m.hn and Han Shan Haien, China. TORONTO WILLIAM BRIGGS 1901 oea/s XC V) ^'JISM^ -d''Lt»S^;S°^''' *° ^'•1^— thousand at the Department of Ag^uJt^. "''^ Claiuck Stephknson, K, w TO TH. MEMORY OS THE MANV MISSIONARIES AND NATIVE CHRISTIANS WHO HAVE NOT COUNTED THEIR LIVES DEAR ONTO THEMSELVES, BUT HAVE GLADLY t-AID THEM DOWN FOR CHRIST, IS THIS VOLUME REVERENTLY DEDICATED. CONTENTS. Preface Page. Introduction 9 Chap. I. The Boxer O^^z.^^ ^ ^ ^ ;'[ ^" I "• ^^^'^^^« ^o« THE Movement. . [^ „ "^- ^^^^^N^NG OF THE Trouble. [l . ;^- ^-«- Sevmour^s Reuef Column: .' .' .* '5 V. Siege OF Tientsin ^ VI. Relief OF Tientsin. ^^ VIII. MOHOE. OK X„H Ge.„.« MzmsTEK .«0 Japanese Secretary IX. The Siege of Peking * '. l^ X. The Relief of Peking. . ;; XL T„. SUKKEH^O OK FoKEic^HHS.' [ [ [ [ [ [ [ \^ All. FucHT OF A Mission ;; XIII. M. XH. MissioxA^iHs r™;3.,,: ;;;j XIV. The Future Outlook. 139 d PREFACE. After being forced to leave his work in China, the au thor felt compelled to publish in popular form a reliable book on the "Boxers," their origin, outrages ai.J the world-wide commotion they have caused. .\s there had been many wild and groundless reports, he tried to ascer- tain the real facts and give to his readers the thrilling events as they occurred in order. The Boxer movement has been one of the greatest crimes of the nineteenth century. It has paralyzed not only China, but the world. Nor is the end yet in view. Every one should study to know the real cause of the present trouble, and so watch with interest future de- velopments. There is now no doubt but that there was4)Ianned in Peking by the heads of the Chinese Government one of the most fiendish conspiracies to drive out or exterminate all foreigners and Western civilization, and also stamp out every trace of Christianity from among the natives. Their plans were kept secret for a long time, but docu- ments have been secured which implicate the highest of- ficials. Instances were found where Governors and Vice- roys offered and even paid for the heads of foreigners from $30 to $100 per head. The Governor of Shan-si, the human monster, beguiled into his Yamen (official residence), on the pretext of protection, fifty-one men women and children, and then horribly butchered them in 8 PREFACfi. -■«; ter how h.>rthe offil. •°"" *"" "'*" «''*' "° ""^ they Jou f s^:t ;lr r' r- " *"°"'<' ^^^o""- other hand, .hose wh'ot^' sholTh :?:!:•. ^T *' such as the two Vicerovs of th v ■ ,?^ ' "andness, who has wfSen a »™»i^ru" ^'"' ^'^' Tientsin, Movement^and fr„r i- ^°''' '"""«' '"^he Boxer ah.e tho„,itslV Xt: - ,"- f " -"^ valu- ing almost entirely his^Uo V n ^ chapters be- D- D., for his ^LmofVl "■ .^'^'^ ^'^' "Shanghai Mercu^!^ '^' '*'"» '"» «he The author has been nine venn !« r-i.' ary, and understands the viewrwWc^^h" ?t?"^'^'°"- regarding the foreigner and with ? *^'"'" '«"<" ahle to present facts'^^h hi ^^ n^'' ' '7^?* '» been a visitor or riobe-trott^r »7 l\ "* '"'' only because of limited sMce hT ^''"' '"*' •««• °"'««> volume to give the Se "a' cZrt:' "f"* 'T" '" *" have transpired within the pa yea "d 7 ? ""^ To™„o,a,t.j„,,.t,„,. ^ =""■■"'« INTRODUCTION. The Chinese problem is a world-wide problem, and every civilized nation is concerned in its solution Withm a few decades the restless, aggressive, and some- what dictatorial civilization of the West has collided with the inert and intensely conservative semi-civiliza- tion of this part of the Orient, and one or the other must give way. Which shall it be ? Not very long ago a problem somewhat similar was presented in the case of Japan, ai.vl the Japanese were confronted with a situation that seemed to threaten their very existence as a nation ; but with a celerity that fairly took the breath of the western nations, Japanese statesmen rose to the occasion, changed in a day the traditions, laws and customs of centuries, and so adjusted their govern- mental machinery to the new conditions of the times as to bring Japan abreast of other nations, who are now glad to acknowledge her as a great worid-power to be reckoned with in all future international questions. Less happy has been the fate of China. The few statesmen she possessed who might have saved the nation, have been thwarted in all their endeavors by Court intrigues and a reactionary policy. They saw •the storm coming but had no power to arrest it and now they are trying to save what the hurricane has to iNtRODUCtlON. the™uialSloit^';'"5p™°'« « to be feared from of the Chm^dMoml* **'" '""" *' ""f' on'with^"^^"'^ *= '■'""=''« of Christendom look on w,th profound interest, not unmixed with anx «y J^slh T^^"^ evangehzation, and hope and pray lur sucn a settlement of orespnf ri;«;^ i!- remove some of the chief Lrr.^'^' ^ ^"' At such a time relffhl r ' *° evangelistic work, th. ru- ! ^^^^ information about China and ou b'ekToTlr^''"^"'""' *-* Boxer, a^/th^ this vow °pS^s Tr'*?''- r' ^"^^ ''"''°™"'°" Wide circulation. ' ' ^^ ^*" ^^^^ » January 23rd, 1901. A. Sutherland. THE BOXER ORGANIZATION, Chapter I. The I-Ho-Ch'uan (Righteous Harmony Fists or Vol- unteer Bands), commonly called the "Boxers," is a secret society who made its present appearance over a year ago in Northern Shantung province. It rapidly attracted multitudes of men, both young and old, who formed themselves into small bands of gymnasts. Each band was conducted by a "demonized" leader, who, by the selec- tion of an Cfpileptic patient or by the aid of hypnotism, caused a "medium" to display wild and unnatural symp- toms or to utter strange and peculiar speech, this serving as a basis for the claim of this society to spiritual power. Every follower was assured ol immunity from death or physical injury— their bodies being spiritually protected from sword cuts and bullets. In order to present this matter intelHgentb, it will be necessary to give a brief summary of the uprising from Its beginning. While confined principally to Shantung and Chihh Provinces, it affected seriously all Christian work in the North, and rapidly assumed vast proportions and spread like a forest fire from village to village. Most of the statements given below are those which have been communicated officially to the Foreign Min- isters by the missionaries, and they do not include the re- ports of innumerable outrages of which we have not full information. 12 CHIJfA AND THE BOXERS. broad-swords, and in s^mecas^^lT' '""^' "'^^ nast^c exercises and drills weT^^nt ''•'"t ^^- <^/ villages, and the Boxers Zl ^ ^ °" "' hundreds ^-" of rising against the Lrn CaTr" ' *'^^^ ^"*^"- resented to the multitudes r.^..'^^'"- '^^^>' ^^p- Goveniment were w th H? "'" sympathies of the '•fxalt the dA rn'dXTe'th^e'r^ '' ^ -^^°' placard, which was widelv T 1 ! ^^^eigners." One follows: ^'"^^^y circulated by them, read as "Yn7^^ ^N^VERSAL BOXER SOCIFTv Vou are personally invited to mlT ^"P^^Y. of the ninth moon ""^^^ ^" ^^^ seventh day ;;E|evate the Manchus, Kill the foreigners, ^^^Unjess .his .„„.„„, , „^^^ ^^^ ^^_.__ _^^^ ^^^^ .raXtreir;:.;'';^^^^^^ - .'-d the ^ove^ene the natives in boft CaSa"d prn7?'''"^ '''^''^' '"d the sufferers. Hundreds of nairfa"?"' ''""■'*~ *'« homeless, many were ■..lied anH ,h ^ ' *"* '""'«'•'<' 'ooted and burned and obb;d "„d t.f r"' ""'''^«'' apparently beyond control I„n f """' *«y "ere alone, the homes of two huL^T**'' '" °"« district looted and burned, all r^ilahu"' '"'»"■« have been the sufferers forc;d to flee ' ithT? ~"''^'«'' ""d clothing, in ,he midst of an unu ^n 'T^ "^ »"««ent were captured and heM for 11 ^ '°^ "'"'"• Some to temples and forced to knedTf ' T"' ""' '""^en many of them were tken rlv ' '• ''*'" "°'^- ''« such aid and protechon ,. ^ ""s^-onaries and given protection as was possible. In the m^^ f : i THE BOXER ORGANIZATION. ,3 time the officials were wliolly unmindful of the terrors ZTr^ ""•. ?."'"■• " " "°" known that °h fonner Governor of Shantung (Yfl Hsien) had encour- aged and aided the Boxers in their organization and ^« with the approval of the Central GovLment What «emed at first anti-Catholic, then anti-Christian not proves to go deeper-it is anti-foreign. The PekW asT:ro"f :^' f ""= ^•"'"^ ^^ >«""<>'^.- f°™"d r,ir ° cu "* '° P""^^'"' ">* encroachments of the TZth: 1^""""^'"" '" ^"P^^ '"' Government wkhl n^*^ ^^ ^ ^^^ "°""S "'""' °" "-checked, not- withoandrng repeated warnings and petitions both from the native sufferers and the missionaries. The Minister^ P^mpUy reported to the Tsung-Li-Yamen (plr^ B:! te?s from th T"°V''^'^''' "■■"' '" ^P"e of polite let- to nidi I, r^'^'"^^'"' "°"""ff ^ '^»y done to put down the Boxers. On December ii« Mr ij V of the English Church Mission,:as c«t^•theC- of the situation was revealed. S'lmy If we p back two years we find the Germans reauired h. d,smis«d of Li Ping-Heng, then Governor 0^5^ the"!d"t tt^'pl^'V'"" P""'' -'« murder d't" j""& F" ii-yung (not to be mentionprl fnr employment again). This same man also was Z in I new and highly influential position, created for W sole use, where his power is almost unlimited. Recen7 h s L. Pmg-Heng, once in disgrace, but now in office Ind favor was recommended to the throne as oneC and patriotic and to be implicitly trusted. Yu Hsfen wh„ succeeded him as Governor of Shantung, aboTeft at Ick of rum behind him and gave ,o the Boxts a new Cof '4 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. «fe Such is Chi„escdup.ici.y-,u,h i, China', hop.,...- '■•on. a^d half of 'h „X"? "°"^''' '° "■« »«<««■ "BOXERS" READING PLACARDS they were asked for nformS V^ V°"" ^"'^ '' ants, therefore, belieT X "' " ''\~»« »««d- which was to be an.More^ "' '"^ '**""'' ca.«:;'u;ortSei::^,^r -sf^^^^^^^^ >-'«' -p. I' vxc lo rise up and exterminate the THE BOXER ORGANIZATION. 15 foreigners. The following one, a fair sample of many, was posted on the walls of Peking: "Our Emperor is about to become powerful. "The leader of the 'Boxers' is a royal person. "Within three months all foreigners will be killed and driven away from China. "During forty years the Empire has become full of foreigners. "They have divided the land. "The Kwo-wen-pao (Chinese newspaper) always talks nonsense about the 'Boxers,' since it is under the protection of Japan. "We remind the Editors that he- .-after they must not talk nonsense; if they continue t do so their building will be burnt. "The Brethren need not fear. 'There are 100,000 (? E. G. A.) in the North. "When the foreigners are driven away. "We will return to our hills !" One of the many charges against officials in connection with the I-Ho-Ch'uan rebellion is given below against H. E. Yu Hsien, late Governor of Shantung: "That knowing the existence of the I-Ho-Ch'uan in his province, on a large and threatening scale, a societv wholly contrary to the Imperial laws, and in previous reigns severely punished, he took no steps to antagonize It. That after a fight had taken place in October, between the provmcial troops and the Boxers, the said Governor was very angry that about a hundred of the latter had been killed, although told by military officials that the en- counter was unavoidable. That he encouraged the Box- ers by releasing the prisoners taken in that action re- quiring no .PTuaranty of good behavior, to the immediate 16 «■"* A»o TBI *,xui mcourajement of ,h<. ... * «'« up ,he cau5. aft t?^^?' *""> '■•d 6«n «, '"-X^ rrf -^-fe jti-r ''^ "wmorial lo the ^ ' °*" hand. 7W ^ ~* Y •"^CXveTLo'r"'?'''' '"nsferred to Sh '"ent was if ^^ ^^^*^^ ^''^^ show thaf fi, « °n the above rl "' P™'ect.o„. v'!^ **''*'' "P b s*-<"n^;:;^«^'v;f^'''-toj:^, -;;^.n.« orcumstances aii ,• ^ "^«^ hardly sav*!. * ^**" ^ • MfT L '^ousands of th^ t *^ * standstill T». «"•«, native o^^.'.*« ^nWoreign ,ff!.* '? ""o "wtter. Edicts ofX?™'^'"' ""<' forei^' ^t^""? ""-^ion- *« Boxers Ti,' "'O""?*! the laZ. '"" '°°" ^d fonnatr^'of **%? "^ '"««»* t^e ^i' '» J°" *" fetdy to *^^tly pro. "g to allow m into the ' 'fnown tt- hening the '•^'w of the 'crnor had ^ * secret oyment of ffners out =>n to the REASONS FOR THE MOVEMENT AND OUT- BREAK. Chapter II. Th^« Lftl' "«'"■".'"«. ha, usually a central cau».. rule, of sufficient force to cau..- , rising in themselves contents The Boxer movement has un-.aestionably had ILt t "T'- "" "'""'' »"'* '""""P' of the for- Zv ;•„ pL'"* " '"":"■ "" """" "' 'he dominant party m Pekmg; on such it based its hopes of success I think we may be «.fe m giving besides the first or ^t central cause five others which helped to bring to a^s- them m order, as follows: ^ /orri^Lr T' '*"'"'«'»*• "»""«#' o„d haired of aCfT ; Jhe reason for this hatred was brought W L r 'h? '^"" ^™'" '°™>'" then,selves. S^. suits by the natives who entered the church f esoeciallv d« Iwith^L'" « ^ r' °"^ ^"'"" """ Ministers to d^ with Chinese officials as they should have been dealt All who have lived in China know how the fore!<™,r «.d his way, have been despised. The poorest bSl^ i8 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. the Street would not exchange places with the best of them. All droughts, famine and pestilence of every kind is attributed to him. A translation of a Boxer placard which we give below will give some idea of what we mean : "Greater calamities stir have overtaken the nation. Foreign devils come with their teaching and converts to Christianity, Roman Catholic and Protestant, have be- come numerous. Telegraphs and railways have been es- tablished, foreign rifles and gims have been manufactured, and machine shops have been a delight to their evil na- ture. Locomotives, balloons, electric lamps, the foreign devils think excellent. The Volunteer Associated Fists will have a row with the devils. They will burn down the foreign buildings and restore the temples. They will extirpate the evil demons and establish right teaching— the honor of the spirits and the sages— they will cause to flourish their sacred teaching. Within three years all will be accomplished. The bad will not escape the net and the goodness of the gods will be seen. The secrets of heaven are not to oe lightly disclosed, but the days of peace to come are not unknown." Millions of people therefore believed that the time had come to expel the foreigners from China. The con- tinuous drought and the imminence of famine is repre- sented by wilful agitators to be through the anger of the gods against foreign heresies and ways. In many districts reports were spread as to emissaries of the foreigners going everywhere poisoning the water, and the poor deluded people, well nigh frantic with ter- ror, cleaned out their wells, guarding them day and night, planting red flags on their houses to keep away the evil influences, and, lastly, joining the Boxers, who taui^ht REASONS FOR THE MOVEMENT. 19 that by the aid of their charms victory against the for- eigners was certain, when all their troubles would end. The foreigners in building their railways disturb their dead, so they claim, and this in itself is enough at any time to create a riot in China. Foreigners think nothing of removmg their dead, but to the superstitious Chinaman It means much. This great hatred of all foreigners and foreign mnovations, with contempt for the Yang-Keo-tsi (foreign dog), is the first great cause of the trouble. WHY THIS HATRED? ^' First, abuse from foreigners themselves. This point is best told by a Chinese gentleman, Mr. Wong-Kai- Kah, and what he says is not exaggerated, but put in a mild form. This kind of abuse is seen in any place where the foreigner lives. The Chinese are counted as dogs, made to be kicked, and kicks they get. There are exceptions, thank God, but even those are few and far between. Mr. Wong, in a letter to the "N^rth China News," says ; "I read in your to-day's issue a short notice of an al- leged assault by four foreigners on the Bubbling Well Road on a messenger in uniform of the Chinese tele- graphs on the night before last. I have heard of late several instances of foreigners committing unprovoked assaults on the natives, and I have seen with my own eyes during the past two days two instances, which I will now relate. A shabbily dressed, emaciated and sickly-look- mg Chinese was walking along the edge of the sidewalk on Nanking Road when a foreigner walked up from be- hind, pushed him off the sidewalk and kicked him There was plenty of room for the foreigner to walk past; as I nave said, the Chinaman was on the edge of the sidewalk . A-ai^ws^ liMJffcgiMt.:.:.' € *i-i,?v. 20 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. ^awlc^f r' TT'^ '" ^ongkey,. A white-haired hawker with a basket of mud dolls, was crossing the s ree when he met a foreigner coming from the op^site direction who shoved him aside and with his stick Tuck the mud dolls, a few of which were smashed, not costing much perhaps, but they are the means of his livelihood. m both cases the foreigners were decently dressed and endowed with all the physical qualifications that na- ture has to give, and in both cases the victims walked away without a word, but the sullen looks on their faces betrayed powerless rage and bitter resentment at the un- just treatment they had received. "Some foreigriers in these settlements may, in the pride of their strength, consider the knocking about of natives simply a lark, and of no consequence. Yes, they may be safe enough when troubles come, but think of the mis- su^naries with their families in the isolated places, and think also of thousands of innocent Chinese who will be mvolved in the general ruin. It would be too much on ZV^'l-l'^r^ 'f^ foreigners to come down from their lofty attitude, to be friendly to Chinese; all I have to re- quest of them is to behave in a gentlemanly manner, s^hcSs'' *^''' '''^" ^'"'"''' ^""^ ^" ^^'"^ let'JrTi^ *,^'"^ ^''"' ^^'' ^^''°'' ^°^ publishing this letter. Should it ever meet the eyes of the two for- eigners whose exploits I have described, may they take no offense, but may they be more temperate in their ac- tions m future, and may they utilize their courage and prowess to better purpose for their own sake, for the sake of the interests of the commonwealth, and for the sake of the good reputation of foreigners in general. ^ *"^' "^"•' Wong Kai-kah. KJZ^ :J^r-'-; SIR Cr.AUD MACDOXALD, RRlTlSII MINISTKR TO PKKING. REASONS FOR THE MOVEMENT. Jt Second, political "land grabbing." There are matters to be considered which have had a great influence in bringing on this hatred and which has exasperated the Chinese beyond measure. There was the war with France of a few years ago and the appropriation of a no small slice of Chinese territory including Tong-King and Annam. There was the Japan ' ese war, and China lost Formosa, which was followed in the appropriation by Russia of just so much of Man- churia as she might be disposed and able to occupy from time to time. There was the seizure of Kiao^how by the Germans, followed by the friendly (?) ceding of Wc-hai-wei and Kow-loong to the British; the opening up of mines and railroads, which was thought by the Chinese (stupidly, of course, but nevertheless a v-ry im- portant fact) to disturb the repose of the dead and bring calamity upon the living. Some of these innovations of civilization were introduced in a manner not calculated to thelhl ri T °^ '^' ^^^''^ °^ ^^^^buse them of the though that their nation was certainly to be cut up mto morsels for the benefit of the all-absorbing for- eigner. ^ If we could but for a moment see ourselves as the Chinese see us, we should recognize at once that our un- b^shing despoilment and proposed despoilment, thinly veiled under the phrase "spheres of influence," was suf- ficient to aiouse the deepest animosity in the heart of every patriotic native, except such as have lost a" hope of regeneration from within. ^ uni^lTZ-r^'^Pr'* P"^"'^'^ '" ^^"^ <^°"tains col- umns of How shall we divide China," etc., ^tc which if shT'Jd r T ^°""^^' --^^ -ate ri^ and b ^! shed, and the editor would be arrested as a traitor ^Id 24 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. banished from the lati>) .