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The scientific reader will notice that some of these are very important additions, and will feel •rrateful to the gentlemen who have detected and made them known. It is very desirable that these who di.scover new or lure species, should report them in sonie way by \n hich the knowledge of fTie di.scovery might reach those who are engaged ir. jcientitic enquiries respecting the natural produc- tions of the country. 2. Plants which were mentioned in the previous Jjiat as having been found in a single locality, but which have since been foumi elsewhere. Future researches will no doubt reveal the fact that manj- of these are generally diffused throughout the Province. 3. The writer noted the date at which the early Spring flowers made their first appearance in the neighborhood where he formerly lived. As records of this kind furnish valuable information respecting the climate and varying character of the Seasons, a number of these notes are here repro- . Rostrgoiiche. (Mr. (!}ialiiuMs.) 0. lle|>atica triloba, (-haix. AiKJiuone Hfpntica, L Received sju'ciiutiis in flower, May 10, 187!>, from Mr, JaiiniH Vvooiu, St. StP[)l)»'M. A1m> front Mr. John Mo.ser, Kt^swick lli. Flowtned at Ba.s>v Kivor, Kent Co., Jinu- i^ 1867. 19. Cftltlta j»vliistns, L Flowei-ed at Riisn River, June I, tS07; Jnnt- 2^ 18(5!!; May 30, 1870. iO. (/'(>|)tiH ti-ifolia, Salisb. Howered at Bans- R-iver, May 24, 1807 ; May 27, 18(58; May 2(j, 18(;<>; May 28, 1870. 22. .Actiea npicata, L, var. rubra, Michx. I'IowcmjmI at Ha.s.s River, June 4^ 18(>7; May '2% 18(58; June 2, 180U 24« Brasonia peltata, Prush. Water Shield. Slow jitreaius and ponds. h\ stagnant water near reisidence of Walter 8. Butler. M. P. P., Ciraui! Lake. This plant is said to be a "native of Puget Sound, Japan,. Australia, and Kastern ln«lia." Gray. 2.), Nyn>pha?a odorata. Ait. Clrand Lake, (Queen's t V>. 2(5, Nuphar advena, Ait. Abundant in lakes near Can>pbeIlton. (,'hahucrs. 28. Sarraccnia pur|mrea, L. Flo\von>d at Fre3a Viola canina, L, var. sylvestris, Regel. Collecte7 ; May 20, 18(58 ; May 16, 1869 ; May 16, 1870. 5.5. V. cucullata, Ait. Fl. at Bass River, May 27,1867; May 2.5, 1868 ; May 26, 1869 ; May 29, 1870. V. Selkirkii, Pursh. Specimens from Mr. .T. K. Wetmore, collected at Clifton on the Kennebecasis, May 8, 1879. V. primuUefolia, L. Specimens from Mr. Vroom, collected at Saint Andrews, 1878. Lechea minor, should probabl}- bo L, thymifolia, Pni-sh. On Goat Island. Grand Jjake. Silene inflata. Smith. Found at Ednunidton by Q. U. Hay. Resti- gouche, Chalmers. Cerastium viscosum, L. Fl. at Bass River, May 26, 1869. Sagina nodosa, Fenz. Collected at Pea Point, Charlotte C^o., Iw Mr. Hay, 1879. 84. Spergularia rubra, Presl. (^ampbellton. Chalmers. jjji^Mjsms^aMammiim ISTO] I'iECR/'rrARY FOR AGRlCVLTVRE. 111. 87" Molhi'i'o voiiWillafH, L. Carpet-weefl. On snndy slioif subject h) inim. 88(1 Portulaca olomcf*,, L Ooninion Pur,slaiK>. Gaixhtis and near thvollings. Frearia, Miclix. On shoi^e of Omiid Lake. 108 Acer Pennsvlvanicuni, li. Fl. at Bass River, June o, 18U7; June 2, 1870. 1 10 A, sacchariiitun, Wang, W at liass Rivei-, June I, 181)7. 111 A. dasycari.iini, Elnliavt. Seveial fine trees ms\ foMner St. John, Mr. Hay, 1879. 120 Hedvsaruni boreale, Nntt. Collecteii by the writer on 'heNeiu.si'quit River, July 30, 1873. 134^' Vicia tetras]»criiia, L. Abundant along the Railway tmck near St. John. Overlooked in tormer list. 1'34^ V. Americana, Muhl. Belledune, Rewtigouche. Chahnris. 1.39 Prunus Pennsvlvanica, L. Flowere. 176 R. prostratuin, L'Her. Fl. at Bass River, June I, 18()7 ; May 25, '(>(>. 17s R. rubnini, L. Fl. at Bass River, June I, 18(50. 180 Paniassia ('aroliuiana, Mich.K. Flatlands, Resti<^«)«iclie. ( 'halniers. 181 SaxifVaga Aizoon, Jac<|, Collecteleniunj Ainerieanurn, Schwein. Found in flower at Bass River, May 25, 18G7 ; May 1, 1869. 1110 (/IK.'UHHITAC'K.'K- Gourd Family. Ecliinocystis lohata. Ton* .k, Gr. VV^ild Balsam-apple. Intervales and Islands at the mouth of the Keswick. Specin)ens from Mr. Moser. 201 ■ Sanieula Marilandica, L. Campljellton. Chalmeis. 217 Alalia hispida, Michx. Abundant in northern Counties. 211) Aralia trifolia, Gray. Found in flower at Hudson's Brook, Kent < 'o., June 17, 1869. 220 Lonieera ciliata, Muhl. Fl. at Bass River, May 18, 1,S(>7; May 23, 1868; May 7, 1870. 227rt' L. involucrata, Banks. Sent from (Jampbollton by Mr. f'halmers. 234 Vibumum lantanoides. Michx. Fl. at Bass River, May 28,1867; May 26, 1869; May 28, t870. 