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Las cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent etre filmte i des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul cliche, ii est filmd d partir da Tangle sup^rieur gauche, de gauche ^ droite. at de haut en bas. en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 4 5 6 MICROCOHY RESOLUTION TEST CHART (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) LO I.! 1.25 1^ 12.8 12.5 |w = 11111== Kfi IK 2.2 ■ 63 t IIIM ^ m 2.0 •* u tUU.L 1.8 1.4 1.6 M ■^jED_ IM.^GE inc -Tat Main Street i>j- "'Ster. New York 14609 USA (716; 482 - 0300 - Pho'ie (716) ?88- 5989 - Fax 'MMmMS iimm 'iV ."F *-yiF. ■«.< .i^ Rev. Mr. Fosliay's Late fasfcral ■ \i BAPTr^T citJKCHES OF P. E. FSLAND. BY J. B/gaY. ^rarch the ^crijjtnrts— Jcsu'c,. ^EVIE\ i OP THE Rev. Mr. Foshay's Late Pastoral TO THE BAPTIST CHURCHES OF P. E. ISLAND. -i9-08 nVx^n^V^^- Thurning. -hiPP-g^^^^^^^^^ to sit and grm lander^^ ^^^ ^ do is, lil^e Bunyau s om K unsparing. *^°V Iw defame our per- tent. Butof \^^«t,;?;j Sn neglected to not -^^^^^^^ tears no oPPor^mty ^^^ principles ^eto^e ^ P ^^ . ^^a --'^"ndr'Si'cr^^^^ atUicted our contempt, J^^ ridj the two greatest bir,otry and ntoie ^^pant. ^ satisfy ^.eapou without a Wt,. .„t hi. work will ridicule his grammar ^^^ coj^P ^^ .^.^Id beg m , ^ ' .^c to lluches onehour m - fe^.^^^ ^^^^ ^^'°-^^,°lrdSt -ould be best Sat should any of thtm CO ^^^^j^r^th and jus^^^^ grammar and ^atm their attention,that he ^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^JrchLity they can, tXserved by tal^^ng as ^tt^e ^^^^^^ ^^ t^^^ possible,that reflections on the au // ^^ 13 1. It - I PREFACE. In exculpation the soverUv nt th., ..u roHpect, ho nuRh rr JetH If- ^he bounds of proprlety\ counterpart in h L n entioL 17V- ""''T"' '"^" ^'^^ "'I TU.n. L a Pialn/^n; : Saga r : n^^ot r .'"'? ^" ^^^^^4 or ridicule. ^ ' '" "°' ^° nJander, misreprl SiKiNo Park, BY THE AUTlI0ir> V \ Review of Rev. Mr. Foshay's Pastoral to the Baptist Churches. / \ .X. T. P^^r^'?] ^? ^^"^ ^^V^'^^^ ClHirches of this Islan.], hy thcKev Mr. toshay, severely r.'Hecting on the character and po.sition of a largo and intelligent class of Christians, here and elsewhere, having been lately placed before the puh ic, through the medium of the press, and as tlie pro- prietors ot our local newspapers have peremptorily refused to admit any reply or defence into their colunms, as we possess no other available resource we have very reluctantly considering our humble and illiterate position, decide. I to publish a cursory review of the matter contained in the saifl pastoral, and institute an enquiry respectin*^ the validity ot the charges therein contained. We think ft will be admitted that if the author had ransacked his vocab- ulary tor epithets the most derogatory, he could have selected nothing worse. He says he wishes it to be distmcU^ understood that every one who denies the doc- trine ot Eternal Punishment is in had company. Bold in stn, n^mcrupulow^ blasphemer of the name of God and the worst people of the loorst class to he found in the world. Let it be noted that he would have it distinctly understood that every one &c. This will apply to every individual who in his inner consciousness denies the dogma of eternal punishment Because whether the doubt be latent or openly expressed, the moral effect must be the same. Now, wo will in the hrst place proceed to inquire who these parties are that are thus so unscrupulously maligned. The fact is noto- rious that a large majority of theGerman people,includinothe most profound scholars to be found in the world many of whom are clergymen whose reputation as critical commenta- tors is world-wide, openly repudiate the doctrine of efer^ nal pumshment for the last half century. In England a lar^e 6 A REVIEW OF THE number of the best scholars among the Anglican and other denommations, with all their numerous adherents boldly and outspokenly deny the dogma. In Scotland the latent religious element has lately become aroused and many of the most mtelligent class are found in sympathy with the sentiments of the Rev. David McRae. In Holland about, one half the population are found in dissent. It is true that in the Southern part of the United states we do not find much open expression of liberal sentiment. But among the more intelligent portions of the Western and New England States liberal opinions on religious subjects are fast becoming predominant. There tne great Congregational Church is now being agitated from centre to circumference on this important subject, and many of the most profound scholars among the clergy of ail parties openly repudiate the doctrine of unceasing torture as unscriptural and unreasonable. The Rev. Mr. McDonnell, of Toronto, is but a representative of many thousands of good and sincere christians, even in this Dominion, who, either openly or in their inner-conscious- ness, protest against it. We might also include in our list the numerous and noble phalanx of scientific men in all parts of the world— the most unbiassed and laborious seekers for truth both in nature and revelation. We know that science Ignores the existence of hell and chemistry finds better uses. tor sulphur. Still the whole aggregated concourse above enumerated, who are at present found in the foremost ranks laboring to dissipate ignorance, intolerance, supersti- tion and bigotry~the greatest evils with which humanity has ever been afflicted— from the world, and the most intelligent and successful seekers for reform in all the departments of temperance and slavery, and all civil and moral reforms, are included in the author's superlatively wicked and immoral list. But is it not. I ask, a motive for devout gratitude to our Father in Heaven that he has raised up such a noble army to stem the tide of supersti- tion, intolerance and clei'ical domination with which our Christendom has in previous times been overspread ? Is it notclearly demonstrated that it is to the independent miuds, who m former times have sacrificed their lives and liberties in opposing the powerful combinations of superstition and REV. MR. FOSHAY'S PASTORAL. 7 intolerence, that we are indebted for the inestimable bless- ing of having our lot in a free land, and under civil institutions which guarantee religious toleration to all without distinction ? The time is not very remote when no one dare, at the peril of life and liberty, to dissent from the orthodox standard. The mania of witchcraft was rampant, and numerous holocausts of innocent men, women and children were immolated at the homble shrine. To dissent from the clergy was to be burned at the stake, and the only basis for these atrocities is to be found in the inculcation of the twin doctrines among the laity of a personal devil and a literal hell. The memory of these times is cause of sincere thankfulness that we are at last delivered from this terrible scourge. Prejudice has lately tried the experiment of collecting statistics respecting the moral status of the different religious sects, and find to their chagrin that liberal Christianity falls far below a proportionate representation m the goals and penitentiaries. We make no Pharisaic pretensions to superior piety or morals. With St. Pau' 'e inculcate that without charity, or love, all our pretensions to the special favor of heaven are as sounding brass and tinkling cymbals. But truth and self-defence is our war- rant for asking of the author of the pastoral from what class have the ranks of the most notorious criminals, forgers, and defaulters, who have robbed the widow and fatherless and caused so much misery in Europe and the United States for the last few years been recruited. We will leave him to his own reflections to settle the matter with himself, and proceed to seek for a truthful explana- tion of some of the texts he has quoted to sustain his position and the doctrine of eternal punishment. And first we note Matthew xxv : 46—" And these shall go away into everlasting punishment, but the righteous into°life eternal." There is not a passage in the Bible that is more frequently quoted or more confidently relied on to prove the doctrine of endless punishment than this. We suppose that if the believers in the doctrine can be satisfied that it is not taught in this text, they will be willing to concede that it is not taught in the bible. It forms the conclusion of the parable of the sheep and the goats, the first question to 8 A REVIEW OF THE be decided IS, does tliis parable have any relation to the cmieevm of another wovtdl If this question is answered in the affirmative then the following inferences are plain and undeniable: 1st that Calvinism or the doctrine of election and reprobation is false. It is not said to those on the right hand, Come ye blessed of My Father, inherit the Kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the wor d ; for God out of his mere good pleasure, was pleased to elect yoy^ to the enjoyment of his favor, and everlasting lite. Nor is it said to those on the left hand, " Depart from me ye cursed, etc., for God was pleased to pass you by, and foreordain you to everlasting wrath." No • those on the riaht hand were placed there because thelv ivorhs had been good, and those on the left because their works had been had 2nd. It is equally undeniable that mankind are not to be admitted into Heaven because they have exercised faith m the gospel while on earth. Nor because they have been born again. 3rd. Mankind are not to be saved by Grcwe nor is immortality and endless enjoyment m a future state the gift of God, but these things are con- ten i as the reward of merit. Note the successive questions and answers. Hence it is plain that if this parable is to bo applied to future judgment, and the concerns of another world, it overthrows the whole scheme o± gospel grace, and converts that which is the free qift of God, not of works, lest any man should boast," iito a 7eward, which is an equivalent for our good works. But that this parable has no relation to the concerns of another T^"" o/I^'^''^''\l^r'' ^^^ following considerations : 1st- J.he 24th and ^oth chapters of Matthew evidently form one continued discourse which was delivered by our Lord m answer to a question put to him by his disciples in 'fit 7 ^\ti;rneofhi8 coming and the destruction of Jerusalem. The 24th chapter commences thus • " And Jesus went out and departed from the Temple, and his disciples came to him for to show him the buildings of the temple, and Jesus said unto them, See ye not all these things; verily I say unto you, there shall not be left here one stone upon another that shall not be thrown down And a'^ he sat upon the Mount of Olives his disciples came to him privateli/, saying, Tell us, when shall these things ^ ' \ REV. MR. FOSHAY'S PASTORAL. 