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Las diagranmaa suivants illuatrant la m« rhoda. ht jH Iv LETTER To the Right Honourable The LORD MAYORj The Worfliipfnl ALDERMEN, and c o M M o ^^c o u n c i l • 095914 THE Merchants, Citize Ns, and Inhabitan T«, OF T il E CITY of LONDON. From an OLD SERVANT. The SECOND EDITION, H3 Vox Populi, Vex Dei. LONDON: i'.:ntcd for W. V:u>M., nt tl.e Papcr-M.!', in St Puui' Chuich-VaiJ. r\JDCCI.XlJ. -* l-'s iiv^ • I E T E R T O T H E Right Honourable the Lord MayOx^, &^c. Mv Lord ' '^•Z'^'^Pt '0 bt,bble our mP- ^:::i«voi"^y':,;i^!'X;'T"'''"' D ' / '/«r' •'"^•d'.v anu tOMauiicK, mani- t 5 ) Ms a Spirit that of itfdf refleas great Honour uB- on the Ambaffador, though he fhould return to his own Court re infctfa. But, my Lord and Sir., \i Nivsrnois, contrary to ^.e reafonable Expedations of his Countrymen, fiiould return to France, with the certain Means in his 1 ocket, of recovering To ample a .share of her •late Commerce, as will turn the Ballance fo much in her ta^our as wiH er.bJe h.- to reimburfe her fquandered Wealth, retrieve her Bankrupt Credit, TZ Z '''.fj-^^^^ ^nd fit out formidable //.«, WThout fpilling a Drop more of Frl:ck Blood, be able to unravel and undo moft, or fo much of thofe glo.iors and unparalleiled Services Mr. P/V/'has done his Country ; effected, by tlie Effufiun of Oceans of ^.,/;//, Blood, and the Expence of up- Varosot 100,000 000/. of Treafur.r, ouring the hil and the preient War ; as mil of Cuu,i;. dfavv after hem all the Reft of the noble Acqu.litions and .lo- nous Conqiiefts of th, Brinjk Arms ; planned by the unequalled Genius of that true Patriot and uncommt .rom the Cabinet, every honeft Bnton juilly laments (and, If the Nezc^s Papers tell Truth, of the Pe^ce in Agitation) our lateft Polterity will rue. I fay then if ;V;z;.r«.;. fhould return to France, Mth fuch^a rich Prefcnt ,n his Pocket for his Maft.r and Fellow- Subjeds ; what Honour, what Glory, will not at- tend his Ernbafly ? With what exceffi^e Love, with what exqu.fite Delight, with what extatic Joy and extravagant Tranfports w.ii h,s defpairing, dif/rac-d and undone Pnncj and Fdlow-Subjedsrrecervc and behold, this pae^Jl, Deliverer of his Country ; who .thout formKla^.le Fleets and Armies, only w rh the Brcarh of h.s Mourh, Ihall have d.ilinated hke a Bubble floating upon Water, all th. .mnv-nfe Ad- vantages of our Patriot^ Minifter's wile and glorious ^ ^ Admi- i } ^ ' I ) Ad mini (1 ration— nnd (1 * of mighty Battles fought in v.. I ,-//., Ih- Vi\ u<. J riV'tce tc V), \'^\in j'l a/ifS or i\ leu A\- rue of )C m:tch BIccu and Treajure?** How ■ceti (>r Pnris ling, and every Village of loud AccLunations and reiterated n, rii..c wlih lb much Facility fhall iVid Iw -ins F^//f(f our of onr Hands, and witii the ct ['r!U.in biri a loUd Foundadon of his Coun- tiv's avi.'ie i^r;;r;c:i'-y ? W-l! not I'uch honourable 'i t';\i.- (u i s or" li'^riuna! Gratitude, be the Reward o; A\-tf ; ,- -f , i.i 'I- laivic Manner, as they lately were or'o'.i- Parrior Mir.i/.rr, ftir the like Services done 1, s C /L;:^;.-y, vrh r i",)c;: co Fr.mcc? :\T.C\ r^ ;.;>, l-:r:b.iir, v\,il be honourable, fo like- \\;iiju v.'-!! Lf laic. l\'r not having ^c/r<^jf^, _but A.:r/ 1:!5 /-V;?; and Cr '/«/>', he Vv'iil be /«/-^zr- /wr;;t',7/rtrj Jusi ICE and Vengeance. I am there- fore inclined t<) think, that this h.ack Catalogue of Preliminaries has been fcnt to the Loyidon Evening- .I'ojK by fome Enemy of ouv great Cn s ; or, if by fome Friend, or with their Privity, that it is "nferted, only to feel liie Pulfc of the People, n order to dif- covcr, how far they would be paffive, under a Scheme pregnant with the worft Mistortunes ttiat can betal a Isatic-n ; in Hopes, that when they fee a ^'chem.e, whereby lefs is to be given up, and the con- l^quent Ruin wiil be more obfcureei from Sight and flower in its Approach, though not lefs certain, they may in a Fit of Joy, for their miaginary Efcape from the more vifibie, e.-eriy embrace' the inviilble Dan- ger : or that .Stonuehs nauR-atin<^^ a large Potion, mjy be prevaiiccl or. lo t.-ke down a fmall Vial, withwHi'thinkui- t',e irr^Xi^i Jole may be compound- ed Lhong enou-h ;i) kwi, as well as the large one j and, by the - kill of t!.e Arrifl, the Poifon may be contrivui tu oj;eta:e wuli Gow, and yet fure Degrees. 1 hiis, i.m' Loi-vi anc; Sirs, wlietaei the Preliminaries re,w la .'\i;itation, are only for the Reftitudon of ikre-:, Ciu:^a!o:i;p, and perm. rting the Fr-^;;r., out of the Rutns oi Brnatn , unlefs the P.rnarnent, in Comr . ^on to a betrayed People, iLali preVail ^^ ^^:n;::::^lj:^':t^^ '^^^^ '^ - ^^< ^---. Jedge ,n all B.anches of our PlantatK^fand A r7. Amertcan Trade , an Author of allowed Cred wh it Authority hath never been dena-d or difpu ted t 1 ' -^m h. Me..n and Conjla.rauon.. ^\^ " That it is computed, therein the Qu-]n^ir'• nf about 8o,ooo Eug.^jh Hoo|h,,ds of Su'-^i ' ^^^o Germany, Holland, x\^, Bctuk, S^a^, // ' .u Turkey per Annum, (excl.hve of wl^^/iV'rn.,: ^ into Ho'land and 5>..« fron, the. o w. M :"^" ^1 ping, and 3600 Seamen, ^«/v to brin-- ir inco '■-,-• and amounts in Value to i,ooo,ooo/.^rer,i^;,:; V.^' «^^«, computing at i:A lo.r ;,,, Uu^^^^lH^^^Q and Comnumons included. *" ^ ' -t^ie-sliC AW^, Befides 40,000 Tons of .^nin^vrr ^,d -':oo Seamen employed, m only tne im,.,,-; .^n* o - rope of bo,ooo £;^.V/2; Ho^iheaos of ^.■. ;.- • ! V'" See ^/A/s Mmcirsand Confidcrations, p ,m and I .°'''" C 10 ) llogftieads, amounts c^ncrar Tflands at ill. los. per liog'^—-': Sugar Itlanos per%»um, excluGve of In- to 1,000,000/. Merlin^ ^^^ £5ff. which muft the leveral European Markets before che ^-^--^'T^'^tMo^hV Countries -. u • ;„„ Rrr^l m vaft Numbers ot I c pie. i" by giving Bnau ro vaii Imiiortation of 3600 Scamc. emt^byed m he hrl i \ ^^__ thole Sugars into ^•'''P''.Z\Trhrm to the Euro- ployed in the Rc-exportation ot th.m to tn fj, Markets , uhich may be « "^ ^ -^."^^ /„„ ?11 the feverJ Artificers employed '■ bu Wmg_ fittins out thofe 4°.°°°/j^,„ Son ^wLS lupply the Manufaaurers^almoft of a. Sort . ^,y_ the Seamen and ArflKers, their \^ > Houthold tlrcn, u.h l--^y---' "V^vL^ a urer" " o make Goods, a..d ^^:l')^^~^"f>--' -d man who r. iVs Provmons to leed ..11 ' ^^^^ %'^„^,f,,. ple. Bd-.des they purdiaie - h;l;- M ^^^^ tur^^s as much Cuim, ^s fern^i ,^^,.01/ Stcr- Ihey to be purchaial of F,.ogner ■oo.ooo/ M^^^ U„.rrcrA»mn,; a very &■•"' ^•'""^' ,, „,, M,„u.tac. abuve all ^'-^^.'^n-W'-^^f '.Tj''^ru, coin into turcs, great CHnrft.es "^ /''«^^^, ' ,,,,, ^o A'.:" Specie, idcphants - ' » ^^ J^^^^:,;, ..the i:m.o •v..,'"-, "'^"'^'''.''''T ooJntitiis of their Ma- l'i,„e, of venJ.m; arge (iuanWKS o, .^ Returns in Silver to co.n ^»"" "'^ ^ '' ..,o„i„., that, by Manulafturcs alone, v,it,.out e ^ ^^^^^ % C II ) a Brafs Farthing, they fupply and cultivate their Sugar Iflands and Northern Colonics with Negroes, fave the Price of Gums, and annually encreale in Wealth, by the Importation of Geld Du(t hom Africa, .he Sale of Negroes, ai.d dry Goods in New SpatTiy and the Profits upon 80,000 Hog- sheads of Sugar, valued at Home at 1,000,000/. Sterlingpfr Annum-y bt-rKJes what they giin by Cotton, Ginger, Indigo, and Coffee. So that by Means of their Sugar Iflands and Settlements in Africa having a vaft Demand for Manufaclures, v.h.reby they plentifully maintain their Poor, and wlvivhy they are invited to marry, and Foreigners that cannot Jive at Home, are induced to flock to them, to gain Subfiftance by Labour; in fo much that the Number of People encreafes proportionably with their Wealth. And thus, both external and internal Sirength en- creafing daily, they are enabled to raife gr^at Ar- mies and formidable F'lp.ts. And all th.fe ^^eat Advantages lately (■ xcept a very poor Pittance) were engrofled by Fra c:. Now, my Lord d Sirs, let us alk our r^r.-at Statefmen the following Qiieff ions; ti which Trut'n would did itc tj tlicm tlie annexed Anfwtrs : I 1 .^ I. Wliich, before the War, w^e the Mother Countries of thofe vJu;b!e S;-,ir hl.i:.ds a;ul S -t- tlemeius fiom whence all tnTs ini:i).iile Wealth arifetii ? ,7. Great Brita'n .xw*} France. y^l; .'.. Of the So,ooo Hogflieads £;/i;.7^.' Weight, lu)w many did Grea. II ituiu export to G rmam, UU- Idiidy the liattuk, Sp.ii':. /,•'-, aid Turkey, upon nti jwcr^QCcoffiM.'oii-'Nj /.■'Has, irom i 7 j;; to '1 7 j6 ; a.iJ how n-!.iny from the Y.ar 17^0 to 17^7? -/. According to Mr jj/j/rfs Account fiom the ^ ^'"'" '7jj t^ ^7 <^'> the Exportation is: To ( 12 ) To Germany y and the other Mar- kets oF Europe^ Raw Sugars, Hogfheads —— To Ireland, Ditto To BritiJIi Plantations, Alderney\ Guernfey, Jerfey, Africa, and tlio Eajl Indies, Ditto — - 11 S5ptr Ah. J (joi Ditto 25 Ditto Total of raw Sugars To Germany^ &c. refined Sugars exported from 1729 to 1736, Hogfheads To Ireland jgars T 736. > ^j^ 2 per An, 1118 38 » To Briiijh Plantations, ^c. as above 494 Tot?l of refined Sugars > — - 199 Total of raw and refined Sugars — 6875 From 17 ^6 to 1737 the Demand from G^rw^^y and the other foreign Markets funk greatly, for we export- ed raw Sugars to them only, Hogflieads 258 To Ireland — 3740 To the BritiJJi Plantations, ^f. 80 4078 To German V, ^c. of refined Sugars 168 To Irehwd 5^' To Z)V/7,y/; Plantations, ^r. -- 384-1133 Total of r.iw and refined Sugars 5211 See Memoirs and Confidcratiuns, p. 96 and 97. And thus the Demand for the BriiiJ}: Sugars, be- tween the Years 171.^ and i 719 to 17^6, li.is annu- ally dei lined •, 'till the I'ixportation funk from 1 0,202 t t n Sugar /'rry/«/;:;wl rum i7ijtoi73(^, 105211 Mogl- heads, ( n ) heads, and continued (till finking, till the Exporta- tion fell to little more than half that Number, when Almighty God was r leafed to blefs the national Fleets and Armies in America with aftonifhing Succefs a- gainft our Enemy, in the prefent Wan .^. Who fupplied the foreign Markets with the remaining 74,789 Hogfheads? //. France did before the War, Great Britain fince; for Spain and Holland do not raife Sugars enough for their own Confumption, therefore they cannot fupply any foreign Market. ^ Where does France raife that large Quanrity of Sugars fufficient to ferve all Europe^ over and a- bove her own Confumption ? A. From Martinico, Guadaloupe, MarigaMttte^ and St. Lticia^ and her Fart of Hifpaniola. ^ As we have taken all thefe rich Sugar Plan- tations from France^ except the lafl-, at a very great Hxpence, why will you rtflore to France Places, froni whence Ihe drew fuch immenfe Riches, as en- abled her to reduce youk' nati-ve Country to extrenie Despair and the Brink of Ruin ; and thereby reftore your taithlefs and inveterate Enemy to that tremen- dous Strength and Magnitude, by Sea and Land ; the Confequences of which lately fo much alarmed Great Britain? A. France will not make Peace wiih us if we do not give up all thefe with Goree i without which, flie cannot have Negroes, and many other valuable Branches ol Trade; nor without we give her alfo the Filhery for a Nurlery for Seamen, -.vhom the Sale o\ the Filh caught will pay. .^^. Are you mauccd tamely to furrencler moll of the Advantagjs of the War, becaule you have noc Talents to condud a War ? or b.'caufc yuu think we cannot bear the proiufe Expcnces of a continental War, ulelefs and ruinous loBntain; and that ranee will not let us have a Pe.acc in Gamany^ without C I which ( 14- ) w wliich Il-'^'—r Pare, and n-cal cannot ? lome be faff, if we aft a wife our Troops? Or do both chcleRe^iioni co-operate A. Hum — Hupi --Hum. -v; ^'^' y-^" "^^ know, if you advife your Mailer to make an uniife and dilhonourablc Pbce, tending to ra:ie France ngiin from her prefent lew Condi- ton, to her lat.- dangerous Prolppnry, which had almjil '-wulone Great Britain^ and threatened her and all the States of Europe with Fraich Slavery, under upiiverfal Monarchy •, do you not know, 1 lay, that the lV(-^Ie are in Poifcfnon of an undoubted Right, as aiitienc as the 1' ncrancc of the SaxonSy and con!*iim d a-titih to them at the Hcvolution by the Biii ot Rights, to lay their Grievances before the Throne, nd to petition for Redrefs, and for the Re- n.oval of evil Ctjuncellors ? And do you not know likewiie, ih.r the J'eople have a Right to lay their CTiievar.ces beiorc their Reprefentatives alTembled m Parliament, and pecit'on them to bring Minifters to the B>.. of Jufdce, lor Mifbehaviour in /Adminiftra- tion ; and that the Commons cf Gr^^/ Britain can., in Parliament afienibled, impeach Minifters-, and that it tliey arc pro.ed guilty, the Lords can infl'.ft Puni!hments adequate to their Crimes; and that the two Iloules of a B'iiijJj Parliament can with the Royal Alleiit ;^ii necefjary or expedient) ccvfjcate Ejlaies^ and C'.nlvm to the Scaffold or Gibbet, even by a Law ex pojt fjctof What Reaion then have you to imagine, X.\\aX. all theic will nor cxrrcile their levcral Ri[;hts, and uilciurf.ve the Duties th.. owe the Communiry they arc Members of, whenever the very Exlllence ot their Country is at Stake-, and the Preferva- tion ot it dep nds ui on an Exaciiin ot the jevereji JUSIICK? // Oh XUr \< yurry' Mny! 1 lo ( 15 ; To fuch an Infwer the People would be (I be- lieve) very apt to reply, JUSTICE— JUSTICE- JUSTICE— HEADS and CONFISCATIONS. But, my Lord and Sirs, let us return to our Com- putations, which v^ill evince the Folly and Danger of reftoring any Thing to France, or making any Peace with her ; at leaft, before we have driven, that all devouring wild Beaft, out of every Part of America. We have feen in the preceding Sheets, that the Plantations, Goree, and the Fifhe/y are Sprin^^s, whence dream immenfe national Commerce, Riches, and Strength, both in internal and external ; and that our perfidious, thieving, irreconcilable Enemy hath received the Benefits arifing from them, fupe- rior to Great Britain, in a Degree mofl amazin foreignCoin in favour r of trance ag.tinil\ 1,087, ,5 Great Britain per ^-In-^ • Kum, 1,168,578 l,i( ^,570 The Profit arlfing from Indigo, Ginger, Pimenc Cotton, (~o(]'ce, i^c. mull be in Favour of France p,re.itly, lor thc^lc Keafons: Our Duties upon tLc tl'.e Pi();]u(5ls of our Plantations are txorbitanrlv high-, and I''rtight, Wa[;es, and visual: .i>^ Ships, lo much dearer than they arc in France^ that !li° slu^U ( '7 ) [not only her Sugars, but all the other Produdls of It-aft Cent. ch( her Plantations, 'Great Britain can ; which is the Reafon of our lol- ing the foreign Markets, and of the late dangerous Encreafe of the trench 1 rade, and Growth of her late formidable navjl Power. And thefe Misfortunes if have been entirely owing to our impolitic interfering lin German Quarrels and continental Connections, I which we have been unfortunately drawn into by I a Predilcdion for H****r^ which one might hope I is now at an End ; when we have the Happinefs to I lee a Prince on the Throne, who has afTiired us from ■fit, that his Heart is intirely Britifh. Thefe unnational ?and ruinous Connections with the Continent, from V^htncc Great Britain c?.n reap no Advantage, have Jiiiot only prevented us from dilcharging our Plan- Wiationr dnd ntrthern Colonies of thole h avy Duties, and the Mother Countries of thole heavy Taxes, which has given France the Means of ferving the foreign t Markets 25 per Cent, cheaper than Brilaln can, by paying off the national Debt of 46,000,000/. left by I Queen Anne ; but have encreafed that Load of Dthc %to the monftrous Sum of about 130,000,000'. But to return to the Produfts of the French Plantations of -Indigo, Ginger, i^c. What the exadl Quantity of thefe feveral Produces ■of the PlantatioFis is, or what Value they bear in the Mother Countries-, how much exported to loreiju Markets, and what Prices they fetch there, I am not able to fay. But furely, if weeflimate ihf^m m fo- reign Markets at no more than One-fifth o^ the Sale of the French Sugars, we cannot greatly tir. France fhen wr fee fells her 74.789 Hhds of Sug;ir at torcign Markets for the Amount of £, i.i<'>''^, f-'S ' The fifth Part of which will be about - 233,716 Great c 18 ; Great Britain^ wc will fay, felis the Qiiantity. of the fame Produds in foreign Markets, in the fame Proportion : £> Her Vend of Sugars amounts to — 81,422 The fifth Part of which is about — — 1(3,284 Sale of Indigo, Ginger, t?f. of Great Britain to foreign Markets, amounts to about — 16,284 The Sale of Ditto of France to about — — 2^^,yi6 Total — — I- 250. 