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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 3:x 1 2 3 4 5 6 ^:^> ."/ '1 .V' M E M O R A N D U M SHOWING TKK SITUATION AND RESOURCES OF THE SEIGNIORY OF TERRA FIRMA OF MINGAN AND THE SEIGNIORY OF THE ISLES ET ISLETS DE MINGAN L 'ii 1 ^sm^ F/ I |r;>'M: ,.Jl t m n •if-M h » { « I a H of s i 5 INTRODUCTORY NOTE. The Proprietors of the Properties of the Seigniory of the Terra Firma de Mingan and of the Seigniory of the Isles et Islets de Mingan, desire to dispose of these Properties to a Limited Liability Company, with a view to their development. For all particulars apply to Alexander Dennistoun, Esquire, 6 Belgrave Place, Edinburgh, where nearly fifty Photograph Views of the Property, taken in the s'n..,mer of 1883, can be seen. SEIGNIORY OF TERRA FIRMA OF MINGAN. the wCSZS'ria ^vrf ^ V' fTl'-^^^^- F-ceto by his descencUnts '" ""^ ''''' '"^'^ '""• ^'^^'^^'^^ generations LoJ Go tl/X™"™:' tt'S[ "' "" «— -«-»l of Canada, territory ,ro,n Ca^ ZZLllTZ^TJ^f «' H»'>""«8e " for the demonstrated to be lira-Iore ftavon tL p f'^,?'' Espagnols," which is new title to the territoiy speowL ^'°" °''""'' "''' " '" '■^"'J' » othe'^.Tid°re Silf """" '^'^^ '° "'^ """-■^ -^'^ C™P«ny. -^ n«m!*„r:ar„i°tn7i:2Tr"°'"^^ abound in vXabferainLlf T '°"'' "°'' ''"' ~™">' ''<""' '"""'i 'o become of e_ vlhTe °"'' "«""" «" 'P""-'™ =" -?"«• '» SEIGNIORY OF THE ISLES ET ISLETS DE MINGAN. ChevZtClZJ^tJSn'i,' T,:'''^''^' ■"» VDnchesnean lonis Joliet, and \^T]^lf„.f' '" "" ^"™ •'""I"" ''« "a-de et The gmnt ™ eltolrbvlhlt*™"''™ "^^ """' <'=»"nd»„ls. "*xh?b"' -^.""-'■-"Scrbr ,:\rr""'' » *= boundary, to the bay called I'An^. "". ''""' ?'"' °°™°™"'' "" «stern and four hundred tanmnbJ tb., '" , f °8"*- '^'"'J' "« "<''"«'' «■« miles b^ad; theVlTa ta man! . T ,''t"S *»■'* «=■■ -i''^' I-S and Ave thickly wooded JtC^e.^S.^^f ^^.^ °™' ™^ ™- »'■ *em a,e MEMORANDUM Showing the Situation and Resources of the two properties known as The Seigniory of the Terre Ferme de Mingan and The Seigniory of the Isles et Islets de Mingan. These properties are situated on the north shore of the Gulf ot ht. Lawrence, in the Province of Quebec, Canada. They are coterminous in extent, the western boundaries being at Cape Cormorant, which is about fifteen miles to the east of the river Moisic, and the eastern boundaries at the Baie des Espagnols, winch IS a short distance to the west of the Straits of Belleisle. Ihe distance between these two points is about 350 miles. The Seigniory of Terre Ferme de Mingan, with the length just given, has a breadth of six miles, making an area of about 2100 square miles, or 1,344,000 acres. The Seigniory of the Isles et Islets de Mingan consists of upwards of 300 large and smaU islands. The i. ■ ./est is about ten miles long and five miles broad. Numerous excellent harbours are found in both of these properties, and every acre on them belongs to the present pro- prietors, no concessions having been granted or sales made. Ihe o^^Tiers of these properties thus virtuaUy control and command the best sea-fishmg waters attached to the Dominion of Canada. The right of sea-fishing in any of these waters is, of course available to every British subject, but the profitable business of catching and curing fish can only be carried on by those who have possession of either the mainland or the islands for erecting hshmg and curing establishments. The present is a peculiarly appropriate time for directing attention to the great river and sea fishing resources and other undeveloped wealth of these properties, in consequence of the vast countries VrLZVoZ '"""'"> """ " '"^«l "> ''" H.It.H. the Di.ke „f F,t,i r , „ " '"'P"™ I"e|>»iecl l,y States c"lli, to 1 i^ ,' '^ *';• ,"r" ^o"*' United M.P., and b^M Tone ;sorthe"™V^''f'"^^ ''^ *''• !