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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. y errata 3d to nt ne pelure. icon h \ T\ 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 b£l> \ ^:M SIS'-' A Paper Read at Conferenee, Indian and ColoniaJ E5chibition, London, July 2^,rd,.,1886. ■■■ ."'-*^ -;V: BY A L E X A N D E R, B E G^fc? r " / -*^:; ^ -j^ fioNixj^v:,* "'I ■K4 .,ss iiUyt w :Hll^X<3-l=tJ^rCX(DJ, .ritain In h''i' cnlonics is ol' ^rprater iinporlanci' to lior tlian to tli"in. l']iniL:,raiion iVoui led conntric-i of Kuropc to tlic va-t iiiiiicciipiril tracts I lii> o\'i'r-(a'o\V( n| land III .\iHli A A lala-ia ami .Vnio'ai'a is a in'ccs-il v ; is. i nia\' -.aw a law oi natiiri' which cannot .ic clicckeil oy anv liiiiiian ai:'"ncv or (lc-.]ionc < !o\-ci'iiin''iit regulations, (rcrinimy inav oinlcavoiii' hy .-ii-ici law- to k('c|i her sons witliin tlic liouiidarics of the (''adcrlaiid. luu if thci-c i- not riMini for thciii to c\|i;ind .and inipro\'c ihcir |io>iiion at hninctlic\- will ;^o ahroad in spite of all thai may he done to -top them. So it i.- wiih i'liiL^land — her snr|)lns population mii-t tind new fields of lalionr : and >o it i- with ("very oNcr-crowded country in Rurope. 'riieeolonic- ar.' li'iinid. ilierefore, e\eiitually to olitain their (pmta of iimniLia'ation : .ind it' it does not come fromiircat Dritain. it will eonn' from other connlrics. It r>riii-h enli^a•ants ;^'o elsewhere than to our (.'njonies. theii' places will he filled hy foreigner-, and (rreat i^)ritain will then find tli(> oiitlvin:^ port ions of rile empire populated cliiellv li\- people of . hut it is not ivallv iieci'--ary for tin' development of their resources that they slmuld do so; {^w if they do not rec<'i\'e the Ih'iti-h. they will assuredly receive the forei;,ni clement, and in that ca-e it will I'c -K) much the wiH'se I'or the nnit\- of the empire. 2 m I cannot understand why it is that so many of our foremost statos- iiK'U of the present day appear to pay so little heed to this all-iniportjint question of emigration. They see around them depression in almost every branch of trade ; thoy know that with our limited area our popu- lation is increasing year by year at a tremendous pace — a recent investigation showing that in this country for every six+y deaths there are one hundred births. They see the foreign markets gradually but surely closing against our manufactures, and it ca!.not but be apparent to them that the only way open is to create markets of our own, inde- pendent of the foreigi: demand. The idea of educating the British workman to a better and more scientific knowledge of Lis trade to enable him to competa with foreign artizans, is a good one and necessary ; but while this may not of itself give us back the trade we Lave lost, nor open foreign markets to us, it may prevent further loss in our commerce of the future, and enable us to keep the foreign manufacturer out of oUr colonies. What Great Britain has to do, therefore, is to create new markets for herself, weed out the surplus mouths she has to feed at homo and send them forth to the out- lying portions of the empire to become produ .ers of food for the use of the mother-country, and consumers of those articles of British manu- facture which, previous to their emigrating, they were unable in most cases to purchase, simply because they had not the means to do so. The saying that Trade follows the flag is exemplified in a striking degree by an examination of the import and export returns of our colonies. I am unable, of course, to give any array of figures within the compass of this paper to prove my case, but they are obtainable by those who care to look into the matter, and to aid them I have attached a few particulars as an appendix. Taking, however, the colonies to which British emigra- tion is chiefly directed, wo find that in the case of the Australasian group the imports from Great Britain, in round numbers, amount to about £32,000,000 as against £2J»,000,000 from foreign countries, but in the case of the latter, they consist principally of raw material and other produce not coming under the head of manufactures, while the imports from Great Britain are almost entirely manufactured goods. In the case of Canada, that colony, in 1879-80, was, in the opinion of most Canadians, compelled to adopt a stricter policy of protection to save , herself from ruin. The United States, with their population of 50,000,000, .'IS against Canada's 4J millions, while forcing Canadian manufac- tures to pay a high duty on entering American territory, enjoyed the privilege of sending American articles into Canada at a very low rate, and in consequence Canada was inundated with American goods too frequently of a very inferior quality. An almost complete suspension of some of the principal manufactories in the Dominion was :Jx'-\^^-ii?ii^-Sm^4-< 8 nost statos- l-imporUint in almost I our popu- — a recent eaths there adually but ie apparent own, inile- r and more vith foreign not of itself ets to us, it suable us to reat Britain eed out the 1 to the out- )r the use of ritish nianu- ible in most do so. riking degree onies. I am 3 compass of jse who care vv particulars itish emigra- ilusian group int to about 38, but in the il and other the importii 1 the opinion ection to save , £50,000,000, m manufac- Dry, enjoyed la at a