..^a. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 11.25 " lii 12.2 ly m 1.4 mil 1.6 V] /^ ^;. W^W /A '/ Photographic Sciences Corporation 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. MSSO (716) 873-4503 4R> ,?%, ■ f I i r^ i*-l J r .-■i^f^nrfr.'.*' GUIDE TO LAKE GEORGE, LAKE CHAMPLAIN, fWontrcal antr €tueiitc, WITH MAPS, AND TABLES OF ROUTES AND DISTANCES FROM ALBANY, BURLINGTON, MONTREAL, &c. BY Z. TPIOMPSON, Author of History and Gazetteer of Vermont. BURLINGTON: CHAUNCEY GOODRICH. 1845. / 9 ^i< £ntorod according to act of Congress, in tho your 1845; by C 11 A IJ N C E Y GOODRICH, in CIcrk'i oflico of District Court, for tho District of Vermont. Routes from Albany and Troy to Montreal, THROUGH LAKE CHAMPLAIN. From Albany and Troy to Whitehall at the south end of Lake Champlain, tiiere are three principal routes. Sec Tables, "puge 41. 1st — By Canal, through Mechanicsville, Fort Edward and Fort Anne. Sec Champlain Canal, page 10. §d. — Through Lansingburgh, Easton, Granville &c. by Stage. 3d. — By way of Ballston and Saratoga Springs, by Rail- Road and Stage. Another route to Lake Champlain is by way of Saratoga Springs, Glens Falls and Lake George, to Ticonderoga. See Table p. 43. The passage between Whitehall and St. Johns, through Lake Champlain, is made by Steamboats, which touch at the places indicated on the map to land and receive passengers. See Table p. 42. From K . Johns the passage is by Rail-Road, 15 miles, to Laprairie, and thence by Steamboat, 9 miles, to Montreal. Z 5, by jrmont. ireah e south rincipal le, Fort ; Canalj ranvilld Springs, r way of George. . Johns, imboats, e map to 42. Road, 15 mboat, 9 LAKE GEORGE. Eighteen miles from Saratoga Springs, on tho way to Lake George are Glens Falls. These are a considerable curiosity. Tiie fall in tho Hudson is about fifty feet, which affords a vast amount of water power. The Glens Falls Feeder^ 11 miles long, connects the river above the falls with the Champlain Canal near Sandy Hill. The road from Glens Falls to Caldwell at the head of Lake George, passes near Bloody Pond. This is near the place of action between Col. Williams and Gen. Dieskau, in 1755, and into this pond were thrown the bodies of those killed in the battle. Hence its name. Caldwell is delightfully situated at the south- west end of the lake, and contains about two hundred inbabitants. The Lake House at this place is much resort- ed to in summer by travellers and parties of pleasure. A steamboat plies regularly between this place and the outlet of the lake at Ticonde- rocja. Near Caldwell villao-e at tbe south end of the lake are the ruins of Fort Wm. Henry, and about a mile further to the southeast ard those of Fort George. ,t . LAKE OKORGC. Lake George is so nearly connected with Lake Champlain, both locally and historically, as to be almost regarded as a part of it. It was visited by Champlain, in 1609, and it might appear doubtful, from his own statement, whether it was not to this lake that he gave his own name. Suc- ceeding French writers, hov/ever, confined the name of Champlain to the larger of these lakes, and called this Lake St. Sacrement on account of the purity of its waters. The Indian name is said to have been Iloricon. Mr. Spafford in his G3.2etteer of N. Y. says that the natives called it Canideri'Oit, or the tail of the lake, on account, probably, of its connexion with Lake Champlain. Lake George is 36 miles long and from 2 to 3 miles wide, and is elevated 243 feet above the tide waters of the Hudson. The scenery around this lake is very much admired. The most in- teresting points of view are said to be at Fort George, at a place north of Shelving Rock, 14 miles, and at Sabbath Day Point, 24 miles, from the head of the lake. The last view is taken southward ; the others towards the north. This lake abounds with small and beautiful islands, among the most important of which are Diamond Island, Tea Island and Long Island. Roger's Rock or Slide, and Anthony's Nose, the former on the west and the latter on the east side, are two precipices worthy of note. Howe's Landing, just behind an island at the outlet of the lake, MASSACRE AT FORT WM. HENRY. 5 •mer are ake, I denotes the spot where the uiiiortunate expedi- tion of Abercronibie landed, and derives its name from Lord Howe who accomp ied and fell in that expedition, in 1758. This lake has been the scene of several impor- tant battles. One which has been generally known as the Battle of Lake George^ was fonght at the head of the lake in 1755, between the French under the Baron Dieskau and the Eng- lish under Sir Wm. Johnson. Dieskau attacked the English in their encampment, but was de- feated and slain. The loss of the English was 130 slain and that of the French about '7U0* The most shocking transaction in the vicinity of this lake, was the Massacre at Fort William Henry in 1757. A British and provincial army havinor been collected at Ft. Edward and Ft. Wm. Henry under Gen. Webb for the reduction of the French works on Lake Champlain, the French sent a large army up the lake under Gen. Mont- calm for their defence. Gen. Webb, then at Fort Wm. Henry, learning from Maj. Putnam that this force had entered Lake George, returned imme- diately to Fort Edward, and the day followincr sent Col. Munroe with his regiment to reinforce the garrison at the lake. The day after Mun- roe's arrival the French appeared before the fort, laid siege to it and demanded its surrender. The * See Thompson's Vermont, part II. page 8. "( . MASSACRE AT FORT WM. HENRY. garrison, consistinor of 2500 men, defended them- selves with much bravery for several days, with the expectation of succor from Fort Edward. But as none came, Munroe was obliged on the 9th of August to capitulate. By the articles of capitulation all the public property was to be de- livered to Montcalm, and the garrison were to march out with their arms and baggage, and to be escorted to Fort Edward, on condition of not serving against the French within the period of eighteen months. The garrison had no sooner marched out of the fort, than a scene of perfidy and barbarity commenced, which it is impossible for lan- guage to describe. Regardless of the articles of capitulation, the Indians attached to the French army, fell upon the defenceless soldiers, plun- dering and murdering all that fell in their way. The French officers were idle spectators of this bloody scene ; nor could all the entreaties of Munroe persuade them to furnish the promised escort. On that fatal day about 1500 of the Eng.. lish were either murdered by the savages or carried by them into captivity never to return. The day following these horrid transactions, Major Putnam was despatched from Fort Ed- ward with his rangers to watch the motions of the enemy. He reached Lake George just after the rear of the enemy had left the shore, and the scene which was presented he describes as awful LAKE CHAMPLAIIC. hem- with ward, in the les of 3e(le- ere to md to 3f not •iod of out of 'barity ' lan- jles of Vench plun- way. 3f this ies of )mised 3 Eng- ores or urn. ctions, Tt Ed- ions of 5t after ndthe awful M * "-^ indeed. " The fort was entirely destroyed ; the bar- racks, out-houses and buildings were a heap of ruins — the cannon, stores, boats and vessels were all carried away. The fires were still