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Mapa, platea, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratloa. Thoae too large to be entirely included in one expoaure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, aa many framea aa required. The following diagrama illustrate the method: Lea cartea, planchea. tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmie i dee taux de rMuetion diffirenta. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour itre reproduit en un aaul clichi, 11 eat filmA i partir de Tangle aupAriaur gauche, de gauche k droite, et de haut en baa, an prertant le nombre dimagea niceaaaire. Lea diagrammea auivanta illustrent la mAthoda. ■ 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 "taocon NMuinoN tbt omrt (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) I.I Itt Iti Vi is ^ 1^ |20 1£ i^l^ft 1.6 A lew Eoit Main Slf«l ("« 2aa - JM9 - F„ DOMINION OF CANADA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BXPBRIMENTAL FARMS DIVISION OF CEREAIA SUMMARY OF RESULTS CEREALS 1914= PnrABiD IT CHAS. E. SAUNDERS, Ph. D. AMB ram SUPBRINTSNDENTS OF THE BRANCH EXPERIMENTAL FARMS AND STATIONS BULLETIN No. 81 ' ' y dirMtion of Hon. MARTIN BURRELL, Minittor of Agriculturo, OtUwa, Ont. 630.1 021? Exp. Farms Service Bui. fMMg1P;f-" »w«»»^-' DOMINION OF CANADA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXPERIMENTAL FARMH DIVISION OF CEREALS , SUMMARY OF RESULTS CEREALS i»l4 Prkpaheo bt CHAS. E. SAUNDERS, Ph. D. Dominion Cfrtalirl AND Till SUPERINTENDENTS OF THE BRANCH EXPERIMENTAL FARMS AND STATIONS BULLETIN No. 81 Publiahad by direction of Hon. MARTIN BURRELL, Ministor of Agriculture, Ottawa, Ont Ottaw*. Jniiuury 4, 1»1». Th» Iloiioiinililc, The .Miiii«t»T n( Aifrifiiltiire, . Ctfuvvn. SiK,— I have tlif hiiiioiir to mil.iiiil licivwith Bulletin No. '"1 ..f tlio rrviilur Kcrif*. «iititlml, " Division of Cereals: Suninmry of UobuIU. 1014." The biillititis in«ueil Li-t year giving u suinnuir.y of the rentiltit nit wciir.il Imni crop produttiii,, Held lAiieriinentuI work and hortietilture in 10i:i. getMncd t<> be warmly weloomod Ly our I'uuu.Jiim fnrtnerc It hn« nceordinuly been deemed ndvimiblo to now ia^uc Fiinilnr bulletin* dealiiiK with the s of 1014. The detaiU of the work will, of ecnr-*-, rj)! ear :n the .P'lual report whieb will U' prepared at the end of the fltwnl .vear. Monh Jl, 1016. The plan followed in compiling theite erop bulletinn i« niniilur to tlmt now being . piimiied in the prepamtion of the nnnnal report. The introdiietory matter and th» aeenunt of the oxperinii iit:4 on the Ontnd Farm are prepared by the Dominion ofllcor having rluirRe of this liriinrh fif the work, in thin enno the Doniininn ("eronlii-t. The data from the vnrioiii braneh Farms and Stations lire supplied by the offier rs in iharire. It is hoped that the Ciindian fanner may be material . aided by theM Nummaries of rwult* and the reeotnmendations bated thereon. These will, it in hoped, reach him in time for him to profit by them in 1015. I have the honour to Im', nir, Your obedient servant, J. H ijUISDAfP. Director, JJomin i Kxperim' :tlal #'•»«». r2736— IJ TABLE OP OONTBNTS Pahs Ti«tt«r of TnkDRmitlal S Varletie* of nraiii, Xolro ou 6 K.le of 8«h1 G.aln « Kacumnicnded VRrii^litt of Grniti ( !«ntriil Farm, Ottawa, Out 8 llwrlottetowii, P.E.I 10 Fredericton, N.B U Nappaii, N.8 18 Kcotville, M.R 14 8t0. Anne lie U Poontirrc, Que 16 Cap Rouge, Que 16 Brandon, Man 18 Indian Head, Satk 1» Roithern, S«»k 29 Scott, Sack 84 LethbridKi'. Alta 26 I.«oombe, 01t« 27 Hubntations : Orouiird, AUterta 2« Fort Vermilion, Allx-rta 28 Invcnncre. B.C 29 Agasniz, h.C 21) Sidney, B.C 81 DIVISION OF CEREALS. SUMMARY OF RESULTS, )\4. CiiM. E. Rai MKiw, B.A., Ph.D.. I>oMifiioN Cuii^t.i»T . AMD TIIR SrVKHIN TKNDBNn ft TIIR BmNCH V ^hiMKNTAL FaBMI AMD STATtoKfi NOTES ON I^r^OHTANT VAHfKTrKS OF GRAIN. PIONKIII WMfiAT. The iiomI vf ■ vi>ry rnrly ript-niiiK vuririy of wlki'ut <-ii|niI)1c uf pnuluvinR rtraw of fair kiiKth when gruwn in ruthcr dry diiitrii-tH huit led tu tliu introductimi uf Pioncor. Whili> thi» Tarietv may nut provu eutintly itutii*fu<-t<)ry in all vnno*. it can Im> iitafiileutly revoiniiuMided as the only wheat, available to the puhlif, which ha« the ciimlitiea of aood apiMtirancr, exceptional hardiiOM and high weiifht per hushel, rxcrlhMit bnkinc Htrength of the fluur and RikhI yield, coinbiiiml with exceptional earlini-'*-) and fair ability to rcsint ilroiiifht and to produce straw of inmlcrate lenirtb evfi. iii'li-r dry con- ditloiiM. It is rci'oiinrended for trial in loealiticpt whcrn Marquix wheat cannot l«e dc|icMilci| on to rlrieii before frost, and where the rainfall is not miflk-ient to ensure •iiici-i-HH with Prelude. I'ioiii'er is a m'lection from the proirony of a cross made in 1003 by the Dominion <'er.uli»t lietwee KiRa and Preston wheats. In earlinesa the new Toriety stands oetwifii the tw> -cius. or it may be des.^ribed as ripening olmut midwoy between Prelude and Mi is. Pioneer I . bearde<' (|uitn strong enough for the districts for which it is recommended. I'ioii.i • li«' lid nut Ik- sown in any locality where the tendency t» towards long straw. Unde' -i. i-onditions the straw of this variety would probably Ik) too long and weak. Kurth.ri m c l'ioiic<'r is liable to rust and other diseoxcH in moderately moist climutcrt. The kernels of Pioneer arc red and of exceptional hardness and high weight i>er burihel. The (lour obtained from it is of excellent colour and very hi((h baking strength. AUINDV.VLK 0.\l«. In paot years Abundii;i''e nnt« tmve been rcconnnendcd os abou* eqiral in value to the old Htantlard bort, Uaiimr. Without endorsing any of the re.inarkiilile claims that have been made in fovour of Abundance, it must be admitted that it lla^ shown itself a very good voriety. But after careful tests for several years on a number of farms, enough evidence has been accumulated to show that in spite of its i xcellcnt qualities this oat is not superior in any ixjiiit to Banner, and is indeed sually a little inferior to it. The so-called " Itegenerated Abundance " has not sin n any material differ- ence f ' im the older stock. In n>y opinion. .Xbiiiidance has iv been suffii-iently tested and may safely bo dropped in favour of its great rival. Banner. A new variety which cnnnot s-liow nt Icust ono point of decided excellenee over the beet of the old eorts ha« no just claim for nvojrnition. SALK OF SEED GRAIN. The Dominion Corealist will be glad to furnish information, as far as possible, to intending punhntiors of seed prain, as to the nearest toiirce of supply for good seed, iieedsmen and farmers in any part of Canada having Hoed grain for sale are advised to send their niiiHcs. with a statement as to (juantitiea, etc., and samples of the seed offered, to the Dominion Cerealist. Most of the brunch Experimental Farms have seed grain for sale, usually in limited quantity. Th#e is also, frcciucutly. a small surplus of seed at Ottawa after the free distribution has been finii*hed, which is available for sale. RECOMMENDED VARIETIE.S OF GRAIN MAltlTIME PROMNCE8. S firing wheat— Red Fife and White Fife are old, standard sorts, which arc in the highest class for bread-making. They are, however, surpassed in earliness and yield, as a rule, by some of the new varieties. Early Red Fife and Marquis are new, cail.v-niaturing wheats worthy of trial. They are in the same class as Red Fife for bread-niaking. Huron is an early, productive, vigorous surt. It is bearded. White Russian also gives good yields, but is not of early-ripening habit. The two varieties last mentioned (espe<'ially White Russian) are of lower strength for bread-making than the others. Oaf«.