very th American lost complete )ominion was the result, with much misery to the working classes. There was, how- over, no feeling of hostility to British manufactures, and, as a point of fact, the import of British goods into Canada is to-day larger than it was then in what liave been termed the free-trade days of the Dominion. Taking about the last year of Canadian low tariffs, namely, 1877-8, wo find that the imports of manufactur(;d goods from the United States amounted to nearly £6,500,000, wliile in 1884 they had dwindled down to about £3,000,000. In breacstuffs Canada imj)orted from the United States, in 1877-8, £2,890,984 8s. 6d., as against £941,775 2s. 8d. in 1884. The imports of raw material into the Dominion from the United States in 1877-8 for manufacturing purjmses was only £1,414,606 7s. 8d., while in 1884 they had risen to nearly £7,000,000. These figures speak for themselves, and prove conclusively that Canada's ])resent policy was forced upon her as a means of protection against her powerful neighbour, and not from any feeling of antagonism to British goods, and it certainly has brought life and energy into her manufacturing interest, and also secured for her farmers an inducement for increased agricultural pro- duction. But, taking the case of Great Britain, we find that the import of goods, chiefly in manufactures from the United Kingdom into Canada in 1880, about the time when the present policy was inaugurated, amounted to £7,552,874, while in lfc84 they came to £9,055,232, or an increase of about £1,500,000 in favour of the present system. It does not appear, therefore, that the change of policy brought about a decrease in British imports into the Dominion, and, as a point of fact, I know that British goods enjoy a very much higher character in the minds of Canadians than goods of a like nature imported from other countries. On the other hand, we find that in the case of the military stations and trading settlements of Great Britain the imports from the mother- country is only £6,000,000 as against £37,000,000 from foreign, countries. It would seem therefore, from these few figures, that for trade to follow the flag the standard-bearer must be emigration. A military post or mere trading settlement is not, it seems, imbued by any patriotic sentiment, nor is it influenced by any partiality for British goods, but rather the contrary. It is not my intention at this time to discuss what ought or ought not to be the fiscal policy of our colonies. I think in such matters they must be left to choose for themselves, unless some arrangement on a commercial basis for a freer interchange of commodities between the mother-country and her colonies can be entered into — and why not ? The outcome of this Colonial and Indian Exhibition is certainly calculated to bring about a closer connection for commercial purposes between the mother-country and her coljiies. Imperial Federation will never, I isa Icar, bo liroiiglit ahoiit Ity Act. of Parliainont. FcMlcration, in tlie light ill wliirli it is at proscnt regarded by some, may or may not hike })lace, i)iit a clos(u- union of interests — a more connnon bond of sympathy l)et\v(!en all parts of the empire, and a more niiited action for its defenc(» and for the; devctlopmtMit of its vast resources will, 1 have no doubt, tak<' jilace. AIniady the value of th;' colonies to Great Britain is moni of a popular belief with the British public than it was ever before. The fact cannot be ignored that the more we people our colonies with JJritish settlers the mor(! likely are wo to find an increased market for our manufactures among th(Mn, because th(»ir tastes are more in favour of the British as against the foreign article, whereas if we allow our colonies to be populateil by foreigners, the case will \w rever.s>^'l. Of some £2 40,01)0, OOO worth of domestic produce exported from the United Kingdom, the liritish possessions took nearly half. Sink these possessions beneath the sea to-morrow, and what would ife^mean to Great Britain? — ruin and starvation for her millions of workmen; and yet not so long ago it was the policy of some of our most eminent statesmen to cut our colonies adrift, on the plea that they were a source of weakness and expense to the mother-country. A short-sighted policy, indeed ! which no public man would dare to pro|>osH at the present time. But are we altogether free from short-sightedness in dealing with our colonies? 1 fear not. Take, for instance, our mode of dealing with emigration. It is held, I believe, by some of our chief statesmen that it is beyond the province of the Government to take up the question of emigration on any extended basis. They do not ignore it altogether, however, for the enormous sum of £500 has recently been voted towards the establishment of an emigration bureau in London. The most charitable view I can take of this most generous action on the part of the Government is to console myself with the idea that it is the very thin edge of the wedge which the authorities will ere long be forced to use in opening up the great question of emigration. To make our empire great, to make it strong, to bind our colonies closer and closer to the mother-country, the question of emigration must not be treated so lightly by our statesmen in the future as it has been in the past. There is nothing that I can see