burning — the smoke and stench offensive and sufFocatinor. Innumerable fragments of human skulls, and bones and carcasses half consumed, were still frying and broiling in the decaying fires. Dead bodies, mangled with scalping knives and toma- hawks, in all the wantonness of Indian barbarity, were every where to be seen. More than 100 women, butchered and schockingly mangled, lay upon the ground still weltering in their gore. Devastation, barbarity and horror every where appeared ; and the spectacle presented was too diabolical and awful either to be endured or de- ecribed." LAKE CHAMPLAIN. This Lake, on account of the beauty and vari- ety of its scenery and its historical incidents, is one of the most interesting bodies of water in North America. It was discovered by Samuel Champlain, on the 4th of July 1609. Having foun- ded the colony of Quebec in 1608, in June, 1609t Champlain with a number of French and Indians, proceeded, in a shallop, up the St. Lawrence and river Iroquois, now Richelieu, till stopped by the LAKE CHAMPLAFN DISCOVERED. Chambly rapids. From this place he determined to proceed in Indian canoes, but the Frenchmen manifested sfreat reluctance and only two could be persuaded to accompany him. With these and about 60 of the natives, havincr transported their canoes by the rapids, he embarked, on the 2d of July, and, proceedino- southward, on the 4th July entered the lake. Champlain and his party pro- ceeded along the west shore, advancing- by water during the night and retiring into the forests by day, to avoid being discovered by the Iroquois, between whom and the Canada Indians a war v^ras then carried on. As they drew near the ene- my's country they proceeded with great caution, but, on the 29th of July, in the evening, they fell in with a large war party of the Iroquois. Both parties drew up to the shore, and the night was Gpont in preparation for battle, and in singing and taunting each other. In the morning an en- gagement took place, but the Frenchmen being armed w-ith muskets, it was decided in favor of (^'hamplain and his party, a large number of the Iroquois being slain and several taken prisoners. With these they returned immediately to their shallop. Champlain says that this battle was fought in Lat. 43^ and some minutes, dhd the place is supposed to have been on the west shore of Lake George. The present name of Lake Champlain w^as given by its discoverer during his first visit, as he informs us in his Journal. LAKE CHAMPLAIN — NAME, rmiiied chmen D could Bse and kI their le 2d of th July •ty pro- ^ water •ests by •oquois, 3 a war lie ene- iaution, n*, they s. Both •ht was sincjins: an en- beincT avor of of the soners. 'o their le was hd the ill shore F Lake during ournal. ■4 He was not drowned in its waters, as has been sometimes said, but died at Quebec in 1G35. One of the Indian names of this lake was Petaicd- bouqiie, signifying alternate land and water, in allusion to the numerous islands and projecting points of land. Another is said to have been Caniaderi-Guaruntc^ signifying the mouth, or door of the country. If so it was very appro- priate, as it forms the gate-way between the country on the St. Lawrence and that on the Hudson. In more recent times the Indians called it Corlear in honor of a Dutchman, who saved a war party of Canada Indians from being de- stroyed by the Mohawks in lGo5. Extent. Lake Champlaiii is usually regarded as extending from Whitehall to St. Johns, being 120 miles in a right line from south to north. — Sometimes it is rci^arded as torniinatinor towards the north at As/t Island^ four miles beyond the United States Line, and the early French wri- ters marked its termination towards the south at Ticonderoga. The width of the lake varies from one fourth of a mile to about 13 miles, with a mean width of perhaps 4 miles, and c( vering an area of about 500 square miles. It receives the waters drained from about 7000 square miles. Its depth is in general sufficient for the naviga- tion of large vessels. This lake is now connected by canals with the navigable waters of the Hud- son and the St. Lawrence. I if 10 STEAMBOATS — CHAMPLAIN CANAL. Tabular Hislorical View 1 Com. llor. NAMES. VVhero builr,. Burlington, runn. 1801) Lon 120 Ton 167 pow. 20 Vermont 1st Phoenix Vergcnnes, 1815 146 336 45 Champlain do 1817 90 128 20 Contrress do 1818 108 209 34 2d Phoenix do 1820 150 343 45 Gen. Green Shelburne, 1825 75 115 28 Franklin St. Albans, 1827 162 350 75 Washington Essex, N. Y. 1827 92 134 30 McDoriough St. Albans, 1828 80 138 30 Winooski Burlington, 1832 136 226 60 Water Witch Ft. Cassin, 1832 90 107 40 Burlington Shelburne, 1838 220 460 200 Whitehall Whitehall, 1 839 215 460 200 Saranac Shelburne, 1842 185 331 100 FrancisSaltus Whitehall, 1845 1% 373 _ * __ Champlain Canal connects the navigable wa- ters of the Hudson with Lake Champlain. It is 64 miles long, 40 feet wide at the top and 28 at the bottom, with a navigable /eec?er at Sandy Hill 11 miles long. It has 21 locks, 14 by 90 feet. Rise from the Hudson, 134 feet, fall to the lake, 54 ; was begun in 1816, finished in 1819, and cost $1,079,872. The route of this canal is in- teresting on account of its passing through a sec- tion of country rendered memoral by important military operations. It passes in part along the line of Burgoyne's advance from Lake Cham- 1 c 1 T * * 40 inch cyleodar— 10 feet stroke.^ STEAMBOATS — CHAMPLAIN CANAL. 11 Of S/furnhoafs on Lake Cham plain. Cost. 45,000 18,000 30,000 45,000 12,000 50,000 14,000 1 2,000 15,000 14,000 75,000 70,006 35,000 60,000 Captains.* Continiianco in snrvice. John Winans J. Sherman Geo. Brush R. W Sherman J. Sherman Dan Lyon R. W. Sherman .lames Snow Wm. Burton Wm. Anderson Duff Green R. W. Sherman G. Lathrop P.T.Davis H.G. Tisdale 5 years, sunk Oct. 1815 4 "burnt Sept. 5,1819 Burnt, Whitehall, 1817 16 " condemn'd in 1835 16 '* " 1837 7 " conv.toslonp,1833 10 " condemned, 1838 now running 13 " lost 1841 now running 3 " conv.to schooner now running [1836 now running now running, now running. plain — near the scene of his principal battles — and of his final surrender. It passes near Fort Miller — Fort Edward— and Fort Anne — the spot where Miss M'Crea was murdered — the tree to which Gen. Putnam was bound in 1757, &.c. * Several changes have taken place in the com- manders of the above boats in the course of their continuance in service, among which we notice the following : the Winooski was commanded se v- eral years by Capt. Dan Lyon and afterwards by Capt. Philips. The Whitehall was commanded by Capt. D. Lyon up to 1844. 13 WHITEHALL — TICONDEROGA. tl Whitehall is situated at the junction of the Champlain Canal with the lake. It contains about 2500 inhabitants, a presbyterian, an episcopal and a method ist church, a bank, &c. It is a great thoroughlare of travel and merchandise, la a place of considerable business and is fast im- proving in appearance and comfort. Before the revolution Major Skeene resided here, and tho place was for some time know by the name of Skeenesborourrh. The Indian name of this placo is said to be Kah-sha-quak-na or jdnce lohere dip fisli. At this place one or more steamboats arrives and departs daily during the continuance of tho navinration. From here to Ticonderoo-a the lako is very narrow, averaging lesj than a mile. The widest place is about two miles, against the south part of Orwell. At Shole's Landing, 1 milesoutn of Mount Independence, the width is only forty rods. Half a mile from Whitehall is what is called the Elhow^ a short turn in tho lake occasioned by the projection of a rocky point from tho west. It is with considerable difficulty that large boats pass it on account of the narrowness of the chan- nel. Half a mile further north South Bay opens to the southwest. TicoNDEROGA. This is an Indian word signify- ing noisy ; and was applied by the natives to the fails in the outlet of Lake George. It was after- wards applied to the fortifications on the penin*. sula at the outlet and now to a village two miles TICONIJEROGA — ABERCROMBIE's DEFEAT. 