^. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) V 1.0 I.I I^IM |25 |jg ^^" ■■■ ^ lii 12.2 1^ »£ 12.0 L25 Hu n 11.6 Hiotographic Sdmoes Carporation 39 VMSr Nm^ irRHT .V1I^57R,H.Y. 148t0 (>lfcjl73-4S09 ^^^ ^ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICIVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian da microreproductions historiquas Technical and Bibliographic Notas/Notas tachniquas at bibliographiquaa Tha Inatituta haa attamptad to obtain tha baat original copy availabia for filming. Faaturaa of thia copy which may ba bibliographically uniqua, which may altar any of tha imagaa in tha raproduction, or which may aignificantiy changa tha uauai mathod of filming, ara chackad balow. 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Thia item ia filmed at tha reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document eat fiimt au taux da rMuction indiqui ei-deaaoua. Tl P' 01 fl O b( tr ai 01 fii ai 01 Tl at Tl w M di ar m 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X 1 . J ' 12X 16X • aox V • 24X 2IX 32X Th« copy film«d horo hat bo«n roproducMi thanks to tha ganaroaity cf : Library off tha Public Archlvas of Canada L'axamplaira filmA fut raproduit grflca A la gAn^rosltA da: La bibliothdqua das Archivas publlquas du Canad. Tha imagas appaaring hora ara tha bast quality possibia considaring tha condition and laglbillty of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha filming contract spacifications. Original copias In printad papar cows ara filmad baginning with tha front covar and anding on tha last paga with a printad or llluatratad Impras- sion. or tha back covar whan appropriata. All othar original copiaa ara filmad baginning on tha first paga with a printad or llluatratad Impraa- sion. and anding on tha kist paga with a printad or llluatratad impraaalon. Tha last racordad frama on aach microficha shall contain tha symbol -^ (moaning "CON- TINUED"), or tha symbol V (moaning "END"), whlcha w 8 which has been since the union of the Provinces, that your house and that of Messrs. Glyn & Co. occupied precisely the same relative position towards the Government, and I therefore conceived that, at a time of temporary embarrass- ment, we were justified in making a similar application to both houses. Your letter has confirmed me in an opinion, formed very soon after my acceptance of office at the beginning of the present year, which is, that it is indispen- sably necessary that the Province of Canada should secure, without loss of time, the services of an eminent house in London, which should be its sole agent, and at whose office all its dividends should be payable. For such services the Province of Canada is able and willing to pay, and they must be secured without loss of time. Before asking from you any proposition on the subject, it is necessary that I should notice some remarks in your letter now before me. You state that the bonds of Canada are looked on " much in the same hght as the bonds of separate States of the United States of America;" that " the stock of the Federal Government of the United States is certainly more valued, and finds readily pur- chasers on both sides the Atlantic ;" and, after stating that "credit is only permanently maintained by the public knowledge of ample powers, and constant regularity in meeting all money engagements," you add, " the debt of a colony always labours under some disadvantage in this respect." I desire to ofi^er a few remarks on these passages in your letter. When your house negotiated a loan for Upper Canada some years ago at 5 per cent., that Province was in a position precisely analogous to one of the separate States of the Union: it had no means of collecting u revenue from Customs, the ports of entry being in Lower Canada ; and in the event of the works, for the construction 9 .