-j .i. The officials have bad^i"'"^ '"' '°' ^^^ » C^inT "self the spirit of revenge and a^', •*''" '" *« «"« this has arisen. The cou« .^ ».<'«»«"nination to oppose country could be «.vS &' t"™"'^,' "«'•<'«' "»^ *e help of the Boxerrwho SataT" ^ *' P°"«" •'X . ;rvation from death. Ther 'fo" '"t """"'"' P"'" Tuan and Kang-Yi were rf!!? \. -^""^ *"'• P™ce Cniefs of the "VoIunSr h1™ ''" ^"^ ^ ** Supreme T"an, if not a sch^a Tnd ^^^ ^''''■" '""- P™" a brave man, and worthy of a to 1' h T" "' '"^ "" he fatuously chose for himself w ,1 "" """ ">« "hich with wiser counsels tkanftoie o^h """' "'"'"■■°" »"<» he might have done real „^ !*!"""'''« Ka-g-Yi that he has nearly s„cc«dSfn h ""=■ ^""■"'- "« "»- an end, he must suffer for 1 L""^"^ *e dynasty to n«s. A semi-barbarian Prin r;™""' P""<^ "J "sh- t"ot in his own «va^ way An^Tu *" ^""^ » Pa- edly an element of hfroiZ i„ 1 "* "*' '"'<''»bt- eve-ything to realize hrMell an^d""!!' "'"' ''''^'=«' ' ■"dpities inflicted by the world . "i";. """» ^ ** fhallenge the civilized „a«onro1;h *J' "^'^ *« .mperial sceptre from his ha„ds """" '" '*«« *e iiird, oppression and Iaw«,it. i, .. have entered the church (eSv p'' *%"»«ves who that purpose. I especially Roman Catholic) for in^t^nlS^S^riSt :„i"f?f - -•* ^■•- ■•» to ers, absolute safety of the h7, i? "*"*"' "' fo-^'gn- eign resident anywhere i^ A* f*"^ bw-abiding f„. tain security of fore^"^ also to demand an'd 1 en property, with absolute reljgiou. ■■"^WM-: REASONS FOR THE MOVEMENT. 35 toleration. But while all fii;» :- ^ .i suit, between their converts or adherent^ i,d other nl m- «Iin?'^' r° '°"^' ""= ^"S"'"' <'°"'>t th* much n teclmg has been aroused by the cour«;p n( ;,,cf u sentativ. w u through such proper repre- sentativ-j. We have no r ght whatever in *iH • / ^ \ anv relim/in 4.^ 1 ^"^ "^"^'^verj.m the interests of z &iT':hr"* ="■■'"' ■■"^'■'- °-> <=<">"- what amour .0 fta^e " Z"°' ™!:* """""^ '"*°"' Rarelv !. fh- .."»'« patronage, then they must fail advocate wiselv H '^'■'°'™ *' <>""« »* an ■-"riourteS' "'"f °" China adopting abso- any religion wS"' Ts irthe%r'*rH''r"''^' °' Canada, withdrawing f ■ """''' States and and all'dromtaZ^ w7ethr^:^%tr^ ^^ man Catholic or Protestant J, IS offi m"'' ''°- a bone of contention would b^ destr^ed anfmthT^' to msure peaceful conditions for foreS,e« i^^- ''°" the future. A re'imnn th,f • ". ,"'8"«" "i Chma m "'g-on that m the last resort needs the -^_.. "im.i^€\: 26 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. such help, and ye. his Sons ^e e*l"If '"' ^ ever conducted. Christian T™th ' ^' '""=*"'''' making headway unaiderty 7orV thr^ '"T'"' '" with the error of Crusadir,,, , . ' '" ""^ admixture Official status mu«™«''in^t 'V"^ '"'^'^ "■«"""• intervention in its suiZ- o. , ll" "'""^ ''»<' '° ^rmed ^oing their own 1,S " *°" T"" ^'»™ '•' f°™- whose fine features they desire " "' °' '"' '""""y cj^* arhZSrtrprH?,!:\^^ '^^ "^^ ^^'^nir;:j:j=i5?fX:X^^ ranle this to be not in acco^dan^ IT'^ "' '"'^ "-^y declare old sto,y of Rome IkW 7 "'t """""S- I' « *« olic priests are ever S "^„ T"'u '"^''- ^he Cath- since heen ^^^'^^ZT^C::'':,^'^^^'^'"'' Protestants. "* Catholics and Very often, yes, almost always law.,,;,. .. sions are carried on without Thfi . '""\a'«' oPPres- and never found out Thfnl^f foreigners' knowledge, ^rty out their d Jgn. such a T >?'" """"^ ^"^^ "> .card, which meansl^Ve Chnes taTtt "''"'"""^ influence of the foreim^r u k i. .f • ** P""'"' and of cards, etc., to p ^ ^ Ltil"* t'." ^^ '"^^"^ on this through the orders of he ff", " " '"^■"^ watch, therefore, should tekeo „n. T^^"' ^ "='»« bori,.^ but surrounding^^ 'ar;:!!'^ °" ^°"^ -•-■'■ *' ^°^^^ ™P^""'-- The rise of the Boxer REASONS FOR THE MOVEMENT. 37 «on over the mmd. European resijents of the far East t"n 'of these Cf ^' *' ""■=' "'" ='"<' '""-n- Ye?a I.hZ. « •'^ '""'"'• ^l"^'- °-- Manser bullets marr^M t """^ *"' ^''°'^ ">« fere is nothing re markab e .„ this credulity. It has not been so vervln. picion of heresy. Thetpvf "Ti,« i. i "^" to live " V..7 J • ' ^°" ^^^^* "°t suffer a witch "en':;<,Tirne'%t:^. -r''' °' '""--' ev«. ver„hon ^ ""' * P""'^""'"' possible has not amulets fof loSraSt faCHrl;''^™' =""" a hundred y^rJalL ?.'""'"''" ■'" *' ^^^^ *an •^ sit d„wn'"th tHrteen '^"'U^ZT'-' "'° """="' iVidav laiKTl, ,. ,u , ' "^8^" 3 Jouniey on moreL T^ themselves and would fain share in the more «,holeson,e scepticism which is abroad. of Ihe\«"::rso'r;tM7' r™ ""^^ "■^^o-"" --y I me secrets so long hidden from their knowledee Th^ mysterious operations of nature are no lon^r^occ^t! 28 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. 'm;uuS: fat '""' ^"""^ ^""*"« '° ««" -" astronomers, with all fhA;- ^ r ^.^STO- while noted We shall make a great mistake, therefore, if we treat ^ hefr;ela"7to T " ^"""""^ ="'"°™ " »" Next therefore, to the paS 'erT^Tnd'T^'."; seemed to the ainese mischievous as;;mpto„Va: .-■m' ">??%' 1^ I -g» REASONS FOR THE MOVEMENT. 29 thority by the Roman Catholic missionary, we attribute our present difficulties to the misjudgmcn' o ev ntt our Consuls and Ministers. ^ Time and time again have the Consuls and Ministers been advised to deal with officials as the source of riots THE RECEPTION GIVEN BY THE EMPRESS DOWAGER TO THE LEGATION LADIES AFTER SHE HAD DEPOSED THE EM- etc., and not accept the heads of a few poor coolies Twho m many cases were bought up for a fewihouTand cit) to expiate the crime of some official or gentry as it wa. done m the first Tientsin massacre. At offi^^i a Tew fym 30 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. if Jli ml m thousand Mexican dollars were received and the mur- derers c eared. Especially was this so in the Sung pu case, and the settlement of the last called forth the fol- lowing prayer from an exile at Ichang- Because, O Lord, there is none other way Whereby we may escape these evil days Because we are as jetsam on the strand. l-orgotten of our country and our kin, We. who join East to West, the pioneers Of many better days that are to be; Because we, ever toiling overseas We who have sold our heritage, our all Excepting certain ancient chartered rights To breathe Thine air and tread the common earth; Now see these rights invaded day by day By the encroaching tide of pagan wiles. Uf native insolence and savagery Because the distant fate of Margary Is coming ever nearer to our doors And deeds which once had set the world ablaze Aye, even to the starting of Crusades. Are looked upon as commonplace and trite- Because a murdered Christian does not bring As d,d with Rome's proud citizens of old. bwift-footed vengeance on the slayers' track But is atoned for by official lies And certain hideous payments of sycee, Which, on a rapidly descending scale Will soon attain that meagre estimate At which they quoted sparrows long ago- Because we know not whose it next shall be To guard his home against the howling mob T*'3T-' REASONS FOR THE MOVEMENT. To be the victim of their fierce attack And then of mild, politely-penned dis^tch, To leave his mangled carcass in th. street/ With face uncovered, while the Consul sits In some Viceregal Yamen, over tea. Assessing the small value of the dead ; And last, because the sacredness of life Rests on nice points of quality and clothes; Therefore it ,s. O Lord, that now we pra;. Ljet not the jpillage or the slaughter be Of Customs hireling or merchant churl, Ur humble missionary, glad to gain Exit from trouble to a martyr's crown. But rather grant, when the incited mob. Th/t -.1 bJ°<>dhound. seeks its nearest prey That It may find obtrusive on its path ^' Some personage important to the state. Or high official representative. Some traveling faddist, potent in the press. Or information-gathering MP Some Anti-Opium League authority. Aristocratic trotter of the globe, Or human atom authorized to wear Gold lace upon the edges of his clothes. Upon whose taking off there shall ensue 1 he steady tramp of solid infantry And inexpensive Chinese funerals ; That, with the thunder of artillery. And sack of goodly cities, there may be Restored again that wholesome deference. That usual and necessary respect 3t :<^''^-i ^'^^•fattv. »)l"lto' W iiWLK^-' 32 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. Which, from the A3iatic, is our due- And thus, from evil, shall arise great good. —Tung Chia, in "Lays and Relays." istfri'arfnL'".H.!"'V' "^ ^^ '^^' ^" ^°"^"^^ ^"^ min- isters are not alike, for we have notable examoles tn fh^ The?; nl^e^c'"" fr''^'"'^^ whictZt »«! ^n ^"V^'y> Consul General Warren, of Great Brit- Tal?. 1^ '"' ''"" """ °' *« '>°"- They are grrat .-irewdness and sense, and have a capacity to com cofdC'"''"" "" """"'^ *° »<'j"" «.eSs°o r; cond t.on or c.rcumsfance. Consul General Goodnow is i^«er thTvi r"' "T'^?; '"'■ "'* ■"' "Sht hand su^! porter the Vice Consul, Dr. John Hykes, who has soent over thjrty years in aina, we have had heTp and ad^ce we could rely upon. America is weak in her consular force s.mply because politicians are sent out. i„ ,^„„ a^s, every four years, instead of men fitted foHhe pom.on. What we want is men who can pass a ciril serv.ce examination and come to China and leam he language and Eastern ways of thinking for two or more work tZT'"^ "" "=r"'" '""'*'-'' ">™ S TZ Wiv if r V'™" ** ^^™ "' """ °f °*er nations. aT^t siolL r' ^''T '°^"'* ""^"'"^ ^l^"' China as rt should be known, let alone do anything. No mis- sionary society would trust one of their members to S .,*""'""' *'* "•* P'^P'* «"«' after re- siding three or four years in the country. How much more, then, should the consuls who do business for a mighty nation know the people and their ways REASONS KOR THE MOVEMENT. l>ai!^'',o ,tr'"'"^"" '" "'* ^^■°'''' """W »"ow a green hand to uke up the >mportant and difficult positions first" ;^ns. sHouM ..L i:::^ :^^:"::czr:r:^ .raining of „.e Westernerlrinr.il ;;t*C;:rr:; to attempt to regulate our intercourse witl,^,em oi . i ...es w.th which the mutual relations between trvariols rlten o,?,' 7 "^ ,'v"' "T '°"'"^" appointments will be finding out if they wer:^H e rT '' P<~-«"g-f» "^ are only missionariclr- AlTuht , k" 'T' ^^''^^ "rk 1 , v^urtiics,. Ah! that has been the tronhlf' Only another missionary gone; what does t matter I" Nations have, therefore, not been strong for homr ,„H hfe, bt,t-does it pay? will it help trade? Or if Z So fnar" J''f ""°"' '= " "-^ P»"-hment o^ h :rim mal ? No, but a few dollars or a slice of territory This should not be done in the future HmV • 34 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. any terms. We might call to his honor's mind this fact hat; although God is a God of love He is also a God of" hi"' ""t u' ^' '•"'''"' "'*' ^' ">" ''keth the sword shall perish by the sword. " .«;x i^^ Or- BEGINxVING OF TROUBLE AND SENDING UP OF LEGATION GUARDS. Chapter III. Mr. Gammon, of Tientsin, writes : "For many months Boxer bands were increasing and countless outrages committed ; but these were confined to native Christians and did not give cause for strong action on the part of the foreign ministers, though they did all that lay within heir power to cause the Chinese Government to suppress them. Men, women and children were put to death out- right, after being robbed and tortured and their homes destroyed Disturbances, though frequent and plentiful were in distant and more or less isolated places, from' unlrt/Tf' :" 1 ''°" '" ^^^^^""^ "^' -d rendered untrustworthy by the transforming imaginations of the Chinese. For this reason visitors to the North were de- ceived by surface appearances, and while exaggerated re- ports were spread, many of these observers were driven to the other extreme, and pronounced a comparative calm where better informed people could detect the rumbling of a volcano soon to burst into flame. From many statfons m the interior where native churches were established came tales of persecution, srmetimes confined to one man alone, and m other cases whole families and whole vil- lages suflFering loss of life and destruction of property I 11 "v.'Bk; f^ a ■ v.«ife^v#v>^^?!wr '^..-.'^ -■■r^-''i^.t^:»m^>^'^ 36 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. A«ie Box r?a"„d'the,v"f ""' ''''"''" '""^^ •»"' "^ 'he ■o^k f^rTsudd ; c"ri !s™andXr'°"' "^ "^^ ™"« *" ouuutu LFisis, and this was soon rearht^ri t?^^ a long ,™e past Pao-.ing-fu and vicinity (in Chhin were •he center of organization for the Boxers »nH> ™ar that city that a village of na.fve Sh ics LaT/ from he roofs of their J,ouses, a successfu defo le aganist an attack by the Boxers. kilHng seventy of U I r n«mber vv.th but little loss to themsdves ' victnUy of pIoT'T "" ''^"'°''' ""^"'^ »- '" '"e iTfrom T « ^"'"' " * ""^«^' '^''"^d Ka°-Io, thirty when the chf^s"^^^ I^- ^^ ' t ^Tr ened and .He building fired. and^vTr^one't'd": S-" we expected the L'' '" f" ^""-''"e-f" district that wc expected the beginning of a great uprising and in this we were not mistaken. ^ THE DESTRUCTION OF THE PAlii.,,v. . .,„ HIL KAILVVAY AND LANDING OF rOREION TROOPS. o he line was destroyed, the ttiegraph cut. and by Mon" hoLrr;^^ '"^ '''"'°"' ^"^ •'""^d. i„ciudf„g ,he hc«,es of Chinese residents and the shops of nativeVer! the'^BoxtsTnd'r 'T "'"^'""^ "'^"^^ "^ ""val of ,r J ^ ^- ' ' P'^"' destroyed were mostly de- ^'t: Trnti:Ta:'£ ti^if ho:::rh ^^-^ -" property of .he railway un^pXdTnd' unXh^;' ^ ;-^'' uife?^ " \ -.-i:^^■ i^i' ';{ BEGINNING OK TROUBLE. 37 l;cnff-ta,, tl.c junction of the Peking and I'ao-ting-f., hncs, there was a group of foreign houses (the horned o foreign railway employees), a roundhouse, containing several locomotives, large ear and machine shops, store- houses a small village of native houses and sh^ and a biTed r" """""S^' ="' <" "hich ^vere l^d and llentst. "" fortunately escaping by train to The news of this rioting and destruction brought tem- porary chaos to Peking and Tientsin. Immense crowds assembled at the stations and in the streets, eagerly di ! eussing he ever-changing reports that came from /mul- titude of sources. Excitement ran high, and there was a general feehng of alarm, not for residents in either o hese cities, but for the many missionaries and colpor- Pao «n".f ''"ir", '"'"^^ P'""^' "P-'^"y 'hose in Pao-ting-f„, with whom communication by rail and by telegraph was entirely cut off. ^ Application was m'ade to the Chinese Government for penmssion to land marines and sailors from the men-of- the xlTf' V '" ""?;'" '""" '■" P'«"^- -d when Princ^ rif ™". '■^°"'^ O*^^) '-P'i^d that lZ,u^""^- r" ''"' ^ '^°"^«"^<'' «'e Minister sent word that with or without permission of the officials * Thru S F r M '"T " ''''"'^- A"""-' Kempf^ on the U. S F. S. Newark, had arrived at the mouth of the Pei-ho (sixty miles from Tientsin by river thir'v miles by rail) on Sunday, June 3-I, but, knowing ^S' of what was taking place, did not land men at once The reports of Monday being confirmed, our Consti mm i^r af^;. r ™.''""tR""^ »"'! " field piece, within one huur aftei receiving the Consul's message. it "-r^Ws, Sl?|l 38 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. »,, came "duriLT""-" °' ' '"'="' ""'^ "' J^l^"^"' ^^Lo came during the .orenoon, the American sailors and mannes were the first to a-rive. On Wednesday p.ards from the sh.ps of five nations had landed here, an^ pTr Itlf , ^'"'°y ^"^ P*'"e offi-^ials put every t o&", ''Tr- • °" ^""^^''^>' 'o-ver.The S nese officials, findnig further resistance useless mnted pemnsston for thirty men of each nationality to ^ by li ■ :*■ REVS. NORMAN AND ROBERTSON, — MARTYRS train and station themselves at their respective leeations and at 4 o'clock a special train conveved.hertoPek°'' and guards of like strength were lefi in Tientl Na .ng the,r homes m ashes, and many of them after having seen parents wives and children hacked to pie es by hf stk d" ndThV,'"'"^ ""='«" ="-"' P^"^"^ '-e W" sacked and the Christians exterminated. A large prorK>r t.on of the refugees were formerly prosperous menT they are now destitute. !>="«» men, i .jt >I^Jj,; .»■'■'. I i-3 * ■'^AJ? ^1 BEGINNING OF TROUBLE. 39 Two more English missionaries, Messrs. Norman and Robinson, were slaughtered. Mr. Robinson was killed soon after his capture, after having been tortured, while Mr. Norman for a time was held for a ransom of 40,000 taels. Before terms could be offered or a rescue party sent out, however, he, too, was murdered. A party of French and Belgian engineers, with their wives and children, at- tempted to flee from Pao-ting-fu ano embarked for Tien- tsin on native boats, but the news of their coming went before them, and they were obliged to fight their way desperately through every village. They killed a number of Boxers and received several wounds, and were finally obliged to leave their boats and walk to Tientsin, which they did after three days, living on river water and rice. They reached Tientsin in a tfrible condition, the ladies with bleeding feet and several wounds, and the men suf- fering from various injuries. Unfortunately, some of their number had become separated and left behind and were killed. The head of a Frenchman was seen mounted on a pole not far from Tientsin, and later the bodies of a man and his wife were found, the woman having been terribly cut with knives. The missionaries at Pao-ting-fu refused to leave at this time, and they were all murdered on June 30th, 1900. The railway authorities fought hard to maintain com- munication with Peking (the heads of the departments being British), but the line was interrupted by the burn- ing of bridges and stations, and trains frequently re- turned, unable to get through. Three more stations were destroyed in as many days and two bridges burned, each time a step nearer to Tien-toin. The Chinese troop's sent to guard the line failed to accomplish anything, and even if they were not then in sympathy with this anti-foreign i r s^^ aii:u^,jtKi,- MAiL- 40 CHINA AND THE noXERS. movement and members of th,> n„ overy reason to belie^X .h If' '"^'''y- *<=« » not to resist or pun thtl e L ^ 'w'''"' instructions e« were daily lS„ , ^°""- Meanwhile the pow- eua^s stationed at eve'ryC/ne^LrpSr"' Pa.rols and Of loVr:nTre:L^^ :rr. -m, m ^nds compass. It was forr:4tirSkTn7C.'