13 up the outlet and to the township in which these are situated. Fort Ticonderoga occupies a conspicuous place in the military operations in this neiirhborhood. Its situation may be seen by the following diagram. The French first established themselves here in 1755, and in the course of two or three years had erected works, which they named Fort Carillon and w^hich, with its natural advantages, rendered it a place of considerable strength. Abercrombie's Defeat. In 1758, the English had collected an army of 16000 men, at the head 14 ABERCROMRIE DEFEATED — LORD HOWE. ^f 1 i J ■ ft 11 I of Lake George for the purpose of reducinsf the French works on Lake Chauiplain. At the head of these (len. Abercrombie embarked at Fort Win. Henry on the 5th of July and proceeded down the lake in 900 batteaux and L*35 whaleboats. He landed at the lower end without difficulty. As they advanced towards the French works, they had frequent skirmishes with the enemy, by which their pronrress was retarded and in one of which the gallant Lord Howe was killed. The Encjlish columns at length became so much em- barrassed and broken on account of the thickness of the woods, that Abercrombie deemed it prudent to march back to the place where he had landed in the morning and there encamp for the night. The French works were protected on the only assailable ground by a line of breastworks and garrisoned by 6000 men, and, as a reinforcement of 3000 men was on its way to join them, Aber- crombie was anxious to get possession of the works before it should arrive. He, therefore, the next morninor led forward his men in reo-ular or- der and with undaunted firmness and commen- ced an immediate assault upon the French lines. The enemy opened upon them a well directed fire from their artillery, but the English contin- ued to advance undisniiayed till they became completely entangled and stopped by the trees and bushes, which had been felled to impede their approach. For four hours they strove to cut TICONDKROGA DURING THE REVOLUTION. 15 ^■'"^^^^^^"" ■ I ■• I ■ ■ ■ .Mil. ■» ■ I ■ ■ M ■ ■ ■ — I . ■■ ■ ■ I M — ^— ^ their way through tliese with their swords, but without success. All this time thoy were exposed to the deadly fire of the enemy, who were com- pletely sheltered by their breastworks. The num- bers o'i the assailants continually diminishing and no prospect of success apppearing, Abercrom- bio thought it most prudent to retreat, and ac- cordingly led back his shattered army to their former encampment without being pursued or molested by the enemy. The English lost in this encounter, in killed and wounded, nearly 2000 men and 2500 stand of arms. Tlie next year this post was abandoned by the French and was taken possession of by the English under Gen. Amherst without any fighting, by whom the works were repaired and strenthened. Ticonderoga during the Revolution. — Ticon- deroga was our first trophy in the war for Independence. It was taken by surprise by Ethan Allen at the head of 83 men, mostly Green Mountain Boys, in the morning of the 10th of May, 1775, who demanded its surrender "in the name of the Great Jehovah and the Continental CongressJ^ It remained in the possession of the Americans till the advance of Burgoyne through the lake in 1777. The Americans at this time occupied Ticonderoga and Mount Independence on the opposite side the lake, where they had some small batteries. These posts were connected by a floating bridge 80 rods long and 12 feet wide. Bur- »< ^z 'J .^;iii 16 8T. CIAIR S RETREAT — CHIMNEY POlKT. V il goyne first took possession of Mount. Hope, situa- ted about a mile to the northwest of Ticonderoga. Mount Drfiance^ situated at the south ^vest, com- pletely commanded the American workn, being 800 feet above them, but was supposed to be of BO difficult access as to prevent any attempt of the British to plant cannon upon it. But in this they were mistaken ; for on the 5th of July the British had taken possession of this mountain, and had commenced the erection of a battery. The Ameri- can ofencral St. Clair immediately called a council of officers, by whom it was agreed to abandon the post at Ticonderoga and Mount Independence and retreat. to the south, which was carried into effect before the next morninfj. The British then took possession and held it till the close of the war. From Ticonderoga to Crown Point the width of the lake varies from 1 to 2 miles. In this dis- tance are two or three landing places, all on the East side. Watch Point in Shoreham a little north of the old landing, is at present the usual landing place of passengers for Middlebury. CiiiiMNEr Point, the landing place opposite to Crown Point is in the south western corner of the town of Addison. Here the French com- menced their first settlement upon the lake in 1731. When Crown Point fell into the hands of the English in 1759, this settlement was aban- doned, and the remains of the chimneys, which CHIMNEY POINT — CROWN POINT. 17 they had erected in their huts, probably fcjuggcs- ted to tlio first Eiii^Hish settlers the naiiie of Chimney Point. The slonr. windmill^ mentioned hy Kahn, as beinrr within one or two njusket-shots to the east of Fort Frodorick, and as havintrO or 6 snnall cannon mounted in it in 1749, and which lias been supposed to have ^-iven name to this point, was most probably at the place opposite, marked by the ruins of what is called (Jrenadier'H Battery. Crown Point. The French first established themselves here in 1731, and erected a fort which ill 18 FORT ST. FREDERICK — CROWN POINT. Frederick, Frederick they called Fort S Maurepas, the French secretary of state. At this place the French kept a garrison, and from it, during' the colonial wars, sent out their parties of French and Indians to destroy the frontier English settlements, and massacre the inhabi- tants. When Kalm, visited this place in 1749, there was a considerable settlement around the fort with well cultivated gardens. Within the fort was a neat little church. The fort was built upon the brow of the steep bank of the lake, but a short distance from the water, and the remains of its bomb-proof, covered way, ovens, &,c., are still to be seen, though in a very dila- pidated state. Its place is indicated by figure 2, in the cut. The small circle to the southeast of this denotes the site of Grenadier's Batterv, and the two small parallelograms to the southwest of the latter place, the situation of two strong redoubts. On the approach of the British army under Gen. Amherst in 1759, the French abandoned this fort and retired to the north end of the lake. Amherst took immediate possession, but instead of repairing the old works, began a new fort, which was called Crown Point, about 200 yards to the south west, on higher and more command- ing ground. This fort was never completed, as is evident from an examination of the ditch, glacis, &c., at the present day, although it has been said that the British government expended % !