— Among the best standard ^ort.s n\ii.> lie mentioned Banner and Ligowo. These are white oats. Ligowo usually rij)ens Ix-foro Banner, but is somewhat less productive. The black varieties usually give smaller yields than Banner. If a very early oat is desired, Daubeney or Eighty Day may prove satisfactory. BarZei/.— ^lanchurian, a selection from Mcnsury, and Ontario Agricultural College Ko. 21, a selection from Mandscheuri, are two strains of si.x-row barley which have recently been introduced and are superseding the other sorts from which they are derived. Among the two-row varieties. Duckbill, Qoldthorpe, Canadian Thorpe and Swedish Chevalier may be mentioned as good standard sorts. P(d.s\— Arthur is particularly recommended for earliness and yield. Otlicr good sorts are Golden Vine (small), White Marrowfat (large) and Prussian Blue. QUEBEC >\^> r>.\TAKIO. Spring wheat.— Bed Fife and White Fife are good standard sorts but rather late in ripeiiiiic for northern localities. Huron, .Marquis and Early Red Fife are earlier in ripening. All the varieties nientionotl are good for bread-making, but Huron is not equal in this respect to the others. It is, however, particularly vigorous and pi-oductive, and is hijrhly reeonunended. In extreme northern districts, Prelude will be found valuable if the soil is fairly rich and the rainfall sufficient. In snutliersi Oiitjtrio, the very lato variety. Blue Stem, gives good results. It is rather more resistant to drought than most sorts. Goose wheat is useful in extremely dry localities, though the price of thi^ variety is often quite low, as it is not used for bread-makiug. Eubaiiloi, closely resembling OooM, makes excellent bread, but it is 80 different from ordinary wheats that millers object to grinding it. flnosc i« usually more productive than Kubanka. Oats. — Banner and Ligowo ore two of the best sorts. Ligowo is slightly earlier in ripening, but less productive. Daubeney and Eighty Day may be used where extreme enrliness is desired. Barlei/. — Manchurian and Ontario Agricultural College No. 21 are recommended among the six-row sorts. Duckbill, Canadian Thorpe and the best strains of Chevalier are recommended among the two-row sorts. No varieties of beardless or hulli«s barley can be recommended. Success (beard- less) is of very early-ripening habit. Peas. — Among yellow peas, Arthur is most highly recommended for earlinoss nnd productivcnes.s. Golden Vine, Chancellor and White Marrowfat are also good ports. Prussian Blue, Wisconsin Blue and English Grey are good coloured peas. MANITOBA. Spring wheat. — Red Fife and Marquis for most locnlitics. Mnniuig is especially desirable in districts where early frosts are feared; but its rather .sliort straw is a dis- advantage in dry districts. In such localities, it should only l>e sown on summer-fal- lowed laud. Prelude is worthy of a trial wherever Marquis produces rather too long straw and ripens too late. Oa^f.— Baimer and Ligowo are among the best. Daubeney Selected or Kighty Day may be used if it is essential to have an extremely early sort. Barley. — Manchurian and Ontario Agricultural College No. 21 are recommended. If a two-row type is desired for any special purjwse, Canadian Thorixs Duckbill or Early Chevnlier should be tried. Peax. — Arthur, Cliancellor and Golden Vine are among the best yellow sorts. English Grey and Prussian Blue are among the best coloured varieties. SASKATCHEWAN. Spring wheat. — Marquis, Red Fife, Early Red Fife, Prelude and Pioneer should be considered. Marquis is the moat productive. If marquis proves too short in the straw, Red Fife or Early Red Fife should be grown. If Marquis grows too rank and is too late in ripening, Prelude will be found very valuable. For dry districts where earliness in ripening is very important Pioneer is recomniendixl. Oats, harley, peas. — See Manitoba list. ALBERTA. Winter Wheat. — Kharkov and Turkey Red. These two sorts are essentially the sumo in most resi)ects, but Khiirkov has shown greater productiveness in some tests. In districts where winter wheat has not been fully tested, farmers arc :i(lvi?cd to sow only very small areas of it at first. H^pring Wheat. — Red Fife is jierhape the best sort for .some ol' the diy areas to- wards the south, but wherever tliere is sufficient rainfall, Muniiiis i^hould Ir' tried. If early-maturing varieties with longer straw than Maniuis iirc csscntisil. Huron and Early Red Fife are suggested for test. For all districts where the tendency is towards the production of excessively long straw and nhcre a very early-riponing wheat i* required. Prilmlt' is unquestionobly the b(«t variety known. For dry districts where exceptional earliness is needed Pioneer is the most likely variety to give satisfuction. Oaf«.— Banner and Lifrowo are recommended where rather long straw ii required. Ligowo is rather corly in ripening. Daubeney and Eighty Day (or the common commercial sort Orloff) should be tried wherever extreme earliness is required, provided the olimutc is not very dry. These oats produce short straw and rather small kernels. i?aWe//.— Manchurian and Ontario Agricultural College Xo. 21 are recommended six-row sorts. If two-row viirieties are desired, Canadian Thorpe, Duckbill and Early Chevalier mn.v be tested. I'eas.—Jf it is desired to secure ripe grain, Arthur is probably the best sort on aocoiiiit of its cnrly-ripening habit. For KfowiiiK with oats, to be cut green, Prussian Blue, Golden Vine, Chancellor and EnRlish Grey are advised. BBITISH COLUMBIA. Owing to the varied climates of this province, only a few general suggestions ns to varieties enn be made. Wiuler wheat. — Kharkov or Turkey Red (especially where the winter is dry), Egyptian Amber, Dawson's Golden ChaflF. The latter is intended for pastry or biscuit flour. Spring wheal. — Red Fife, Marquis and Huron are among the best. Oats. — Banner, Ligowo. For very short seasons with fair rainfall, Daubeney and Eighty Day. Barley. — Manchurian, Odessa, and Ontario Agricultural College No. 21 are reconi- nu'nded six-row sorts. Swediiih Chevalier, Early Chevalier and Canadian Thorpe are good two-row H>rts. Pens.