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This item is filmed at the reduction rati^) checked below/ Ce document est film* au taux de reduction indiqu* ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X pnrr T^ 22X 26X 30X / 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X ^HHd U^_J 32X Tho copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: McLennan Library McGill University Montreal The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in l A. To state and to explain. To remove misapprehension of views^-i#'', to' promote u-^iformity, and to furuisii eusy definitions. POLITICS. 3. Q. What do you understand by the tern Politics ? A. That Sriience, or branch of knowledge, which treats of the Govern* m6nt of Communities, Provinces, States and Empires. 4. Q. Is the reasonable study of Politics desirah'e ? A. Yes, the sphere of Politics is of vast exten., and has influence on the daily well-being of every man. Bad systems of Politics have caused decline or ruin to nations ; — good systems have tended to national strength and happiness. Politics are founded on Public opinion ;— -opi- nions should be formed by the f .iercise of an enlightened judgement, — and this is obtaired by study. 5. Q. What would be some of the consequences of the neglect (f Politics ! ♦ A. The discouragement of those who labour for the public good, the eacourageinent of tlie designing who aim unduly for power and wealth. — arid the iiltroductian of many tendencies towards tyranny, injnsticp and general degradation. The European nation which has attended t( Politics most assiduously and rationally, for the longest period, i? mr.< distinguished for freedom, strength and wise institutions. LIBERAL. 6. Q. What do you mean l)y the term Liberal, as distinguisliing or.?, political creed from other opinions ? A. T mean that tbpory, which, speaking generally, maintains the rights ofthe aggregate of the people, in opposition to any peculiar, f^laims, — by which one Class would be placed as masters,— and others, to any de|[fee, as political serfs, or bondsmen. 7. Q. Have those political distinctions marked- Society eJsewhqrfe ' A. A struggle was maintained between them, for centuries, in Enc- ^anJ.i~t!M%0/um|>h of Liberalism, through a jjeyiesf of contests, hasf ^) 9 plainly been, the triumph of the Constitution, — of the People's welfare and honour, — of the Monarch's safety and renown. 8. Q. Is the struggle continued ? A. In these days persons are disinclined to avow the advocacy of ar- bitrary principles, — but the tendencies of many acts and arguments are in that direction. '.). Q. What are the Civil and Religious tendencies of Liberalism ? A. The confering of equal political privileges, irrespective of any consideration, except the good of each man, and the good of all. The maintenance of the natural right of man, to worship the Almighty according to the convictions of conscience, and the choice of judgement. This promotes public satisfaction, sincerity, and good morals. The natural tendency of artificial society, when not duly checked, is in the direction of accumulating power in the hands of a few, and taking it from the many. History has many proofs of this, and of the wickedness and cruelty of arbitrary power. The safety of all classes, under Divine Providence, is in the Liberty, intelligence and virtue of the people generally ; and these qualities should be plainly defined, fastidi- ously abided by, and established by wise institutions, PUBLIC LIBERTY. 10. Q. What if> meant by British Liberty ? A. That freedom of person, property, and opinion, which is consis- tent with common rights and public benefit. It is the natural right of man, as regards his fellow laan. It has been secured by solemn na- tional acts in Great Britain. U. Q. What British Institutions more particularly represent or sup- port the principle I A. Tiae Legislative Branches, — the Courts of Law, — the various? Churches, — the Press, — the Schools. 12. Q. State some opposites to British Liberty. A. Political Slavery, — disfranchisement without adequate cause, — undue disqualifications, — partial administration of justice, — licentous- ness and censorship respecting expression of thought. 13. Q. State some violations of personal freedom. A. Political Slavery of every grade, by which a man, in the relations of society, is involu.itar' ' made subservient to the will of another ; — arrests and imprisonmci.s without Law, or contrary to Law ; — and, generally, all restrictions on freed^^m of action, which are not required by justice, and the good order of communities. 