*»"■ eno™„.„deie.opi7fttti'ri;;;;:t:^:?;;;^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ outlay of «pt^lF„rthfm;lTl"'r"'' «'"■''" "'" P^fit"!''' Net-fishing for salmon at more than eighty stations Net-fishmg for seals in winter. ^ stations. Seal-hunting with steamers in Gulf nf cjf t and April. ^^' ^'^^^ence ni March Cod-fishing with boats and hand-lines. Cod-fishing with boats and schooners by long lines Cod-fishmg with nets aa in Norway ^ Herring-fishing with nets. Mackerel-fishing with nets and hand-lines. Steam-trawlmg for halibut, cod, haddock, plaice etc Manufacture of cod and other fish oils Manufacture of isinglass and fish guano. varied industries of the territory "^'^^^P"^ent of the ri.e long mntor and Hovero climate is against the cultivation of the Ho.l^ but potatoes and turnipn have l.een grown at the f f.idHon 8 Buy Con.pany'H post at Mingan for eiglity years. The average return of potatoes luir. heen ten bu.sliels for eveiy one planted. For some years oats h.-.ve also been cultivated at St. Johns nver near Mingan. and cut green to make winter fodder for cows, which are successfully kept ut many st^Mons on the coast. THE SUPPLY OF LABOUR. The question from whence the supply of labour to develop these hsiiei-ies could be obtained is a very important one. The services of a gentleman having great experience in the development of Canadian fisheries could probably be obtained as Manager, and under him, as Local Ovei-seers, two or three others wlio have heretofore very successfully established and prosecuted such fisheries on the coast. A certain number of men experienced a« hsherinen and shoremen could be hired from among the popula- tion resident on the properties, and from the French parishes of tJie Province of Quebec. There are about four thousand natives of the British Provinces employed in the fisheries of the New England States of America, many of whom would gladly return to their native country on obtaining similar profitable employment. A large proportion of the fishermen employed in the French hsheries of Newfoundland and its banks leave France every spring, and return again every autumn. Many of the men employed by Jersey fishing firms on the south shores of the Gulf of St. Law- rence leave the Channel Islands, and return again every year. Ihese facts may lead to a careful inquiry :— Could not the fish- ing crofter population of the Highlands of Scotland find profitable summer employment in these Mingan fisheries, with great benefit to all parties concerned ? • ^f '''^^^"ndred men coidd be taken out in a steamer from a port in the West Highlands of Scotland, and landed at Mingan in ten or twelve days, at a cost of not over £2, 10s. per head, and after a summer s work on the coast could be returned at the same cost. Should they not desire to remain.— leavmg in May, returning in m BEPORT 0^ THE SEiamoUY OF MIMA^. extends from Cape 00™"^^! tL ^""^ f ^'- ^"^n^. and des&pagnols. the easter^^^j^^^*^™ '«"'«'a,y, to the Baie -i^:^C:t^^^Of^^. ^Wth a ..eadth Dominion of Can^a, and tit. I 'f ^^»-««'»"S waters in tl,e t'J'en by the squatteCn St '■"^™ "'' "« P'°duce of the sea :-o,^jv:%hrtr:r„?r^^^^^^ ■»<• <* ^s i. ^almon fisheries are car-ried « Zt °'^"; '"='' ''"•«« ""d valuaWe fisheries are worked. Ci" ; lll^ °" "'" °"'*'- ««''* ^nailer seimrate licences to set 1 *= '*'^°" "'' '882 eighty-five boundaries. '"* *^»>»'' "ets were issued wWfin its h.4«rt1fo?at^'3;;^^^^^^^^^^^ "ed o„ by steamers b.filt tr "^.l nf ?17' ",""'' ™'s'>* W be entered i„ the harbouL of Mn? r'"* ''''«- "'ght Nataahquan. The small Iv «^"' Esquimaux Pouit and property have for yerlrhaT'^""''"' ^^ '''"""^'■^ °» '"'e but such schoone JhaveCchan/""? ?