- Arthur fcencted is ri' "tnmended wherever an carly-riix!ning sort is needed. Clianocllor, Golat obtained were Rood, reaching as high as 4S busheh per aere in the cii^o of two of the new cross-bred varieties not yet named. The highest yield from any named variety was obtained fmm a new, beardless selection of Yellow Cross. This stood 25fh on the list and (nivo H.'i)! bushfls. The next named sorts were White Russian and Pringle's Champlain, both of which gave 33} bushels. .Prelude gave 27 bushels and ripened 22 days before White Ru$>sian. Bourgoyne's Fife, a new English variety, stood 140th on the list, with a yield of lOJ bushels per acre. It ripened 28 days later than Prelude. E.MMER AND SPELT. Several varieties of Emnier and Sp«'lt liave been tested for a series of years. Common Eninior (which often goes by the incorrect name of "Speltz"), Red Emmer and Smooth Spelt uppciir to be the most productive sorts. On the whole, these grains have not shown any odvantuires, for this district, over the best sorts of wheat, oata and barley. The cultivation of Emmer or Spelt, under ordinary conditions of fanning, is not advised. OATS. Sixty-seven varieties of oats were sown this season in the regular test plots. The dates of sowing were from the 13th to the 15th of May. The seed was used at the rate of about two bushels per acre, except when the oats were unusually large, when about one-fourth or c ic-half as much seed again was used. ' The largest yield this season, from any named variety, was 75 bushels 30 pounds per acre from Victory. The first variety to be cut was Eighty Day, v^hich ripened on July 28, only 75 days from the date of sowing. The excessive drought was particularly unfavourable to early varieties. Eighty Day only gave a little over 43 bushels per acre. BARLEY. Owing to shortage of land, the regular variety tests of barley could not be made this season. SPRING RYE Two strains of spring rye were under test. They were sown on May 19 and ripened Au -st 19. The higher yield, 35 bushels and 50 pounds was given by Ottawa Select, whii has also given the higher yield, taking the average of the past seven years. FIELD PEAS. Forty-one plots of field peas were sown on the 12th and 13th of May. The seed was used at the rate of about two bushels per acre in the case of small peas and three bushels when the peas were large. The extremely dry weather caused considerable irregularity in the yield". Arthur Selected, which is one of the best sorts, did not give good returns tliis y( r, as the plot was in an unfortunate position. Pruwian Blue gave the best yield, of all the varieties available to the public. Prussian Blue and Arthur showed the highest weight jht bushel, 00 pounds. BEANS. Five varieties of bcuus, intended for use in the form of the ripe seed, were sown on May 20. The highest yield obtained was from Norwegian Brown Selected. This was ripe on September 1 and produced seed at the rate of 51 bushels per acre. The dark colour of these beans would no doubt be a very serious disadvantage in com- merce. The white variety which gave the best yield tiiis season, California Pea, ripened on September 5 and produced 32 J bushels pi'r acre. 7273C— 2 10 FLAX. Many interestiiis selected atraiua of flax are being tested. The experimenta have tiot yet been carried on long enough to enable one to drarw definite concluiions aa to which are the best sorts. One of the new aelectiona, called Novelty, atanda at the head of the list this year, with a yifeld at the rate of a little over 16 bushels per aero. The sciwon was very unfavourable for flax, as the germination of the seed was seriously retarded by the drought. EZFEBIMENTAL 8TATI0H, CHABLOTTETOWH, PBIHCE EDWABD ISIAITD. J. A. Clarke, B.S.A., Superintendent. SEASONAL NOTES. The season of 1914 was most favourable for the growth of cpreuls in Prince Jidward Island. The ground was well covered with snow during most ol the previou.s winter. The weather was remarkably mild throughout the most of March. The first week of Apnl was cold and the weather remained backward during the whole montli, and the first two weeks of May, there being quite a iieavy snowfall on .May 11. The last half of May was very favourable for work and for plant growth. Seeding .ommencd ^ on May 18. Owing to frequent showers, cold nighte, and the absence of any really hot days, vegetation remained very backward during June. Hoar-frost occurred the night of July 1, This was foil )wcd by very favourable weather for the growing crops during July and August. The grain though very late ripened well the last of August and the first week in September. Dauboney oats were cut August 20, but cut- ting did not become general until the close of the montli. September was the harvest month and the weather was all that could be desired. The season has been the most favourable since 1910 for cereals and the crops in general have quite equalled that banner year. Certain areas included in the three-year rotation coniinencod in 1913 on the land «vailable for uniform test plots of cereals were found to be unsatisfactory and were cut out. These will be used for multiplying plots and for decoying birds away from the test areas. Owing to this rearrangement it becnnie neccssnry to adopt a four-year rotation as follows : roots, wheat and barley plots, clover, oat plots, in order to get room for the cereals that we thought should be tested. Two-thirds of the area devoted to oat plots were badly infested with couch grass which caused low returns from some of the most promising sorts. The system of duplicate plots was conticjed. UNIFORM TEST PLOTS OF CEREALS. The spring wheat was sown May 20, the oats May 22, and the barley on May 30, quite a little later than average sowings. Paths and plots were sown with grasses and clovers. The plots were rogued carefully and the loose smut of wheat removed by hand, every precaution being taken to keep the different sorts of grain up to the highest standard of purity. Formalin was used as as a fungicide for bunt (stinking smut) and the loose smuts of oats and barley with satisfactory results. The grain grew verj- strong. There was considerable rust observed and many of the varieties of oats lodged badly. Great numbers of plant lice were observed. On August 13 it became iipre is a liniitcd supply of a few of the best sorts available to purchasers who wish to grow pure seed and who will agree to keep it pure and report to this Station the results at the close of the sen^on. CO-OPERATIVE TEST PLOTS OF THREE VARIETIES OF OATS. The eo-operatlvo tost of oats begun in duplicate in 1912 was continued. The varieties used were Banner, Old Island Black and Ligowo. The .seed was supplied by the station and tiic arain w.is thresl.ofl. graded and weighed Iiere. The results given are average of 2() plots of each variety. Plots have been grown in eight localities. .WEUAliE yiKl.l) I'KII ACKF. FOF« THItEB YEAHS. Liffowu. 