245 Nardosmia palmata Hook. Fl. at Bass River, May 24,18(57; Mav 27, 1868 ; May 29, 1869. 259 Engeron acre, L. Found at Gr. Falls, St. Jolni R, by Mr. G. U. Hay, 264 Solidago s(|uarrosa, Muhl. Restigouche. (.'lialmers. 266 S. latifolia, L. Fredericton. 269 S. thyrsoidea, E. Meyer. Campbellton. Chalmers. 276 Inula Heleniun», L. Roadside at Newcastle, Grand Lake. 282 Bidens cernua, L. At Belledune, Restij^ouche, it grows to the height of ^ feet. 286 Achillea Ptarmica, L. Campbellton. ChalmeiN. 289 Tanacetum Huronense, Nutt. All along the St. -lohn River above Fredericton. Along the Restigouche above ("amjibellton. 289a Ai-temisia caudata, Michx. Goat Island, (ii-and Lake, (i rowing on the sandy shore. 293 (inaphalium decurrens, Ives. Abundant along Gr. Lake & Salmon R. 303 Senecio aureus, L. Restigouche. Chalmers, 312 Lappa ofticinalis, Allioni,var. tomcntosa, Gray, (-ollected at Morrison's Mill, Fredericton, by J. Vroom, 1879. 319 Nabalus racemosus, Hook. Campbellton. Clialmers. 320 Taraxacum Dens-Ieonis, Desf Fl. at Bass River, May 26, 18(57 ; May 23, 1868 ; May 25, 1870. 330(r ( 'ampanula aparinoides, Pursh, Collected at Dennis Stream near St, Stephen, by Mr. J. Vroom, 1878. 335a Vaccinium ciespitosum, Michx. A dwarf (3 — 5 inches high), blueberr}' with smooth, shining, obovatc, serrate leaves. Found by Mr. Hay on Lake Temiscouta, July 1879. 336 V. Pennsylvanieum, Lam. Fl. at Bass River, June 6, 1869. 339 Epiga^a repen.s, L. Mayflower, " I never found it N. of Bathuvst." Chalmers. iiiiii 1879] HE( 'H/JTA n Y FOR A aRKJVLTURK V. 3+0 " I ncv«n' fotjnd it N. of 344 345 347 ¥\. at Bass Eduuiiulton Oaiiltlieiia procumbens. L. \Viiit«Mgrscn Bathurst." C'lmliners. ('a.s.sandva calyculata, Don. Fl. at Bass River, May IS, liS()7. Andromeda polifolia, L. Fl. at BasH River, June 4, 18U7. Kalinia angn.stif'olia, L. Fl. at Frederieton Junction, July I, 1870. K. glauca. Ait. Fl. near BasH River, June 6, 18(iJ). lUiodora Canadensis, L. -=^ Rhododendron Rliodora,J)on. River, June 4, 18(57 ; June 4, 1809. Pvrola rotundifblia, L., var. incarnata. Gray. Found at *by Mr. Hay, 1879. 352a Monotropa Hypoj)ity,s, L. Pine-saj). False Beech-drops. A low (4 — 12 inch hign) tawny, downy or pubescent plant growin«j in the shade of pine trees. St. Andrews, 1878. Mr. Vrooni. 355(f I'lantago lanceolata, L. Ribgrass. Ripjjlegrass. Engli.sh Plantain, A ]ierennial, somewhat hairy, slender plant with a grooved stem and long lanceolate or lance-oblong leaves, growing in dry fields. Saint John. Overlooked in former list. Anagallis arvensis, L. (Common Pimpernel. A low spreading plant with opposite sessile ovate leaves and solitary flowers of various colors (.scarlet, white, V)lne, puiple), in the axils. It is said to be very sensitive to atmospheric changes and to close (juickly at the approach of I'ain, whence it has I'eceived the common name of " Poor St. Andrews. Mr. Vroom. orticinalis, L. Found near Frederieton. (.'ampbellton. Clialmers. V. serpyllifolia, L. Fl. at Ba.s8 River, May 2(5. 1869 303f( 377 mans Weather-glass. V eronica 378 380 V^ Agrestis, L. Collected at St. Andrews by Mr. Vroom. ( 'oUected in 3xh. Fucus nodosus, L. Abundant on rocky shores. F. vesiculosus, L. Abundant on rocky shores. F. serratus, L. This plant is found on the rocks in Pictou Harbour, but has not yet been reported in this Province. These three species of Seaweeds are collected in large quantities on the coast of Britain and on the Continent, for the preparation of manures. They are in good deinand, and are excellent fertilizers. The Island of '1 hanet it said to owe its fertility to the extensive employment of them for enriching the soil. The cattle of Scotland and Norway browse upon them at low water, and in seasons when fodder is scarce they are collected for winter use. pictyosiphon fueniculaceus, Grev. Kouchibouguac Bay. Desmarestia aculeata. Lam. Kouchibouguac Bay. Chorda filum, Stack. Common on the sea coast. Laminaria saccharina, Lamour. Common around the coast. Polysophonia violaeea, Grenv. Kouchibouguac Bay. Odenchalia dentata, Ag, Kouchibouguac Bay. Corallina officinalis, L. Common on shells thrown ashore by the waves. Gracillaria multipartita, Ag. Kouchibouguac Bay. Khodymenia palmata, Grev. Dulse. Very abundant round the coast, and collected in Saint John Harbour for market. It is one of the best of the esculent seaweeds, and is perhaps most agreeable as it comes from the sea. 2 A RKPOfiT OF THE [I87?