14. Q. State some violations of freedom of property. A. Legalized monopolies, except those plainly requisite for the pub- lic service ; — taxation without due representation, by which men are, unreasonably, denied a voice in voting away their own money ; — taxa- tion on an unfair basis ; — the using of property to the direct detriment of others ; — bribery ; — traffic itiimical to public and grivate prosperity, &c. 15. Q. State some violations of freedom of opinion. A. The legal exaltation of one sect to the degradation or detriment of others ;— vexatious interference with expression of opinion, spoken 6 welfare cy of ar- nents are ■alism ? 3 of any ill. The Almighty dgement. lecked, is few, and ind of the 11 classes, •tue of the ', faifidi- IS COIISIS- ural right olemn na- nt or sup- e various cause, — licentous- ; relations vother ; — w ; — and, t required r the pub- men are, y ; — taxa- detriment irosperity, detriment in, spoken or written ; — slander ; — abusive language ; — pioraulgalion of opinions of a demoralizing or impious tendency. COURTS OF LAW. 16. Q. What is the legal profession ? A. Legal, signifies belonging to the Law. The Legislature provides statutes, rules, or laws, by which society is governed. Part of tha people prosecute the study of those laws, as a means of business. They profess to explain the laws, to give advice founded on them, and to vindicate the legal rights of others, for payment: those persons com- pose the legal profession. 17. Q. What are the tendencies of the profession 1 A. Perhaps, generally, towards a habit of governing the conduct ac- cording to prescribed rule ; — and, also, towards an aptitude for adopting aright or wrong basis of argument, according to engagement. Some of the best friends and worst enemies of liberty, have been founJ in the profession. 18. Q. What are Courts of Law ? A. Tribunals for authoritative legal decisions. The government se- lects members of the legal profession, to preside at legal enquiries These officers are called Judges. They are made independent, and irremovable, except for gross violations of duty. The Legislature fixes certain periods for legal enquiries. At the appointed time, and in the appointed place, the Judge appears ; he hears cases, pronounces deci- sion, and the decision is established accordingly, by appointed oflScers The institutions for those formalities for trials, are called Courts of Law Court, generally, signifies the presence of some dignitary or officer, with the forms and authority incidental to the rank or office. 19. Q.I Is the Listitution of much consequence 1 A. Yes, — the liberty, property and life, of citizens, sometimes de- pend on legal proceedings. 20. Q. Does the office of Judge require much integrity ? A. Yes. The verdict of a Jury is generally requisite in legal trials, — but the Judge's opinion and conduct have often much weight in v.-i- rious ways, during such investigations. His manner of conducting trials may vary according to temper and uprightnes His decisions include scope for the exercise of individual judgement. If the Judge be able ;ind pure, suitors for justice have faith in his Court, — men look up to him as to an impartial, authoritative arbitrator, who will redress griev- ance and shield from wrong. Thus good order, peace and propriety, are materially served. If ^ Judge be supposed inefficient or partial, dissatisfaction, and various evils result. 21. Q. State the more prominent qualifications of a Judge. A. He is an expounder and a decider. He should, therefore, under- stand the varied principles, the maxims, rules and cases, of the pro- fession, of which he is a chief ; — and he should judge righteously, as if each case were the only concern of his life, and that his character, in the eyes of Heaven and earth, depended on his conduct in each. 22. Q. Is the office of Judge connected with politics,— with matters of general government^ A. No —Legislatures wisely remove Judjres from such rir.^P^ of partiality or suspicion of partiality. Thev are mid fnr Z A iS- ^^* ^' '^"^. ^'°'" *h® Public to the Judges ^ A. Much respect,--in consequence of the position thev occudv am! for free™e„,-„o. J„ ZTo'i ^^'^^^' ^ C S^TZ shnnlrl fniin«, ^' ""«ou, ana deniaJ, or explanation, or remedy t"olt!iTr\he n uS^^ --P^--, damagel either j-might amount to a Iriflinl w th he^.