■ 'i CROWN POINT — ENGLISH FORT. 19 derick e. At 1 from parties rentier nhabi- 1749, id the Vithin rt was of the nd the ovens, r dila- e 2, in of this id the of the oubts. under doned lake, istead V fort, yards nand- ed, as ditch, it has mded here no less than £2,000,000 sterling. The po- sition of the several works may be understood by the preceding diagram, and the form and size of the English fort by the following diagram and description. The ramparts are about 25 feet thick, and from 15 to 25 in height, and ere reveted with solid masonry. The curtains vary in length from 52 yards to 101 yards, and the whole circuit, meas- uring along the top of the rampart, including the the bastions, is 853 yards, or 27 yards less than 6 '. 20 CROWN POINT FORT. '/I, half a mile. Within the fort were four large Btoiie buildinofs, desiorned for barracks and other uses, one of which is now wholly removed, and another 287 feet long, is mostly thrown down. The walls of the other two, being, one 192 and the other 216 feet long, and two stories high, are nearly entire, and a part of the latter roofed and inhabited. These were used as barracks, are built of solid masonry with chimneys, and the stones for their construction appear to have been taken from tlfe ditch, and the chips used for lev- elling up the slope of the glacis. In the north- eastern bastion is a large well, said to be 90 feet deep, and from this bastion was the descent to the covered way or underground communica- tion with the lake. The walls of this covered way have fallen in, so as to render it impassible, but it may be traced through its whole length by a depression alongj the surface of the ground. This fort was taken by surprise by a party of Green Mountain Boys, under Seth Warner, on the same day that Ticonderoga surrendered to Ethan Allen. The width of the peninsula upon which these works stood is one mile, and is in no part much elevated above the site of the principal fort, but there is a considerable mountain on the west side of Bulwagga Bay, the nearest summit of which is only IJ miles from the fort and elevated 400 feet above it. The highest is distant 2| miles -i ' ! II WESTPORT — FORT CASSIN. 21 • large 1 other 3d, and down. 92 and gh, are ed and ks, are ind the e been br lev- north- 90 feet :ent to mnica- iovered issible, igth by ground, arty of ler, on red to these much rt, but st side which d400 miles and elevated 900 feet. The whole peninsula is made up of dark lime stone covered in most part with only a slight depth of earth, so that works upon it, cannot be assailed by regular advances. The width between Crown and Chimney Points is only about half a mile. From Crown point to Split Rock the average width of the lake is about 3 J miles. Port Henry is IJ miles from Crown Pt. Fort and a little north of Cedar Point. Here is a good landing place and here are the works of the Port Henry Iron Company. There is a ferry between this place and Chimney Point. Westport, the next landing place on the N. Y. side, is situated on Northwest Bay. It is a thriving villaore of about 600 inhabitants. A horse ferry boat plies between this place and Ba- sin Harbor. Basin Harbor, one of the best on the lake, is in the town of Ferrisburg, Vt., and is 5 miles west from the city of Vergennes. Fort Cassin, 3 miles north of Basin Harbor and on the north side of the mouth of Otter Creek, is a landing place of passengers for Ver- gennes. It is 8 miles from the City of Vergennes where Macdonough's fleet was fitted out, with which he gained his victory. Fort Cassin takes its name from Lieut. Cassin of the navy, who with a small breast work at this place, and less than 200 men commanded by himself and Capt. i Q' :'!>ir . •'I Ml i ■■'ir. 22 SPLIT-ROCK — CHARLOTTE — m'nEIL's FERRT. — — - — ■ — • — ■* Thornton, of the artillery, on the 14th of May 1814, repulsed a large British force in an attempt to enter the creek for the purpose of destroying the American flotilla before it should be ready for service. Split Rock is one of the greatest natural cu- riosities on the lake, and one which did not es- cape the notice of the earliest French explorers. Roclier Fendu occupies a conspicuous place on Charlevoix, map of 1744. It has been suppo- sed to have been formed by the breaking off of a rocky promontory extending north, but Prof. Emmons (N. Y. Geological Report, 231) thinks it was formed by the wearing away of the rock in that place in consequence of its being of a softer texture. The part detached contains about half an acre, rises about 30 feet above the water, is covered with bushes and is separated about 10 feet from the main rock. A few rods south of Split Rock stands a light house. The width of the lake between Split Rock and Thompson's Point is only about a mile. From this place the width of the lake increases towards the north, and at McNieVs Ferry^ betw^een Charlotte land- ing and the village of Essex, it wants 20 rods of 3 miles. This is one of the oldest and best fer- ries across the lake. The passage is by horse- boat, and is performed in about 30 minutes. Just north of Charlotte landing is the delightful resi- dence of Charles McNiel, Esqr. 1H '■}: .11. ESSEX — FOUR BROTHERS — JUNIPER ISLAND. 23 Essex is a pleasant village containing about 600 inhabitants. From this place the width of the lake increases as it flows North, and at Bur- lington amounts to about 10 miles ; and here is the greatest expanse of water uninterrupted by islands. On the way from Essex to Burlirgton, are passed the Four Brothers, lying at some dis- tance, and Juniper Island and Rock Dunder on the left, and Potier's Point and the mouth of Shelburn Bay on the right. Four Brothers are 4 small islands lying about 7 miles south west from Burlington, and being out of the usual line of navigation they are resorted to by gulls and other water fowl for the purpose of raising their young. On Charlevoix map of 1744, they are called Isle de quatre Vents. Juniper Island lies 3 miles south west from Burlington — is composed of slate rock, with precipitous banks about thirty feet high, and covered with about a dozen acres of good soil. A light house was erected here in 1826. Rock Dunder is a solitary rock rising out of the water between Juniper Island and Potier's Point to the height of about 20 feet. Potier's Point is 24 miles nearly south from the landing at Burlington and at the mouth of Shelburne Bay. On the east side of this point just within the bay is a ship yard, called the Har- bor, It is three miles from the steamboat land- ing in Burlington, and although situated in the . & 24 HARBOR — BURLINGTON. '-iii !!