52 Lbs. 24 From the above data it will be seen that Banner has been more productive in Kings and Queetis counties than the other two sorts, whidi roi.riscnt other tyi.cs. It has produced 7 bushels and 10 pounds more grain per acre th:in Old Ish\nd Black and'9 bushels and .31 pounds more grain per aero than Liirown diirinjr the throe years" test. Banner has gradually won out in popularity over the Old Island Black oats in this province, even though the Old Island Black has still the advantage of 2 cents per bushel in most '' llaritimc'' market.', over any wliite oats. 72736— 2i It EXPESnailTAI RATIOH, ntEDERICTOV, 11.1. W. W. Hnbbwd, Superintendent WEATHER OOXDITIONS. The winter was colder than the overage, with spells of intense cold almost nn|>re- cedented: the average mean temperature for January, February, and Uarch was 15-6 degrees against an average for the last forty years for these months of 18 degrees. There was, howrver, boKinuing on the 24t' December a nice even blanket of snow; and frost did not penetrate as deeply as in more open winters. The snowfall wns not above the average, on the whole. April was a cold and backward month with a below- lero record of — 3-5 degrees on the 6th, cold high winds and with a precipitation of 4-54 inches, nearly twice the average for the month. May continued cold and windy with a minimum record on the 1st of 24 degrees, and frost on the 2nd, 6th, 7th, 8th, 12th, 13th and 29th. There were some warm days, the thermometer reaching 8ft degrees on the 26th. There was only one-third c' the normal precipitation that month and conditions were most favourable for cultivation. Vegetation was ver>- backward, and cold, backward weather continued through June and up till the 22nst for flour, and many farmers use it for poultry in prefcrenei' fo the other sorts. FIELD CROPS OF SEED (iRAIN. About 12 acres were sown to wheat, oats and hurley. All seed thus grown will be hand-picked and thoroughly cleaned during the winter and will be for sale ill small quantities of from 2 .to 3 bushels to each farmer at reasonable prices. Great care is taken to insure goo's seed of high quality and true to tyiio. The followinK table gives the results obtained from the fields: — a-;:; Wheat-Red Fife |May j —Huron (bearded) Oats - I.igowi 1 — Abimduffce [ — RinnHr [Barley — .Mancliiirittn — Fr. Chevalifr June 22. '-"i 23. 3 3 Bunh. Lba. Sept. 21 . 10 . 10. . 13. , 13 . 17. . U. 53 41 15K i.ir 142 M 64 30 20 22 17 28 Bush. Lbo. 36 27 62 68 71 .53 61 40 17 28 With our plot grain, taking last year as a standard, and countiug it as 100, this year's crops figured on a percentage basis .stand at 118.3. EXPERIMENTAL STATION, KEN'iVILIE, N.S. W. S. Blair, Superintendent, April was cold and backward. The rainfall during May was light. Cool, cloudy days, however, with no warm drying winds during the first half tif Afar kept the land wet, and, except on very dry places, land was not fit to work until the ICth. From this date to the end of the month the weather wa.s tine and dry for .«rcding. The first seed- ing was done on the 20th. The temperature diiriiij? June was silightly Mow normal. There was a light frost on June 4. which wa* nimli more severe at other points in the valley than at this station, however, no injury to jrnin was reported. Fnrly-ccK'dcd t8 barley showed a xliicht yellowing eridentljr due to low temperature but it recovered ^>ward the latter pert of June. Prwipitation wan ample, 4.2 inrhci of rain haviiiff fal- len duritiK the month. July wa* aluo cool being about 1 drgree lower than the average nwuri. Thi! month wo« cxcct-dingly dry at this station only l.tS inrhea of ruin having fullon. Thero was much more rain in other part* of the id showern niiikitig a total rainfall of 2 '58 int'hiis. The mean t^-inixTnturo wus nlx>uf 1 decree Iwlow the nvcriijfo. During the first week of SeptemliiT we liiid frwiucnt lioiivy sliowers wliirli made it ilitHi-ult to properly dry the grain wliicii wan cut at tliit time After this, Imwever, llie linrvest weather for lute grain was fine. The season throughout favoured oereul <'riiti 18 23 5 WINTER RYE. A piece of ground was seeded to winter rye SeptemlK-r li, 1913. Tiie land was m grain in 1913 and was cleared from .^^ump.? in 1911 and 1U12. Ten tun- of manure were spread on the land in the fall of .91;i, after which it wixs ploughed, well worked down and seeded. The crop was harvested August 7. and yielded 23 bushels per acre. The growth of straw was 54 inches. nninaoTAL ratioi, m. Amn oi u pooAiiiix. qui. JtMpk ItfiB, Np«riateB4««t It hut bt-en impuniiible, thud far, to it«rt • regular Mrioa of •iiiwrimontal plota of pcroali, but the purchaie and preparation of additional land will make it powiblo to undertake such experiment! on a luitable acale in the nrar future. It i* pro|io«ed to have a seriaa of test plot* of whpot, out*, bnrloy, peaii, etc., and al»o to grow n few of the lM>Ht yarietiea in a larirer way. This aeaaon (oven of thi^ nioi-t promi^tinR kind* of grain for thi* district weru tMted on r>omcwhat irrcKiiIar piere* of hind. The following table give* the rcRiih* of the teittf. All the varictie* were nowu on Juno i, fiftjeu pound* of seed Iwing used in each case. Namr lit VarirtT. Huron whM>t MarqoH wheat. I( 8tnw, Ri|it'ning. M*turin|i. invludinR livad. Sept. U 10, . 12 101 ,. 10 100 H 98 Aug. 28 88 20 79 Sept. 10 100 Inobe*. •4 «S SI ss 38 as 34 \v(:n|n) [ YifW linmth I ul of Ht*d. (irain. Inoha*. I a 6 6 aa S'l >' Lb*. va 301 170 145 3IW 348 re In order to determine the action and value of " Furmogenn" (nitrogen gathering bacteria), one-half of the plot of Arthur ptms was sown with scud which had been treated with this subittanoe. The other half wax sown with untreated a<^xl. rnfor- tunately no definite conclusions ran be drawn from the experiment, as the lower portion of the plot where the trcutt-d sitMt wus sown was on a steep slope and was considerably damaged by water. Them Hppc>ared, however, to be some advantage from the treatment of the seed. EXPEBIMENTAI STATION FOB CENTRAL QUEBEC, CAP BOUOE, QUE. Out. langelier. Superintendent. TlIK SKASON. Till' spring of VtH was nn aviTOgo nin' fi^r I'lirliiicss. ii'iii all tlie irraiii was sown on the trial plots l>y May li>. From that itp until the end of the month, there waa just fnniiirli prtcipitation to in-urc gooil (rx'iniiuation. Thoii^jh .luni' 'ested. VARIETY TESTS OF CEKEAI.S. The trial plots of cereals come in a regular rotation of hoed crops, grnin And clover. Manure, at the rate of twenty tons to the acre, is ulwa.vs applied on the crop preceding the cereals. The ground chosen for the variety tests though not very fertile is fairly uniform, which is a matter of much more importance. It is a sandy loam with a subsoil of shale at about eightee, inches. This piece of land was ploughed in IT OctoUr, 1913; Uurini: U>«r tpriiit of 1914 it wai double-cliMwd twit*, bamwcd, roll<-K'iu'«, wiia rut b.r hand, thifidiml with • ape<-ul mai'hiiin uml clMMd with t*->' fuming mill. Each variety wan grown iit tri|4icttte, • plan whi<')i tliminate* h xrciit number of t-rrorf dur tn irrrviilnritic^ nf toil and which alm> 1ih< tha advantage of giving a grrtiter number of trial* each year t" calculate averiiiox from. None of the grain lodgMl. Sl'RI NO WHEAT. Four variMien worr tr»t«l : Kurl.v Ui-J Fife, hiiroii, Marqui*, and R«l Fife. Tlw uverjge yield wa« W>i \\». iwr ivro, and tlie uveniK^ number ot diyii reiiuired t'> conie to maturity whk !