to prevent emigration being under- taken on a purely commercial basis, in which case emigration and colonisation would have to be combined, and the aid of the Government evoked merely as a guarantor, and not as a principal in the arrangement. We will suppose a company formed, with a capital of £1,000,000, to be employed in making advances to emigrants wishing to settle, say in the Canadian North- West. The whole capital employed would send out and settle 10,000 families, or about 50,000 souls. The security would be 1,600,000 acres, which, with buildings and improvements, would be worth n tlic li^ht tjike {)laco, syinpatliy its (hifenco oubt, take nioro of a MT before. ir colonies increased !s are more iroas if wo se will be e exported half. Sink it mean <;o workmen ; ost eminent re a source hted policy, resent time. Z with our ealing with imen that it question of altogether, ited towards The most the part of is the very be forced to ) make our ind closer to 3 treated so last. leing under- Tration and orovernment rrangement. 10,000, to be B, say in the lend out and y would be aid be worth at least £1,000,000. The interest which the company would expect wo will put at the lowest rate, say 6 per cent., or £(i(),000 per annum for their investment; and of this sum the Imperial GovernnKnit might guarantee half. The Canadian Government would give the land, and, by recent amendments to the Dominion Lands Act, have provided for the protection of the company finding the means and tlu! Imiurial (lovernment in guaranteeing the interest. Appendix li to this paper Mill give full particulars of tlu* ameiidinenl. 1 refer to. Tli(» settler would be required to pay in all within ten years of his first .settlement, including capital and i-cerest, £133, or an average of £13 (is. annually, supposing the advance made him in the first place to be £100, and that he made his payments regularly. It is probable tliat for the first three years he could not make his I'ull payments, and here it is that the guarantee of the Imperial Government would come in. 1 verily believe that, with the co-operation of the Canadian authorities, the Imperial exchequer would not lose one lartliing in the end ; and the question of State-aided emigration would be solved without an atom of expense to the taxpayers of Great Britain. The gcheme would not be a stationary one, for as tlie money was repaid by the settlers it could be re-invested in sending out others to swell the number of British colonists, producers of food and consumers of our manufactured goods ; helping to feed our artizans, and assisting to keep our looms and work- shops busy. This is merely a rough outline of what could be done — details as to the mode to be adopted in advancing the money and in arranging for the repayment of capittil and interest would occupy too much time ; but that such a scheme can be successfully carried out has been already proved by ventures of a lesser degree on the part of i)rivate individuals in the person of Lady Gordon Cathcart, Baroness Burdett Coutts, and others. Let the Imperial Government agree to become the guarantor of a stipulated sum in interest, and I do not suppose there would be any difficulty in finding capitjdists to embark upon the scheme. That some such plan for aiding colonisation is necessary no one who has studied the subject will dispute ; and that Great Britain would be the gainer by it is not difficult to prove. I have heard various reasons put forward from time to time against emigration, and amongst others that it would tend to take away our best workmen, and leave behind the indolent and worthless. The colonies, it has been said, do not want the scum of our cities, and wo cannot afford to give them the bone and sinew of the country, the industrious mechanic, farmer, and labourer. This is no fair argument to use. In the first place, let me ask what produces, to a large extent, the scum of the cities in any coun try- wherever you go? Is it not the overflow of the working classes in the conntry and varloMs minor manufacturing' (listricts drivon out liV a Hcarcity of work and attracitod to tlio ^n-at city hy tlio liopc of li(>tt«'rin;,' their condition, oidy to onl.s ; hut (ircat Hrituiii on an average dooH not produci* over 75,000,000 buHhoIn, leaving 130,000,000 buHbols to ho Hupplicd hy foreign countrioM, and of this India and tho colonion comi)in('(l do not contribute as yot much moro than 30,000,000 hushols. Taking tho whole of tho annual food imports of Groat Britain, wo find thcni to bo about as follows : — Live cattle, sheep, and pigs ... ,£lO,r)04,877 Beef, mutton, pork, bacon, ham, fish, eggH, batter, cheese, &c 8!),73(),()81 Wheat and wheat flour 30,06.'),r)77 Oats, Indian corn, barley, rye, meal, ho[8, rice, &c., &c. ... 4.S,<»l)0,4r)0 Fruit, nuts, and vegetables f),.^! 