°''^ Tung-chow and other noinf. L , 5™"& Pao-ting-fu, Mxious. The Chine e^Je' n ' '"" *" ** "«« to enter the native dy wol ""^ ""'«• ^'*'«- »nd foreigner. Reports 17^ ^Z:! Z'"'" uT '° ""^ the wells and food anrf tL/ f . ^' "" ^"^ poisoned "nd houses. ScTne to ^ .'""' ''^' 'P'"^ »" f'-n'i'ies at high prices atdThlf'"" """ "^"'^ '^a' ^o'd feared. Printed ::d ^tirr; ^'l '»"' ''««=<' -<> 'he eyes of children TZIZ'ZZ "" ^V "''"^ hornwe ,„„ calling upon m n "; "st an"% " "T foreign devils into the sea " ,„., / f *"''P the citing the people to more kn!,' "'^ distributed, in- to the hea«s of p^efu nX:"".:"' ^'"""^ '""^ walk the streets armed anrf ,1 i . '""" *'™"ge to -d belts of ammu™:f„n"by he beir B"f :^' "^°'^- we were forced to do P.I u ' """ **' '^ what most to dread in :?^entsm Ij^T f' '"* *" ^' had %ht with troops I J^'l'i;' ""j; '°^*ft we could not made from time to time ,„« '^''"' "'^P'« were Some Christians reamed ?' "''"T'"' ''"'''«"?»• addled and bndled ^'d forlT "'''' ''■™^' '"" ^ere idols, where every ^^,^1 u "'"' '» "•« '""P'e be it said to the gtory^ Vch T-' "P°" "'^"' h"* power Of the Worf, t^^l^Z^^l^f.^ ^^«^^iPli' BfiGlNNING OF TROUBLE. ^j »hare in the pcrsecuUor ° '°'" "'" '''"'='■ '° O^ June 7th twenty-five Amoncan marines from „« >- 3. i. Monccacy were Ian,],.,! t arrived and lande.i m„n 7 ? ■'^"'° ™n-of-»ar settlemem waTa'ralTd r '" f 't'"™'' "''"■« "^ '"^ The railway tracks had .' "T "" ''"'*' '»^"^^''«'>. Ployees hadisetd tt',.';- ".s "n™ Z.^^, Z dT "- done were receivpri r„^r • i " "^^^aiis ot the damage was, therefoTcm;r ^""' """" "^ "'^"'^- P'^''"'*? .he\tr, lrGe:raiT-::r t^r "=" •"' «°-- o- tried to do l,is dutv i^ . , ° -^ ™" "■''° ''»^ ''^»y F«-Hsia„, t m^ :„:• X~e:!:,Vr '"'"' . ,^" '»^t "■•ght telegrams were rel'ived'Kh: M" ■sters that matters loolced vcrv seri^rin P J "" asking for the immediate d^ateh of^. u^'"^' '"'' every possible means. A conslr 1!^' ^ T """^ midnight, in which the nava Xers of ZhT '"" =" part, and it was decided to take bv fltl 'f '"" """^ railway and to run a trah, ,hr„ k k "«^"«ry, the «ne. Hariy this morn "g the ^^o''' constructing the and two trains with r»iif ^ "^"^ °" "'e "love, carrying a Z^rand "Is S l!"' '°"''T''"' ''"" munition, field nieces T/!: T ^ '"PP"" °f «■"- The Vic;roy Lf ;^:; "™ ;Xfr\r"' ""' '"'• railway, but th^v ,Lr Z,^Z '"' "** "« »' ">« tnev soon .net with great opposition. It was !i 43 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. understood that the Ministers consider their hves in dan- ger and that if the troops got throngh all the foreigners ^en. r'f ^ ''"' '^ ^"""•"- ''''' Russians and French refused to co-operate, but this morning there were number of French, as well as Italians, Austrians, Amer- .cans and Bntish. Five hundred British were s^nt. and PART OF ADMIRAL Sl-YMOURS RELlEl^ COLUMN. also one hundred men who were here from American ships. Fresh troops were sent up the line as fast as the men could be brought and trains made ready In 1 e meantime we had less than fourteen hundred troops in Tientsin with more to come. Capt. McCalla was in charge, but afterwards it was decided that Admiral Sey- mour should command the expedition to Peking, which left Tientsin on the morning of the tenth ADMIRAL SEYMOUR'S RELIEF COLUMN. By a U. S. Officer. Chapter IV. What is known as the Seymour Rehcf Colunm has be- come so famous that a detailed account of that cam- paign by a participant and eye-witness may be of interest The AIHed Forces from the various men-of-war lyin^ at faku, under the command of Admiral Seymour lefl 1 lentsm on trains for Peking about 9 A. M. Sunday, June loth, w,th the object of escorting the several Ministers irnni Peking to the ships. f„n]" '°T ™ ^'""' ^■'°°' •^""^^'^ approximately as foHows: Russians 600; British, 500; Germans, 400; Americans. 200; Japanese, 150, and the balance between he Itahans, French and Austrians. Having f.vo heavy trams and tlie necessity of keeping as near together as possible, made our progress rather slow. Shortly after ?rZ Zr""" ^u"^'T"' " '"''='"" °* ^i^teen miles from -nentsin, without having met with any opposition. At Yang-tsun there were 3,000 Imperial Chinese riZh , i'™,f ""'' "'' '"'"' '■"'P™™'' Maunlicher ,uZ: T u^,f ^^F""^"^ ""y '"™'"y' ="'<' we stopped the e for half an hour and the men bought eggsTnd I i I ^^A „., .1.-,*A, „.. 44 N' AND THE noXERS. If J^ 'z 'n-^utrJ^c-r "^ °- «"' <"" There wa, , small MyoUh^^JJJ""'"' ^''"■ the irack. We fire•«' afternoon .: S; t ^a LTtt f "" ''"^"« "' "" "in there un.i.'^.he next ntnTn^!" """ "" "' * """<'■ tra^'didllTeetvSr^^'- "'"" ^'^^ "^ "•' decided ,o p,Lh o? If T'"^' ''"' J"" =" "« '""I Boxer, who":. "„„°' h t'et ;::s,ra.""h„* """^ °' streaming out of a lar« vill.!!.! ■ ^ "'""' ''^°°' making for an::irc['';?Cfr wn^'willfu ""' ■■"'' '.on of cutting us off from^he rrlf VVe kel, n '"""" nine' fight with tht^m f^- . r . ^ * "P ^ »*""- and gave the no hri "" ""c ""'^"^ -"tankment, d.;:e f-'r-S^^^^^^ and rfflerNo ^en'r ' 'T "" ''''"'"™"'» "axim' punishm:„^';:d h; wr flerr"'"' ■"■" ^'~"' "^^ on the field. ' ^"'"8 *°"'« 45o dead ga?am, V'orth""'""""" " '""""^ "^ "^miration to the gduann ' of these poor wretchec or«,-^ • , be relai.1 In =7 , ''*^" ■'Amoved and had to relaid. In some places it would be only a couple of -mm I'v,' ■tlE." ^ }-. ADMIRAL SEVMOUH's RELIEF COLUMN 45 rail, but in other* there would be .everal hour.' hard work The men went at it with a will, an there was hrs"s^ *""' "'"'•" " ' ™"- """<"" During Monday we made about fifteen miles advance and were not attacked by the Boxers. Tuesday was a repetition of Monday, except that we could see a irreat many Chinese way off in the distance, and had a little scrimmage with a band of about forty or fifty, killinir fourteen of them. Camped Tuesday night at Lo-fa where there is a switch and sidetrack running into a walled enclosure. The company from H. M. S En- dymion fortified that enclosure and mounted some Nor- denfeldt and some Maxim guns on the walls, and called It Fort Endymion. V/edncsday morning we started, leaving a garrison of about 120 British bluejackets in Fort Endymion. Our progress on that day was even slower than on the pre- vious day. and we went only about twelve miles to a sta- tion where there had been a water tank, but it had all been destroyed by the Boxers, and the boys had to water the engines by hand. We camped there that night, and early the next morning, just as we had finished breakfast we were attached by a large body of Boxers, estimated to be about 1,200 or 1,500. In some way that I can scarcely understand they were almost.upon us before the alarm was given, and for a few minutes it looked as if they were going to drive us. There were eight Italian seamen mit foraging unarmed, and five of them were cut down. The Boxers were armed only with swords and spears, but in their fanaticism they kept coming right forward, to be mowed down by the rifles, and it finally became a regular hand-to-hand fight, with our bayonets I I 46 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. against their swords and spears. There were some ghastly sights on the field that day, as they simply would not stop fighting as lon^ as there was any breath in them I counted 162 on the field, and there is no V-now- ing how many more crawled away and di d of their wounds. SIEGE TRAIN ON WAY TO PEKIN. That same afternoon a few of the cars were detached and. with a strong guard, took Admiral Seymour and his staff about ten miles further up the road, when they came to a place where the track was torn up and the grading embankment leveled for a distance of two or three miles While that section was out reconnoitering, four British ^wrfw:^^ ADMIRAL Seymour's relief column 47 bluejackets came flying up the road on a handcar from Lo-fa with word that Fort Endymion was being attacked by overwhelming numbers. You mav know that it did not^take us long to back that train down there and "sail in. We had a big time there for a few minutes, and the Boxers just dropped in bunches. We counted 2^0 dead on the field there and, aside from the five unarmed Italians that were killed in the morning, we had no lo.sses that day. After the fight we ran the train back to the water tank and camped there again that night. The next day (Friday. June 15th) we tried to send a train back to Tientsin under Paymaster Jewett for sup- plies, but he returned late in the afternoon, reporting the road and bridges so badly destroyed that it was impos- sible for him to go through. There was a council of war that night, and the next morning we started to back the train and make the best of our way to Tientsin. We left about 120 Germans, strongly fortified, at a sta- tion, with an engine to bring them in, if necessary. Also at Lo-fa we left the British garrison in Fort Endymion lieniember saying while passing those two fortified posts that It would take a horde of Chinamen to drive them out, and yet, late that evening, they were all driven in ■ and joined us with their trains, bringing in twenty-two wounded and leaving six dead on the field. They were driven m by Imperial troops, armed with the best of mod- ern rifles. On Sunday, the 17th, our progress was verv slow, the track heing almost a total wreck. We were at a standstill an day Monday beside an irreparable bridge over the Pei-ho River. I could begin to see that some of the officers were not as sure of the outcome as thev would ft 48 CHINA AND THE BOXEIiS. dn^'^h^. ''^'"^^^ "»* irreparable, it was decided to aban- don the tra,„ So, on the 19th, we left the train, putting the wounded into boats, with the intention of foHow "| he course of the river to Tientsin. It was a long Tw on* "The^aft ' '°™'^, "" '""""'■ -" " -- -" the rt w T°°" '^'°" "•' '^^' d^'achment left the cars. We only went about three or four miles before go.ng mto camp for the night, and as soon as it was dark we could see the flames of the deserted train, wWch wis o cTc^W T"'' '^ "" "'""'■ W' '-S"" o- -arch aTj o clock the next morning, and about 5:30 I saw a Ts riil"' """ 'T" ■"""'" «-"4 among si: trees a little over a m.le away. I called the paymaster's a. en «,„ ,0 them and i,ust as he was looking f h'eard, fo Indfh. fi r '" ""' """P"'^' ""^ "'""■' °f rifle bullets, and the fight was on-the fight of our lives to reach Tien^ of^hlT ' ^°. *""]"■■» n-ight be well to give some idea teen U„tr<^r? °' *' ~'""'"- '^"' "«^'= but four- a a ram guard for a supply train, and that little band of fourteen acted as a sort of advance guard, being any- where from a quarter to half a mile ahead of the rest FoUowng them was the United StMes three-inch field P ece, w,th ,ts crew of about forty bluejackets from the ,^; M Newark and they were supported by the rest of the Newark battalion. Then followed the British marines and the Bnt.sh bluejackets, with their field pieces and machine guns; then the Germans, the Japanese, the Ital- ians, French and Austrians, while the Russians were the rear guard to defend the boats containing the wounded ADMIRAL SEYMOUR'S RELIEF COLUMN 49 I^'rfT .l*"" ^"t f" *' '"" *' "•»'" «-« fired by the U. S. three-.nch field piece at a 2,000-yard range, and was as pretty a shot as I have ever seen, landing a shrap- ne nght among a crowd at the foot of a flagstaff over a mile away. That shot rather scattered them, and we ad- vanced slowly, fighting every foot of the way The grave mounds and mud fences made first-class cover for us, and we fought from one mud fence to an- other, dnvng the Chinese before us. They made a very •t^TZ ''^"i '" " """«"' ^"^ ■' '°°k us hours of C^vfT^ ? "°^«'" "''"'• "^^ "^^^ "aving more or less Idled and wounded all the time, which made our progress correspondingly slower. Wc advanced into a "Ilage with the American three-inch and Endymion's '„"',/?'■ """^ ^"'""«^ unpleasantly close one m particular bursting in the street where our guns were drawn up but without hurting any one. The vUlage was cleared with much diflicul,,, and then the enemy fetired and took up their position in the next village. The Ger- mans a^d Russiai.s on the left bank began *eir advance at lo.is. Many of the enemy threw away their weapons Soif an I'h ;"' "^""^ "'™"^'' ''"-'^'"'S- '-"h op- position all the time, every foot being disputed. The t1^ ?^llt^ '^^ ^™'".' P"'°"" ''™Kht in we learned that Tients n was exceedingly hard pressed, having had almost continuous fighting for the past five davs. ft was quarter. The peatest matter for anxiety was the am- so CHINA AND THE BOXERS. The great difficulty our men experienced on Wednes- day was the inability to locate the whereabouts oftl e enemy s art.Ilery, owing to their using smokeless powder F.ghtmg lasted continuously from 8:.; A. M. until dart ness set :n. At 7:45 a shell burst close over ou boats wounding, severely a German seaman, who was sittingtn the^deck of the boat containing their wounded. ^ Thursday the 21st, was a repetition of the continuous fighfng of the 20th, with the added element of dang and death from shells and shrapnel that were befng thrown .n our m.dst by some fort out of sigh, way doZ ma'r"chtll!,iT°°" "'' "'"' '"^ '° '''"" "^^ '"^ - '""ff march all n.ght, as we were to try and steal by the fort in IK. daricness. We took such rest as we could til, 1 u i°erLri^ :■■.!"" "', """'' '"'""^ """" "'= ^"^ of tne river in column of twos " It was pitch dark, and I seemed to realize the gravity of lett tne tram. It was by no means certain that we would the dense blackness, when, without a word of chall!^^^ or warnmg volleys were fired into us, or at°Lstt "u direction. Mercifullv tu^r^ \ ^^^ ranks hit hnVT ^ r '''^'^ "°"^ °^ *h« ^^^ in the ranks hit, but three of the poor wounded fellows in the x' ■i.^i Admiral Seymour's relief column : 1 (.1 5' teats »-ere killed. The only way I can account for that h Tl V" "'"«' '•"'' '='"'<' '° ""Ship the mas wa'st-rastn' 'r''' """ *=" "'^"^ «" I »" d - We did not fire one shot in return, but the British mannes charged through the town upo; thir flank anS TJ^Il " T'",' °' '"^ '">-°"''- ^'^ -arched hrough that town, and had gone but a mile or so when day be^n BRINGING THE WOLNDKD DOWN THE PEI-iro. to break. We were n.arcliing along tlie top of a bank hat was a sort of levee, and I could just see a ross ,he nver, about si.xty yards away, a man walking ram' down^ I called the paymasters attention to it !nd he ai firs thought .t was one of the Germans, as the^ had been gettmg hgh er, and we soon saw that it was a Chinese oflicer m full uniform, while about every five feet 7 Tm see the head and shoulders of ChineSt.f e.^r^ly Sa CHINA AND THE BOXERS. tnf a?d llt't' h" "'"'^"^' =■"" * '"""^^ of heavy -"1^ "' ""''• """ '"''^ sun crews stand- the men «w » rl "'" '«■" ^' "'<= "">«• One of echo of the shot had 2,f} \^ '''°' " '"■"• The and everythit else thet htd '"T "^'T ""^ "'^ 8™ lev^ and "iT ^'°''^^ ''°*" '«''>'' 'he edge of the 'evee, and we had as sood a fnrf f^^ fi^u* r ^ emy had. We made f ™r p^°," l^'jlT .^^ }"' '"■ to let them serve their guns Td , hat fi« T""'"^ """ only time their big g„„f::;e Jed '"' ™"^^ ^""^ ""= tHe^:aritrrtt.t^.rrCr-xr™"- bandaged it up with his "fir t ^Td " anH , ^""^ ^'''^^- ' fighting. While we were kee„W the ^ """' "«^'" °" this way, a i>artv ofR v^ ^ '""">' °<^™Pied in about 3.^ s^r^crossed^h'- ""'"'' """ """'■'"=''■='»- fort, and by mfhn Tf? «"'7.* "'"" °' «> ^^ove the the or, f'romre efrVr^ '"''"'^ ""'^*' """= "P°" inside. Bef" hoseentrin'i "T ^""''^''' "'"* «»' to them, they werrbe.weer.lo fireTLdTh '''''^'' regular oanic • M.^,v « ' ^"^ *^^'"e was a tbS^wenTove'r' hTba: ^^e'raT:" Th" ^/ °" "'^"' =■"" as the Se-ku Arsena) TnH . * '°''' '™' ''"°™ It was fu^of ar?sa"d, '^"''"^''""°fg^O""<^• ver,Ia,e,t\,!« . *"'"'""'"°". much of it of the very latest pattern, and more were found in nearly al, the I.i ADMIRAL SEYMOUR'S RELIEF COLUMN. SJ liouses we passed through. During the forenoon it was o'eof Iril '"MT"^ '"'^' '"' «"" '" » -^ to enter rT'""* ,'' ^"'"' "' " ^'"^^ '° «'<'«'vor about I P. M. the eneniy attacked the captured arsenal with between 5.000 and 6.000 men. Our firing Hne w« re mforced to a strength of 700. A gun belongingto the enemy, placed on a railway bridge some 2,uoo y^rds tly caused us considerable annoyance. The fight'ng walof he most desperate character, the Chinese froops m^kini atu AZ Tf" • ""^ '"''^' "" finally V..se'd b^ aoout 2.45 p. M., and our men chased the enemy for s«ne distance across the country, burning the aTiacen visages which were likely ,0 aflford coverfo them ' '"' Ran bv an r"tf "' *" "*"" " ''"''' "«ht. the enemy be- leTrcI^-lrSS-B-L^M^^^^^ men were rushed by the enemy a'nd knie"" It .A M u^r; Tavinl'h ""'1 '° ^'' ""°"^- '° TienUit r^-" during h .°u"" ?''"^ ^"^ """"'d at about 600 .hT.n-etfS:!/''^ '°- --^ »•-' 400 more wht down the river right under the walls of Tientsin W *» dg., ,n„ .,., i„ . .w,i,c ■,s;";:j.2 54 CniNA AND THE BOXERS. were running pretty low, but we found plenty of rice in he fort and a garden full of onions and turn^s and the boys made some pretty fair stew, some out of canned beef and some out of fresh "mule " * an^heT,V'^'i°'' r '''' ''^' ^"^ ''^y^^ there that day and the 23d and 24th, and about noon of the 2:;th a relief party of 2,000 arrived, and we m readv tn h. final sfr*»f,>ii f« T- ' * /" w*^ got ready to begin our nnal stretch to Tientsin and comparative security. Arsenal al mght leaving a party over there to prepare ^^::::l^ "^' ^^^'-^^ - ^- i- a^er^- We met no opposition on our march from Se-Ku to Tientsin, arriving there about 10 o'clock with a heart full of unspeakable thankfulness "" readlrr'' T ^"^^'"'"^ ^'"^ ''^^ "° "^^^"« °ver when we the buL? k'' "" ''' ^^'" ^ --""^ -ore to hel the bullets sing, but as the object of this i. fn r.Z 1 campaign of Admiral Seymou/'s Cotmt wUl lea ! t rest for some other pen to describe. ^ ^;) **Cv. \ik'"-"v8lc'' ""'•: .T.^''^Rh' THE SIEGE OF TIENTSIN. Chapter V. Mr Gammon, of the A. B. S.. kept a detailed rec- ord of the Boxer troubles, and is well qualified to speak- on this subject. We give below extracts of his diary on the siege, which is very interesting: "The Empress Dowager's antagonism was shown when an edict was issued commanding the Chinese troops not to fire on the Boxers. When the society had been vir- tnally placed under government protection, it became a power over the whole of Northern China. Those who be- fore had refused to join in the movement, were now com- peHed to or else receive the disfavor of the Government . ""^^i^l.*^'" *^^ ^"''^"^ gradually worked their wav oward Tientsin, and during the first week in June Z- tween^40,ooo and 50.000 of them were stationed ar^uml "During the second week in June the foreign residents 7th' dT' f ?. '" '^ '"^^'^' '' ^"^ moment^nd on the 15th day of the same month their fears were realized Three churches in the city were burned and also ot o„ • tTu^A lu "", ^ commanding position the foreigners watched the work of destruction. During the S^ht r 56 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. thousands Of red lanterns could be seen fl,»;«„ k .. streets. A number of ,1,.. "* "™ "'""ng about the then a small Hgh. would ""°" 1 """' '°««"'" »"<' roundings woufd beT up^rbv ,h^°" ?'" "" ™'- lights. Again and^il Thu . ^ '■°"«n 'r'''*'^'^ "P™'" B^^ terns had Ln CS tlf t°h ' '"V"""''^ '^^- any means of comm? • .• ^ ""* "sidents without not a ■■ouse^too!? i::t^-rd1e^:;;e7llf r """' There were but 7cx. Russian tnx,psSt rLd T"^"' owmg to their braverv that .1,. !• ''"'*'"' and it was dents were saved XtZlT °' *' ^"'^'^ '«'" troops were held at L by rV'" "" "'"" ^"'""^ ance not arrived the W- ''".'