9 be and what shall he the dgn of thy cominr/, and of the end ott - world ? ' The phrase end of the world here is what has led many to conclude that our Lord blends with the subject of the destruction of Jerusalem ' subject of the destruction of the TO«/eri«^ world. Bir -.his is a ve-v great mistake. The word which is rendered ivorld here critical orthodox scholars tell us is not " kosmos," a word signifying the material world, but " aion," a word which . IS expressive of duration, and not of substance, and which signifies an age or dispensation. Hence, Campbell, Clarke VVakefield, Whitby, Thomas, Newton, and others, render this phrase, " the conclusion of the age," "the conclusion of this state," " the end of the age," or " the end of this dispensation." But that the question of the disciples did not relate to the end of this material world is further evident from the fact that neither Mark nor Luke in their account of the discourse, say anything about the end of the \yorld. See Mark xiii : 1, 3, 4 ; also Luke xxi : 5-7. It IS evident from these quotations that the disciples under- stood our Lord's discourse to relate solelv and entirely to the destruction cf the temple and city of Jerusalem. In the parable of the tares and wheat we find these two words 1 "^^l" ^I't '' ""f ''•" ^"^ ^""''"^ explains the parable thus : ihe field is the world, (kosmos), and in speakincr of the end of the dispensation He says, " So shall it be in^'the end of the world," he uses an entirely difl^erent one, aion. Can we imagine his motives in so doing ? If he desired his audience to understand him, they were as well educat- ed in the meaning of these terms as we are with the terms world and " age." These facts are very significant and show conclusively that our Lord's discourse in the 24th and 25th of Matthew had direct reference to the end of that age spoken of in Daniel, chapter xii. This twelfth chapter of Daniel commences thus: "And at that time shall Michael stand up, etc., and there shall be a time of trouble such as never was since there was a nation, even to that same time." In the Gth verse one asked the ques- . tion," How long shall it be to the end of these wonders ?" and in the 7th verse an emphatic answer is given, " When he shall have accomplished to scatter the power of the holy people, all these things shall be finished " The § I T 10 A REVIEW OF THE Jews were the holy people here referred to. and were scattered at the destruction of Jerusalem. In the 11th verse he speaks of that time as the time the daily sacrifice should be taken away, and the abomination that maketh desolate set up Let it be particularly noted that, as before mentioned, the 24th and 25th chapters of Matthew are one unbroken discourse. The Saviour in the 24th chapter quotes from 12th Daniel. He emphatically declares that there should be tribulation such &s never w&s smce the beginning of the world to that time. " No, nor ever should be/ an emphatic denial that any nation or people should ever suffer anything worse in time or in ^^T^ ^;.T ?"" '' ''''* *^^ ^^^^ " ^v^^" in this 21st verse ot the 24th chapter fully as expressive of duration as the word everlasting in the 25th chapter 46th verse. He also reters to the abomination of desolation spoken of by Daniel and refers to the same end or " aion ;" . lainly the end of the Jewish dispensation. The advocates ot endless punishment now admit that although the 12th of Daniel, and 24th of Matthew refer directly to the destruction of Jerusalem, tney still without the least reason or consistency, contend that the baviour dropped that subject when commencing the parable of the ten virgins in the 25th chap., and com- menced to speak of the things of eternity, violentlv sundering the connection without the least intimation. Ihe word then with which the 25th commences, and mdissolubly connects tlie subject and the chapters, is proof positive against such a theory. They have been challenged to point out the verse, sentence or letter, where this con- nection IS broken, but cannot do it, as already observed, ihe terms everlasting and eternal in the verse we are reviewing, constitute the main support of endless punish- ment. Now, let us suppose, that the author of the pastoral Should undertake to hold a discussion with a learned Jew on the validity of Christianity, how could he parry the force ot these words, should he dare contend that they are invariably expressive of unlimited duration. His opponent would no doubt, stringently contend for a logical explana- tion of some of the following passages. Psalms 48 : " God "i^iU establish Jerusalem forever." And yet He hath twice destroyed it smce this promise was made. " I will give thee '0^T ri-iilWriiif'ri''~-"-iiii:, REV. MK. FOSHAT'S PASTORAL. JJ vM H^l I'^^T.? *" »■" ^^erlasting possession." And yet He hath cast them out from it 1800 years ago . Ihe Covenant of Circumcision was to be aSeverla-,f Tl ""\T"*' ','i°"g'> '* •'"^ '™g ''i""^ been ab™i3hTd bv uforDivw'^'i ^•?'* *^ Pri-'hoodof Aaron was se^ ^L ? *r. authority, as an everlasting priesthood And yet by that very authority it was abolished neariy 2000 yeai^smce, and the priesthood of Jesus set up in^te place aton?r„T1 ''^" '■ *^' ^J" ^^"-^"^ ^'l- So the sacrifit of hZdol-n^TT.T'^r T''^««««» statute, though i it!!! * 1^ through the law dispensation, and then tave Place to the atonement of Christ. See Liviticus xv? Now Jternitv rt '"'^^ 'J^, *^'''' ''^"'' '" ^'''^ ^''"se of Strict Th. .i^' °*'>'=™'"*f Christianity is a human invention The obvious meaning of the word in these Scrrptures k onTv bv";hT*'"""1 ^y^^y -^Po^'fi^tion, but determined only by the circumstances. The righteous were to inherit MereT' fc^ V^l ''"^^^^oM serve his master " nf,f It .,, V ^, •'''*." ''<= yo""' tondmen fmrver A^ our own common usage of the word "ever^ lasting. We speak of the everiasting Jehovah and nf « Srtion trat'T'^'T.^ ''T'T' *'=■ AnS wrha'^^dlh: wrson w?P fin , ■, .^""""•. °f the pastoral, ov anv other of the' wL ili™'"'''''?'! '" W"""' ^y ""y PVer usage ot the woid, whether scriptural or popular, that when 12 A 11EVIP]W OF THE applied to imnishment it conveys any other than a limited meaning Ha\'ing removed the keystone from the arch of his superstructure in disposing of the word everlasting. We will now proceed to examine, briefly, another subject which is found immediately connected with it, viz., the cc .oviigof Christ We will note a few of the numerous passages which have explicit reference to his figurative coming, at the destruction of the Jewish dispensation. Matt, x, 23, *' But tuhen they persecute you (the apostles) in this city, iiee ye into another, for verily I say unto you, ye shall not have gone over the cities of Israel till the Son of Man he come. Matt, xvi : 27, 28 : " For the Son of Man shall come in the glory of His Father, with his angels. And then shall he reward every man according to his luorks, ( not according to grace,) verily I say unto you, there be some standing here which shall not taste of death till they see the Son'of Man coming in his kingdom." Mark ix : 1, " And he said unto them, verily I say unto you that there be some of them that stand here which shall not taste of death till they have seen the kingdom of God come with power." We would have the following from Matt. 24th chap., and 29th to 35th verses particularly noted : '• Immediately after the tribulation of those days, (spoken of in Daniel xii) shall the sun be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light, and the stars shall fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens shall be shaken, and then shall all the tribes of the earth mourn. And they shall see the Son of Man coming in the clouds of heaven with power and great glory. And he shall send his angels with a great sound of a trumpet, and they shall gather together his elect from the four winds,f rom one end of heaven to the other." We might here pause a moment to enquire whether the above were hteral or figurative expressions. But he proceeds to tell them in the plainest language that they should take place in that generation, and that they should see it with their natural eyes. " Now learn a parable of the fig tree. When his branch is tender and putteth forth leaves ye know that sum- mer is nigh. So likewise ye when ye shall see all these things know that it is near, even at the dooi-s. Verily I say unto you this generation shall not pass till all these things tm REV. MR. FOSHAY's PASTORAL. 13 be fulfilled. Heaven and eaiih shall pass away Lut my words shall not pass away," &c. This is the strongest proof that can bo produced of the divine orij^in of Christianity, that these predictions of the Saviour have been literally fulfilled. Ver. 44 : " Therefore be ye also ready for in such an hour as ye think not the Son of Man cometh." Note also Maik xiii : 28-31. Luke xxi : 27-32. Matt. xxv : 31-34. Hq horted his disciples to be patient under their perse- cutions and ivait for His coming which was tlien not far distant. James v: 7,8. " ^e^^a^'/c'wf, therefore, brethren^ unto the coming of the Lord. Behold the husbandman vjcdteth for the precious fruit of the earth, and hath long patience for it, until he receive the early and latter rain. Be ye also pcdient, establish your hearts, for the coming of the Lord dvaweth. nigh." 2nd Thes. iii : ,5 — " And the Lord direct your hearts into the love of God and into the imtieni tvait ing ior Christ." Heb. x: 25 — "Not forsaking the assembling of yourselves together, as the manner of some is, but exhorting one another, and so nmch the more as ye see the day a^iyproaching." Ver. 37 : " For yet a little while and He that shall come ivill come, and shall not tarry!' In 1st. Peter, iv : 12, 13 he exhoits them to rejoice that inasmuch as they were the partakers of Christ's suflferings, that ivhen His glory should be revealed they may be glad also wdth exceeding joy. The first and last chapters of Revelation furnish a key to unlock the true meaning of that highly metaphorical book. Rev. i : 7 — " Behold He Cometh, with clouds and every eye shall see Him, and they also that pierced Him • and all kindreds of the earth shall wail because of Him." Ver. 3 — " Blessed is he that rcadeth and they that hear the words of this prophecy, and keep those things that are wa-itten therein. For the time is at hand." And in the last verses of Revelation we are expressly informed, " Behold I come cjuicldy. The time is at hand, surely I come quickly" d-c. We are not oblivious that there are another class of texts which refer to a third literal coming of Christ at the general resurection, but which have no connexion with the figurative coming referred to. It is susceptible of the clearest demonstration that Christ and His Apostles taught a metaphorical coming at the end of the Jewish age oi' dispensation, and the 14 A REVIEW OF THE I I li veracity of Christ, and the proofs that Christianity is of divine origin are predicated and contingent on the question, whether or not that prophecy was actually fulfilled. The different phraseology employed in the passages above noted was intended to teach the people that it was then near at hand and within the life time of some that heard them. What crumb of comfort could the disciples reap from promised relief from their persecution and tribulation,if it referred to a time 10,000 years in the future. We have now seen that all that is said in the Bible of the end of the world transpired about 1,800 years ago, and for aught we know ten times that period may yet transpire before the resurrection and final consummation takes place. But the prediction has been verified in exact accordance with the time predicted that it should take place. And lo ! even yet do we see people gazing after some dire omen in the heavens, as betokening the sudden ruin of nations, the crashing wreck of empires and kingdoms, in connexion with the immediate conflagration of our terraqueous globe. Yea, how many in this eventful year of our Lord, 1879, are trembling, Balsliazzar-like, at the most common freaks of nature, as though their last expiring breath was about to take its final leap, and their earthly portion, in common with all terrestia! matter, about to be consigned to one eternal night. Our lunatic asylums have been occupied by large numbers whose minds, in consequence of some fanatic labors, have been wrecked in chaos on the dreadful thought of the immediate sound of the trumpet's blast, and their consignment to one eternal, lasting doom. Ought these things to be so ? We shall now proceed to offer a brief Scriptural explanation of the phrase. Furnace of fire, so prominently paraded in the pastoral. Our space will not permit of any exhaustive statement of this subject, and will mostly consist in solicit- ing the readers attention to some of the texts, in both Testaments, where the terms " furnace of fire." " the worm that dieth not," "unquenchable fire," &c., are mentioned. Most all Biblical critics among the orthodox admit, what is plainly apparent, that the Saviour when He used these expressions to the Jews had His mind on the passage of the Prophet Isaiah Ixvi : 23, 24, " And it shall come to pass BEV. MR. FOSHAY'S PASTORAL. Jg Mitt X r T 1 J""^ <'°""' '" worship before me W^l „t ^"^' """^ *ey-r-'.' /esA- shall go tozth and aliT" r*T-''' "' ^ n>en that havf tmngLsed aganst me, fw their womi ekaUnot die neithefXll Sr^-f;-' V^T'"''' ""<> "^^y ^'""' be anabhoLg to brass and tm, and iron, and lead, in the midst of 0^a/«™Z They are even the dross of silver, therefore thus sah the f»e I wfli 'Xr ^' -1 tl' '"'T'' '"'■o-' behold the*! lore, 1 will gather you into the midst of JeruBalem a.