9,290 £129,910,275 or not quite one-third of tho whole imports of the United Kingdom. It is evident, therefore, that the; food supply of Gr<'at Britain is a very important question, and one that bears very strongly on the trade of the country. Next to food is the impcrtation of the raw material for manufacturing purposes, and it will l)e seen by a glance at the tables appended to this paper, and bearing n mind that the total imports of Great Britain are over £390,000,000, that while our colonies are capable of supplying the mother-country with nearly everything she requires in both food and raw material, they only supply us with a small propor- tion at the present tiir.e. Why, then, should we be dependent on foreign countries for those supplies which our own empire can produce ? The answer is, because we do not pay sufficient attention to emigration ; because our Government do not (!eem it part of its duty to see that our surplus population at home is directed to our colonies, to till the soil, and produce what is necessary to enable the mother-country to sustain her population. A glance p.c the tables will also show you that our colonies can produce, with few exceptions, all that is required by Great Britain. The only thing w}>iiting to bring this about is population and the introduction of capital — men and money — both of which the United Kingdom has plenty of and to spare. A glance at the appended tables will also show that our colonies are incomparably our best customers for our manufactures, and that, while we are large purchasers in foreign marts for both food and raw material, we do not find there corresponding markets for our goods. If the population of our colonies should increase it is reasonable to suppose that in a corresponding degree the home demand for British manufactures would also increase, for I must again repeat that trade follows the flag, and the British emigrant will always prefer the British as against the foreign article. Let me give a notable instance whera the balance of trade is against us. We import from the United States £86,278,641 lMjl*t.M>'< "• B. 22 Got." 15 C. P. R. i 9 C. N. Tl. or C. p. R. Got. 10 Gut. C. P. R. 85 \j» x^« R« 26 H. B. 28 crpi'K. 14 Got. 11 Schools. 2 GoTr 86 Got. 25 C. N. W. nr C. p. R. 24 Got. 18 C. K. W. or C. p. B. 12 Got. C. N. W. or C. p. R. E. S. C. p. B.— Canadian Paciflc Railway Company's Land. GOV.— Govornment Homestead and Pre-emption liands. SCHOOLS.— Sections reserved for support of Schools. H. B. — Hudnon's Bay Company's Lands. C. N. W.— Canada North- West Land Company's Lands for as far west from Winnipeg as Moose Jaw only. Sections 1, 9, 13, 2i, 2i, and S3, from Moose Jaw westward, still belong to the Canadian Facile Comitany. 16 I» will thus bo scon tlat the sections in cnch to^vnshlp are apportioned at fo llown :— Opm/nr Homeftrad anil Pre-emptiont.-Hot. 2, I, fi, 10, 12 14, 18, IR, 2'i, 22, 24, 28, 30, S2, H. 38. Canadian Pacific. Jiaihray Srctionj'.—'Sm. 1. Ji, S, 7, 9, 13, 18, 17, 19, 21, 23, 26, 27, 31, fS, 3». Noa. I. 9, 13,21,33,33 alnn^ the main lino, Wlnnipeff to Mnoge Jaw, >ol(l to lanada Nnrth-Wett Land Company, their ba a ce of the land beinff in Bimthcrn Manitoba. ilchool Sections. Nog. 1 1, ::» (roaurvod by Oovoniuiont solely for school purposes.) Huiiton'a Bay Sevtwru. — Nos. 8 aud 28. The followinir township diagram will give an idea of how the lands are pituntc 6, range 10 to to 22. Agent, lian. Agent, oHugh.Carlylo Idian. Agent, iship 32 to 36, ange west 2nd township 31, whip 31 to 42, bia. Agent, iridian; town- ship 39 north . ,E. A.Nash, 10 west 3rd I and pre-emption r, while » lUfi of k deilnble choice " If any person or compnny fihall be desirouB of assistinff by advances in money intending setllcrs to piucu tiiemselves on liniiiosteud lands iti Manitoba or tlie North-West Territories, and of securing such adrnnces, such person or coiupany may make application to the Minister of the Interior, stating the plan rir project intended to be acted upon, the steps to bo taken in furtherance thereof, and the amount to be advanced to such settlers; and the Minister o( the Interior may sanction and authorise such plan or project, or refuse his sanction and authority thereto. " If such plan or project bo so sanctioned, nnd such person or company shall thereupon place any settler upon a homestead, a statement of the expense incurred by such person or company in paying the actual hond fide cost of the passage and of providing for the subsistence of such settler and his family, of erecting buildings of his homestead (to which purpose at least one-half of the advance made shall be devoted), and of providing horses, cattle, farm implements and seed ginin for him, together with an amount in money sufTicient to cover the interest on the amount advanced for a time to be agreed upon, to enable such settlor to obtain a return from the cultivation of such homestead, shall be furnished to him, and upon his approval thereof, shall be submitted with proper vouchers in support thereof to the local a;^cnt, who shall exnmino and verify the same both by such vouchers and by an examination of such settler, and of such person or company, or their represent itive ; and shall certify the result of such verification by a writing upon such statement signed by him, and thereupon such settler may make and execute an acknowledg- ment in writing of the amount so advanced to him, and may by such writing create a charge upon such homestead for the amount of such advance, not exceeding the sum of six hundred dollars, and for the interest thereon, at a rate not exceeding eight per cent, per annum. " Such acknowledgment and charge shall be deposited with the local agent, and thereafter the holder of such charge shall have the right to enforce payment of the amount so advanced and of the interest thereon by ordinary legal proceedings ; provided always, that the time to be fixed for