« of which the loan was raised, proving unproductive, there were no means of paying the dividends unless by a resort to direct taxation, — a measure not easily resorted to, and which, at all events^, would have involved delay. The Pro- vince of Canada occupies a widely different position, — her means of paying the interest of her debt are most ample, and are quite irrespective of the revenue from the works. The interest on the public debt is about £170,000 sterling, while the revenue is more than double that amount ; the grants for educational and charitable institutions alone are nearly j880,000 currency per annum. Canada then has "ample powers'' of meeting her engagements; in fact, precisely the same powers as the Federal Government of the United States : both rai^e by duties on imports the revenues which they require ; and if Canada wanted more» there would be no difficulty in increasing the duties on imports generally, w^ich are now, say, 20 per cent, lower than the American average. But I admit that, besides power, there must be the will to pay the engagements of a Government. Has the Canadian Government or Legisla- ture evinced any reluctance to meet its engagements? "When your house was formerly under the necessity of advancing money to meet the dividends, and of selling our bonds at a discount to reimburse yourselves. Upper Canada was in the position I have already adverted to, and was unable to raise a revenue by Customs. One of the avowed objects of Lord Sydenham in recommending the Union was to enable the Province to meet its liabilities ; one of the first acts of the United Parliament was to double the duties on imports : since that time they have been further raised, and our proposed new tariff will ensure a still fur- ther increase of revenue. Here, then, is evidence of the will to meet our engagements : and to which I may TT 10 state, and I do so with pride and satisfaction, that, amid ail our political disputes, which have occasionally run high, as they sometimes do in England, the members of our Legislature, of all parties, have vied with one another in affirming the necessity of maintaining the public credit at all hazards. The power and the will to meet our engagements exist ; and, since the Union, you must admit that our " regu- larity in meeting all money engagements'' cannot be complained of. The unbounded credit of the British Government arises from the determination always evinced by Parliament to meet its engagements. The people of Canada are British subjects as well as the people of Eng- land : they have the same power and the same will to meet their engagements ; and if they are ever in difficulty, it arises from the fact, that British capitalists do not choose to place the same confidence in their honour that they do in that of the people of the United States, whose bonds are saleable without difficulty, although, after pe- rusing these remarks, I confidently anticipate that you will admit that our means of meeting engagements are equally good with theirs. The fact is, that our bonds are not recommended as an investment, while those of the United States are ; indeed, I have felt mortified to find that the price of Canada bonds is never quoted in the list of stocks, although those of each of the United States, as well as of all other foreign governments, are kept con- stantly before the pubUc. I must now state, very briefly, the cause of our present difficulties. Within the last three or four years, there has been a surplus of revenue over expenditure of £400,000, which, instead of being applied to the redemption of our debt, has been invested in new works, on the success of 41 11 which, as a source of immense revenue, we have every confidence: every effort and sacrifice must be made to complete these works. Since the creation of our Sinking Fund, we have saved from actual surplus of revenue half a million currency, or one-eighth of our whole debt. But until our great line of ship canals, unsurpassed probably by any works of the kind in the world, are quite com- pleted, we shall be hampered, unless we can go into the money-market, like other governments, and obtain loans. But in addition to the cause of embarrassment I have referred to, we have had this year a very deficient revenue, our imports being not more than two-thirds of the average. In England, deficiencies of revenue often occur, and would be just as embarrassing as ours are, but for the facility of raising money by an issue of Exchequer Bills. I have stated the cause of our embarrassments; and I trust I have shown you that, although not the slightest ground exists for uneasiness, although our revenue is most ample to provide for all our wants, and for the extinction of our debt at no distant period, we are suffering severely from that want of credit in England which you have de- scribed. Our want is now, and has been all along, an active agent of high standing, able to maintain our secu- rities in that credit to which they are entitled. A divided agency is not worth the attention of either your house or Messrs. Glyn's. Perhaps you