< When cooked it yiel(.l3 a peculiar flavor of Iotlir>e. A purple dye has beotv prepared f'om it, according? to Berkeley. Ahnfeltia plicata, Fries. Abuiulaivt on seashore. Chondrus crispus, L, Irish n^oss. Carrageen. This plant is extensively used in Europe for the preparation of blanc-mange, and in F^nglartd for feeding pigs, in the form- of a jeUy mixed up with meal and othor ingre- dients. It was at one time strongly rec;>inin;inded in medicine as a nutritive an>d restorative articiu o( food. Khodom(.'la gracilis. Kouohihouguac Bay. (>eramium ruhrum, Ag. Kouchibcnguac Bay. IJlva latissima, Ag. Ricbibucto River. Knteiomorpha intestinalis, Jnk. Richibucto kiver, Hatrachospermum moniliforme, Roth. Lake Kl-iie, near Richibucto. I>emanea fiu/iatilis, Ag. On graiyite rocks, Nepisiguit River. Advantag'es resulting" from a knowledge of t!ie Flora o*" our Province. The time seems to have come when it is necessary for us, as a people, to olrtaln a fuller knowledge of the natural resources of our Province than we at present possess, if we are to share in ihe general advancement in material prosperity thnt distinguishes the present century. \^& cannot compete with Hon>e of the other Provinces in several of the elements that lie at the basis of national greatness. Our soil, though rich in many districts in all the elements of agricultural wealth, lacks that inexhaustible fertility vvhich bids fair to make the " Far West" the garden of the Dominion. Our climate is healthy and nourishes a vigorous race, but possf^ses few attractions for those who have been born beneath sunnier skies. Our hills are not filled with the min- eral wealth that attracts the enterprising spirits of other lands. But yet we possess a goodly domain — one which Mature has enriched with precious gifts which intelligent industry can readily convert into elements of national wealth. Our coast is indented wiih numerous bays abounding in the treasures of the sea, — the surface of our Province is diversified by hill and valley and broad plain covered with a luxuriant vegetation, and from its rocks may be drawn an inexhaustible suppW of materials valuable for building and ornamental purposes. But we must depend upon our brains to extract from them the wealth they contain. Our future progress depends upon our know- ledge of our resourc(!s ami natural products. Material advancement can only be secured by conquest over the wild realm of Nature. In the present age, ** the natural wealth and the growing prosj>erity of nations are principally based upon a mere enlightened employment of the products and forces of nature. The most 8upe:-6cial glance at the present condition of Europe shows that a diminution, or oven a total annihilation of national prosperity, must be the award of those States who shrink with slothful indifference from the great struggle of rival nations in the career of the industrial arts. » ♦ ♦ Those States which take no part in the general industrial move:rjent, in the choice and preparation of natural substances, or in the application of mechanics and chemistry, and among whom this activity is not appreciated by all classes i87D] SECIihrARY FOR AGllICULTURK XI* nfis of society, will infalliltly sec thnr prospority diminish in proportion as neigh- i)oring couniries becoine strengthened and invigorated under the general influ- ences of arts and sciences." In order to maintain their position and secure their national existence?, other countries have found it necessary to explore the whole extent of their territory ;u>d ascertain their natural resources. Several States of the neighboring Union have employed their best men to examine their soil and its produc- tions, and their Ke|>orts are not only precious contiibutions to science, but among the niott vakiabic treasures of the country, furnishing the practical man with the information he requires. The advantayt-s resulting from thew surveys have been so gieat " that the cost has been forgotten, the expenditure never regretted. New Y(»vj<, Virginia, Massachusetts and other States hav« expended thousands in this way and realized millions." The Hoard of Agri- culture of the State of Maine, when tirging upon the government the necessity for a survey, expiessed their conviction " that such a survey, ably conducted and faithfully reported, vvuu'd greatly temi to develop and improve its agri- ult ur'' ; increase its mechanical and manufacturing interests, and assist in supplying cur educational wants ; and that it would moreover attract population, capital and enterprise from abroad." 'J he labors of the Geological Survey have made Icnown to us the general geological structure of the Pixjvince, and partly explored our mineral stores. 