•^. llurou wa« the highmt .viebler «itli l.f.io '.b« per acre, uiil nok 00 days to come U) maturity Maniui* nai the tift remly to cut, 0(1 diiy* ii'lir it Wat town, and yieldwl 4W lb*, ikt oer«'. Tlie 6v<'riijt<'. for four year*, pliieen Hnrnn at the head, with l,r>S5 lb*, per ocre, and it i» the variety which «eemi to do hi* t ^i Cuntral Quebec. The quantity of »pet yielder with 2,200 lbs per acre, and took bS dayi to corie to maturity. Eighty Duy wna the tint ready to cut, 78 dayi afler it wat town, and yielded 1,600 ibt. per air«'. The avorhze, for four yean, placet Banner at fhe lieod, with ■J,.'JT3 Ibt. per acre, iniii it it the variety rhicli it ttroniriy reeoninicndcd to furuier^ of thi« dittrict. The ijunntity of teed uted per acre wiu- i\ bushels. PEAS. Four varieties were tetted; Arthur Selected, Englith Orey, Golden Vine, and Pruttian Blue. The average yield was 1,172 Ibt. per acre, and the average number of duyt required to come to maturity wmh 93. Arthur Selected waa the highest yielder with 1,200 Ibt. per aere, and took 01 day« to mature. Contrary to expe^-tu- liont. Golden Vine wat the first ready to cut, maturing HO days after it waa sown, and yielding 1,180 lbs. per acre. The average, for four yean, places Arthur Selected lit the lieail. witii lMO«. wr ■»«. ArtlMif SoIptM r«tt 1.B07 IS., or W kn.h. IT Ibi. pw •rr*. Miin.'hurl.n B^rlry I.OtB lb* or fl bo.h. 7 lb*, pw aerA liutmer Oflt« j.iso Ibi. or M hu«h. H Ibt. p«r arr*. P»rt of tho aboT^ U M-nt to Ottawa for dUtributlon to formort. aad tha rematndor. In ao far an it i« not r«>.|iiirrd for iim on thi« farm. .11 bo f,* aalt* at th* followin* ["T; "l'..;!' ''"■ ''"'' """«•= *^'*'' •'•'^ «*' •»»•''••' "' •■'^ '»»■•! karW. »t.«n prr l.ii.lH"! of 4H lb«.: whrat. $I.7« prr bui.hol of flO lb«.: pcu; W.50 par buahrl of no lb« izmmniTAi paim. BXAirDoir. mahitoba. W. 0. MeKUIioH, B.I.A.. 8ap«rint«nd«nt. THK SEASON. Tho »priii(r of 1014 wnn rather oold and luuikward, »wdinK wiw a little liitur timn •vcrntp. Hiid urowth woi alow nt flrat. Ilowpvor. moinfuro wax plentiful ni.d whon warmth did rome. .rnpa advanood rapidly. By .Iu1.t 1 pw.pcrtii wtte exopllcnt. but Xrom that tiinr. «n unfavoiirnblo ronditiona provailiM. Kxtrcmf lit'at. eombinrd with Jrindo and shortaRo of rain, malo (»ro|Mi mnturo miu-h too fast. Aa a result yii-ld* wen- from twi>-lliird« to thr<-o-<|uarti>.-» of a normal crop. HPIUNO WHKAT. F.Hir namt'd varii-tioa of whost wer' t.-'i.i thin yonr. A* n«unl. Marquis ha« Riven the be»t returna with a yield of M hii»hei« IW Iba. per acre m eompared to 22 bu»hoU nn poundH of Red Fife per acre. Tlie ii..t we., ..er in July wan wpecinlly hard on Kn\ Y ife and Inte ripening cropa. The I.- t-.ve«r averajfe for thoao two vnrietie* i« 42 baaheln M pounds for Marquia. and 37 bushels 2.'I iraunds for Red Fife. The aver- a«re number of da.v* maturing is 105 for MarquiH and HI J for Uo bushels ns i.omids per acre. Twentieth Century is se.-ond with !>3 bushels 10 pounds per acre, t old I{!im. Swedish Select and Victory are the next three and are onlv slightly Tolow tilt leaders. We do not consider that any of the newer varieties have eounllod Banner for general all-purpose use in Manitoba. SIX-ROWED BARLEY. .,.'!''''''*. •'^''^'' """"wl varieties of six-rowed barley were tested this year, and in addition SIX new sorts under numbers were tried out. Mancliurinn. Ur. Saunders' eeIi-.tioii of the old standard variety Mensurj-. has given the liest returns this year 60 bushels 37 pounds per acre. Carton's No. 68 nud O. A. C. No. 21 have also given good results. These three varieties atd bnrli'jr wnrn twttHl ihU ji'ur. Two-n.wi'.l hnrlpjr in not u wpII iiiitpd to Mmiitnhii n« U »ix-rfiw««t ricliliiiif Tnrirty tlii« ynnr. miil Miickiiy tbi» hi«lii>i on tlit* five .vcnr iivcr.iirf. Arthur in lli.- Mrliiiit turii'ty, iind Ht tlii< Nitmi time y'u-UU w\\. V>>r llxwa ri'iiMiii* it i^ rpcuiii- IMtlilod. FLAX. 8«vi>n vnrii'tios of Dux wvm ttwlifl lliii vcnr. Thrt>o new viiri''tii'« nlttuiiird Iruiu tho North Dakota Atrriculturnl ('oll.itf. \. I>. U. No. r.Jt. N. I>. |{. N„. \u au<\ N.I>, R. No. ":i huvp irivHi thi' bpht riwriltM Uirh In .nrlinf^F. miil in |ir..i|,i.li\< ■<. Tti, v ari' ri-ciiitiiiifiKliil ai of ciiitHdiiidiiiK riioril. •Ii.Mimi. h viirift.v imik-Ii liilki><| of in ihf Wwt now. wait tried for tin- flnit time. It wii- n di'timt diinliiii iit, Ih-Iiik lis^lil ill .vicid, very tiliort and lutr. EZPEBIMEITTAL FAKM, IHOIAN HEAD, SASKATCHEWAN. T. J. HftiriiOB, B.S.A., Superintendent, WKATHEK {OiNDinONS. In louthe' i Sankatchewan the aeanon of lOH wax not vcr.v ruvcunilili' tor llm |>ruduction of cereal trope. On tiie nhole the wanon was too liot and lir.v, ruuxinK it very short growth of straw and premature ripfiiinn of the (jraiii. On thi- Jmliau lltati r.xporimcntal Farm wheat needing utartiil on April !.'». Tiie land wn* in ti k.hkI Htaie of tilth and a few wattorod showers cbumkI the early sown wliciit on Hunnm r-tullow to KH the Kcrmirnition wa.-t unevi'n. The Ivw shoA'era in the lattvr part of June caused a conip. July wms very hot and dry and the Krain ri|ienwl too nuickly, nincinK the kernel to be lean d liffht. The I'relude wheat and some of the earlier sorts of oats and barley were nnrvested the latter piirt of .luly and fir^t |»»rt of .\ii>tust. On the niftlit of August 1> the tenijH'rature dropix'd tbret; de({rc»>s U-low friiv.ing. This danniKe gallons of wiiter. The seed is siirinkled by running it through a grain picklcr. The Afferent rarieties are always wwn on a field in which the soil is rery uni- Jorni. To prpvent mixing they are all sown on summer-fallow. Of the four named varieties of wheat t( -ted thin year the Marquis a^ain yielded highest. The Red Fife was \-eiy hght booauM it \vn.i (luite iniiiiature when the frost came. The Prelude again matured earliest tHkiiiK 2:! days less than Red Fife. The table below gives the results ef this year. Vmriety. Dayi Maturing. VWd. Marqiiif RedFif,. .■■■.■..■.■.■.'.■.■.■.■.■.'.■.■.■ Fiunef r Prelude •...".".'"!!'!.'.'!.'!!."!!!.'.'!!.'.'!.'!'■;.' lir. 123 113 99 Biu. LtM. 64 40-40 46-40 31-40 WINTER WHEAT. A small plot of winter wheat was sown on September 6, lOl.i, and was ripe on August 3, 1014. The yield per acre, however, was very unsatisfactory because a large portion of it winter killed. WINTER RYE. Tie winter rjv was sown on September 5, 1913, and was ripe on July 25, 1914. Where this crop was sown on summer-fallow a good yield was obtained but the portion sown on stubble land was very poor. OATS. The young oat plants arc much more tender than spring wheat and are, therefore, »ery easily destroyed by the spring frost. For this reas size of the l>ea. 'i'he small sorts such as the (■olden Vine were sown about J t)u--!Mls per acre, while the large sorts, like the Arthur, arc suwu '.'> l)U>lii'!s. This -casoii the plots were all sown on summer-fallow. The foUowijig is a list of the most promising sorts, and a statement of their yield this year: — Variety. Arthur (fnMi'ti Vine. Solo Days iiiatiiriiiK- 9U 97 Yield. BuK. Lba. 40 4U 28 3H-40 Varieties reconnnenduJ fur Southern Saakutchewua :— Wlii-at: Marquis. Onts: Bnnncr. Barley: O.A.O. No. 21 and Manchuriun. Flux: Preniost. Pens: Arthur. EXPEKIMENTAI STATION, EOSTHEHH, SASK Wm. A. Monro, B.A., B.S.A., Superintendent. THE SEASON. The season of 1914 opened rather slowly, alternate cold and warm .spells of several day. occurrmg from the middle of March. Seeding began on April 23. and the work was cont,nued under favourable auspice. Occasional showers kept the c^ops^r„wir« and ,n thriving condition until early in July, but from then on those on sandy r Ill-prepared land suffered from la.