«■ MM. • ^ I; 1 -,? SV >'■ I township of Shelburne may be regarded as the Burlington ship yard. Here several of the large steam boats have been built, and they are usually laid up here during the winter. Through the greater part of the passage from Ticonderoofa to Burlinofton the traveller has a fine view of the Green Mountains in Vermont, stretching along at the east, particularly of the CameVs Hump, and the Nose and Chin of the Mansfield mountains lying further north. Burlington is situated nearly midway be- tween Whitehall and St. Johns. It is the most important town on lake Champlain, is a port of entry, and by recent arrangements between our government and Great Britain, is made one of the two ports (Plattsburgh being the other) on lake Champlain, at which merchandize sentfron England through the United States into Canada is entered for inspection and exportation. The village of Burlington is not surpassed in beauty of location by any town in New England. It occupies a gentle declivity terminated on the west by the lake. The principal streets running east and west, are one mile in length, and these are crossed nearly at right angles by others running north and south, cutting the whole village into regular squares. The village contains 4000 inhabitants,^ and is steadily advancing in wealth and population. It is the seat of the Univer- sity :f Vermont, which is a flourishing institution, •I ■ I" .1 ir;; BURLINGTON — MAP. 25 having a well selected library of about 8000 volumes, a very gcoi chemical and philosophi- cal apparatus, and a respectable cabinet of natural history. Besides the university build- ings, the village contains six churches, a court house and jail, a high school for boys, a female seminary, two banks, three printing offices, seven hotels and taverns and about 40 stores, four of which are bookstores. There are several manu- factories, among which the glass factory of 26 BNRLINGTON — UNIVERSITY. i Jt:! ?■ • Messrs. Smith & Willkins is one of the most important. There are three lines of mail stages which arrive and depart daily, (Sunday excep- ted,) besides three or four others which come in and go out twice or thrice a week, ^ee Tables^ p. 46, 47. During the continuance of navigation there are regular lines of steam-boats between here and Whitehall, between here and St. Johns, between here and Plattsburgh and St. Albans, besides numerous arrivals and departures of ir- regular boats, sloops, &c. There are four extensive wharves with storehouses, and the greater part of the merchandize intended for the north western section of Vermont is landed here. A breakwater has been built in front of the wharves for the protection of the shipping. Op- posite to Burlington the width of the lake is 9| miles, and the soundings taken at eight differ- ent places along the line, vary from 50 to about 300 feet. The buildings of the University of Vermont are delightfully situated upon the summit at the eastern extremity of the village, at an elevation of more than 250 feet above the level of the lake. The prospect from the dome of the prin- cipal edifice is, at some seasons of the year, one of unrivaled b'^auty, and well repays the toil of the ascent. Here is spread out, as upon a map, before the eye, — the busy village — the lake, stretching from south to north, with its bays and - it ill I iii;!.. WIN005KI VILLAGE — SCHUYLER ISLAND 27 lie most il stages ^ excep- ch come Tables, vigation between '. Johns, Albans, Js of ir- re four nd the for the d here, of the r- Op. e is 9| diiFer- about rmont at the vation of the prin- r, one toil of map, lake, 3 and islands, its steamboats, and other water craft — the Winooski river, dashing through dark and frightful chasms and then winding gently through the beautiful meadows at the north — and more remote, the woods and farms and smiling villages ; — and, to complete the picture, the east and west are bounded by a grand and varied outline of mountains, many of whose summits mingle with the clouds. Winooski Village is situated at the Lower Falls in Winooski river, and 2 miles from the steam boat landing in Burlington. Here is abundant and excellent water power, which has hitherto been only partially improved. At this place an extensive woollen factory is in operation and several other factories and mills. A "large block factory, satinett factory, and several mills have been destroyed by fire, which have not yet been rebuilt. From Burlington to Port Kent, 10 miles, the course is a little north of west. Juniper Island and the Four Brothers lie at the left, and on the right, first, Lone Rock or Sharpshin Point, near which may be seen the residence of the Rt. Rev. J. H. Hopkins, and a little further along Appletree Point, and still farther and more remote Col- chester Point. Winooski river enters the lake between the two last. Just before reaching Port Kent a considerable island is passed lying on the left called Schuyler's Island, The French cal- 28 PORT KENT — BURNING OF THE PH(ENIX. h -1'' \) ' led it Isle au Chapon. The point of the main land lying between this island and Port Kent, is called Point Tremhleau. Port Kent is a pleasant little village which owes its origin to the late Elkanah Watson, Esq. and has grown up within a few years. It has a convenient dock from which is shipped the greater part of the immense quantity of iron manufactured in this section of the country. On the Au Sable river which runs through a region abounding in iron ore^ and empties into the lake a little north of this port, are the flourishing man- ufacturinof villages of Au Sable Forks, Clinton- ville, Keeseville, and Birmingham. On this riv- er are many interesting falls. Those at Birming- ham 2 miles from Port Kent, and the ravine be- low, through which the river passes, are worthy the notice of the curious traveller. From Port Kent to Plattsburgh, the course is along near the western shore of the lake. Port Jackson, the only intermediate landing place, is nearly west of the south end of Valcour Island^ noted for a severe naval conflict, on the 11th of October 1776, between the American flotilla under General Arnold and the British un- der Capt. Prindle. The battle was fought a lit- tle north of Port Jackson. Five or six miles near- ly east from Port Jackson was the scene of the conflagration of the steamer Phcenix on the morn- ing of the 5th of September 1819. Previous to the il ll.'t! f. ■■■;'«; PLATTSBURGH. 29 le main ' Kent, which n, p]sq. t has a d the of iron ^ On region e Jake 5" man- linton- is riv- ming- ne be- worthy rse i3 nding 'Icour n the rican 1 un- alit- lear- the orn- )th8 settlen nt of F ort Kent,the steamboats proceeded directly Irurn Burlington to Plattsburji^b, along the west i^hore of Grand Isle. On the uiornino- of the accident the Pba^nix left Brrlino-tou about one o'clock, against a strong north wind. About 3 o'- clock, while off nearly west of the south end of Grand Isle, the boat was discovered to be on fire, and all efforts to extinguish it were unavailing. There were at this time 44 persons on board, 31 of whom entered the small boats and succeeded with considerable difficulty in reaching a small island about a mile to the windward, called Prov- idence Island. The remaining 13 were soon obliged to commit themselves to the water upon bits of plank and such other things as were with- in their reach. The small boats returned just after daylight and succeeded in saving (5 of those who had managed to keep themselves afloat. The remaining seven were drowned. The wreck drifted southward and lodged on a reef, extend- ing from Colchester Point. This is the only ac- cident, worthy of notice, which has occurred du- ring 36 years of steam navigation on this lake. Plattsburgh is a flourishing village pleas- antly situated on both sides of the mouth of the river Saranac. It has 4 churches and about 2600 inhabitants. There are falls in the river here of about 40 feet, affording a large amount of water power. On these there are several manu- facturing establishments, but they are only par- .! .i s ' ;i' 30 PLATT8BUR0H. tially occupied. There is a regular line of stages from this place to Malone, Pottsdam, and Ogdens- burgh. Pittsburgh is a military post of the United States, and a little south of the village near the lake shore, the government has erected extensive stone barracks, and a permanent break water for the protection of the harbor. During the last war this place was the scene of an im- portant engagement both on land and water. Valcour I. Pt Jackson Battle of Plattsburgh..