*"^««"'- Had assist- all the womln and chS 'T"!'"''""'" '° ^'"»' fall into the hands of he rh"" ^/" ""o" •'■em to Had even been de^Ile^XV^trLtSask' ™" TIENTSIN DEFENSES. loss even if successful in an attack T^ m ^'^^^ " actack. The railway station SIEGE OF TIENTSIN. 57 was on the opposite side of the river, which is crossed by a pontoon bridge, and this important position had to b^ held at any cost, since the possession of it by the Chinese woud pve them the l " "''d t«" hl7 I u^ '""'. ''"'^ "P"^""^- The Cossacks, who had taken charge of this point of the defense, opened fir! from the field guns. Poor, deluded men-armed with which hTv h^K • ™"''*"' "' "■' ^P'"'-' P™'«"0" in which they had been taught to believe-they advanced th m'd^ ,r""'" °' '"^ ^- '"»' were mow ng verT unZ '."'^r",'^*-' "■e scythe, and before they ^ound r I"^ '"'"*'=''' '"^ 'o™ """ Weeding on the ground. In then- retreat they carried away most of their dead and wounded, only about a dozen having ^tn left A TERRIBLE NIGHT. Friday night was wholly spent on the tower .nH v was a night long to be remembered With fi M , from the thousands of burning houis and sho't • ^T suburbs. Whv thev .l,n„i,i ti, T °P' 'n ""e their rv,„ ^,^^y '■'""'d thus destroy the property of their o«„ people we could not understand, but it C 58 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. probably that they might satisfy their passion for loot and murder. All night long we watched this terrible work, expecting them to turn upon the settlement at any moment, but it was not until the first streak of dawn ap- peared, at 4 o'clock, that we had serious cause for alarm. We were watching the movements of the mob and saw them suddenly gather in one mass, wave their GORDON HALL, WHERE THE LADIES AND CHILDREN WERE KEPT DURING THE TIENTSIN SIEGE. torches high in the air, hesitate for a moment, then witn a terrible yell they made a mad rush for the settlement They were no longer human beings, they were blood- thirsty savages, drunk with the sight of fire and blood. MISERIES OF GORDON HALL. All this time the forts in the native city were shelling A-^ SIEGE OF TIENTSrM. -^ m frightfully, will, shrapnel an.l segmont, and these .vcre cxplo<|,„g everywhere. Of ,|,e great „,ass of pe• P»«<'<' '•oiTs Of miserv. A few were bu TsTndr ,""r '\° "'"'' "''" '-"■ '-' <^ . Dili as a rule, they bore the trouble well With seanty elothing and little bed.ling, with none of he conveniences of home, with an unbrok n die, of cold canned meats and crackers and with such crowded ac fered during the many days they were confined there. EFFECT OF SHELL FIRE. At Mr. Cousins' we were more pleasantly situated I„ nve hundred refugees were well fed, and the Methodi«f ladies and ourselves had the use of the hotte and offi« buildings. For the ladies there was a small cellar ata.t .o feet by ,o feet, and 6 teet high, aro™" he si'det^^ which were piled boxes of soap, o'ffering abscise r.' tion. It may seem remarkable that, although the set.l, r k^trr r ^° •"'"' '''-• -'«-iS:ns" were killed On the street we were entirely exposed and .t ,s marvellous that "narrow escapes" could ^onTn^ riefinitcly, day after day, as they did " "#V<.W°T I 60 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. II A CRITICAL TIME. The beginning of the bombardment on Sunday was the first fruit of the taking of the Taku forts, and on Mon- day night came the second, when General Nieh's troops made a determined and long attack on th- railway sta- tion, held by the Cossacks, who, as every one must ac- knowledge, were our salvation. In the terrific battle which followed they lost no less than one hundred killed but the Chinese lost many hundreds. With all their cour-' age the Cossacks were finally forced to send for aid and were reinforced by the British, with whom they fi'nally epulsed the Chinese. It was a critical time, and only a dispensation of Providence blinded the eyes of the Chinese to the fact that an attack made on two points simultane- ously must have been successful. For three days more our fate hung in the balance, with all the favor (save the all-important favor of God) on the side of the Chinese. Ihe Imperial troops numbered at least five thousand and we knew that were they to attack from the open plain be Boxers we could not stand against them. But hap- P^y they did ne ther, why, we do not know. They en- trenched themselves in a long line across the river and poured a perfect rain of bullets into the settlement So Zt 7Z" ',r '^'* °"' "^'^^^ f''^^ "P five hundred of s ree t Many people received wounds from these .tray bullets and in our own party one refugee was killed and two were wounded, and Mr. Ccusins also received a wotmd in the leg. One of the shrapnel burst in the gc down, where three hundred refugees were sitting killL one instantly and wounding another. Had th'is heH burst lower down, at least fifty would have been killed. SIEGE OF TIENTSIN. 61 THE SNIPING oi^TJ" ■'''!!?' '"""'''''' °' •"■"''"« ^''«"' ="«1 showers of stray bullets, our greatest danger ca>ne from hidden nnemen who seemed to be in a thousand different build" .ngs m the settlement, especially on the godowns. From many pomts we were repeatedly shot at as we walked he streets on duty, and only the fact that these Boxe sympa,h,zers were untrained in the use of arms prevemed an immense loss of life among us eveniea It >vas trjing enough to have shell shrieking and burst- ■ng about us and bullets straying i„ showers into our m.dst, b.« to feel that from windows and roo^s in every dTv^Il^ „T"''"™' "' ""^ "-'"S -peats ylndZ d.v,d„ally sho at as we walked the streets, was very weir- .ng. The defense lines were skirmishing all the Tme and wounded men ber.-n to fill the houses set aLfas hospuals which gave . nployment to our ladies for thousands of bandages had to be c.t and rolled THE NATIVE CHRISTIANS. And here, too, let me record the cxcellenf «,«.!, a by the native Christian refugees unde: ^ c"VC teachers and helDer«! who ,., f^nigee preachers, lok / , fieipers, who were unaccustomed to heaw S n.ir ..ervices, working day and night until the 62 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. :f: acmng back.. Their efforts saved the lives of many sol- diers, besides placing the settlement in a much^~ 1 visions, they dug graves, performed every W„d of heavy unstmted praise. Two of them volunteered to attemnt passing the enemys lines to carry news of nnr . ^ situation to the admirals af T«l., , f ""°'" Laving been thrown t the^t; f^r rd^""'' t" shells passed so close to our h^ds Is to batly gra j'Z wall by our side, and when bullets sang all around ^, these country refugees AiA ««f ^- t ^ around us, out ^m ■ ^ "' '=°"''' "°' '«'^' '■"d out with- The situation got so bad thaf TVTr c u .V and a relief party reached L -n'Tme^^ ^^f ""'" 5^ REUEF OF TIENTSIN AND TAKING OF THE NATIVE CITY. Chapter VI. From the time the relief party readiwl t;.„..- June 23 until July 8 nothing ^ llZf^Vt^Zr' °" curred. The Chinese ke/„p a LTll^^CZZ t.me and sniping „as always the order of theTay ^° w^n give you his account as he saw and witnessed the bombardment and uking of the Native City of Sf„ NARROW ESCAPES. .Jn^ '^ .' ^'^ ^"^ '°"^ *^^ Chinese have given us some sharp times of chpliin^^ tu • . ^'^^" "^ well fhof i^ 1 y r^"»"ff- Their marksmen did so Ilia quarters. Half an hour after a shpll ^o«,« * , very -m and burst into some hund el Z,'2 "l' a hilelev'h f-'"" "'"''' '» '"™ ""^ fo^ wr^ked! ' ' ^'"' *'°"' """^ ^^"^ *« '»om was CUNNING CHINESE. An attempt was made by the ChinMi. ;« », r cut our communications U'^T^ ':^'%^:,^ 64 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. workmg around by the West Arse.,al, and got as far as the race course. The Japanese, British afd Germans however, „ere soon in the open against them By™o"e c ever manoeuvring they were completely at The mercv^f w.h their cra,^:'':^d«ii:^ir:r;:i^^^^^^^^^^^^ THE NATIVE CITY OF TIENTSIN. The secret has for once been kept. ''Th:';tt^aek' b? all RELIEF OF TIENTSIN. 6s At 7 A. M. rifle firing began to displace the shell and ih,. South Gate wa, the objective of our attacCwhich wa largely ,„ the hands of the Americans and F«rh attll^k^n Irt 7 "°^'^ "' ''''"'^y I -ferr^i',:' he attack on the native city then going on. The allies (AmerKan British, French and Japanese) were t^ ^Tc and°l;*wer'Th" ""= "1 '^^"''' ^"^ ^™™ *-" ' and southwest This was done, but done incorapletelv ons:fso«2'Ar' ir ^''"'''" -P^asizes thX' sons of South Africa that modem arms of precision tend to equate soldiers unequal in morale; a Ch.naZ "ra gun at two miles, or a rifle at one, is almost as good Tin as a European, and if his weapons are slightly ZlT ■s quite as good a man. The ainese sTw 2 t ' „ and does run when the risk is great, but ar long t Z pip .s big enough to give him a good start in the rac'e for safety, he stands up and shoots commendably strligh thJ ^^ ""' ''"' "■"' P^'* *'«> success, but for once they did not meet the chief piece d, resistZ! ■^ fnVn^i •.• • ^' ^ "^° ^^^ casua t es. The sole £tet^.:a^o^::^---t KTe Jl^e^lf --^^ extremXrth: A Japanese oflicer sent a message to General Dorward "^i^i^m ^mr^T' 66 It CHINA AND THE BOXERS. that he was in the city, 'would the big battery cease fir- ing?' This was a mistake, but all the same the battery ceased «t the very moment it was dealing out death to the enemy. The Japanese were not in the city, but near it (200 to 500 yards). As the line advanced, all available cover was seized, but the Chinese were in great force on the old wall and behind loopholes, and a hundred rifles answered instantaneous exposure. About 1 1 A. M. they had advanced to within 500 yards of the wall, and then found themselves in a fix ; they could not go on, they could not come back. The consequences were that they had to rest there all day, under fair cover (a mud vil- lage), in a heat of from 96° to loo* Fahrenheit. Des- perate efforts were made to bring off the wounded, of whom there were over 500. Blood here showed itself thicker than water. The British lost twenty-five men in bringing oft the American wounded and in taking up am- munition, of which all arms ran out. The French were very tenacious and lost 10 per cent., 140 out of 1400 men. The history of the rest of the day was the arrival of wounded, and the taking out of supplies; the troops re- mained under cover. We had a quiet night, though at 6 P. M. the Shui-sze-ying sent a few hissing brutes into the French concession, and three at our battery. The lat- ter instantly took up the challenge and promptly enforced silence. The allies all got into the city early in the morning, with little opposition, four Japanese wounded on the way in, and the Japanese. French and American flags were clearly seen from the settlement on the walls and high buildings. The capture of the city must have been unexpected, A TYPICAL ''boxer" witit at, ^^. WITH ALL HIS IMPLEMKNTS OF WARFARE. 68 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. for large quantities of sycec were found lying exposed in many of the houses and hongs (business houses). Valu- able silks, articles of clothing, curios, etc., were brought away in large quantities. The wounded numbered 600, t. c, the cas!:alties were about 10 per cent. The walled city is held by four par- ties of the troops, numbering well over one thousand. The heat was appalling all the time, ranging from 96* to 100*, and often topping the century. In proportion to their number the American troops seem to have suffered most, for out of about 900 men engaged, their casualties amounted to over a hundred, among them brave Colonel Liscumb, who had only arrived from Manila the day before. Their hospital, packed upstairs and down, was a terrible sight on the morning of the next day. The question at that time was loot; in one case a raid- ing syndicate of men liad a superb spoil of gold bars and watches. Sycee (silver) which was thrown down by fugitives in their haste to quit the doomed place could be picked up all round, and terror struck natives who remain on the scene never show themselves out on the street. It will be years before Tientsin can rebuild and regain her old posi- tion. BOMBARDMENT OF THE TAKU FORTS. Chapter VII. forts; he^~'"^ """*"' °' "" '»">'»'dm«,. of the sheinLr.l' "^'" " ""' ""^"^ »' ">e fight, the shot and shell just clearing our awning boom THE DAMAGE TO THE VESSELS. ag™r„d1ntha!;oTr.r She''l^J?.%'°'^ '"" '^"« £roSrr:hirH::i::^r»^^^^ The heavy loss of the Russians is accounted f " byTe AN ULTIMATUM SENT. An ultimatum had been sent ashore to the effect th,, to be taken. Then some of the naval officers went to tee mu 7^ CHINA AND THE BOXF.RS. if ;| the commander at 12 o'clock on Saturday niglit, to ask what he intended doing. The general replied that HE MEANT TO FIGHT, and a bombardment by the fleet was arranged for at 2 o'clock that morning. The Chinese, however, began fir- ing a little before i a. m., using the searchlight. The U. S. S. Monocacy had been up river on patrol work, and as she came down men on shore near the wharves opened fire on her with rifles, but they were soon silenced. The Russian vessel that was hit five times had four holes alone in one side, three of them being very near her water line. THE ILTIS LATE AT THE FIGHT. The German cruiser litis came down the river from Tang-ku an hour after the firing began, when she opened and vas followed twenty minules later by the French gimboat Lion. On Monday the Japanese were busy "sniping" all Chi- nese in the vicinity of the forts. A Russian torpedo boat went up the river and the people in one of the villages opened fire on her with rifles. She replied with her ma- chine guns aud soon cleared the place out. BRITISH USE enemy's GUNS. After taking the North fort, the British turned their gims on the other fort. At daylight the British were ashore with their rifles, picking oflF the Chinese gunners from a low wall outside the moat and then, with the Japa- nese, they rushed in over the bridge across the moat and took the place. The ships then steamed down opposite South fort, and it was here the litis sustained her losses BOMBARDMENT OF THE TAKU FORTS. 71 here the two Russians and the Frenchman. ^ anJ^h , ^l"'"' '"''"'' ^'' ^°'" " *""^ i"«» before daylight and the lookers on feared she was out of action. WUh the dawn however, she was soon as busy as ever her e.w making fine practice. The last sho[ was fired 645 A. M., accordmg to the Poo-chi's time damaged Th^J"' '" ''' '"'' '^^^^^^^ *° ^ --'0"«ly damaged. The weapons used were all the late-nattern guns the heavy muzzle-loaders being found wthhei" tompions still in their throats. The fighting united forces were represented bv three onrrgHstS^^ T ^^""- (the 11^) anc one i.nghsh (the Algerin). The latter was directly «n- attacked the enemy at '.hJi, ^. "r!"" J""''" " '°^« """ were occupied by the Japanese, ,he Right and the Left 7a CHINA AMD THE BOXERS. forts by the other forces. At 7 A. M. the fight was over, when the British took charge of the Western fort, and the Japanese left the forts to guard the station. The railway track going to Tientsin did not appear to have been wrecked, but as the locomotive had been damaged the crew of the Atago were told off to repair it. A SCENE OF CARNAGE The forts do not show much damage from the outside but on entering them a very vivid idea is gained as to the eflfcct of modern shell fire. The place was wrecked, and mutilated men and horses were thickly strewn over the Diood-stamed ground. A number of foreign houses ashore suffered severely Mr_ Limberg's being entirely destroyed. One shell went right through one of the Tang-ku hotels. The shell that smashed Mr. Limberg's house also killed three Chinese tverythmg soon quieted down and the different flags are now flymg from the forts." «P» are MURDER OF THE JAPANESE SECRETARY AND GERMAN MINISTER. Chapter VUl On June nth occurred the n.„ Jo o .. , „^,^ rivS at aI vit ,^ ' '*'\'^^ ""k- When he ar- o7 T«4 Fu S;* «"' "« «" "^""'O "y a number «. can an^d ^^[t ^ he 'Z^ Ccel^ T °' yama then demanded to k- K™.."u.?.r'*"f'"""^- S-P" brought before Generai Tung '%'KWti . Ur '■ "'" '■"''■'"" •^"'^""-"S" (fro... an o„ photograph) '«IN(E C.NC, T„E ,KACE ENVOYS. 5. ■■,„^„3.. VURDEB OF THE GERMAN MINISTER. « "al! (aShue,.; Whj, you arc luo i„sig„iiica„t to Kansu oftcer appeared on the scene, to whom Sugiyania o!r;lf„ r'"^"'- '"''''" °' ""'"^ » '"- ruffian me" V ordered the Japanese Chancellors head to be struck off as a sacnfice to their war banner, and stuck near the «te fim S ° '"'". °", "' ^"""^•" S"«iyama was't e hrst foreigner murdered inside Peking The great mass of the population of Peking were treat ly alarmed at these blood-thirsty proceedings IT' , cXr tfPP'°""' °' «•"= "•"■■'I" of the Japanese Chan- cellor, belonging to a friendly State, and the member of an Embassy; b„, the Manchus, one ^nd all we^eTuW an when they heard of the murder. Finally the officii, t" .^eniirbarf""'- ,K, ™ , P '" "'^'"e of 'he thumb denotes that theperson addressed is a 'first-class hero." timYUil«1.''";.""""°" """ •'"""8 .he vhole of the M^hu, n h!s?'"K:" """' ""' "P-ing with the MaUMvthTF "■" "°''"' «""<' Council. His .i^ia^a^-'s^rinrdi; r^ft'- -„ .^^ nob,es.^a:?m;'i:;;r™-„fxit^^^^^^^^^ — himself, and^tu^d tp::s^:';t"EJ;- .tM^J-j^: .IK'^li' 7*5 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. J I Dowager, who sat a foot or so in front on his left n„^ begged her to reconsider her decision to fight alftd"' nations. say„,g that the movement once inau^raVed fy words and turning „er back onirMaiel^Thr.*' ' Z^:t' r- '", *^"''""' pa4 wCwoJd''rwr simply drowned m the uoroar of th- \jr v. iiic legations were crowded with «r;M » i troopsoverwhomfh. T ..J ' ^"^ ravage anwngst the most law-abidine of ,h/n?^ everywhere The murder of the fk™l A,- f ^'"'" '"habitams. •he Imperial Co„Vt * nT^.^ Z 1°'"""' "« '^" »' ^.n^r of hein, ,.yo„a '^:, '^l t''ZT:ZZ r»v, n'^--?rrl"' ?^ MURDER UF THE GERMAN MINISTER. yy joined Prince Tuan aiul K-,,.^ v pre« Dowager tod^ are ''f Vk ■"'"''"« "" '^"- all Yung Lu'5 trwns In '"'' """"^ '"'*''« P"«■■ legations, swords, spears and rifles were BARON VON KETTELER. at .be p^i^c.::Li^:t:urzTr'''^'^'''''' - Nortb, ^on,„;and^"r rbr^--^^^^^^^^^^^ f T i j 78 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. Peking and formally attack the legations, destroy them, and then leave for Tientsin, to destroy the foreigners there and so on until all were driven into the sea. The late German Minister, who was murdered by the Chinese on the 20th of June, was comparatively a youi^ man. Baron Clemens August von Kettler was bom at Potsdam on the 22d of November. He entered the Dipk>- matic Service and passed a special examination for Chi- nese. In the eighties he was appointed interpreter to the German consulate at Canton. During the Chinese ris- ing in 1888, when the Foreign settlement at Canton was attacked, Baron von Ketteler distinguished himself by the energy with which, with the assistance of a few German residents, he defended a house in which the women and children had sought refuge. It was largely due to him that the rioters were expelled from the settlement. His services on this occasidn were recognized by the Emperor William I., who conferred on him the fourth class of the Red Eagle Order. After filling various other posts in the diplomatic service, Baron von Ketteler was appointed German Minister to Mexico in 1896. Last year, on the retirement of Baron von Heyking, who had successfully carried through the Kiao-Cheo negotiations. Baron von Ketteler was appointed to succeed him. He was very IJopular in European society in Peking, and, owing to his intimate knowledge of Chinese, frequently represented the legations in confidential communications with the Tsung-li Yamen. It was on such a mission as this that he was engaged when he met his death. Baron von Ket- teler married Miss Maud Ledyard. an American lady, at Detroit, in 1897. ■IME SIEGE OF PEKING. Chapteh IX. Next to tlw particulars of the fall of Pekino. ,k. • formation most eaecrh- so„al„ ,f. ^*^"'& '»« '"- reading public is p^bat 2 story of' .r' T' ?' "" in which a hand „l of foreleTs ° . ^ ."' "''"" surrounding n.yriads of thf Q neseT'T"',"'"' *' stood a siege of nine long, dreary and H '"'" *'"'- Ihe midst of Driv,.;^nc T ,7 "iesperate weeks in wereanallvre^u d aTfhr' tT'^'"' "''^'^ ""^ h will, therefore 1; 'i:'■^''^* '™" <>««'• ^° '»'• Peking dnring7he,ir from ;> '"'""' )"" ' ^'"^ "' Reid, D. D tfken fmT.h L P'" °' ^"- Gi"«rt read. ' '""" ""^ ^hangliai Mercury," will be PKKING ALARMED. by June 8th. Tl"e Amercer r™""' a>«™ed uf all decided to concentrate atH .""'"