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Las diagrammaa suivants iliustrant la mAthoda. 1 2 3 4 5 6 HISTORICAL RECORD or THE MARINE CORPS, ooNTAimwa AN ACCOUNT OF THEIR FORMATION AND SERVICES FROM 1664 TO 1748; ▲T WHICH PEBIOD THOSE C0BP8 CEASED TO TOBH PABT OF THS E8TABU8HHEMT OF THE BEODLAB ABHT. PROM THE YEAR 1755 THE PBESENT CORPS or ROYAL MARINES HATE BEEN CNDEB THE CONTROL Or THE LORDS COMMISSIONERS OF THE ADMIRALTY. OOMPILCD BT RICHARD CANNON, Esq., adjctant-oemebal's orriCE, hobsb-gitabds. ILLUSTRATED WITH PLATES. •'!^4 :-' THE MARINE REGIMENTS. CONTENTS or THE RECORDS OF THE MARINE CORPS. Y«4B Pa" Intboduction. 1664 Formation of a Corps for Sea-service on com* mencement of war with Holland . . ■ I — - Designated " The AdmiraPs Maritime Regi- ■ T: ment, and commanded by the Duke of York, afterwards King James II. . . . - 1672 Formation of additional Corps of Marines on renewal of hostilities with Holland . . 2 1689 The AdmiraVs Maritime Regiment incorporated in the Second Foot-Guards . . . - 1702 Formation of six Regiments of Marines . . -> Six other Regiments of Infantry selected for Sea- scrvi'oC ••••••• • The Royal Warrant for forming the six Regi- ments of Marines, and for selecting six other Regiments for Sea-service ... 3 — — Other Regiments embarked, at difflsrent periods during the war, to serve as Marines on board the Fleet Rules and Instructions for the duties, pay, and clothing of the Marine forces . . 4 A 2 XXVI Ybab 1702 1704 1706 1706 1707 1708 CONTENTS OF THE RECORDS Placed under the control of the Lord High Ad- miral, the Prince George of Denmark Appointment of Brigadier-General W. Seymour, of the Fourth Foot, to superintend the details of the Marine Regiments .... Uniform prescribed for the Marine forces Independent Companies of Marines formed for the fleet in the West Indies Services of the Marines on board the fleet in the Mediterranean . . . . Proceeded in the fleet to Lisbon, to aid the cause of the Archduke Charles of Austria Proceeded i^;ainst Barcelona, but afterwards withdrew, and re-embarked . . Attack and Capture of Gibraltar . Engagement of the British and French fleets in the Mediterranean ..... Siege of Gibraltar by the Spaniards and French The attempt to retake the fortress abandoned after a siege of seven months The Marine Corps distributed in the several ships of war on the coast of Spain Proceeded against Barcelona with the troops under the Earl of Peterborough Capture of Fort Montjuich by storm Surrender of the garrison of Barcelona Siege of Barcelona by the French . The French raised the siege and retreated Capture of Carthagena Capture of Alicant Surrender of Iviqa Surrender of Majorca . . Attack and siege of Toulon . The siege of Toulon raised . Surrender of Sardinia . Paoi 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 OF THE MARINE CORPS. XXVll YiAR Paob 1708 Capture of the Island of Minorca . . . 16 ' Decease of H. R. H. the Prince George of Den- mark, Consort of Queen Anne, and Lord High Admiral of England ....•— 1709 Capture of ilwna-po/i* 5oyo/, in Nova Scotia . 17 Surrender of Alicant to the forces of Spain and France . ...... — 1710 Capture of the Isle of Cette . ... 18 The Isle of Cette recaptured ... — 1711 Proceeded on an Expedition against Quebec, in Canada ..... . . — Failure of the expedition by storms and wreck iu the River St. Lavrrence . , . . 19 Decease of Joseph I., Emperor of Austria . — Election of Charles III. of Spain to be Emperor of Germany ...... — 1712 Negotiations for general peace ... — 1713 Definitive treaty of peace at Utrecht on 31st March . ...... 20 ■ Gibraltar, Minorca, and Nova Scotia ceded to Great Britain by the treaty of peace . . — The Corps of Marines disbanded . . . — 1714 Decease of Her Majesty Queen Anne on the 1st of August ...... — Accession of King George I. . . . — - Attempts of the Son of the late King James II to obtain the throne, defeated ... — Augmentations made to the Army . . 21 Three of the late regiments of Marines, now the 30th, 31st, and 32nd, retained, and placed on the establishment of the infantry of the Line — 1739 War declared against Spain on the 23rd of October, 1739 — Augmentation of the Land forces . . 22 a3 • xxviii Ymb CONTENTS OF THE RECORDS 1739 Formation of six regiments of Marines . Fleet of five ships, with a detachment of Ma> rines, under Admiral Vernon, proceeded against Porto-Bello .... 1740 An additional regiment of Marines, of four battalions, formed at New York in North America, and Colonel Spotswood appointed Colonel-Commandant .... — — The six regiments of Marines augmented from 700 to 1000 men each .... - Augmentation of the four invalid companies of Marines ...... — ^ Usefulness of Marine forces, as proved on for- mer occasions, now generally admitted Formation of four additional regiments of Ma- rines, of 1000 men each .... — — Attack and capture of Fort Chagre Fleet under Admiral Sir Chaloner Ogle, and troops, including the six Marine regiments under General Lord Cathcart, proceeded to the West Indies, for the purpose of attacking the Spanish possessions in South America Death of General Lord Cathcart at Dominica . <-^ — Brigadier-General Wentworth succeeded to the military command of the expedition 1741 The whole collected at Jamaica under Admiral Vernon ...... Proceeded to the Grande Playa, to windward of the town of Carthagena Capture of forts St. Jago and St. Philip Capture of the castle of Bocca Chica Capture of Fort St. Joseph ' Capture of the castle of Grande Castello Attack of St. Lazar by escalade Paw 22 23 24 25 26 27 OF THE MARINE CORPS. XXIX YiAB Pan 1741 Repulse of the troops, and abandonment of the enterprise ...... 28 The forts and castle of Carthagena demolished — The expedition returned to Jamaica . . — — — Another expedition proceeded to the island of Cuba 29 Returned to Jamaica aAer encountering much sickness and numerous casualties . . 30 1742 The island of Rattan^ in the bay of Honduras, taken possession of, and placed in a state of defence ....... 31 A detachment sent to the assistance of Greneral Oglethorpe, in South Carolina, against the Spaniards ...... 32 Recal of Admiral Vernon and General Went* worth ....... — The independent Companies at Jamaica (now tlie Forty>ninth regiment) and the Marines on board of the fleet, completed with effective men ; the remainder of the troops returned to England — — — The command of the fleet in the West Indies devolved on Sir Chaloner Ogle ... — 1 743 Another expedition proceeded to South America, under the command of Commodore Knowles of the Navy, with 400 men of the Thirty- eighth regiment and 600 Marines . . 33 — — Sailed to Antigua, and proceeded to attack La Guira in Terra Firma Proceeded to Cura^oa to refit Sailed i^n for Porto Cavallo Attack of Ponta Brava Returned to Jamaica ..... 34 Declaration of war against France on 3l8t March, 1743 35 XXX CONTENTS OF THE RECORDS Yme Paoi 1744 Engagement of a party of Marines of the Essex ship-of-war in the Mediterranean . . 35 Active means adopted for completing the ten regiments of Marines .... — 1745 Expedition against Cape Breton ... 36 Capitulation of Louisburg and of the Island of Cape Breton ...... — 1746 Complaints investigated respecting the settle- ment of accounts in the corps of Marines . 