would consider it equally unworthy if undivided ; but one thing is to my mind clear, and I shall repeat it: the Canadian Government must obtain the services of an eminent house in London, and for those services it is able and willing to pay. I must state, in conclusion, that as I do not believe any house would be so likely to advance our interests as yours, I should be glad to be favoured with your views on the Tip 12 ;;ii yy\ ■ubject as early as possible. I have no doubt that our mutual friend, Mr. Dunn, to whom I shall write by this mail, will be able to give you any further information you may require. With regard to Messrs. Glyn and Co., whose services to the Canadian Government it will always be ready to acknowledge, I need only say, that the opinion as to the expediency of having but one agent arises from no dissatisfaction with them, but from a conviction that a small account is not worth dividing, and that our interests will be promoted by such an arrangement as the one proposed. I have, &c., (Signed) F. HINCKS, Inspector-General. Messrs. Barinff, Brothers and Co., London, Since the date of the above letter, the Provincial Parliament has sanctioned two measures which I had the honour of submitting for its consideration— one "for the better management of the public debt, accounts, revenue, and property;" the other, "to amend the laws relative to duties on customs." By the former Act the Government is armed with increased power with regard to the management of the debt, and pro- vision is made for an efficient Sinking Fund, to which I have already referred. By the latter, increased duties are imposed strictly for revenue purposes, and amply sufficient to meet the interest on the debt, the civil list, and all other demands which the exigencies of the public service may require to be made. I have. 13 I trust, shown conclusively that Canada |)ossesses ample resources to enable her Government to make good all its engagements. I can affirm with confi- dence that the great mass of the Canadian people are thoroughly loyal to their Sovereign, and deeply imbued with the feeling that at all hazards faith must be kept with the public creditor. It is much to be regretted that an opinion prevails rather extensively among cer- tain classes of the people of England, that separation between the colonies and the mother country is likely to ensue at no distant period, and that the connexion is not profitable to either. Such views are, as I shall endeavour to prove, very erroneous ; but I affirm that even were a result which I should much deprecate, to ensue, the public creditor need be under no apprehen- sion. It cannot be doubted that one of the conditions attached to any acknowledgment of independence on the part of Great Britain, would be the recognition of the claims of the public creditors. No apprehension, then, ought to exist with regard to the effect of a revo- lution on the value of the securities. I maintain, how- ever, that such an event is as improbable in Canada as in any settled government in the world. The senti- ment which animates the public mind in Canada was well expressed in a late debate by the President of the Board of Trade, when that Right Hon. Gentleman said, that " He placed a high value on the connexion subsisting between this country and her Colonies ; but he did not believe it to be a mere connexion of interest in the narrow sense of that word, but one of honom*, 14 duty, and affection ; a connexion that neither party liad any right, on light and insufficient grounds, to dis- solve." But, setting aside all sentiments of loyalty to the Crown, attachment to the institutions handed down to us by our ancestors, pride, in forming a constituent portion of the greatest empire in the world, it seems to me clear that the connexion is mutually advantageous to both parties ; and if I should be able to establish this position satisfactorily, I may hope that these remarks will have a beneficial effect. I put entuely on one side all advantages to be derived from protec- tion. Without entering into any discussion of the subject, I shall content myself with stating my belief that the connexion can only be maintained on the principle of Free Trade. What then are the advan- tages which Canada will derive from the connexion ? I answer, the control of her own revenue. The con- sequence of annexation to the United States would be, that the entire customs and land revenue would be placed at the disposal