°""'" '=°"^""«'' ^nd of the A„.ricar:CodrMi's2: '"' ""'"'' ^— converts of ,he r o" In v, ^ ''°"'" '"'' ''°'^- The 8o CHINA AND THE BOXERS. dczvous, and two or three of the EngUsh missionaries were there to help. There were sixty-six men, women and children, and over 600 natives. Twenty of the American guards were sent over to give protection to them. The Catholics were mostly gathered at the North Cathedral. Refugees came in from the city and country, until there were nearly 2,000 of them. There were there also a dozen fathers, including Mgr. Favier, and about the same number of sisters. Thirty of the French guards and ten of the Italians were sent to protect them. THE WORK OF DESTRUCTION. The desertion of so much property instigated the Box- ers to attack, but there was no other course open, so long as the officials and the throne seemed indisposed to sup- press the growing disturbance. WAR DECLARED. On June 19th tlie rsung-li-Yanien handed passports to all the foreign min ters, and gave them one day's limit to leave Peking. 1 an edict of June 20th China le- clared war. Her- then was the beginning of the trouble for us. THE MURDER #" BARON VON KETTELER. Baron von Ketteler, he German Minister, had written the night before to the Yamen, asking for audience with the two princes, Ching and Tuan, at 8 o'clock the next morning, and saying he would call at that hour. The Minister, with his secretary. M. Cordes, proceeded at the time mentioned in their sedan chairs on a mission of real friendliness, to try to warn Qiina of the })eril of the 82 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. policy which had been entered upon, and at least secure proper escort. They left their German guard behind to excite no needless animosity. On their way up the main street, perhaps twenty minutes from their legation, a mili- tary officer, with button and feather on his hat, raised his rifle and aimed directly at the Minister, killing him in- stantly. The secretary was just rising from his seat, when he was shot, but not fatally. He managed to get out of his chair and without further accident, but bleed- ing profusely, wended his way, in a roundabout course, to the American Mission. As soon as he saw a foreigner, he fainted away. Ger- man guards came to carry him to his legation. The news went quickly from one to the other. The thought of at- tempting a journey to Tientsin was then given up. PREPARATIONS FOR THE SIEGE. The missionaries were ordered to proceed to their re- spective legations, and also immediately to the Briitsh le- gation, as the international rendezvous. Only a few things could be taken, such as personal servants could carry. THE FATE OF REV. HUBERTY JAMES. The one who had made the arrangements for the Catholics, and who was much respected by the Prince was Rev. Francis Huberty James. About 4 o'clock in the afternoon. Mr. James was passing along the north side of the palace on his way to the British legation We saw him motioning with his hand ; a shot was heard, and he disappeared. Our only conjecture is that he was killed. The murder of these two eminent Europeans on the same day was China's seal to her declaration of war! SIEGE OF PEKING. 83 'N THE BRITISH LEGATION. •"ve to be forsaken All ,h J \°'5" '*«»""'" would "on, each building bein^ „. 1"""* '■"» 'he iega- one nationality or^^com^ny 'r"'"' *^^ "« «' «>^« one knew the outcom"^' ^'" '"K'^ad begun. No '••-ha^rXo^S^^^^ <'o- In d'nj brought with them. Whil" '^'' '«»P' "» l»d- •n»de for a siege or defend hi^ PT"""" '"^ ^^ ^hape in a n,ost renurkab": 'mltf:' """' «°* ''«'' THE LINE OF DEFENSE Was about 1,000 yards eao .„ 1 and American legations a? ewcsnrih'T,!'" '*"««" a' the east, and some 600 yards nlL . """»" '«8»»'on Austrian legation at norU,~s, "71 ■*"'' »°''"' '««> the northwest to the city JalU ' ^"•' «"""• ''P-tion at the «« French, German,';:^"." " 'd?''"-- .^""~" *«« quarters of ,|,e Custom, the HnX^n"" ''«'"°"». the K.eruirs store, ImbecT i Ire ^ !' °' ^'^'"e. the 6ub, f I B4 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. gtted at the palace of Prince Su. all of which was turned over to their use the second day of the siege. The guns were Colts automatic with the Americans, the Nordcnfcldt with the British, a Maxim gun with the Austrians, and a one-pounder with the Italians. On July 7th we utilized what was termed the International Gun. Some gave it the name of 'Betsy.' It was an old English gun of '60 found that day in a Chinese shqp by a China- man. The shells fitted to this gun were Russian, the Rus- sians having brought shells but no gun. She was placed on an lulian carriage and had an American gunner. THE FORTIFICATIONS. Hardly had the cosmopolitan company assembled at the British legation, when not only the food supply be- came an important question, but the whole matter of for- tification was seen to have been left almost neglected. Less had been done than at the American Methodist Mission, and yet there was the possibility of needing the legations as a place of defense. Rev. Mr. Gamewell. of that mission, who had shown skill in making fortifica- tions, was chosen by Sir Claude Macdonald as chief of fortifications. Day after day, and many nights, he toiled, until at the end we began to feel ourselves quite secure. The rifle firing was mostly at night, but the injury in- flicted was greater in the day There were some sharp- shooters, showing that under proper drill the Chinese could make good soldiers. Many of those wounded were from stray shots or from carelessness. At night the main thing for our men to do was to lie low and save their ammunition. THE BIG GUN PRACTICE. Firing from guns began on June 23d, and became real 'JSh'SBSZWK]^aM?SIStU -1 « r !«' «iiSr.R or ntKiMO. «S cannonading l,y the aSih. Tlicrc w« , i. gun at the gale to the west of il. * ^^' 'hrccimh other a. .he gate to the e«, o ,. T""" ^""^' "" large Krupp g„„ „„,„ ^/"^ °^ 'h' Germ.„ po.,.,,^. , cgation ; a smaller g„„ for a ew rt! '^'"^ '"" '''"'«='' '««».ion, an,l prohaW, ZcJZ^Z 7',°' "" «"""• north of the Uritish legation T ' ''"'*"»' C'V '-of shell, or cannon talMredtheTT •" "" """- «''ght. From July jth to J.,ly M.h M,r "^T "" "«^^ fired, as actually coanted, was .6 . tk"""*' °' "«"' could not have heen less ihan * '°'»' """''>"• "vere prepared in the British legX ^'"'"" """'"' icgauon, but never used. FAILURES OF SORTIES. on°Zr;::l-- --^» failures. The «r.., ••■c British legation to eC re ,1 j';^"^' T" ""de fron, •he west. The g«„ ,J,T^ "•' ^" "'"'^h fired from day wa. «, seve^y wo LdedT ""• '"" ^*P""" ""•■- he was „„fi, {„ J,;°""*'' "«" ""til the troop, came Cy:r tr^o^;^' xr ^-^ •" •"«"-« -He from the grounds of Pri„„ S" n"' '""^ '°"'" ""'en a /ew Italians and British .mer ^^IT "" *'''" "^ Lieutenant Paolini. The sJ^l i '"" "Commander, nese under Captain Ando "T ;'" """" '">' ">« J»l»- ""•l one, leading righrun =.1 """ """* Provely of canned gcM^ds, but each group had to form plans for itself, which resulted m greater comfort for some than for others The purchase of vegetables was no longer possible. As to meat, there were a few sheep, sufficient for the sick wounded and the favored only a few weeks. There were' fortunately a good number of horses and mules in the legation or brought in the first day. Thus our meat sup- ply kept up until the end. As to flour, there were onl^a SIEGE OF PEKING. 93 few bags of white flour for the whole company. Fortu- nately, again, there were native shops within our line of defense, and therein was an abundant store of rice, coarse wheat and still coanser grain. A mill was started and kept a-going grinding flour, which was both nutritious and really palatable. . . public bakery was also started. CoflFee, tea and sugar lasted, and butter for occasional use. SAD POSITION OF THE CHILDRtN. The main an ciety was concerning the little children. It was difficult to keep a supply of condensed milk, for the grown-up were disinclined at the outset to forego its use. In various ways the children were cared for. There were several cases of sickness among them. The only deaths from sickness were of children. There were five of these little ones called away to their happier home, one child of Mrs. Kruger, two of Mrs. Imbeck, one of Mrs. Inglis and one of Mrs. Book. The sickness among the Chinese, and especially the children, was much greater, owing to poorer food and accommodations. On August loth a secret message arrived from Gen- eral Fukushima, after communication had been inter- rupted with the reinforcements for a few days. It was dated Mang-tsi-tsun, August 8th, 8:20 A. M., and stated that the reinforcements had already arrived there, and, unless there occurred some unforeseen event, Peking would be reached either on the 13th or 14th. This trust- worthy information visibly encouraged the besieged people. After the message reporting the approach of the relief troops was received all the people were craning their necks, expecting their arrival, though their coming had 11 94 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. been almost despaired of anH tu^ • r seldom spoken of ^ remforcements were The French Minister had hear.! fr^ there had been a severe eni„ a Chan ' r " ""* August nth and rnnn tm • . ^"fi^"*^'"^-wang wounded, a'cc" in.To r "'''. 5"' ^^^" "^'"^^ ^-^ the alhes ^e:T^t^.:',^^^'^^'^^^ — ^e, after to-morrow an,l ? to-morrow or the day one came from tl,e Ts„, e enemy wouZake a L ' """" '^' "'""^'' """ .he allies'approaci", Pat;''"'""'' ^"-"^ - - -hen an. itr s'C": t^ r T-r" ^' ^ ^'^ "•• ■•"?. The British le^a i^n su«Zl 1 1""°^'"' '"""'- tack. This was th hardest fit , "'"' °' "" »'- condusion of the arnSe ^ ^"^ '"' "'"' ^'"^ ""^ e.-^"AjiX:'rs'tt" pSrr"' ''""'^" "'"■•«'<' •"' f- «o„ld come to the Lu h I r '"'' ""■" ^""-'"s pnrpose of carry.W "n 1 ^ "•" " ^- "• f°^ "^ -as not fulfilled ^Ame^a^! "'^"-"on^- The promise it was said that ChlnTdesf 7? ''"' '"''"^<'' ■" -'"'ch ^t the forei^ s^Id^r: ^ n^^fi" "^ "^^^^^ Chmese, had killed twenty s£ of m^ ''"' °" "•= Ministers, the messa^r,Hri 1 ^""- ^''^ (<""g" restoration of pt « fndft ' ""''""^ '"'' "°' '™h th^ officials to come ToXTJtL """"''"' '* "" Chinese ■-«nd of cannonadrfwaThetM t ^'"T' " ^^ "' "« apparently heraldine tJZ , ?™'''' "'^ southeast. »t .o P. a1 ,„e enemv c:^::^' '' "' ""''' ^'""""- """"' W occasionr:a~ ^eS"^^ ' ''''''■ Sieoe OF PEKING. August 14th was the dav on ,vhicli ih, .ii- arrive in Peking. All wer',. ZZV . *"'" ""^ «> l>ombardment. At 2 A M ,h "^ T^ "" »""'' "' 'he ^uns was heard in tl^' d/re^^.^X °' "",''""' ^"■■"•' an.l .he Tse-hwa gates. T^e d .i^m,'" "'""^P-" ;"«g".ed. The bombardment ^ewfiL';" ."""'"'" '^ '"•ought that 20O forei™ trJ„ 1 / ' '^ "P"'"' «'»' t'us morning T ° T , "^^ ^'' '"'"'=<' Pe'""ff carlv --iting for^six? ong t::?"''/'"'^'- ^' "="' >«- compIe.xioned and vel '' J Z " ''''■ """ ""'" ^- .0 arrive at the fo^^.'^^ [^^ '^P' -- •>- THE SO.VG OF THE SIEGE. % the Rev. C. H Fern .„ .u . |"n..>. .ramp, .he boysTr;'°m:re\tr:"'' '''^' "^^^P' We have been besieSV.'' ""' "'"^ renowned And .be """^'n^^l'^^t'^^^^^A^n.. .rick. And beneath our A'arioi V X- *'°'"*'' In .r'"Free,a„c, " "" ■"""" '""• "> Here are d' "" """ ''"''"'' """" And'Sey'Se'thf ferF-'t'"''?* '°«ign Powers They w,l| neither mltchlV^iJl""" "nxions Mr"" and flowers ""'Kht home, nor reside mid (r„i, •" cL'ruT"' "«"'«" "-^/ve been invi.ed .here. For , he Boxer, .0 'JxfenT^^l-^V.r""^ •""' »"' 96 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. Th,, h„. p„„„j i„ .„„, .„j ,^^„ ^._^ ^__ ^._^_ ^ ^^^ ^^^__^ That mp« of us still live to tell the tale- '■^Tatcftu-.V'^"''-' «"ci''^wlSlrand barrack, have ^^Aml ffv^"'''*' marines, who have borne fatigue and oain 'aXl '"""" """' "•""n,.TK'v1t.'i'b"rc,th. ^^^ '"come," '"■' """ ""'' "''"'• '""« <" "•'" '<« ««!" to Ponj-stcalt and stew we find not bad to eat- "da's,""' *" ■"" " '""■ "o""' "."le them hop and For our Betsy is a wonder (or to see Chorus. ^Wh!.'?,"" kept in best of cheer by the faithful ladies fair OMhe touJ.°J^'i':i'^ "^i^^l *"^ main to he p the m*'n : aJ!i 1, "^*^j^"*^ *^^ '"ck they have taken best of care ^'""'th? way!'"'''" '''"" ^^^ ^'"*' '*'** °"' t^°°P» «r« on Three and thirty thousand men of valcr tried- uJl&\ '^^P* ^^ V^'t- sure that they will brine the dav Ch "' ^" *° ^*''""* P"*^*' TilK RELlEl' OF PEKING. ClIAl'Tlik X. A full account of the taWiiio- «f i> i • ••Nagasaki P.ess/. frl^ltS^ j *Z ':,fe'l" ^^'''' salient points: "^ following no.^'mtefli^fhS" «' ''''"="'.^'." °" ^"^"^' ^<'' -<> <«" ments took placf but th, P'"'" '"'""' '"gage- men. forming the mai'n '^: Tht t^^""'""' ''^^'■- "lly to a position i 2™, „.. " . "^^ '"°^«' "p- The Twen'^.fi °" Pe^ "?" '™'" ">« Tsi-hwa Gate. right, taking^he Tunis r"rr"' ^'' °« '» 'he Outside the Tse-hw! gI?. °' '" °^J~"^' P"'"'- •his was reached by he Forfi": V'""^ '■""^e. and A. M^ The cavairy'scouts r^;f" ha^rr' "' '•'^ ranged on the wall in fightinB order T^ .?""^ ""' Forty-first Regiment thereffr. * """"^ "^ ">« "■•ng. and the1nfant;y advi^e'/r; '""> '^"°" <» "ne The enemy opened a sete™ fiTe from'th'^.f' "^ '"■ Japanese troops pushed on grat aSltgtterrn S!.* ii 98 CHINA AND THE B0XER8. houses on either side of the road. On approaching the gate, they found the walls and towers intact, and so high that to scale them was quite out of the question. Yaz-ki, with a detachment of the First Company, and Captain Minamiyama, with the Tenth. Company, attempted to force the gate, but failed. Major Saiki then led the fore- most battalion to the gate, for the purpose of blowing it up with gun-cotton, but the enemy's fire was so heavy that it was found impossible to effect this purpose. The casualties at this stage were very heavy. The ar- tillery now received orders from Lieutenant General Ya- maguchi to fire at the enemy crowding the wall. The ar- tillery's position was on an elevated spot about 1,500 or 1,600 metres from the Tse-hwa Gate, under the com- mand of Colonel Nagata. It commenced firing at 9 140 A. M., the eighteen field guns and twenty-six mountain guns keeping up an incessant cannonade. Several at- tempts were made to carry forward gun-cotton, but the men could not yet cross the zone of fire. The Tung-chi Gate, which was attacked by the Twenty- firi:t Regiment, was captured in a similar manner to that of the Tse-hwa Gate, the outer and the inner gates being blown up by gun-cotton. Then the Twenty-first Regi- ment charged through the streets, and the enemy fled, leaving several hundreds of dead and seventy pieces of ar- tillery. The Forty-second Regiment, which had formed the mam body of the division, took no part in the attack on the city. It entered Peking on the night of the 14th by the Tse-hwa Gate, after the latter had been blown up by tlje Eleventh Regiment and 200 rank and file killed or wounded. Major Muraya^na, who was in command of SELIEr OF PEKING. ^ the leading battalion of the Eleventh p>»- . .. his men to assist the attack on Z T ^T "!'' '''^PO^d news reached him just then thrt u p'"'"'"" *^''"' '""' ^» =". entry at the TuZ It r' '?' '^""'='"^ '^^l «ff=«e,l .0 march thither^ v r.heobt't f T'-'" ""^ """""o" munication with tl,e legatSf Brn'ri T^'^ '^°"'- reaching the gate, fot,nd tha" it had „„, ,. "f °"' "" and, therefore th^ .,■„„ ' '"^" breachcl, that the tJ,! pL Ga^L:;'?''^f ™^ '^«'>^,;?atle:ays''anT".^^^^^ "'T '" '"^"^ fulness under all cirr,,m« •^'^ ^ """''^'^d cheer- as a tonic ^.hl":r r::'eS' 'r r^" ^ ^°°^ were sometimes, to be des^onLT One of 'the m" •"'' aries started a hpt*^r,r ♦!, t • ^ ^"^ mission- from whi/h'he t:rS « L'SS ""h" "if ''""^• themselves useful one wa/o hTo^h^ ' Th ™'' aries were auarterpH ,« /, "'/"^ .^'^"er. The mission- eighty of Vem^Cth^re ''^"°" ^"''P^'' -" -- ,^ The commissariat might have been worse anrf ,V • i.. have been better. There was plenty of rice^nrf ponies were killed daily for meat n ' ^° few sheep, J. R. Br.«e/ aLfTe^^reta^v of .I^r * '"^ being shepherd, but these werf ^^ ;"; t^; ! ',! io6 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. Several children died for the want of milk. Eggs were occasionally procurable from a Chinese soldier, who also sold ammunition and false intelligence for a considera- lion. One very deplorable item was that there were not enough medicines and lint in the legation. There was only one bottle of chloroform available and no bandages. Had the siege lasted much longer, or had more serious explosions occurred, there would have been no help for the wounded. ^ Throughout the siege the behavior of the ladies was beyond praise. After the first shock they went about their duties, tending the sick and wounded as calmly as trained nurses. Not! one flinched, and they were ex- amples to some of the men. Although there were plenty of doctors, a lady. Dr. Sa- vil e, shewed conspicuous courage under fire, and was untiring i„ her efforts to relieve the sick and wounded. first lady hit in Peking after the occupation. While tending a wounded man, she was struck by a bullet in the thigh, and her attendant, a Sikh, was also wounded. ******** In defiance of orders, the looting by the allies was uni- versa . It is curious to note that the Chinese were more frightened of the dusky faces of the British Indian trooos than they were of their bullets. Upon entering the Im- perial City the allied forces found in the carriage park arsenal many thousand stands of arms, also ammunition cannon, etc., all of which were new and of GermaiJ make. I FEARFUL SUFFERING OF FOREIGNERS IN IN- LAND CHINA. I Chapter XI. sib!^fro!lTh"^ ^'?T '"'"' '^" 8atl.ered, when pos- .rials' T . "" ° ''I'' '" "''' '"""eh these fearful »nak. In sojne cases the information regardine the fiends were through native sources. Especially i L so .n the case of .he wholesale butchery bTthe'i^f^ous Jereffifr' ''™" °' ^'"'"-*'' *"» " »"« «■»« mur- dered fifty-one men, women and children to satisfy his cruel hate of foreigners. ^ „V,t'""''\°!""'