*"™^ ^""" ">« ente.prfee «on w,th steamers, in cSr:Srr"'"""'"' »«-P^^ ^^?-bXf «f ^^^^^^^^^^^ eod, plaice ----vthe-hottnr«7-^i^ IlfGAIf. f Mingan is ^vrence, and to the Bale h a breadth iiiles. 3res. ers in the ' of the sea amounted id it is in- d valuable bt smaller ■ighty-five -'ithin its Mning the it be car- se might ^int, and ' on the iteiprise, compari- plaice, istances he year 1881 the value of the cod fishery within the Seigniory was about .^500 000 or over £100,000, and this amount coy^e ethane d manifold by the judicious use of increased capital and labour There are several Jersey fishing firms squatters on the pro- perty, who have erected large establishments for catching and cunng cod, which they export to the West Indian islands, Brazil and the countries bordering on the Mediterranean Sea. These fi^-ms employ men brouglit out from Jersey for the season, and also men hired in the French parishes of the Province of Quebec Ihe fishing IS a together done with hand-lines. If steam trawlers and nets for catching cod. such as those now used in Norway were commonly employed, the catch of fish of all kinds would be very greatly increased. le fishery for mackerel, halibut, and sea-trout IS now almost entirely neglected, though formerly extensively car- ried on by Americans and by the Hudson's Bay Company with much success. Ihese fisheries are ceitalnly capable of gr^lt deve bp ment. The manufacture of seal oil, cod-liver oil, and of isinglass and guano, or fish manure, from the offal of all fish caught, could be carried on extensively and profitably. The property has been gradually squatted on during the last twenty years by a number of Acadians and French Canadians, with others, who have built about 400 houses, of the average value of abou $200 each, or MO to £50. None of these squatte^-s have obtained any right of possession, and can be removed or made to pay reasonable rents, by the owners of the property ' A large portion of the Seignioiy is covered with a thick growth of spruce, birch, and other trees perfectly adapted for the supply of wood required for all fishing and boat and schooner buildW purposes, and for the manufacture of barrels and boxes to be used lheTn?f"^. ' ?• •' '^'" '^" P"^P°^^ °^-^^i"^ «^-coal for the manufacture of iron. Any number of railway ties! which might be easily shipped, could be procured. ^ The property contains vast beds of rock iron ore, and also of magnetic iron sand ore, which latter can be obtained simply by surface digging; and the deposits contain from 20 to 60 pei cent of pure magnetic peroxide of iron. A cheap and simple process by the use of magnets, the success of which has been thoroughi; tested on a large scale separates the pure ore from the sand and other impurities with which it is mixed, so as to contain not more i nil; 8 been discovered and « Jtta/rX! .'"'TT ""■* ^"»' I-"™ has proved to be uneq.talkdi'^f ?*'<•'""' ">" '*'<'' «» »'"1« finest kinds of outkrvtolii ^ ''*^ *"• ™«™&otim„g the Excellent fly-iishiL forZ '^ . ^ °' ^reat value. most of the /v«f rl r rou^h'th?"*""* '^ °''''''"'''^'« ™ months of June, July and Ll,Z^\, Property, during the communication with^ the 00:!'^^ '"''"'", '^ ^^S"'" ''»='■» revemje would be obtained CliToftLe'S'- " '"''" When considering the va.liio ^r rod-flshmga necessary to bear in .»ind tit fact tha'tir^ °' ^""^ ''»''• '* - for the million, is becoming year by year! ' "?" "*'"'<' "f f""'' sumption by the populatiof both nf f? «^"'**'' "'^P'" "f »»■ and that by the improvrf proTe^te^ „ "i'^ ^^^ ™d of America, refrigerating cam and stelmerfor thlif f''"^ ^''^ '"'' *^ "«« "^ and ice, fish of all kinds cTn now b. *'TP°'^' Packed in snow sound state all over !