of the Federal Government, and would be applied to the maintenance of the Array and Navy, and the diplomatic relations of the United States, while the Canadian people would be taxed directly for all local purposes. As I am treating the subject as a matter of pecuniary interest, I shall not dwell on the evils that would result from being connected with a country where slavery exists in all its horrors, and where it will in all probability continue to exist until the question is settled hy revolution. Many other arguments might be adduced to prove that annexa- 15 tion would be injurious to Canada, and I know of none in favour of such a measure. The Canadians enjoy all the advantages of self-government, with the additional one of being protected free of cost by the greatest nation in the world. Under the enlightened administration of the Noble Earl at the head of the Colonial department, which has been in no way more clearly exhibited than in his selection of Governors, the people of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick, have been loyal and contented, while Europe has been convulsed with revolutions. The advantages to the mother country from the connexion are equally obvious. It is an undisputed fact, that the commercial poUcy of the United States is hostile to EngUsh interests. Let the North American provinces be annexed, and all ingress by the St. Jiawrence be prevented, and the American protectionist party will be able to carry that policy into practical operation, which they can never do, so long as the Canadian frontier is in the posses- sion of a foreign power. It is the fashion to despise the Canadian trade because it is insignificant in com- parison with that of the United States ; but it is no- torious that in proportion to population the Canadians consume British manufactures to a much greater ex- tent than the people of the United States. Canada is rapidly increasing both in wealth and population, as will be seen by reference to Appendix C. The emigrants to the North American Provinces are con- smnerp, of British manufactures, and attached by mo- tives of various kinds to the mother country. Those J m fW IG who settle in the United States are, in every respect, aliens, and are treated as such. With -3gard to the expense of the Colonies I would say a few words. The entire civil expenditure, including the salary of the Governor, is borne by the Province. It may be doubted whether, if the Colonies were abandoned, England would reduce her military expenditure by the cost of a single regi uent ; if not, it can be of little importance where the troops are stationed. This sub- ject, however, I shall not attempt to discuss. Believ- ing, as I do, that the subsisting connexion between the North American Provinces and the mother coun- try is mutually advantageous, I cannot believe that it will be dissolved in order to save the expense of a few regiments of the line. It cannot be denied that the late riots were calculated to create some alarm among those interested in the Province. There has been great political excitement, which, I fear, has not yet entirely subsided. No unanimity, however, exists among the discontented parties. The addresseo of the British League have been hitherto characterised by expressions of loyalty ; and but for such expres- sions they would have had no influence. If there be in the ranks of the party which has lately committed excesses, which are very generally discountenanced and disavowed, any individuals who have as an ul- terior object in view, the severance of British con- nexion, an avowal of that object will ensure their com- plete discomfiture. The leaders of the Opposition have on all occasions 17 professed the most devoted loyalty to their Sovereign, and I should be sorry to attribute to them any senti- ments of an opposite character. There is no just cause, therefore, to apprehend that any serious demand for annexation will be made, and, if it were, it would be discountenanced by the great mass of the people. The object of this publication being solely to place the financial affairs of the Province in a proper light, and to correct, if possible, prevalent cxTors which have affected the public credit, I shall abstain from all political discussion. I believe that, in the greater part of the foregoing remarks, the majority of those who oppose the Administration of which I have the honour of being a member would concur. I have thought it better