^" '"^ ^^"< ^-'hed for by mis- ^onanes who know him well, gives the following regard- ing the Shan-s. massacre: Miss Whitchurch i,d Miss Sewell were murdered at Hsiao-i-hsie„ on the Lb It /he d "7" "' ^°'''" '"^ "> ** house, b^Le t adiesTh'"' ""''^■''" " '"°^' ^"'"""g "«">""■ The ad es, who were qmte alone, sent at once to the Ma«s- ^ate, who came in person, flew into a rage, and told t^ h.s soldiers were for ,he protection of the Chine« n^ for such as they. The Boxers then rushed into the ho"« and removed everything of value, looting it IZ^u The two helpless ladies were seized, stripped of all S dothes and clubbed to death. After a^vas ovL ^ Magistrate returned and buried them in the bap„T^ io8 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. On the same clay the house of Mr. Stokes, a C. I. M. missionary at Tai-yuan-fu, was attacked by soldiers. Mr. Stokes had some firearms, and he and the others in the house managed to keep the troops at bay for some time. They saw that they must be outnumbered, however, and as the soldiers prepared to fire the house, they made their escape by the back of the house to Mr. Farthing's English Baptist Mission. One lady, a Miss E. Coombs, however, in her anxiety about some native Christians, became sep- arated from the others, and in the confusion she got left behind. The soldiers caught her and knocked her down, but did not stun her. She pleaded with them for her life,' but the ruffians seized and flung her into the burning building, where, it is to be hoped, her suflferings were brief. All the Protestgnt missionaries collected in Mr. Farthing's house, and there they stayed until summoned to Governor Yu's Yamen, on July 9th, under a promise of escort to Tientsin. This party consisted of Mr. and Mrs. Stokes, of the C. I. M. ; Mr. and Mrs. Simpson, Hsou-yang Mission; Mr. and Mrs. Beynon, with, it is believed, two children; Mr. and Mrs. Farthing, with sev- eral children; Dr. and Mrs. Wilson, C. I. M., Ping-yang- fu; Dr. and Mrs. Lovitt, Dr. and Mrs. Piggott, child and tutor, of the Hsou-yang Mission, and others. Just at the end of June the English missionaries at Hsou-yang fled to the mountains, there being serious signs of trouble, and then, for some reason not quite clear, they returned there. They were immediately arrested by the Magistrate, who put them in chains, with iron collars round their necks, and sent them in carts to Tai-yaun-fu, refusing any food on the ^ay. On arriving at Tai-yaun- fu, about the loth of the sixth moon, July 6th, they were sent to Governor Yu's Yamen, and then sent by him to SUFFERING IN INLAND CHINA. 109 the District Magistrate's Yamen. where they were shut up. the men and women being kept separate and the hus- bands and wives being refused all intercourse. Including the Hsou-yang party from Mr. Farthing's house already mentioned, their total number was fifty-one When they were all in the Yamen, the doors were closed and the missionaries realized that they had been trapped' They were not kept in suspense long. The Boxers were ordered to enter and slaughter them, the Governor's troops mounting guard while the ghastly deed was being done. No particulars are positively known about the massacre beyond the fact that the heads of all the victims were displayed outside the Yamen later in the day On the same day forty native Christians wer killed, and on the following day ten Catholic priests, " the same place and manner. The narrative then takes us to Tai-kou, on July 31st where the Boxers attacked the mission there, first kill- ing the preacher, Mr. Fiu Fong-chi, and Mr. Liu, his as- sistant. Messrs. Clapp, Williams and Davis, who had firearms, fired on the Boxers from the roofs of their houses, and for a time kept them at bay, the ladies of the mission, Mrs. Clapp, Miss Bird and Miss Partridge meanwhile taking refuge in one of the outhouses of the mission compound. They were soon overpowered and all killed, and the heads of the whole party were taken to Tai-yuan-fu. One hundred native Christians, including sixty Catholics, were also massacred at this place His last story of massacre brings us to August 15th and \en.chou.fu. There were at the station when the trouble began, Mr. and Mrs. Price and little girl, Mr. and Mrs. Atwater and two girls, belonging to the American Board; Mr. and Mrs. Landgren and Miss Eldred, of the no CHINA AND THE BOXERS. tLT. , f '"' "" P'""' '" promising to give t.m. The Prefect had been ordered to drive them Z and there wa., therefore, no help for it but rn^ i' althongh the Magistrate "again Xl^l^'for.l^^;^ .larted under an escort of twenty soldiers. When lev oi sowiers were lynig ,n wait ten li further on and knowing he could not save .l,e,u, he managed ^ get' •way He subsequently learne.l that, on nfee.ine fhl other band of soldiers, the escort gave a sigua, „d h httle band of missionaries were hacked to niece Their death was cruel and lingering '" At Hao-lu he heard that some missionaries had escaped "to the mountams, but had been captured by Boxm a^d ting-fu. He was not sure of their names or fate H, wn. on to Ch„ng.,ing.fu, where he found ^ga" \Zt Z """T',"' "" """"'"' °f Boxers who were ootmg all round the viltages outside. He waited unt'l the cty guard, opened the gates for a few minutes ,ot thoL^ *« '--"■"'■'^ Cathedral, which ,vas uninjured though, as above stated, some of the oth^r m,„- ' °' sr-d^.^ ^^"•'^^^' Het:i'rrr/r Inland Mission; a Catholic bishop, three orieL fi nuns, all French: three Italians, one Belgian and T Frenchman, all railway engineer^ * °"' Messrs. Brown and Griffith told him thev l,.-,d K. driven from place to place until they had I" lilf ,„"::; SUFFERING IN INLAND CHINA. Ill refuse w.th the priest at Qiung-ting-fu. They gave in- formant a shp of calico with "This mai> is trustworthy" on It. not caring to endanger his hfe bv giving him a A VIEW OF PAO-TING-FU, WHERE MANY MISSIONARIES WERE MASSACRED. letter, arid told him to come to Tientsin as quickly as pos- sible and mform the military authorities of their i^ tion. He arrived at Tientsin late on Saturday night and 112 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. gave his statement to the authorities on Sunday morning We have also obtained the following narrative from one of the unfortunate Belgian engineers, who has lately reached here from Pao-ting-fu. No attempt has been made to describe the sufferings of the party, especially the women, but those who saw the first party arrive and can iniagme what four days' exposure at this hot season without food or drink and beinj. hunted like wild ani, mals means will realize how keen those sufferings were I he writer states: 'On Sunday, May 27th, four of us were in the train due at Liu-h-ho at 4 p. m. In the neighborhood of Cho- chow our train stopped. The station master told us the Boxers had destroyed the bridges and track. We imme- diately backed the train to Kao-pei-tien, where we found 1,900 soldiers, under the command of a general, who re- tused to encounter the Boxers, protesting that he had no orders from his chief on the subject. The train then started for Pao-ting-fu. The following day, 28th we seven other engineers and myself, left Pao-ting-fu on a special train at 4 a. m., with materials for repairing the track. On our arrival at Kao-pei-tien a band of villagers incited by Boxers, rifled the train and station; leaving nothing but bare walls. The next day we all left Pao- ting-fu under escort— thirty-two men, six women and one little girl of three years. "About 3 o'clock we secured twelve sampans, one oc- cupied by the mandarin. Sun, and another by the interpre- ter. The former left us next day about 4 p. m. Orders were given by him to shut in the sampans entirely On Tuesday, at 5 a. m., the Boxers, who had been waiting for us at the hills, opened fire on the boats, seven of our party being wounded by the volley. The soldiers escort- '^^m^:-:w^: '^mmi-' SUFFEKING IN INLAND CHINA. We then went on shoS '"d ?h/f '*'' •" «" °"- back on the plains, where we «« them hT' '"'' '•=" cecded in puttine them t^ fl; t. / . '^"'* ^n^" sue- then discover dfhatTour ^ """ '""'"^ «^«"'- We reached another ri'erLt "??; '""* '"^'^S- We Twoofusswat^or:;]" jid^trr'wr.'-^ -o-- the whole party over to the oti'er bank Lt , "" ^' discovered anothpr r«^K Before longr we some fiftv Box* itu^J^', "^''' """^ "ad to fight "ver. The w:::en ,^re «h LT T"" '^'''''^'' '"^ most part demorah.ed. Wetad trt ^^■'"'" '°' *' drink since we left the ^-^'Mor.!;.'"^ '" ^t' "' foot was impossible. ~° Pfoceed on muci «ht:^rd ';;:„7" "^^ =>"<• -'^». -« we wer. a boat from a bendTn e i^rr' '^''" ""« ''^'«'«<' 8 in the evening, the strLrj' ,^ """""«' '" '"'« «"" •he bank as an Scon. "S ,12 '^''^^°'"« ^'°"f two fires. Behind „s came a smal "^ ''Tf ''" '«"^«" with guns awaited ns on X "aT' W IT ''™'"' agam, and though we killed several we haS"? '° ''^'" once more to the nlains «,hl. "*'' '° ''etreat up such a murderous fireThatth? '""""'" '" ''«P-"« stayed thereabouts all l^t ' . "IT/''""'"'- ^e n«t morning ,o trv and V- v, ^""^ '"" ^S^'" ••« Wednesday m^orning we were thTl ""'•'■"• ^"' "^ tl-e Boxers, and eafh ttae wet-^J""^' '" »""'« with About midday, on nearing a b l^^ " "°""'^'1 """"y- •o wage a regular battk agarfc! ""' f ^'^ more than a thousand and l!^Z fm^Z%"T*^""^ was protected by four ginga J VeThou^g ^0^; T^^ i «3 ^:^^ 114 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. hour had come, and bade farewell to each other; but the younger men determined to make one more effort. A desperate charge on our part made them abandon their gingals, and the mob then fled, followed by our shots. Great courage was shown by several members of our party. We then resumed our tramp to Tientsin, still some 200 li away. At about 4 p. m. we had repulsed the Boxers several times, but they kept reforming. Each time we killed several of the mob, which had the effect of driving them away. In the evening we camped in a marsh, after having crossed a small river, and resumed our journey about 3 a. m. We cut the lines of the enemy about 4 a. m., and surprised an advance post, wbose ob- ject was to stop our progress. But we routed this de- tachment, and this was the last encounter we had, and finally reached Tientsin." \ ESCAPED FROM SHAN-SI. A TERRIBLE STORY. Of all the provinces, Shan-si holds the record for dia- bolical massacres and barbarities. At one time it looked as if not a single foreigner could by any possibility es- cape the murderous purpose of Yii Hsien, whom our Ministers sc supinely allowed to be made governor there. Fortunately, some have escaped. A party of refugees from Shan-si arrived here (Hankow) to-dav, after en- countering such sufferings and hairbreadth' escapes as will be difficult to find a parallel anywhere. The party consisted of Mr. and Mrs. A. R. Satmders, with two children (other two of their children died on pm?^':::m^^'z:^'M SUFFERING IN INLAND CHINA. j 15 children, and Miss Gates from Lu an AM ' "'*.'"" ^Hend,,. an^d Had iss^ r^ilL^^^ ^r^.X as to what was gomg on, or anticipate danger On that Sa r;:' a"'= "f =■ ''"" '™'" Tai^«a„,°:c ' . by Yu hL„ thr'"""""" "'■"" ''^'" J"^' "«" --ed informed tC Chi! ' '" "'""' ""= P-^^P'-^ ""« th,7 11 r ^ "* "^^ ^' "-^ With foreigners and tha al fore,g„ devils must be destroyed, ofthe back favorawr T"* "'" ""' ^^^^'^'"''^ was havin. his favorable proclamation taken down from the wals and : cL La. ^''^'V'^" '° "-olish ourThi •' the city. Later on, m the evening, a mob arrived at om house m the suburb, and we werf driven to tX refuge •IS. He had received orders no longer to protect fnr e.gners, and bade us depart in peace.^ At lenpt i^ t swer to our entreaties, he agreed to send us to T^i " ^ ca'™-.i We • "f " ^"°^'' ^° "^ ''='^^'' north for the capital. We got within 20 li of it without adventure south. He impWd u.s lo turn back, as the Inland Mis- IS I r m^m^m'^r^: ii6 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. sion had already been burned, the Roman CathoHc estab- hshment pulled down, and all the foreigners were in the Baptist Mission compound surrounded by a great mob, who were threatening to burn it with all who were inside! On this we turned back toward Ping-yao, and our escort at once left us. We had not much money, and the people demanded exorbitant prices for. everything, even for the simple permission to pass along the road. We sold our clothes and pawned whatever would pawn, including our wedding rings, and in this way reached our station at Lu-cheng, safe but stripped. "Lu-cheng had not yet been rioted, but only two days' peace was allowed us, when, with the friends there, we had to flee for our lives at midnight, with nothing but one donkey load of bedding and clothes and supply of silver, which we divided Hip among the party. Which direction to take we did not know. To go north again was out of the question, and eastward to Shan-tung was equally impossible, so we made for the south, hoping to get through Honan and Hupeh to Hankow. But we had only got 40 li from Lu-cheng, when we were stopped at a large village by some two hundred people, who de- manded money. We could not satisfy them, so they seized our donkey, and in sheer wanton mischief tore all our bedding and clothes to pieces. Then they stripped us next, taking each person's clothes, hat, shoes and stock- mgs, and little store of silver, leaving us nothing, ladies and children alike, but a single pair of native drawers each. In this aflPair we lost the natives who were accom- panying us, some of whom we fear were killed, while we were driven along the road by men with clut- It was a terrible situation. The blazing sun burned us to the bone, and some of us had not so much as a little piece of SUFFERING IN INLAND CHINA. "7 rag to wet and put on the top of our heads A. and before J ^^^Jout'V)"' "' '"' '''''^' from the next had .1^, , ""'' ''""^ °"' 'he mob Neither f„or:o't.t'^;l''^'X;^^^^^^^^^ '" "»"• tnved to exist we hardly know F , "°* "" '^•'■ port was found in the mthT'nJ ?, ''"/' °" ""'^ »"P- VVhenwereachedadtvif ^ '^, f" ""^ "" ^^^side. «ch Magistrate was "'xlr^>f ■'* l"'"- ^PP"™"^' end in thT next cImtT 111 "' '""" '° °" they would give us a iiulTfl ' T """' '° *' ^amen us safely oLMtZlZZtTr" r" '° ^' ju'-diction. Arrived at tlLM,'^'"'" ^^™'« .-3.^nd we Haa to ^^X^ri^L^-- ^-- 'e^t Chan" iX':'::i''Tfat°d '"h r =° "• ""* °f Tseh- sat down on the oadsWe f °"' ''."= '"^ "'^^ "o""™ die. but walk anotl^step 'heyS' :^ T"'^ """"S'^ city the Magistrate had g ve^-s i s2n !""''r"°''^ which we had to carry in our hands h?J' ^"^" ?' "'"'■■• to put it. We thought we Wh, t K "^ "°"''"' ^'« for these ladies with th JpSf ^f' ,,!'; '° "'^^ " -« went to a village to negotiate T^ u ' ^ '"° °* "^ cart, but at the same^^! /u ^' '""^«^"=''^ "f««= '"" There a mob fell '^Po^^ZZTZTZ!'^ T- th.s way the two helpless ladies got left tZ2 ^^.^J othing: could be do reached, when the Magistrate senVback one till Tseh-chau was to inquire. Miss ii8 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. Rice was found to be already dead, but Miss Houston, although dreadfully injured, was still alive. She died afterward at Yun-mung, in Hupeh, and the body was brought on to Hankow for burial. "The crossing of the Yellow River was one of our most trying experiences. The Yamen had placed us in carts, and promised to send us over. But as soon as we were in the boat the carts drove away, and the boatmen ordered us to land again, as they declined pointblank to have anything to do with us. For two days we sat on the bank of the Yellow River, not knowing what to do. We were like the Israelites at the Red Sea. Pharaoh was behind ; neither right nor left was there any retreat and no means of crossing over. On the third day the boatmen unex- pectedly changed their n^inds and took us over. "The first city we came to south of the river was Chang-chou. The Magistrate here was bitterly anti-for- eign, and said had we only arrived twenty-four hours sooner he would have had the pleasure of killing us all. His orders were to allow no foreign devil to escape, but the Empress-Dowager had taken pity on them, and he had just been instructed to have them all sent as pris- oners into Hupeh. Accordingly, from this point we were sent on across Honan, from city to city, as prisoners, by the Yamens, some in carts and sometimes mounted on the hard wooden pack saddles of donkeys. For food they gave us bread and water, and nowhere showed us any kindness till we reached Sin-yang-chou, the last city in Honan. Here we were no longer treated as prisoners, and here we met with the Glovers, from Lu-an, who had arrived there after a similar journey. The Hupeh Mag- istrates were exceedingly kirid. At the first city, Ying- shan, we were supplied with food and clothing and kept II -Mr,^' ''" n 120 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. in the Yamen five days, as the road south was blocked by soldiers proceeding to Peking, whom it would not be safe to meet. The Ying-shan native Christians also sought us out and showed us great kindness, as they also did at the cities of Teh-ngan, Yun-mung and Hsao-kan. Mrs. E. J. Cooper died at Ying-shan of the injuries and hardships undergone, and her body was brought to Han- kow for burial. Mrs. Glover was confined a few days after their arrival at Hankow. The child was dead, and in a short time she, too, passed over the river, and is with her blessed Lord. Thus ended at Hankow, on the 14th of August, a journey of fifty days' duration, of which the wonder is that a single one survived to tell the tale." ******** The Rev. Father Jertmiah was delivered in a most marked manner. His station was at Pa-shan, Hunan. His life was saved by an old Chinese woman, who, though a heathen, was moved to pity by his distressed condition and hid him for six days in a rice box. At tlie end of the six days the disturbance had subsided some- what, and he managed to get away to Hankow. The Rev. Father Stephanus Sette, who had charge of the station at Hing-shui, Hunan, was attacked on the 4th of July, and he owes his escape to the reverence of the Chinese for the remains of the dead. He was dumped in a box somewhat resembling a coffin, and in this way was carried by native Christians a distance of over 300 li (100 miles) to Lien-chau, the journey taking about seven days. The party was frequently stopped on the way, but when informed that the box contained La- man remains, which were being carried to their native country for burial, all inquiries were satisfied. "WW^"^ SUFFERING IN INLAND CHINA. tst On reaching Lien-chau. one of the native Christians hunted up a boatman, wlio agreed to take him and two friends to Canton for $io. When he found out. however, that one of the party was a European he said he should want much more pay. and ultimately $50 was agreed upon Durmg the trip down the river the boatman, think- ing this a good chance to make money, threatened to have father Sette thrown overboard unless 300 ounces of silver was forthcoming. The party had nothing like the amount with them. but. putting on a bold front, they in- formed the man that he could have double'that amount If he tooK them safely to Canton, where, thev said the missionary had a rich brother residing. He accordingly anded them safely ,n Canton and accompanied