<, ih^^r gather silver brass, and iron, and lea^ and tSTto the muht of the furnace, to blow the fire «po" it to me^t t so will I gather you in mine anger, and mv^u™ anV f will leave you there and melt vou Yei T iill I'u and blow u%n you, in the firoTmy u^^Jrinf fe'Z^l midsr fthe" /'" "'** *tT-^.-«ilverlreUe^d^fth midst of the furnace, so shall ye be melted in the mirkt thereof, and ye shall know tl/at I the Lord have Cr;'f S -T/Ta^ "TheT-" Af ■ '".'^'-^ eonnexionjMrtrw iiii . ti, *j_ iho Son of Man shall send forth his anwk (or messengers) and they shall gather out orh is kinXm an lungs that oflend and .shall ?ast them il a%™^t° ' verse 15 th/J b« bailing and gnashing of teeth,"- u I \ '. ^^'^''- ^be question is. first Wlw.t HnL ;« r/J:^:^tur:,:^-',titXt^^^^^^ P^lble^^ Stret oTlhf S^' 171? '^rR^ cmidren of the kingdom. 2nd. That the field is the world (komios) ; but the tares are the children of the wicked one^ endTZ """^ r7"^ '^'"^ '' *« ''-"; theh^est is the end of the world (awn or age), and the reapers are the Tlt'o W^^Sh^'TTs''-''^' ««^ erit^rt:::,! et Ibe world which was to have an end here is not kosnios, \\\ it! IG A REVIEW OF THE tliu lieUl, but aioii, the aje, which shows that it was the end of the Jewish age or dispensation. Hannnond and Cappe say this is spoken, iic^^ of wliat shall happen at the enc „f tnrH, unci jastiec, to 1.. ex|mi,^.o,l f,«i„ tl.o .Scnptujvs. „ ,„»,..t „11 tl,„ ,•.•,«.« i„ S.,'i|,t,Mx. wl,,'-. to exproHsion, " ,la,„m.,l " is uscl it u-as ,li,vetl • ,,„i„ Z wicked s<.r,lK,.s an,l pluuisoos <,f tlmt ,l,.^a..,o,-nto a'.,' •■ V . ,s,Tpr.„t.s, .vc »«„.,■«/;„„ of vipcTs, h.,^y can ,o cnapo the con.k.,„n„t,o,. „f !,cli (ft./,nm„,) yo scribes ^^Im■l, ! v , ■ tics,. s],all vcceuc j-reatcr cc i.lcinati,,,,." Pa, | ^,\V R"".. V : !«, •• Thoi-eforc as l.y tl.c ,,fl;.„c,. of o„,., ,,, ,t came upon „l m,,n to .Imnnation, even so In tl,e i i.-lae , ot life. JIus voui.l teach, aecor,|i„,( to „ „■ author's .!e ,n,t„.„, that .lanmation has then aetualiv co.no • o, "h >..,:„ here „, tins Ife. The salvation ,.f 'the L ' pKxl news ot ,;/«'/ tid,n;i. vMch Mdd be. nnto Ml LI .s en,,,hat!«tliy; proclttio.e.l in tliis eospei as th,' /', . ....eavn,:, „tt of (lo,|, an,| not of „■,„■£<. as rcpre.e ted n the parahh'ot the sheep .and .-oats, iint the Hi ,Ie no vl e" infornis ns ,„at tins salvation consists in heini;- .saved f o , e..dH«s nnserv ,n a, fntnre „-„rl.i. (,n tl,o%ontr , ■ cons.s s ,n !,.„,. save [ fron, darkne.ss. from nn belief fi, .m and all- .ts attendant e,il co„s.,p,enee.s. John xi 4 I amcome a hght nito th<. world that ^^ hosoever believ'eth on Wc should not M.l,: In d,u'h,r..r Chil ■ 4 '■ \V1 ,«^-e h,n,sel^ for onr sin.s/'-to save t,s fro.ni anrc n,i ^0. Ihat he inig^lit deliverns from tlu^ prewnt nil ivorl.l accorelm,^ to the vill of Go,l and onr Father." I, s'o, di- stances the terms save.l and Salvation refer to onv dorih" 1 cond.tton ,n the resurrection state. B„t as we never"™' expose,! to endless misery in a fntnre state the Fa her never co.dd have His Son to redeem us from it These ern,s are generally paced in juxtaposition to tt term? pensli lost dead m sin, &c. Those eiMiteen on whom the tower in Siloam fell ,and slew them think ve tC w °o s ners above a 1 men. I tell you. nay. But except yo. repent you shall all likewise, or in like nianner, «,iW.s/wih the same physical destruction. To be saved fro „ these physical atastrophiescanhavc no reference to our futuri S- tion. Ket this text is often sought to be nressed into support of the dogma of unendin| torture "Sur a , ho" seems to lay much strcs., on the passage in Matthew, which Ml 18 A UKVJKVV OF THE liu int'ors etiectually blocks tlic way of future salvation to the (jtrat majority of our race. " Wide is the «^ato and Itroad is the way that leadcth to destriiction and many there bo that go in thereat." whi^ " straight in the gate and lULi'iVLU the ifmj thai XqiuUV nt './i- and /eto there be that Hnd it." He tol! as thai i ., from all «ternity, ki)i"n the dcMiny of every i^u i>nhr of i ' "■ human fa /ti/dy, His ciecd also informs us thnt the numl»er is so certain and definite that nothing CiVn add to or diminish tlierefrom. (^ucry : If such is our artun' ' ' 'on can we, woak, fallible creatures, reverse the Alim- y iiat, or help oui, "Ives in any i)ossible way ? It woull af.pcnr to a reflecting mind as charging a wise and benevoieut Creator with cruelty and partiality. Yet it is the 07ily ground on wliich the so-called ortliodox system can be sustained with any degree of reason or consistency. Arminians teach that God most certuinly knew what the destiny of every created being would bo, Calvinists contend that He as certainly pre-ordained it, as it is next to blasjdiemy to assert that the Creator overacted without a settled imrpose or design, :ind therefore, if (6 single soul be lost it was because it was created for this end, foreseen and foreordained. It was the original tho Light and 'p^an of God in creating it, and %^ because he made a mistake ; not because the soul i-; anything di^ rent from what he expected ; not because its faculties ha» .• hcv -^o perverted to his great grief that ihe design < ^ its Creiuion is defeated." This is the only consistent and logical ground for those who assert the omnipotence and omniscience of God. We ask, is it then possible that our Creator has so effectually hedged up our way and made the gate so straight and narrow that but only /cjy can possibly find itP The effectual answer to this charge against a wise and benevolent Creator is in the fact that the terms life and destruction in that passage liave no reference whatever to a future state. The fact that God is omni.' '' Ho is the deceiver and .^oS /r^ is' '^^'f ' r^^^ ""^^'^"^ ' *' Decl{irin<^ th<» end frmn fi. i • • """^ ■'^"■J'Hi^ v\ : 2(>. counsel ahall stand and T wJ l r n^i^;'''' ''^^'"^ My fsa. xlvi: 10. - Fo Tl. , '^'' i\" % pl^^^iHtao/'-i- the huuts of hImLo?! i ',.:r" f^^"' -i'^' ^-weth are on the ways of xnan [ He eeth^llM • '^^'.^^^« Therefore He knoweth their works n >'"''"«"• thein." - Job xxxi : 31.. " The Jvefof ^'^^^^^"rneth every place, beholding, the evil anj fl ^'? ,^''''^ ''^^'^^ i" '^v: 3. "Behold th? ^n^'o ut " -""^- -^^''^verbs and new things do I declm L V ;^ i ? ^""^^ *^ P^ss forth I tell yo^ of tl'.;;' :.- 1 7^; Hi . t'% '^^^^ ^P'j"^ a sample of the nnn>flrn,.c, ''**'*'• ^"^ • '^- These are bnt doctrine of «od" ™ sde .e^eT,rtr T'""'/^' <■"'■"' «" past, the pres, , ZTiZf I " "''""''•''" '"■>"•«• The exists. Wliv did he brim- \! W.T ■ "I ^°'^ "'« so"l capriee or sudden impuLcf wff ^""»''■, ^^'"'' " f™™ without knovvi„.whatw«(T '°"\'^ I''"" •^'- ">«tiveP upon the -lenmVj'ktf^, ±Se'n"c; V' n :'"? '"-' '""«'• creature for a frood ami tir f r ® *" ""^ nnmortal perfectly what H^ ^t t Lg? el "III ZTl ''""'J'"'" life m time and eternity havW -,° ?'."*''«'"*"'■« of its purpose in regard to S' rt.f '^v "''?"=' '»'' s<-'«led asencios appofnted and arr.»,t'f i""' T-'^ '^''""S '''I t^e was to beVceompliZd? C.?H- / T,^'-'']' "'" l""-po«e idea of infinite goodness of ^nl • ^ *'"f '"''• '^'""^ W sire wisdom, compX to tl , "? ''•'"' ''" '^O'll'-'dien- apnroach the subjSfro;" rorerside''"Ti,e'''' '" "T der some further considerations on this important subje c. Justice has claims on God as well as man. Not only does justice demand that the sinner shall suffer for his sins. But also that He who created him shall have dealt fair/i/ with him in all that respects his moral and physical constituti.m, and the conditions of his life on earth prior to liis sin, and that he shall continue to do so in all the coni-cqi^.'n* cs and retributions following it. This He has (in His revelation to him) promised :;o do. Ezekiel xviii : "And yet saith the house of Israel the ways of the Lord are vof equal. Oh, house of Israel, are not wy ways equal, are not your ways unequal. Therefore, will I judge you, every one accord- ing to his ways, saith God."* " Yea, surely God will not do wickedly, neither will the Almighty pervert judgment He will not lay upon man more than /.s- riqi/'t, that he should enter into judgment with God." Job vii : 34, " .Tustice and judgment are the habitation of Thy throne,, rigliteons art Thou, Lord, and upright are all Thy ^^^^'- ^^- FOSHAY'S PASTORAL. in- Wfll, lot us off,.i- a fen- ivin-irl-, ; , J'""^ eoiniexion p on our autlior-s syst™ r It '""-"«tn.i,' Gods justice and fatl,o„il,«s below, ou t M,^ i ""• f'"*'^"^^ f-"^M othei- side of the o-ulf i,„ i,.,„ V "" .'■ ^I'joiul, on the ana jewels above el'^ii./wli.rt!'',"' ='-l*"^«^f ^oW If lie passes tl,e bridge « /wi ,, " o Xbe boy, heedless and ditobed » ? ''•"J''. ''"" "'' «'«!>. So.ng steadily for,vard~r"ei I'i'''''''''''''^ "'«»"' J of bru]gt- quivers for a m»n,eut-sw l ""'''•■''-"''^ ^''^'W Juu-led as the iishtuiug into tT. ^ •"? ""'^'''-''nn.and "•npaedou a.«harp„„,f,, r,;^,^,,?"". ''« i^ oau,.l,t and tl.e abyss. TI,eri he h:„^tr'^"^' ° " '"'^ «"■ ''own and ueary years, if possible Jh^,?-' '""^ ^eelcs, for Ion-- "ntlunff in torture 0^ rVt 'fS M? ^T,! "-l'"^"'^' """^ ehveraueo. But his fat Ikt m ! ■. d f "" /"'' ''^^'l' and treaties, goes about his bu»i le,. i ""? •""■ 'o all his en- iorril,le sulferings of ! l e , u ' 7'""-'' ">Jifferent to the jng : "The boy «'y: 1 la ; i^d ^^^ '"-^elf b/s y! the prize. He was «'m-,/< of ,i^,''"<'Se safely and wou ault that he fell, and e s, ffers ,' T''"'^ ^^ " ''•■■' own f ^'■»'^.!'ono,,bnmanity' '^idd lo'^^^ Now, would not npnnee this father a monster ■u?d"?