-On the 1st of Sept. 1814, Gen. Prevost entered the U. S. at the head of 14000 men and advanced towards Plattsburgh, BATTLE AT PLATT9BURGH. 31 which was then jrarrisoned hy only one brigade comnnanded by Gen. Macomb. Prevost's ad- vance was slow and cautious, and, in the mean time, every effort was made by Macomb *to call in the neighborinnr militia. Oji the 7th, Prevost appeared before Plattsburgh, and till the 11th, awaited the arrival of the British flotilla, being employed in the mean time in erecting batteries. The American flotilla, commanded by Commo- dore Macdonoutrh and consistinjr of*the Saratocra of 2() guns, the Eagle of !2(), the Ticonderoga of 17, the Preble of 7, and 10 gun boats carrying 16 guns, and carrying in the whole 820 men, was then lying in Plattsburgh bay. The British naval force at this time consisted of a frigate of 39 guns, the Linnet of 16, two sloops of 11 each, and 13 gun boats carrying 18 guns, with 1050 men, and commanded by Commodore Downie. The American ships were anchored in a line ex- tending in a direction nearly north from Crab Island. In the morning of the 11th of Septem- ber, th<3 British flotilla came around Cumbrrland Head and, about 9 o'clock, anchored in a line parallel to the American and about 300 yards distant. In this situation the whole force on both sides became engaged, and after a severe conflict of 2 hours and 20 minutes the engagement was terminated by the surrender of the whole British flotilla, with the exception of a few gun boats which effected their escape. The British losg ■•''ill; f I" ' illi ■it'f 'i - M 32 PLATTSBURGH BATTLE — CUMBERLAND HEAD. ^.■■■■Il.-l.--.|.- . ■ ■■..--.I !■■ ■■■ 1^-. ..— — ■ . .. ^. I. ■■■— M. I*l« was 84 killed, among whom were Com. Downie and two Lieutenants, and 110 wounded. The American was 52 killed and 58 wounded. Amon^ the former were Lieuts. Gamble and StanslDury. The commencement of the naval action seem- ed be the signal for a general assault by land. The enemy opened their batteries upon the A- merican works, and at the same time attempted to cross the S^ranac and gain their rear. The Americans kept up a destructive fire from their forts and met the enemy at every point with most determined bravery. Aa soon as it was known that their fleet had surrendered, the enemy re- linquished all their hopes, and began making ar- ranofements for a retreat : and before the next morning they had retired so precipitately as to leave behind their wounded, and large quantities of provisions, amunition and military stores. The officers, who fell on both sides, in these enofaofements, were all buried near toorether in the public cemetery at Plattsburgh, and the Clin- ton County Military Association, celebrated the anniversary of the battle in 1843, by placing over them marble monuments with appropriate inscrip- tions. Cumberland Head extends three miles into the lake on the north side of Plattsburgh, or Cumberland Bay. On this point is a light house and the farm presented to Com. Macdonough by I i 1 1 1 HEAD. Downie d. The 'ounded. hie and n seem- J land. theA- ipted to . The n their -h most known Tiy re- in o- ar- e next Y as to ntities s. these in the CJin. d the ?over scrip- 3 into h, or iouse :hhy ISLANDS — ALBURGH. 33 the Legislature of Vermont. It lies in full view of the scene of his memorable victory on the 11th of September 1814. On Chalevoix's map of 1744 this point is called Cap ScoumounUm. Cumber- land Head is connected by a ferry with Grand Island. Grand Island, or South Hero is the largest is- land in the lake and belonofs to Vermont. It has an excellent soil and is connected with Cumberland Head on the west by a ferry and with the main shore on the east by a ferry and by a fordable eand bar. North Hero is another large island lying north of the above. It constitutes a townshio of the came name and belonors to Vermont. The steam ferry boat from Burlington on its way from Platts- burgh to St. Albans passes between these islands. Isle la Motte also belongs to Vermont ; contains 4620 acres and constitutes a township of the same name. Its rocks are lime, from veins of which is quarried a fine black marble. Alburgh, lying still further north, is a town- ship formed by a point of land extending south- ward between the lake and Missisco Bay. It is connected with Canada along the 45th parallel of latitude. In this township is a medicinal spring which is a place of considerable resort for invalids. In Highgate lying east of the bay is another medicinal spring of quite equal celebrity. Missisco Bay is a large body of water extend- M I E Mm\' 1?: ; ■ M;-.',: I 34 ROUSE S POINT — UNITED STATES LINE. ing into Canada, on the east side of which is the village of Philipsburgh. Chazy Landing is 16 miles north of Platts- burgh. Rouse's Point is 9 miles north of Chazy, in the township of Champlain, and about one mile from the United States line. Here is a convenient steamboat landing. Nearly opposite on the west part of Alburgh, is Windmill Point, This point takes its name from a windmill built here by the French while they had possession of the lake. United Slates Line. This line was fixed in 1842, by treaty negotiated by Lord Ashburton and Mr. Webster, on the old line formerly sup- posed to be the 45Lh parallel of latitude. Imme- diately after the close of the last war the United States government commenced building a fort on a low point to the northward of Rouse's Point landing which should completely command the passage up the lake. By the survey of this line in 1818, it was found that this point was north of the 45th parallel, and the work was consequently abandoned ; but by the late treaty the fort was secured to the United States and the work has recently been resumed. An opening through the woods like a road, on the east side of the lake and about 200 rods north of the fort marks the place of the Line as now established. Ash Island, lying 3 or 4 miles north of the INE. lich is the of Platts- of Chazy, about one lere is a r opposite lill Point. mill built session of ! fixed in ishburton erly sup- Jmme- le United a fort on e's Point nand the this line north of equently fort was v^ork has )ugh the ;he lake rks the 1 of the I ISLE-AUX-NOIX — ST. JOHNS. 