them to the head of the Roman Catholic Mission there, and sub- sequently to the French Consul, who gave him a fair recompense for his trouble. f A Boxer who saw the murder of Mr. Chao. an evan- gelist of the London Mission, and of Mr. Liu. an inquirer of the same mission, gave the following account of the occurrence to a friend of his in this city : "On May 12th the Boxers crossed the River Tsz-tsun about three li from Kung-tsun. when they met Mr. Uu.' TJey recognized him as one of the adherents of the Christian Church and at once attacked him and wounded him with their swords. Then they took him and tied him up securely to a tree on the bank of the river. This done F ^y proceeded to the London Mission Chapel at Kung- tsun. found Mr. Chao. the evangelist, bound his tumbs and great toes tightly together and carried him to a tree near to that on which Mr. Liu was bound. They then 122 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. Chopped Off Mr. Liu's amis, disemboweled him, cut off his head and cast all into the river. Afterward all set to work m fury and hacked Mr. Chao into pieces and threw the fragments mto the river. Then they returned to the chapel at Kung-tsun, looted the furniture, smashed the mscnption board to pieces and went away." The Christians, being forewarned, left the place the day betorc the murders took place. They begged Mr Uiao to come away, but he absolutely refused, saying- I was sent here to work for the Church, and it is my duty to stay; If I lose my life for the sake of religion, I shall be content, and it will be an honor to my name " HI STORY OF THE FLIGHT OF THE MEMBERS OF THE CANADIAN PRESBYTERIAN MISSION. By T. Craigie Hood. l Chapter XII. Everything seemed perfectly quiet in North Honan when, on June 4th, Drs. McCUire and Mcnzies, with their families, and Dr. Margaret S. Wallace, set out by houseboat for Pei-tai-ho via Tientsin. We had no thought of being disturbed, except, perhaps, that a famine, whose certain coming became every day more evident as the rain held off, might cause us trouble. .Scarcely a week had gone by when news came to us of the Pao-ting-fu trouble, and we found our mail service cut off and our communication with the outside world broken. On June 14th we received, via Liu-ching, a telegram, which ran somewhat as follows: "Traveling toward Tientsin unsafe; foreign troops rescuing Peking; all es- cape south." On June 15th a local disturbance arose. That morning a Chinese woman was washing the up- stairs* windows of Mr. Mackenzie's new foreign-built house at Chu-wang, when some women on the street caught sight of her and immediately started the report I' :f 124 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. that just as the clouds were gathering and the rain begin- ning to fall the •foreign devils" were seen waving a cfoth with strange characters on it, and this drove the clouds away. A fruit-seller spread the report through the town, and soon a mob of about i,ooo people were at the com- pound gate clamoring for admittance, and could scarcely be restramed by the officials. The days that followed were anxious ones. Every few days the mob would be- come frantic and threaten the lives of the missionaries. Reports from the north of alleged Boxer successes, and a report that Dr. McClure and party had been murdered, added fuel to the fire. On June 25th we received a tele- gram from Dr. McClure, who had escaped with his party to Chi-nan-fu having been stopped by the Pang-chwang missionaries in time to prevent their running into the death-trap before thenf. This telegram safd: "Powerl TeZ T'^'^r'"'' "'■^'^ '" ^°''^'^^" leave; come im- mediately to Chi-nan; steam, r waiting." This, added to ^uZ .T^'u'' '^^'^' "^ ^° ''^''- ^^ >^-e com? pelled to take the southern route. On June 27th the Chu- wang friends left their station and came to Shang te They left not a day t6o soon. The night before had been spent by them in a Chinese home that was kindly thrown ofThe her- J'' -T' '^' ''''''' ^^^"" '^ '-^ -- of the houses that night, and next morning, a couple of hours after they left their houses, dispen^ries, hc^pita buildings and chapel were being torn down. We lef Chang-te with ten carts early next morning. June 28th having been provided with a good escort. On July si we reached the Yellow River, and there jofned the mem bers of our third station, Hsin^hen. They were t'r^vd- .ng with Messrs. Jameson. Reid and Fisher, of the Pe- king Syndicate, who had a good escort. I 1 rUGUT OF UlSSIONAKIES. 135 On Saturday, J„Iy 7,h, we reached a region which wemed to be very much disturbed. Our escor! had pad r WtTa 'hi,'""" "" ^" ■"" """' " »"• "^ C •on felt that his escort was not sufficim, ,„ protect both part.es so he decided to leave our party a'H^lue whtle he pressed on 30 li to Nan-yang-tu to ask "o an ^l^Z "' ""''■ '" "" °"" ^"y- We had scarcely got settled m our ,nn at Hsin-tien when the mayor of the iunLT' '" "'•'"' ""•' "' """ " Kans of about one hundred were gomg to attack and rob us. He advised us .0 buy them off with a few tens of silver, but wc re- fused, for «^ felt that this would not insur; us a«il caded our mn doors with carts, etc., and prepared to de- fnd ourselves as best we could, meanwhile Jld ng word of the threat to Mr. Jameson. The night passed without cle r^ "Tl"- ^'^'" 8 °'"«'' "«t morning word came from Mr. Jameson that the official would neUher Z.^:i "\^^' ''™ "" "^ »" «™«- We must a g« through as best we could. ^ We left the inn at Hsiu-tien at about 8.30 a. m i'he streets were packed with people, and over the cTty ^u hung hundreds of spectators upon the wall. ThTcrfTvd outside the gate has been estimated at .0,000. But these were not the fiends, except that now we think thev Tit a fiendish delight in watching us pass on .0 whl^ 'C fought was our doom. Outside of this crowd we were wa?Twe"rfd''r'"""^ """ ^"'""^ -"' -"- * .^nn,rr-T f . " "P°" "' * !«■•'«' hailstorm of stones, bracks, clubs, etc., etc. The carters whipped up the animals and made a mad dash to get through b«, Z mob shot and slashed and pounded Ihe mucfli^ ,.; .y^iimrt ^*^":3m,<' ' -^":*J^«' 126 CHINA AND THE BOXERS were killed or disabled, and thus brought us to a stand- still. My cart was wedged in among four or five others. My first glance about me told me that the fearful fight was on. The swords and spears and clubs were now turned, not against the mules, but against the mission-^ aries. In front of me Mr. Griffith was sitting in his cart, the blood streaming from his forehead and hands. The second stone thrown at him had smashed his revolver in pieces. A sweep with a sword had been aimed at his head, but his hat prevented it making a very deep gash He sprang from his cart, and, seizing a club that lay near, defended himself against the brute who was attack- ing him. On my right Mr. Mackenzie was valiantly de- fending :^s wife and little son, while his upper garments were literally saturated with his own blood. On the left was Mr. Goforth, being; beaten over the head with clubs any blow from which was enough to kill him had he not been able to ward them off to some extent. When I glanced toward him again the blood was streaming from an ugly sword gash in the back of his head and from a cut in his left arm. The ladies and children had been ordered from the carts, and stood in different places, while the stones and bricks flew about them in all direc- tions. I did not see Dr. Leslie attacked. I am thankful 1 did not see that awful hacking. Well all this and far more (for I haven't said anything about the soldiers, who fough^ so noblv for us and who were slashed and stabbed and trampled under their horses feet right before my eyes) passed before me in far less time than it takes to tell it. Stones hurled in at the front of my cart told me that it was time to leave it T got down and seized a rock and thought that with this I would try to keep the fiends at a safe distance. In a FUOHT OF MISSIONARIES. 137 !!'LT'"'"" *!'T '^"" * '"" '■" *« fisht. All seemed Z^aZ^ "nV^ '°°""«^' '""P' *e brute who had at- sttral timef ""^ ^"^ al«> attacked Mr. Mackenzie Ht still stood and threatened to kill us, while he swung h.s sword about his head in the f ..„t fashion possible thret ,„>.'' u f«-"' ■ '^"""^ '" • M'- Griffith threw to h.m, snatched it a^ a r^v-nous wolf would non'tayed^'s"' "7* '° "'^ ^°'"'»"-» '" - «h ■t contained. Some of our number had already escaned from the scene of conflict, and we who were left S advantage of the lull, gathered ourselves togetheMnto f httle company and began to walk slowly away. We were tw,ce surrounded by men with swords and daggers"nd cornpelled to give up our watches, rings, etc. T^y ^^ took parts of our clothing, leaving „f terely enourS cover ourselves^ It was an hour or so before rtew that every member of the party had got away alive m7 wet"takr ^"'t '"'Z'l ^°'""^' «' -" ^''^ TrS or d" r ' r **°'«'"™'<'^" family a"d kindly cared for Dr. Leslie was very seriously wounded Mr drlrild T °' "' ^'""'" '"'""» »"<" five chil- tTmel Af?I: h t'!, '' ^'" ^'^"^ '"''v« °^ fift«n and Mrs. Leslie were away from the carts altogether a them X"dl?""' '"l"" ='^'"' ""<• "-" "»« ■''"^d ^m the l,st bullet he had into t'h': fitud-stc^t'dtt h.m away. Just a. this stage my "boy" whipped out ^ 128 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. of the carts, picked up one of the ladies and one of the children and Dr. and Mrs. Leslie, and thus they escaped after having passed through the ordeal of being searched m the way we had been. When we overtook the cart the doctor had lost so much blood that he could scarcely speak. One of the ladies tore her underskirt into band- ages and Dr. Dow hastened to bind up his wounds The carter took him on for five or six li and then declared he would go no farther. We had to carry the doctor into a small guard-house by the roadside and lay him on some straw mats. There we were, with no food, no "cash " and no means of going forward. ' Toward evening a military official from Nan-yang-fu and twenty or thirty horse-soldiers came along, and we hoped they would help us. Word had been sent to the officials of the robbery, and these soldiers had been sent out to look into the matter. Shortly after they reached us our carts unexpectedly came along, and we got on them, expecting that the soldiers would escort us into the city as our only hope of getting money. But instead of escorting us, they deliberately rode off and left us to get along as best we could. The crowd from the city came out for half a mile or more to meet us, and as we passed on It gathered fiends as a flood gathers debris. We man- aged to get into an inn, but we weren't the only ones who got in Officials were sent for, but would do nothing to keep the crowds out. They ordered us to leave at once We demanded (we could afford to talk strongly_it was a case of desperation) food and money and protection. They brought us food and nineteen tiao (about $io), and promised an escort of twenty norses and forty foot-sol- thers and said we must go at once. We refused to move until the escort should appear; we waited in vain, at least ^mfi^^imi''' FLIGHT OF MISSIONABIES. ,3- « far as that number of soldiers was concerned. At last ™t-°K.'™i'^':"'"""' »PP^«* ""O « it was after m.dmght, and things were black, we concluded we h*l better start. The peop- told us we would not Z MoZ to get out ahve. The soldiers and officials y,ZtTl«„<.M \i and „«ct day, although .housed of p^^SLTtr' roads, neither man nor boy dared op^'m'::^ aS t 130 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. SO well did those soldiers do their work. We reached Fan-chfng that evening, Tuesday, July loth, about 8 o'clock, just fourteen days from the time the start was made. The members of the Peking Syndicate supplied us liberally with silver, and they and the Hsin-chen friends gave us what clothing they could spare. There was a real "community of goods" for the remainder of the trip. Both parties boarded the houseboats shortly after mid- night, and were escorted down the Han River by two Chinese gunboats, provided by Chang Chih-tung. We reached Hankow in about ten days, having been towed for the last 300 li by a steam launch sent out by the con- suls at Hankow. The flight had been hard, but its lessons for us were not a few. We were shown how helpless we are and what a mighty God is ours. We understand more fully then we ever before understood the greatness of that greatest of all the great needs— the need of giving the Gospel of Jesus Christ to the heathen, especially the Chinese heathen. ARE THE MISSIONARIES RESPONSIBLE? Chapter XIII. sionaries. both mTZ wltrCe Z^ "f*.*' "■■■^- afflictions of the last tw^ ml/i *"'' '"'''"■'<' 'he It has been we„ said IbTt r XTp-L^-^ t'"""^!'- being rewritten in China Hebrews is .ion thu?'""Sr^" •''" "'^ ^'"' *--« 'he <,„es- ent crisis ? Ye" and no" If T 'T"'""' '°' *' P« ' books on histo y astronoJ; f"^ ^°°^ '■■'"""■«. -ra.s ana reH^^n rr;7;brfXt:'.H''?7''^' the Emperor and othersf and caused ti" , '""'' °' -books and Hterature fV f,l , ^ '■'^°"" «<"rts preaching was to t„™ su.h "'^ °' "''"■<^''' '*« P»<"'s down.. tL 'he^'sratirr^^j, ,f r '-r can scarcely see how they are to S""""' '^°''^ ^' ^ The bhnd objections to missionaries being made f! 132 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. I ' I : i: I by some writers just now exhibit z want of thought and discrimination. Not a missionary myself, I, from the purely commercial standpoint, appreciate their devoted la- bors, their moral example and influence. The great ma- jority of the Protestant missionaries wisely have refrained from assuming or desiring any official status, and in doing so have avoided making themselves stumbling blocks to the non-Christian natives, as the Roman Catholics have done. "But the foreign resident who now rushes into print demanding that missionary labors cease in China is want- ing in the exercise of common sense. The missionary, with good reason, might retort that all commercial men and civilian foreigners should be deported, because the lives of a number of them in the treaty ports are an out- rage on all the best ideas of the natives and a libel on Western civilization. In the Boxer placards it has been said that 'foreign men disregard all the human obliga- tions and their women commit adultery.' Now, in no in- stance can this be asserted of the missionaries in China, but, unfortunately, it does hold true of a certain minority among the foreign residents. Instead of clamoring for the expulsion of all foreign residents because of the sins of the few, the missionaries are level-headed enough to see that what is needed is not expulsion, b«it decided pro- test by all those foreigners who desire the higher stand- ards of their respective nations to be emphasized in this land. The protest should be made privately and publicly, both in and out of the press, so that the natives around us can plainly see that foreign public opinion does not for a moment condone what its highest ideals distinctly condemn. The man or woman of foreign birth who lives 'WM^i^^r'w, "mm?^:^^!^'' ^'m i i ■,ai-T'w»>'-'r,.A-<"»" M4 fclllNA AND THE BOXERS. i an immoral life, the foreigner who ill-treats a coolie as he would not dare for an instant to treat a common cabman ; the Westerner, be he an ordinary private individual or a city father, who encourages, establishes or patronizes lot- teries; in fact, any among the foreign communities in China who any way lower the standard of life they have in the home lands been taught to respect and aim at, do more to prepare the way for corrupt officials, bent on stirring up the ignorant people of China, than all the mis- ' takes of all the missionaries put together. The writer is well aware that among ce tain conceited, sick-brained circles it is fashionable to deride the methods, objects and personal characters of missionaries ; and while not claim- ing for them absolute perfection, nor asserting that the> are free altogether of minor errors, it is certain that, tak- ing them in a body, the percentage of those among them that are actuated by selfish motives is minute. The num- ber among them who fail to give an example of pure morality in their stations in the interior and elsewhere is less than the proportion of similar failures among the es- tablished clergy of home lands. "Even the Consular services owe to missionary work- ers in the past, as also to several who are still among us. But when consideration is carefully given to the fact that all over the interior, in places where the foreigner is otherwise unknown, he is first introduced m the person of a missionary, who lives quietly a moral life, so that all his immediate neighbors, on close acquaintance, acquire a favorable knowledge of an individual foreigner, and from that particular knowledge argue favorably in general of foreigners. "All over the empire, again and again, in times of ARE MISSJONARIRS RESPONSini.E.'' 13c trouble and riot, the immediate acquaintances of the mis- sionaries. as well as the converts, have stood by their for- eign teachers at the peril of their own lives, proving con- clusively the good opinions won by the example of their lives and teachings. All through the horrid riots of 1891-2 the native converts remained faithful, not only to tht r missionary pastors (laying down, in some instances, their own lives to save the foreigner's), but also were stanch to their faith, in spite of all tortures and persecu- tions, too horrible to relate i., detail. Such centres of en- lightenment as to what fofctg lers are and have to give the Chinese open up the ountry ready for trade, and again and again can the demand for foreign goods be traced directly to the influence of missionaries in the mtenor. "If trade follows the flag, it is because the flag is usu- ally made known by a good introduction on the part of missionaries. Withdraw your missionaries and send into the mtenor your young, rowdy man, with his 'sleeping dictionary concubines, his drunkenness and bullying con- duct, and see how much worse your trade and reputation wdl soon be. It is high time that we dropped all mad talk about missionaries, and instead of trying to make scape- goats of any one section of foreign residents, while en- deavoring to reform all thos evils that prejudice us in the eyes of the natives, show that we know that behind all anti-foreign agitation is the Peking Government, as chief instigator and oflFender. The day will never come when missionaries are withdrawn from China, but if it did the writer, as a commercial man, would venture to prophesy ^h certainty, tiae early ruin of foreign trade wi?h^hina: The criticism of their objects comes ill from men whose aM^ ^yvr'^atfr 'TiBf ■■?