000 Upon this 250,000/. Profit to the Mother Coun- tries on Indigo, Ginger, (Jc. how Hands the Balance p Great Britain receives only - - - i By Balance :n favour ) of France, - - . \ 16,284 217,432 France receives 233,716 233,711 233,716 Now let us fee under one View, how the Ballance Hands betv/een Great Britain and France, upon all Produds of the Sugar Plantations. Great Britain Tecewed") £. France received for*) £. for52iiHhdsof Su- ( „ 74789 Hhds of Su- ( ,„ grs, from foreign- f °'''^" gars from foreign ( '''^**'5"^ Markets, J Markets J for Indigo, Ginger, 1 For lndigo,Ginger, dc. 233,716 and other Produds, 5 ' ^ Total - - - Ba!.inceonthcP!an- tations in Favour of France, Total - 97,706 ,588 1,401,294. [ '.304.f North America next prefents itfelftoour Conndera- tion. This Trade, perhaps, hath been our maui Support, under the lalt and prefent French Wars; and ( '9 ) and our various Don SW..,. e-„. Continent, attended w'^!f,-"T"^" "P°n *« travagant SubMes oaW ""?i"'^V P™'"""'- ""^ «=»- n>utal,e PoJiucs'of aS. "uftfU^r^' J"** ?» '•>« only to all the great and r.r r x., '^'V'""^> not Powers of EurZ XntJl^^'f? Ponces and Princes o( GerJL' a^l k' ''V,'\ '»A»'>f«« .hofc „^. Shado^ilthofe f^LT^l'"'?r^^^"') farcical Mimics of potent ,1^^ .«[""''''"''« ^"d «««fi, never f.nce the W-.M a ."J"''" '^"^itorits veyed into the mM iJ, rj V^^^' ^'■^ "^^en coST 'I'ratle Principrilr'"^'?'-''^'' ,°'^^ "" "«""^ '««'!^- Begree, that'^o on^/ '"^Pt'r'o'"*^-' '° » Reign, if in the Richert of H?, r r^""" ^»'"'» . Money, as the Amtt of toj/ Ste^'" ' ""^ "'^ by any Means have htencXfvA " ''"§ «. could one Heap, it i, fcarce a On! '^''' f"^ ^™'«"<^'l into tural to t'he lowerci^fs'^^trr'a^ee' 'i"-'"''. ""' I have drawn from the rem^/.A ,S ^ shows, wou d «» Domain, XlZTl^l ^"""^ °f"«>'«r. /^"r, to behold aN^ ^l°f*'^«^i>C/^ ^ the Eye-fight of thdr S-fofer, """ bleflid thole Day,, thev themfelves rn ,M ' ^"'', «'''''^''' '" to fee again And I fc„ , i "''^ """ liw hoped Guinea ^ay not by the f/ ^"^ ^"'^ "'« ''M'' tUufiiU Wan talked of hTl ""■' "f°" '^^ ">oft ,.ffford as much Wonder ,„/ x' •V'^°"^''y- ="d •Ifland. °" ^"o Tranfport in this ^A^'^:l^^^^^Ji, ^^y- ^^H been, _our»M« Supt,jrt Ko' ? f' "'' ^'"S*^''; •have been fu^l^ortk ei'centT ^^'"" "^''^ «^ >.P-urin«W^^|-;-Wa^,.,^ Jame -i ( -20 ) IsrcTC a Share of them before the War, that if wc went Halves with her, perhaps it was as much as we . did, would hardly have defrayed the ev .bitant Chart^es of the afore-mentioned un-national .vleafures, ' The Eaji India Trad-, of which France had aUo a great Share, we all ffiuft know Would have been in-, fufficient tor the I'urpofe of our Sugar Iflands. /I he above given State of their Produds and Profits clearly demonttrates their total Inability, to have yielded the Icalt Support to their Mother Country. ^tor the Fleets and Armies neceflary to defend her irom the ov5.r-growiTig and menacing Power of France, as well as thofe numerous Land Forces, fent, t^ manure with BritiJJi Blood and mangled Gorpfes, the ftenle Plains of Germany, could not be maintamed, without frefh and plentiful annual Imports of Bullion •, to reimburf^^ the Millions lavifhcd upon the aggrandizing ^f /^***»r, and necejfarily expended in Defence of our commercial Rights in French and German Wars ; pf which the Payfiality of former Mimlltrs towards that E'cdorate, has been the primary and iph Caufe. For how could .-,211 Hoglheads of Sugars, raw and refined, which 'is all our Exportation in 1737, m^ clufive of Irehnd, (and the Exportation funk lower, 1 think, afterwards) poffibly return fufficient Profis, to pay fuch Fleets and Land Armies-, and to reirn- burlf the Nation, for thole exorbitant and unju/ft^akle Sums of Specie, exported to Germany iox the Benefit of II**** r. A 11 the Service theretore our Sugar Phm- taions have lattly been of to the Mother Co^ntry, has been to lave her the Cod of her own Confump- tion i to fupply Ireland, and employ the Poor, as iar as the joint Lonlumption oi Britain and Ireland^Q^M 00, iu encouraging our Manufactures. ^ Had this unhappy Nation been bleficd, fyr this laft t,Q Years, with honejl and -wife Minifters, our Sugar Vlanrations would have been of th^t extcnfrce Profit ( i' ) and Advantage to us, which thofe of France haVe been to her. This InabiUty^ therefore, to fuccour the Mother Country farther than I have obfcrved, is not owing to any Deficiency in the Products of our Plantations, but to a Deficiency in the Abilities and Htnefiy of our M rs J who, for continental Interefts, have neg- lefted to pay off the publick Debt, and take off the heavy Duties upon thofe Prodnds •, thereby enabHng the trench ^who have been very careful fo encourage their Settltrnents) to underfel us in the foreign Mai- kets. And happy, thrice happy is it for us, though our Northern Colonies have not been lefs taxed, nor better treated, than the Sugar Iflands, that France hath not had Time yet to people and cultivate their Northern Colonies, fufficiently to interfere with the Produfts of ours. If they had the Produds of our Northern Colonies, would have gone to Market under the Uke Difad vantages with our Sugars, and nave been of no more Benefit to us in our Diftrefs. /I State of the Prcdu^s of our Northern Colonies, and the Profits of Bullicn and foreign Coin. Virginia and Maryland. Tobacco imported into Great Britain annu- ") £. ooo ooacco importca mro f^rcat brttain annu- T j^ ally upon the Average Hogfheads [975^ 65,000, Value here at 15/. per Hogfliead J Home Confumption about 20,000 Hhds. i- Remainder exported— Hogfheads 45,000 675,000 Advance on the faid at i^^per Cent, 168,750 Total Profit on exported Tobacco 843, 75^^ D 1 CAROLIN^i C 22 > I \ 80000 - Carolina. Mr JJhley, in his Memoirs and Confiderations, afTures us, that Carolina, in a good Ycar,^ will produce 80,000 Barrels of Rice of 4 Cwt. per Barrel ; and upon a Medium of ieven Years, makes 50,000 Barrels per An- num ; that 2000 Barrels are anfumed in Oreat Britain «;;^ Ireland,^. ,8. Rice im- ported into Great Britain, Barrels 50,000 Value Sterling annually to Great Britain 80,000/. as Mr. AJIiley fays this, after menti- oning 48,000 Barrels exported, that 80,000/. i iuppofe, is the Principal and Profit of the 50,000 Barrels j fo will only value it - - > her Ma^nSA' ^''f f'^^^'^ '" ^^e Confumptiof of thef. p" " ^^ ^Y^^'^^^ ^"'" ^'^^ Inhabitants of evy other Kind ot Manufadlures , befides the great fine hei^ RMr °^i^^g^°«- But they do not con- are extAmH.?. ^'^ J T^^^^ ^^°^"^^ ''^PO'-t^d aie extremely uleful, and abfolutely necefTarv both in our Shippm. and Manufactures /fuchaH^; cat? not be without, and muft therefore buy them of other Countries, and chiefly with our Money ^1nce we nrufthave them from Places, that wiStal; tt e No d ';" V" "; '"' °7 ^T^ ' ^' ^^-- -^d ^h; warm c"o ^hi ''-n^^'^' ^^""^'^ ' ^ "^^'^ ^'-^^e warm Cloathing, ^vl]] certainly : ,-he French Marker, where thev c-^n be fiirnin. ^ -^^ tnncn ;i- by Q... ^..i.v^h:i^^;:5; h^ te^ w ^ ^r es '"so t'l^^'f ? r^"u"^" '' ''' ^^^-^-" "- " / dv.r. '^ ''''^' Piovinces were of no other Advantage tlmn employinrr our Pmr m.? A. fh^ n innii c„« • . .< 9 "' ^ ^o*^' '^f^d laving in« n..,onaI Specie, ti. Jc alone would be vcrv great ' '"And /-^ may then fpare he Ja"gr7a"teft pf^rf ',7 •'^^'^- fand Induftrv in th^ r.,u- . °^ fnejr Care {For the P odudt of r^ T^" "^^ '^^'''" " ='"^^ icV«^% as much .^^ t^(^^^/^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^-dothe,r Sugars, the Demand^ r^. !^^ Y^'-^/wa and Maryland mil like rh.f^f lu o ' "''' ^^ "Mother Count V and /r.W ^'.'^^'^^^^^^'^ ^^'their lame Thin., ^a'nd w/t if '. ""^'^ " "^"^'^ ^^^ Company of M.r.han , ,vho it'p he T'^. ^"''" ■It, maym,t, , eVhaos " V r,""?" """'ing from .»e may f, laEfiT' h ' '"'^ "'''"'^- Hotevcr, V '^me Con,n,cditics, ■> ich /h.ch £'17;'^" ply I I I ( 24 Iff ply it •, and which are brought down the Miffijfippi into the Gulph of Mexico^ to be brought to Europe. Neivfoumiknd Filhcry is the lalt Confideration, with rt fject to North America •, a weighty and important Confideration indeed! I (hall here, my good old Friends and Mafters, trouble you with tew more Obfcrvations, than are abfolutely neceffary, from the Nature of fo momentous a Concern i having annexed to this Letter, aTranfcript from the Britijh-Merchanty which will convey to fuch of my Fellow-Citizens, whofe Trades and Occupations may not direSlly lead them to Enquiries of this Kind j though every Indi- vidual muft, in feme Dcrgree, more or Icfs, be con- cerned in this Subjcdl; the fatal Confequences inevi- tabii-s of permitting France, or any Nation, the En- joymentof any Privilege or Liberty in thofe Seas. The Objeds then of our prefent Confideration are tvvo, z'iz. 11-e Profits arifing from the Nezcfoundland Fifhery, with rcfpcft to the Importation of Bullion and foreign Coin inio Great Britain. The fup];ort and Augmentation of that naval Povver, th.it ihciH enjoy them. And full: for the firft of thefe. The Profits arifinE^ from the Nrjvfcundland Fiflicry ; thefe are annuall;, very great, Mr. .4l}jley fays, p. i8 and 19 of his Mi- wcirs ar.d Cjufidrratwrn, &c. that from Nnvfoundland. jXrv EirJcVfJ, and Nova Srotia, there are about ^^o.".: Sail of Miips. great andlinall •, or about 30000 Ton? of Shipj)in(r employed annually in carrying Fifli to Pcrtw^iu. Sp'ir., and Italy ; which employ about 2700 Sean-ren ; and n^.ay, iiy a Circulation in Trade, return to Great Britain about 260,000/. Sterllng/':r aTDUim i;i this Article ui ImHi; bt fides Train-Oil, and Whale- hour •, of wliicli there m.iy be imported into Grcr.t Bntatn to the Value of 40000/. annually arid upward^ and It is contjnitcd, that about two Thirds of all thcl Atlv^iiUacts a; lie from the Filhcry of Ne^cfoundlr.K:^ Oplv Ippi :ant old »ore the xed anty ?ns, lead idi- on- svi- En- are pry, Mgn aval fins; . alh Me- and. 'or/ 1 to -00, turn] m lalc-- :hclcs ■'S ( 25 ) only. How much pf this Train- Oil and Whale- bone may be re-exported, I cannot fay. But it is plain, from Mr. /ijblefs Account, that 200,000/. Ster- ling is annually brought into Great Briiain, from the Article of Fifh alone. Let us fuppofe then, that I'o much of theTrain-Oil and Whale-bone is exported, either in manufadured or unmanufadured Goods, as will bring in the above Value of 40,000/. Sterling into Great Britain. Then the whole Sum of 300,000/. would be returned to Great Britain'm Bullion. — This then is allowing the utmoft Profit to this Nation upon the Fifhery. In the Preliminaries herein early mentioned, that give hrance a Right to ftnd as many Ships as fhe pleafes to North America^ an Obfervation is thrown in,, and I believe it to be true, that ftie ufually employed annually from 1200 to 1500 Ships in that Trade. I am informed, that the Number of Ships employed to Cmada and the other f'rench Settlements which lye behind ours, feldom exceed Six -, which are loaded with Fur-Trees, and Furs bought of the Indians ; and all her other Trade upon the Continent of Ame- rica. Ifthefe two Fads are true, as I am citdibly in- formed they are, a mod mel. icholy l^rof[)e6t opens to the View of every honeft Briton. — A Profpcd of nothing better than a total Annihilation of the Naval Power ot Great Britain, and her Redudion to the mil' rable Condition ot a French IVovinc ' . For, if Ihc ukially employed from 1 200 to 1 -,00 Ships in that Irjde aniui.illy, there muft be employed c.uii Year, upjii the Average, 13,0-, and if only iix ol tlu-m in her ovvn Continent, the Rciuainder {viz.) IJ44. could be employed no where bui in tiit- I'lllu-rv. J hen Great Britain having employed no rrit^sre than -3,00 Ships in that Fifhery, and thereby gamed no more than 300,000/. ptr A'/nion. — France th it employed a- bout tour 'J'lmcs and a half as many Sliips in that i 1 >»uv , rriuic iuivc uanifu aL»ouL i'jt.ii i uiuiand a half al]ai;iy he reiidcred, by permitting her to call her Nets ami L,incs in the Seas of America ? A fliort State of tpic oiiTcreiit Number of Seamen employed in our Fifliery and that of Frahrt\ will at one View evince tlie Necflliry of retudng her this ildlrudive Liberty. But I rtiall Hiit make the following Obkrvation on Mr. .^/y/.'v's Calculation. 'J h.u altho' he ha' let forth llie NumLxT of Ships and Men employetl in csriying th" /'.//j vvlun catchcd aiid cured, to the European Markets ; yci he has wholly oriiittetl the Number of SiKpsand M n employed, firll in catchmganti iiirinx the fiid i'liii, ..r.ij atierwards carrying liome to thr Muihcf C 27 ) Mother Couiitries, the Oil produced from the Liver Gt the Codfifh, and the Men e.n ployed in the Fifhery. I Ihaii make o Addition to his Number of Ships, altho' that wouid be very confiderahle j but in order to { ployed. The French^ by Me. y^y?'.Vv's Calculation, liavmg four times and a hilf as ni.uiy Ships :uui Men ttn- ulCvVed in r;irrvn:i In Flfliery 1344 30,096 I n the re* of their ) , / ■ 1 o Colonics, 5+ Total Dcdua I ,50 3'^. I 50 1 100 1 5,900 •jijO 30, 1 ijo : Superior to 5r//a/« 250 i4,2;(» Here ( 29 Here I beg it may be carefully obierved, how vallly luptricr France appears to Great Britain, in SIm^s and Sean. en, by this \ cry Fiflicry alone-, which iuininictii h.r with about 250 Ships, and about 14,250 S«an-.tn more than our Share, and all our Nortiicrn Colonies tog- -r do Great Britain. We will now, my d and Sirs, it you pleafe, take a View oF the naval Strength of Great Britain arid France^ ar'fing from the Sugar Plantations.—— No agr. cable Frolpect, Great Britain then, having, before the War, but about c;;ry2//cih Part of the Seamen in it; which is about 240 i So ti at, with reip.€(fl to the Navigation from our Sugar Plantations, France hath a vaft Superiority over Great Britain, in Sliips anJ Seamen. yl State of Ships and Seamen c/Great Britain /7»^France. Great Britmn SJiips. Seamen. employe Remains to/- nn } ^1 J 2b— 240 Ships. Senjnfn. France 374 — J360 20 240 ^rance luperior to G. Britain j.] 3 1 20 The Trade to J/ri(a was to France, hcfure ihc War, very ccnlidfraijlc, in Point of Kuliion ; aj^i of prodigious Advantage, in relpcd of their Mami- farttires, ij'i. and nav.il Power. I have nev.'r had any Opportunity of attaining a r.uisfaiLory Account ot the 1< vtral liranchcs of i.his ^•xttnfive Commerce, and Source of naval Power. Btit the Gold Duft brought from Sen^i^::/ dnd Goree, l-rantc; as mull the Gum, wliich is lulHci-'iit hotli to fiipply her own Manufa^urcs, and a great Parr, I icAr, of oursi and, I bcLievc, thole oi\\\^: Pmch : D \\ ivx •1, ( ) l# n Which mufl: be paid for chiefly in Money. Indeed, I have heard this A^-ticle computed at 100,000/. ^^r jinnuni to Fraute. lilephants Teeth is Jikewilt a- noiher vaJaabL- Branch of tiiis Trade ; which, '.vhcn nranutacturcu ii.to numb'.'ilels Utcnfils and Toy?, v/tiar or th.-il- are not ufed in France^ b. ing ex- ported, luring ba^.. fome Returns in Buihon or forei^^n Coin, Over and above thcU mnny and great Advan- tages, whviL, and how much greater, muft arife to France from tlu; Negro Trade, both in Kefped of the Imporiaiion of BDluon, and ihc Demand ot her Ma- nvfactuves, and the Kr.creafe of her People, and Im- provement of her Agriculture, through fuch an En- Cv>uragemcnt of them ? Moreover, the Advancement of the three laft will be moil alarming, .'