„",„,'"* 'V PS*"*'^ ^^^h and Mingan fishing.grounds It ™,r.1 T". ^ ''''''™' fr""' the the large mafs of human food thus . ^™k!"*° '^™""' ^^t requires no attention or exnenl f ^a-nable from fisheries domestic animals used for foS FifbT,"^"' ^ ^ *''^ "^c with selves, and the ye,y valuab 'har^J TtCr "'r" "^ *''- «P af^^^fand-l™:- Xe^XU ^f "C' tt ;™ior f ?=Se^"'^ " "^ "' Company rented from the Set 10^^^' '""^ ""''^''''^ B-^ fisheries of the Seigniory In T. I L ^'"*^" "" 'h* salmon of Canada passed L Act'apprVrtw ^1 T' f' (^o.emn,ent the Dominion, but after years of Kt;r!- • 1=^"™ "^^ries of 1882 the supreme legal Court of cir ' ? *''' """"'h "^ May the ''hove-mentioned''Act™:^°uwr:rt?*^; «--■> that u'egal, and therefore all rights al processes by and steel have steel so made ifacturing the plate. ^0 per cent, of >ther valuable made on the 'ery sanguine t'alue. obtainable in during the egular steam led, a large lings. is kind, it is tide of food iple of con- of America, i the use of fed in snow >^ fresh and , from the 3count that tn fisheries ■ case with feed them- m\y to be 3r kinds of 3f the last ■S'on's Bay »e salmon vernment sheries of h of May ision that Jl rights 9 of sa-lmon-fishing on these properties have reverted to the proprietors. The Hudson's Bay Company still continue to rent the trading- posts at Mmgan harbour and Musquarrow river, for fur-trading purposes. STATEMENT compiled from the Canadian Government Blue- book ON Fisheries, 1882, of the Quantity, Value, and Description of Fish, etc., caught within the boundaries of the Seigniory of Mingan during the year. Sahnon fresh and in tins, 50,820 lbs., at 5 cents per lb., Salmon in baiTels, 913 barrels of 200 lbs. each, at Sl8 per barrel Seal skins, 6454, at SL^^.^ each, .... Seal and whale oil, 30,387 gallons, at 50 cents, . Cod dried, 73,201 quintals, at U per quintal, ' . '. Cod oil, 83,740 gallons, at 50 cents per gallon, . Herring, 8954 barrels, at 85 per barrel, . ' . Caplin herring and launce for bait, 54,065 barrels, Halibut, 88 barrels, at S6 per barrel, . Cod tongues, 11 barrels, at $9 per barrel, , Trout, 97 baiTels, at $8 per barrel, .... Value of catch by residents on Seigniory, . . . . Caught by other schooners within Seigniory bounds, 35,000 quintals of cod, at S6 per quintal, . $2,541.00 16,434.00 8,067.50 15,193.00 439,206.00 41,970.00 44,770.00 54,065.00 528.00 100.00 776.00 8623,650.00 210,000.00 Total catch in bounds of Seigniory, £172,241, or 8833,650.00 M hi; i 10 Schoonei"s, Fishing.Boats, . I Flat Boats, I Number of Fishermen, I Number of Shoremen, Salmon Nets, Cod Seines, Herring Seines, -ri.g «tabl,-,tae„l7 by sXr''*"°=" ""O ;t:^-y*.OOeaeb,U,t'rt'a:— — ' ' ■ • I ^177,705.00 80,000.00 11 INMENT BluE- of Schooners, 3 Seigniory of Value. 0,950.00 *,385.00 L091.OO ,147.00 650.00 582.00 r05.00 DETAILED ACCOUNT of the Coast of the Seigniory of MiNGAN, from Cape Cormorant to the River Natashquan, to explain and iUustrate the Photographs taken by Mr. Alexander Henderson of Montreal, 1883. Cape Cormorant, the western boundary of the above Seigniory 18 a small peninsula between sixteen and seventeen miles east of the Moisic river, and one and a quarter miles to the west of the river Ba^m which is a small river, with rapids a quarter of a mile from the entrance. The distance eastward from this river to the Manitou river is ten miles, within which the three rivers, Hotteurs, Foil Biver, and Buchan, are passed in the order named. They all fall in' cascades into the sea, or close to it. When the Manitou river is reached, it is found to be one of the largest on the coast, but not much frequented by salmon, as half a mile from its mouth it falls 120 feet perpendicularly in one unbroken sheet of water, forming one of the most beautiful cascades in Canada. Four and a half mUes further