-k of moisture. The rainfall in TuTy of th"s ve was the lowest for the same month since the records of this Station began from Va7toV;;ri£"'"" "^"' "" •"^•'^^ '»' ''''' •'-* ^"- ''--"^ ~ Month. 1911. 1912. 67 2 15 2 81 n 25 23 1913. 2fi 1 2li 18- 3 SO 2 24 1914. April 0H6 238 3. '5 289 U-43 ' May 063 .lune im July... 2 no Auguatl5 1 40 Trt*«la 13 10 11 11 11 9 43 6 12 The yield of all gram was below the average this year. Considering the relative conditions, the yield of wheat on corn ground is higher than that on faHow! aS he f.'.ilnvi'nVfanow ^ following corn is higher than that on wheat ground SPRING WHEAT. Following are the yields per acre of the principal varieties of wheat on ono- M:ilT{iii)4 Ilururi Kiirlv K.kI Fife Pn-lu.lc The average .vield of Marquis wheat on eight .acres of fallow in 1914 was 30 bushel, 4 po'unds • """ ''' "^^"'^'^ '"^ '""'^ ^^"'•^ """" "'^ ■'-- conditionsTsTb^S Tlie avernjre oq six ae loj. of fall plouched (tubble Und in 1914 was 1« busheb < pounds, nnd the nverafre for three years is 20 bushels 14 pounds The average on two acres of corn stubbK following fnllow in 1913, waa 38 busheb 17 pounds, nnd the avernRp for three years is 44 bushels .-..! j.uMnds. It is remarkubh- thnt the yield is higher, and the n.^tinity earlier on corn ground than on fallow. One acre of Prelude wheat sown on May 13 and harvested on August 9 yielded 23 bushels 55 pounds. The wheat was of No. 1 Northern quality and it matured in 87 daji. OATS. The order of merit of oats in point of yield was somewhat changed in 1914 from that of the Hverase f..i four y.-nrs. F.,ll,nvincr .ire the yields of five of th,- loi.li.r' varieties. The plots of 1914 were sown M«y 2:— Variety. Abundance. Banner . i . . . Victory Ligowu . . . , Kighty Day Days maturing. 94 94 92 94 82 Yield 1911. Bus. Lbs. I2.'i-30 131—26 109-14 121— 6 Yield 1912. Bus. Lba. 94-- 4 70-20 83-18 69-14 63-18 Yield 1913. Bus. Ll». 132— .S2 14&-30 143-18 108- 8 102-12 Yield 1914. Bus. Lb*. 77-22 73-18 82-32 HO— 3 78-20 AveM^ci' 4 year'. Ba'.LI<*. 107-22 lOS-l.'i 101- :•■! 94-L'.-| O.A.C. 72, a new variety of oats originated by Prof. Zavitz, of the AgriculfnrMl College at Ouelph and promising well in Ontario, was tried nt this st.ition for th.- first time this year. The yield was higher than tiiat of anv of the other varieties under test, but was the latest of all in inaturiusr, au.l wi- .li.iil,! tluTofore h.-sitato tn rreommend it for Northern Saskntclicwau without further ti-t-. The average yield of Banner oats on fall ploughed stuhhln land was 50 bushels 2 pounds, and the average for three years was 64 bushels 27 pounds. BARLEY. Seventeen varieties were tested on one-fortieth acre plots. The resiilts of six of the leading varieties, sown on May 2, 1914 (and compared with the joars 1911-1912- 1913), are here given: — • Variety. Diiys maturing. Yield 1911. Yirld 1912. Yield 191,3. Yield 1914. AvfT.f.'e yieM 4 years. •O..VC.21 * Maiichurian 94 94 92 94 94 94 Bus. Lb*. 94- 8 98-82 78-16 93-16 80-16 70-40 Bus. Lbs. 67- 4 S6-40 66-32 70-40 61-32 38-16 Bus. Lbs. 73-16 Bus. Lbs. 78-16 i;T-24 77- 4 raj-40 66-42 45-20 Bus. Lb*. 75-35 SwauR Neck 74-8 58-16 07-24 4)i-32 • Black.Tapon 74- 3 Duck Bill 72—16 Beaver 69— 4 60-18 * Six-rowed varieties. • Two acres of O.A.C. 21 on root ground yielded 37 bushels 3.'. lbs. ijer acre in 1914 and an average under^imilar conditions of 4.'i bushels 34 lbs. for. three .vears. ' M PEAS Ten Tarieties were under test ia 1014, but owinf to difBcuItiet in haryeeting and tlircshing, tbe yields are nut tn bo relied upon. Blick-eyed Marrowfat, Pruuian Blue, Paragon and White MarrowfHt nrc all good yiehkrt, but the most natiifactory ia the Arthur Helect- It ia nearly uh high a yielder as any, and is much earlier in maturing. Varieties Recommended for Northern Saikaiehewan. Following are the varieties ret'oinnicnded for Northern Saakatehewan : Wheat Marijiiis (PnOude where exceptionnl earlinr*:' is necessary). Oati Banner, Ahiindiiiice, and Ligowo. Barley O.A.O. 21, Maiithuriim. Feaa Arthur Select. EZPESIMEirTAL STATIOH, SCOTT. SA8X. Milton J. Tinline, B.S.A., Acting Superintendent. WEATHER. The rainfall for the growing period was as follows: April, 1-30 inches; May, 1 Ifi incheb; June, 2-37 inches; July, 1-80 inches; August (16th) -54 inches. Total, 7 22 inches. The summer of 1914 will be recorded as the driest i>i;iS far in the history of this district. The total rainfall for the growing months via* tcrcater than for the corres- ponding period in 1913, but the hot dry winds of July and August sapped the moisture from the soil. The rainfall came in numerous small showers and the moisture seldom penetrated to the root tone of the suffering crops. The hot dry Winds at the time tbe grains were heading out, together with the dry condition of the soil, decreased the yields materially. Notwithstanding the low yields from tbe cereal te«t plots there is a marked similarity in the gradation of yields to the results obtained in previous years. VARIETY TESTS WITH CEREALS. All the tests were carried out on '/4uth acre uniform test plots, chocolate clay loam and wns summer-fallowed in 1913. The soil is a dark SPRING W//EAT. TwelTe varieties of spring wlieot were sown on .\pril 17. at the rate of If bushels of seed per acre. Of the named varieties that have been under test here for three or more yearsi, Marquis inay be most highly reconmiendcd for general use in this district. While Red Fife ha.« an almost ei|ually high' average yield, yet the e;;rlicr maturing Marquis has a considerable advantage in wciglit per bushel of the tlireslien the Station occurred .Vfai ii 17. 'J lis ground fro/.c uj. Icu.ird the latter [nirt of March hut o|iene(l up again ^-h.irtly, ;iii(l sei'diiifr bec;,i .,- j; uci d from April -1. Unfortunately the r.iinf;dl duriujj .\pri!, .May, and until the latii-r part of .Fune was very much less than u^ual. For this enti«o period no soaking r.iiii was experienced, what did come was in tin- form of liuht -liowcr-s that were not stitficitand I'vom seeds when sown. A wet spell dnrini.' the last ten d.ivs of ,June rc-vived thin}fs frcnerally, but the dry, hot July was too severe a strain on plant life and the result was that there wa- a failure of all grain eroji.