^hts o'f t e'Sr^lnH to a tendency towards a degrading^nd dange ous e'aVde' ^ott'T^^^^^ people's mterests, the public order and peac^e, requirfpurity and resnect and freedom, concerning the judicial character. ^ ^ JURIES. 24. Q. What is a Jury ? A. It is a branch of a Court of Law, composed of twelve persons ta- Un fairly, from a hst of properly qualified laymen. It hears tee^i dence of witnesses the arguments of Lawyers, the evpTanat on nd summing up of Judges, and then decides for or again Jt fhe^party^vho.e case IS under consideration. Subsequently, the^ JudVe g^ves ud'/ n ent or declaration, according to the verdict of the Jury! tlie etler^of 25 O wVr'^v. ''T/'-"^^^ ^' ^"^^^■^'l ^''^ ''^'^ discretion -^i>. y. What should Juries consider. «,i,^v'^u® importance and dignity of that branch of a tribunal which they compose, and the integrity it should exhihi Jurie ^I?h h ^'\'^/''''-°^''^^'"'^'~^"^ ^^^^ ^he iinponant etc. under eti en'aclments ^%V' ^-^°"^^^^^^' «^ ^^ ^^^e sul^ect to penalties . (egai enactments. They are not to surrender their consciences to Liw vers or Judges, else they violate their duties, and the inten io.s o tL cons itution, and may work injustice ;-they 'are not to set up host lit e' to Lawyers and Judges for the same reasons. They should^ dete mi^e by he evidence, according to the dictates of common sense, and upri>r pess, and definitions of Law, -assisted, it may be, by the exnhra lions ot professional expounders. ^ ' ^ expiand- THE PRESS. Libe%'^;\Jh'a't!sTe?rerr^"'^ ^^^ ^"^1. n.ets of priJtiSg""'*' "°'' '' '"^^^"^"^ ^"^ ^^^P^^^"^ "P'"-"^. by 27. Q. What are its good '..ifluences^ A. The multiplication and distribution of materials of knowledge ;— such causes paid for de- I by their own s, the inter- s, and not in He may so for inflexible occupy, and iheir general in institution ! sullied by ;ty, freedoiii I, or remedy nt, damaged •mpliment to 3ublic, — and iotism. Tlie and respect persons, ta- rs the evj- ination and •arty whose ives judgt- e letter of on. a. tribunal it. Juries- I'eto. under enaities of :;es to Law- ons of the p hostilities determine nd upright- 3 explana- of Public [onions, by vled^e ;— -I 1 ihe dissemination of good principles; the exposure and check and pre- vention of public abuses ; — the exhibition and testing of opinions, oa matters of public interest ; and, generally, the advancing and guarding of public intelligence, sound politics, and good moraW. 28. Q. What may be its evil effects? A. If it become corrupt, wholly or partially, it may deal in evil prin- ciples, in slander, falsehood, encouragement of abuses, and may exhibit, generally, the reverse of its legitimate influences. 29. Q. What is the remedy t A. Resort to Law, which is beset with difficulties and objections, ex- cept in extreme cases ; and the wholesome action of public opinion, ac- cording 10 which a Press must regulate iit conduct, — except it take sucii high and unobjectionable ground, as will place it above the common in- fluences of opinion. 30. Q. How should a fairly conducted Press be estimated ? A. As a most important and essential element of civilization, — whicii has worked wonders for society, and may accomplish more ; — as an in- stitution whose failings must be charitably considered, whose freedom must be seduously guarded, — and whose improvement, as a great morui instrument, should be the solemn care of all concerned. 31. Q. Which are the enemies of a free Press? A. Licentiousness of expression, by which it weakens its moral force, and its hold on public sympathies, — desertion of public duly, by which its value is destroyed. — and legal prosecutions for the legiti- mate exercise of its powers. EDUCATION. 32. Q. What is Education? A. It signifies a growth in knowledge, and in capability. 33. Q. Which are the means of Education? A. The various schools,— the lecture tables, — the pulpits, — and the daily intercourse with nature and society, by which men make educa- tional progress during life. 34. Q. State the effects to be reasonably expected from educa- tion. A. Improvement in knowledge, power, morals, and religion., — and,, consequently, improvement in citizenship, in self-respect, and respect ibr the various duties of society. 