not to enter into detail on the subject of the pecuniary wants of the Canadian Government, as verbal explanations on that head will be much more satisfactory to all parties. It will not, I trust, be considered irrelevant to the subject of this pamphlet, if I add a few remarks on the position of the most important of the projected railroads in Canada, as well as on that between Quebec and Halifax, Nova Scotia. With regard to the feasibility of the latter work, and its importance in every point of view, I beg to refer those interested in the question to the able Report of Major Robinson, of the Royal Engineers, who conducted the Survey under instructions from Her Majesty's Government. I shall confine my remarks as much as possible to the financial question. The work referred to has always « !- c 18 been looked upon in the North American Provinces as a national one, which could only be satisfactorily undertaken by the Imperial Government, either di- rectly or through the instrumentality of a Company. I assume that a strong feeling prevails among the English public iii favour of a large and feasible scheme of colonization. If the assumption be correct, and that a good scheme can be presented, I should hope that Imperial assistance would not be withheld. Major Robinson states, in his Report, " Of the climate, soil and capabilities of New Brunswick, it is impossible to speak too highly:" again — "For any great plan of emigration or colonization there is not another British colony which presents such a favourable field for the trial as New Brunswick." I might multiply extracts of a similar purport. To colonize successfully, it is most desirable that there should be a market for labour at the place selected for the experiment. Such market would be afforded by the Quebec and Halifax Railroad. Canada and New Brunswick propose to give the land, to the extent of ten miles in depth, on each side of the line where it passes through the public domain, and also to obtain the right of way from the proprietors of private property. The three Provinces have likewise voted £20,000 sterling each, or ^80,000 sterling per annum, towards making good the interest on the expenditure. I have not met with a single person in England who is at all conversant with the subject, who does not admit that the three Provinces have done as much as can reasonably be 19 ir expected from them. The Imperial authorities have now to determine whether they will assist in such a great undertaking. It cannot be expected that the people of this coun- try should tax themselves to construct a work for the benefit of the Colonies, and this is the hght in which the Quebec and Halifax luiilroad is viewed by many. But if a large tract of land, which the railroad will very speedily render accessible from the sea at all seasons, and which is little over a fortnight's sail from the Irish coast, should be placed entirely at the dis- posal of Government, an extensive immigration would take place, and the land might be made liable for all the expense of settlement to one class of emigrants, or sold at remunerative prices to another. The people of England are, in my opinion, deeply interested in the construction of the Quebec and Halifax Railroad ; and it may therefore be hoped that ere long the sub- ject will engage a very large share of public attention. It will be observed that I have treated this ques- tion on the assumption that the railroad w^^' be un- productive as a mercantile speculation. I ought to add, that Major Robinson, who has evidently given the entire subject his best consideration, is of opinion, for reasons which he has stated at great length in his Report, that such will not be the case. There is suf- ficient doubt, however, to prevent the work being undertaken by any private Company, and the ques- tion remains for consideration, whether the importance of carrying into effect a good scheme of colonization c 2 < 91 If 20 in the only Province where abundance of fertile land is found in a situation accessible at verj' small cost, and at all seasons of the year, will induce the Impe- rial authorities to co-operate with Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick, in promoting the con- struction of this great national work. With regard to the Montreal and Portland, and the Great Western Railroads, I would simply observe that the Companies incorporated for the construction of these lines are entitled by an Act of last session to the