«.' •■^- 136 CHINA AND THE DOXEAS. IH whole fjcritagc of worth is the main result of similar prop- aganda in their own native lands in the past. At the foundation of much ill-natured, ignorant criticism of mis- sionaries, and the real cause of the lying reports that are spread abroad, is an uncomfortable feeling, resulting from the critics often living in a manner that would, if known, shut them out from their own parental roof. Where mis- sionaries live in the interior, away from all foreign civil- ians or officials, there are no houses of ill-fame kept for or by foreigners. In such places there are no lott ries licensed by and supported by foreigners. There no na- tives are cuffed and kicked, for there are no rowdy for- eign 'drunks' to drag their nation's character in the mire. Ninety per cent, of the foreigners who glibly calumniate the missionaries have absolutely no real knowledge of the subject on which' they air their gaseous opinions. Few of them have ever visited a mission station or seen a na- tive convert. If they had, the writer can testify that often the native convert's character an""d He recognized that what his country most required was an honest administration, yet about his Court there were few on whom he could depend of lu r' r*'^ ^f ^ ^' ^^ ^"^ "^P°^^^ *he weakness wh^h rr^.: '""^ '°^''^ '^' ^^"^^^^^ «f *he foul blot whKA that unhappy contest had exposed the young mon- arch devoted all his energies. He ^w, as every sen7we man has seen, that Japan owed her remarkable Tucces to the mamier in which she had assimilated the warlike el^ 142 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. sons of the West, and that if China wished to emerge from her slough of despond she must adopt like meas- ures. He was statesman enough to comprehend that it was not in the mere imitation of foreign forms and prac- tices that Japan had been able to raise herself from in- significance to a position but little behind the first-class Powers, but that her real success lay in the careful manner in which she had studied and applied the springs of great- ness. What Japan had done China, he argued with him- self, could do; and to this end he devoted all his ener- gies. To get rid of the ignoble crowd he saw was the first necessity, but it was equally necessary to surround himself with honest and capable men. The events succeeding the coup d'etat disclosed the men whom he had made his choice, and, compared with the crowd that surround the intruding ex-Regent, they are as light to darkness. Men like Kang and Chang may not have had the capacity or the knowledge to grasp the more complicated problems of State, but they were at least honest and earnest men— and honest and earnest men are just the want of the country, which has grown weary of the shifting and shallow opportunism of political jugglers. Unfortunately, Kwang Hsu worked without his host. He was too honest and earnest a man to believe that hu- man nature could sink to the depths it had done in the instance of the woman who had just laid down the Re- gency after years of failure and misgovernment. For himself he bore no ill-will to the arch fiend who had blasted his life, but who had now, nominally at least, re- tired from the charge she had disgraced. But the woman who was to be superseded for her crimes recognized no THE FUTURE OUTLOOK. iquities falling at last m!>n T »"" ' "'™' ''•" *<» ••» '"" and confined Wm to aSr '"'' '"'"'' *« ^^P^'" the «ins of the gl™:r. ~'" "' '"'"""' ""-" bI; GriTefrpeltT'r, '"*'^-"- "^ «- •hrone of Ch~ s^r f^lTh! T' '^ ""'' "' do so than she tumedan.hr * '" * '"'""'o" *» even she was caSinst Enirn'"''- """ "'^ "'"''• the Boxers agaf'nst the^^^S^Vr'' "f"^ """ and death that have folCed ""^ *' '"''">■ the solution tolsata,;p„^Pr'°°7''?er. what is opinion of all missionaries -"di I -^ •' '^°" ''"™^«' ■nen in China is thaTtie E™i i""'^ °' '" '»'»'"e« his throne and then sn'roun^r" • u°"''' ^ "''"'d to party and those7ho ITsho ""*.""" °'*« «fo™ and wisdom. '^'^ """^ » 'P'"' of progression -u: :":ore::^;::f „t thir- r. "- -*«- - vassal to the world This h«\l' "*"^ "^'' Ch'" a totime,andbelowwe^veada^rw°*'A'' ''•°"' "■">« of Peking, to the Londfn W^Ih/T °': """'son, '900. It is as follows ' *' '*'"* °' ^'=- ^oth, andl'nt-dtlfar'r t^a-'"''' '° ^'''-' -'«- and also to Chmese who have suffered 144 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. injury on account of their employment by foreigners. China will adopt financial measures acceptable to the Powers to guarantee the payment of indemnity and the service loans." The Times correspondent says the note contains the following stipulations, in addition to those already cabled: "Reparation to Japan for the murder of Sugiyama. "Expiatory monuments erected in all foreign ceme- teries where tombs have been desecrated. "The posting of a proclamation throughout the empire for two years, enumerating the punishments inflicted upon the guilty officials^ and threatening death to any one join- ing an anti-foreign society. "An imperial edict to be issued, holding Viceroys and Governors responsible for anti-foreign outbreaks or vio- lations of treaties. "China to undertake negotiations for a revision of the commercial treaties.** Dr. Morrison goes on to say that in the discussion of the translation of the word "comply" in the British pro- posal not to remove the troops until the demands should be satisfied, one Minister suggested "accepter." The German Minister wanted "relimplir." Finally it was agreed to use the expression "se conformer d." The original note, as given below, was far too severe, and could not possibly have been accepted : "Article i. An extraordinary mission, headed by an Impenal Prince, shall be sent to Berlin in order to ex- press the regret of the Emperor of China and of the Chinese Government for the murder of Baron Von Ket- teler. On the scene of the murder a monument worthy of the assassinated Minister shall be erected, with an in- i'^.«TW THE FUTURE OUTLOOK. 143 scription in Latin, German and Chinese, expressing the regret of the Emperor of China. "Article 2. (a) The death penalty is to be inflicted on Princes Tuan and Chuang, upon Duke Lan, and, further, upon Ying-nien, Kang-yi, Chiao-Shu-Chioa, Tung-fuh- COUNT VON WALDERSEE. be •Siang, Yu-Hsien and other ringleaders, who will named by the representatives of the Powers. "(b) In all places where foreigfners have been killev or maltreated official examinations shall be suspended for five years. "Article 3. The Chinese Government shall erect a monument in every foreign or international cemetery which has been desecrated or where the graves have beeq destroyed. 146 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. "Article 4. The prohibition of the import of arms into China shall be maintained till further notice. "Article 5. China has to pay a just indemnity to Governments, corporations and individuals, as well as to those Chinese who suflFered in the recent events in person or in property in consequence of being in the service of foreigners. "Article 6. Every single foreign Power is granted the right of maintaining a permanent legation guard and of placing the quarter of Peking where the legations are situated in a state of defense. Chinese are not to be al- lowed to live in that quarter of Peking. "Article 7. The Taku forts and those forts which might prevent free communication between Pekin and the sea shall be razed. "Article 8. The Powers acquire the right of occupy- ing certain points, on \vhich they will agree among them- selves, with the object of maintaining free communica- tion between the capital and the sea. "Article 9. The Chinese Government is bound to post Imperial decrees for two years at all sub-prefectures. In these decrees (a) to belong to any anti-foreign sect is forever forbidden, under penalty of death ; (b) the pun- ishments inflicted upon the guilty are recorded; (c) to prevent fresh disturbances, it is declared that the Vice- roys, as well as the provincial and local authorities, are made responsible for the maintenance of order in their districts. In the event of fresh anti-foreign disturbances or other infringements of the treaties which are not at once stopped and avenged by punishment of the guilty, these officials shall be promptly deposed and never agaii. intrusted with official functions or invested with fresh dignities. THE FUTURE OUTLOOK. t^-t en.'et'^±'°«^?'f. °""'* Government undertake u> foreign GoveLen" d^r .o^K^bT^r "„*' .o:r;.^'cHife;^^^-^reT„ir ^ ^""<' menial for the receotion oJ^i, ? *^^ "^"""^ "»"«■ learn in fhL^ , ^ Government officials. We shall great emp,re, and profoundly affect the history of Z Shan he ere^::: srscetTturstUorr- a^d^rgt ;rei?:rofr ?■ ^-^ ^'"- "' ^^^ I4S CHINA AND THE BOXERS. between Powers upon a footing of equality would pre- scribe a formal salute to the flag of the offended nation. But, as we shall see, the note is very far from treating China as an equal of the Powers. In the original draft of the note it was further provided that the death penalty should be inflicted upon Princes Tuan and Chuang, Duke Lan, Ying-Nien, Kang-Yi, Chiao-Shu-Chiao, Tung-fuh- Siang, Yu-Hsien, 'and other ringleaders, whose names will be given by the representatives of the Powers.' After this major demand the requirement that China shall pay a just indemnity to Governments, corporations and indi- viduals, and erect monuments in foreign cemeteries which have been desecrated, may be passed over as of subor- dinate interest. But it is now ui.Jerstood that 'severe punishment' has been substituted for the death penalty. "Guarantees of future security are exacted by pro- visions of the note demanding that the importation of arms into China shall be prohibited until further notice; that each Power may maintain a permanent legation guard in Peking and place in a state of defense the quarter where the legations are situated; that the Taku forts and all others commanding the approach to Peking from the sea shall be razed; that the Powers shall have the right to occupy points a^ieed upon among themselves for the purpose of keeping open communication to the capital; that in all sub-prefectures the Imperial Govern- ment shall for two years post decrees proclaiming the penalty of death against all who belong to any anti-for- eign scx:ieties, recording the punishments inflicted for vio- lations of that decree, and making Viceroys and provin- cial and local authorities responsible for public order, under penalty of degradation for life; that the Chinese Government shall enter into negotiations for the amend- KARL LI -THE STATESMAN. f t. THE FUTURE OUTLOOK. 151 ment of commercial treaties, and that the Ck)vernmcnt shall be bcuiMj to reform, in a manner determined by the Powers, the Isung-Li Yamcn, or Foreign Office, and the Court ceremonial for the reception of foreign Min- isters. "China ceases to be a sovereign nation the moment she assents in principle or detail to these demands. It is evi-' dent that a Power that permits other Powers to step in and prescribe her internal laws is no longer sovereign, independent and equal with the rest. She has become subordinate, she is controlled from without. Under the present Manchu dynasty of Ta-tsing (sublime purity) the laws of the empire are contained in the Ta-tsing Huei-tien, or code of the dynasty, and the administration of public affairs is committed to the Interior Council, under whose orders the seven boards of Government act, corresponding to our departments at Washington. The laws and customs to be observed by the people are en- forced by the Li-Pu board. "We may suppose that the subjects of the Emperor arc reasonably contented with the liberties they enjoy under this system. It is sufficiently manifest that one of their privileges in the past has been membership in anti-for- eign societies. Now come the Powers with their col- lective note demanding that they shall be permitted to amend the municipal law of China in such a way that the exercise of former privileges shall be made a crime punishable with death. China manifestly abrogates her sovereignty in permitting the limits of the privileges of her subjects to be traced by foreigners, and it is further evident that neither she nor all the Powers together would have the ability to enforce the decree save at absolutely r <5» CHINA AND THE BOXrRJ. prohibMory cost. In the text of the coll«,ive note a. ZtS " *'! F"""' ^■"" 8..'Iow Ia« ,«onth. th de mand, were declared to be irrevocable. It i, „ow „- ^rted that thi, word has been stricken out-thaH* tl^e S t' T"- '° '"'™"'°" ■«'"«" "-e rowers and China. In the interest of peace and the taxpayer, „po„ whom fall, the ultimate burden of attempting to enforee «i. unenforcible. it i, fortunate that the vfew, of ,™ Minister, are made subject to revision. in ,h.' i^! "■"! i'™' ■' " P'"™ "■»' » momentous event m the historical development of the nation, of the wor"d « prepanng to be accomplished. The overthrow oTthe Manchu dyna,ty and the restoration of pure Chinese W ernment might «ve the empire and make the loss of sovereignty a temporary misfortune. This is improteble The Chinese are doubtless about to lose the right of the ree hand ,n regulating their internal and external af of a vast and undeveloped empire in this age of active public conquest and private exploiution, when the dron ! estate, by the busy and eager workers, decay will be ar- ;rdl"°- I" '" "" '"'"" ^y ''ismemierme^t, par^io" natlw'' '""' ''°'"™''" °' '"^ """ °f «he ^^ suc^^^lrZ' ^IV." """ "" '•"«">"»"»' question of such moment been before the whole world, and it will need cool heads to keep this caldron from bo ling over a, jealousy and greed i, lurking around. Chin! hersel needs a strong man, who will command respect from the could be brought out of this chaos and anarchy. ZSSm 'i-.-flEfL v--v^=-Tin'--'^-^?swr^ THE rVTVKK OUTt.nnK. '5.1 •bout h. ,«„„ p, ahcrt. The conservative China fc,, ZC 8°"« 'o^-cr. If ,h. Emperor i, rei„s,„«l or col U™," ,1'' reco„s,r„c.cd Chin,. A„ her mat.riM conditions will be < hanRccI for the better. She will rise m the «ale of n,tionho«I: her foreign relaLns " fmmen! r,?' "T ''"""" »''"""-'-^ "be I ... mmensely above the level where they are no>v. .NTew soil " "'"•»■" "-o-dTfully rich. OKI people, once emanc ADMIRAL SEYMOUR. t pated from old ideas, will grow new ideas with an ex- to""^:'"^"""'- '"'" J^P-''« "- - illustration of «^is. The Chmese, once started in the same way will ^■■?WI»KiiifF-i..- '54 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. It must be remembered that her natural resources have hardly been touched. Her immense coal fields and min- erals of every kind await developing. Her forests will need the rotary saw instead of the slow hand saw; for as yet she has no other. Her harvests will demand the Western harvester and threshing machine, instead of the tedious hand work of to-day. And so in every industry there will be demands for all the latest and best ma- chmery. Railways also will be needed to hasten travel and carry the produce to the markets. The great steam- ship hnes are waking up to see the possibility of China's commg greatness, and have already in course of construe- tion the largest ships in the world to carry the freight which is sure to come to and from China. Not only will there be a new material China, but there will also be a regenerated China. A purely materialistic Cuma, well equipped ironclads and Mauser rifles, and no ascendancy of moral force, would be a curse to herself and a menace to mankirtd. God has something far better m store for humanity. By a regenerate China is not meant that all China will be converted ; far from it as yet • but it is meant that Christianity will soon move with gi- gantic strides. ^ Drawbacks and checks there will be, but, allowing for them a\\, after taking into account the nature of the Chinese people, once emancipated from their slavish al- legiance to their literary class, considering that they have no Indian caste to keep them back, counting as we do on the mighty power of God to be provident in the last days now just ahead of us, we arc safe in assuming that there will be such ingatherings as the world has never seen. We had a little forerunner of this two years ago, when i ^rM THE EMPRESS DOWAGER. (From a recent photograph.) i 156 CHINA AND THE BOXERS. tlic famous reform c' and officials became less and less, until the Emperor was dethroned, and then the cloud settled down once more The foreigner's power has been felt, and will in the fu- ture be respected. This, in turn, will have the eflFect of causmg the Chinese to respect the foreigner and his teaching, and we feel sure missionaries will not need to work so hard to get people into the Church as to keep them out ; for the Chinaman, like the Westerner, desires to be connected with those who are in high favor Teachers in English will be in demand everywhere, as the English language is the preferred one by the Chinese The editor of the Educational Department in the Chi-^ nese Recorder wisely calls the attention of the educa- tionists to the necessity of improving the present time to prepare for what must inevitably follow when peace has been declared. "There is little question but that we shall see such a demand for English and education in modem studies and on modem lines as will quite overwhelm the missionary body. We were almost wholly unprepared, when the Emperor's reform decrees were issued, for the results which followed. And now that reform, in earnest, will doubtless be the cry when matters have again settled down, what a pressure will be brought upon the mission- ary body, not alone for direct evangelistic work, but es- pecially for help in founding schools and conducting edu- cational institutions. Well may every missionary ask himself. What can I do in the present crisis to prepare for the great reactionary wave of progress and reform which is sure to set in?** THE FUTURE OUTLOOK. 157 The missionaries who have retired for a time will go back refreshed in body and spirit, and, therefore, prepared for the great work which will be crowded upon them. New churches and homes will have to be built to take the place oi chose destroyed, and the friends, therefore, at home will have to stand behind their respective boards, both in prayer and financial aid, to help tide over this time of severe strain. The promise of Isaiah that they shall come from the land of Sinim (China) will surely come true, for God's word cannot fail. Weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning. The light is breaking over. China to-day. God's servants should not be slow in claiming all the land. The doors of iron and brass are now creaking on their rusty hinges, and the missionary must not be discouraged, but en- ter in. Thus w^ may conclude that in the events in China our Father is making "All things work together for good to them that love God." We may have to take this by faith for a time for as far as the outward vision now is all looks dark. The final joint note has been delivered and has gone to the peace envoys, Ching and Li. The inser- tion of the v.ord "irrevocable" makes the note, not a basis of discussion, but an ultimatum. The nations are making the attempt to coerce China into the acceptance of the terms which she should not be asked to accept. An easier way could have been found and the ringleaders amply punished if the nations had so desired ; but now it looks as though they have added fuel to the fire. Let every Giristian worker pray much that this black cloud hanging over China may soon lift and that peace iS« CHINA AND THE BOXERS. learned to tove ' "'"' '"'' '""«°^"<^ have « -FINIS- U- i ^mvf^mmKm'mrvm'mmiK^^fm. c»,r^Tr.i^,r -rrziv-^r:.!.*'- ■ iJ^JM S-'^s^ "■■?"