« '", ''"'' ™S-"'« P™" 1.13 conduct as the essence of f„i"iv ""f- ""'^ '•<'l"-oba,te not everyone say there wVsHt ""'' "'"^'tv? Would ' proceeding p No'excus^foT the awM^'^f ^1 ^"'- ^"^'' a child was thus wantonly exposed 1 T\ *,", "*''^'' «>« me on the frail and narrow bridge nf/v 'Y^^ '^"'' P'ace IS, over the awful and finnTin "„^K°V'-'<'','.";«'''l'«h as it b^r. pombilify of a heavenlie, ond '"wf""' "'"' »« there to walk it, swino-ino- V ?n "'"*' *'"^n 'eave me winds and tempests of tSmftatTon "S', '^ -"l" > "' *"' at last I make a false sten o„T ' "' '^*"'t with terror fathomless sea of t::& T'U" P^^f^te'l into t^e ■awful Wa.d P I would not luoZl ^^^^^^^^^^ i'f imm 22 A REVIEW OF THE own freedom, I would not loilUngly cross the frail and unsteady bridge, swaying in the wind with so many thousand chances against me — whatever the prize. No, not for the possibility of ten thousand heavens. Un- created I suffered nothing, I lost nothing, I ran no risk. Why drag me forth from nothingness without my consent, and force upon me the perilous life bridge, and then leave me to fall headlong into the bottomless abyss of torment, torment without measure, and ivithout end? And {/' God has done this, the plea which Young, in the last day, has put into the mouth of the lost would tell with terrible effect on the Divine justice as well' as mercy : — Father of mercy, why from silent earth. Didst Thou awake and curse me into birih. Tear me from quiet, ravish me from night, And make a thankless present of Thy light. Fusil into being a reverse of Thee, And animate a clod with misery ? The leasts are happy, they come forth and keep Short watch on earth, and then lie down to sleep, But our dire imuiahme-Dt forever strong. Our constitution, too, forever young, Cursed with return of vigor still the same, Powerful to bear and satisfy the flame. Still to be caught and still "to be pursued. To perish still and still to be rc^newed. And this my help, my God at Thy decree Nature is changed and hell should succor me, And canst Thou then look down from perfect bliss And see me plunging in this dark abyss Calling Thee Father in a sea of fire And pouring blasphemies at Thy desire, With mortal anguish wilt Thou raise Thy name And by my pangs omnipotence proclaim. The Divine justice, therefore is not only an eloquent and nnanswerable protest against the doctrine of endless punishment, but it is an equally conclusive argument that all the issues of the Divine government under which we have been placed, will be benificent, and that every REV. MR. FOSHAY'S PASTORAL. 23 say, m the Lord have T dM,too '?, i f ' """"^y ^h=ill . Any unprejudiced pf™„s ' V eV"'^ strength." who W studied the,vrith '.of ortSr" ■"*^"'S«'^« must bewell aware tliat thesftexts oun ^^ ?"mmentators, hare times almost without ,,,„!f'T"^ "' *''<' P'lstoral, ^ refer to tempera sub 'ct" 'nTtv^'; ^ ^'"'"1^ ^1"^™" to merely a rehash of the oki l" er f "•■!?.'"ne„t is but required we could produce r/ "lJ;">at.o„. Were it twenty able biblil tu e wt /'"' "'""'' ^^' "* '^^^^ whole array, as utteriv n,nffi„- ? .'"'™ '■^Pudiated the ?f eternal p'unish.nen , Zd aT v " T'^'" V' *''° ''°«^""« 'P?*- dixif of the author of tl^^ ? ,""'"' '" '■''''« the with these men is but *'°Pf™' •'"''"'" ''""trast knowledge ) on so super ativew'" ^'"'"^ '" "'«''''l as this, in preference to thfiwi* ■''" ""."0'-*'-"'t snbject >'S- and tendency of thel! b "'"'•-"■■^>"'J the me^n- Jangnages. In self defe„er we ™ ?. '"• ""^ "'■'■""'^l consistency, charo-e him wif 1 ™.,?n' "'"'' *"'^^ »"' ^""e several words applied to h-r'd' , '''• ^''"''^ "™ Scripture which are nerer annJie, 1 ''^'I'P.'ne.ss in the these are ineqnivocal i" expret in" ^""'^''"'7^* ^ "nd such as endless, und,.tiled f,fl"^^^^'"^ endless duration, I>j2nd Cor. iv-.^t renl 'r.''?'''''''^'-,:";'' """>ortai: which is but for a moment Worlfth f" ^'''^ f '^■*'»"' exceeding and eternal „ I;,!? ''";!'' ,"^"' .»« »■ far more It 1'% i t eternal weight of gl„,.,,'.'^ "^1^^":: ■al 24 A KEVIEW OF THH renderincf of this passag^e, critics tell lis, would be " a glory exceeding eternal to exces?." In Heb. vii : 16, we read of an endless life ; but vve nowhere in the Bible read of endless death. In 1st Peter 1 : 4, we read of an Inheritance incorniplibh, midr/i/ed and titot fadeih not aivay. We are told that mortality shall be swallowed up of life. The Savionr, it is said, brought life and immortality to light through the ^^ospel. But we nowhere read of immortal death, or endless pain being broug'ht to light by Jesus or anyone else. As in Adam all die, so idso in Christ shall all be made alive. We are" to be changed from mortal to immortality. These passages prove, beyond the possibility of a doubt, that the endless existence of mankind is taught in the Bible, irrespective of the tei-ms everlasting, eternal, &c. And we could challenge the author to produce even one passage where the term endless is applied to 'pimishnent in the Scriptures. Had it been said, these shall go away into endless punishment and the rightpous into endless life, the case would have been widely different. Having bi ieily reviewed the slanders, and o,rguments contained in the pastoral, we will now pro- ceed to present to the reader some remarks on the abun- dant promises of the gospel or good news. These the learned Canon Farrar, declares are at least three to one compared with the damnation or evil .lews. The advent of Jesus Avas ushered in l)y a proclamation by the heavenly host, as good news of glad tidings which should be unto all people. The Scriptures abound in declarations that He came to save all people. The aiofid news of endless punishment has been ushered into our world by heathen philosphers and poets, and is founded on poetry, par- ables, metaphors, figures of speech, fancy and imagination. The heated imagination of the ancient poets first con- ceived the idea of endless torture, and the advocates of the doctrine at the present time, so far as they rely upon the Bible to prove the doctrine, appeal to the parables, metaphors and figures of speech which abound in the Bible rather than to any plain, positive or direct testimony. The op])onents of Rev. David McRae, in Scotland, because he denies that endless punishment is taught in REV. MR. FOSHAY'S PASTOHAL 2' may deplore with the poet that ' "'™- " '" ""' We are called to believe in the uro//, of th,. Trvl ^n e,ulle,,s damnation and tonne t" infer While nronnd and above „s the inf,nite io,^ Scarce heeded or Heard si.ines sublinK. and snpernal. promise^ "f the Gospel, re T''\f- '"^"'^'"'1 «'»'"'« mostly oo„fin;d to the t >.1-S '■' '"""■'^'^' ""'' >™ ^ro and parabolic seXeesatdtr'r"'*'' "' '"^ "«"'"««'' privi ege of e^hibitinrt;, v^f therefore are debarred the Lport'ant pronos «„ IVe 1 " ''""'"", ■"'^^"■^^ ^'^ "^is doctrine of uXTsTJ^IvIhA ^'>' "'"fl'"^ "'« t™*'' ^'f the love is infit,;*; ■ 1 -^ ""'""''"■« "< tiod is ?oi;e. This iHu'rltiot"'* t' iSSStfJ" ^^'^"* =•■"" "'*- that ever did does now 1!. !'''™''?„*° «^™>-y sentient being In charac er GodTkTnd f ™"' f"'* '1 ^^^ """^^«- and jnst- His attrihni " ' ^°^'- ''«"«>'«lent, merciful omnipresence infln^'t T ""/"IP^^n^e^ omniscience, and trntir Every ouaiirvcf""' 'r' ■"?^' J"^'''=<'- "'«-'=y tfod is under th7.?^' '^■^"■■'I'-teristic and attribute of controller of all thin', ? ""' "' ^" *'"""^' «'« ^"^me with a W le4n HrSntr„rtr'' ''" ^'P"™^" *" ^-^^ ?>%seca« world The nn^l \ """'"^ ^^ ''"^" "^ the £ubiect abundantly pro'veth!:' "ihe 7™ T'/'' "" ""» H s hand as are nli„ « • „ '"''"'' "^ "an is in trollethi as He wmi '""'■' "f "''''"■' ""'' He con- controls and superintend tf; "'/^'^'^ "'''"'* ""^t He physical worl? Does He w """' •'""""' ""^''^ "^ this over the Jmico^t tu«on": ,r,r?" Jth ^T^J^-f «' so m perf^t acccordance ^i?! Ke w»,f,;„tr. ui x^awt IS a lucid instance of this. III ■w 26 A REVIEW OF THE Was it not the purpose and design of God that Paul should be a chosen instrument to preach the L'ood news to the gentiles? But we perceive that it was in entire accordance with his free mora] nature. If we dare deny the superintending providence of God in one case we may do so in all cases, and might as well all become open atheists at once. Truly He has permitted the existence of evil in our world. This is the great problem that has exercised so many benevolent minds. Well, if it was not intended to subserve some benevolent purpoi=g an act of a finite being is therefore finite and limited. Of course the effect of sin must be limited also. Sm tends to misery, and misery to the death of the miserable. Therefore sin and misery instead ot possessing a self-perpetuating power ca,rry with them the seeds of their own dissolution. Hence sin and misery must eventually come to an end. 4th. From the nature of holiness and happiness these also are inseparably con- E '(I 1 REV. MR. FOSHAY'S PASTORAL. £7 andWctfon gnifies to'""for "* f ^"'["^ , "<"■'•-««». i« not prospective, noT re^trosp e" vT' It t^no^""'' " •tt IS not crueltv n i« r,^4. ^. ,. ,. ^: ^^ "ot revenge. kind fether punches or co ^ectsl,^, 'r "l"* P-T'-l- A answer the end of nn,™t?l a!„ 7 disobedient child to tortures a captive enemvi A tf"'' '' "?,"' "^ ^''•"^ ^^^Sfe can never snpnole thS7'„,? -f ''^. merciless revenge. We or vindictivS Yet „e oftlT'' *»™rt«d ^i'h passion wrath, vindictive Ac annHedtl' w- ^;'«'?.«P"l'eto as fury, «th. From the direct S nil "f J"^'?*''' ='"'' ""'ine^^ in Gen. iii: is "T vrilt n,,f •! *«"'=''">&« of the Bible woman and between hvllT^^i'*?'"'"" ^^"^ '"''• *« bruise thy /«a™and tbo„ ?. u",*^ ''-"^ •'""l' ^^ ^''a" language was ad i.essed t' ,. ' ?"' '"' '"^^- This evidently an embt: fc epr eSn'of"tt l'"r''P^"' ''' and desires of manlcind rhl^^!]\f!? '"^ '"■"^''' passions 1 : 15, "Every Zm "s ten ntM i! "'r^'P'^""'' '^i"' J™es lus o«,» ;„.4 Id ent Lrd"^ then A" ''', 'M'"™ ''^"y «f it bringeth fo'rth sin ' Jan, '1^ ^^f":^ '"'^ '^""'^'^"•^'^ wars and fightings amont vni / Vv n ''''''"'" <^™"« even of your ImN thTt^J ■ ^*""'' "'«>' "«' hence acknowle'dg^i tha by^'tl r^S S"[l '"""'""" . ^' '-^ meant the Saviour. Wei He k of, Y ''T™' ""^''^ « devil and all his wo.ks Ui T ^' ■"-' '"'" ■''^'f^"' <"■ desti;oy the w'^kf o^'SlXil^.'-'lJ:;:" j -'l^f J? '^'I^''* death He mi-htde.tt°h '^^Z,' ^''" '^"'« ; ^ that is. th™fcv i ■•" W'?,a 'tt'n *'"' P°r;- "'■ ^'-">. devil, (whatever the te.™ nml ° -f f f"°,' '''=*'*'»y tl^is and Son nmst exnc rtn;. "^ ^T-'^-'''^ ^'""> «'e Father . passages expreSrdeXre'", ^He t'^ "'^ "^-« that especial purpose eamemto the world for the /a,nai. of the earth be ^.L^^: t! "Ami t oaWMt* 28 A REVIEW OF THE r tliy 8(30.1 sl.all all the nations of the earth bo blessea " This pro.m.so was ronem'd to Isaac and Jacob, xxvi .-'4 an.l xxvni: 14 Thousands of nnllions of the hun.an fa ndy have hvod and died without knowin,r that such a b .n.H^ 1 ' ^"'jV^''^"^^^"""^^^'' ^^ithoutever recoivin.^ anv' benel t tJirong]) Hi.n whatever. Now, to suppose tl.atlliesi pro n SOS relate to tempoml blessing., is to suppose that Orod has inado promises which He never ha fu Hlled and never can fu fil. Besides PebM^ .in^'^^^^«h'^ll^'^^^ the nati6ns of the earth be blessed." Isaiah xlv: 22-24 "Look unto 2wli '•'''"''^' ^^/ ^H .'^'^' «^ ^^'^ earth,'for I am God, and theie is none else, I have sworn by myself, the word rPhin^7'? /"'^ ""'^^^^^ "' righteousness, and shall not letu n, that unto me evenj knee shall bow, every tongue shall swear, sitreh/ shall say, in the Lord have I rio-hteous- ness and s rength," Sc. See also, Heb, vi .°16-19 Tespecting the oath of Jehovah. 8th. It is based on the determinate will of God. 1st Tim. ii : 1-C " I exhort therefore, that first of all, supplications, and prayers «KV. MR. FOSIfAY's PA8T(,iLVL. one .Mc.,liat„r iHweon L ;«, I "'"''•ir «"'' f'"''- ""-l Jesus, ,vho .avo Hi„,«,lf „ „;™' /' f" ; 'l>f """, C]„i.t 'II line time." Tlio .,„l,: i ' ' ""■ '» 'e testificl ea«. ,t ought to li oflbotuaT • Tin H '''""'•',■ '" '■^"'«- expresse. a will of ,,„',, „/ " "'? "■.'"il ^r,// 1,,,-e f'om ,ts .scripture u.sia-? Je , s ' "l"'"V""' '« '■^'''^t 1^'' tl.