* we duly confider, that the Advancement of them muft be pro- portionable to the Superiority of the French Trade, in Sugars, to that of the Britjjh. For if Great Brildtn has only one-fifteenth Fart of the Sugars ex- ported, France muft have fourteen Fifteenths •, and, confequently, the Number of Negroes, neceftary to cultivate her Plantations, muft be fourteen Times as many, as are required for the fame Purpofe in the BriHJh : And there cannot be lefs than fourteen Times as many Planters, to raife Sugars, Indigo, G'nger, Pimento, Cotton, and Coffee, in the French Sugar Settlements j to v,hich \vc may add fourreen Times as may Ships, and S i we wil! ;;t- tark //— our Vital.s — r. — O [pjrc HS^ frare us ' don't louc Ii rake all we have, only fpare // — r .' I iay, in thi^ profjn-rou'i Condition was tvcucc, bc- i..);-e > t it-i ( 32 ) for- the prefent War— In this fad, and defponding Condition was then Creai Britdin: When Provi- i^a\Ci-, in Mercy :o us, was nkakd to raife up Mr. P:tt tcrour DeliveranvTe; He by the VViftiom of his Coun. lis, by the uncor- ruptible Integrity o! his Hcart, by the iriv iable Firmnefs of his Rtfulution, and by the invi.icible Power of his mighty Genius, encountered and fur- mounted all our Difficidies -, and tr-cd us fiom all our DiltrefTes and i'cr.is, that had well ni^h fvval- lowed us up; and, as he and we all thought, fct us upon a Rock of Security, out of the keacn both of our foreign and inteftine Foes : And all this he d;d for us with the enormous Weight of tonrinental Me;furps upon our Backs; while he himlelf douk- /f/i ic-nfiblc, as any Man, of their Fatdity, was con- ftrained publ ckly toefpoufe, what he mull inwardly deteft. He knew, that his Country muft infla.itly perilh under the crufhing Load q\ continental Con- rie6lions; that nothing rould protr.-cl: /^.--r Fall, but that of France: And, that the on y W ly tu e eft it, was to drive her inf:rely out (f /}:}h.na', .1. d, by graining her Settlements, and engroir.n- her Com- merce, enabi-i this Nation, by the accruinu Riches, ro ^ d. fray the heavy Ci.iu-grs of tiie G"rman and Ca"ic Wars; and afterv arus raip.: her naval Power and Grandeur to a !ii^rce and rational Indepe"bdency of chii Country ; in-as-much as .hey mull necelfarily reftore France to that internal and external Strength, where- ci Great Britain found her at the Commencement of -he prefent War : And if the over.hafty Temper of that Nation would hav- permitted a Forbearance of twenty or thirty Years ionge-, of the Exertion of that Strength, it would have got to fuch a Head, that nothing could have refilled it ; and Great Bri- taiy. muft have been over-whelmed and loll for ever. As the Riches and naval Power of France, arifing •fromy^wmV^ and Africa, are the Bales, on which the Arguments to prove vvhat I have above advanced, are built-, it will not be improper to place before you] in one View, what has been hitherto dilpcrlcd in thefe Sheets, relative to the Importation of Bullion into F]-ance, by Means of their Sugar Plantations, the Pilhery, and Africa-, and alfo to place before you, i.i »^ne View, the Increafe of their naval I'ower, anfin f!om thole Branches of Commerce ; and bodi com" pared with Great Britain in thole Kelpeds. ( 36 ) Sugar 'Plantations^ Great Britain. Received for ^211 Hhds of Sugars from '^ foreign Markets - - j o^'42Z for Indigo, Gin:5er, and other produ£VS) 16,284. To balance 1,304,569 97,706 I Nr":tfoundlwd Fipery. Keccivcd for Fiili cxportcJ, - - - 300,003 To balance 300,000 1,050,000 Vir'iima and Maryland, Received for 45 000 Hhds of I'obacco } « exported, - - - J 43'/ 5 843*750 Carolina. Received for coo barrels of Rice exported, 80,000 80,000 1.430,838 To balance in favour of France^ ^orth American '■T'-ade. Shipi IVicn. In Tobacco - - 400 3600 In Rice - - ICO 900 hMht K!civfciirMand¥\{)\Qry yo 8700 In the Roll of the Colonies, 300 2700 I- 2,75^'294 • iioo — 15,900 Sugar Fi i.iti: tions. iinat Diitain employs - 26 240 — 26 — 24D To balance in favour of Fravcc, 598 — «7537<> i72i 33'5i'' ( %1 ) mgar plantations. Trance. Received for 74,7?; Hhds of Sugars fiom foreign Maikets, ——for Indigo, Ginger, &c. ^SSjJI^ 1,168,578 By balance for 69,578 Hhds, c'c. ex ■1,402,^94 ■ ■n. T balance tor b9<57o Hhds, c'c. ex- 1 , ported more th^n Great Briiainj 5 ^ Newfoundland F'ljhery. Received for Fifh exported, - 1,350,000 — 1,350,000 By balance in Exportation of more 1 Fini than Great Britain, ^ Ij^SOj^ Virginia and Maryland. ,000 Carolina. North American Trad^. Ships Men. In the Newfoundland FKhcry, i j44 30,096 In the reft of their Colonics, 6 54 £ 2.752,294 France fuperiqr to Britain^ 250 14-250 Sugar Plantations. F.ance employs - 374 3 '',60 France (w^finov io B' it cln^ 348 3120 :.74 3^3*^'' 1.7''* i. f ^ \0 Ue I I ^' I ( 35 ) We fee, in thefe Accounts of Bullion annually im-i ported into France, and of the Increafe of her naval rower, two fucb Ballances as are enough to ftrike e- very Briton with Amazement and Horror -, and fuch, as one would imagine, mult open the E}es of the blindeft Buzzard in theC— b — n — t; and fof .'n the moit obdurate Heart there, tho' harder than Adamant itfelf. I'e Great Britain before the War j^ftled by ^' neb Artiicc and Lidultry, aided by Britijh ivi_t~r — I Partiality for a foreign lerritory, Neg- ligence and Cowardice, out ot two of the molt va-r iuable Branches of her Commerce, the Sugars, and the ^"ifliery. — We lee her naval Power daily declining, and that of frdnre augmenting, by the almoft intire EnsroisnT^nt ot thefe ncble Branches oi Trade i which raiie and maintain fuch a Nu.hber of Seamen, the greateil W^n of tliem being nurtured in that very Fiihcry, in which it is reported, we are going to give the Fraicb ari^^ht to Filh again, under fuch Keftridti- ons, tint wc may be furc thcle renowned Treaty- Breakers will cbl-ive no lon^i, than they are toa weak to break through them. We fee trance with Regard to the Impoi tation of Bull.v..n, augn^enting in Riches annually, by an Im- porratior. (jr it to the Amount of 2,752,294/. and all •u-ifng c lily from their hugar Plantations, and the Kifliiiig in our Seas : ot which immcnfe Sum they re- ceived from the tormer 1,402,294/. and fron the lat- ter I, ,50,000/. v\hilc poor unhappy Britain, the con- flant Prey o\ Fnmce, and the whole Continent of £a- rcpr-y and tb.e ever ur.natu.al Sacrifice of hcv own de- gtncnit'' Son.s, imported horn her reduced Sugar Plan- tatiuui) — from her ownFilhery, aid tiuiu ail her Co- lonies m North .'hna ica^no more than 1,321,4.-6/. fo that ¥ an' beiore the War liiiported into Ft a ufy from only their i'lantationb, and oui Fi'liery 1,4^0,6 jb/. more th'^i I ( 39 ) than Great Britain did from thofe two Sources of Wealth, and all her Northern Colonies befides. And here I defire it may be obferved, that tho* the French appear to be poffelTtd of fourteen Tin es more of the African Trade, than we are; and, conlequentlv, from it im^ ort fourteen dmes more Bullion, and "row fourteen Times more in naval Strength, than we do ; Yet, for want of proper Information, I have brought nothing to the above Accounts, in Rcfpeft to either of thefe. Butlurely, if the Amount ot Bullion im- ported into Frame by^ and the Ships and Seamen em- ployed in the African Trade, were to be added to the above Accounts, they would \\'t\\ them greatly. I fhall now, my Lord and Sirs, confidcr t\\t fair.ouSi Preliminaries, faid to be at this Time in Agitation •, and endeavour to fliew, in what Manner the above mentioned Ballance of Bullion, and Superiority in Ships and Seamen, will be alTeded by them. And then I believe, no honeft Britcn whatever will think himfeU obliged (if fuchPrelimina^ie^ are really in Agi- tation) in the lealt toour lllullrious Pcace-Makeisj or hold eiMier their Abilities or Integrity in the K-:(l- Veneration. 1 freely own, that if upon tVe whole Trade of the World carried on by (JntrtBnlain :ind'Francc\ we had but as great a Ballance in our Favour, as appears to be only by iiifiering France to fupply her home C c jn- fumption of l-ifh, the Ballance would in 1 u;;;: of Bullion imported, be rather in our I .noiir. if wc could have an undoubted Security that ti^u a: tlul People, ever watchful over their own Inrcrell, and ready to dcilroy their Neighbours, wouKi not loon worm us outol it, through the Afliltance ol tlie Neg- ligence, Ignorance, or perhaps Corruption at our fu' ture r*linilters, in the fame M.uincr they havj hith i to done. 1 lie Bal!ancc in Favour of Cruit Brilainv\-)on the whole Trade of Jmericci, (z-:z,J the I'huitationy, Norther;) i^ fi4 ( 40 ) Northern Colonies and the Fifhery allowing for the home Confumption of Fifh in Fr.3«cf 600,000/. would be 369,162/. which if our whole Sale of Tobitco and Rice was to be paid for is. bullion, a? it is nut, fince Ave purchafe with it many C iimrno''iries, ..Mhcr ufetul in our Shipping or to fuppiy our j-.uxury, ii: parti- cular fo much of our ''obarco, a^ we exr rt to France, fne pays for in Wine^ bcc. U; the V lue, is I have been informed, of ijcogo/ .^■-'--rling But ab this muft be, and ought to be dtduc^ed, it reduces the faid 669,162/. to no more thin c;o9,i6,'./. And even this too depends upon our confining France to her home ConfLmpiion of Mud FtfJj . wjiich we mx) be morally certain, we never fhall. For as that Nation hath never fcrupled to break all the Treaties, ilic bound herfclf by •, whenever fhe thought iierfelf itrong enough to fiipport the Violation of them, we ^ mnot without the mod foolifh Credulity believe, llic will Ail with pundlual Honour hereafter, or that our future Mi- niflcrs will he more circumfpe6t and careful than their PrcdectiTors have been, to hold her to a flrid Oblervance of the Reftridion, of llipplyingherhome Consumption only. Befides, France, by navigating cheaper, and the Siiuation of her Ports in Europe hath a double Advantage in ferving Portugal, Spain and lialy cheaper, and throwing fuch Quantities into thole Markets, occalionally as will render that Com- modity a Dreg, and greatly Icflen the Price of it. Thefe Advantages will be an irrefiftiblc Temptation to Frincb Faith, to fidi ior Baccaloa, and cure it on thole Stanes,and drying Rooms that are reported (fince I began this Letter) to be allowed them on Nezifaund- land. Under this Vrrmijfion they may load what Quantity of Baccaloa (which is the Sort of Fifh only confumed by the Portugucze, Sp'wi^rds, and ItalianSy) in the Ships allowed them, togetiitr with Mud Fidi for their own Confumption \ which is what the French only conlume. By the help of this, they may foon r : 1 r n ' ( 41 ) turn this fmall Balance in tl ir own Fa /our, and will, in no long Time, again worm us out of the Filherv, for which we Ihall have no better Security, than the Faith oi France, and the Wildom, Fortitude, and Integrity of Briilfl:) Minifters : Who, it we may iudge from paft Fxperience, if the common Bully ot Europe prefents H r at them, as a Highway- man does a Piftol at a Traveller, will patiently fufter him to rob Great Britain of thefe her moft valuable Rifrhts and PoirefTions, or any other whatever. And i\\2X France defigns to recover this immenle Source ot Riches and Nurfery of Seamen, in Conie- mienc. of this Prehminary, is (I think) indifputably manifeft, from her inftfting upon a P.rmijwn to crctt Stages, and other Conveniencies, upon NewfcumllamU ioi^drsing and curing her Filh. For if fhe intended nothincr more than the Supply of her Home Confunip- tion, (he could have no Occafion for fuch Stages and dryiVrt Rooms -, fince fhe confumes only t!ie Mud Fifli : For which. Stages and drying Rooms ar not necejfary •, whereas they are abfolutely fo \ot cur'my, the Baccaloa, which is the only Confumption of Portugal, Spain, and Italy. Can then any Man be io com- pletely ft upid, as to imagine that France, it fhe did not intend and hope to fupply thofe Markets again would aefire a Permijfion ro ered Stages, Uc. to cure Baccaloa •, and be at the Labour and Charge ot thus preparing it, only to throw it away ? And will our ingenious %/^A'«/;o be lo eq/ily caught with a hren.k Gudgeon ? It may not be improper here to forcftal, what you V . find in tl ' Appendix ; N\hcrc you will ic;-, t',.i: France, \a Charles iW FirH's Kngn paid an A( kiun/- lcd<^mcnt o^ five per Cent, for ll.e IVrmilhon ot Fiih- inc/^in thofe Seas ; which is a Proof of the //;;/.v/r.'//v of^Hir >/n<5ght in t...-m ; thouj^h (he loon attcr- wards found M^.ns to inHuc-nce our court lo tar, as to obtain a Kemiiilon oflh.it A: •.no\viAlf:mfpr. i ou I ( 42 ) Yen ni!I find alio, that at the Peace oi Utrecht, fh^ had made lb great a Progrefs in that Branch of Com- merce, that llie employed 400 Ships in it ; which is 100 irore than we tnjployed before the prefent War. And fince that Peace, ihe has niade a mod aftonifh- ing Frogrefs herein, having encrealcd her Number of 400 hhios jurt mentioned to 1200 or 1500 ; which, at a Medium, is 1344 Ships />ir yf«;/«w. For if flic fenf \o North Amerha r35o, and employed only fix Sl^.i} s in lier Colonics, ihj Refidue 1:^44 could be ulr-.; in n-: Part of" that Region, but in the filliery. And tivis pruvt-s the Verity of the Britijh Merchant^ who tells us in the Appendix, that the hrench are fo txtrcmely f^nfibleof thepr^^^rfr'^j^j Advantage of this ttjhery^ and fo z-cry intent upon purfuing it, chat jiom ihv'iT firji Aticnipt to make themfdves covfider- ahle at Sea, they had it fcrpetiialiy in View. And tht-n it this be fo, who will iiave the Impudence to iJcny, that they will have it perpetually in View, 'till by intirely divelling them of th.ir whole American and yjfricrn Trade, which lalf is an Appendage of thoroi;-,!-, wf AmII have drawn out of the I'eeth and P\.ngs of the voracious and in'atiable Beail of i'r:y •, whicii we ought to do, both for our own i\e- fervaiicn, and ror that ot the Reft of Europe : and this nu.re efpecially we ought to do, fince France, by in/tjiii'x upon a Permjjwn to erecl: Stages and other Convfiiieiicts on Wezv/cunJli^nd t'ov cuiiAg Baccaloa, a Comn^otlity fuitcd only fur the Markets oi Portugal i Spnin^ and Italy, Iiath openly avowed her firm Ke- foltit'on to drive CrM/ i^r/Vr?/;/ out of that in( "X emicft- itig Branch of her Commerce— and nurfing iXiolhcr of hrr nival Power, Moreover if we take into the Confidera; ion the RellilutiMn oi Gcrec^ the Pofufiion whereof muit, !or the Rcaions already enumerated, give France lu- h a Surcriority :n the I'rofil of imported IvjHion, li.at I doubt not in the leaft, it will reduce the above Balance of ( 43 ) of 269,162/. fuppofed to be in our Favour, to art Equality, if not turn it againft us. And in fuch a Cafe, v/iil it not be a.i unexampled Inftanceof Weak- nefs, Folly, Ralhnefs, and Iniquity, to expofe the Fate of this Couirtry to the Hazard of an even B.) lance in Commerce with France. And now, my Lord and Sirs, I have mentioned Afrka again, permit me t6 offer you a few Remarks, particularly \\\\\\ rclpecl to the Reflitution oiGcrce, Our Minifters, pcrhapi, may think they do a n-'ighty I'liing, if, when they reflore Goree, they keep the PoirciTion qI $:rrgdl\ for that, by t!ie Means of it, we Ihall at leall equally divide the Profits of the rich and neceflary 1 rade to Africa with our Enemy. If they fhould think lb, they will lind themf.-lves under an egregious Millake. But ii t!'.ey could hz right in fiicli a Conjecture, it would certainly he the Height of Madncfs, after ib much Biood an.i Frea- fuie fpent to reduce the exorbitant and tremendous Power of France., as I faid ju(l now, 10 expofe the Fate of this Country to the Hazard of an even Balance of any one Trade with France \ or even to do fo in refped of the univerlal Trade of the two Nations, as I iTiall endeavour to (hew in its proper IMace. But with refpei:t to our Poifenion oi iicncgal without Qoree., I cannot concti.c how it can enter into the Heads of our wiie Men, that either we fhali reap any more Advantage from the African Trade, by the PollefTion Kii the one without the other, or that the French Trade will be in the lealt dirninifheii by this ConcelTion ; wliich, without Goree^ will be rather a Pivjudicc than a Benefit to Great Britain. I'he Nccellity ot either Nations embarking in a Commerce with Africa^ priiuipally arilcth from the ImpolTibility of nrluvating their S.tilements in Ame- rica., cfpeci.iiiy ilic Sugai lllmiis, without Negroes; though the (jtuiis, Fleph.ints lect!!, .uid (jold Dult ^ niiiiht ( 44 ) mi ght otherwi:!' render it a very beneficial one. If then om tr.*n thi' others ^'. Nation's Demand f-r Negroes is greater ...a UK- ...... . ^..^^^ ^'-^tion whofe Demand exceeds the ethers, will employ n^oft Ships and Seamen, and exu(;rt moa Manuiaftures ; and wiil thereby raile more Scanun and employ more Manufadlurers and proportionably encourage Its Agriculture Now frail e ''as I ''.ave already faid) vending fourteen Tim^s as much Sugar, Indigo, y^. as Great Brilatn, ;.