guarantee of the Province for the interest at 6 per cent, on Debentures issued by them, to enable them to complete their roads. This guarantee, however, can- not be given until each Company shall have completed one half of its entire road. I may observe, that when these guarantees were given, the Legislature, in amend- ing the Customs' Act, gave authority to the Governor- General to add five per cent, to the Customs' duties whenever he should deem it necessary to do so. The guarantee, therefore, is not one of mere parchment, but the ways and means have been provided before- hand to enable the Government to fu ^Sl its obligations. It would be inconsistent with my present object to dwell at any length on the importance of the Portland and Great Western Railroads. I thought it proper to state what the Province had done in aid of the com- pletion of those works, conceiving that I could furpish no stronger proof of the estimation in which they are held. It is proper to add, that I am unconnected with any of the Canadian Railway Companies, and that I 21 have neither been authorised nor requested to say any- thing in their behalf. My object has been to put the English public in possession of the views of the Canadian Government and Legislature, which were embodied in a Bill which I have no doubt has become law, as by my last advices it had passed through both Houses of the Legislature with the greatest unanimity. 'it m 'if APPENDIX. ^k- ] ; ■ :■ 1 -■ i A. statement, exhibiting the Financial Position of the Province of Canada on the 31st January 1849. Currency. £,. 8. d. 1,825,000 1,239,023 7 8 645,721 9 9 87,295 125,298 13 1 207,874 16 8i 354,100 10 lOi 508,592 14 4 162,200 10 11 53,533 6 8 4,281,074 6 10 5,208,640 8 llf • The figures are referred to in the preceding pages. LIABILITIES. Sterling. £. s. d. Imperial Guaranteed KgQQQQQ q q Loan (1)* . • J Debentures, principaH and interest, payable ^1,018,375 7 7 in London (2) J Ditto payable in Ca- 1 530729 19 10 nada (3) . .J Ditto in small Deben- 1 n^ 749 g 4 tures (4) . . J ' Unfunded Debt (5) . 102,985 3 11 Balance at credit of the"^ Consolidated Keve- > 170,855 19 9 nue Pund (6) .J Redemption of Debt (7) 291,041 10 10 Special Punds managed "1 41 g 021 8 3 by the Province (8) . j ' Debentures issued by"j way of loan on seen- I 3 g^g ^^ ^ nty of specific taxes j • or mortgage (9) .J Sinking Fund (10) . 44,000 i ■ ml 1; ■'M 'M ll 24 ASSETS. Sterling. 9. cf. ie-1 ap- >3,703, 781 9 4 62,267 11 11 Public works as per de- tailed statement ap- pended, marked B. Debentures held on ac-"] count of special funds > 337,709 15 (11) J Cash in hand, and ba- lances due 1 vince (12) Liabilities to the Pro-^ vince for Debentiu*es I loooie ia a 1 J . > 133,315 10 4 loaned as per contra f ' (13) . J Investment by Bank of England in the Funds, on account of Sinking Fund, as per contra (14) d, and ba-"1 I to the Pro- > I • J 44,000 Currency. £. s. d. 4,506,267 9 0^ 410,880 4 2| 75,758 18 2^ 162,200 10 11 53,533 6 8 £4,2»1,074 6 10 £5,208,640 8 llf ;" 111 25 B. Detailed Statement of the Cost of Public Works forming tlie aggre- gate amount charged in Statement A. St. Lawrence Canals Welland Canal Chambly Canal Improvement of River Richelieu Lake St. Peter Burlington Bay Canal . Ottawa Works Harbours and Lighthouses Improvement of the Trent Roads and Bridges, Upper Canada Ditto Lower Canada Provincial Penitentiary Miscellaneous Works Losses by Public Works and otherwise } &. a. d. (1) 1,442,314 1 8 . 1,394,022 8 8 (2) 86,409 7 10 (8) 74,500 48,376 13 7 (4) 81,979 19 6 (6) 266,504 17 10 (6) 135,445 2 10 (7) 530,384 4 4 (7) 268,326 11 11 (8) 34.207 15 I 31,507 11 2 (10) 112,288 14 7 Halifax Currency £4,606,267 9 SterUng at 24a. 4rf. £3.703.711 9 4 (1) These Canals are the Lachine, Beauharnois, Cornwall, and three smaller ones. The works have been constructed in the most substantial manner, and are unequalled on the American con- tinent. (2) The Chambly Canal connects the St. Lawrence and Richelieu with Lake Champlain. Business is increasing rapidly through it ; but it is not of sufficient magnitude, and at present it would be imprudent for the Province to undertake the enlargement or con- struction of another on the scale of the St. Lawrence canal. 