35 ^i Line, is sometimes regarded as the termination of the lake towards the north and the commence- ment of the Richelieu or Sorel which forms its outlet. La Colle lying on the west side was a British military post during the last war, and is noted on account of an unsuccessful attack made by the Americans upon the enemy sheltered in the stone mills at this place, on the 29th of March, 1814. Isle aux Noix is the first steam boat landincr after entering Canada. This is the frontier mili- tary post of the British. It is strongly fortified and garrisoned, and completely commands the passage of the lake or river. The Americans took possession of this island in 1775 and re- tained it till they retreated from Canada the next year. It was afterwards the principal scene of the nes^otiations between the British officers and the agents of the leading men in Vermont, by which a large British army was kept inactive du- ring the last three years of the revolutionary war. St. Johns is the termination of the steam-toat navigation of the lake in this direction, being checked by the Chambly rapids, and at this place cars are taken for Laprairie on the way to Mon- treal. The village of St. Johns presents a thri- ving appearance and contains about 2000 in- habitants. It is a military post, and extensive barracks have been erected here since the late rebellion which are pleasantly situated and occu- .':;;" 'M i m I \l fill ^ If ■•}■■! tit!.'' .^ i.'.! ■-■^• 'V (.■!■ 'A Al ,.r. I, 36 CHAMBLY CANAL — HAIL-ROAD. pied by a regiment of British troops. It was the scene of some military operation during the revo- lution. It sustained a siege of 6 weeks, before it surrendered to Gen. Montgomery in Nov. 1775. St. Johns is a port of entry with a custom house, and a custom house officer here goes on board the steamboats to inspect the baggage of passen- gers previous to being landed. Chamhly Canal is 12 miles long, connecting the naviiifable waters above with those below Chambly rapids and extending from St. Johns to Chambly. There are 9 locks 120 feet long and 24 wide, each with a lift of 10 feet, making 90 feet in the whole. It was built by the British government, finished in 1843, and cost about $400,000. This canal completed an uninter- rupted water communication between Quebec and New-York. Champlain and St. Lawrence Railroad is fif- teen miles lonof, i-eachinfj fom St Johns to La- prairie. It was finished in 1836 and cost about $200,000, including depots, locomotives, cars, &c. The country through which it runs is almost a dead level. The fare from St. Johns to Mont- real by railroad and steamboat, is $1 for 1st class, and half a dollar in 2d class cars. Laprairie is a considerable village and most of the inhabitants are French. From this place to Montreal, 9 miles, the passage is by steamboat. :i MONTREAL — CATHEDRAL — WHARVES. 37 It was the f the revo- ks, before ^ov. 1775. om house, on board >f passen- 3nnectinar )se below Johns to long- and aking 90 e British ost about uninter- Quebec fad is fif- is to La- 3st about es, cars, is almost to Mont- Ist class, ^nd most lis place ^amboat. Montreal, the seat of government and the largest city in Canada,contains near 40,000 inhabi- tants. This city presents a strong contrast to the cities of the United States, and in its population, buildino's, streets and customs, resembles the cities of the old world, and hence it is an object of particular interest to the American traveller. On approaching, the object whicli first attracts attention is the huge Roman Catholic Cathedral, whose towers rise so majestically above the sur- rounding buildings. On a nearer approach, the city and its environs are seen to great advantage. The river here is about 3 miles wide, and oppo- site the city lies the beautiful island of St. Hele- na, which is strongly fortified and garrisoned. The new wharves at which the landings are made, extend more than a mile along the river. They are built of hammered stone, in the most substantial manner and are said to exceed any thing of the kind in America. The objects of interest to the traveller in and about Montreal are too numerous to be particularized here, but a ride to the mountain in rear of the city should not be dispensed with by any who have the least taste for the picturesque and beautiful. Batw^een this city and Quebec, 180 miles below, is a re- gular daily line of steamboats during the contin- uance of the navigation. See table p. 48, and for the tour through Kingston to Niagara Falls, see the same page. ' Vi H .'V m ' 38 WM. HENRY — THREE RIVERS. The most important places between Montreal and Quebec are William Henry, and Three Riv- ers. William Henry, or Sorel is 45 miles below Montreal, and situated at the junction of the out- let of Lake Champlain with the St. LawTence, or rather with the upper end of lake St. Peters, which is an expansion of that river, 25 miles Ion or and 9 broad. On the way from Montreal to Wm. Henry are passed the villages of Lon- gueuil, Vercheres, Varennes, and several others. Port St. Francis is the pricipal landing place between Wm. Henry and Three Rivers. It owes its existence chiefly to the efforts of the British American Land Company. Passengers bound to the Eastern Townships are landed here and pro- ceed up the river St. Francis by stage. Three Rivers, situated nearly midway'between Montreal and Quebec, is the largest town be- tween those cities. It lies at the junction of the river St. Maurice with the St. Lawrence. In the mouth of the St. Maurice are two small is- lands, which divide the stream into three parts, and which appear, from the St. Lawrence, like the mouths of three rivers, and hence the name. Richelieu Rapids are half way from Three Rivers to Quebec. The St Lawrence is here about two miles wide, with a rocky shore, and the rapids extend about 9 miles. Steamboats pass these rapids without difficulty or danger, but a I •■■■ i * ). WOLFE S COVE — QUEBEC. 39 n Montreal Three Riv- n lies below of the out- Lawrence, St^Peters, 25 miles Montreal ?s of Lon- ral others, ding place s. It owes IS British 5 bound to and pro- "between town be- 3n of the nee. In small is- ee parts, nee, like name, n Three is here ore, and amboats ger, but i 1 other vessels can ascend them only by taking advantage of the tide or by being towed up by steamboats. Sillery Cove^ noted for the last battle between the English and French, which completed the conquest of Canada in 1759, and Wolffs Covet where Wolfe landed and drew his cannon up the precipice, are passed just before reaching Quebec as is also Cape Diamond at the base of which the gallant Montgomery was killed on the 31st of December 1775. Quebec is on several accounts one of the most interesting places in Canada. It was here the first settlement was commenced by Champlain in 1608. The city is divided into the Upper and Lower town, and the St. Roch, St. John, and St. Lewis suburbs. The lower town is at the foot of the precipice, upon the top of which the upper town is built, and is but little above the bed of the river. The greatest part of the ground upon which the lower town is built has been gained by excavation from the foot of the precipice, or by building out into the water. This part of the city is crowded and dirty, and contains but few good buildings. The ascent from the lower to the upper town is steep and difficult, the latter being more than 200 feet above the former. The upper town which is nat- urally almost inaccessable, is doubtless more strongly fortified than any other place in Ameri- I. 