^ in ill th'.k Advantages att-nding this Trade, f nrtc -1 TimeMiiore mnfi lerable than her; who, .In-he PoiT.nion of Sau^^J, can purchafe no more Ne-roe^ ih.n the Growth of h^^r S.'ttlements in /Ime- ruavccmve^ : And as (lie can have a lufficient Siipply c»r them ^vitll^ut Senega!, by the Conveniency of her own torrs and Settlements upon the Coaft oi Africa, which altord fife Harbours for her Ships and Store- houfcsfor her G.^oJs, iLe does not want ^V«f^^. to carry on her Nc:',roe 'I'rad. -, the Afr'.can Forts and S"tticm-nrs not being Markets for Negroes, wno, as I apprehend, are bought upon the Coafts in coalling | X^x^let us inouire of what Ufe .W^^/ without Gone is likely to be to Great Britain, with relpeft to the Traffic in Gums, I- lephants Teeth, and Gokl Dull • or in the Diminution ot the French Negroc Trade! The Ships employed by the Brttijh Mer- chants being only in Proportion to their Share m the American IntereO, they will fend but one in fittecn •, and rhe Manufadures to purchafe the Commodities above fpec'.ned, being conveyed in the lame Ships that convey thole that purchafe Negroes, there can be lent but one fifteenth Part of our Mannfadurrs to barter away for Gums, Kk phanus Teeth, an i Gold Dutt : So then the FrenJi having fourteen 1 ifteenths of the Negro Trade, v.iU UT.tt fourteen 'jirr-es the Number of Ships that Creal ///v/^;:;; c^n, ar.d conle- ( 45 ) Quenrly fourteen Times the Qiianrity of Manufaaure^ to barter away for the fame Commodities •, and mu.t therefore load for France fourteen times the (Quantity of thofe valuable Effects, wherewidi ihe mutt gaiJi fourteen times as much as Great Britan, France alfo hath another greit Advantage over us herein— (lie Manufaftures her Go-xis io mucn cheaper than Great Britain, that flie is able to out bid her 25 per Cent. And if thefe are Fafts, how will it be pofTible for this Karion, to (h.^re equally tnel. prodi^ Irious Advantages, with our Rival and hneiny . "" Goreeo^ itfelf is, doubJ-cf?, fuinci.nr fcr :he Ne- crroe Trade, and the fore-oing Realons iccure theTii fn a Manner, in the inn re Poffeff.^/n ot tne od)er Branches of the Africav Commcrc. . Otnerv.i.c we may be fure French Moddly would no have h. ulercd the French Court demanding Senqul ;.s wc.l as ..cr.^. And what Reafon have we to b.hevethe goou ..aaire of our M y would have dc-nied any D.'mar.u, that it mould have made? 5.;;;-:/ ther.'cnt: without C.^..^ will be an ufelefs i:xpcncc to th:s Ration. And as Goree is fufhcient to anfwer all the Purpoies of th.c Trade 10 France, it is no wonder fnc Ihou.d rea-inv make us a ConcciTion ufelcfs and expe.dive to its I ui- f. (Tor Thus we lee that Sc::e?(il without Gont .aiU.ot aive us half the Trad, of Africa, it c,ur ^t— ;-^; '-^^ Feally intend their Country tu nui. h good. >o nric v/e lee another FrcKCb Gud^roi> thro.'.u out to catch the Brittjh Miniftry. Nothin- fundy can equal thc.r GeneroHty and C a.i- riry if there is Tiuth in th;^ l>rfuminati s puM;..;cJ. ARi^ht ot" filhin- in ov.x Jmruan S.-.is toi inrir homc^Confumption, :^^C. an Oppo' tuuuy oi c.r.ciun^ themfelves and Augmenting the:r iMari:ni.e I own, by permitting them to crcit Stages, £-.. ^^^' ^;'^;^> iL^loa for theUie ot P.r/.<./,^^^;/, and / .- , which will enable them tu drive: us out ot iliv inhci ., G z » ,1 I ( 46 ) is much too mean a P. Jent for the French Kin?. 1 Pre- So ri/.ung an ^.Jj-cnng is rr.ucSi beneath the Diizni o; Louis i.c Gra \> rcnc!cr the M- ient acceptable tt) hin". it (::xx\ h; :companied with rotninp: leLs, than thofc valuable Sugar Idands, whoL hc'l ■ ProdiKi-lij, cannot be worth Ids than upwards cf i,coo,^ 00/. SterlingyOtT^f/;;;//;;,' i;. Frr/;;r<,', together witii (jorec. Wiiich, if we reckon the vakie of the Negroes, wita all the other Branches ol that Commerce, may realo/jably b eflimatcd at i,oco,ooc/. more ; in all 2,000, Ov;o/. Sr.-r ling per A^mun, All rich Jewels torn from the Crown of Fra.-.cc, by that hard-hearted, rriiel, vindiclive, inexorable lichber Mr Pitt, who bearing an Implacable Hatred to Le-uois the XVth. for no better Reafons, than thatLcaw the XVth. bore the lame ImphKable Hatred to Mi. Pitt's Country, and had firil itolen and feized Ibme of the Jewels out of his own Royal Maflcr's Crown, and was bent upon takiiig awciy all the reif. B. : to return to the Value of our Prefent, to his Moll Cirifliin Majefly. This 2,000,000/. being ad- d.d to the Value of their home C(;nfumprion ot Fifn, Caught in our Seas, will n.ake the Donation worth a- bout 2,6oo,oco /, pr Anivm, befidcs an immediate and ^. gc Nurfery tor . nv;,/; Seamen, apd ;in Oppor- tunit; oi n ' ovcri.ig v. '.a' we retain of it by Treaty : which, ue may \'.. Il ■;: t,,ey wiil break as foon as they can v ' ecaiile we know they h-a-c bioke every Treaty they i..,ve niade with us. 'Now can there be a moie nooie Inliance eiiher <;f G< nt-uCtv or Charity, than to give up nolefs tli.u- :,6oo oo(7. /'.r ylnnim for no Confid Tution ; and \oluntarilv, -nd v.ithout Power in him to v horn we give it, to lake ir jrom us. There- K^rc a5 wc arc under nr. Comp.iifion, ^t can nrcceed from nothi;,g but r ur. .m^. perfct'; Geneiolitv O ^e- nerciis Souls ' Jj rh. World mud own and acInSrc It, uho I believe, not any State whar-.-vrr wnulJ, i=..l!-.vv fo ( 47 ) fo good an Example.— Nor is our Charity lefs pure andpc|fLi;ti — for it i: an Fxuberance, even ot Chril- tian Chancy — That only commands Foroivencis of our Enemy upon Repentance and Reparation, and to do good for Kvil._But it doth not bid us give him all we are worth, nor to put a Weapon into the Hands of him, we know to be an implacable Enemy, thiit would cut our Throats \n irh it, as foon as he got Pof- feffion of it. Yet io exc; fTlvely Charitable are we, tnat tho' we are cer .lin, France will turn ourCharirv to our Dc^rudion, we moil charitably put ourfelv-s into the Power of our implacable and molt unciuiri- tablc r.nemy. How far doth the Ch-rityof ^onvc Py.tto^u exceed that of the Merciliil Sama.Uan, fo highlv applauded by the hii;he(t Authority ! i'he S^"iarita>ii Charity cx> tended no further, man to a fin^^e J^zv ; bet'vvee-i whofe Nation and his own, thourrh a p-rr-etuai Grudge lublilUd, it does nor appear, diat S^^^rHa had been unjuftly invaded, pillaoed, a..d moll inhumanly treated by the ^.zvs. ir Breach ot IbKmn Treaties. But il the Preliminaries are true, the far more than Chriftian Charity of our moft merciful Sa;;m-i- tans, will be extended t-, Sixteen Millions ot Strangers, our antimr, inveterate, and ii reconnleable Er^emies, who have been j. (Hy punilhed for ti.eir Robberies and barbarous Murders committed u-oj us in Brcacli of folemn Treaties. The annenr Sr,P ■- ritan, alter he had poired C.il and Wine into tivj VVounds, of the untortunare '/.-zi;, and iodoe.i him in an Inn, gave the Ho(f only i wo-pen(r, promifnK- to pay all other Charge, for tiie Relief of the woun"^ dcd Stranger; which it is likely mighr amtnmt to 1 \w, pence or a Groat more. But our Samayitam, inhiately more merciful and L-cnercuis, cin y iu^-ai iViail\.Tj liivli iii^iii. iv^vi; .^iii-w «■- ••■••- ••i.j Pi;j e in- WM ) %, m there m liver- % I the 1 s. ■f MAN, ^ then ■~i ,11 tho s ighcll f'V 4i« '4? ( 49 ) Pinnacle of Glory, whither thy ambitious Predecef- fors in vaift afp'red ! The two Branches of the Houfe of Bourhcn are now united, we have now by Peace rediKcd Old En-lciid, that heretofore uniurmountable Ooftacle to our' mighty Object of univerfai Sway.-— If Ihe, by our pretending to relir.quifh the Nezvjound-^ Ian Fiiliery, all but our Home C-nfmnption, /'iJ<( for a Time enioy an equai Share ot theProhtsct the Trade to ^iWf^r.'cYT, or even a hu.ill Biilance in her Favour, that ....vantage will be of a fnort Duration. Baccaloa cured on the Stages and Rooms erected on Newfoundland, will foon run away with her Profits, and retlore to Frame her former Balance of lYade . 1,430,838 /. and that great Nurfery of Seamen. O brave ' O brave 1—30,000 Seamen to be relealcd to man a new formidable Fleet! O brave again! Our Mar ne will foon be ftrong enough to face the Bntijk. But hold— let me think— ah— now I have it— we mull be good Friends and Neighbours with Great Britain ; at lead for fome Time : For having oound her fart Hand and Foot by this Peace, in conlequence whereof we (hall, with the united Fleets of the united Branches of the Houfe of Bourbon, foon dethrone the King of Portugal: And, by giving that Kingdom to the King of Spain, we lliall get PoireOion of not only the whole Trade of Old and New Spai«, hntthe Brazils too will be ours. Thus we fliall import all the Bullion of thofe prodigious wide extended Re- gions into Fr^wf^.— Why-befides the vaft Wealth accruing to Great Britain from their Commerce with .Spain, we dial!, by fuch a Blow given to the ^ing ot Portugal, at once 'rtrip that Land of FFcretics ot at lead :,ooo,()oo/. Sterlmg per Aimuw, which will all come to France. By this too, while her naval Strength d. ily declines with her Manufadures, in Proportiua as ours increare,the Poor o{' Great Britain mult darve or tly to France for Bread. — Well-Brc.id they Huh ( 50 ) h.ive— and Brcnd made of Corn tiie Growth of th eir •But it Hiail be raifcd by Frenrhmen \ AV'^^c Colonies of whom we nvjil: tranfj)!ant liiither. So tiiL-n imyjhail eat Vi^ Bread of Z)V/V;//z Corn : — ] Biitthey Ih.ill earn it c-fga?- — v V\'ond arici drazi) Water cry dear— they Ihall hezo ror us, anu iv eep r Streets J Offices ior us Slaves, iliail th.^ie hi^r:g free-born Erisa^s perform, hampered in Frcrjcli wooden Shoes and loaded with ponderous Chains— and gaHed with cor- roding Fetters.— And by that Time we have reduced IMauUo )ur Obdience, and added a!i her Spice .VettJen-.cocS in the Eajl Indies to Pondicherry, the kind Conceffion of good natured unforeieeing Britain, and have cngriiffd all the Commerce of the Duicli by which we Ihad be Mailers of all the Wealth of the Uriverfe.. and of numerous and well-man- IV ! Squadrons, that will overfpread the whole Ocean-, Greni Britain exhauded of her Riches, and drained of her Inhabitants, will, with the poor Uemnant of her once dreadful and all-vic'torious Fleets, make ut ■Afeeole Refilhince, to the fuperb naval Force offrafuc. '-Jl wiil then b^- I ime to n.vade her, and take awav her Nariic :uu.\ her i^lace, and lead away Captive, with their^ v\ ives an^i jittie Ones, thole who do not come io V.':, of iheir own Accord.— The three richeil commer- tud Siiitts, Portugal, HollarJ, and Great Britain, (the two ialt the greateft naval Powers) being thus totally fubdued, the other States of £«r/has a ftrong Hold through the king- dom of Naples, which will help forwards die Re.; c- t!on of Italy ; and the Houfe of /hjlria, whom' v. j have politically joined, in order to unpoverifh ir h.-/ .1 n O i ( 51 ) exhaufting its Wealth in a ra(h War, can withftand the prench and Spamjh Powers bait a little While. Nor will the military Abilities of the Prufiaji Wtio, avail him againft the fame united Forces. *' Thus, by the Subverfion of thefe mighty States, my Mailer's Power becoming invincible •, the hardy Swede, without a Fleet, and not over-fliifhed with Wealth, will fall an eafy Victim to the glorious Am- bition of my Sovereign : And little Denmark, will fcarce fuffice him for a Breakfaft. But — I Jid not think of the paltry Principalities oi Germany ; — indeed they are fcarce worth my Notice — but, however, thefe Baubles may do well enough to diftributc :. ongft my Mailer's Ladies — They may ferve Madam Pom- padour and the reft, in the Hours of Dalliance, for Sugar Plumbs and Carrav/ays — Pcm'padcitr , ..lay be made Dutchef^ of Munjler — another, Marc];ioneIs of Mentz — another, Countefs of Cclogne — r.nother, Vi/- countefs 'triers — and-— vinother— may be made Baronefs of Hano-ver : But enough of this. The infidel 'Turk^ in no Condition to oppof;: cur over- grown Strength, will foon acknowledge liim for th'.ir Lord. And though the Intrepidity of the ftout Ruffians may hold us a While in play, they too, like the Reft of the Pov/ers of ^iurcfe^ muft fall under tlie VtQt of Louis, and fubmit their Necks to the Iron Yoke of Franc:. *' Thus three Quarters of the World will foon be under the Dominion of Lcuis le Grand AJia tht Fourth, over Ipread 'vith a luxurious efrViriinateRar^^ undifciplined, and not much inured to War, will f;!j an eafy Conqueft to us laltant FRENCHMEN. — C) rare France ! O rare France ' — Wha^ Lcuis /,■ Grand, fols Monarch of the whole Workl, One I ranee! — Well — I do not defpair 01" lids if I cnii with a Dafh of a Briii/k Pen— put into my r lands by the S nts of the Bntijli C n, counter fign lii^ie Preliminaries. Thfn will be laid a fure Four- hi duf.cn ■ll ( 5> ) daticn of the univerfal Monarchy of France; and whc^l- rhe . :'ble Sttudlure is railed, then (hall all the en- Haved Inhabiters of the tarth, trembling, revere k GraW Monarch, and pay implicit Obedience to his dreadful Nod O rare France '.—knd. O thoa mv Pen, thou dear Briti/h Dcftroyer of Britain's Curniiierce, of Brrains naval Power, of Britain^s Fame and Inde^ cadency upcr» iv^wi? — thou, blefTed Reftorer of ihe ruined Fortunes and loft Honour of my Koyal Mafler, ^md m,y beloved Country, (halt rnclofed in a Cafe of purell Gold, curioully chafed and let with the bnc!!;lucft oriental Stones, defccnd, With my Titles and Ellate, to my latell Pollerity, as a jewel of incftimable Price, — And thou precious Inilium -mu of my immort:d Glory, tell me if thou can'll, oi r^bat Materi.ds the Heads of Ibme Folks arc formed ? This, indeed 1 knov/ lull well, that — there is not-. -i;«f Conjurer iimongrt them all, I am aimed tempted to th'nk, cither that they fpiung from Vggs, hatched under that Kind of Bird, on *vhofc Pinion ih(;u didll grow ■, or that their Uams, allured by iomc Male of the fame Species, conceived them as Ledii conceived, whei (he refigned her Charms to the Swan. " W ell —next to the l.ovc cf GoJ, ^he Love of our Coi.nrry is. fureiy, the m.ofi: 7i:hle and glorious of all the mor.d Duiieb and hum.an PafTions. — The meer Piofpecl of perfi;rming the leall Service to our ;;«j;/iv Country, cxhileratcs the Heart of the honeft Man, and yields him .ui I'.xtn.cy of Joy that infinite- ly exceeds a! the hi;/,licll Piafures of Luxury, ^warlce. Vanity, or fallb Ambinon Bur to reach out CO her (like Pilt, in v hdli.' \\c\C[ and Heart re- fide ail 'he Abilities and Virtues ot the Guiiijfj, Ro- uiu,'?., and Emijh Patriots) a frienc'ily and iaviiig Ha. id, when Uv: (lands trembling and pale upon the Verge of Annihilation, is a Joy that tianfporcs and lavithss iny Heart to a Decree beyond the Reach of Lxp;tflicn, ■ ( 53 ) Expreffion, znd furely can be no faint Anticipation of that Poi tion of eternal Blifs affigfied for the Reward of unccrrupt: P.ilriots ; who, doubtlefs, in tiiofe Re- oions of iMitading Glory, ihall lit for ever high en- throned, next to the holy Apoftics and the gloriour. Armyol Martyrs.— O that mv Dagger could give a mortal Wound to Britcnmas> Heart! then would my crUd Soul wiliini^ly loar to thole happy Seats, where- to no F.nemy to h.s Country can ever arrive. —It th^ii the faithiul lerving outs Country, atfords the mod exquifite Delight, and is attended with fo much Lutlre of Character upon Earth, and is dillinguilhtd with mfinite Felicity and Glory in Heaven — what a Reverie of Anxiety^ v\hat Intamy of Character, and Portion ^of the fliarpcft Pangs of Damnation, nuift await the Wretch 'hat (liall betray his Country, or krvikly i'acter the peccant Humours of his Prir.ce! rather ihan itain iiis Name w//z fuch /'<:/^/ Deeds, let NiumnoiJ penlh by ten Thoufand Tortures.— By St. Peter, *xnd ail the Apollles— by every Saint above —by my Crucifix — by .dl the holv Rel^ds in the Vatican, and by hi-s HoHnefi; himfeif. Heaven's aw- ful and infallible Vicegerent on Karth — •! fwear — if I. 'thought my Tongue ever capable* )f aifen tin ^-^ to, or rn' Hand ot figning one fingle Arnclc the Icatt pro- judicial, or difhonourable to /•r<7t/rt'— the cw^ I "vould pluck out by the Roots— and the other, bi-hold uirli the Firmncfsof Mutms Scjjvolu— wither in a Fi.'me.'" Here, my Lord and Sirs, we will leav.- honeft *^V^rr;;wav to Irs Soliloquy •with whi. h I ihould not have troubled you, if it was not my iial Opinioii that ihry fuggclt tuo ii:any m.clanchoiy Truths nn: impoHihlc to come to pal^. Rut to return, you wilt pleafe to obkrve, that th-' precedin!4 Coinputati; ns, fo tar as thi-y ivlpedt th.- hn[H)rration of IJuluun iniod?