37 Contemplated expedition against Quebec . . 38 Expedition proceeded against Port V Orient . — Disembarlced in Quimperlay Bay, and advanced against Flymeur . .... — Re-embarked and sailed for Quiberon . . — Returned to England .... 39 1747 Royal Warrant issued on the 28th February, 1747, for placing the Marine Forces under the control of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty ...... — Renewed efforts of the King of France against the British possessions in North America, and in the East Indies ..... 40 Victory over the French Fleet by Vice- Admiral Lord Anson and Rear- Admiral Sir Peter Warren, K.B., on the 3rd of May, 1747 . 41 . Another victory over the French Fleet, by Com- modore Fox, in June 1747 ... 42 A further victory obtained on the 14th of October, 1747> by Admiral Sir Edward Hawke, over the French Fleet . . — 1748 A fleet proceeded under Admiral Boscawen, with Marines and other troops, to attack the Mauritius ..... 43 Proceeded thence to the coast of Coromandel . — Disembarked and marched towards Pondicherry 44 Of TUB MABINB C0BP8. XXXI YiAB Paoi 1748 Obtained poaBewion of Arian Coupon . 44 Re-embarked after having demolished the fort of Arian Coupan .... . — Another expedition, under Rear-Admiral Enowles, proceeded against St. Jago in Cuba 46 Squadron returned to Jamaica ... — The King of France expressed a desire for Peace — Definitive treaty of Peace concluded at Aix-Ia- Chapelle on 1 8th October, 1748 . 46 The ten regiments of Marines dubanded in November, 1748 . . . . — ^ 1755 Preparations for renewing war with France Re-formation of the present Corps of Marines Augmentations made in the Army and Navy . Fifty Companies of Marines, formed in Three Divisions, raised under the control of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty . . An Act of Parliament for the regulation of the Marine Forces while doing duty on Shore . 1802 The Royal Authority granted for the Marine Forces to be styled " The Royal Marines " , 1805 A Fmirtk Division formed at Woolwich by Order in Council dated 15th August 1805 . 1827 Presentation of Colours, on the part of His Mfyesty King George lY., by His Royal Highness the Duke of Clarence, then Lord High Admiral, and afterwards King William IV. 47 48 PLATES. Costume of Marines in 1742 Present Colours of the Royal Marines to face Pace 1 » 48 ( xxxiii ) CONTENTS OV THB APPENDIX TO THE MARINE CORPS. •>fV\."^\. Year Authorities were granted by King William IIJ, in 1694; by Queen Anne in 1713; and by King George I. in 1715, for deciding the Rank and Precedence of the Regiments of Infantry, and for giving Numeral Titles to the several Regiments, according to the dates of formation, or of being placed on the English establishment; as recommended by Boards of General Officers, at the several periods stated : — These regulations were con- firmed by the Warrants of King George II., dated 1st July, 1751, and of King George III., dated 19th December, 1768 1660 The Regiments of Infantry, exclusive of the Three regiments of Foot-Guards, from the period of the Restoration of King Charles II., in 1660, to 1684, consisted of — The Ist, or the Royal Regiment. The 2nd, or the Queen's Royal (First Tangier) Regiment. The 3r(l, or the Holland Regiment. The 4th, (the Second Tangier) Regiment. 1685 The 5th and 6th Regiments were formed in Holland, in the year 1674, and were brought to England on the requisition of King James II., in 1685, — from which period they were authorized to take rank in the English Army — Pam 49 XXXIV CONTENTS OF APPENDIX TO MARINE CORPS. Ybab Paob 1685 The Regiments of In&ntiy formed during the reign of King James II., and placed on the establishment of the army, were — From 7th Royal Fusiliers to 17th Regiment 49 1688 During the reign of King William III. : and From 18th Regiment to 27th Regiment . — 1689 The 18th Royal Irish Regiment was formed in Ireland in 1684 ; and the 21st Royal North British Fusiliers in Scotland in 1678 : They were placed on the English establbhment, the 18th in 1688, and the 21st in 1689, from which periods their numerical rank took effect . — 1702 Formed during the reign of Queen Anne : From 28th R^ment to 39th Regiment . — 1717 Formed during the reign of King George I. : From 40th Regiment to 41st Regiment . — 1739 Formed during the reign of King George II. : From 42nd Regiment to 70th Regiment . 50 And The Marine Corps . . . . . 52 1775 Formed during the reign of King George III. : From 7l8t Regiment to 93rd Regiment . 54 1793 The Scots Brigade brought from Holland . 55 1800 The Rifle Brigade originally formed . . — 1824 Formed during the reign of King George lY. : From 94th Regiment to 99th Regiment . — .'h'. V \ ^/ocf^Z^ to* CUNHONS MIll'AM mtl.HB» • V* ■» •» •r.r ■ FORMATION AND SERVICES OF THE IIARINE CORPS. Thu advantages arising from the services of corps trained to the use of arms on hoard of ship, as loell as on land, were found when the British navy acquired a superiority over that of other nations of Europe ; and as the safety of Great Britain, from its insular position, chiefly depends on the efficiency and excellence of her fleets, the importance and value of Marine Forces have consequently been at all times acknowledged and appreciated by the Sovereign, as well as by the Nation at large. The first corps raised for Sea-service, of which 1664 history gives an account, is that which was formed by King Charles II., in the year 1664, when the war with Holland took place : this corps was commanded by the Duke of York (afterwards King James II.), then Lord High Admiral of Great Britain, and was designated " The Admiral's Maritime Regiment."* * By Order in Council, dated 26th October, 16C4, it was directed, that twelve hundred land-soldiei's should be raised, in order to be in readiness for distribution in His Majesty's fleets ; the whole to form one regiment, of six companies, under a Colonel, with a Lieutenant- Colonel, and Serjeant-Major ; each company consisted of two hundred soldiers, with a captain, lieutenant, ensign, drummer, four Serjeants, and four corporals. The regiment was armed with firelocks. A subsequent Order in Council, dated 1st April, 1668, authorised the drawing of such numbers of soldiers from the Foot Guards,, for His Majesty's service at sea, during the summer, as the Lord High Admiral might require. 2 FORMATION AND SERVICES OF MARINE CORPS. r 1672 In the year 1672 a dispute on the subject of naval precedence, and other causes, gave rise to another war with the Dutch, and battalions for Sea-service were formed, as the occasions of the State required, by drafts from the land-forces, which were embarked on board the fleet; several companies of the Foot Guards were employed on the Marine duty; these companies were engaged in a sharp fight with the Dutch fleet on the 28th of May, 167*2, in which upwards of two thousand men were killed ; they were also engaged in several other actions during the war which ended in February, 1674. 1689 In 1689 King William III. incorporated "the AdmiraVs Regiment^' (which was then considered the third regiment of Infantry) in the Second, now the Coldstream, regiment of Foot Guards. Two Marine regiments were, about the same time, established for service on board the fleet, which were disbanded in 1698. 