'I ,:' mm 40 qUEBEC. ca. The citadel, which is the main work and considered to be impregnable, includes five or six acres, and stands on the very summit of Capo Diamond. The objects and places of interest in and about the city are too numerous to be partic- ularized. The falls of Montmorenci a few miles below, and the Plains of Abraham a little to the west of the city, on which Wolfe and Montcalm fell, deserve attention. A neat monument 65 feet high, with suitable inscriptions, was erected to the memory of these brave generals in 1828, near the spot where they fell. The population of Quebec is about 30,000. I m^ TABLES. 41 Distances between Albany and Wkilehall^ . liu:t I'lOlU NAMES OF PLACES. to Fiom White- Place u Albany. hall. Albany, by canal. 73 West Troy, - «- 7 7 Q^ Mechanicsville, 13 20 53 Schuylerville, 16 36 37 Fort Edward, 13 49 24 Fort Ann, - - - 12 61 12 Whitehall, - 12 73 BY STAGE. Albany, - - . 72 Troy, ... 6 6 66 Schaghticoke, 10 16 56 Easton, ... 10 26 46 Argyle, 20 46 26 Granville, - - . 17 63 9 Whitehall, - 9 72 BY RAIL-ROAD AND STAGE. Albany, by rail-road, 77 ^ ("Schenectady, 16 ") or. o . BallstonSpa, 14 5^^ ^1^ or Troy, 6) 30 30 47 Mechanicsv'l, 12V30 Ballston Spa, 12) Saratoga Springs, 7 37 40 Sandy Hill, by stage, - 19 56 21 Fort Ann, " 10 m 11 Whitehall, " 11 11 If 42 TABLES. :'flT! ' i ■}" »,.'! Distances between Albany and Montreal. [ Albany, Whitehall, - Benson, by steamboat, - Orwell, »* Ticonderoga, " Shorehaiii, ** Bridport, ** Crown Pt. &Chimney Pt. Port Henry, Barber's Point, Westport, Basin Harbor, Fort Cassin, Split-Rock, Essex & Charlotte, Burlington, " Fort Kent. ** Port Jackson, " Plattsburgh, " Cumberland Head, Chazy, " Rouse's Point, " Isle-aux-Noix, " St. Johns, " Laprairie, by rail-road, - Montreal, by steamboat, 4( tc (C (( 73 ]3 7 4 2 9 6 2 9 2 4 3 3 4 U 30 9 6 3 13 9 12 13 15 9 73 13 20 24 26 35 41 43 52 54 58 61 64 68 82 92 101 107 110 123 J 32 144 157 172 181 £ = *•> -JiA 23() 157 144 137 133 131 122 116 114 105 103 99 96 93 89 75 65 56 50 47 34 25 13 15 24 - c 73 86 93 97 99 108 114 116 125 127 131 134 137 141 155 16.^ 174 180 183 \66 205 217 230 245 254 b O 254 181 168 161 157 155 146 140 138 429 ]27 J 23 120 117 113 99 89 80 74 71 58 49 37 24 9 ' TABLES ■ AS 'real. t. ^ ROUTES TO AND FROM ALBANY. E >. 513 Albany and Ticonderoga^ via Lake Gee ■ge. Place From From From NAMES OF PLACES. t.o Place Sarato- Albany. Ticon- deroga 0,J^54 73 181 Albany 37 104 86 168 Saratoga Springs 37 37 67 1)3 161 Fortsville, by stage, 12 12 49 55 D7 157 Glens Falls " 6 18 55 49 1)9 155 Caldwell (LakeGeo. 9 27 64 40 08 146 Landing (N. end L. 36 63 100 4 14 140 Ticonderoora Fort 4 67 104 16 138 25; 4 29 27 127 •'; C3 Albany Neio Yo rk an Place to id Was From 'Mngto'i From New n. From Wash. 31 123 34 120 Place Albany. Y«rk. ington. 37 117 ■ Albany, by steamboat 145 365 41 113 \ Kinderhook " 18 18 127 347 35 99 ^ Hudson " 11 29 116 336 ]^ 89 I Catskill " 5 34 111 331 ^4 80 ^ Upper Redhook " 11 45 100 320 ^0 74 Poughkeepsie " 26 71 74 • 294 53 71 Newburgh " 13 84 61 281 6 58 West Point »• 9 93 52 272 5 49 • Tarrytown " 25 118 27 247 7 37 ' Yonkers " 10 128 17 237 24 1 New York, " 17 145 220 5 9 1 Philadelphia,by R.R. 86 231 86 134 4 1 Baltimore " 96 327 182 38 m TTT 1 • J ^_ // 38 365 220 1 J 1 vvasningion 44 TABLES. I < f; ii^; ,.■ 1 Distances between Albany^ Buffalo and Detroit, BY CANAL AND LAKE. Plac NAMES OF PLACES. to Pl;,c. Albany. From Buffalo. Albany, . . - 364 West Troy, 7 7 357 Schenectady, 23 30 334 Amsterdam, 17 47 317 Fultonville, 10 57 307 Little Falls, 31 88 276 Herkimer, - . - 7 95 269 Utica, - - - 15 110 254 Rome, - - - 15 125 239 Chittenango, 28 153 211 Manlius, - - - 9 162 202 Syracuse, - - - 9 171 193 Montezuma, 34 205 159 Lyons, ... 20 225 139 Palmyra, - - - 15 240 124 Rocljester, - - - 29 269 95 Brockport, 20 289 75 Albion, - . - 15 304 60 Lockport, - - - 29 333 31 Tonewanda, - - - 19 352 12 Buffalo, 12 364 Erie, 90 454 90 Cleveland, - * - 104 558 194 Detroit, - - - 135 693 329 Detroit, TABLES. 45 Distances between Albany and Bvffalo. From Buffalo. 364 357 334 317 3U7 276 269 254 239 211 202 193 159 139 124 95 75 60 31 12 90 194 329 BY RAIL-ROAD. Place NAMES OF PLACES. lo IMacc From Albany. From Buffalo. Albany, 325 Schenectady, - 16 16 309 Utica, 77 93 232 Syracuse, 53 146 179 Auburn, 26 172 153 Rochester, 79 251 74 Attica, 43 294 31 ButFalo, 31 325 Distances betioeen Albany and Boston, BY RAIL-ROAD. Place NAMES OF PLACES. lo From From Place Albany . Boston. Albany, 200 West Stockbridge, 38 38 162 Pittsfield, 11 49 151 Springfield, 53 102 98 Worcester, Boston, 54 156 44 44 200 -*. ^ '. 46 TABLES. ' i-!'' i ^- N U -J lit Distances between Burlington and Boston. NAMES OF PLACES. By way ofMontpelier, Concord by stage, ■i ■ ■*■ Burlington, Richmond Waterbury Montpelier Barre Chelsea Strafford Norwich Hanover Enfield Wilmot Salisbury Concord Nashua Lowell Boston By way of Rutland ^ Keene. Burlington Charlotte Vergennes Middlebury Brandon Rutland Bellows Falls Keene Boston u (( (( 11 tc cc i( (( t( t( railroad, Placel From &.C. Burling. by Stage, (( C( C( C( cc cc cc cc 13 13 12 6 16 10 11 I 13 13 14 10 36 15 25 11 10 12 17 16 50 14 80 13 26 38 44 60 70 81 82 95 108 122 132 168 183 203 11 21 33 50 66 116 130 210 From Boston. 208 195 182 170 164 148 138 127 126 113 100 86 76 40 25 210 199 189 177 160 144 94 80 TABLES. 47 Distances between Burlington and Portland. 3m ) \ ) { ) ) 1 I * ) ) J 1 From Boston. 208 195 182 ' 170 164 148 138 127 126 113 100 86 76 40 25 210 199 189 177 160 144 94 80 NAMES OF PLACES. Place to PI From Burling. Portland Burl incr ton 214 Montp«?lier 38 38 176 Danville 28 66 148 Littleton 22 88 126 Notch 18 106 108 Conway . 28 134 80 Portland . . ' 80 214 Distances from Burling- Burlington to Stansteadj ton to Montreal , by stage. and Sherbooke, Burlington, to via Irasburgh. Milton 13 13 Burlington to St. Albans 13 26 Johnson 37 37 High gate 9 35 Craftsbury 24 61 Phillipsburgh 9 44 Irasburgh 12 73 St. Johns 24 68 Stanstead 15 88 Montreal 23 91 Hatley 15 103 Sherbrooke 17 120 From Burlington to Stan- steady Canada East. via Montpeh Montpelier icr. 38 38 Burlington to Hardwick 25 63 Cnmbridge 25 Barton 15 78 Johnson 12 37 Stanstead 20 98 Troy 26 63 Hatley 15 113 St an stead 20 83 Sherbrooke, 17 130 Ml u I I'll lid! 48 TABLES. Distances between Montreal and Quebec. PJace NAMES OF PLACES. to PJace From Montr'J. From Quebec. Montreal, by steamboat, 180 Varennes, ** 15 15 165 William Henn " 30 45 135 Port St. Francis, " 38 83 97 Three Rivers, " 7 90 90 St. Anne, " 25 115 65 Richelieu Rapids, " 20 135 45 Cape Sante, " 15 150 30 Cape Rouge, " 22 172 8 Quebec, •' 8 180 Distances h' ^en Montreal 4* Niagara Falls, Place From From NAMES ^i rLACES. Montr'l. Nig.F. Montreal, - . - 412 Lacliine, by stage. 9 9 433 Cascades, by steamboat. 24 33 409 Coteau du Lac, by stage, 16 49 393 Cornwall, by steamboat. 41 90 352 Dickinson's landing, canal, 12 102 340 Prescott, &c. by steamboat, 38 140 302 Brockville, " - - 12 152 290 Kingston, " - - 60 212 230 Cobourg, " - - 110 322 120 Toronto, « 70 392 50 Niagara Falls, by steam, &c 50 442 Am \\ : Jlf'^''! Que bee. From From ontr'J. Quebec. 180 15 165 45 135 83 97 90 90 15 65 35 45 50 30 72 8 80 "fara Falls. "rom From >ntr'J. Nig.F. 412 9 433 33 409 i9 393 )0 352 )2 340 10 302 )2 290 2 230 12 120 }2 50 12