to the east is Shallop river, of a fair size. We were unable to visit Shallop river, and know nothing respecting the salmon or trout fishing to be obtained there. A small estabhshment for cod-fishing and curing is located here. Sawbill or Sheldrake river is next reached, seven and a half miles further^ It affords good shelter to fishing-boats and coast- ing craft. On the long tongue of land between the estuary of the river and the sea Messrs. C. & R. Collas have established a cod-hshmg and curing station, where 5000 to GOOO quintals of dry cod are cured each year, and their buildings to carry on the fishery have cost from $20,000 to $25,000. {See Photographs Nos. 47 and 48.) ^ A short distance further east is Primrose Cove, where a cod- fashmg estabhshment is located, but we were unable to visit it Thunder river is next reached, which forms m excellent harbour for boats and other craft ; vessels drawing ten feet can enter the river. Messrs. C. Robin & Co. have here a large and very complete fishing establishment for cod ; the quantity of dry li 12 unable to visjt either of ih^ i ^"^ qmntaJs. W« ,r,^ ""'i!;''? r t °" "" °' -sialic r4^'''''''"etMT4''teLf f„r7'''^ -'^ ^itagan river a l«n Wed on this rivfr Tt tl '"L"""?' Ko^-fishlng h ™ ' ? l»-obabl^ Hffo„l &•,. fly.fii'* "-^ -Port^ V Indians a^it l:;,' to befrdt/'^^t: Z:i r^ *° ^««P- J*-*. He. a. « only s,xty feet „; J At a short .'T' ""' »te-»ee to ,St fa s over a ledge of rocks tlirtyS hSrial''"'''''^ *'>^ ^ take; "]n t^" "'°" ""« '"'"*ed ba * ; hf'T '^^ '"™^~™ oetween the sea and the faU, ;„ ,„i,-l ^™* « only one nonl both by nets and rod TI far^^Z '", ""^ ^^^^'^ 'be ^o^^; -itbin the entra::^'aVour for yards 'diatelj e been Messrs. •is and 18 Messrs. C. & R. CoUas at the upper village, some half-mile from the entrance. In 1882 there was exported from this river about 14,000 qumtals of dry codfish, 5000 gallons of cod-liver oil, and 20000 lbs. of fresh salmon. Reference to the photographs numbered as under will give a good idea of this river and its stations :— Photographs Nos. 33 and 34 depict the establishment of Messrs. C. Robm & Co., the former showing the buildings and the view lookmg seaward ; the latter, looking landward, shows the flakes or stages for drying cod in the sun. Photograph No. 35 gives a distant view of the upper village of the St. John river, with the establishment of Mr. Sirois on the right, and the church on the left, with the harbour of the river in the foreground. Photograph No. 36 gives nearly the same view, with cod- nshing boats in the foreground. Photograph No. 37 shows Mr. Sirois' landing-stage and salting- rocm, with cod-fishing boats in the foreground, and the houses of the Government Inspector and River Guardian in the distance Photograph No. 38 shows the landing-stage and buildings of Messrs. Collas in the upper village. Photograph No. 39 gives the house of the Government In- spector on the left, and the house of the Guardian of the river on the right, where the Post-OfiSce is kept. After leaving St. John's river, the next fishing-station to the eastward is Longue Point, distant nine miles, between which points there is a broad beach of fine sand. An extensive deposit of black iron sand, or magnetic peroxide of iron, is found along the whole of this tract, and also for some distance to the west of St. John's river. At Longue Point there are three establishments for cod-fishing but, owing to personal circumstances, the enterprise has not been prosecuted with much energy at this place for the last year or two, and only 3000 quintals of dry codfish were exported in 1881 Five miles to the eastward of Longue Point the harbour of Mmgan^ is reached. Here the principal trading-post of the Hudson's Bay Company on this coast has been located for eighty jears. That Company has paid rent to the Seigniors of Mingan for the right to occupy the post during all that period. -nd western e„tr„nce.s. "' ''""" *•■« •■■■"■'>">- with its eastern Photographs N„s. 30, 3 .1 , t!