1702 On the recommencement of hostilities, in 1702, with France and Spain, both of which nations possessed powerful fleets as well as numerous armies, the British Parliament felt the expediency of enabling the Queen to increase the efiicicncy of her navy, by forming Corps of Marines, which could act at sea as well as on land. Six regiments were accordingly added in the year 1702 to the regular Army as Marine corps, and six other of the regular regiments of Infantry were appointed for Sea-service ; as shown in the following list. The six Regiments of Marines were : — Colonel Thomas Saunderson's, now thirtieth foot. Colonel George Villiers's, now thirty-first foot. Colonel Edward Fox's, now thirty- second foot. Colonel Harry Mordaunt's; disbanded in 1713. Colonel Henry HoU's; disbanded in 1713. Colonel Viscount Shannon's; disbanded in 1713. / foot. it. J* 13. [13. FORMATION AND SERVICES OF MARINE CORPS. 6 The six regiments of Foot for Sea-service were : — 1702 Colonel Ventria Columbine's, now sixth foot. ' ■ :,, Colonel Thomas Erie's, now nineteenth foot. i. Colonel Gustavns Hamilton's, now twentieth foot. Colonel Lord Lucas's, now thirty-fourth foot. Colonel Earl of Donegal's, now thirty -fifth foot. Colonel Lord Charlemont's, now thirty-sixth foot. Her Majesty's Order for levying this body of men was contained in the following Royal Warrant, dated 1st of June, 1702:— " Anne R. " Our pleasure is, that this establishment of six regiments of Marines, and six other regiments for Sea-Service, do commence and take place from the respective times of raising. " And our further pleasure is, that the order given by our dearest brother the late King, deceased, and such orders as are, or shall be, given by us, touching the pay or entertainment of our said forces, or any of them, or any charges thereunto belonging, shall be duly complied with, and that no new charge be added to this establishment without being communicated " to our High Treasurer, or Commissioners of our *' Treasury for the time being. " Given at our Court at St. James's, on the first day '• of June in the first year of our reign. " Bi/ Her Majesty's Command. " GODOLPHIN." Other regiments were also embarked, at different periods, during the war, on board the fleet to act as Mai'ines, and the efficiency and usefulness of these corps, while so employed, were attested by the capture of several fortresses in Spain ; more especially that of Gibraltar in 1704, the taking of which was effected by the Navy and Marines. n2 4 FORMATION AND SERVICES OF MARINE CORPS. 1702 Rules and Instructions for the better government of the Marine regiments were issued by authority of Her Majesty Queen Anne, on the 1st of July, 1702, in which it was directed, "That when on shore they were " to be quartered in the vicinity of the dock-yards, in *' order to guard them from embezzlement, or from any ** attempt that might be made on them by an enemy." Full instructions were also given as to their pay, subsistence, and clothing, which directed, "that the " same deductions should be made for clothing as was " usual in the land forces. Also that one day's pay in " every year be deducted from officers and soldiers for " the Hospital. " When on board ship they were to have an equal " proportion of provisions with the seamen, without " any deductions from their pay, the soldiers receiving " short allowance money like the seamen." In order to render such portions of the Marine regiments as might be on shore, useful on all occasions when their services might be required, Her Majesty directed, that it should rest with herself, or with the Lord High Admiral, the Prince George of Denmark, to dispose of them at such places nearest to the several dock-yards as might be judged most convenient ; and as there might be occasion for labourers to despatch necessary public works. Her Majesty empowered the High Admiral, or the Commissioners for executing that office, to cause to be employed in the dock -yards so many of the marine soldiers as might be judged fitting, and to make them such daily allowance for their labour, besides their ordinary pay, as should seem reasonable. The Marine forces being thus placed under the control of the Lord High Admiral, His Royal Highness was pleased in 1702, to nominate Colonel William I M I FORMATION AMD SERVICES OF MARINE CORPS. Seymour (of the fourth regiment of foot) to superintend 1702 the whole, with the' rank of Brigadier- General, whose peculiar duties were to observe, that the men were com- fortably quartered, that the officers were attentive in their respective departments, and that the marine soldiers, when embarked on board of ship, were sup- plied with proper sea-clothes and other suitable neces- saries. When the Marines were serving afloat, they were to be under the command of the Naval Officers of the ships. The Uniform of the Marine forces consisted of high- crowned leather-caps, covered with cloth of the same colour as the facings of the regiment, and ornamented with devices, the same as the caps worn by the grena- diers ; scarlet frock- coat ; buff waist-belt ; black pouch carried in front, with bayonet-belt attached; buff gaiters. During the reign of Queen Anne, certain Indepen- dent Companies of Marines were raised for thepui;:cso of aiding in the defence of the British possessions in the West Indies. The first important service on which the Marine corps were employed in this reign, was on board the fleet under Admiral Sir Cloudesly Shovel, then com- manding in the Mediterranean, who was instructed to make every possible arrangement, by conciliation or by conquest, among the dependencies of the French and Spanish monarchies, in order to ensure a cordial recep- tion of the Archduke Charles of Austria, in opposition to Philip, Duke of Anjou, of France, to the throne of Spain. After some delays, the Archduke arrived at Lisbon 1704 under Admiral Sir George Rooke, on the 25th of February, 1704, in order to concert a plan of future operations with his ally the King of Portugal. FORMATION AND SERVICES OF MARINE CORPS. I I ■' I 1704 Sir George Hooke, after cruising with the fleet on the coast of Portugal, returned to Lisbon, and took the Prince of Hesse-Darmstadt on board, with whom ho sailed on the 20th of April to Barcelona. On the arrival of the fleet before Barcelona, the Prince of Hesse sent a letter to Don Vclasco, the governor, requiring him to surrender the town, which he refused. Information, how- ever, being received that the city would declare for Charles HI. if a show of attack were made, — sixteen hundred Marines were accordingly landed at the re- quest, and under the command, of Major-General the Prince of Hesse-Darmstadt, on the 19th of May, 1704: this force, being found to be inadequate for the purpose, was re-embarked on the following day. The next object of attack was the Rock of Gibraltar^ where the Prince of Hesse landed in the afternoon of the 21st of July, 1704, with 1800 British and Dutch Marines. Acting upon the decision of a council of war. His Highness proceeded to cut off all communi- cation with the mainland, to bombard the place, and to reduce it to the obedience of Charles III., King of Spain. The governor, on being summoned, refused to surrender, alleging that all the garrison had taken an oath of allegiance to King Philip V. Admiral Sir George Rooke having directed a strong force to proceed against the South Mole, the enemy was driven from his guns; several boats, manned and armed, were then detached under the command of Captain Whitaker, of the Navy, who soon obtained possession of the great platform : about one hundred of the besiegers, whose impetuous bravery had carried them within the effects of a mine connected with the fort, were killed or wounded by the explosion . the rest, advancing rapidly, gained a redoubt half- ¥\\ FORMATION AND SERVICES OF MARINE CORPS. 