'I'he annual " Reports of Progress" are gradually furnishing us with valuable in.'ormation which some skilful hand will probably soon collect a\id embody in a Popular Manual suited to the wants of our Educational institutions and of the general public. Very little has yet been doi.e to obtain a knowledge of our naii/e vege- tation. A few enthusiastic amateurs have explored the vegetable products of their neighborhood, but our vast forests and plains have not yet been looked upon by botanic eyes. No collection accessible to the public has ever yet been made, and the scientific stranger who visits our shores will enquire in vain for any Manual of our Flora, or any Institution possessing a scientifically arranged collection of the native plants of our Pjovince. SOIL. A knowledge of the vegetable products native to our soil, and of the intro- duced weeds ihat infest our fields and cultivated lands, would be productive of much benefit to the agricuU'iral interests of our country. As plants are the children of the Sun ai;d the Soil, they impart important information re- speit-ng the climate and the chemical constitution of the soil to which they owe their birth. A granite region nourishis a very different flora from that which flourishes on a limestone soil. A botanic eye readily detects the difference be- tween the vegetation that covers the carboniferous districts and that produced by soil resulting fron the disintegration of Laurentiau or Huronian rocks. The similarity of vegetable forms along the banks of the upper »Saint John and of the Kestigouche, must strike every observant eye. The same species of plant clings to the iofty cliffs of C ipe Bon-Ami near Dalhousie, and the projecting rocks that overhang the deep ravine below the Grand Falls of the Saint John. .4i.-,^vUjUl XII. REVURT Olf TH/'J [1870 Our lofty eliiiH and lowly woofl nettles (Lapoitea (Janadonsis), only Hn«l a congenial home on deep, rich, alluvial soil, \vhili» other plants such as Sweet Fern (( .Vnnptonia aHplf'nifoHa) abound in dry, gravelly disti-icts. A forest of Beech reveals a very ditierent soil from a forest of Alaple or Hemlock, and among th(^ smaller herbaceous forms the difference is eo\eu in the torrid zone, and bec(jmes gradually less dense and beautiful as it apj)i-oa(;hes the polai- regions. The vegetable organisms of which it is coin|>osed attain their most robust develoj)ment under a cloudless sky, where the sun reaches his greatest elevation; while neai the frigid zones, (miy the hund>lest forms, whose constitution iits them for resisting the low temp(Mature of the ai'(;tic night, form a scanty covering for the frozen soil. The fidness of organic life varies ace )rding to the difi'er- ence of climate. But while abilities of valleys and hillsides, are rapidly passing away. Hut in addition to these, we have much valuable material for cabinet and ornamental puqioses in our «i;roves of maple, birch and otlior hard fine-grained woods. A report upon the different species to be fomid, their character or (pialities, their localities and the approximate quantity of each, would douV^tlcss funiish useful information to those interested in seveial branches of manufacturing in- dustry. We are not aware that any detailed information on these points is at jnesent available. ORNAMENTAL PLANTS. During the last few years several Florists and Horticulturists in the United States have devoted much attention to the collecting and cultiva- ting of native ])lants for ornamental p»n-]ioses. A large nun.ber of s])ecie» have l>een brought in from their favorite homes in the forests and on the piairies, and now adorn many gardens and pleasure grounds, adding fresh l»eauty to the landscape, .ind delighting the eye that has been traineractice. SCIENTIFin RESULTS. In addition to the mateiial advantages already mentioned, there arc several scientific questi(ms of imjtortanco uj)on which a knowledge of our aboriginal and natmalized vegetable forms M'ould throw some rays of light, thus enabling the |iiiilosoi)hic student of Nature to obtain clearer views of the phenomena of organic existences. Few sulyects of thought awakoi deeper feelings in the con temj dative mind than those excited by the mental imaarticular speciijs or genus '. Why are individual specific forms confined to certain zones of temi)eiature ;' Upon what atmosjiheri; and geologic causes does the vegetable physiognomy of a country dejiend I The solutions of these questions must be sought