the payment of the first instalment of interest upon such advance shall not be earlier than the first day of November in any year, nor shall it be within lees than two years from the establishment of such settler upon such homestead ; and provided also, that such settler shall not be bound to pay the capital of such advance or any part thereof within a less period than five years from the date of his establishment upon such homestead. " Upon such acknowledgment and charge being duly executed and duly registered in the Registry Office for the Territorial Division in which such homestead shall be situated, the same shall constitute and be and remain a first charge upon such homestead after the issue cf the patent or certificate of patent for such home- stead, until duly satisfied and extinguished according to law. " If such settler shall not perform the conditions of settlement required to entitle him to a patent for such homestead within the time and in the manner provided by the Dominion Lands Act, and shall thereby forfeit his right to obtain a patent, the holder of the charge created thereon may apply to the Minister of the Interior for a patent of such jhomestead, and upon establishing the facts to the satisfaction of the Minister shall receive a patent in his name therefor ; and such patentee shall be bound to place a bond fide settler on such homestead by the sale thereof to such settler or otherwise within two years from the date of such patent, I 20 I and in dcftult of no iUiiag witiiin tlie wkiil period tihull be bound »nd (il)liKud on dennnd to lull the Raid liouioHtuitd to any pl)Iicr Oi'i! ami iinwroufjht Copper Ciiiilii^c and 'I'winc... Corn ami <, 'urn Products Ccitloii, raw I »>■!■ Stuffs and Dye Woods ... Ki'allR'i'.s, ornamental l-'ish Klax l''''iiit 'So" I. p< o ' British West India Islands. ll,6Ki 490,736 87.223 12,366 168,260 74,328 44,386 49,388 115,333 271,018 1,107,480 9,142 9,743 British Guiana, British Honduras. 11,992 3,072 298,055 2,014,249 22,453 Falkland Islands, 65 79,793 17,599 Mauritius 3,170 2,364 13,214 168,821 60,470 14,192 18,156 29,176 4.930 11,331 6,690 6,466 234^439 4,774 474 20 Articlea enumerated above are those which appear ii ENDIX 0. THE PRINCIPAL BRITISH COLONIES IN 1884. 81 tlsh una. British Honduras. Falkland Islands. Maurltins Natal. Cape of Good Hope. £ !it. Helena. The Gold Coast. West Africa Set- tlements. Malta and Uozo. Gibraltar.; Aden. Ceylon. Hong Kong. Straits So'tlements. Channel Island.'). £ j Total. I'lUNCIPAL A11TICI,K.<<. £ £, £ £ £ £ £' £ £ a £ £ £ £ ... ... ... ... *•• ... ... ... . . ' , , . 39.001 Alkali ... :;: ... ... *.* ... ::; . .. 64,870 1,494,395 11,015 Animals Asplialt ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 593,988 Bacon and llaius ... ... • .. ... ... ... ... 05,953 Boef, frosli ... ... >.* ... ... ... ... • .* ... • •• .. 23.735 Boef and Pork, salted ... ... .■• **. ... ... ... . .. ... ... 8.533 Bones ... >.• ... i.. ... ... .. . . . • •• ... ... 5.285 205,790 Butter and Butterine ... ... 14,192 • •• • ■• 8,061 ■ •• 13,139 127,283 ... ... 27.972 ... ... 89,980 ... 280,027 1,490,504 CJnoutchouo Cheese ,992 ... ... • .« .«• ... ... *■* 502.728 Cocoa 3 *.■ 3 ... 21,758 ... ... . .. ... ... 72.512 975.810 8,021 7,185 1.122,521 Coffee •'• ... ... ... 843,671 ... ... 3^835 • .. . .. 77^454 58,070 1 1,011,133 77,454 4,221,024 Copper Ore and unwrought Copper Cordage and Twine Corn aud Corn Products • •■ ... 18,156 282 2 ... 13,926 . . . • ■• ... 9,274 ... 1 09,052 Cotton, raw 65 ... 29,176 ... ... ... ... . .. 4,600 ... 579.014 21,959 ' • • 1 . .. 040,912 Drugs 79.793 ... ... ... ... ... 1.150 ... 1,080 ... 1 538,902 941,091 Dry Stuffs and Dye Woods ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..* ... 3.574 3,571 Eggs ... *•• ••i 4.761 1,338 716 ... 4,200 ' " 11.019 ::; ... ' " 1,358,090 407,453 4,204 Feathers, ornamental Fish Flax ,072 • *• ••• ..• ... ... :;: ::: 20.310 7,733 5,422 32^998 0,900 57!il2 410,394 ; 45.654 233,007 292,596 410,394 Fruit Gum, of all sorts Gutta Percha ... •.1 4,930 ... ... ... ... . .. • •• ... 141,077 ... 103,801 Hemp ... 3,170 11.331 53,313 2^004 239,835 18,837 9,143 18,189 324 "750 9^201 218392 3^079 66!518 12^055 ... 13.993 19!084 7^784 2^310 ... ... 170.357 21^002 ; 48,578 1 203^508 124^698 4.893 005,077 44,128 55,980 48,578 55,226 97,505 3,391 889,905 115,095 315,240 210,980 817,092 513,775 Hides, raw Hops Horns and Hoofs Isinglass Ivory, Teeth, Elephants', &c. Lard Lead Ore Ij eather Manures, Guano, &c. Meats, imenumerated, preserved otherwise than by salting Metal, unenumerated, unwrought Mutton, fresh Nuts for expressing Oil therefrom ... ... 6.690 ... 60 ... 575.190 17.006 31,134 253.819 16,070 2,910 20,578 6.925 1.120.511 51.121 Oil, and Oil products Ore, unenumerated ;;; 2,536 "835 •• 1.549 ;;; 3^080 585 40.108 13 ... 127^280 25,420 391,305 ... ... 46.108 20,354 443,229 2,134 96,093 130.300 Plumbago Eice Sago, and other Farinaceous sub- stances unenumerated Seeds, unenumerated, for expressing Oil therefom Shells of all kinds Silk, Kaw and Manufactured • . • 2,364 5.480 491.654 65 4,950 16,497 ... ... 4,218 1,039.059 Skins and Furs of all sorts . • • ... ... • .. ... 134,017 134,017 Stones, rough or manufactured ... ■ . ■ **• 8.465 ... . . . 8.405 Sponge • • . . . . ... 1.704 15,068 ... 4.005 81.477 10,109 888,351 1,122,047 Spices t,0B5 6,466 8.072 ... ... ... ... ... 