„„ dean, and inaunliate .i ^i' "'" '"P'"' ^ "■'•« 'le Avas clean.sed. For a t , "V i ''"•■"'■'' '^'V^' *"' "ml and .luiclcouotl, tl.om enn V^"'?'' '"i^;'!! "P tl,o ,I,.a<'• " ■>and,,of CU,ri.t.P^'^e"e'aHlLiatt..tlfrS 30 A REVIEW OF THE ;« ♦ I xiv: 24-27, and xlvi : 0-10. Eph. i : 11, fcc, respectinothe pleasure and purpose of God. All the lioly propliota have testified to the truth of this doctrine: In Acts iii: 20—21 we read, " And ho shall send Jesus Christ, which before was preached unto you; whom the Heavens must receive until the times of restitution of all things, which God hath spoken ot by the mouth of all his holv- prophets since the world began." David, in Psalms xxii : 27, " All the ends of the wor d shall remember, and turn to the Lord, and all the kmdreds of the nations shall worship before Him." Arrain Psalm Ixxxvi : 9. " All nations whom thou hast made shall come and worship before Thee, O Lord, and shall glorify J hy name." Examine Psalms Ixxii : 11—17 ; Isaiah xlix • , and xxv : 6 — 8. The testimony of Christ and His apostles is explicit in teaching this comforting truth. Jesus said He came " to seek and to save that which luas lost," not that which was in danger of being lost, but that which was lost. All mankind was lost, Jesus, therefore, came to save all mankind. He tells us that He came, not to do His own will, but the Father's. We have seen that it is the Father's will that all should be saved. He had given all things into Christ's hand, and Jesus declares that it was the will of His Father that of all He had given Him He should lose nothing. All the heathen were given to Christ, " Ask of Me and I will give Thee the heathen for Thine inheritance' and the uttermost parts of the earth for Thy possession "' _ John iii : 35, " The Father loveth the Son, and hath given all things into His hands," xvi : J 5, '-All that the Father hath are Mine." Heb. i : 2, " Whom He hath appointed heir of all things." Well, has Christ the luill and the 2)oiver to accomplish His mission ? " All poiwr is oiven unto Me in heaven and on earth ; all that the Father'^hath given Me shall come unto Me, and him that cometh unto Me I will in no wise cast out:* John xii : 32, " And I, if w-^ J^^^^^^ "P ^*"^^" ^^^ ®^^'^^^' ^^^^ ^^^■'^"'■^ ^^^'^ ^^^''^ ^^'^^^<^ ^i(^-' VVith but a few exceptions, we all believe in a universal resurrection at the final consummation of all thino-s. The Adventists teach that all will be raised, and that a literal lake of fire will be prepared to receive and annihilate the REV. MR. FOSHAY'S PASTORAL. gj they are to mtfov endless ptmUhZltlioTZ^- ^' '"'' question is hore pre.sonto.1 Tli l!ff t ' "" '"'I»'-t<>nt give ,.,, even a l.fnt at 'thE ^"a MtroTff""' "'7, a .es«„.o:e r'darat ^st;:„i i^f '■ It""' In the 2.th v^e jX„'',^tr.4'rirf s!"' ;r"'*'f an,l of Is,.aeI.L,l ye sG'kf owthat I a" "iTo..^'^*' I have omnedvmiv «iv/o.^o n , ^ -^'^™' when up out ^^'^Z^'^t 'S'?f :/";'-'"°'J7*' >•"" shall awake from the ln«f ;?fi li^ ' ^ " '■" ■'''"'l " They (not cndU^')7kltT\lTTlt ""''"'? «™'l««ting contempt." The Savon rf. 1 '^''''in" ;™J everlastin| di..eiple^, in thltol'empLtrc'nSrS, 'f',T' ''■! phraseology, that all these thin-rs should hL"„fr' that generation sliouh! nass n,v„v J^l f^'Pl"'" ''elore .should live to see themr HeTe^n the ^^f f^Tl"* ""^"> 23, He says "The time is com nrand , L i'^?""!?^ time was thousands of years in tfii f?,*,.. ^' . ''' *" able reason could he Lvfi! / ■ "'"' ""^^*- "^onceiv- time is eomin" and now isf W1 f '"« "^'^?'' ^""''^ (*« —tion, VtilCXre andXvX o^do.^ HK 32 A IIKVIHW OF TIN-: 11 critics to dctint' it. In Liiko xx : .'i') — 3G Juhuh tnu^dit that thii Hubjei-.t.s of tlu; icHunoction would lio tHjual unto tilt* au^'clw, 1«; plaeod l)eyoii(l tlio roach of ovtions of the Word of God. There is no doctrine more pointedly taught in Scripture than that tliere shall he a universal rcsunection of (di mankind from the dead, and in immediate connection with this text, Jesus said, " All liv^e unto God," (see verse OcS.) Paul taught a resurrection both of the just and the unjust (sec Acts xxiv : 15), and in 1st so Cor. XV : 22, he savs, "As in Adam all also in Christ shall made aliv I'e. die, The parallel passages in MattlieN\ c.J Mark say nothing about any worthiness. Some divines, as the learned Clarke, seem to conclude that the brutes may be resuscitated, at some period, hence the word ivurthi/ may refer to the different degrees of value which is to be attached to the different orders of God's animal creation, for he appears to take a large interest even in the fowls of the air, see Matt., vi, 20 ; Luke xii, 0, 7, but still considers his creature man as of infinitely more value. At any rate tlie passage must not be so construed as to destroy our hope of a universal resur- rection, and contradict the general tenor of revelation. He taught that all God's intelligent creatures will finally render spiritual w^orship to him, see Rev. v, 13, and xv, 4, RFV. AIR. FOSP. A Vs PASTORAL gg act or voli?4 of his wClltorsr Eph''irs'i " ^ 2"^ Inn. 1, 9 wo read " VVi.r^ i „ i P*^' "' ^> ^« In 2nd j-iy c;i,ing, r';ei:i?„fjr ,:;■;', I'lf - ^i"' - His own p,or/;<„e and wace whinl W "" ''?«»>-'l>'. . «) teaches ■• That the five r,ift If T^ • '" ^""'- "■ !». P»"l .]U. gmont to Jamnatio thllrcl". ^,,'"''1!^'^'' "'' ">« judgment came upon att ,npn m?' ! -^ ''? °''^°<^<' °f one, tl.e righleousness'^of one tl /!" '""f"" ' *^'^" »" V men to justification, of life t/i'f •?/'• '^'"^ "P"" '« Rom. ^ i, 23 •■ For fl,„ ^'',' '^ "te™"' I'fe," but the gift „ God is etCml irr^tl "^ '^™ '« '^"''th ; Christ." lorn V 19 "F„. ''f" t'","";;h "ur Lord Jesus were made "^l"' JZ XZ 'T' .'"^''^dience, many bo made rightoou™' Paekhf,.!* '^'™"V* «"<> .shall many ■many in tfis ve"^e si^nifi.rM '^^^ °" i"'''" **''' "T'^" word says, ■■ For as the word ml,? ; "r"'?''; ^'- Mcknight does noimean .some mrtTS'nf ^ f ' P"''' "^ ""^ ^-"^e, trom fii^t to Ia.srwho ^;S^":i"">' ''"' ^» >"^"kind sinners, so Me maAy in ihT latW TTfl^' "*' co'^^tituted said to be constituted ithtent ^tt "* «"'/"^'^«' ^^''° "''e Chri.st, m«s< mean aZ? ml^fnT f, °*c'' ,*" «''«''i«nee of end of the world, ,."1^.^*0^ 'f «/:f "'»"« to the both the.se men were orthJnJ^ , '' ''"' "o'ed that 5th of Rom., deSs that X™"-^ ^°'''' '^'''"'' '" ""'^ m»oA wo,-a abound, IcHrako /.", ''^'«»"''«1. .•/'■«.e ,lid " That tlio same creature *h,f /^"'' ?°'"- ""■ 20, 21, subject to .in. or ^^8^ 1^1:,^'"'''' r«''''^) "'■"•« dage of corruntion iX't^^ 1 • "el"'cred from tlie bon- God." Dr. SZu lt^r°"' ' ^'^rt.V of the Son of words here vendXcr^reZ^":'^ f '''''■ '"^ ">''* *« /mman creature all m^^^: ^^' 7 c ""i?"' *"«""''^s "■«»•'/ lates the passage' thus ■' FoAL .r ' r ^'^°'' ^^''"'« "»»«" to vanity^,, toUK^^ly, tat by re4tTH"'''''V"'^J^'=' . ected the same in hone thit tL ! ^'"' ''''''o sub- be delivered," &e. T Rom .i Tlfp 'T /'"'.' ■*"" ultmiate salvation of thp wlf„L ' ' .,"' '^"ght the Pontiles. He tells ^Z^^^^:r%^l^ MM ilttmi^.^txam 34 A REVIEW OF THE >l unbelief, and gives as a reason, that lie might have rtiercy upon all, see the whole chapter. He also taught that Christ is Lord both of the dead and the living, in Rom. xiv 7. 9, wjiieh please see, and that he died for every man, 1st Tim, ii, G, lleb. ii, 0. He also taught the limitation, reme- dial design, etJicaeious nature, and benevolent purpose of all God's divine chastisements in Heb. xii, 5, 11. He teaches that the gi-ace oi God brings salvation to all men in Titus ii, 11, see Dr. Clarke on these passages. He, Paul, Avas enabled to .siiFer persecution because he trusted in the living God, who was the Saviour (jf (ill men, ef^pecidllij of those that believe. Now if God was the Saviour of none but believers, there could be nothing special about their salvation. He teaches the destruction of all the enemies of God and man, oven the last enemy, death, 1st Cor. xv, 20, in Tim. i, 10. . Who hath, s]ieaking prospectively, abolished death, and brought life and immortality to light. If eventually death the hL-^t ciiciuy is to be destroyed, then man will have no enemy, and if the time ever arrives when mauAvill have no enemy, what will prevent his being holy and happy. He also tauglit the destruction of the grave, or ]i '11, hades, death where is thy sting, grave (hadets) whore is 'hy victory. In Eph. i, [), 10, he tauglit the final ingathi- lUg, or reheading of all men in Christ, having made known unto us the mystery of his luill, according to his good jyleasare which he hath 2^) a r posed in himself. Well what was it ? That in the dispensation of the fullness of times he miolit fjather tof^ether in one all things in Chi'ist, both which are in heaven and which are in eartli, even in him, in Phil, ii, 9-11, he tells us that every knee should bow to Christ, of things in heaven, earth and under the earth, and that every tongue should confess to the glory of God. This was not a forced subjection, but a reconciliation. If the reader will consult Col. i, 10, 20, he will see that all men are not only to bow the knee, but all are to be reconciled to God, 2nd Cor. v, 19, God was in Christ reconciling the world to himself, not imputing their trespasses to them. In Gal. i, 19, 20, we have " For it pleased the father, that in Hhn should all fulness dwell," and having made peace through the blood of His cross, by him to 7'econcUe all % 1 REV. MK. FOSHAYS PASTORAL. «- tfmiqs to himsAlf K,. I • T partif, o.. thlllg: ; , J ™- Is -''Other they bo ,,l,i„g,i„ ■n heaven, ealfch, Md under 7i,'"'m''^-^''"''^''>-^' "'^'l^ngs Phra-sis of the Hebrew and N ""Ji ''' '" " '''■""""'n Pen- the universe." pi,, ' ,'. ^"''^ New Testament writers for extent of natu.-al an ^^ ''^ Parallel lines between the ■■nmortnJ and sni S , u; "f,"'' "? ""^ »«« ^""'1. a«d of " As in Adam , // /; ' "" "'^' <'"'«'• Jst Cor vv o" guage IS so clear and f ,^l J^u^ '"'"■ ^ ''" apostle's lan- of «« wh„ are t 1 ''^«i^Et"«- «nai happiness We.w;ll bo .iltin,ateK a less ,„ 1, A ?,'■ "^'"''^'^-^ to Chnstians have supnosed t iVl °' , *''^ ffenerality of . frta„a. only, 6„, X7 o t J'^ '"i? '"?,«"« "* "'o horae the bnage of earth v ^ ' *'' -■^" ""'" '"^^e the ■u.age of"the earth ^^ '.?"', "n ^™ ''»^o borne "na-e of tlie heave iI^^^t u "''"" ''''•^° ''^'ai' the teaches tl,e final .joyous' suhjction of'""// /,'!'"P''''' ^'"'^ ilen Cometh the end whe, H,? i V^' """■''* '"^ '^'"l. J-u e, authority and power iWw''*'' ''•''™ P'" ^1°^" '''I hathput,.lle„e,nie.s'^^,^i:',:„i"' f '"''^ ™p till He be subject to the Father tint r„ ^''f *"',',' '*'''° ^^"n^'lf may we rapturonslv „. i ■ ■ , '"">' '* a" "i all. Well Adan. Claie ' Tan sav i'T';,'''"' ' J*' '.enevolent soul D pointed of l/er p," r;;'',; ^'JZ'^ ■>' ^'"='= f''""' 'hoe for a on thee Laith the C ''' l"'-^^>''"»t '^'" ^ ''■■^^^ "'"-ey will not alwa,,s be wroth an Hh^f il^ ^ t''"''"' '^'"" ««'' anger endle^. Isa. h'ii" uf^'ForT'" ",?' '"'^■" "''' forever, neither will I „ , ,„, J , ^""^ V,"?," "ot.contesrf assigned is, " For the spirit Z .1 W Vfl" '"'^ '■'"'«™ souls which I have S " P ' •"' ^^°''" ^e ^"d the merciful and gradouH low to''„n" ' ** "'," ^.'"^ ^'^ » mercy ; He wilt not al,mTl°^ ^':'', *"'' P>enteous in His L^orforeve? Mic??; .''Jf.; "««>-■ r'" He retain anger /OT-etw." Why' "bLIZ u,? 'V*'" "fh not His nj ■ bemuse fl-e dehghteth in mercy." 