-, I'Xcept those on -u miner- fallow. T1>e last frofit in the spring occurred ■ on Mty 1* when a temperature* of 8fl •^' wns rcenrded. Tho fir»t fro< nown and carae throiiKh the winter in good shape. Kanaaa Rod and Dawson's Ptoldeii Chaff exceeded Kharkov this ynar in yield per acre by 8 bushels. Sl'ltlXlJ WIIKAT. Fourtt«ii varieties were seeded April 6. The stand secured was thin, the straw of medium length, and maturing was hfstoned, making it difficult to secure data of Viilne regarding the merits of the different varieties. Early Russian, yielding a.l.S bushel* iKjr acre, stood a little ahead of Marquis and Ked Fife. B.MII.KV. Six-rowed: — Six varieties were teHod. The«< were more adveriely affected than the wheats. Odessa, which has proved the l)est for six years, whs again considerably abend in yield. Two-rowed :— The two-rowed varieties did not yield as heavily as the six-rowed varieties. Gold, a new early maturing variety, proved better than any tested previously. Duckbill, a new variety on this fmni, wns affected with smut and came at the foot of the list. PKAS. Peas made only moderate yields. The straw and poils were short. Paragon, which lias been ahead for six years, led in yield again this season by one bushel above any other variety. The smaller varieties, such as the Golden Vine and Chancellor, made a relatively better showing than usual. Oats did not do well. A few heads ripined on each plot early in the summer. The plots were left for the second growth to mature, consequently low yields resulted and no data of value were secured. OTHRH 0RAIN8. One plot each of Winter lye. White spelt and Common emmer made a good showing. Spriiijr rye was thin and almost a failure, wheat were frosted previous to maturity. Golden flax and two varieties of buck- EXPEKIMENTS WITH IRRIGATION. SPBINO WHEAT. Prelude which matured in 106 days w;is seeded April (>th, and yielaei^ .11.25 bushels per acre though sonic shelled on the ground. Martinis, Red Fife, and Pioneer all ripened a week later, their respective yields being 53.7. 47.7, and 42.7 bushels per nnre. BARLKV. Six-rnwed.— Tiipsp varieties made a good showing. Clauile was in the lead with a .vield of 97-5 bushels per acre. Gaiymalaye, a hullcss variety, wime second with ..• biisliels. This variety is well suited for us*^ in a temporary pasture. Two-rowed.— Swedish Chevalier, which, althoiifrh somewhat weak in the straw, is usually the best two-roweJ variety here, gave !t.-..5 bushels per acre. The new variety, Gold, came second with 87 bushels. Duckbill proved liable to .^mut attack aud gave only 6^.!> hiishels. tr OATI. CutwiirnM did diimii«e on the six plot* tinted, And no daU of raluo eouU U »odircKl. Peas made n good showing. Prince and Paragon yielded 82 and 54 buahol* per iif re rospcctivoly. Solo, a new, short-strawed, early maturing variety, gnvo 54 biishela I>or lure. Ten rarieties were tested. ■UCKWIIEAT. Silver Hull and Japanese buckwheat were frosted hcfore they ni.itnred. EXPERIMENTAl STATION FOR CENTRAL ALBERTA. LACOMBE. ALBERTA. 0. H. Hutton, B.S.A., Saperintendent. CHAUACTEU OF SEASON. Till- s«"ediiig nomnn at tlio l.acombe station ojioiic-il iil .ut the middli- of April with tli<' lii::d in (food tilth. .SwdiiiB on plotH conmiomi-d on .Vpril 15. The wiwon of 191 1 wiis iiliiil. pl.Mity of moisture, heat and sunHhiue durfnir tho growiiiif season to en.Mire inn\iinuiM yields. All the varieties were weded on l.lu<'k loam soil, whieh had pr.;- \ j.Mi-l.v Kiown a erop of roots. One-fortietii a're plots witc used in all eases. WIIFAT. Sixteen varieties of wheat were tet^ted in the ^ca.oti of VJU. Sevenil of the.-e ara n"vv and are recorded under number only. S<,nie of tlie minil)ered varieties show cxivp- tio!ial pr niisc and con^parc very favourably with (he older varieties, in (pnilitv and yield. One of them .yielded as high as 73 bushels and .'.0 jxinnds jkt a.-re. Of the staml.ird limned varieties Early Russian, Huron and Uisliop were the hiKlie.-t yielders, while Eiiil.>- Russian is the heaviest yieUler thi.s year, it is not a variety to Ix- reeommonded for till- distriet iH-eauso of its weakness in straw. Prelude, altliouffiit not one of the hijiiie^t .vieldcrs, is a variety that should gain |K)i)nlarity, esioM-ially in those distrii-ta wli.Tc the season is short, beeau.se of its early riin-ninn tieM Mansfield and 0.ie>sa were the U'adinjf sorts, .vi.id- iiii,' us hijjh as sft i)ushels per aere. Tho luKliest yiehling two-rowed varieties' v.. -re Swe>ii.sh Chevalier, Invineible and Cold. Swedish Chevalier riix'iied in I:if, ,l,iys and yielded .<.5 bushels IXT acre. OATS. Twelve varieties of oats wore tested, hein« sown April 10. The leaHii,-- vi.rieties were, lianner, Danish Island and Iri.sh Vietor. These riiiened in l.*57 day- and \ iel.Ied in en. ii ease over li'O bushels per acre, Banner topping tlie vari.-ties with lit; biislu Is. and Hi pounds per aere. Daubeney and Eighty day are ti'.' fvn earliest vari.>lip>. vii>en- ing in about 120 days and yielding 6S bushels por aere. PEAS. Owing to an invasion of eut-worms in tlie early suianicr, th.' te-i plots of peas were totally destro.ved. Several of the Barley plot-- ..irered slitbtl.v from flie invade-. However, with the ai)plie,^tion of Paris gn>>M iind Iran tiieir atta-'k v.:is ./)n ^itMueiL as ■UB-Rinon nr aubeta. 8T. BERN.nT mission. OROUARD. ALBERTA.' ■•./. Bro. lannnt, Exptriaratftlitt. THE SEASON. Tlir «iinimrr ond niitiimn of 1013 w wet that it wm impoMibk to prepan until the 18th of April, when ploughinR ni-(>d. Se^liiK wiw filiiiiliiKi t-arly in Mnj, and a few dayt of w»rni weather eaiiivd the Rraiii to (rerniiii.itc quickly. During the W >r half of May the young planU luifered »oDM>«hat from the violent windi which continued without intemiiMion until the .3rd ««f Juno. On .Tune 4 there cnine a heavy rainstdmi, after which tlie growth of ct>rrnl» wan rapid. Barley bcgHii to head out nt the end of that month. Wheat and oat* were in hca«l by .July 16. RPBIXG WHEAT. Prelude yidilcd 2.'i pounds fmrn 5 poiindu of seed, and wa« ripe on August 20. Thr thrcj-hcd whciit weighs (!•.> pounds to the measured bushel. Earl.v Ked Fife, sown Apiil IIO, on stubble, was ripe August 18. and gave 27 bushels per ni're. Mari|ui». M)Wri May 1. on ntubWe. wii« ripe August 26. and yielded 20-25 bushels per acre. Weight of a measured l)UMliel, 50 pounds. rrr«t(iii. sown May 1, on t-tubble. whs ripe August 2rt. and yielded 28 bushels p<'r •err. OAT.*^. EiRhty Day, sown April SO. was ripe on August 1. The total yield, from 4 pounds of feed, was 45 po\iiidK, and the weight per measured bushel was 27 pounds. AhiiiKhinee was riiw on August Ki. Fuur pounds of seed yielded 40 pounds; and the weight p»r measured bushel waa 35 3 pounds. Uiinncr. sown Miiy i, on stubble, was ripe on August 15. and yielded 45 bushels per acre. BARLEY. Mancburian barley sown on the 2nd of May was ripe on the 10th of August, and yielded at the rate of 4C bushels to the acre. Weight of a measured bushel 44 8 pounds. EXl'KHIMENTAL STATION', FORT VERMILION. ALBERTA. R. Jones, Manaf^er. THE .«iEASON. April opened with roiigli jveuther, but turned tine towards the end of the month Reedi.iji coninieneed on the 3i>tli. May was dry. with considerable wind. June was. SOUK wluit drj\ but there wiis enouKh rain to cause a Kood growth of cereals. Furthei riiius occurred early in July, but the month as a whole was dry anil hot. August was •juitc Wiirm and rath(>r -lnwcry. Harvesting commenced on July i2. SPRING WHEAT. -Vine vnrielies were tested in one-thirtieth acre plots, on hind on which roots had hicn ;;rown the previous year. The seed was sown on April ;J0 inul May 1 nt the Mte of U liiisliels i)er aero. Tiie InVliot yield this year was jiiveu by liishup, at the rate <>i tia bushels to the acre. This variety ripened on August 12. Prelude, the earliest sort, was ripe on August 4, and yielded at the rate of 40 bushels to the acre. 0AT8. Fir* TtriatiM w«ra luwu. TIm itlot* wen oM-thirtieth of an ten. Thm prtvioM vrop was mm. Tlu> •wd wat town on May S and 4 Hi the rate of 9) butheU to th* acre. Thia .vear tbi- higheat yields wen obtained from two very coana Tarietiaa, Kxct'lxior (Itlir-k) nnd Tartar King. The fnnii)>r yielded at the rate of ISO buahalt tu the acre, l.ignwn and Banner .