22,123 ... 583,611 22,423 Spirits, Kum Suecades 1,249 17,599 13^214 1 1 234.439 4^774 56,073 3,916 26,7' 5 = ... 2!326 7i!499 2^014 3,052 158^909 43,200 415!459 133.' 83 1,202,150 19.810 ... ... ... 7,ni 495,201 6^787 3,617,514 907,959 000,347 1,993,489 20,901 507,208 10,242 38,008 Sugar and Molasses Tallow and Stearino Tea Tin Ore and Ingots, etc. Tobacco Vegetables, raw aud Roots Wax Wine Wood and Timber, hewn, sawn or !,453 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3.376,832 split. Staves Wood Furniture. Hardwoods un- 168,821 1 ... ... ... ... 195,510 enumi^rated 60,470 474,340 20.526 2,421,505 283,5(0 373 114 ... ... 897,929 ... . .. 22,811,418 i 301.050 Wool, Sheep aud Lambs „ Goat's Wool or Hair 1,821 266,281 1 j » 9,218 330,157 629,387 5,228,221 1,512 838.063 1 251.590 148,021 9,173 202,741 2.191,147 1.304.219 ] 779,145 50,002,307 ;ed above are those which appear in the Government return. I m APPENDIX D. EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED KINGDOM TO THE PRINCIPAL BRITISH riUNCIl'AI- AMI OTIIHU AliTlCMCS. Ciiiiiiilii. ' Ncw- jfouiKlland 1 •£ i West 1 Aiixtl'ftlia. i £" Soiilli AiiKti'iilia. Victoria. £ Xow Sduth Wales. Queensland. Tasninnla. Xew Zciiland. I'iji Islands. BormudaH. British West India Islands. British Guiana. British Honduras. £ Falkland Lslaiids. Manritins. Xatal. £ .t £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ a Aplp.iicl 1111(1 ll.ilicnliislicr.v .■ 807,032 • 114,780 1 4'l,358 304,641 104,765 890,605 201,541 77,206 474,8.37 13,567 285.011 58,180 10,770 3,555 13,332 202,23 Aims, Aiiiiiniiiitiiiii.iiml Slilitary Stores 1 •■• 1 3.232 34,584 71,498 139,839 28,980 12,303 38,001 502 2,770 11,11,'s iind Sai'kH. Empty 8,500 306 2,891 2,135 7,823 14,171 ... 19^001 17,059 lii'i'r nn • •• ... • •• 117,919 85,288 ... 78.981 ... Mcdicivu'H, JJruys, & Medicinal Prepa- rations ... 4.1,103 3, .381 28,169 58,994 98,004 29,580 4,2!.7 32,241 19.493 ... Metals 1,362,297 4fl,812 46,580 320,337 a3S,718 1.352,010 384,001 124,H(J7 542^274 30,033 6il0 136,528 48,219 4^725 2,.351 37^050 105,5C Mu.siciil Instnunents 2fi,227 34,137 2,302 25,327 ... ■ ... Oil Seed ... 61 ,901 34,323 34,438 ... riiinters' Colours and Miiterials 58,925 ... 99,789 89,241 4("),090 13^997 7!421 4^998 l':\]M- of all Sorts, including? Hanging 62,371 4,368 (i2,030 257,256 218,080 52,(01 13,272 107,107 13,01 I'iekles, Vimij^ar, Sauces, &c. 70,760 13,145 31,536 88,987 182,123 61,061 10,803 72,733 3,928 i!029 23,5: I'l-ovisions, includint: Meat ... 9,275 13,339 23/J50 5^790 435 10,2; Salt 45.493 3,040 Silk Manufactures ... 148,428 23,572 86,066 76!240 27^036 1^916 ^oiip 3^138 ... 7(^952 8^455 3,772 21,2J Sjiirit.'^, Dritish and Irish 45,718 46^616 125^990 97,003 52,577 71,214 ... 8,7! Stationery, other than Paper 44,119 13,801 63,191 68,913 ... 0,751 30,972 15^934 • . . Siii,'ar, Kelined 42,959 1 7^01 8 ... 1 '.'.'. 'I'elefiiapliie Wires and Apparatus 1,333,991 51 7^398 "915 1 611 ... t'liilpi-ellas and Parasols 40,010 .■" 37^741 ... , Weed, Manufiu'tured, of all kinds • •• ... 14;776 ' 10,339 1 i i Woollen Mimufaeturcs 1.519,190 74!764 13,428 187,204 8.14483 629,517 ll.'i',.")92 37,398 310,409 4,313 90,893 21,7H5 4,990 "304 10,018 03,8( < itlior Articles 1,820,417 225,652 89,996 589,694 1 ,861,102 2,102,325 0(39,876 l;i5,447 990,093 20,500 23,476 518,445 213,969 47,133 12,539 110,141 352,1 £ 9,055,232 1 631,605 278,849 2,421,767 7,598,811 9,891,148 2,300,276 505,307 4,118,747 129,836 70,870 2,463.705 931,031 ' 124,427 27,898 428,092 1,103,0 Only such Colonies are inohuled in the abovci Table of \Yhiel\ r OIX D. ^HE PRIN^'IPAL BRITISH COLONIES IN 1884. British Honduras. £ 10,770 2,770 1^742 1,443 32,305 2,074 4,599 1^396 2,814 1,978 4,725 l,91fi 3,772 4,990 47,133 Falkland Islands. 3,555 1,200 1,481 471 370 414 1,891 1,156 2,351 1,029 435 Mmiritiiis. Xatiil. Go^fHoUlst- "»•-"■ 304 12,539 124,427 27,898 £ 13,332 11,907 19,094 100,455 1,199 2,058 4,829 2,598 870 3,171 21,385 78,981 202,237 ' 618,780 50,493 ... I 18,841 47,070 35,313 45,300 i i 1,897 ' 118,820 8,509 12,800 18,100 14,211 75,529 10,474 7,725 30,902 11,5143 17,972 73,852 378,200 23,032 42,784 23,830 50,538 50,033 21.3S8 200,307 28,505 14,707 71,805 ... < ... , 30,789 37,050 I 105,500 i 300,081 12,192 4,998 13,015 23,570 10,253 21,287 1 8,780 ' 20,738 39,233 : 100,801 65,270 < 14,980 79,837 32,884 30,722 Ascension, Tlie Gold Const. £ 2,981 1 ,742 i 424 i 417 i 381 505 117 783 ! 187 841 1 1,555 ' 380 10,018 110,141 03,803 162,991 211 I 352,105 633,025 13,283 ! 428,092 1,163,675 !3,369,274 424 £ 9,432 15,787 3,841 018 Wps,. .\frica Set- tlements. £ ' 20,900 13,132 I i 1,654 I 51 4,912 373,599 0,030 15,092 5,803 Malta and Gozo. £ 17,114 2,981 59,405 "7,418 297,544 (iil)i-altar. I 28,290 213,343 j 282,849 2,433 6,680 3,040 11,008 3,828 12,724 7,547 2,043 11,290 1 1 ,038 ! 33,770 23,810 ... 10,125 2,807 4,575 1 4^974 4^181 ; 2^047 : "902 14450 126^080 "oil ■ 12,050 88,402 ! 1,995 594,852 405,845 51,515 58,524 ?5,982 252,715 £ 19,C40 55,083 14,211 Aden. Cojlon. „ ,. „„ .Straits i 4,729 3,313 17,880 229,(;90 94,039 199,827 5,518 1,033 4,211 10,414 9,589 7,202 8,541 15,190 102,988 9,086 275,264 10,159 4,297 13,843 la.GOl 7,831 44,908 11,710 7^276 23.957 139,309 19,014 4,361 58,752 492,191 1,549,136 18,187 9,952 39,512 240,342 £ 36,559 19,436 21,314 Channel J.slauds. 