36 A REVIEW OF THE il Lam. iii : 31-33, " For the Lord will not cast off forever. But though Ho cause grief yet will He have compassion according to the multitude of His tender mercies." Ps. cxlv : 9, " The Lord is good to all, and His tender mercies are over all His works." David in a single psalm reiter- ates the expression, His mercy endureth forever, no less than twciity-slx times. Thus we have in a single psalm twenty- six emphatic contradictions of endless punishment. In Tim. ii : 1, we are commanded to pray for all men, for our enemies, even those who despitefuUy use us and persecute us, and to pray in faith nothing doubting. Why pray for all men if God has fore-ordained that all shall not be saved. We infer the truth of this doctrine from the fact that it is in accordance with the highest and holiest desires and expectations of all benevolently disposed and good men, and that the opposite doctrine does violence to the intel- lectual powers of man, and is repugnant to the better feelings of his nature. Just in proportion as the feelings of mankind become refined and elevated, and as their intellectual powers are cultivated and light and knowledge increase, just in that proportion will this doctrine spread and increase. Should we attempt to reason or philosophize on this subject what an array of objections would present themselves at every point. The future destiny of our race is a theme supremely vast, immenselvr important, and universlly interesting. No other subject so important can possibly employ the attention of human beings, and we m^y reasodahly conclude that -i/the Creator had subjected us to such a doom He never w^ould have left it contingent to the caprice of chance, or the will even of such weak^and fallible creatures as we are. And even were this the case He would have had it emblazoned on the heavens in burn- ing characters, endless death to the sinner. We would reasonably expect to find it announced with the most explicit distinctness in connection with the history of the introduction of sin into the world. But we search in vain. We would reasonably expect to mv?et with it in every book, chapter and verse of Revelation. But contrariwise we find that ever since it was established as a dogma of the church there has been discussion among diviiies as to whether it is in reality to be found in Revelation at all. REV. MB. POSHAY'S PASTORAL. g» sion being forced on IJZTvesZrM^ "T^'"" '' ''■^"•«- th.s suWeet we handed hi VeTbtww'rS-^' " ''?"'' he would point out to us thp fir^fl " ■*'"' ''«"l"«st that to prove the doctrine He he, 2r'^? '>' ""^ ^«"«' «° eaves for some minutesandaff^nV"''- '""■""'■ °™>- «'e ■ .n ftalms, " The wicked shall W' >"'?'?'' *° '^ P^'^^^go ft. ix : ir. Our t^Jlr , ^ '"™'^d into hell " &n point him- toihe iSpXln r^ °"^- ^« "^^'^ Lt to To detemine the trueCa"in» of7h°'"°" ^"^^^^'^ " ^ 31. so much apparent trouHe to nLf n^ ''^'T, ""^ '>»<' had amazed that he should tudEn" ^^ ^'" "°' ^ little covering a period of about a hi P,"''""'"*' ^a"'"'"' '"stoiy at so re'motS a period The fact 'nJ'lr'''' '"'^' """""^"^e only a few idiomatic naraboH^ , L'' '"**'«'■ '« that if rere legitimately expiaFned no %''«tive sentences It in the sacred recori ™' ^™''' ^''P^^t to find a »S rf^^Lf iji^/o.'sr n--^ °^ "-'^-^ - nnmipoTtant is the subject of L- '• ' ">»>nparably contrast. Still what an amounf of T' ^f ^l^tance, in what numerous volumes have blL *"'™aied discussion, amount of acrimony and inj-r r"','"' and what an among christians ^ on this eo'£ r ¥'" '^"gondered subject. "" ™'^ comparatrvely unimportant oriticled inlfrivlg'toTeSthtr •'?»"/»'^^ked, and and still the discusfion goes on W™?,'" "^"■"' ^"P*'"'- expenence of t'-s quite ?pcL?i ^^ ■ '•^^« «ad ample community. And ?f ven a ^ ofTb '" ?"■'' ™-" "«>« declarations and admis,sions of crinL I ?'*"" s'^'-iptural brought to bear in proof of fh; Z\ f- '"''S''"'' ">»' «n be be produced on eithCs de „f jhk'^ ?"."' ''" ™™ <'°"ld question must inevitably have Wn^Tt e' '?"''°'^^y- 'he long ere this. We are not «wl^ ? t M ®'""^'' P™ or con author as to the indspen,aMe,i'^''f ,"'•'' '''''^'''"g "four order to be saved is but web. ""^ "' ^'"^ immersed in Western States' W malt sZ?-'''°T''^''''^'^'^g'' *at n on immersion, and thfe^hev i , •" ^^o'-'tely contingent reservation. And "sTh^'T ?';'" '^ '''^™^''^ without 88 A REVIEW OF THE comimme with other Chirstians but a virtual denial of the christian character, and consequently that Hey are not in a salvable condition ? And thus the way is made straiqht and the gate narrow. We will offer a few further reasons why our reason and consciousness is forced to reject the docrma of endless punishment. 1st. It can result in no good to any being or beings in the universe, and is therefore not only useless but is infinitely M'orse than useless. 2nd. No such penalty was ever annexed to any known law given by God to man. 3rd. God never threatened any man, or any set of men, with any such punishment. 4th. No such punishment was ever threatened to man by any prophet, priest, or king, mentioned in the Bible 5th No person mentioned either in the Old or New Testament ever expressed any fears of suffering such misery Gth No person mentioned in the Bible ever prayed to God to be saved from such punishment. Sin had subjected the Psalmist to the lowest hell. He praises God for deliv- erance but never prays to be delivered from it. Psalms xviii : 12. In Psalm xxx : 3, " O Lord, Thou hast hrought ux> my soul irom the grave, (sheal, hell,) Thou hast kept me alive, &c. The good old king, Hezekiah, during his sickness, expressed himself as if he should die, and go to sheal, Isa. xxxviii : 10, Init never prayed to be prevented from going there. Jonah prayed out of the belly of hell and was delivered, but never prayed to be delivered from' a place of endless misery in a future state. In Ezekiel xxxii : 2G— 27 we read of certain men of war who had gone down to hell w'th their iveapoiis of ivar, and had laid their swords under their heads. The Saviour, accord- ing to Psalm xvi ; 10, and Acts ii : 27, and the apostles' creed, was three days in hell. But how is it to be accounted tor,that in the only form of prayer he has ever enjoined on us to use, he should have omraitted to solemnly enjoin upon us to pray to be saved from endless punishment, if he came to save us from it, and knew we were exposed to it. It is also absolutely unaccountable that the apostle Paul who wae deputed to preacli the good news to the Gentiles, and who declares that he had not shunned to declare unto them the tuhole counsel of God, should, in all his various epistles REV. MR. FOSHAY'S pastoral. 39 never have mentioned the various terms expressive of the •BOW popular meaniig of hell but in one sinc^o Ls ance w^|ere,tha3 unmistakeable reference to the liraUrave What a poor type was Paul of our orthodox evangel isfhaff a century a^o. The strongest terms respecting pun W of any kind ever used by Paul will be found'in 2nd ThTs 1 : 0, where he told the Thessalonian Jews that they should be punished with everlasting destrucUon,not endkslmhcry Wth/^r^""" of theLord, &c. Paul was .^H a^^ e o^f how the Jews would understand these terms, presence of t^^e Lord, s and before the Lord, appear befoi/cod tc into^^Hi' '^'^''^r'^'T ^he Wc. of the Li, not In t^i? punishment, but into the land of lYod. See fo l.'} p/"^' ''^^^ •• 20 : Beut. xix : 17 ; also Deut. xxix 10 ; 2nd Chron. XX ; 9; Jer. vli : 10; Rev xx-12 Lev So ■ n \ ^'¥ ^^vi»ur had, and the prophets previously' often threatened that r. ^,enerate nation vith clestrZlion everlasting punishm.at, &c., and Paul knew tha tS predictions were on the point of being fulfill and that they were then about to be driven out of Gok Ztence and he city and temple of Jerusalem, but he nevefthreat ensed either the Christians or Gentile with Lchr punish m' It t^T ''7 Tt ""''' ^^ ^^^^ ^^'-' expose^U t. cra^-t suneri^^?? ''" ^"'''' "^?.*^^^ "^ intolerence, witch, t on '^f f ^*^^/^' Jg-^orance, religious discord and persecu- of God I IT ^^i.Y.V^^S^^^ the universal paternity of ni^n ' .f -ITP'"'^?^ ^^^^r' ^^^^ ^^'^ ""i^ersal fraternity of men, as children ot one family of God. they never would have persecuted, and burned e.ch other at the stake 8th Nlf V . ' '"' notorious that it requires no proof- fause *7t7P--'"'' '' '' P'^^^^ *^ ^' '^' ^-««t prolific cause of madness, as our penitentiaries and asylums abundantly show. Thus we have shown that the doc rine IS repugnant to reason, and directly opposed to the d'c ates of benevolence, humanity and justice. The author of the pastoral does not scruple to ad^nit this, but denies that we have any right whatever to exercise our reason on this important subject. No, no, it is a dogma of the church and reason, the only discriminating faculty with which ou; Creator has endowed us, is not permissible 'f Hi ii I 40 A REVIEW OF THE Zf^o\Pn,!CJ:iZ.:n^J'''^"^'^^-^ - our and careful study of the scrinW '""'T "^ I"' « «»"«tant US that the salvation of ZJn'i ?"'"'^ '*""»"'"ff understanding of them Butff T I'i-P'"''^ ™ " ^'^ from their sfandards n fo™ LrJ'""' """ J»* »'• ««lo conclusions, we are then nron™ nl ? ■' ^7? "ons^dentious the worst people to be foumHn l'' '"f,"^"' ^"'^i«'«. and fnends are more eonsister?^n?-"'-'"°'''''- Our Catholic absolutely prohibited fton fo.™!?"'"'' ""^^ *^" »« ^^ a «. elusions on these im^rL;! T °'"" "*" fallible con- aJIowed to read llaZllllZTV''''' "« "<= ""» ends of prejudice to .all us 12 li ' '?''?: *"™<'«- the Ingersol but we are not awa i „t' """r ""'' "*' ^'th among Universalists, in wh^h hi, f ^.'^"''^''y ''"■''»'«=«. been endorsed, and if the truth l^ 'f'""^ "P'"'""" ^ay^ plainly apparent, tha we a ad™ "?'"'. '* ^™''' be more to stem the tide of »ff„- ""'?'"'''"°n. are doins flowin. in upon us, tCLfo her de'non, "f ?"'^ ''''' - .Thi character of God -ViT . . ■'?""'n"nation. destiny of our race, win have ^n b ""°" ""^ •^«™'''' ^^ the just and reasonable stenZin^, • P™'?"'*'^ ^^n' <» "ore otherwise, atheism and "nffi t„ "''!1, '' """^ the case, spread the christian world -^ ^'" "'"n^ately over- endeavSVtowtme^Jj;:;''!'', T ^^^ •>-« f-% merely an outline of the numr rn ^^°'''- •''''"• ^' « but tbi't with more space and «Kr? '^eriptural passag-es sustain our position^ ContemoW'' '"•"''' ^ P^duced" to 't IS not important, th«i thS^f. '""T.^'y "P"" it. If ever presented for the con sil",-"" ^i'J'^et which was J^orthy of one single moment W-'°" °I ""^^ ^bich % ;fe nnportance is" ac Wled„ed t'' all " V ' V"'^"^*^"'- well, m your minds Tf tl." ^ *"• Ponder it then and reasonable, receive if if ^''"''- "'°'^' " « scriptural you are a limitarkn or a ^iv^^Iff \ ^o^- ^b'^tb'Tr professor or a non-profes?or whS '' '^^"^^"'^ ^°« are a be oaer sect, or wheS^ 'option/?" ''•''°"!*° '^^ or -. ^ay you be blesfc^rall-fr aJTd Z^ ^mi '■ ^t ' \ REV. MR. FOSHAY'S PASTORAL 4J would serve a, a sequel to. and irhar muTt Ito t^ '"•"■ ture passages quoted in this review T ti , 1 T'^" knowledo-e of fliA fo«+o i '^'^^*^^' as it will add to a plea.uref„d profit oWu'rthTRr'' T"'""''' *° ">« difficulties whlh many tStf S ■*''^*^* ">« standing its meanin. i rafhe T "^""^ "^ "'"'"- -angenessandobse^;;:ftir;i;,srH:?;:.!!! SECTION I. - OMOIN AND USE OF METAPHoES. »apirL'dTre!':;d'':t «„ :!-t'"'^""^i ?™-'''- and maturity, it abounds Tn fig, ^e" andT„rV"^^"9y the first case from necessitv in •? metaphors ; in In a state of barbarism or of' s»v„ '^.f '=<'°'J f™m choice, few. the range oihhthZ^lTI^fi'^':- """"' ^'"'t^ »« his life is mostlv of the seme the lif'^'r*.''' ""'•<'^' ""'I course his speech takes if! „\!' f . "^ *« an™al. Of Without any knowlelf of r T ^™'" ''^ «'=Perience Ute^^ture oritelSaf culture hhV; '^''''^''' ^'* "» destitute of any terms or wnr I!' '^"^"''ge is necessarily his vooabuW^is y™y iLTd »!fr''"™ "^ *'^<''<= things; to objecfa of senL con s^ n„ r r^.' ""'"'"'<' "««% the names of thin^ of bnd^r/„„^ • J^ °* """"s and verb^ arefewwordsrpfekivroflw;-'''"'^''^''"'^- There "dependent and'^absZtf cwtr'^f •''"" l"'^ '° ">«'> there are few adjectives or descriptive terms"""'"' ^''■■■*' same ptt?Jgo;VhrnTLe5:,^*' ?"T "'-"S'' *« the language of a cWld ™ n T "P"'"' '^'''<='> ^^ see in ha. hut^few wordVrthosIUr?