7 way between the mole and the town. The Governor, 1704 at the urgent dcsiro of the inhabitants, was induced to capitulate, and the Prince of Hesse took possession of the garrison on the evening of Sunday the 24th of July 1704. The loss in effecting the capture of this impor- tant fortress was sixty-one killed, and two hundred and six wounded. The attack of the seamen was one of the boldest and most difficult ever made, being obliged to climb up rocks and precipices. Thus was taken, in three days, a fortress since made impregnable to all assaults. The loss of Gibviillar disconcerted the measures of Philip v., and of his grandfather Louis XIV. Eight thousand men, under the Marquis dc Villadarias, were immediately detached from the Spanish army to retake the fortress ; and the French Admiral received orders to engage the British and Dutch fleets, and toco-operate in the recapture of Gibraltar. The hostile fleets engaged on the 24th of August, about eleven leagues south of Malaga, and, after each had suffered severely, they were separated in the night. The enemy retired to Toulon, and Sir George Rooke sailed to Gibraltar. Here, after having held a Council of War, it was deter- mined to return home ; and the confederate fleet sailed for England, arriving at Spithead on the 25th of September. Sir John Leake and Admiral Vander- dussen were left at Lisbon to protect the coast of Portugal, and relieve Gibraltar, if it should be besieged as was anticipated. The Marquis de Villadarias commenced the siege of Gibraltar on the 22nd of October, and the garrison, composed of Marines, under the command of the Prince of Hesse, sustained a siege by seven thousand men. The purpose of the enemy was to have stormed from the South Mole, united with the desperate attempt of Hill h\ 1 ! i 8 FORMATION AND SERVICER OP MARINE CORPS. 1704 a Spanish forlorn -hope climbing tho rock, and a general attack from the mainland. The fortress was maintained against very superior numbers ; and the fire of the enemy's batteries having damaged the works^ a body of men was landed from the fleet to assist in the defence. Brigadier Fox, and several other officers and men, having been killed on the 5th of December, 1704, aid was solicited from the army in Portugal. Admiral Sir John Leake accordingly sailed from Lisbon on the 10th of December, with a fleet, having on board a battalion of the first and second foot guards ; Barrymore's regiment, now thirteenth foot ; Donegal's regiment, now thirty-fifth foot ; the Dutch regiment of Waes ; and a Portuguese regiment ; amounting in all to upwards of three thousand men. On their passage they fell in with the enemy's squadron under Monsieur de Pointi, but they succeeded in arriving at Gibraltar, although some of the transports had separated. These corps were safely landed on the 18th of December, and the Prince, strengthened by this rein- forcement, made a sortie on the 23rd, and destroyed the lines, that had been erected within a hundred and and sixty paces of the palisade. 1705 The Marquis de Villadarias, having received a considerable reinforcement, evinced a disposition to storm the place, and on the 2nd of February, 1705, an attempt was made against the Round Tower, to ascertain what might be effected by a larger force. On the 7th the enemy attacked with five hundred chosen grenadiers, French and Walloons, commanded by Lieut. - General Thouy, and supported by one thousand Spanish troops. They ascended the hill in perfect silence at daybreak, and again attempted to storm the Bound Tower, which was defended by Colonel Borr, FOBMATION AND SERVICES OF ^tVRINE CORPS. of the AT i*inc«, now thirty-second regiment. The as- HOfi sailants, by throwing from above great stones and gre- nades on his men, at last obliged him to retire into that part of the works where the foot guards were posted. Flushed with success, they advanced too far ; when they were gallantly charged by Colonel Moncall, of Barry- more's (thirteenth) regiment, and driven from the Bound Tower. Colonel Rivett, of the Coldstream ibot-guards, having got up the rock on the right of the covered-way with twenty grenadiers, favoured very much Colonel MoncalFs success. The garrison by this time had assemblea, and kept up so destructive a fire that tho enemy was obliged to make a precipitate retreat, losing seventy men killed on the spot ; upwards of two hundred wounded; and one captain, four lieutenants, and forty men taken. The loss on the part of the garrison was twenty-seven men killed, and one hundred and twenty wounded. Marshal de Tcsse arrived with additional troops to carry on the siege ; the garrison also received fresh reinforcements from Portugal, besides supplies of every description. Admiral Sir John Leake sailed from the Tagus on the 6th of March, 1705, and his arrival in the bay of Gibraltar on the 10th, was again so sudden, that he completely surprised the Baron de Pointi, together with the whole of his squadron, consisting of five ships of the line, three of which were captured, and two were driven on shore, and burnt by the enemy. After a siege of seven months the enemy retired, in April, giving up all hopes of being able to make any impression on the fortress : his efforts were then con- fined to a very feeble blockade. The fortress of Gibwkltar, seated upon the territory of Spain, was thus rendered subject to the British I 10 FORMATION AND SERVICES OF MARINE CORPS. Ill I I i 1705 crown by the bravery of its Navy and Marines : its possession was subsequently secured by the defence made against the renewed efforts of the Spaniards in 1727, and by the glorious defence sustained by the troops, under General Lord Heathfield, for three years, from 1779 to 1782, when it exhibited to the nations of Europe a brilliant instance of the combined exertions of the British navy and army against the repeated, but unsuccessful, attempts of Spain and France to recover this important fortress. After the Spaniards and French had desisted from further attempts to retake Gibraltar, the Marine corps were distributed in the several ships of war which were collected in the I'agus, in order to co-operate with the land forces on the coast of Spain. Towards the end of May, the English fleet, with about five thousand land forces on board, under the joint command of Admiral Sir Cloudesly Shovel and General the Earl of Peterborough, sailed from St. Helen's, and arrived at Lisbon on the 20th of June. King Charles went on board the Ranelagh on the 23rd of July, and the Dutch fleet having joined in the Tagus, the confederate squadron sailed on the 28th, and anchored at Gibraltar on the 11th of August. The Prince of Hesse Darmstadt, with the battalion of foot- guards, and the thirteenth and thirty-fifth regiments, embarked, and the fleet sailed for Altea Bay : form thence it again proceeded on its voyage, and anchored before Barcelona on the 22nd of August. The Earl of Peterborough commenced active opera- tions against Barcelona by an attack on the strong fortress of iVfo«(/Mit7i, situated on the opposite part of the town, at which the disembarkation took place, the troops having landed near the river Bassoz, about • J ' y ong tof the >out FORMATION AND SERVICES OF MARINE CORPS. 