from a fuller investigation of facts ami jthenomena connected with the forces of vegetable organization, than have yet been accorded to then*. Earnest students are pondering these })roblems and collecting materials for their sohition. But the limits of species must be a.scertaineil with com[)arative accuracy; especially must their j)olar range be determined in order to discover the isothermal lines that bound th«'ir migrations. The Scientilic Survey of the State of Maine a few years ago revealed the remarkable fact that the Aroostook was distinguishetl by a peculiar flora having a strong southern aspect, and .showing that the soil and climate were such as to fit it for the production of plants that were only known in more southern latitudes. The Botanic student will notice in the " List of N. B. Plants" several species at whose presence in our latitude he will feel a measure of surprise. And when the whole region between the boini(fary of the State of Maine and the St. Lawrence, which is at present almost unknown to Botanic Science, shall have l>een subjected to examination, many new facts will doubtless be discovered largely modifying the opinions at jtre.sent entertained respecting the northern range of certain species, as well as ])laeing the character of our climate and soil in a more favorable light. Another question of scientific importance to the emiuiring mind is : — What are the numerical relations of species and genera, and the laws of their geographical distribution^ Do the families and genera of plants which predominate over the Phenogamia in the torrid zone retain the same ninnerical proportions unchanged as we appioach the poles ? Hy a careful d XVI. REPORT OF THE [1H7I) enumeration of the species known at the bejjfinniiitj of the present century. Huinlx)lt discovered that the beautiful fauiily of the Leguiuinosae diminished in proportion as it receded from the equiruxitial zone to the north pole. The number of Legumiuosae within tl torrid zone (from 0' to 10' of latitude) was to the sum of ell flowering plants, as one to ten. For the part of the tempei-ate zone lying between 4.>°and o2'he found the proportion to be one to eighteen, and for the friijid zone l>etween 07' and 70" only one to thirty- five. He also calculated the proportions of all the great families for different zones, basing his conclusions upon the recorded ob.servations of botanical travellers; but the progress of discovery since his day lias accumulated additional data from which more accurate conclusions may be drawn. Reliable generalizations of this character are imj)ortant factoit* in scientifi*- discufisions : but to be reliable they must be based ujmn observed and well- authenticated facts. The researches of Botanists have made us acquainted with the sum total of all the i)lants of Western Europe, aiid furnished the data for the com- parison of the numbers of genera and species. The limits of their polar range have also been determined. But on this continent, ail this and much more remains to be done. No estimate of our flowering s|)ecies can yet Ix* made with any thing like accui-acy, while our Cryptogamia have never yet been examined except in very limited localities. In the Province or in the Dominion we do not know the numerical proportions of the principal divisions of vegetable forms, as for instance of agamic or cellular plants to flowering species, or of monocotyledons to dicotyledons. Have we the same number of species, or genera as exist in Europe under the same parallels of latitude, or between equal isothermal lines ? Is the number of Compositar, or Gramineae, or any o^ the predominant families the same on the two continents in equal areas ? Is the polar range of species or families the .same ? Canada, stretching across the whole continent from ocean to ocean, and from the middle of the temperate zone to the extreme limits of vegetation, furnishes a rich field for investigation. On its prairies and in its forests, science must investigate some of the profoundest problems respecting the distribution of vegetable life. A cai-eful survey alone can furnish the facts from which it may make its deductions, and as no one can predict the results of any scientific investigation, or foresee the advantages that may flow from a single discovery, or from the establishment of a .scientific principle, we need not give a loose rein to imagination and endeavor to j)enetrate the uncertainty of the future. [The greater part of this article appeared some years ago in the Daih) Tdegraph.]