-^of^,j:l|!!i«3t^ 42 A REVIEW OF THE five wo,.j. .sud,r ;:^ r ";«r:,;)r"^f/"s "-<=■?■ leavn the word l)ro»,l 1 „*•. ■',,,■•'' f'^''^' I' '"^Y oar y able to go bevonnh n H •'" °"8 '"^f""-« '' «'"' ^ soon cakh Shames 1„ ","''"'? '^^ I'"'""""- I' ^V'ill before it can do ritetl Irtt as fe ;/f'', 'S^'"' 'f y^""'-^ tionato, watchful intM L * .? ",'^"'' devoted, artec- playful, wny^ treth^^:"?*" ' " *'' '"* ^' home-loving. tion, » tfl: Sf Jve*';tin:!rt:1,''^^'^^T' .»''"^'- science, philosophy andTettersThii ' "^ '""nation of and restricted uJoZL-^tV^Z ^'^'^'^ '""Suage being poor, they are constan ly coS 1,1 1> rZt tT ^""''^"™ '«""^' ures or metaphor.,:^ Hcn'^o the*^rv?.f *r°"P"''*°™''» %" the name of an anbnl t„l °^*' °* '"'" "^^ S'^*"g h™ So when the;"w::i;rdLc'X™ cun!,Tnr:rtfurin?"^'"^''- forth his'character And /C '" "^ figurative sense to set just in proportion to tlZTTZr '"^"""■P'-d treacherous person is " ainake ,1 tt '^''''.l'''"'^ " * footed runner is "a deer" or " » I ■ , * ** F^'"' ^ ™-"f' " a panther " or ■' a wild bo„T ■• X i ' ■* '''"•'^« "■''■■™'- i« ice L " water fast as" p '' heUen"" 'th;h''' '""K' »""" ■" grounds." &c. neaven is the happy hunting which"? sim ';; thfchl'""""';^" ^p^**''- °' -"^'-^pho-, sense to a >nf L^ thfrfS: tTT liti^ l^;!^ San|Lr:sTh;irifr:s^^^^ and deficient vocabulary of the"Talect "^ ^^ *" '"'"Sre vated-rnt:::-cred'by'lh:«roAlr:f'"="^,>t^ •"=» -'«' words an.l terms h.™ S^wth of civilization, and new borrowed by the poet ^hen^r ^"1^,'^ °' ^""^^ of letters ; then ficCe^ a.f/r*'''',''''' P^'lo^opher, the man . en n^ures and metaphors are multiplied again. 1*^ REV. MR. B'OSHAY's PASTORAL. 43 They are employed, not from necessifv, as in the former case but from choice, to add to tlie vaiiety, beauty, finish, and force of the composition or speaking. And thus as observed, in both extremes of poverty and wealth,' of Ignorance and culture, a language alxninds in figures and metaphors, in similitudes and poetic expressiolis. The North American Indians fve an example of the first ex- treme, and the poets and oiawOrs of Europe and America are an example of the last. SECTION II. — SCRIPTURAL METAPHOHS RELATING TO DEITY. T, ■[? ^i?^ ^^ ^^® ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ forth, it is easv to see iiow the Hebrew, in the early stages of its growth, would partake largely of metaphors and similes. Poor in deriva- tive and descriptive forms, or in adjectives and abstract terms, the people would be driven to figures and comparisons when speaking of the attributes and actions of Deitv or what they deemed such. Hence " the Lord is a man of war he is " the Lord of hosts," he is " a Rock," " a covert " a Buckler and a shield ;" all which are metaphors to express the manner in which he defends his people and shows himself " a very present help in time of trouble " And when they would describe his power, his omni- presence his justice, they speak of his "right arm," his eye, from the place of his habitation he looketh upon all the mhabitants of the earth," "the Lord weigheth the ■ spirits. feo " he rides upon horses and chariots," " walks upon the wings of the wind," " dwells among the children of Israel "talks" with the patriarchs, " comes down on Mount Sinai, he " laughs," he " awakes " he " rests " kc It would be absurd, and shocking to our reverence to understand these expressions literally; but it would be equally so to interpret literally those passages which ascribe to God human passions, infirmities and weaknesses. As we have seen, they are the necessities of all languages and peop es m the earlier stages of their culture And so difiicult IS It, always, to master the idea of purely spiritual existence and action, that we of to-day are com- pelled to resort to similar forms of speech in expressing our thought of Deity, His character and action. " 44 A REVIEW OF THE * n ^"^®^ ^^^^ ^^^^ come all those passarrpa w^^vi, -u to God— ^eaZousy, " I am a i eal on rrv!]'^° "^^ ^""^^'^ 3 angry with th^e wicke" eCy C " "^1^^"^^. m Mine anger :" or wm^/i "fUf ' i u ,, ^f kindled up in His wrath ; ''o^haLd ^tL - t^F ^'^^""^ *^^«» loveth violence. Hi^V^Xteth ; '' rt;^ 'tC/'1 will come with firo nnrl wUK u- r. • . /.^^' 1 he Lord to render Hranger w ^ W ■ 'f'T"^'' '""' " ^'"rfwincl, the day of the L^rd oTlIosfa, I davV"^""™""' " TW-^ is may avenge him of hL advmarlej" ^ ™"«''"'=°''' ""^'^e "Upon the'wS H:™hall "' '"* "^^ *« '"""^'"g: .ton^, and anTorriblfl*; t™ ft xr^t r', '7™- shall be revealed in flaminrfir,. fJt- ^"° ^°''' Jes™ that know not God, anT^b^ It IhTSr" 2 ?^' ""'? Because of these thinsrs tbe w-Th, t Sfospel. 2 Thess. i. children of disobedLTefVEphT ^^ouv -"jf °", *'l the wrath of God on the earth." Rev xv[ "'' "' figures representing the severitv nf P„! ^'"^?' '•"'X are wickedness ; and they arlno more tn r"""!,"'"* "' literally than the ohrases " w™ti, t ?j ° ''" ""derstood . of B.4;V' the%Crof\h:s?o™ "t ""^°'" " *'^'' ""S- of J«dah™'l wiFi'brf" • '■1^°'^ -^ »y'"g '0 th^ people stretched hanland with fT* ^°" '"y^^" ^"^^ "» <>"'- in f ary, and in tiat l^'T^ Ti '?™ '" ''°g''r, and inhabitknts of this dtv bntb ^",1 ^ ^'" ""^ '^e set My face /gSStlLXlT e^l td' „ot'' T ' '^^7 saith the Lord • if qVioII l^ • • , ', ^'"^ "^* ^O'' ^ood. of Babylo^:i^„dllter7H ^th^":?"^ "^ «>«' ^-^ be mov°ed1; W TZ!^""^ ^^^'"^' "^ P^?'^ ^ ''e cannot terms are a^le to h^'^C S4'"'p%"'"* ^^''^ angry and wrathful when"t"^^ s^L" ' desfr^^ ZtZC HEV. MR FOSHAT'S PASTOHAL. 45 or when they inflict mutual evil or calamity ; the calamities and judgments falling on a people for^ heir Mns are ascribed to the anger or wrath' of' Go,l. And God S represented as fighting personally against them and destroying them ; though at*^the same tin^and in Te' same breath almost it is said that the destruct on of the ci?v is to be the work of Nebuchadnezzar. ^ The same remarks apply to those texts which sneak nf S '■-yt'^'^S that He had created ma, rerntinc that He had made Sau king recentin,, if v f judgments on his people. Gen. vf ISam xi k cvi As men alter their course, or cea.se from what they are te 7,1"^" '^''f ^^"y ''^™ done, because hey have changed their mmds or plans, or made mistakes, ofrcpent of their course ; so when there seems to be a change in thn course of providence, or God reverses the ordS S Ss action. It IS ascribed to a like change of feelin °or nurnosp on his part, and ho is represented a.s repentin/This former coui-se This was the shortest and moft direct way, and perhaps the only way at that period STincm stic di.wf'™"' *'!''"' P'^'^^age'^ '«'l"ch attribute to God the dispositions and passions, and even infirmities of man take on a highly dramatic fonn. There is a striS ancl rightly understood, really beautiful example of th| n Gen. xv„, where the Lord is represented as not know- ng the exact condition of affairs in the guilty citieHf the plam, and so resolving to " go down°> and see for " rf Ihe Zd' r",' ""r '"'^°rS judgment on th/m And the Lord said, because the cry of Sodom and Gomorrah is great, and because their sin is very Zevous ImU go clmon novj and see whether thev hive done m^s if rti"wii/i ^-^ ?.■? °' i*' "''''='>- -- -"0 lue , ana ir not, 1 will know it." Becaimo i fnifVif„i ^^.a 2!:tfort at"^^:? Tf"''y i^ksttrand f/;; i^^f tne case ot the accused before passing sentence so Cma IS represented, in this bold drainatic style as doinr, the same thing in the case of Sodom; by'^which Z^ly^^ 4G A RBVIKW OF THE expressed the perfect equity and ju.stice of all God's deal- ings witli the wicked and criminal. Alter reading such pisscii,'(H as the preceedin^, we are ready, without much rort(!otion, to say that the Bible IS, above all otiuir books, metaphorical, abounding, in un- intelJi;,ahlo tiopesand H<^ures of speech; and some are even inclined to ask if it was written for our instructi«)n, why it was not written as plainly as we talk, in homely every day phrase :* We sa^- directly what we mean — why do not th«3 Scriptures, if they are intented as a revelation ? Whai' is the use of ftgures, when the fact in plain worda WAii\ have been so much better ? Hv. think a multitude of Bible readers, and yet a little reflection would show tlu>m that the people of the Bible days, if they should come auiong us now, would bring the same charge against oui- daily speech. Really, at bottom, we are no more matter of fact in our address tlian they, with an allowance for the diti'erence of nation- al cliaracter, civilization, language and culture. How common are such expressions as these. "The thou^rht struck me ;" " I have a certain person in my eye ;" " he cast rapid glances over the cloud ;" " their hearts leaped up ;" " the mouth of a river ;" " the head of a bay ;" " the foot a mountain ;" '• the wings of time ;" " a sea of faces ;" " an ocean of flame ;" &c. Now, there is not a metaphor in the whole bi-eath of the scriptures, Old and New, more unnatn'-.i!, or literally considered', move absui'd and sensele.-,^ then these. And a people unaccnstomed to this kind of figures could make nothing out of them; aiid they might ask of us, " Why do you not say what you mean ? Why not say directly you think this or that, instead of representing thought as a man standing up and striking you ? Why do you say you have a person in your eye, when you only remember or see him ? And equally extravagant is it to talk of a sea made of faces, or an ocean of flame." ( Rev. xv : " Sea of glass minded with fire.") ^ But however absurd these metaphors to a Jew, they are simple and intelligible enough to us, because we are accustomed to them. And so with those of the ' k RKV. MR. FOSHAY's PASTORAL. 47 Bil'Je; \yhen once they become familiar anv how easily we full into the use of figures representing Uocl ,.,s a man, or as having a human form, and acting accordingly. And Bible phraseology whirh we actiiall? coiKlemn m reading, as derogating from the spiritunlitv and majesty of God, we take into our hymns, and sing without a word of objection. For example : " He darts along the burning sky ; Loud thunders lound Him roar; Through worlds above His terrors fly, While worlds below adore." " He binds the worldwind to His car, And sweeps the howling skies." "rS-^ ^r^.''^'";"' ^"^'^ <^larkness veils the moon, i he fainting sun grows dim at noon— The pillars of heaven's starry roof Tremble and start at His reproof." " On cherubim and seraphim Full royally he rode, And on the wings of mighty wi- Came flying all abroad." These are as bold figures, and in their literal inter- pietation as contrary to fact, as any in the scriptures, ^yet, taking them out of the scriptures, we sing them without a;ny question of their propriety. They have be- come, a8 It were, domesticated wth us, and we lose sight ot the metaphor m the idea it represents, in the thought ot which it is only the vehicle or symbol. I( 48 A REVIEW OF THE f ! SECTION III_MBTiPH»B8 DE.IVED FBOM loCAL ClSrOMS AKD OPISIOBS. socal stats, occupations, arts aTdSnce' o„t of . !"? they come; or at least a knowledse of fl,» 1 -^ '"?.'' cation and usar>'e of thpm 'cv ? , special appli- of the prophet^ of PauT-n,l^,i^''''J?P'^-' ^'""^ ^l^^days advanced in everv demrtmiJ' f ?' *", "?"