^™^''°"■ ''^ "-* and rod' t.ill8 are distant from the post ,L ! .u "San river. Tliese an exoe ,,„t pool for rod-fishC i™„ 1,''^, f'''' ""'' «>«'« I Photographs Nos. 23 '.4 ..", "'""""'ately below them. tl.e Mingan river, with its'mf' ^f ''^ e'^e various »e.vs .,f grounds of rod iishennen. '^tShi W " '7'"' "-» damping 8«ed fish. It is considered^fet,'"';"™' ""'' «"™^ '»,!: pwogi^t tr '7 '^ '- '" ir '''''^'' ^*^ -- of Esqnhnan, Poin^rLolttetretr ™T *° "'^ "%« Twenty-five yea.« ago there wrn'!*'^""""' "^ "-o coast wg"fijri„;rs" h!:ti,r ^Jivr ,r^ "- »<• « The znhabitants own and have them T ° "'"""^^^ ""'"hed. — , and last year they -d^^XXr^:: 15 from the sea at a price exceeding !?185,000, making an average to eacli household of 8925, or nearly £200 sterling. Their houses are substantial and comfortable. Photographs Nos. 9 and 10 show part of the harbour, and the storehouses for fish, oils, and seals. Photogi-aphs 11, 12, and 13 give views of the church, with the liishop s residence and schools. Photographs 14 and 15 represent a number of the settlers' houses, and prove their substantial and comfortable nature and appearance. Between Longue Point on the west, and St. Genevieve Island «^n the east, a distance of about forty-five miles, are the Mingan Islands proper, twenty-nine in number. Some of them are very «mall, and the largest does not exceed eleven or twelve miles in circumference; but some of them are well wooded, with small bn-ch, spruce, and poplar. Proceeding eastward from Escpiimaux Point, at about twenty miles distance, we reach Betchevveen harbour and village con- taining about twenty houses. This is a newly-settled place, and its mhabitants have not made the same progress as at Esquimaux Point, but they have built and own six schooners. Photographs Nos. 7 and 8 show the harbour and village, the former looking eastward, the latter westward. Between this village and the harbour and village of Little Natashquan is a distance of about fifty miles, in which section we pass the following rivers, all of them containing salmon and trout viz.-La Corneille, the Piashter, Grand Watcheeshoo, Little Watcheeshoo, Nabissipi, and Agwanus. At Corneille, Watcheeshoo, Nabissipi, and Agwanus, salmon netting was formerly carried on extensively and profitably by the Hudson's Bay Company. These rivers have all been neglected and poached, but, with careful guardianship, they would improve, and salmon agam become plentiful for both rod and net fisheries Piashter, near Corneille, is a celebrated stream for sea-trout fishing. The village and harbour of Little Natasli.|uan are situated three miles to the north of the mouth of the river Natashquan The village consist- -f about fifty houses, with a church and schools, and, considexuig its size, is nearly as far advanced in com- 16 i^^'t m ut Esquimaux I»oint N. .u uming one dav of I weight of codfish ... . ''''''* «nmme! more fl.n, • Th/balw £^^^^^ ^--^-J with \'"^ '""^^^ *^ this Manvc^oi . "le same time -If +?.