218,755 169,686 1,358,529 22,438 10,544 32,821 13,064 05,943 149,170 16,248 14,105 £ 00,898 29,239 13,504 7,772 ; 8,104 42,318 3,312 55,375 10 220 24,90li 9,541 33,197 32,310 8,013 38,940 2,878 11,154 20,181 591 25,450 180,972 ISl 91,065 9,r66 i 80,071 9,924 j 40,355 11,620 ;304,S04 ' 05,734 193,9>4 I 077,800 474,800 TdT.vi,. 4,819,399 578,022 95,231 9i;9,(;43 511,30!) 03,577 ■ 8t',472 i 169,043 i 1 32 480 1 303,328 50,200 208,387 708,412 9,307,372 i 503,021 ! 3^7,055 429,287 1,01 1 ',339 031,6(i3 155,010 l,49;t,719 ; 220,723 1 700,543 ! 2,033,219 '] 321,128 I'KlNCirAL AND OTIIKH AKTICI.KS. •/,534 ' 359,425 24,404 0,317,792 ... ! 100,245 i 120,002 ll,5b8i 303,035 : 841,049 i 001,920 1H,407 { 188,393 55,975 ... : 375,722 5,021 : 209,871) 485,029 4,506 : 288,935 3,912 144,227 1,183,423 184,030 39,876 9,963 4,538,632 350,268 12 880,489 Apparel and Halionlasliei'v .\nns,Ammunitiim,iin(l Jlilitiirv Sturrs Ha^-s and Sacks, Empty licer and Ale Hooks, Printed Butter Candles Cenifnt Chouiieal Prodtiots and Piviniriitinns, includiuf^ Dye .Stuffs Coal Cinders and Fuel Corda},'e and Twine Corn, Grain, Meal, &c. Cotton Yarn Cottons Earthenware Furnituro,Caoinet& Upholstery AVaros Class Maunfaetui'es Hardware and Cutlery Hats of all sorts Implements and Tools Leather, Wronj^ht and Uuwrouvclit „ Saddlery and Harness Linens Machinery Manures Medicines, Drugs, A Me(leciiial ations Metals Musical Instriiuienta Oil Seed Painters' Colours and Materials Paper of all Sorts, inclndinj,' Mantj Pickles, Vinegar, Sau<'es \o. Provisions, incliidiiii; IMeat Salt Silk Mantifaetures Soap Spirits, lirit ill and Irish Stationery, other than Paper Sugar, Ketined Telegraphic Wires and Apparatus I Umbrellas and Parasols I Wood, Manufactured, of all kiu.ls Woollen Manufactures Other Articles , ri-ciinr- 790,370 211,675 , 782,053 |3,587,487 i2,81G,298 804,338 56,241,454 , led in the .above Table of which reliable Statistics are available. Tlevenue, Canada ... Nowfoundlanc New South "W Victoria South Auatra West Auatra Tasmania New Zealanc Queensland Cape of Goo Natal ... Mauritius Jamaica Windward Leeward Is Trinidad British Gu British Ho Turks' Isli Gibraltar Malta ... Cyprus ... Bermuda St. Helen Gold Coat Sierra Le Falkland Labuan . Hong K( Fiji Straits ! Ceylon Bahama 23 APPENDIX E. Revenue, Expenditure, and Public Debt of the British Colonies, 1884. Area. 1 Population. Revenue. £ Kxpendlturft. Debt. Canada ... 3,470,392 4,324,810 6,542,497 6,387,619 87,404,897 Newfoundland ... 40,2.0 197,332 244.000 263,000 448.000 New South Wales 310.700 921,268 7,118,000 8,906,000 18.921,268 Victoria 87,834 862,346 5,935.000 5.715.000 28.325.112 South Australia ... 908,690 312,781 2,0^4,928 2.398.191 15,474,000 West Australia ... 1,060,000 32,95S 290,000 291.000 765,000 Tasmania 26.216 130,541 549,000 584,000 3,202,300 New Zealand 104,403 564,304 3,707,000 4.101,000 32,860,982 Queensland 668,497 309,913 2,674,000 2,752,000 16,419,850 Cape of Good Hope 213,636 1,027,168 2,949,951 3,504,588 20,658,266 Natal 18,750 424,495 610,937 746,808 3,215,445 Mauritius 713 361,094 741,054 698,320 749,000 Jamaica 4,193 580,804 473,306 469,681 1.243.8i)9 Windward Islands 784 316,486 286.000 275,000 37.900 Leeward Islands ... 665 119,546 118,496 110,927 67,000 Trinidad 1.754 153,128 476.058 471.189 590,640 British Quiana ... 109,000 252,186 460,932 449.785 169,600 British Honduras > ... Turks' Island • ... 6, ICO 27,000 52,000 54.000 ••• 169 4,732 10,478 7,978 ••• v.. Gibraltar 2 18,000 45,000 61,000 ■•• Malta 119 157,0)0 213,000 210,000 408,000 Cyprus ... 4,000 186,000 194,000 112.000 ... Bermuda 19 15,000 29,000 30.000 6.000 St. Helena 47 5,000 10,000 11.000 7,000 Gold Coast and Lag^os 19.853 726,000 184,000 158,000 Sierra Leone and Gambia... 537 75,003 76.000 85,000 58,000 Falkland Islands... 6,600 1,350 10,000 8,000 ... Labuan ... 30 6,000 5,000 4,000 ... Hong Kong 32 160,102 268,635 , 279,645 ... Fiji 7,740 129.000 92,000 98,000 254.000 Straits Settlements 1,472 423.068 644,570 593,639 55,900 Ceylon ... 25,365 »,763,984 1,163,000 1,155,000 2,193,274 Bahamas 6,890 44,000 45,000 46,000 48,000 7,099,161 15,632,896 38,242,837 41,027,370 183,583,333 ■: Vl- i \y- 24 APPENDIX P. Imports and Exports — British Colonies, 1883 and 1884. IMPORTS. EXPORTS. COLONY. Forolgn. BrltlKh. Foroign. British. Canada 16,709,000 10,844,000 10,613,000 9,822,000 Newfoundland 1,224,000 678,000 1,126.000 345,000 New South Wales 10,125,000 1 '.156,000 9,407,000 7,310,000 Victoria 9,034,000 8,710,000 9,028.000 7,371,000 South Australia 2,818,000 8,492,000 2.361.000 2 522,000 Western Australia 286,000 231,000 169,000 278,000 Tasmania 1,202,000 631,000 1.352.000 380,000 New Zealand 2,732,000 5,242,000 l,74f>,000 5,347,000 Queensland 3,461,000 2,772,000 3,347.0DO 1,930,000 Cape of Good Hope 1,: 82,000 4,899,000 434,000 4,400,000 Natal 366,000 1.385,000 139,000 693.000 Mauritius 1,882,000 884,000 3,452,000 378.000 Jamaica 650,000 942,000 668,000 801.000 Windward Islands 965,000 712,000 873,000 891.000 Leeward Islands 259,000 231,000 263,000 278.000 Trinidad 1,785,000 878,00 • 1,873,000 814,000 British Guiana 959,000 1,266,000 1,582,000 1,590,000 British Honduras 120.000 149,000 126,000 177,000 •Malta 22,637,000 114,000 13,823,000 8,148,000 •Bermuda 178,000 61,000 8P,600 1,400 •St. Helena 29.000 27,000 12,600 1,400 •Gold Coast and Lagos 289,000 609,000 448.000 510,000 •Sierra Leone and Gambia ... 260,000 392,000 435,000 215,000 •Falkland Islands 4,000 49,000 ... 