^/ BntaiK ana lud!tc.\ are built upon a Suppofaion that all the I'r. !»u'"tH ipon a .-^upj arifin"' 'rinn thr Si vural P)iaiitli', . hereto'.crt mm ii L:on*,C hM ( 54 ) tion -d are fold by bcth Nations for foreign Coin or Bullion. Which is not really the Cafe of either-, tho' Fnmce muli, 1 think, havegrt-atly the Advantage in this Relpcft, becaufe iVie has, v,.thin herfdf, lb many more of thofe Commodities I'leful and neceflary for Manu- faiflwres, and to fupply Luxury, without importing them from forci^^n Cjuntries than Great Britain^ who, therefore, is oblige 1 to import the former; and her Folly drives her to do the fame with Refped to the lat- ter. Even upon this Suppofuion France had before the V.^ar a monllrous Ballance in her Favour, and upon the fame Suppofition upon the Peace, of our Returns being made m Bullion for all our Rice and Tobacco txportecl, only deducting 100,000/. for the Quantity lent to France^ by giving them right to fifh tor their hom-e Confumption we ke no m.ore than a Ballance of 269,162/. in our Favour, uponacfliw Prciumption, that we fball remain in FoliclTion of the Portugal^ Span^fj and Itaiuin Markets lor Baccaloa; which it is very evident (?s hath been before oblerved) the French do not m,ean we flTall do, by their defiring Stages ufe- ful for that Sort ( f Fifh, which is only vendable in thofe Markets •, fo that when thry once regain that Branch ot the Firtiery, they will be upon the lame looting, with Uelpedt to the Ballanceot the Ameruan Trade, they were bctore the War: but il not, their Superiority ot the yijrican would Hill turn the Ballar.ce in their favour. And can any Man think it expedient, to make a Peace with Finme^ with a Ballance of I'rade il. her Favour in any Dcgrer or Sha^-e whatever ? Bur if we confider the univeifal liade, carried on by both Nations beloie the War, w fhall, 1 fear, ha w too much K^afun to believe tiie BaHance of Trade, to have been greatly in Favour ot France. And It io, we ought never to re(^, till v.r h fve driven her quire rut of /it]ur::n\ tor by that only, we can effectually lecure the Ballance of Traue in our Favour, and kcfp down her nkivul i'uv.Lj. And n wc iicglcct ( 5S ) to do lb, now Providence hath put it in our Power, we muft be the firft Viftim, to the boundlefs Ambi- tion of the common Enemy of Mankind :— And the Corner-ftone of her univerfal Monarchy. To form fuch a State of the Balance of Trade be- tween the two Nations, as will come nearell to the Truth, is not to be done by any one Man, efpecially by me, who am fo far removed from the trading Parts of this Kland. I can only offer my Reafons, why I think the Ballancc of Trade in general was before the War, in Favour of I'rmice. Whether it was fo or not, ought to be, with R( gard to making Peace or carry- ing on the War againft her, the firll Confideration with our Adminiftration: Since upon their Refolves, the Fate of this Country depends. And therefore I earnedly wifh, that the moft confiderable Merchants of the City q\ Londcn, would agree to meet and draw out a State of the Trade of both Great Britain and France, and Strike a Ballance, as corrcd as the Nature of the thing will pi-rmir, for the Information of the Admiailtration and the Parliament; that this Poor Idand may not be totally lolt tor Want of it. That this good and ncccfTary Work may be as correct as pofTibk', I hope all the Merchants of the Out Ports, will lend a helping 1 land to it, either by their Atten- djnce in London or by Corrclpondence. In the mean while I Ihall tike the Liberty, agreeable to what I lately proj)oled, to offer fuch Realons as occur to me upon this Head. I'irll then, tho' I have Uippofcd hitherto, that our Return lor all our l'.i>du(fls of America are made in Bullion, u is not really lo. Bur my Intention in fta- ting the t()rec2,oing Accounts upon this Suppofition was to iu-igh-en, as much as pofliMe the Profits of this Country's Trad.- ; rhji alter all that can be faid, to let it in the r.i(Jt lavouiaMe Light to Dutcin, (he will iliil aiiucar to be U'-on fuch a t'u:)ting u itli I'rancc^ ,^• U ,11 A rl, '*/ I » »• •• o^ • ,7wi- rtean ( 5^ ) ticdft Commfrce, that the making a Peace upon the Preliminaries publifhed, muft bring the Trade and na- val Power of this Nation and its Independency upon Fravce, into to precarious and dangerous a Situation, as cannot be juitificd by any one Principle of Policy or Honelly. The foregoing State of Bullion imported into the two Nations, is now to be laid afide in forming a Judg- ment, whether upon the general Trade carried on by both, the Ballance lies on the fide of Great-Britain or France. All befides^ that haih been faid upon the Products of the Sugar Plantations, North Amcrita and of the Newfoundland Fifliery, ai.j Africa., are to be remembered upon this Head, being ot equal Force in the prefent and laft Argument ; with this Difference only, that whereas we valued the Sugars and Tobacco at what they fold for in foreign Markets, upon the Exportation, we (hall now only cllim.ate them at prime Coft in the Mother Countries. I pafs over the home Confumption of both Nati- ons as only ferving chiefly to employ their own Peo- ple. Firff, wc wiilconfider the Produds of America and Africa. Great Britain imported before the War, from her northern Colonies, for Fxportation to foreign Markets, 'I ohac.;o, I logfheads 45,000, at 1 ■ !. per I /^. Hhd in Great Britain., about • ) 675,000 Rice 50,000 Barrels, Ditto, about 80,000 Fifiicry, Train Oil, and Wh.ilc-boiie — From her Svu:;ar Plantations, HogOieads / V'akji- I">itto 12/. 10.?. y Other Products from Ditto one fiftli V.i 300,000 lue of Sugars, aboi;t one fiftli V.i- / 13,02 1,133,102 I rani r ^ 57 ) France. £- from theFifheryTrainOilandWhale-bone 1,350,00a Sugar yiantations. is. at 12/. lOj.pfrHhdatHome 934,863 74,787 Hhds, at Other Produds about 186,972 2,47^S 1,133,162 '1 ^ 5.T Ballance in Favour f France i ,3 3 S ,<^73 From y^wmVa then what a great Advantage Fr^wroducls, viz no lefs than a Superiority ot I ?^S 67 W. per Annum Sterhng, prime Colt : And this, exciufive of the Superiority, fte had over us by the Importation ot Gums and Klephants Teeth trom ifrii/ In this Place 1 take no Notice ot her Im- portation of Gold Dull imported froni thence -, nor of the Silver imported by her trom ^cw ^pcwi, in Return for Negroes, fc'c. We fliall make a Remark on thclc hereafter.— But with relped to Gums and Flephanrs Teetli, let it be remcaiber-d, lourteen 1, mesas much more as Great Bnt.m lau imyoii^ was imported by Fance before the War. ...1 thcie Products brought trom .L.iuica and /Jfr.'c^: '^ught to be elteemcd as the Pioduds of I r^vc.', m as nuu n as they arc f -m her or. n Colonics and .Ktr.ur.ents. and are raUed I • '' r.v;. /. Hands, or bought witn French ManuiaCL'.re. -, and ail carried in F,cKcfi Loi- toms, navii.atcd ty French Seamen. Now Commerce in general may be thus defined : - It IS an i'xportation ot the Staples, and iManutacturc^, and Products of o:,e Country to o-ner Countrivs, to be there bartered away either for tluir Money,---or tor luch of their Manuladures iNj.urun , .w.u t iO- duces N r 58 ) du(fls as either arc neceflary in working up her own Manufa(5lures, or are for her Subfiftance or Conve- nicncy. This then being granted, it will neceflfarily follow, that the Greatnefs or Smalnefs of any Nation's Trade will depend upon the Number of her Staples, iMa- nufadtures, Materials, and Produds within itfelf; and that the Nation, that hath molt of thefe within her- felf, will enjoy the greateft Share of Trade -, not only by the employing a greater Number ot Hands, but by an Importation of more Bullion : For as fhe will fell the Surplus of her own Confumption of her Sta- ples, Manulaftures, Materials, and Produds to Fo- reigners that want them, fhe will have more Returns in Bullion than other Nations, that not having the fame Advantages, or at Icaft in the fame Degree within themlelvcs, ^ire obliged to import them from thiir Neighbours, whilft flic, alfo wanting fewer. Things from her Neighbours, has lefs Occafion to fend out her Money. Thcrtfore when two Nations rival each other in Trade, though it may be very dimrult to difcover the exacl Sum or Amount of the K-ilhince in Favour of the Nation where it lies, it v.'ill be very eafy to find on which Sit!e the Ballance really is •, for that, that has v\irhin itfelf moll of the Advantages juft now enum. rated, will have greater Exportationsof Goods and Pr djrts, and yean^v Importations of Bullion, .:ai\ fewer Occafions of cxuortinp: it n2:ain. i he LTcat Kivailhip of Trade befo- ihe War, lay between (7V frt/ Z^W/tf//; and Frnncc. That l^ivilfliip the SuccefTrs of t!i • War lias dttermin'-d •, if it is not revived by a Peace with our Rivsl ; efperially by one agreeable to the flranpe Preliminaries pubhflicd, vvlvch, to till' national Allcniifhrnent, have never been concradid .d. Put the Contelt v/i!l be of no long Duration; for our Rival v\i;l (oon en^rofs the whole Na[ .itciy Carricci on DCLwecn tuc iwo cions; if tvcr the ill-jud^rcd Charity of our molt charitable and merciful Samantam, ihall rellore our rival t 5<^ ) Hval Enemy to that greatly fuperior and formidable Strength, trom which that molt uncharitable and un- merciful Man, Mr. PiUy reduced her, upon the ftrange and unfafhiojiable Notion ot pret'erino- the Interefl of his King and Country, either to that of France or of hinifclf. But whether the Ballance lay in Favour of Great Britain or France before the War, will appear by an Knqtiiry into tiie Manufadures, Materials, and Pro- ducts of each Nation within itltlf. We have already feen, that Frcr.ce^ by almofl: ths fole Pofil-fllon of tiie Sur^jar and Fifh Commerce, has :it Icail 2,471,0 j3 /. Great Britain, by a few Sugars and Fi!h, and all the Tobacco Commerce, only 1, 135,162/. io that France hath in Producls for fup- piying the foreign Markets a greater Stock than Gr^:/ Brita:n, to the Value of 1,338.673/. and as to Gums and Flephants Teeth, fhe has tourceen Times more than Great Britain. France and Great Britain luth both Silk Manufaclures, but France produces all her r.'.w Silk for that Manufacture. We buy, for ths lame Life, all ours of Piedmont^ for which we pay 1 00,000/. per Annum \ and of Turkey^ which lets us have it for our Manufa6lures. France produces Wine, Hrandy, and Olives •, great Qiiantities of which fhe exports. We have none. If we have Corn iufficienS for ourfelves and F.xportation, Ihe, by converting many of hc-r Vineyards to Arable, has the lame-, and thouL^h thvj Growth is not lo good as ours, by un^ier- f.lling us at Ltj'Ijon and other Markets, 25 or ^o pef Cent. Ihe lias a Share of th.tt I\\'portanon, as I have been well informed by the lue Mr. Bnrrrl, a very Confideiable Mercliint, ami an honelt (ientlcman, who IkuI an old ellablilhe i llc-nk- at l.ijhon. Fraud l.Js a confuleraljle Manui i.'turc in Hais. We liavc the fame, we had it from h-T — Coals we have : She has nonr, but c an ! av • tl.em fiom us chcaj) enough '■■■> n>annfi\ccur" !:ci l;o" U) rcalbnable. that \\\T tV\.^ A srtiitcr ( 6o ) greater Cheapnefs of her Labour, (he is able to ex- port her manufadured Iron at a much lower Price than we c.\n. France has an Exportation for printed. Table, and wearing L.inens. We have in Scotland and Irdand the lame ; but yet it is, I believe, fcarce lufiicient for our ov.-n Conluinption •, and, I Icar, we (hall hardly be able to get the foreign Market out rf the Hancis of France, Holland, and Hamburgh. France may want naval Stores from hfr Neighbours, as v/e!I as Great Britain, and, I fear, (he will foon have alarc^er Want of them. Thefe are purchafed wiLh Money by both. The Woollen Trade (he has almolt rrot'from us: She almoft intirely fupplies 'turkey \s\\.\\ Woollen Goods •, and if v^re did not take oF f-heir Wines, and Oil, and Fruits, (lie would worm us out of the Pcrttigal and Spanijli Confumption of our Woollen Goods. I fear (he interferes not a little with us in the latter, and will probably much n^oa-, now the Houles oi Bourbon are united. France ctrliiiily ufes much of our Wool in her Manufac- tures : But for it, (he gives -us nothing but her Wines, her Brandip^ many oV her Silks, and, I am forry to fay, fomc of her Woollen Goods-, by which (lie gets more in foreign Markets, than the Colt of the Wool : For when 1 had the Honour to fit in Parliament, I have feen Courtiers in that Alfembly, in Frc7ich Cloth trimmed with French Lace -, even the Man, that was^ afterwards called by that unconftitutional Name of firlt Mi.iiiler. So great an Averfion did fome feem to have to their native Country, that they could not bear to encourage her Manufadtures. It would be cMuik-fs to mention every Particular of the int'-rnal Advantage, France has over us. I hope to fee all of them let forth, by our moll worthy and rejpedable Body of Merchants, in the great and ne- ccffurv Woik I have, in thefe Sheets, taken the Li- berty to recommend to them ; and which I do now t\->a i^^'.^^^ t\it' t\\ff,\{'^\\ri'c flif'ir ^""(11 inM'U- ana latefc jur ( 6t ) lateft Pofterity. For if the Preliminaries publifhed are true, and a Peace is to be concluded agreeable to them, this Nation, I do verily believe, much within the Space of a Century, will neither be a trading Nation, nor an independant one upon France. Let it fuffice then for the prefcnc, that FraK^e hav- ing almoft every Thing within hericlf, wants litrie or nothing from other Countries, and Aerefore t.iking little oi- nothing from tliem, muft 'e her Returns moftly in Bullion-, and more tfpec.illy^ as her Ex- ports are greatly io Spain, and the Spanijh Weil Iruvcs^ Sind Italy. Befides that flie imports an immenlc Quantity of Bullion in Gold Dufc, for Returns ior Goods fcnt to Jfrica, and in Silver for Negroes fold to New Spain, which Negroes are purchafed with French Manufadures. Whereas Great Britain want- incr many Things for neceffary Ules, particularly in he? Shipping and Manufactures, even Gums, which fhe purchafes of France, as I have been told, and makinc) fewer Manufadhires and confequently vend- incrfevATeri-befides paying vaftlntereft for 30,000,000/. of Debt to Foreigners, and immenfe Sums to Frdiice for Wines and other Things, together with what is fpent thereby Britijh Fools that go thither to collect and import French Follies. Our Imports or Bullion muft be very fmall in Comparilon with thofe ot l-nmc. So that, if we do not intirdy deftroy her 1 radc ni America ^n^Afrua, before we allow her^Peace, [a- mult become much the greater commercial and navai Power, which mult end in the utter Rum ot Ucat Britain. , . 1 1 My Lord and Sirs, 1 have detained you a Ion while, from the ConfKlraiion of the importarit Part of the publiOied Preliminants that re1|uvts la^ ReUitution of Guadaloiipe liii-ly, or tliat ot a..l tac coiKiuered Sugar Illamis. It washrlt irported, that we we:v to nftore Lr.^- .Lihur^r. ro-ethcr with G.re-^. But <'>^^'' dtciwaiu.. 1 2 uy ( 62 ) by the PreHmlnaries divulged m the Evetiin^ Pojl be- fore meiitioned, vvc areintormed, not only Guadaloupe^ but Marr^ahinte^ St Lucia, and Martinko were to be rcftorcd too ; which lail is of the iitmoft Confe- quence to Frcjicc, as it has a ini)(l noble Harbour tor Privateers to lye ready, to pop out and take all our trading Slaps in Time of War, and which miift be of equal Cohfequcnce to Greet Britain^ as the PofTcflion of It \> both a Protection to her U'efi India Trade, and gives^her the jikc Opp;)rtL;nity of ciiftrelTing that of the Frenih-, if tlie ^k\\\x\siF, ance quite out o'i AmC' ric. . fh. uld be To a^^.olutely incomp.iible with the ex- ub rant Ci.arity of )ur mod charitable and merciful Samarituus, that they aie d^tcrn-ined not to do, what is abfolutely necellary, ior the Sccuiicy of the Trade and national Kxillenccof i\v.'\r iiati've Country. I; we recolk-v^l what :.as been faid in the preceding Pages, rel:;-in,. tothe Conlumption ol Sugars, Indi- go, ^c. in the :oreigr; Markers, and the Reafons that ha\e tiu-ov.n th .t protir;ih:c Trade, into the Hands of F'a/ice, we c.-.i'.;:ot bue clearly fee, that (as I early ob- feived) tl;: D..;'. reiXe of reUoring CiLdiUikupe only, cr .11 thL cc qi.cr. d Klands, is ro more than this : If vvc give up that, ic v. ill be a few Years only, before Fra,.,.. .