11 three miles east of Barcelona^ on the 23rd and 24th of 1705 August. On the 2Bth, King Charles went on shore, when the inhabitants of the neighbouring towns and villages flocked to the camp, and many took arms to act as guerilla-bands and miquelets. A difference of opinion on the part of the Dutch General occasioned some delay, but it was ultimately determined to attack the fortress of Montjuich by storm. The storming party, consisting of four hundred grenadiers, with a support of six hundred musketeers, commanded by the Earl of Peterborough and the Prince of Hesse Darmstadt, commenced their march about ten o'clock on the night of Sunday the 13th of September round the mountains, and were followed by another detachment, and a party of dragoons. After traversing many miles of rugged mountain scenery, by diifcrent tracks, the storming party appeared about break of day at the foot of the mountain. Colonel Southwell of the sixth foot, which was then acting as Marines, was ordered to head the attack, and he succeeded in driving the enemy from the outworks into the castle. Upon this success the Prince of Hesse, advancing with great eagerness through all the fire, was shot with a musket-ball in the thigh, and upon being carried to an adjacent cottage, expired : this accident somewhat damped the spirits of the soldiei's ; — at the same time a large reinforcement was seen advancing from the town to aid the garrison in the Castle, and the troops received orders from some inferior officer to retire. The Earl of Peterborough rushed to the spot, countermanded the order, seized the half-pike out of Lord Charlcmont's hand, and rallied and led back the soldiers to the posts they had so nobly won. The Spaniards, who were advancing 12 FORMATION AND SEUVICES OF MARINE CORPS. ii 1705 from the town, turned back, and the outworks of the Fortress of Montjuich were thus gained; batteries were constructed, and the inner works were assailed with cannon-balls, bombs, and grenades. On the 17th of September the Fort surrendered, and thus facili- tated the siege of the City of Barcelona, which was prosecuted with vigour. The Admirals even relin- quished for a time their natural element, and acted on shore as General Officers ; — they came daily from their ships with a body of men formed into companies, having captains and lieutenants of their own. Cannon and mortars were dragged up steep precipices by the men ; and a breach being declared practicable, a body of soldiers prepared to attack the town : further effusion of blood. was spared, however, by the surrender of the garrison, which capitulated on the 9th of October. The capture of Barcelona gave additional reputation to the arms of the allies, and this splendid achievement was regarded with astonishment throughout Europe. It was accompanied by the submission of nearly all Catalonia; and Boyer, in his histoiy of these wars, observes, " all the generals, admirals, officers, private " soldiers, and seamen, engaged in this memorable ex- " pedition, deserved each their share of the honour." 1706 King Charles and his counsellors, instead of exerting themselves to provide for the security of the towns which had come into their possession, and collecting the means for future conquests, spent their time and money in balls and public diversions. The breaches in Barcelona, and the fortress of Montjuich, were left unrepaired, and the garrison unprovided for a siege. Meanwhile King Philip was obtaining reinforcements from the favourers of his cause in Portugal, Italy, Provence, Flanders, and the Rhine, and he soon ap- FORMATION AND SERVICES OF MARINE CORPS. 13 rate ex- pcared at the head of above twenty thousand men to 1 706 recapture the provinces he had lost. A powerful French and Spanish force approached Barcelona by land ; a French fleet appeared before the town, and the garri- son, being weak in numbers, regiments were hurried from other places, one English regiment travelling one hundred and twenty miles on mules, in two days, to take part in the defence of Barcelona. The siege was commenced in the beginning of April, 1 706, when the soldier's repaired the breaches, and entered upon a resolute and desperate defence. A severe conflict took place on the '21st of April at Montjuich, in which Lord Donegal, of the thirty-fifth regiment, lost his life, and several prisoners were taken by the enemy ; but when the garrison was nearly exhausted, its numbers decreased by deaths, wounds, sickness, and other causes, to about a thousand eflbctive men, and a practicable breach was ready for the enemy to attack the place by storm, the English and Dutch fleet arrived with five regiments of foot ; the French fleet hurried from before the town ; and the reinforcements were landed. The French, who had prepared to storm the place on the 10th of May, relaxed in their efforts, and raised the siege on the following day, making a precipitate retreat. The important city of Barcelona being thus relieved, the fleet sailed on the l'2t\i of May, and landed the forces of every description on the coast of Valencia. This was preparatory to an attack on Alicant. The capture of Carthagena was in the interim eff'ected, and a garrison of six hundred marines under Major Hedges was established for its defence. The fleet arrived off" Alicant on the 26th of June, when the Governor-General Mahoni, was summoned to hi 14 FORMATION AND SERVICES OF MARINE CORPS. ^! \ Ul 1706 surrender : a refusal being made by the garrison, con- sisting of one thousand soldiers, and many inhabitants of the town who had volunteered in its defence, the bombardment of the city was resolved upon. Brigadier Richard Gorges, who succeeded the Earl of Donegal, as colonel of the thirty-fifth regiment, then serving as marines, moved from Elcho on the 21st of July to within a mile of Alicant, and all the marines of the fleet, with eight hundred seamen, were landed on that day, and on the following morning : — the bom- bardment commenced on the evening of the 22nd. A detachment of the navy, under Admiral Sir George Byng, rendered very essential service by dismounting many of the enemy's guns on the coast. On the 24th of July the marines arrived from Carthagena, and were immediately landed ; after four days the troops had gained possession of the suburbs, and all the boats were manned, and armed, in order to attack the town. On the 29th of July the ships having made a practicable breach on the Round Tower, at the west end of the place, and another at the middle of the curtain, the soldiers advanced to storm them. General Mahoni retired into the Castle, and was again sum-' moned by Brigadier Gorges, and was at length obliged to surrender his charge on the 25th of August, after a most gallant resistance, and a heavy loss. The fleet proceeded to Iviga, where it arrived on the 9th of September : the governor immediately saluted, and tendered submission to King Charles III. It was next resolved to attack Majorca, which surren- dered on the 14th of September : a garrison of one captain, one lieutenant, and one hundred marines, was placed in this island. 