^Ito gave good jrielda. BARLEY. Four rarietioo of tix-row barley and two of two-row were tested thia year in on*- thirtieth acru ploti>, on land on which polutoe* had been grown the previous yvar. The barley wai sown on the tfth and 7th of May. The tint viiriety to ripen woa Sucoesi (beardl<'i>). This wa« cut on July iti, but gave the mnulltHt yield of all the kjndit tested (51 hiiihela 12 pounds per nrre). The two-row iiorta surpii«Mcd the six- ruw this your in .vuld, Cunudiiin Thorpo U-Iiik at the head (6!i bushels 24 poundu per acre). PKA.S. Two Vi liitiei) of peas were sown. Arthur gave good roaulu. It was sown on May and harveMted on AuKust 10, and gi'vi' a crop at the rate of 45 buHhrls per acre. BUCKWHEAT. Two varieties of buckwheat were tested, SilverhuU and Jiipiine»e. Thene were sowu on Miiy 21. The Japanese was quite green when frost uriiirred on .Suptetiibor 7. The SilM::i>ill was ready to cut oii Augu>, and yielded at tiic rate of 4U bushels |)er acre. EXPERIMENTAL STATION, INVESMERE, B.C. Geo. £. Farhtin, Snperiateadent. Arruiigenieiits have Ik-cu completed to commence variety tests of cereals at this ytati'iii next seusiiu, A suitable piece of land has been set apart for this purpose. T'vo prineipiil series of tests will be <'Hrrieil on, in one of which a greater amount uf water will be applied than in the other. These experiments will iinliidc varieties of wheat, oats, barley and pca^. EXPERIMENTAL FARM, AOASSIZ, B.C. P. H. Moore, B.S.A., Superintendent. WKATIIKH. .\pril this year had less than tlirce inches of rain, but .'coding wa- I'uninicnccd iil'tMit ihe some time as usual. The first i-ciKlinK was done on .Vpril In, nnd all plots wcro i-i.wn by I'lc nijjiit of April J_'. May was comparatively dry and bright; June was wet in tlie fore part, and a heavy showir ori'urred on the 27tli. Kroni this shower in .Iinie until tlic n>";iin wa; cut in .Viiiiii-t, tliere was not CiioUfjli rain to settle the dust. licN.w we give a table ^howin? the precipitation, temperatures, etc., during the srowing season. in4. A|)ril. May. June. July. 1 «. Tot»lii. 2 3»- 1143 hn, \ 54 min. 72" 31* 51 66* 3 56" 5 18" 802 hrs 17" '"T'. l.'i' ■Uf, hi.,, 41 hrn.. 11 82' 818 hto., 1 24 min. / sverajf. 82 2= 38 2° ut9r Siinnhinti HiitliiHt tfiiiijeiature Loniat temperature M'aii aiuatbly temp 30- eti-28° l^ nun. 87' 52 91° at min. 3!f r.2 075° lb min. ».° 44 77 ii;' so tlmn^trVj^**" "*■" '■"'^ *r*^ "*""' ""•" '•" «"'■ »••*»•» <•"<. b^ fr..m tbat it'r-?:^!,^:',^"':::"' •"•" ~"" "^ »* •"'^'^- ""*« »«"• — »-»• LANli AND TREATMENT. '"•"'•' ' " "'/''^' •'••«l''-n«t «..t...n of the farm. Tl,i« pier,, of |.„d h.d for mnn, .. .l-wr. In II !;> „ wfl. p„.fur.Mj u„d f„|| pI„„Rho,l: In 101.1 it wh. ,|r.,.«..l .iH. IH t.M. ..f l,.,nv.,r,l umMur,- ..ml .100 pou.,.), „f . h... f..rtili..r (ht ...t... mi.l nl„„t„| to na..K..U. I,. 1I.U .t w«. .prin« pl.n.^l^,). harrowcnl. r..ll,^ Jd ««l «.w„ iL poi uitil th. wIk.I,. »(.|i1.(1 down to ••lover. whi.h .lid „.,t luiv.. an a|>|di<-ation of inoiiiirc of any kind ' II were given tno foriniil.n Jrcnlmrnt. SPRINO WHEAT. 7lieut mi.lK. . th. t..*t plou wiTo discontinued in an ..(Tort to try to it..-Te out the ;::r;Vuaui;; :,:.;;:'"'* ""* "'" '-' '-^ '- -«'•'- -""-" "nV^aXt OATS. Fifteen vari.;fie* of oat. were WM.-A. (»winK to the v<.ry dry w.Mither j,.« wh. „ Ss t ■ T r iTk*''" "•'^k'" "•"'.'". *''l' ^-' """• "^"''- Th. highiat yieldor * Inh ; , '"'' /'"'".• ^l'"-.*' f'r "5 bu»hrU por acre. It mature.! in 104 davs. n« ubeney. All vanetje. matured in .n average of 104 day., whieh i. 11 day. our. er than l.«t year's average. The Kighty Doy wa. the^alie^t maturing an, I gl.t,.t,.r..ppM„^ variety. t yiol.le.1 only :.l bu.hel. per acre, and matured ,nM day.. The se-on-i h.gho.t yielder wa« a Danish variety. Oul-Neiiga.rd. ThiTvariety matured m 110 clnyB whi.h waa the longest growing period ex^pt that of T,In2 The two vur.et.o.. Gold Rain and Oul-Ne.gaard. took the leading po^ition^th year' Zu ".;;%' •'•'"V^'^'''-; T-x-oln and Dani.h I.land. "Vho ottr v riel"; nbout hol.l .h«..r r-neotivo positions with last vear\ rejultn Four vurieti... were fow„ for hay but gave v,.ry light yields The varieties uied for th=s purpose, were Swedish Sele,.t. Bonner, Ligowo and Daubeney Thev yidd^ acoord.n^ to .be order named, which wa. a repel-=on of their pcrformanoo laTt year BARLEY, TWO-ROWED. w,« n,o V.i..'i,■!''^^^T"■"T' ^"'''•'^ "T ^'"^ ♦'■''' y""'- "f *''!'•'• Ti'O'i'h Chevalier W. . r ■ • "'7 ''"' *!'" "'"'* '"''''*"'*• '""^ »^^»' varieties took the loiip'st |M«no(| to iii.ituro. imiMcly, lO.T days. BARLEV. SIX-ROWED. '^'«''t. ^;"-''<'"'-^ of six-rowed barley were tested. Thin s,..,^,,. n,.,«t of the .six- ;.T.n ",'•"^'"'^";.■♦•V■;''^-^ "-e two-rowo,I «,rt.. This i, not always the c„,e nt this far.n. 11,.. var„.tu^, 1 roopor and Odessa headed the list this sens..„. each vieldin"4« M '"VlT . ""■'"'■'* "' ^"'"-^ """• •'''■'*""' >'i-^''^ '""' ''^•"'•'' 'inaiitv of ;oo.l tniiii tli.'y „s w.-re tested. Tb.y w.Te .sown on April 18 and matured l..tu.H-n Auifust .. and Ausust 10. ., p,.,.,...l vaoinj; fron. 107 to 114 davs. The straw was .shorter than usual tliis .vear. but the .Top of -niin was up to the average , Tho hlffliOKt jrirltler w»i Hah, iririnK B» buahels v'S.lM pnuniU) |wr »rtf: next in onWf of yittld wMi OnltW Vlnp with SO hn«.hi4* fJI.OOO pniin(t«> iw •«•»; nftf t»i» third WM Arthur 8elnl.il. yiolditw 47* l.u«h..U {2.H4H pnuiuU) |»r •«». Th« lown«t .viKkkr tlii» M>nmm wa« rhaiMillor. whioh |ir pnundii) prr urn'. Oni> varloty of VKtch wim ifniwn. Thin wr. pm ,i,.,| in Swinipn nnd U imlM Tmpmved Rwi> Dpod ripen.. 1 unuvtnly and mme waa Inat in harrmitinR. Thi« yield wa» lf> l.ii«li..1» (1.140 pound*) per aet*. IZPEBIXEXTAI ITATION, SIDVIT, B.C. Sftmuel Spt&MT, Voreman Tlinagtr. CEREAIi^. Five rarictir* of wititfT wlieat. three of winter r.v.-, thrw i>f Mprinir wLcnt, three of onl* mid two of lurley w.-rc tPited on plotn o( Hi of hii imti) I'rKh. tlie cropn were tJie Brut ffrown on now lunil. wime plots bad U-rn liravily RrtKliHi un«r an*. T.h^ -iHiil l>»l<-of Ki|>fiiiii|;. Au({. Oats. Viftory ISlulv I, ain .luljr 29. . lianm-r ' „ „ lAiiir. t>. DuulH-iiey ., ., .Iiilv L"-' B»rl.-y. I Miincliiiii iii(ii row«()iBlack ].i.un l.liilv ■.'■.• Caiiadi.in Thorpe (2lThin l.l:icli rowed). Inam <:n clay HUb-Boii. .' t ,. Mi . l)..yi. Mtitiirinit. IIU 101 101 H.i «1 W..iKht i>( Htraw tier acre. I.U. 2.7110 .•i.'-int r,.,v((i> r.,7)() 6,710 Yi..|.l of Cimin p^r acre. IIikIi. 27 .^ 27 5 IX lu; 111) 7 :in 23 7 I Weight uf meaaured biiahel after cleaninf. Urn 61 S9 58 43 42 a 42 GO 59