■ ill be able to raile t:^e Quantity of the 80,000 Hog_ni.-aer, of Sugar and c.her Produis taken off by tl-.e toreig Ma. kets. J f wc give the m up all the reft, that are mentioned, they v.ili imnv, diitely ^ngrofs tlic.t v'vhole C. m.rerce, to the very gre.it Z)rtw."^^ of tnis Nation. So that the ivelcitut'ion oi Guadalcupe alone, will only protract, not prevent the Ruin of the ob- ne- Sugar Commerc with Keg,ard i<- this Country, 1 o illutlrate this Truth, it\\id be pre per to iorve, th.t a great r umber of Ilk.nds are not fo ceflary for this Purpole, ar; the Txrent and Fertility of one, eipccial.y if the different J'arts of one Ifland will produce the feveral ('ilferent Sorts of Sugar re- • k Kill ttvi) lu^K ao liiaiiy Other ( 63 ) other Iflands would be requillre as would produce the Icvcral Sorts. Othcrwile the fewer Iflands any N.itioa bath, the berter j it the hinderii.g others fronr takiiij^ Poilt flion of the vacant, in order to k-'cp them out of that Trade, was not an unanlw^rable Argument for keeping all. Becaufe, the national Charge ol for- tifying and garrifoning many muif be iinmenlciy greater, than of one or t vo, Klpedally, as the doing tiiis to each mud be full iufficicnt for the Def( r-e of euh ; and whatever Charge woukl attend any fi.gle llland, the fame would attend every one, unkMs wh^re the Natural Strength of any (kould contribut'' in feme Degree to Icfll'n it. Morj(;vcr, a fingle [,].iiv:l would be impregnable, from the intcrnil Strength i: vv^ould acquire, from the levera! Inhabitants difperkJ over many, being collected into one aggregated Body. If this be true, and kippoih^.j^ Guf.iUiLv.ps to have Soils adapted to the feveral Sp cics of Sugars nquired by the Markets, Guadaloupexs^^ itielf, fLilHcient to raitc both to anf'A'er the foreign Demand and tlic enough, home Confumption of France. It is faii, that not one tenth Part of it is cultivated, an;! wiiat is, pro- duces annu.d.ly 40,000 French Hoglkeads o'l Sugar; wliich may be about 24,000 of Englijlo : So that, if this Ifiar.d was thoroughly improved, it would pro- duce 248,000 Fji^ilijh Hogflieads : which is i6(-',o(ir) more than the foreign Demand, befides Indi^.o ou infomuch that F>\u:£e would have yearly, alter fupply- inc thefcreisn Demand and her home Cwnlum[Jtio,i, a ' reat Surplus upon her Hand>. Mrre')vci-, the French Planters of the other Ii]iiK'.% wxre t.uMe t-; he left in our Fofleirion, flocking to Gw^zJ^^.'pf, •■•(v.d.d in a few Years improve it enough, to aiuwer ;•!! tiie Purpofes of the Mother Country •, and render it t- a Ibong to be rt taken by us. in a future War. li.t ir the Soil of th;-. liland (hould be only adapt d to owt Spciies of Sug.T, why (hould France be complimei.ted with 41 Am ( 64 ) with that Species, which will amount to a prodigious Sum ? What I have faid upon this Ifland Ig In all Refpecfls apjilicable to Hifpaniola. Bui I own, it is not likely, that one Ifland fhould produce all the different Sorts of Sugars required. The French undoubtedly think fo too. And there- fore probably, they infill upon the Reftitutioft of all. And if all is reftored to them, they will be reftored to t.^ Enjoyment of the whole Sugar Trade, and in Confequence of it, of the African Trade likewife. Their Demand is certainly completely impudent. Bl;c who would not alk unreafonably, where he be- lieves nothing thr.t can bj aflccd will be denied ? O, with what Charitable, Companionate and merciful iSamaritam, doch Great Britain abound ? and certainly blcffed are the Peace Makers, The Havamab is, as we arc by the public k News Papers informed, to be reftored to the Spaniards if it Ihall be taken. Since it hath pleafed God to blefs the National Arms with Succel's againft the Havamjab, it will puz- zle all the World, to find out a National Reafon for rcfl:ori;ig to the Spaniard after his unjuft Declaration of War againft us, attended with the moft unwar- "intable Circumftance of Infincerity and Treachery, le back Moor to all his rich Polfeflions in America: >.,peciall) after fo much BritiJJj Blood and Treafure Spent, as tlie tailing that iniportant Place hath coft us. But whoever rcfle -ts (I mean it the publifhed and uncontradicted Pivliivina-ies arc true) on the exube- rant and more than Clir <1iin Charity, Compafllon and Mercy ot our moft charitable, companionate and merciful Sa^nariians towards the French; he will foon fiiveft himfcif of all Surprife, ilnce he cannot bit ib.ink, the Spaniard to tliC lull as deferving as France tif this Samaritan Tenderncfs. cnly 'lLJ-> *rr; r 65 ) only in a fecond Opportunity of exercifing their cha- ritable Difpofitions -, but allb in that, which the Sur- render of the Havannah hath furnilhed them, of de- monflrating to the World, that as they far lurpals the highly applauded Pa^ em of Chari'y in the Gof- pel, lo they no lefs furpafs in the Glory of Ilercifm, the earlietl Warriors of Antiquity -, who invaded their inoffenfiveNcighbours and fpilt //,r/rBlood, and that of ilmroivn Subjects, with no other view, than of acqiiir- iiig the Glory of Conquering: and, contented with vSlory, rcftored their Conqucfts to the Invaded. But what tranl'cending heroic Glory do the y^ublifhed Pre- liminaries promil'", to our more than Chriftian He- roes and Samaritans^ by informing us, that th^y are to rcftore to both cur tranlgrefilng and injurious Ene- mies, whatever we have taken jrom them in Confe- quence of our neceffary Defence ? My Lord and Sirs, I will now lay before you in one View, a Sketch of the Value of the Prefent, faid to be intended, by our generous Conccders to be made to France only. We are then humbly to crave of our defeated, rou- ted, ruined, and firft ggrefTing Enemy, their favou- rable Acceptance of all their hte Sugar IQands ; the Produclis of which, when fold in foreign Markets, are worth to her upwards of 1,400,000/. Sterling per Annum, over and above her own Confumption, that cannot be eftimated at lefs than 200,000/. which fhe mulL buy of us, when we take Hijpaniola : u\ all 1 ,600,000/. And alfo the Right of Fishing for her home Confumption, which cannot be reckoned at lb little as 500,000/. per Annum j all together 2,100,000/. witti (>ne Third at leaff, ofthe belt IS urfery foi Seamen in the World i which they declare they will have to them- Iclves, by dcliring Stages and drying rooms to cure a Commodity, unfit for her own Conrumption,and only iit for the Markets Ihc pretend? to cede to us. Beiides this 2,M.O,ooo/. per Ann. we I'.ive her ut/V.", t'ut yie'.ds iij) to her almolt the whole /llii.a'i i r.ie : /vnu ron- ' iluh:rr\. c CO ) d:chcrr\\ and two other Scltlrments in die Eejl I/l^ h, all toz-crhcr, cannot be much lei's than wiv. .().\O0O / ■O lUl't I irc iay accord ny: to th e re- in It' (.1 i*n liminari( s, vt are to buy at the Price of I1-. :ir ,',ooo,oco/. Staling />ff /^v :U}n^ a fl^.umeful and ci;Ii-( r.our:.b'c Ww::' c.\ v;:nqiiif!ie.i I rii}ic£\ in r.oCon- 0.:ti n to r.ike a flnj^Ie FontoFLuid from us, but by Stealth, nr.ii th.ri-ugh t!-ie Neglii'cnc- ot thole, vvliole Office und Dury it; is to prtvint h/r : As in the CaJc of her late D, Tc: lu v.yon N iv'cundirnd. for which jou^c Body dclerves to be kvercly pu.iiiii'jd. '1 hc!c are net all tie Diiadvanra-:,* s of the pro- mulj^ed Prchminaries •, ior it, by Means ot the Priviie-^c of ereLliiiip; Stai's and drying Roon^s on the \i[x\-\ihoi yt'iv'cUVi'.Iar.d ■inC\ Cnpc SalL\ the French ILould iciover of the* l'"i']i I radc, what they pretend to pive Liji, tlu y wjll pain r.e ir Sco,coo/, more-, \.\\\\\ may fairly be ;uld(d to the- above Sum, as they wiii cerrainly regain ir. livfidc?;. as the hilt- nientioH'^d Kland is fituited in the CVnter of the iV-'u; ETxlfUiii F.llit.ry, for it iiwell i^nown the Ntw Etizl(irid,}ien catch mr-ll (d tlvir J.^'^raloa on ScUe l5a;,k) and veiy rear t fit- 'I'r.ic': rf t!;e Si^.ips bound to />//>>.- and the o:!."" Torts c,f Ntzv E';Jaud^ France will doubtlefs n^uk- F'arts and Settlements on the lad- mentioned Mantl for tl.cSicurity oi hcrShi[)S oi l-'orce, with which Hie will mo*i cei thinly, at lome future Time, endeavoui lO luin the New Enyjnihl Fillu ry, and intercept her Trade : 'I'o prevent which, to pre- tci^t cur Nid'f u>ui'ii);d l-iOieiy, and to watch their Ships in tluir X'oyage b:u h to Efrcpi\ wr mufl be at tlie condant i' xpencc of Iveeping a iar[,e Stjuadron i/f iVKii ot War in thofc Seas. \Vc can never be lecure fiom an. Iiitrri-ourl b( tween our tuture M rs and tliole ot // r ; who, f the former are to be corrupted, will lla cc Kt thfni want a l'cm{.t.ition, to betray their Country. 1 lis Majclty huh indred been pl^alcd maW .-racioully to ulluie u:i liCin Cue lliron,, that his "• lb ait is in- 111 J V ( 6; ) tirely Britiflf, and it is Turely utterly impofTibie, that his Majefty's religious and pious Difpofition, will fufFer him to deviate the leaft Jom from Sinc-f- rity and Truth. What x Thunder- bolt is this to fall in H r! which hath, for nep.r half a Century, been reaping the Fruits of BritiJJj Indudry and Toil, draining us of our Treafure, and fpilling our Blood to aggrandize herfelf — and thereby giving the French favourable Opportunities of Healing our Trade, and raifing terrible Fleets, that would have inevitably aeftroyed this Country, if G^///V Alertnefs, and Im- patience to extinguilh our Name and Nation, could have wiited twenry Years \c -er, till the faither Re- duftion of our Commerce d rendered our naval Force too impotent to have prevcnf^ed cr.r intire Ruin! Therefore, though his " Maje^iy's Heart is iptirely Britijh^** we cannot imagine, that thofe of the H r-M rs can be fo — they are Natives of H r, not of Britain. Happy would it be for us, if we could at any Time fiiy; that i-he Hearts of our M rs are like his Majeily's. But as this BlefTing, if we may judge from pa fi [-ixpcriencc, is not to be expcdled •, we may leafonably apprehenr, that the M rs of the Flecfloraie will not fparingiy fcatter ou" ovoi Specie amongtl t'-sofe of Grcr.t Britaviy in order to fccure that Svftcm of continental Politics, the Advantages of which they only have rc.ped. I fay our oivn Specie, for I believe tlirce Score Ycaf; ago, ihcy had none of their own. A\v-\ if th'* Fmcb liould have fwept their Coffers clean, and reduced ihem to th< ir orij^inal Indif^ence, r.'rher than no: Keep their old Pocket- lillol m Repair, ready to point at our Breads if we lliouid prtfume to obj-.dl to their Iteahng our B^ccaloa, or to any oth^r Breach of fo /;/(? a Treaty, th.y doubtlefs will begrudge no nc- ceniiry F-'x pence. i^o then, according to the uncontrajicl'^d rrclir.i- 1 .irirs { ubiiilied, we are to pay Frcm: dawn in Hand K d» 000,000 ( 68 ) , '00,000'. Sterling pcY Annum for a Peace, with the Nkan'i of acquiring near a i,oco,ooo/. more in the Filliery ; winch wiil put he; in Poffcirion ugam ot th(^ fame greater Share of that prodigious Nurlery of Sea- men, and divtlling us of the v hole in Timc-,—ind hkinviie the Means of depriving us ot the Portugal 1 rade, which has ever been eftimaied at 1,000,000/. Sterhne per Annu.n.' For whenever an Incercourfe is Icttlcd between the Britijh ^nd Eledoral M ries, if fri^nce with Spain fliould attack Fortiigd, we, how- ever cbhiied by Treaty or Intereft, mutt not dare to aflifl her\if able) for Fear— of expofiiig // r to the Refentment of France. O may the heavieft Vencreance in the Seores of Heaven, purfue them who JlialUontribute but afmgle Mite to the Deftrudion of my C Ui.try ' O BrUairi, what will four or five Millions i;ain upon thy Commerce avail thee, if thy lVi__'rs Ihould ever fpend fix Milhons annually mGernuiiy, upon a ilrman Syftem ? Will not the Woi id view ti\ee in the fame ridiculous Light it doth the unw.uy Prodigal, that fuiilrs himfelf to become the Bulblc of fon^.e common Sharper, who, not worth a (.roar, picvs upon the giddy Fuol ot Fortune ? But one C 1 Advocate will tell you, that Gr^fl/ Eril^m muft preferve the Ballancc ot Power in En- r(fe What, can fhe preferve that Ballanceby run- ning out her whole Ellatc, beggaring hcrfclf, and hecomint; a Bankrupt? Can a Spend-thrift, Beggar, .md Bankrupt, be a Mediator in private Difputes, and a C on-.po!er ot Quarrels in private Fam.ilics ? No ^ore can a beggared and bankrupt Nation be a Me- S^vrgr between lar-ing States, and Compoler ot Dif- ferences, or hold the Balli.ue of I'owcr. Another will tell you. that \v'e are bound in Grati- tude to preferve the King's Gtr//W« Dominions •, !or that they .:.; endangered by our /Imcrican Q^iarrel with France. 1 own I do nor eafily conceive, h(-w one State can dr.iw upon iUclt tiic R-vfciitment ni another ( % ) another at War, unlefs (he becomes a Party in the War, or afTifts in fome Shape the Power with which it is at War. In both theie Gafes the Elcdorate is certainly innocent, with Regard to Bn-ain. Her Si- tuation and her Intereft is confined to the Continent. Our Si.uatiun is in the Ocean, and our Incereft is in a ConanuTce extended over the whole Wurld ; wherein llie can have no Right nor any Share, unlefs her Advocates v/ill own that fhe fucks mod of the Fruits of our Merchant's Labours. And as to any AfTillance fhe has given us— I never heard that \\T owe lier any Thanks upon that Account. Indeed Ihe once fent us fome Troops, (who had the Inlolence to rcf'.ife Obedience to our Laws) when we had no Manner of Need of them •, by which Hie aiiVonted the Nation, as it imnlied a ft rong and groundlcfs Sui- nicion of our L.oyJry and Courage ; And for the^ 710 Service of them v/e paid her a very hirge Sum of Money, which m.ghl have been much better em- ployed, and which I heartily wifli wc had kept amongfl: ourfelves i though wc have paid immenfe Sum^'^to the Hejfians, and other petty States, to cover the l.leCtorate in thofe Dangers to which the Ambi- tion of her M rs expofed her. H.T aftrring Views, fome People have b; en frc; cnouj-h to think, have at feveial Times been tl'.e Occafion of tiK' Variety of thofe contiadicttory Tr.M- lies, ihat have been attended with unlLi[)poi tabic \ \~ penccs lo this Country ; and have maiuitlltd 1lic!\ ^[\ iixurjble \a\c \{\ clUuI'I i'erfons, that clilc^ vci\d a fat..l Secret ro I-hiace \ w!i!ch w.s, tli.it her ilmat- cning the Lledorate, would Ihihe iuih a l\rr<:r nuo fonK" Natives of tins Ifiand, as v.ou'id imluer them to pciir.if h-r to pL-y v^hat Piank^ Ihe plealed in Ji,!c- :nu or clf.-whc're. If tlub be lo— tiun it Iren.s preity cieT, that all the Dangr-'S which either (Ik M'/aorare or Oe.