« ^^^'^^ i 882 about luany seals enter this rivA.. "^®;^t the same place and 2.) P""^* ^^ decreased. (S^p pl\ ^ ^'''^' ^^e S-. fciSi Jr™ •'*«' ~i« '*" »* ~. I in the inner -o., one of the 'd having cost n sixty tons "ght to this ' of any size, «^o"Id prove t^eposits of {See Photo- lan river, a carried on. '50 sahnon 1882 about te. nks off its linee 1803, ^ind, the 0^5 Nos. I i^eiy large ■ distance very rich, from 40 eds seem 'egashka fried on. e^ashka of some 're is a several 17 Tludson's Bay Company used to bo carried on. Four miles up tho bay tlio first fulls are met with, and on this beautiful river an excellent sunmier's fly-fishing for two rods could be got. Here the writer's personal knowledge of this coast ceases, but from this place to the boundary of the Seigniory niany sahnon rivers are known, where net fisheries are successfully carried on, and though on these waters rod-fishing has never, so fiir as is known, been tried, there is every reason to suppose that good rod- fishing would be obtained on most of them. For further description of the coast, see the St. Lawrence Pilot, volume 1st, by Bayfield, and the admirable charts connected therewith. ecootai of the 4 18 ""Jimited resoiirc. if o ^, .°^ ^^' extent and niamfn? . T ^ "'*^ «^ «"-P«po,.,,,at were .>tiun, reiui by Mr. L. Z. Jonciis, divided on fisheries into two gn il 'lasses— tlio sea lish- ories and the fresh-water (or hike and river) fislieries. Tiie former again are divided into the cod, tho herring, the mackerel, the lobster, and the seal fisheries, while the latter eoniprise those of saliuoa and tnut, while fish, and other lake and river fish of varying value. Mr. Joncas ^iive quotations from tho Hon. Dr. Fortin's reports as to tho Imbitat, habits, numbers, and niodo (both offshore and inshore) of catching the cod, wliich he continued and enlarged fnan his own observation, lie eiteci tho Marino and Fisheries Report for 1881 to show that tho quantity of dry fish e.Kported that year re- presented a value of $."), 002,250, while oil, etc., made the total exports from tli' cod fishery reach a sum of 3r>,828,15G. Ne.\t in importance comes the herring fishery, valued (according to latest statistics) at ;?1,7'_1,822, The mackerel fishery has only lately begun to be appreciated, but its valt e has already attained the figure of !Ji?l,G94,'J42, wliile the lobster fishery, aliiKi-t unknown ten years ago, now represents a commercial value of nearly !i?3,0i lO.OOO, and the seal fishery, of between three and four hundred thousand doUii >,. To these figures must be added those of the fresh waters of Canada, the e.xp( ts of which reached last year tho sum of $3,174,533. As to the home consuihjition, there are no trustworthy statistics, but the amount must be considei able. This brief statement will give some notion of the value of our fishery interests, which will increase as their importance becomes known to the r* ^l of the world, and to this result, as we have aimed to show, the recent International Exhibition has largely tended. f 4 'M *»«i,' Of *;|i| i i ih-m li i •^n^»f" ■. ''%■ £ r ^ii'! ni' I ' «l" 58« 5^- ^' ' MAP IE TWO SEIGNIORIES, of 'ERME DE MIN6AN and -^ iT ISLETS DE MIN6AN \^ >- K s * CD u z n 1^* -^ /"ny GrmotcU cuttl Bankt at deloi- re- ijOcai^ flvrri a map tjrjtilntfd, hy- - GevtrnmaU- at thfy Fi*herUt ErJuii- rvdan, 1S8S. tale of Ea^liahlGles tpthn^ apptar tm OUt par*' of Oit/ coatt 7ffht later. Satk. are, uttJ' at htit Ybr Cod,. ^'*^ '^"^Ut 1883. i- ./^ ^ ¥c^ f ^ BAV or ST ^'i/, .V J^mt' ChtTixr, \iV\.ni.iSftt.i3ottr tnt^ltmi lahlrft-, .,/ cr." «*• «m" ea" fil TELEGRAPH UNtS 01 THE nOMINlON Or C«N«U« i.tn, ,n ty-, ■„/,,■•, /h/rr/,,/ /.,nr MAP SHEWING THE TWO SEI <.r TEIRRE rCRME DE MINI ruiii THE ISLES ET ISLETS DE NOTl Thr hsl>" 'j^'"" *".,( «2 lo*» m" MAP HEWING THE TWO SEIGNIORIES of TERRE TERME DE MIN6AN hjkI THE ISLES ET ISLETS DE MINGAN note 77.r h.l„„,, i:r,;,„,/, „„,/ H„„h> „« «■,/,„ mini hm orr Inirnt f'nn,, „ ntop irhthtUil A, ihntf tn Lnxili'n IN»H SrnlH ol' Kii^linli Mill's .'.11" 5 •■ g,ll» ''■■■■''^.. '•r*/'-*-, !«»;{. ^./, ' / ,lhl liiirr HrlJ, arr u.„l a, *./,/ „;fh,/ •''"■'■■"«/, '"f/.v r^ .\n"iim :.M" IV'" . I l.jj.ii-iuti'l.uis U. ^»]S-^-;0 •> /Ili'i- « , ^'^A,ni 'K,^ Grounds O f s 7. A w n V