26 (3) This money has been expended in making a new channel through Lake St. Peter. There has been great difference of opi- nion as to the propriety of deepening the old channel or forming a new one, and the works are at present suspended. (4) The slides on the Ottawa have been of inmiense advantage to the lumber trade, and yield a fair return for the capital in- vested. (5) Tolls are charged on all the Government Harbours suffi- cient to meet the interest of the expenditure. Such works are of the utmost importance, affording, as they do, facilities for the export of the produce of the country. They are principally on the shores of Lakes Erie and Ontario. (6) The improvements on the Trent are principally slides to faci- litate the operations of the lumberers in the county of Peterboro*. (7) These are macadamised or plank roads on which tolls are exacted, and toll bridges. They have been of the greatest advan- tage to the people ; and though at first tolls were strongly objected to, the people now pay them most cheerfidly, and are anxious for the continuation of such works. The want of capital has wholly put a stop to them. (8) This amount is very far short of the actual cost of the Peni- tentiary, the remainder having been defrayed out of the current revenue. (10) This account is charged with various kinds of losses, and is in fact analogous to the profit and loss account of a merchant. It includes the amount lost by the failure of a house in London some years ago, and losses by exchange and otherwise. For statement of Bevenue from the Public Works, see Appen- dix D. i 1 27 c. Extracts from the "Appendix to First Beport of the Board of Regis- tration and Statistics in Canada. Members of the Board: — Hon. F. Hincks, Inspector-General ; Hon. L. M. Viger, Receiver- General; Hon. James Leslie, Secretary of the Province. W. C. Grofton, Esq., Secretary." POPULATIOX OF LOWER CANADA. 1825 . . 423,630 1827 . . 471,876 1881 . , 511,920 1844 . . 690,782 1848 estimate . 766,000 • POPULATION OP UPPEE CANADA. 1824 . . . 151,097 1832 . . 261.060 1884 . . 320,693 1836 . . 372,502 1842 . . 486,055 1848 . 723,392 80 per cent, of the whole population derive their subsistence directly from agriculture. AGKES OF CULTIVATED LAND IN UPPER CANADA. 1826 . . 535,212 f 'f I 1830 1835 1840 1845 1848 775,014 1.208,608 1,710,000 2,311.238 2,673,820 i 28 HOUSES OF ALL KINDS. 1825 8,876 1830 12,082 1835 18,488 1840 25,857 1845 37,214 1848 42,937 GRIST MILLS. 1825 71 1830 273 1835 352 1840 420 1845 478 1847 492 1848 527, SAW MILLS. 1825 394 1830 555 1835 753 1840 963 1845 1,272 1847 1,489 CARBIAOES KEPT FOR PLEASURE. 1825 587 1830 986 1835 1,495 1840 1,863 1845 3,800 1847 4,685 29 MERCHANTS SHOPS. 1825 456 1830 748 1835 982 1840 1,123 1845 1,636 1848 1,945 VALUE OF '.odESSED PROPERTY ACCORDING TO ASSESSMENT LAWS. 1825 . , £2,256,874 1830 1835 1840 1845 1848 2,929,269 3,880,994 5,607,426 7,778,917 8,567,001 \r LOCAL DIRECT TAX«<:s. 1825 J10,235 1830 13,335 1835 22,464 1840 37,465 1846 76,291 1848 86,058 PUBLIC BUILDINGS, UPPER CANADA. Tovm Halls . . 68 Churches . , 895 Colleges and High Schools . 89 Commou Schools . . 2,464 80 PRODUCE Bushels of Wheat 1842 8,221,991 1848 7,558,773 Oats 1849 4,788,167 1848 7,055,730 Rye 18-J.9. 292,970 1848 446,293 Peas 1842 1,193,551 1848 1,753.846 Maize 1842 691,359 1S48 1,137,555 Barley 1843 1,031,35E 1848 615,727 Potatoes . 1842 8,080,397 1848 4,751,331 lbs. Wool 1842 1,302,51C 1849 2,339,756 Head. !Neat Cattle 1842 504,963 1848 565,845 Horses 1842 113,657 1848 151,389 Sheep 184? 575,730 1848 833,807 Hogs 1842 394,366 1848 484,241 NO COMPAEATIVE RETURNS OP THE FOLLOWING. 1848. Flax Butter Cheese lbs. 41,590 3,380,406 668,337 Owing to causes which I need not explain, the last census was not taken for Lower Canada. The statistics given, therefore, are for Upper Canada aloiuc. Tl 31 D. statement, exhibiting the Revenue from Public Works in successive years. &. 8. d. 1842 24,232 13 9 1843 34,604 13 3i 1844 44,259 14 8i 1845 41,039 9 9i 1846 61,486 14 11 1847 83,335 15 s; 1 H f A Eiken nada 32 s E. Estimated Revenue and Expenditure of Canada for the current year 1849. 4 7(1 1' 1 '" t 1 , il'il liiii ^1 ■ ij UEVENUE. £. Customs . 450,000 Public Works . 50,000 Excise . 30,000 Territorial 20,000 Other sources . 24,640 a. d. £574,640 EXPENDITURE • £, «. d. Interest on debt . 200,000 Sinking Fund , , . 75,000 Civil List . 73,884 Other charges, (including Educational Grants, • about £70,000 ; Agriculture £10,000 ; Charita- ble Institutions £15,000) . 216,510 2 9 £565,403 2 9 Abridged from the detailed Estimate submitted to Parliament. ¥. HINCKS, Inspector-General. Richuil Kiudfer, Printer, Orvau Arboar Court, Uld ilaliejr. d. 9 9 m