85,000 Fiji ... 327,000 25,000 •Straits Settlements 14,039,000 4,769,000 14.839.000 3,926,000 •Ceylon 3,241,000 1,288,000 1.448.000 1,883,000 Bahamas 179,000 54,000 113.000 35,000 Turks' Islands 22,000 3,000 32.000 1,000 97,286,000 62,468,000 80.129.200 60,157,800 « Thua marked are Trading Settlements or Military Statlone. 25 APPENDIX G. Colonial Railways and Telegraphs, 1883-84. British. COLONY. A roil in square uilea. Miln Railway. .MiJoi TelPirrnuli Wire. Canada 3,470,392 9,943 47,306 Newfoundland ... 4 ,200 ... New South Wales 810,700 1,G88 9,755 Victoria 87,884 1,621 8,055 South Australia 903,690 1,059 5,292 West Australia 1,060.000 138 1,S85 Tasmania 26,215 239 1,403 New Zealand ... 104,403 1,479 4,2f;4 Queensland 668,497 1,207 6,979 Cape of Good Hope 213,636 1,344 8,663 Natal 18,750 116 ... Mauritius 713 ... ... Jamaica 4,193 25 ... Windward Islands 784 ... ... Leeward Islands 665 ... Trinidad 1,754 51 ... British Guiana .. . 109; '00 21 British Honduras 6,400 ... ... Turks' Islands ... 169 ... t«i Gibraltar ... ... ... 2 ... ... Malta 119 ... ... Cyprus 4,003 ... ... Bermuda .,. 19 ... ... St. Helena 47 ... ... Gold Coast and Lagos ... 19,853 ... ... Sierra Leone and Gambia 537 ... ... Falkland Islands 6,500 ... ... Labuan 80 ... ... Hong Kong 82 ... ... Fiji 7,741 ... • Straits Settlements 1,472 ... ... Ceylon 25,365 177 ... Bahamas 6,390 ... ... 7,109,152 19,117 93,602 26 APPENDIX H. Shipping and S'lippinir Interests of tlift Hritmh Coloriios, 1881. Canada Nowfoundland New South Wales Victoria ... ... South Australia West Australia Tasmania New Zealand ... Queensland Cape of Good Hope Natal Mauritius Jamaica Windward Islands Leeward Islands Trinidad British Guiana... British Honduras Turks' Islands Gibraltar Malta Cyprus Bermuda St. Helena Gold Coast and Lagos ... Sierra Leone and Gambia Falkland Islands Labuan Hcng Kong ... Fiji Straits Settlements Ceylon Bahamas ... TonnnKO HIili'iiiiiK IllWllI'dH. ToiiniiK" OiHwnnli, 'IVinnnKn 8hl|i|iliiK Kdjfi'-ti'rcil • ■. 3,980,500 8,080,500 1,253,747 ... 374,529 .162,195 ... ... 2.281.617 2,370,4U 22.334 ... l,.'jli9.1(;2 1,582,425 6,215 ... »()9,8.35 926,197 0,172 227,881 215,005 ... ... 3()4,67'1 309,62 1. 18,284 629,188 534.242 8,055 572,121 579,988 23.248 2,661,006 2,071,111 3.014 210,181 212,004 1,221 274.702 275,869 ... 494,058 475,491 ••• ... 1,024.622 1.030,945 40 ... 198,933 198.079 ... 631,770 517,189 6 ... 340,895 351,343 32 ... 118,418 123,209 • •• 129,037 127,325 ... 4,610,629 4,009,280 ... ... 4,617,498 4,618.819 ... ... 187,989 186,820 ... 122,021 119,493 ... ... 116,175 12,390 ... 626,871 040,808 ... ... 260,388 272,728 • •• ' 33,086 31,421 ... 23,959 23,959 ... ... 5,301,067 5,264,807 ... ... 63,246 64,731 ... 3,634,174 3,676,493 4.527 ... 1,758,445 1,752,121 ... ... 109,il2 112,710 ... 38,105,192 38,031,034 ! 1,32^,494 27 APPENDIX I. Military Stn'n;rth of CoIonioH, lHH3-8t. jTfinn»(((i |Hlil()|,lii)f I'. 253,747 6,215 «,173 18.284 8,065 23,248 3,014 1,221 40 6 82 COLONY. PoimlHtlon. MllltiitHtrcngtIi. Milllla Knrolnieiit. <'iinaila ... ... ... , ... 4,;i24,8i'> 640,(K>2 37,033 NMwfoundliinil 1 197,332 24,0<;(} ... New South VViiI.'H 921,2(58 1 115,158 2,540 Victoria 8t!2,34(i 107,918 2,471 South Australia 312,781 39,09,f)|3 38.739 1,200 Capo of Good Ifopa 1 ,027,108 128,390 4,022 Niital 424,495 53,001 1,008 Alauritius 301,094 4.-., 130 ... Jamaica 580,804 72.000 ... Windward Islands 316,486 39,500 107 Leeward Islands 119,546 14,943 142 Trinidad 153,128 17,891 British Guiana ... _ ... 252,180 31,523 538 British Honduras 27.000 3,375 ... Turks' Islands ... '"'..f 4,732 691 ... Gibraltar 18,000 2,250 ... Malta 167,000 19,025 ... Cyprus ISf.OOO 23,250 ... Bermuda 15,000 1,875 ... St. Helena 5,000 625 ... Gold Coast and Lagos 726,000 90,750 ... Sien-a Leone and Gambia 75,000 9,376 ... Falkland Islands 1,550 193 ... Labuan 6,000 750 ... Hong Kong 160,tC'2 20,050 ... Fiji 129,^00 16,126 , '" Straits Settlements 423,068 52,883 45 Ceylon 2,763,984 345,498 1,909 Bahamas 44,000 5,500 ... 15,632,896 1,952,989 60,433 N • APPENDIX J. Kdiiciifionul imd (,'riminiil ShitiHticH, 1K8J. COLON V. i'liliiilnllon. 4,321,810 1 1 Hl-||IMll Cliliuran. W,H 103 C'rlinltml«. CanailM • 1,0(17 Nflwfoundldnd 107,332 2(1,313 Mli New South Waloa 02t,2f!8 l''9.«82 2,4 4 Victoria H(i2,:iW 222,"64 ... South Auitraliii 3ia,"8l 66,282 •412 Wuflt Australia 32.018 3,062 Toamania 130.641 l'',8i 4 •ZIO New Zealand 6fi4,:J0t 114,770 ... Queensland 300,913 60,701 •407 Cape of Good Hope 1,027,168 62,763 2.809 Natal 424.496 8.067 800 Mauritius 3fi 1.094 1 1 .887 7.270 Jamaica 6»'0,8C4 69,464 3.366 Windward Islands ... 31fi.498 27,296 6.667 Leeward Islands 119.1548 13,374 1.891 Trinidad 153,12'J 7.*^61 4.260 British Ouiana 262, 1S6 ... 4.945 British Honduras 27.000 2,240 1,739 Turks' Islands 4.732 728 38 Gibraltar 18,000 3.319 1,044 Malta 167.000 12.730 12.416 Cyprus ISB.OOO 6,705 1,786 Bermuda 15.000 1,197 161 St. Helena 6.000 808 214 Gold Coast and Lagos 726.000 0,707 3,351 Sierra Leono and Gambia 76.000 9.204 1,316 Falkland Islands 1.660 150 79 Labuan 6,000 699 88 Hong Kong 160,402 6.674 3,486 Fiji 129,000 8'«,046 2,935 Straits Settlements 428,068 9.418 8.384 Ceylon 2,763.984 102.062 2»,753 Bahamas 44,000 4,452 1,690 15.632.896 2,083,902 103,464 * These represent numbers of prisoners in Penitentiary at oloae of year. •l.o«7 2.1 1 •210