35. Q. Has the State, or Government, any obligations respectiiiij education? A. Yes, the people form the State. The people's knowledge and virtue constitute the chief riches of a State ; — popular ignorance is x public disgrace, and source of weakness and danger. Consequently, the representatives of the energies of a people, the government, should secure the advantages of rudimental education for the people generally. 36. Q. State the Scholastic institutions of education. A. Common Schools, Academies, and Colleges. 37. Q. State the objects, severally, of those institutions. A. Common Schools ate supposed to be devoted to those matters ia which all men have a common interest, and with which they shovil^ „vej; ^ '^^^ '^^ P"b]ic duty resoectln. th • • • ""^^y-^j J ^ respecting these institutions respec- -onWhoofs!'' To asJiltt'susLv * '"'^^'^^ ^"^ ^^e provision of Com- Jeast, one College, forlZX TF ^o^ie Academies. To have Tt I'Je^generalJy ? '"'"^'^^ ^^^^ '^ these institutions, respecting the peo- l^^^^:'"^^!']^ llfT''' •^"'P^^^^^ ^" ^-^eniies and '"t that of Common SchooL a inn ^^'"'?^ '^'^^' advance ;-with. he latter may attain to the former foAhr"^.^ ^'"^'^^ '"^^ ^^o has a hmprovement. They who cTnr'pl/ S '"^■''"^"^^ °P«" the path to ^f'd to have entered a path to whioh i'"^ '"'"^ ""^ ^°"»P"te, may be a'ong which they rnay .rave] i^tett m' '' V ^^^'^'^ termination, and niaketraveJIinp, beyond roV'"^^^^- Academies and ColJeffes "^oreeasyand'attracdve ''""" P°'"^' ^"^ to parts of commuS,' ^0. Q Whaf,ro if^^LIC OFFICERS. A Men en P"^^'° o'^cers ? imblicRevJu?,':^ services, and paid out of the A AdmiSatioTnf^/ ''"'^ ^'"''^^^'^^^ services ? -harge"oTSc"c r7e:;:;rdrc^^^r'^ --keeping and distriba ti^n^ of TuWrZT''"^'^ '^ ^^^^" ^a'nds The Heads or Chiefs of thp^P ^^ 1 Money,— collection of Revenue tary --the Deput; Po^t S ,f(?:S'' tr^^^ ^^^ Secrf: ^^^f'J-'he Treasurer, the CollecTors '""'^^ Commissioner of Crown reg^dsemolumentfr"'"'"'^'^^'"^^^ ^««P««ti"g those officers, as talents^'nVinS^^^^^^^ ore have such reasonable emolu men? L''''"^'i ' '^'^ ^^"^^^ there- repose they include wm.l/To n ' ^^' J°^"^^ ^^th the dignity and f ns. Th'e other 'office ' rSeLch ""'"'"' V^t- highest 'quafifica- ^nd such abilities, as are usuX cnml /'fPf'^'H^^'^^ °^ deportment, subordinate positions. The emolZl^"^ r^ !''^ ^^^' commercia ^or respectable maintenance but ne^l n' f'^'f^i^^^^' '^^"^^ ^^ ^"ough <'«« display, or class rivalry A hi' h 1"''"^"^^'^^"" for luxurl- Jeen urged for such offi ces i. i„ '"c"'^ '^'® °' -^^OO currency, has Jave been „,ade, and a ^Ti^L o^'i'^. '~^ this objections f^und,thfttitwouldbewiSthe^tnf t K M ^''" ""'"^^' «" the fot Jaymen of ability. "'® '^^*® ^° ^^^^ o«t some higher priaes al branches o* science of com- siudies, ethers >sed to include •rtunities place utions respec- 'ision of Com- To have, at V not fall into leposilory and "ng the peo- Bademies and ance ;— with- he who has the path to ute, may be nination, and 'id Colleges, communiUes, out of the >ndence,&c. own Lands, f Revenue, the Secre- r of Crown officers, as n, in which »uld there- lignity and t qualifica- eportment, iommercial be enough or luxuri- rency, has objections ij on the her priaes ii; PENSIONS. 43. Q. What are Pensions ? A. Annual allowances ;-as gratuities, or as compensations. 44. Q. What Pensions, of consequence, are paid from the publ Revenue, m ^ ova Scotia? •> ' f "'c j'um ..Ur.: J'\'^''Sfments respecting City Government, caused loss ot place and emoluments to two stipendiary Magistrates ;-arran which enough, and not more, n: paid tor efficient public service. V' §' Y^^^ ^^^ ^^® advantages of such arrangement^ A. By adequate outlay, proper stability and efficiency are obtained by judicious saving, public burthens are lightened.-meansare possess- ed for other services,-corrupt squandering, and absurd anamolies, are set aside-or prevenied;-and a Slate is caused to exhibit the wisdom 01 a private individual, who joins liberality to prudence. GOVERNMENT. ■18. Q. You have mentioned Government, and some of the institutions ot Uovernmentj—what is Government? f. ''''f^.u^ controul to which the people generally submit, and which a tew ot the people exercise, for the enactment and execution of laws — the preservation ofsocial peace and order.—the defence from evil — «nd the forwarding of public prosperity,— in the most direct anner. 49. Q. What is the origin and aim of Government^ g^g-^^^'^®0"ly reasonable origin and aim, if the good of the peopiw ado^t?