1707 In June, 1707, an opportunity offered of co-operating FORMATION AND SKRVICES OF MARINE CORPS. 15 with the Duke of Savoy and Prince Eugene, in an 1701 intended attack upon Toulon : the fleet proceeded for the coast of Italy, where it anchored, on the 28th of June, between Nice and Antibes, about a league from the Var : after a conference between the commanders-in- chief, it was decided that a joint attack should be made upon a part of the enemy's army then entrenched upon that river : the positions, being evacuated by the enemy, were immediately occupied by six hundred British sea- men and marines : the passage was thus secured for the Duke of Savoy to prosecute his designs, and frigates were stationed along different parts of the sea-coast : every aid was afforded by the fleet both as to men and cannon; but the enemy having daily augmented his forces, and having made a successful sally, the siege was raised on the 10th of August, 1707, after a loss of more than a thousand men. The French, from a sud- den dread of consequences, sunk a number of their largest ships of war, which were ever after unfit for service. King Charles having urged the reduction of Sardi- 1708 nia, with a view to open a passage for his troops in Naples to attack Sicily, as well as to secure a supply of provisions for his armies, a body of marines was with- drawn from Tarragona, a strong sea-port and garrison in Catalonia, to assist in this enterprise. On the J 2th of August, 1708, the whole arrived before Cagliari, the capital of Sardinia; and on receiving an equivocal answer to the summons to surrender, the bombardment com- menced on that evening, and continued, without inter- mission, until the next morning, when at the break of day Major-General Wills (thirtieth regiment) and the whole of the marines, with one Spanish regiment, were landed. The place, in consequence, almost immediately surrendered. i I'l r V V •! 16 FORMATION AND SERVICES OF MARINE CORPS. 1708 The whole having been re-embarked, the fleet again set sail on the 18th of August, 1708, for Minorca, and arrived at Port Mahon on the 28th of that month. At this period two of the Marine regiments were drafted, and the officers and men were incorporated into the other four, now employed on this service : this measure had become necessary in order to supply the casualties which had occurred, and to render these corps effective. For this purpose all the marines capable of duty, were drawn from the fleet about to return home, in order to assist in the reduction of an island, which, it was expected, would make a spirited and tedious defence. The first attack was against Fort Fornede, which was cannonaded by two of the ships, and surrendered after a contest of four hours; a detachment having been pushed to Citadella the capital, it surrendered without resistance : — the batteries were opened on the works defending the town of Port Mahon on the 17th of September, when, after a short but brisk fire, and the loss of only six men, a lodgment was effected under the walls of St. Philip's Castle : and on the next day the place surrendered. Thus was this strong fortress, and the important Island of Minorca, gained by a force of only two thousand four hundred men ; the garrison consisted of one thou- sand soldiers, with upwards of one hundred pieces of cannon mounted. Admiral Sir George Byng arrived at Lisbon on the 14th of October, from Portsmouth, having Her Majesty the Queen of Portugal on board ; but although many other objects of service were in contemplation, nothing further was attempted during the remainder of the year 1708. On the 28th of October, 1 708, the decease of His Royal FORMATION AND SERVICES OF MARINE CORPS. 17 of Ihe }ty "y Ihc Highness the Prince George of Denmark, Consort of 1708 Her Majesty Queen Anne, and Lord High Admiral of England, took place. In the early part of the year 1709 a plan was formed 1709 to attack Port Royal in the province of Nova Scotia, at that time in possession of the French : for this purpose a body of four hundred marines was embarked, and the expedition was entrusted to the joint conduct of Colonel Nicholson of the Marine forces, and Captain Martin of the Navy. The squadron proceeded for Boston, where they were reinforced by some ships, and provincial auxiliaries : for this intended conquest a council of war was held, and arrangements were made for the debarkation of a body consisting of two thousand five hundred men, which took place on the 24th of September. On the 1st of October the Go- vernor surrendered the fortress, and a garrison of Marines took possession. The fortress was named Anna-polis Royal, in honour of Queen Anne, in whose reign it was conquered. At this period the prospects of King Charles HI. in obtaining the monarchy of Spain, had become very gloomy and doubtful. The town of Alicant had sus- tained a long and obstinate siege, against very powerful forces of Spain and France. The garrison, consisting principally of Marines, exhibited the most heroic perse- verance in maintaining the place. The fleet under Admiral Sir George Byng, and the troops on board, under the command of General Stanhope, were to have attempted its relief, and the squadron was at the same time to have attacked the enemy's lines along the seashore; but the weather continuing severe, and heavy gales preventing communication with the town, the Commander-in-Chief deemed it necessary to \} c ■I" I Til 18 FORMATION AND SERVICES OF MARINE CORPS. n09 propose terms of surrender, and the remainder of the brave troops were embarked on board of the fleet, which now proceeded to Tck.ragona, Port Mahon, and afterwards tc. Barcelona. During the remainder of the yeai.* 1709, the fleets attempted nothing beyond the protecting of the convoys of provisions, where they were considered necessary, and in harassing the com* merce of the enemy. 1710 On the 13th of March, 1710, Admiral Sir Jrjn Norris ai rived at Port Mahon, as Commander-in- Chief of the Naval forces. After making arrangements for disposing of the ships and troops in attacks upon the enemy, he proceeded to Barcelona on the 18th of June, in order to concert future operations Avith His Majesty King Charles III. An expedition was planned against the Isle of Cette in the province of Languedoc, where the troops and Marines were landed on the 13th of July. The place made a feeble resistance, and the Fort, upon whivch were mounted eighteen pieces of cannon, surrendered on the same day. The regiment of Stanhope, and three hundred Marines, advanced against Adge, and the town was delivered up without resistance. The Isle of Cette was shortly afterwards recovered by the French army, under the Duke of Roquetaine ; but the British troops had previously re-embarked. 