■'<• ''''^ ?'■«*% improvements and eTta nil r/'?''^' ''"•* "'^teri''' phors have ariseTout of ttre Xl^^'T' """^ '"«^*- anoients. We have a varietv of ti^^ unknown to the speech drawn from steambLtf ™f ®' i""^ ^-"^^ of the printing press^nnowdJ^ ** railroads, telegraphs, micrlcope,^i^3rSS h? u '?,*''^ ''?*™°°'"3'> the the Jew of the Old Testrment .''?"'"'" V"'"*«'«gi''le to knowledge of the treat f^nK^ ''f ^"f?,."^' «<"ild have no have their oriein ^ T„ o/l. . '""' ,^"*!''«^ '" "hich they this respect hf must firJtL ""'^^'•^''^"'i our speech in roads, /rinilTde^fchtl^^rt^t:^^^^ occupations: we must r^nlii ° f "«-?t/°«toms, arts, and points, if we expeTto Srlrthf T"-''^° °" '^'^ in the Scriptures A^a„ Zf i •?, ''""^'ons to them knowledge^ such p^ssa°es n? t' '""'"""'^'^ particular "the ellers h^ve'cSU; ZVtl'-'^'^'u-'^'l?!^'' = are crushed in the eate •" " i,^ ^f, ' '"' children the gate;" "tW^turn ^.jl^ T"'"" ™ "^'^ °"°"> i" "they hate him^that rebntfh • ^T '" "'*' S'^'" '" evil and establish iudUent?"ft.»' *^ „??*«; " "hate 13 known in the gates^' aTl .ll?t,» ^f U ''"' ''"'''and ga^e and the eiLtsaidte^'l^^XS?'"- - *"« kn^ tte^Si^r ,ts ThTifd^'^^" ^''^ «°- '» distinguished fSr theTr w LdoVand tt;"'; ''S^'^ ?^». assemble at the gates of the toTn ^ '"'jgrity, used to on benches, to ilar and ndf,,!? ' '^''^'•'' *'?«y sat together among the VeXaTd :fall» re r: f?r'" of controversy. The object in asseSglt^heVate:! REV. MR. FOSHAY'S PASTORAL. 49 fheir caule brf^.; C / ,C"?,k" wrVT'" ^™»T what i/meant V or;4Lh,g «:';oV Sti ^ ft"" the sheep, lor their uvariee in enricliino- theraselve,.,,,!! hv,ng luxuriously at the expense of the Pe , le " W^b Ana with what exeeecling beauty David pictares the -K.nmjr-iA.^^-mt^^mmi'i ¥ \ I. 1 I I 50 A REVIEW OF THE tenderness of the Divme care in a metaphor drawn from this occupation, with which he was so well acquainted^ his youth, when he watched his father's sheep • « The Lord IS my shepherd, I shall not want. He inaketh me to he down ni green pastures ; he leadeth me beside the still waters. Psalm xxiii. And Isaiah says, in the same pther the lambs with his arm, and carry them in his bosom, and shall gently lead those that are with young." ^1 ^"l^ i^J""^^? ^- *^^ Saviour carries the metaphor through all the changes of this pleasing occupation /and dec ares himself to be " the good shepherd who givith Ins life for his sheep " who " calleth his own sheep by name, and leadeth them out ; and goeth before them and the sheep follow him, for they know his voice." And then, at the close of the exended metaphor, with what torce and directness he announces the comforting and joyful truth of the final ingathering of all the wandeiW sheep: "And other sheep I have, which are not of this lold; them also I must bring, and they shall hear my v^ice ; and there .hull he onefold, and one shepherd.'' And thus clocs he confirm the te-iching of the parable of the i^ost Mheep for whom the slioplierd " goeth into the mountains, jindeceJceth until ''he hath found it, "and then laying it on his shoulders, returneth home rejoicino-. Matt, xviii., Luke xv. "^ "= Tlius through these beautiful figures, do the Scrip- tures teach the ever-blessed truth of the Lord's tender mercy, and solicitous watch for t]>e welfare and safetv of his flock, and the certainty that at last every lost sheep shall be found, brought back from the wilderness, restored to the one fold, and evermore be permitted to lie down in the green pastures, and rest by the still waters of the heavenly Palestine ! Many examples of scriptural tropes and fi •-^ force to tlfem w1> ch it eoSd , ot ,?. 'f ' '™"''^ ''"^ never seen these mountains ™ '° ""'' "'>" ''=''• wealthy women^oflsS^f''.,'"',"''^^ ">« ""We and to us bL]er?ns ot .e absme:r '^'t "P'-'^han, it seen.s Bashan was noted fo' the "^ness of" t!" n"'/""' ""' the beauty of its cattle herds "^seotl,,t%F '"•'"'' ■""'^ this, making- it a symbol nf+i?i ' *'"^ P^'nt is in of Israelitis^ wtm ^ ''^'o",; f ^"J /""? wantonness abundance. Amos iv ^; °-i *'*""■ "'•'"^^ •i"'I ^^iii: when Joseph s'caneT" '-^'""l"^^ "' ^^eut. Dan "alion>swhX"and pi *r^°"'f •^""o<="." and called " a strong ass '" ^"- ''"'^ = "'«"•« I^^'ichar is Jewst d 'of" their'd^slSon ' "fS;!"""" °^ «'« "--^ed hand, and he will thorou" hlv ' T?'T '^^"' '^ "' '"« his wheat into hi?~° butZ^' It ''''"' ""'' S-'^'th" with unquenchable fi,™'^' '" ''"" "P «'« 'haff of wil!tvi°f ch:ffrtr''t°'" '^ f' "" fr«™ «■« '"^thod "■• fan, throii^gtp theth°ea?'?i- '"'•'^"^^'' '^ «""™' ohaffintoaheaDono„i -1 *, "'" «'"i,» manner of speaking, used liy the holy prophets an iLn, liiiis, according to the prophet Hao-o-ai i; r n i ^ ' 'Zi/./ r T/'"' ^^^°^'^^i^g to Isaiah Ixv. 17, God sa J .....^..., ,..^,,, ^^^ ^^..^, new heavens ami the n/' , 56 A REVIEW OF THE earth which I lulll make, shall remain before me ' This agrees with Rev. xxi. 1, where we read, 'Ami I saw a new heaven, and a new earth; for the forn.er heaven and tJie former earth had passed away : and there tvas no more sea. Nor does St. Peter differ from this, when he says in his second epistle, iii. 13, ' NevertheUss, we, according to his promise, look Jor new heavens and a neiulearth: All these passages mean that a new scene of aftaii-s was to be intro- duced into the world, by the Messiah, so that it might be considered the beginning of a new world or age. ''I cannot persuade myself to withhold from the read- ers ot this dissertation, a learned comment, which John Uwen offers upon this last-named passage in St. Peter He observes that the apostle, in verses o, G, 7, mentions two worlds-the oZ(Z one, which had perished by water, and that of the then present time, which was to be consumed by hre Then, in the 13th verse, he announces a third world, to succeed the destruction of the last: ' Accordinq to his promise, lue look for new heavens and a new earth wherein dwelleth righteousness: It is not the visible heavens and the material earth, of which the apostle treats in either passage; because that old world of which he speaks^ had been already destroyed by water, and yet the material heavens, together with the meterial earth still remained. By that ^orW, therefore, must be under- stood, mankind living in the world. They having been destroyed by the deluge, there was founded another u-orW tor the proper observance of the worship of God The foundation of this world God placed in the family of Noah; but the whole fabric was completed by the or^an- '^t^T^! i^'^ '^"'^^"^^ ^^"^•^^- ^^^ ^l^is was the world which St. Peter, in that passage, predicted, according to the prophetic style, should be destroyed by fire. To this purport, we read in Isaiah li. 15, 16, ' / am the Lord thy irod that divideth the sea, whose tuaves roared; the Lord of Hosts IS his name. And I have pvi my luords in thy mouth, and have covered thee in the shadow of my hand that 1 mipht plant the heavens, and lay the foundations of t/ie earth, and say unto Zion, thou art m i people: At the time therefore, wlien God, dimding the ''m, and lead- ing forth his people out of Egypt, entrusting to them REV. MR. FOSHAY'S PASTORAL. ' 57 his word or his law, with the solemn appointment of his wonship thus forming them into a church for him- self then It was that he instituted and finished this niw worklthe J^avens and the earth spoken of. And at th^ time when Peter wrote, this world-i, e., the Jewish Chuilh now apostatized, was about to he destroyed by fiie after the same manner in which that old world had perished in the deluge. It was by the conflagration of the temple and of the city, that tlie system of that world was dissolved And the apostle commands the believers to look for ano- ther world, tor new heavens and a new earth, accordin^r to he pronnse of God. That promise is found in Isaiah fxv 17, and likewise, in the same words, in chapter Ixvi. 32 Mold, _ says he. '/ mill create new heavens and a new earth oufer .shall the former be remembered nor come into rmnd. In these passages the prophet describes the slate of the church after the advent of Christ, when as if s exrn^essed m the 21st verse of the last chapter, God should take of he Gentile for priests and Levites, or, in other words, when he should institute the gospel ministry. This state of the church, therefore, was wont to be designated before the conflagration of tliat second world, as tlio n-J to come, or the future world ; even as St. Paul teaches us, ^^.Tfl ')' ^f-'7'' y-.^\«^yi"g. '^'or unto the amjeh hath he not 'jmt mto .»h,,rfUm the icorld to come of which we speed-'; and likewise in chapter vi. 5, where he' says, And have tasted the r/ood word of God, and the powers of the world to come,' Therefore, that first or old world perished m a deluge of water; the secSnd, or that existing in the apostle's time, he declares should perish bv hi-e; but the future he intimates, was to endure even to the consummation of time. Thus for Owen in Theoloou- minus. Lib. iii, cap 1." '-uiu^u Other examples of thepc figures maybe seen in Eev vi where "the stars Ml unto the Em th," ^^hich, shows tlmi itcannotbeunderstoodofthematerialheavenlybodiessince the stm-s are suns millions of times larger than the earth —in Psalm xi., where "God rains fi.re and brimstone and an horrible tempest on the wicked," where the metaphor is doubtless taken from the volcanic eruption and liffht- ning tempest which caused the destruction of Sodom and 68 A REVIEW OF THE Groraorrah, — in Rpv yiV »;,. the false prophetare " cast in^'f^- '1''^" .*« ■""«' ''"'i with brimstone," "tV smoke If ^h" ^ "^ ^'^ ''""""S up for ever and er^r " ^'" '"'"f 'heir torment ascendini tU the jer7o^eX;„r'rtL"x:«rtt'^ ^--Tf' even now, th? «hoL reWon of H ' ° ^^' ''''°^«^«- And hitable proof of its volS f '« '^«"1 sea bears indu- therofore, that, th ,, ■ ^ forHrr'"''- " '^ "»' ""-""go. the vengeance of otern^ fi :'" JuXT) t,r'P'-?- ''"'^'^""S manner of their destruction >,l,n,.T 7'-^ "lose cities, or the of 11.0 and l>.iin.stono an 1 s^;,„T «,"'"'*,*'>« "otaphor the divine j„dg,„t"trontnni:L'ftL':y"''f°f profe,s«o,.s, apostates and persecuting Cfctn '' "" '"''" exainpfrof\it\fe"t&;"'s"'f-^"'''''''- '- "^ "- should despise tr^wsSr.^' .^P'^^^.^'f^Soi those who land of their abode 'Zl u° ' ' '] "',"' ° ''""" ''»<" the of Sodom andGoinoiilh/'crutSx 20-24' "'"•"""^ symbolic of^'ji^l'ntr tr'l c'"'" ,"f'"-« "^ -' ''" chapter and the Rnnl *! I ^"''"''ot better close this reacfer to the etuis°toiv r.i^/^/lT""^' *« '"'"'' ^ 'ho cal prophet where nth^ c'-^''-''^"' ''S"res of the evangeli- blesiings of f^^e We"ianl r ' "'TS"^ W'n.'lescribes'the which is tote the «wn of f-f""" ^^^f"^^ -'estoration of Christ and lii 0^'? tl l » ^ i"'^' ^''•"'" "«' '^"'"'■'g howling m/'°' Holmoss " over which 10 ovil or ID IS saia, liut the redeemed shall walk f}ior« • „«.! *u .•an™,„cd of the J.„rd .si.,!! return InTcoVerZionvvth song, and cvoHn.ting joy upon 'their head^V they ^^n Wliat a delightful and inspiring representation of th^ renovating forces of the gospel in the worhl ,ad "L „ even a barren waste, by fhe'haleful in h ' n -H sin ThJ moral wilderness shall hurst into living sm in 'sa„,"treans fin'.M rT t? *,''? 'T- ■""' "^« ™»'^ Uces of eviUhall LeSon^atun aVth ^'T'"'''"^' ^""''^ '"'' f"''4'« xicoanon, ami in all the glorious heautv of Oarmeland Sharon; while the "way of Hc.links," rurminc. ike a rack of light through all this land of promise lea.K , n f. ?i gates of Paradise and over it cro!vW| pi )l ii "t i j ii