-^t Er'tLiin has larely kiK^vn. aie !t> i'f i >id to the l)jur of lliat (Jtrman Province only •, that our K 2 yJuicna.i ( 70 ) American Quarrel is the Confequence of her afpiring Views ; and that her Misfortunes are not the Confer quences of our A'Mn'can Quarrel. And as nothing can, I think, be more evident than this, fo nothino- can more forcibly prove, the abfolute Expediency ol" a national Appl ication to Parliamc iic, to take into Con- fideration the proper Methods, of obtaining a total Seperationof that Eltdorate from Greai Britain; to recal the Br:t:fh Tr )ops from Germany, put a final Stop to continental Meafures, and to turn our whole Strength againd Fnince and Spain in America and upon the Sea ; and not to fheath the Sword before France is driven intirely out of it. My Lord and Sirs, having laid before you the fe- veral Preliminaries, communicated to the Public by the News Papers, with the fatal Cjnfequences to this Country, (fhould they be carried into Execution,) — together with luch Obfjrvations upon them, as have oc'-urrtd to me; it may not be amifs to afk a few <:^J-;Ho^^ to which, I [icheve the Nation is curious CiiOiigh to d.hre diflin.fi: Anfwers; Whither anv N;u:on can have a Right to invade an- other, or any o. its Colonics and PoirefTions, and to buirl.er the People Without Mercy, either by them- khfs ov by iniiuman Savaoes? li any N'atK^n is lo iin]u(lly invaded and injiired has ilu- not a Right, by the Law of Nature, the Law cf Nations, and the Law of God, to d fend herfelf again!!: luch an Enemy and make Reprifils, to keep v:\uA. ihe take's in War to indemnify h'.rfelf for all the Charges of a W.ir entered upon in her jult Defence and to diftrefs tlic AggrefTor fo far as is n'-cefli^ry for !u r onn JuLure Security .md Pt ar- ? _ iLuh not Fr.ince, uitnout the lead Provocation +ioin us, invaded and plu,.dered our Colonic- and PoirelTKnis in America, in Breach of lieaties, and in- humanly butchered our Ecliow Sub'rcls, both bvr ^iicmfcivcs and Indian Saviirituin fur the irnmenle Charges fhe has been at in defending h(^r juft Rights a id' proteding her Subjtdb fn.ni French Violences, and herfelf^from French bhvay ; and why is lo material and neceflary an Article omitted in the Preliminaries ? Can our more than Ciiriftian Samaritans and mofl illuf>rious Heroes, iince the Days of the firll Warri- ors, wliofe Examples they ftem lo clolely to imitate, pKuIuce afingle Inih-.ceirom Hiltory of any Nation, that, after b.'ing in a lefs Degree than we have b-^cn, iinjulUy inv.dedand injurioully treated, reltored the'r ConquHls to the (jHending Party, if {\w. herklf was in ,1 C(Uii!:ri()n to maintain them ; ei]iecially when fuch a kefiituti( n would have enabled her P'.ncmy to have completed her Ruin -, an.i are net we in a Con- dition to ip.ainrain oi r Concjuclls ovtr Frarcc, and to lecure ourrelvv"- f ( r th- future againil the latal EffccHs of her boundlels Ambit; .n ; :\uA nuilL wc not cx- I'ecft all t!.e Calamities cf a conquered People, if w^ ( 72 ) again truft her with thole Weapons which vill im- power her to work our Deftrucftion, and which wc are lure Ihe will employ to that purpole ? Whit National Reafon can be given for making Conceflions toconquered F'^ancc that lb evidently tend to her l-.xaltarion and the Perdition of Great Britain? Is it pcffible for any Briicn in the South or North of this Ifiand, to approve of Conditions fo Ihameful, difhono'jrable, injurious, and fatal to his Native Country ? If any fuch there fhould unhappily be, will he not jufily fiefcrve that levere Juftice which is due to the highell Crimes it is pofilble to commit ; and if a pu- nifhment adequate to the Offence is unknown to our Laws, will not a Law ex poji fatlo be neceflary and warrantable, in order to prevent fuch dangerous Evils for the future, by ftriking a proper Terror into the Hearts of all future M rs ? My Lord and Sirs, we have feen what generous and aflonifhing Concefilons, the Public Papers have made to FranceyZnd what niggardly and difadvantage- ous ones that artful and treacherous C(Hirt, hath made to us. The tormer I have largely treaced, but I can- not difmifs you, without a \Void or two upon the latter. Surely then p-ance, how deficient fuever we take her to be, in the Point of Modcfty, could never have the Inr?pudence, to make fuch inlblent Demands from iiS ; and oHer on her Part lurh n-iean ConcefTions to our C — t. Therefore, il luch Preliminaries are in Agitation, they muil be the i{ ntaneous Oilers of our modern Sjumntaus and Heroes ; who dildain to bf out-done m Charity or Glory by thofe of Antiquity For all fhi' rich and fertile Sugar Plai.tations, wortii 1,400,000 il;riing per /Immm^ conquer- ;1, ruined I'rm^ce is jiraciouny pleafed to reiinqui'li Z) Great Bn- tatn^ Tcl.i;^o and the re!t of the nt'itral IHands, which would coit lier incr:^clib!e i'ams to fettle-, and whiclu \ * '■ rous I ( n ) if fettled, would be of no Ufe to her, fince Francey by underfelling her, would enjoy the foreign Markets. For Gcree^ which, for the Reafons already afligned, will not only put France in PofTjiTion, in a Manner, of the whole Trade Qi Africa, and that of Ke^jo Spain^ but alfo of a Situation, from whence fhe may dif- loJge us: She humbly condefcends to permit Great Britain to retain iVz/f-^^/, that, without Goree^ will be ufelefs to her. For an immediate Right to at leaft One-third of the Newfoundland Fifliery, under the Pretence of (up - plying her Home Confumption, which is worth be- tween 5 and 600, oco/. Sterling per Annum, and for the Liberty of ereding Stages, in order to engrofi the whole Fifti Trade, befides the much more ufcful Privilege of nurfing up immediately 16,400 Seamen ——and the Opportunity of raifing in lime 30,096 Stamen, the Number (he had before the laft War. For thefe Advantages, I fay, France is willing to give up Canada and Loufiana ; neither of which flie can keep, if we otherwife pleafe ; and which is thinly peopled and lcarcecultivated,and to and from whence fix or ten Ships, at moil, are employed. A mig'.ity Concc-fTion this indeed ' and ilich as a wifj and iioni^ll: M — ry would have rejcded with the utmoO: DiiiJaiii. \i dWiho: ^id- Nunc s of the F.ardican produce an Indance of any Nation that, after receiving luch uu- diicious Affronts and Injuries as we ha\c received trom France^ and after having fo gUIantly defuKkd hurfclf and reduced the Tranfiireiror to the loweit Condition, next to Extirpation, put herfelf, wlien a gk)rious C oncjueror, into tlic State of the ronquered, and iubmitted to li'ch Terms of Peace astholL- exhi- bited, I will readily fubtnit to undergo al! ihe Pl:- nilhnicnts due to tliule, who arc lx)ld enout^h to (a- crihce their Country in the moll Ikaineful and dii- gracetiil Manner. led we are at this Div n connuerin^ *.Toa oe pra;leu we are at this IJiy Nation. — ihz n-itional Arman^vrtij co mm .'d h tl. ^flp * ( 74 ) the valiant Earl of Memarle by Land, and die valiant Admiral Pocock by Sea, have given lb effedual a Stab to the Pride of the deceitful ^paniard^ by the Reduc- tion o^ the Havanmih, and the Capture of fo many Spamjk Men of War, that it clearly demonltrates the Facility of the laft Blow, neceiiary to be given to the united Houles of Eourbcn, by the Redudlion of the Ifland of liifpmmla. When this glorious Stroke is ftruck, we IhalJ be in Polk^flion of the whole Sugar Trade, and of the fore and back Doors of all Spamjh Amine a j which will be fuch a Curb to the Kmg of Spain^ as will render his Alliance with tii- French King of fo little Service to him, that it will of Courf^ diflblve that Union botwcen them, which wa^; Lucly alarming to us^ and dangeroiis to all Europe. Then it will be Time, a..d not before, to Iheath the Sword cravvn againll the ^pamjh Monarch, and to make Peace with $pcin. But the lime can never come, when it will be proper to fheath it againft France, who will be ftrong enough ftill to difturb her Neighbours, who, in Point of Commerce, will be no llronger than herfelf; and whom it will always be our Intercft and Glory to pro ted w:rh our Fleets, againft her Injullice, Pijde, and Inlcience ; Ove- her falfe and iniquitous He.J, the proteding and avengino- Sword of Julbce Oiouid ever hang unfheathed.— And what Native foever of Great Bniain fhall take it down, and lay it by to rufl: in '^ Scabbard, at leall before tlic perfidious I'rcnch arc reduced to a total Incapa- city ot doing Miichief, that Native -zy;?/ defer ve to tall by the Ax or die Halter.— \ War agauift Vrance bv Sea, we ibll arc, and always Hiall be, able to car- ry on, exhauited as we arc ; provided we fhake oft cur Shoulders that intolerable Weight, that had well nigh cru/hed us to Death ; and which, it we do not, t^cn tht lui.'e Duke of irdfenauttlc, could he aniafs Money fuifici.nt lo hiouta/fw ilat-buttomM Bon.t% to ( 75 ) ^0 cmbnrk his fe^Ji} Troops, would, in Time, be a Match ior Great Britain, that harh reduced formida- ble France almofl to tlie mean Condition of a G'^rman Trince. Doth it not therefore greatly 43ehove this Nation to rccal her Troops froni Cennany, falling there by Sicknefs, Fire, and Sword, in continental Broils, attended with an L :cpencc of 6,doo,ooo/. Sterling /)tT y/^.vf/;;;, when, if we retain al! our Con- cuefts, we Hiall not receive, upon the Balbnce of our 'i'rade, above 4 or 5,c.oo,ooo/. And if we cannot proceed in the continental Syilem, without running continually in Debt, how lliail we be able to bear up pgainll the Burthen, if we reftore to Fra;ice at once three Millions out of that four or five, with a Chance of foon worming us out of the Rcm:iii-!der ; aChance, attended with fuch a fair ProfpeCt of Succefs, that, but to call it a Chance, carries the Appearance of a down-riglit Abfurdity. Can then any Thing induce our Rivals of tlie cha- ritable and merciful Samaritan, and of the generous Warriors of the tarliea Ages, to pick the Pockets of their own Countrymen of three, perhaps five Millions Sterling per Ami urn ', and thereby (larve all the Mer- chants, Manufadurers Artificers, Shop-keepers, Sea- in;n, Freeholders, Farmers, and Day- Labourers, Jo^editr with all the Nobility and Gentry of this i:nited Kingdom ; and dcliroy'the Navy of Britain, '^nly to enrich and aggrandize Frarice ; the implaca- I'lc I'nemy oi rhis Nation ? No lurely.— Nor can iliey have any national Jie.ilon for it : And if not, ^^'.h.ic Kealon— or rather— what Motive can they ^■H'c, to prompt them to a Meafure pregnant with Ji:eviral)le Perdition to tlu-ir C v)untry ? ^ \\ h'. n, uifh the unanimous \oia.<< of this (in fuch •' C.ii . i.railv iinurcd Nation, they (liaii Itand at fill riil.iinal of the 1 louf.' (,t"j^ords, impeach- fli'.- . _ . . i" /'•• Wi ) P AH liifir Defence, that the Ch.arinv uf Power and 1 arpe SaUr ics C 76 ) Salaries were fo bewitching and irrefiflible, and their Abil!t>s \o inadequate to the arduous Affairs of War, that 'fthey iia/l ni)t m:\oc Peace, they could not have rcti..-,.' eiiier Power or Places. Or will they take olTihe Mifk i'^L^ ('W. that rec-ivin^; from the iVJi- nirtiy 01'/.' -t .-loit melancholy Relation of the diurciicd .\ \ deplorable Situation of the E te, anc liCr dreadful Apprehcnfions of another Vifit from th: ; rc/irli Troops, their tender Hearts melting, could not brar ner Suiferin^s. ' La^ il.dible of the national Inabihticrs to coiicinue the War in Germr.ny^ and, at the ! me Time, to defend our Conquells in America, and ot their own Inabilities to curry on any War a: all, they prtterrtd a Peace with France u^K)n any Con- ditions, to the l.d iSeceinty of expufing // r, and of refiu'ning tiK'ir Power and Plmplovments. S'ieh Plea:, — let them n-;ake if they duril : Neither uill av:ul tiiem \ for if the lad is their Motive, it will i \ the Argument L!{;on a certain Point. For is it fitting, that this great, f)opulous, and commercial Nati'.iU, that railed the M — fe of // r to the Imperial 'Ihrone of thefe Realms, to Iccuieall her Rights and Privileges, and to promote her Intereit and Glory, lliould, contrary to the true Meanino- and Spirit of the Ad of Settlement, give to France^ for the Security of // r, the felfifh Views of whole M rs have drawn lb many Misfortunes '. upon us, aiul expofed us to the greatcfl Dangers, three Millions Sterling per Anmim^ perhaps five Mil- lion;- i together with the great iNurlery of our naval Strength ? Upon this lingle Point then I rell the Argu.iicnt. And do you yourielvcs then judge, whe- ther, if this really or probably is the Cafe, an Appli- cation to the L.egillature, to take proper Mealures to obtihn atotal Separation of the 6>;;;7^// Dominions will not be abfjluteiy neccfTary, fur ilij future Secu- rity of this ifland. ( n ) ^0 not my dear and worthy old Fri-nd^ and Mail- ers, yet delpalr, the' you Ihould heav F -Kcb G^/ld Chink, and French Chains and Fett.rs rati), all ;'.- round you. — God hath often, very ortcn in .i ni'>ll- iincxi)eaed and wonderlul Manner, dt-iivercd f^'l Er^lami^ threatened with Del>rudion, from the wj> k d Machinations of evil Councellors and toreign Ln*- mies. Let Etirltjhmen and all Britons then trufl in Gcd, their hitherto conftant Fiottclor; and let them not bt wanting to themfelves in an inactive ai^l fru'tlds Dcf- pondency. A proper Exertion of the legal and con- llitutional Weapons, w\\\q\\ his good Providence, and the Virtues of our Fore-fathers have put in our Hands, may, and I doubt not will liiil lave this fink- ing Land. Befides, the Aft of Settlement, vxhich is a parti- cular Compad between Grcut Bntain and the x loule of // r\ w>- have the Bill of Rights which i:, a Renewal of the ancient, original, Saxon Compact be- tween Old Enghind and her Kmgs, conftrmed and en- forced thereby. This powerful Weapon, in the Hands of free-born BnUm, hath remov;.d all Ob;ta- cles in the Peoples Way to the Th- v: •, and gives them an Approach to the Roya. Far. So that if they are not negligent of t»eir own Inttreft, and Happinefs, and willing to be undon:. they may lay all their Grcivances betoie their Princes, reprefeut the State of Things and the Mifcondud ot Mimfcrs and pray for Ktdrefs and for the R-^n.oval ot Lvii Councellors. I'he Doors of both Houlescf Parliament alio are, from the Nature of our iiappy ConiFitution, ever o- pen to the Petitions of tl;e People, and the Pars of the Members ever attentive to !:,eir Complaints: and whenever the People Mnnk fit to appiy to tt.em lor Re- drefs of Grievances, or the FunilbnuMTt ol evil Ccun- ceiiois, tuerc L.ii! o\: iiu i/w^.oi, oi-.w m^i* ^.^,^..-.1.1 L 2 o.i ( 7S ) ^ns Vffill be fiivourably received, and their Expc(fVati- ons fully Gtrbficu-,—-ven, tho' throus^li a Deficiency uf tlie Laws or Artifices uled to cv. ac ihc tbrce of rhem, Uclinq.icnis may be lb protc'tcd trom adequate Puriirhmcnts. that the People may be driven to the Necefilty of prayin^^ for a Law ex pojt Fucio, to reach them. An humble and early Approach to the Throne, may otten prc^vent national Misioi runes, efpecially fuch as ar.' likely to happen in the Intervals of the Parliaments Sittings, when it is impoffiblr to apply to their own Repreientatives, and implore the Protection of either LIou I' of Parliament. Whether theprefent Crifis is a-fealbnable Time for the Exertion of fuch Rights and Privileges you yourlelves are the beft Judges. I have, my Lord and Sirs, gone through all the Pr. liminaries of a Peace, which the hitherto uncon- tradicted News Parsers, have been pleafed to alarm the N tion v;ith ; txccpt that, which relates to the exvi.^ngf of Mifio.c'i for BeUeifw. — I believe you will not think it mcciTary, to fiy any tb.ing more upon this Head, than, that if th.' other Preliminaries are true, bwt :hjle Places will be eqUcdly ufelefs to us, (Incf we ihill f^on have ncitiier Commerce nor Fleets. And, my Lord and Sirs, I dare lay You will think it full 1 ime to lelccfe yc u, and lay down my Pen. Bu yet I crave your Patience for a fhort Word more. Nothing, heiiLve me, could have engaged me in this lon^^ lafk. but my L'.jvc to my Country, and ir V _uv: anu Gratit>.d to the City of London, whofe Dan-i^e.s I Ice in the- Li. L.t I have let them in to the Pcbtic. In thele Sheets I hnvc delivered nothing but vvh.ii I really b. l.cve to be !''aL;t, or any Sentiment, but what ex icdy correfponus with my Heart. And in laying tli^Ic tilings before }OU and my Country, I h.ivc nc/L, nor can have any otlicr View, than the Good and P.wfpcrity of my Fellow -Citizens and Fel- low- c '9 ; low-Subjefls. I flatter nyfclf with a full Pcr!uafion, that yoLi think I ferved you, in the Vigour of my Lite trithfuily, honcftly, and :\zh the Spirit oi an Engli/hmnyt, however rnqu.".l jd I might be in the Point of Abilities, to ' -■; you as 1 wiflied. if therefore I am not mi... n this Perfuafion, I may reafonably hope, for the C'-.itinu.ince of your former Confidence in your Ola ''- int, now I am far advan- ced in Years, and arrived ac a Time o^' Life, when I ought daily to exped my cail hence. And certainly it is now much too late to rum Villain, when I fee Old Time aiming his Scythe at m?, and unrclencino- Death looking me full in the Face, and pointing to my Tomb. Thefe, believe me, my good and Wor- thy old Friends and Mafters, are no frightful Spectres, nor unpleafant Refled:ions to your Old Servant, who at the fame time that he indulges thefe Ideas, can lay his Hand upon his Heart, and fay, with Truth, I never betray'd my Truft — nor fold my Country. Ma/ Almighty God deliver this Nation from her prefent Fears; May true Religion and unfullied Vir«-ue abound, and Liberty and Commerce f]ourifh throughout this Ifland. — Parliaments remain uncor- rupt, and Wifdorn, Juftice, and Goodncfs grace the 1 hrone of thefe Realms •, — and may the choicefc B! nings in Uie Stores of Heaven, fall in plenteous Showers upon the City oX London for evermore. Thefe ar' \^v lincere and mod hearty Wifhes •, and I pray God grant them. --Years render Travelling unplea- fant: 1 (hall fcarcefee my Old Conflituents any mor--, ai,d the .fore I now take my lad leave of you, May I hope that the prefent Inhabitants of London will, when I am laid in my Grave, remember they once had a Servant, who bore the Name of GEORGE HE^VTIiCOTE. Farewel, — Farewel. J-IcnfciKcI, Oileher 6j 176a, POST. ( So ) POSTSCRIPT. N. B. Since I fentthis Lettc. to the i'ler?. I have been ^r\\ informed, that all my Computations are much too low in Favour ot france -, particuLrly my C(jn^putation of 200.000/. per Annum for her Pro- ducts of Indigo, Cotton, Coffee, Pimento, i^c. are much too low i that they amount at leall to 500,000/. fer /imnim, whirh makes ihe Profit anfing to France ^co,OG(/. per Annwn more than I have made it. Ihis i^ifference will turn in bavour oi France the Ballance of 269,162 /. dated before in our Favour, jpon a Suppotition of reftonnfi tne French Sugar Iflands, and'pttmittinfr the French only to lupply their Home Ccr.tumptionof Fifh, to which it we add the Value of the /Ifr.can I rade by the Reftitution of Gom% and a Share of the Eajl [maTrAdt by thjitof Pcndtche'^ry, 1 verily believe the JBillance in flavour of France a- painR (^r^at Britant will not be much lets than oneMii- Jion Sterling, exclufive of a Bailance in Favour of the foriner upon tb^ f^^'^^i" 'l^-'^^-e ot Europe, which 1 fear is the Cafe. All thcte 'I'radcs mull be efteeni- td fo many Nurferies for Seamen, tending to the Ad- vancement ()ftheFr(V/f/2 naval Po-er^ and '"hen ad- ded to One- third ol the /Imcrican Filliery only, mufl: furnifh F-nntc with more Seamen than the Remainder of our Trade can do. France thus increafipg both ia Riches a Million more thd.n Creaf Bri/ain p., ■ Jnnum, and alio proportionably in naval I'ower, can this Na- tion pofiibly long refill her Ffibrts to dellroy her ? If it cannot long rifi— how foon mud it become the Prey of I'rancr, when france has recovered the iame Share ot the Filh.'ry ihe ha 1 before the \Var, whicli added, will put he>- m l^ofilffion of ] or 4,000,000/. per Annum, whilll Crcal Britain will i)e reduced 10 her Tobacco, Rice, and Imall Kemainder ..