1711 In the early part of the year 1711 it was resolved to make an attack on the town of Quebec, the capital of the French possessions in Canada, for which service Admiral Sir Hovenden Walker and Major-General John Hill were appointed Commanders-ir, -Chief: a large fleet of ships of war formed part of the arma- ment, which was to be further strengthened by troops from the American colonies; they were directed to FORMATION AND SERVICES OF MARINE CORPS. 19 jred Id to ilof rvice leral lief: |ma- )op8 to proceed to Boston in New England, and to make 171 1 arrangements for this undertaking. They reached Naerlaskel near Boston on the 24 th of June, and having collected the provincial corps, and withdrawn the Marines from Anna-polis Royal, which had been occupied by these corps since its surrender in 1709, they sailed for the object of their destination, after many delays, on the 30th of July. The expedition did not reach the River St. Law- rence until the 2 1st of August, when it encountered storms, and being furnished with pilots who were unacquainted with the navigation of that river, eight transports, a store ship, and a sloop were lost by shipwreck, and upwards of eighty persons, including officers, soldiers, and women, principally belonging to Colonel Kane's fourth regiment, and Colonel Clayton's thirty-seventh regiment, perished in this fatal service. A scarcity of provisions had arisen, and it was then de- termined by a council of war that further operations should be abandoned. Some of the corps proceeded to Anna-polis Royal, and the squadron returned to England in the month of October, 1711, after having left the provincial auxiliaries upon their own coast. On the 17th of April, 1711, the decease of Joseph I., Emperor of Germany, occurred, and Charles III., of Spain, was elected Emperor of Germany at Frank- fort, by the name of Charles IV., on the 12th October following. Further attempts on the part of the British Government, in the cause of King Charles were now unnecessary, as he was called upon to assume the Imperial throne of his country. His Majesty embarked at Barcelona, on the 27th of September, on board of the confederate fleet, and sailed for Italy. In the year 1712 negotiations were entered into by 1712 c 2 I j'il u\ 20 FORMATION AND SERVICES OF MARINE CORPS. '. 1 1713 Great Britain and France, and peace was restored by the treaty of Utrecht on the Slst of March, 1713. By this treaty it was settled, that Great Britain should retain possession of Gibraltar, Minorca, and Nova Scotia, which had been conquered during the late war, and in effecting which, the Marine corps, which had been formed during the reign of Queen Anne, greatly contributed. 1714 On the return of peace, as concluded by the treaty of Utrecht, in 1713 the corps of Marines, which had been formed in the reign of Queen Anne, were ordered to be disbanded ; they were considered to be part of a war establishment, and a spirit of public economy, as well as of jealousy against a standing army, particularly in the early periods after the Revolution of 1688, afforded to the leaders of parliamentary debates, and of popular prejudices, grounds of objecti banded in 1718, after the Monarchy, in the line of the House of Brunswick, had been established, and the Peace of the Kingdom restored. 6. The Forty-second Highland regiment was formed in the reign of King George II. from independent companies in Scotland, in the year 1739. It was originally termed " The Black Watch," and was placed or the establishment on the 25th October, 1739 : — the command was conferred on Colonel James Earl of Crawford.* 7. The Forty-third regiment was raised for service in America, in the year 1740, by Colonel Andrew Spotswood, and afterwards commanded by Colonel W. Gooche. It was disbanded in 1743. * The Corps, •which had been formed in 1 737 by Colonel James Ogle- thorpe for service in Georgia and South Carolina, was disbanded in 1749. It had not been ranked iu the number of regiments of infantry in the Official Records of the Army, although in some publications of that period it was numbered the Forty-second regiment, according to its seniority and the date of its formation. APPENDIX TO THE MARINE CORPS. 5J 8. The Ten regiments of Marines raised in 1739 and 1740, were numbered from fhe 44th to the 53rd regiments, as shown in the following list, viz. : — Marine Regiments. Namei of the Colonels. Periods of For- mation, Colonr of the Facing, Precedence in the Regiments of infantry of the Line, Ist Regiment » 2Dd Regiment n n 3rd Regiment n n 4th Re^ment 5th Regiment » » n n » n 6th Regiment 7th Regiment 8th Regiment f» » »> n n n 9th Regiment lOth Rej^ment E. Wolfe . . G. Keightley . G. Churchill . Wm. Robinson Rt. Frazer . . Anthony Lowther R. Sowle . H. Holmes . J. Wynyard . Jas. Long . Byng, afterwards Visct. Torrington C. Donglas . J. Grant S. Daniel . . Jas. Cochrane . Honble. Lucius Da cie Moreton . J. Cotterell ' . Honble. W. Herbert Jas. Laforey . H. Cornwall . W. Hanmore . J. Duncombe • Lord G. Beauclerk Jas. Jordan C. Powlett . . J. Jeffreys . . Sir Andrew Agnew 1739 1745 1745 1739 1741 1739 1745 1746 1739 1742 1744 1739 1741 1741 1741 1739 1741 1747 1747 1740 1740 1742 1747 1748 1740 1740 1746 Deep Yellow Green LightYellow White . Primrose Yellow Green Cuffs, Collar, and Cap . . White. Light Yellow Buff . . Deep Yellow 44th Foot. 45th Foot 46th Foot. 47th Foot 48th Foot 49th Foot. 50th Foot. 51st Foot 52nd Foot. 53rd Foot The above ten regiments were disbanded in November, 1748. E 2 52 APPENDIX TO THE MABINE COUPS. ii » 43rd Regt. 44th Regt 45th Regt. 46th Regt. 47th Regt. 48th Regt. 9. The following seven regiments were raised, and added to the establishment of the army, in January, 1741; and in consequence of the disbandment of Colonel Spotswood's, afterwards Gooche's, American Provincials, and also of the ten regiments of Marines, the numerical titles of six of these regiments were changed, after the peace of 1748, as specified in the following list ; viz. : — 54th Regt., com. by Colonel Thomas Fowke, now the S5th „ „ James Long, . „ 56th „ „ D. Houghton, . „ 57th „ „ James Price, 58th „ „ J. Mordaunt, . 59th „ „ J. Cholmondeley, 60th „ „ H. De Grangue, disbanded in 1 748. 10. T[\e Forty-ninth regiment was formed in the year 1743, of two companies of one of the regiments raised in the reign of Queen Anne, which had remained at Jamaica, and of six other companies formed in that colony. The command was given to Colonel Edward Trelawny, then Governor of Jamaica. It was retained on the establishment after the peace of 1748, and numbered the 49th regiment. 11. On the recommencement of hostilities with France in 1755, fifty companies of Marines were raised, under the direction and control of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty. These companies were formed into three di- visions, 9.i the principal naval stations, Portsmouth, Plymouth, and Chatham.* The Corps of Marines having been raised in 1755, and since that period retained on the establishment, as a branch of the permanent national force of Navy, Army, and Marines, have been authorised to rank, when acting with infantry of the line, next to the Forty -ninth Regiment, as directed by His Majesty King George IV. in the following General Order, dated " Horse- Guards, HOth March, 1820. " In reference to the Reg7ila.tious regarding Precedence " of Regiments (as contained in page 10 of the General " Regulations and Orders of the Army), His Majesty has been " graciously pleased to command, that the Royal Marines, " when acting with the Troops of the Line, shall take their " station next to the Forty-ninth Regiment. *• By Command of H. R. II. the Commander-in-Chief. " Henry Torrens, Adjutant- General." * A Fourth Division wus formed at Woolwich by Ord^ in Council dated 15th August, 1805. APPENDIX TO THE MARINE CORPS. 53 12. In the year 1745 two regiments were raised for service in North America, bjr Colonel William Shirley and Colonel Sir William Pepperell. In 1754 they were numbered the 50th and 51st Regiments. 13. In December, 17.'i5, eleven regiments were raised and added to the establishment of the army ; and in consequence of the disbandment of Colonel Shirley's and Sir William Pepperell's regiments in 1757, the eleven regiments, above alluded to, were ranked two numbers higher in the list of regiments of infantry, as shown in the following list ; viz. : — 52ud Regt., com. by Colonel James Abercromby now the 50th Regt. Robt. Napier, H. Lambton, . W. Whitmore, John Campbell, G. Perry . . Lord C. Manners John Arabin . Robt Anstruther Charles Montagu 62nd Royal American,) ^ , mi t^ i /. x i of /our battalions,! ^°^' ^^® ^^''^ °^ Loudon, 53rd )» n 54th » » 55th » n 56th n n 57th j» M 58th )> t> 59th •> n 60th >» » 61st ,1 «• • jt 51st Regt. • » 52nd Regt. • >> 53rd Regt. • »» 54th Regt. » 55th Regt. • » 56th Regt. • » 57th Regt. • » 58th Regt • »» 59th Regt, 60th Regt. 14. In April, 1758, the Second Sattalions of the fifteen regiments, undermentioned, were formed into distinct regi- ments, and numbered as shown in the following list ; viz. :— 1 9th Foot, 2d Batt., const* 66th Regt. 20th Foot, „ „ 67th Regt 3rd Foot, 2d Batt, consf 61st Regt. 4th Foot, „ „ 62nd Regt, 8th Foot, „ „ 63rd Kegt, nth Foot „ >. G4thRegt, 12th Foot, „ „ 65th Regt, 23rd Foot, 24th Foot, 31st Foot 68th Regt. 69th Regt. 70th Regt. The Second Battalion of the 32nd was constituted the 71st Regt. „ H 33rd „ ., 72nd Regt „ n 34th „ „ 73rd Regt. ,. „ 36th „ „ 74th Regt „ „ 37th „ „ 75th Regt. After the peace of Fontainebleau, in 1763, reductions were made in the regular army, and the number of regiments of infantry was limited to Seventy. The above 71st, 72nd, 73rd, 74th, and 75th Regiments were consequently dis- banded in that year. 15. The number of regiments of infantry continued at Seventy, until the commencement of the American War in i ;. '' 54 APPENDIX TO THE MARINE CORPS. 1775, and the renewal of hostilities with France and Spain in 1779, when it was increased to One hundred and Five regi- ments, exclusive of Eleven unnumbered regiments, and thirty- six independent companies of Invalids. 16. After the General Peace in 1782 the number of regi- ments of infantry was again reduced. 17. In consequence of an increa^ j f possessions in India, and of additional troops being n' ■ 'ss; y for the suppression of certain native powers, which were hostile to the British Government, additional corps were raised and embarked for the East Indies in 1779, and in subsequent years. 1 8. The present Seventy-first regiment was raised in De- cember, 1777, and embarked for India in 1779. Its number was changed from 73rd to 71st regiment in 1786. 19. The present Seventy -second regiment was raised in December, 1777, and embarked for India in 1781. Its num- ber was changed from 78th to 72nd regiment in 1786. 20. The Seventy-third regiment was raised as the second battalion of the Forty -second (Highland) regiment in 1777, and embarked for India in 1781. It was formed into a dis- tinct regiment, and numbered the 73rd (Highland) in 1786. 21. The 74th (Highland), 7oth (Highland), 76th, and 77th regiments were raised for service in India in October, 1787, and enibarked for India in 1788. 22. The 78th (Highland), 79th (Highland), 80th, 81st, 82nd, 83rd, 84th, 85th, 86th, 87th, 88th, 89th, 90th, and 91st (Highland) regiments were raised in 1793, immediately after the commencement of the war with France, occasioned by the revolutionary and violent proceedings in that country in 1793. 23. The 92nd (Highland) and 93rd (Highland) regiments were raised and placed on the establishment of the army, the former on tlie 3rd May, 1796, and the latter on the 25th August, 1800. 24. The Scots Brigade was numbered the Ninety-fourth regiment on tlie 25th December, 1802. This corps liad been formed in the year 1568, for service in Holland against the APPENDIX TO THE MARINE CORPS. 55 uppression of Spain. Being a British corps, its services were demanded from the United Provinces by King James II. on the rebellion of the Duke of Monmouth in 1685, after the suppression of which it returned to Holland. It again em- barked for England with the Prince of Orange at the Revolu- tion in 1688. It remained in Great Britain until the Pro- testant cause had been established, and it re-embarked for Flanders in 1691, and served in the campaigns of King William III. It remained in the service of Holland until 1793, when it was decided by King George III., upon the application of the British oiRcers remaining in it, to require the corps to return to Great Britain. It was taken on the British Establishment on the 5th July, 1793. It then con- sisted of Three battalions; in 1795 it was reduced to Two battalions, and embarked for Gibraltar. In 1796 it was formed into One battalion, and proceeded to the Cape of Good Hope. It embarked, in 1798, for the East Indies, from whence, after much distinguished service, it returned to Eng- land in 1808. It embarked for Cadiz and Lisbon, and served with great credit in the Peninsular "War, from January, 1810, to July, 1814. It was disbanded at Belfast on the 24th December, 1818. 25. The Rijie Corps, commanded by Colonel Coote Man- ningham, was formed and added to the establishment of the Army on the 25th August, 1800. On 25th December, 1802, it was directed to be numbered the Ninety-fifth regiment, but was taken out of the list of numbered regiments of infan- try on the 6th February, 1816, and directed to be styled " The Rifle Brigade." It then consisted of three battalions, which were distributed at the following stations, viz. : — 1st Battalion. — 6 Companies with the Array of Occupation in France, and 4 Companies at ShorncliflFe. 2nd Battalion. — 6 Companies with the Army of Occupation in France, and 4 Companies at Shorncliife. 3rd Battalion. — 10 Companies at Dover. This Battalion embarked for Ireland in March, 1816. It was disbanded at Birr on the 24th of November, 1818. 26. The present 94th, 95th, 96th, 97th, 98th, and 99th re- giments were added to the establishment of the Army in the early part of the year 1824, in consequence of the increased number of the colonial possessions of the British Empire. ( 56 ) NoTK,— Tlie Compiler of these Records feels it a duty to acknowki'ge, that he ban derived a principal portion of the means of drawing up tite details of fhe services of the Marines from " An Historical Review of the Royal Marine Corps" published in 1803, " hi/ Cc.(itain Alexander Gillespie^ who served as an Officer in that Corps upwards of twenty-four years;" i\ work of considerable merit and research, which reflects great honor on its author, as an excellent scholar and a most zealous officor.