♦' t\\r FilVifTv, all whicli tuLiether will not exeeed 1,200,000/. ( 8i ) ,,23o,ooo/. per Annum? Let our wife Politicians ponder thefe Things, and tremble. Altliougli I could have enlianced the prefent, faid to be intended for the favourable Acceptance of our ever perfidious Enemy fome Millions, 1 chufe rather that the Judgments of Mankind (lioukl be at prefent formed upon the v^ery moderate Computation in rlie forcgoinj.,; I .etter. as tiiat is fufficient to prove the in- tire Deltruction of tiiis Country, if a Peace Ihould be concluded upon the Preliminaries reported •, etpe- cially as the Merchants, if they pleafe to ftate fucli an Account as I ha\'e taken the Liberty to reconunrnd, vi!l do it witli an Lxactnels, tb.ac rlu- b'nentis of Irance and // r will not be able to contradict it. I chofe to treat the Subjvift of the Filhery in the j^receding Pages, upon the hitter Rejiort Iprcad that the French were only to tilh for their HomeConiump- tion, as the moft favourable to our excdlcnt and wife Adminiftration, and, perhaps, given out by them to abate the Rdentment of the Nation for the preient. Remember, my old Friends and Mailers, that no Nation can luiflibly exilt long v*hen it relaxes Jullice, which you need not fear to obtain, through the Vigi- lance and Integrity of a Bnt:Jh Parliament -, and fliould you ever have Occafion to bring Miniflers to Juilice uhillt Mr. Pitt lives — let me recommend to you fuch a Confidence in that tru;. Patriot, as will prevent all Sutpicion of his Lidelity. If he ihould judge it proper to torm any Conneclions w;th old Oftliuiers — that pofiibly may be a very necelfary Step — whom, if they heartily concur \:\ bringing new Ones to jiillice, 1 ho^x.-, upon fuch CoiKJitions, ai.d upon fuch Conditions only, you will i ;!give and for- get their pall Pauils. licreford, UU. ib, 1762. n i' 1- 1. IN ( S3 APPENDIX. The Britilh Merchant,/r:;« P. 2S4 fs P. 296. /'c/. II. VT that I mav not h. miiiir.cUrllood, ns if I wfire j/ieading for the Z\v/t/y ; tor vvhtTcinfo- cvtT they arc ciii' J\r-als in Trade, they arc aiarded againll. But I am lliewing, w^ ought to be more jejlous of ti:c /-nv/i/i, vviio arc more our Rivals in Trade. And, in ord.r to d' tins, i Ihall Ihew the ivlinr.loy^ Partiality bv reprelcntin:J: i r.ide •, aiid adiiiiig to the -\/t7Y••.<, IliJP.' 1 !." j !' c i t\Tt fi \ til r- I he ( 83 ) the Dutch have beaten us out of the Whale Fiihin'r, He has f;;rgot, that the French have a very great Filhery of that Kind -, but it did not ferve his Pur- pofe, to fay any Thing of the French White Fifnery : That would have made againft his good Friends ; and therefore was to be paffed over in Silence. Nor- withftanding, the French Fifhermen of .SV. John de Luze^ Baycfine, and other Ports in that Part of the Bay of Bijcay, are the mofl- expert MarpODners in the World, without excepting the Dutch and Hamlna-jji^ ers. Whether the Akrcator knew this or no, tlie French know it ; and therefore took Care, by the late Treaty of Commerce, to have the i'rouucc of Whal; s excepted, (not againft us, lays the Mercntor^ but) againft the Dutch. 'Tis a Sign they ti.ink tiieir own Fifheiy fuffic'-nt, at leaft, to fupply themlelvcs wna the Produce of Whales, without being behoUlen tith.-r to the Dutch or Englijii. 'ihe Dutch then are not the only Nation, that have wormed us out of this Trade ; the French have done it toe, to the vail Increalj of their Navigation and Seamen. Biu the 7'W;r.'/^ have notonl\ increafeci in the Whuk' Fifliery, but, v/hicli is of iiuiLJimore Conlequencc to us, tiiey have exceedingly incieafcd their liDierv ro Ntivfcunr'Uind^ as well on the Conft, as on the greac Bank, 'i iie Conk•t]uence^ of ihis Iricreafe of c'lcir Pifiitry, v.e have, to ou- Sorrow, coo Icnlib'v fit; and yet iht\ have found Advocates for ir, whoa;: ready to anlwer, when any I hing is reprefcnted a- guinft gianting the I, ■ . imj l.ib-rty of l^ifiery, \N'ha( ' nntil the tr'nch have nothing ? So very kind are fomc IVilons ro them, that they arc ai.";rv wuh their i''eil)w-Subi' . j, lor endeavouring to cxclm;- iliem that 1-ilhery. I he Frmchdo not only iilli on the great Banks of Ncwfcundlami for fuch Filh as is lureti without cirying, as the Lutch do in their Whiic Herring I-'ilhery in the open Sra j but have Iiad ihe Auuicis I'j ouuin, ihal iiic iiiand tj| C(.pc Hrr.'on M fi. Ui ( U ) (liould be vielJecl up to ihem, to fortify »nd dowkit Tn i; all • uh: Where they rmy, »nu doubtlels i! , r.ake another D.„hrk ; and where they rruy cany on tlreirrhy Frllrery, as well as a. Phamm. We hav^ an iXcoHMU, that they have fonre l.me ago rent Men of War to fortify Op^' Brelon; but, a> rt 'Is ^vL r.ot l'r,v,!e.e enough for then., they av= obtahred that, in tlre finrrng Sea on l,ey .nay .e ,-.,„ to the very Iflar.d ot Ne.fc,f^«d'^M, and ere.l Sn.-es ij< locure and dry the.r l-.lli at. 1 is a ?,„r. they think this Liher'y fullicient tor them ; lor thiv have excepted againlt all this Sort ot l-.fl., but .hit (Iran be i,^ BarrMs, by the lute Ireaty o Con - mere.-. The Menalor cannot be lo ignorant as t ^ p.ofe N...Jc.mj:.na Fill., a.id elpec.ally the dry M. can be carried to Fr.>:ce in Barrels, but a foeh an i;icreale of the Coll, as ll.all re, der ^^^ practicable in that Country, ;nou;ih the Duties there 3.VC lufficitnt lo do this. , , Bur this .snot.lU the World .s well amended v.\ih ihc Fre.Ju lii.ce tlie Time thatthcy paKU n- butc torthel.ibrty ol' curuvz and ^ O'^n^ Hl>^ '^^ ISe'^faimhvd, wh.uh was |;r:uuc-d to incm b; Km C/i.alK iMril, in the tenth Year ot V-s Ke>^ . A. thisprdnt rh. / ;vray no 1 r but , but, bv their Na-h.bourliood at UpcBrcicn, r j i lioeus'to k.-r i"«^- ^'^"■''^^'^'' '^^ AYuyc««./:^;r^> it v^wili prevent our b.ing t^"?^'^^^,^'^^'^ •,;!^^ thev will have the Libciiy ot th. hfliin- Sealon, equally with us. from Cape tem^/.' northward to the northern Point ot the iaid UUnd, ^c by which Situation they will be our K.vaK in another Branch of our •• ithery, that of Salmon, bor at the la. b. . oi Ur.avula, which is to iheNc thward ot the Cape, .„,! rK.r,Knr.wirh:n their Limits, is ancxtraordmarj oiUuavula, which is to lhe^( tnwaru oi u.c y^-^: and therefore whhm their Limits, is an cxtraordmary roci F.llierv of :.alnion. But this fomc wile l-ollo ^nc w nothing of. I lad the late King /a- n7/^«^ g.ar.; A .iw. n.uhu.. )ur Safety, as detrimental to our Commerce: And I cannot but tlSnk, that, notwith- IbndinLr the Intercft the French had in t'ne Court ot E^i^land, by Means of the French Match they would hardly without this Iteming \dvaatar/, have obtain- ed Leave to cure and dry their Filh upon the v.ry llland of Ne-u'fcrmluind il!eh> whatever Leave might have been granted th-in o'l filhing upon the^ great Banks thereof; whuhare us nnui. -he Dependencies c;f ihatFluul, as tho Coalls and Bank^, where tlie J)HU/i hih for lierringsotf ScuLandy and die Noidi Parts of Fn^land, are belonging to Cireat Britain •, nnd for wi,i/ti there ua. the fame Reafon to mfill on ii Iniiv to b } iul by i.H iremh.. though th y Ihou.d never let then loot upon ihe Illmd, as tiiere was tor dematuiing it of th.e Du:Ji lor wh it th s eaught here 4,. ^„ ^5t;4. — Lverv Body mull atkr.owlcoge, la )■ ft* • \\\ iifi' ( 86 ; that it WIS extremely the Intereft of T^rance,^ to fiib- i-nic to p.tv five per Cent, upon all the Fifh, they ciii'^htand drved at Newfoundland', that they might j-curc tothemlelves the Advantage oMuch a Nurfery of Seamen. l- t- j They are now fo much cur Rivais in this x rade, £nd are incr^^afcd to fuch a prodigious Degree, thac tr.ey employ yearly trom St. Mdo. Crnnvil.e, Rcchelle, St Mar.'iiis, Ifle ot A't^, Ba^onm, St. Jean de Liize S:kur, iifc. to carry on mcir Fifliery on the Great Banks or' Mt-jofcuvJland, and on the Coalls et that Island i that i<, in their Wet and Dry FiOi, upwards (.' f(;ur hundred Sail of Ships; They do not only now f'jprb' tiie'.r.lelves with the Fi'.li, they iormeriy had t,-on/u? \ butfurnilh many pirts ot Spain,^ and Italy tl^trrwich •. r.iid riv..l us rhi re to our prodigious Lof?. 'Huy li:ive the propf-icll Sort of Salt cf their own, whi.'b rendu- thrir \'(jyages much ihortcr than ours. For v\c ar- (,'bl;grd H) ;;o horn henc to Rcckd'e Ollc- nn, St. ^;^.;.>?fer. ro ft. h that Commodity, which th(7 have at th;-i: o vn l)(.-rs •, and^ th reby we moil •rcq^entlv tpend a M 'iu'i or fix W.ci.i more in our Vv)ya[^es than thcv do. They are U> extremely fenfible of th? prodigious Advantai^e ot this FiIh^•ry, and io very intent upon purfuiniA it, t^--- f''-'"-^ ^'^^''* ^'^ Attempts to make th:-m!llve-s cunfiderib't' at Sea, they have had it per- petually in \iew. — Tii'-y firfl obtained leave to hlh upon payinii; a j)rty of s'f-'r Cent, afterward'-, they got that A^know..dgim'mt\eiinquinied: But they have lately gone much turtlvr : tor in the prcient Treaty thev have procured a CLlTion to be midc to them ot tlie'inar.dof Gipc Bretr:, a maiden I'lfhery, that iia<; fearce ever been touched: whereas Neiv^cun.knd it; almull cxhaufted, andalfoleveral lilantls in the Gulph ot Si. La-wrenci' And nut content with that, they have further obtained a Liberty of curing and drying tl.cir li.'hi fctting up Suagesi and refoiii-.^ to cH'R I (land ( 8; ) Ifland cf Neivfnundland, during all the Time that it is of any Ufe to refort thither-, that is, during rhe Fi/hing Seafon. They are, indeed, to deliver us up the Pofll'jfTion of Placentia, and fome other places in Newfoundland: hut then they have taken care to have a better Place yielded to them, in lieu thereof; with this extraordinary Favour to them more than to us, that they have the Liberty granted them to frequent Our Ifland of Newftnndland, and ere(ft Staores, i£c. thereon, for curing and drying their Fifh ; but we have not the Privilege alkowcd us of doing the fame on any of rheir Iflands, or on the Ifland of C fe Bre- ton-, which tliey hive exprefs Permifi'ion granted them to fortify as they pleaf.^ Thus they are our Rivals in the Fishery by our own Confent -, which is the more wonderful, in that it is owing to this Filliery, that they dared to contend for the Maftery at S.-a witii the Maritime Strength oi £??;^'fiWand llclhrJ. united. 'Tis true, the EnviiJJj and Dutch are mod frequently called the Maritime Powers ; but I think it a Jell to appropriate the Name of Maritime Powers to Great Britain and HoILvid^ exclufr/e of France, when we confider what a Figure that Nation made at Sea, be- fore the Battle of La Hcgu: in 1692. Can we thea think, that a few Years of Peace, with fuch a Fifhery, and fuch Conditions of Commerce, as were to be granted r(» Irance by the late Treaty, will not then eiia!)lc h' r to contend again with our united Fl'.ets? i h.' I il i'.iy, both of France \m(\ England^ will fhcvr you, that it IS fince thc-ir proLurin' Leave to fifh at N. .v'oun^limd, that they hav«^ grown folormidable ac •S'M i and that thtir Navy Ro.ts and Harbours :i^,;, .1. Coafl of N.Ui;ouudlar:J. I Ih all give nyielf the Honour to acquaint you with Mon- iVuMiet..- the Duke JV/..;.«/'s Anlwer I agree vviThYou, Sir, that the Cotintryot.^5..r-^^^^ luner vervmueh, Ow.id they be deprived otthur Liberty oVcarry.n- on their bilbery ot Dry Llh; .. And you will be netfuaded of the Attention 1 have - 10 niocure to the Merchants, that d.ive this Com- - mrrce, the Means to mc thar^ tfiji. when 1 *^ have informed you, that the KMiglenttrom Rcch- ^^ ford, in the Month of May UU, -n^;^;'"'^^^^";;; - l;o and hy tiic iirlt foundation of an ^^^^^^ - MoHC Abundant, th.n at the '^V^ " , J • 1 k 4w ti. 1 1 ( 89 ) *« fowiuiland ; and where one may ntnkg lli^ Filh, and " manage the drying thereof enfily. This Fri<^Ate ar- " lived 'June ib at I'lacentia, iiom whi^nce Ihe was " to continue her Courfe tor Caps Breton -, towliich " Place 1 have caufed to be tranfported loo Men, «' to begin the Settlement. His IVliij.^ly will lend, in the^ Beginning ot the Year, three Ships to trani- p )rt thither the Garriibn of /'Air^w//^, and the In- habitants of the IHand oi Neicfoundland; and to put the hill Hand to the Eitablilliment of that Port. 1 he Merchants of this Kingdom may then lend all fuch Ships as they Ihall think fit to order tor the filhrng of dry Fifh, and for the Oils that are made from the Filli on the laid Illand. This Fa- vour oui^ht to animate the Merchants that drive this Commerce, to carry it on withVigour, from the Advantage they v;ill draw from it. This is all 1 have been able to do in their Favour. 1 dcfire you to be perfuaded of tlie great Sincerity where- '' with I have the Honour to be — ." From this T etter, 'tis plain the French never intend- ed to quit the Fuhery of dry Cod •, and that tney have very much at Fltart the rivalling us thercui. That, to fecure themfelves againR any Accident, they were careful to lend a Man of War in the Month ofM^y, 171 j, which was wiihin a little Fime alter the fio'ning the Ireatythe nth of .//r/V before, and )iad f?nt 100 Men to lay the firlt Fou.ulations ot t'n-r Fortifications at Cape Breton ; and further allure tlie Duke, diat three other S'nii^s Ihould be lent the Begin- ning of this Year, to tranlport the Garriion ot P/jz- re>!!u! thither, and put the laft I land to the rJhib- lilliment of that Port -, which, no Doubt, they will effect, before they deliver up Placnina : Not nvjch unlike what they are doir.g under our Noie-^, '^'t r, ^new l^)lt at Mardxkc, bdore they fill up the c/J •ne at Dunkirk, ^ . Another .( if. (C ti n, n. <( 4( ti ( 90 ) Another Thing obfervab'e from this Letter is, that the French are no-w I'o fcwguine as no*- to content them- fclves with the CelTion^of Cape Breton, and other IQands thereabouts ; or with the Liberty of ereding Sta,«;es, Isc. to cure and dry their Fifh, from Cape hcnavlfia Northward, and fo on to Point Riche, on the wcftern Side ; but are afking new Favours, and demand a PermifTion to Placcntia this Year, Calthough the Time agreed for dehvering that^ Place has been long fince expired) and fue for a Liberty to make their Fi(h in all the Forts and Flarbours upon the Coafts oi' Neivfoiindland : Which, though I make no Doubt but was denied them •, yet I am amazed, that it fht-uld ever enter into their Heads, fo much as to attempt. Sure they think we can deny them nothing 1 .V