^' ^^^** ^°™ ^^ Government does Provincial Liberalism A. That of Great Britain. It is supposed to consist of a House of of Representatives freely and fairly chosen, so as to reflect the aggre- gate of Society ; a House of Peers, or Legislative Council, selected from the sages of Society; and Sovereign's Representative, advised bv a Mimstry or Executive Council, responsible for the acts of the personage ; 'il l^PPER BRANCH. i^.ancK -./aColon;!" '"^"'^'^ ^^•^'°" ''' ^'^« ^^'PPer, or Executive tor the i.ooi the three itive? 9 .vtVn.f"""r?"''' '^'^'^«J" t"". "'='•'"'= of 'aws,~^^,m/j,5/ra/«r, to the execution of laws, and of public business fenertxlly 5f). Q. State some action of the House of Assembly. A. In the Colonies, this branch represents the British House ot Commons. It consists of a body of men, chosen by thr peon»e to re- present them . \ art (or them, in public concerns. It has' therefore thrUilV^f^''^'"''"""^" ^' """^'"^^^« laws;-participates iu ht passage of laws ;— arranges taxation, by which public services mav bv "'J,f ^»",^d,'-«""!r°"3« the public money ^-influences the ministry, by vote , -and organizes all important civil matt-^rs, which seem to re- ^juire the general action of the people. The institution has grown up in Great Britain, by slow degrees, and under vast difnculties T :ts lead ing characteristics have been generally adopted in all constitutionally governed countries It ,s% (ihief bulwark of British freedon.. As th.^ repree^ntaiive of the people, its constitutional power is great; .-.nduH !?X"n7lT'";' ""^^"^^i^^y opposition within itself.-by the actio, n n « ,h. ^ '"^''l'''~5"^ ^y 'PP'^'^ '" '^' Constituency. It has TntJl\ ^ delegated authority ;_and may act, not merely as .1,- rected, hot in moral and other questions of undoubted te;.dencv, as the people should act for themselves. r^ -, ^r . CI^'"^ RIGHTS. teimCiv-in"" mentioned "Civil m-iiijrs," what is understood by th>. ,-'^\JJ'Z''-^'''^'f'f^'^^^^^^^^ as regards the dailv or- der, well-bemg and advance, of communities of citizens. The term i< useu to distinguish from Military and Religious affairs. in tb; ?;n.\f \^'^"°?^'p "'y ^"d Religious arrangements included lu the general objects of a House of Assembly ^ A. Military arrangements for the Colony are provided by the British Parliament; special affairs of Religion are confided to the various '-nurches, or religious associations. 5'J. Q. Has the Hou^e of Assembly no action on Religious questions ? A. It IS supposed to represent all classes and creeds, aud therefore, not to take special action for any one Church. It should give genera' support to the Christian Religion, by discouragement of impieTv anri jrrehgion, and endeavours towards the maintenance and advance o^ Christian morality. Domination, in such matters, tends to intolerance —religious freedom has been achieved by a seres of struggles withsuell lT'"'"'^■T^''''°"^^f^^?"'■'"f°'^'^=^"^h, is justice to all, and with reference to the general well-beina . THE FRANCHISE. t)U, Q. \\ hat IS the meaning of Franchise ^ A. It signifies freedom or privilege. The term is generally confined to freedom of voting for rnpresenfaiives. • ^.^61. Q. In what does the Frauchise consist, af present, inNova Sco- T.prLT*'!^''"'^"' ■'^''"^'''■' '" ^'''*^^' ^y the suffrages or votes of fhP nnLl?° PO'^.^f =^ j^ ''^-'^^n^ :'^"I"='-ty called freehold This consists in he possession of l.r.d or l^od-., ..vhich yields forty shillings value ybar- Jy, to the possessor. ° " J"-"* I« ,^^^' What should be guarded against, ,n extension of rhe /ran. -^^;p^ui^z ^::''' ^^^-^-^ - ^^-^ .„s .. a; ?hel'elr:as ^rp^eLr^Jotth'^'^'^fj^ representation ^ County Rates, or Provincial Tnvpr.f^' ""^^^ P'>'"^'"^ «f ^^''^ and ^6. 'q. Stale some reTsoL ' '"^*' '"'"'" '^^"^ of residence. nn;^wl!o wteTt^rderrd'mi'rlll' '"'' If ^"^^ P"^"'«" - --^^y- Jreemen. Wit^the JeaJiremp;? ? incapable, would have the right of of suffrage ;4nd 'he HorsrwouL h".^^ ^'""'^ ^" '^' P"^>^^?- theory, the represenl^.^^^thri^^oV/lhrat p^L^n^ ^"^^ ^'^^ ^ ,.^ ^ „, TAXATION. I ■ '^- What is taxation. .h.ng .0 .he s,.rTi3TftV u enSaV'p^estr rt'l P^^' ^"■"^- ranged by exactina fmm »;»;„ "."^'i."?* pressure. Ihe former js ar- it i?not poS ^ ^''"' ''''^'"'^ individually, certain fixed payments. another who hrisooLf f 3' 7?; "^" as much r.s theory of taxation md of t h!f / k!^^"J occurrence, a violation of the oned ''^''^^'°"' '^"'^ «^ the rights and duties of property, is occasi- -0 n ^™^'^^Y.-RESPONSIBLE GOVERNMENT 1 • ?pW^^^ ^« "^eant by Responsible Government ' the British charac I TnSJiL?o'^ Constitution ,-the right is m ush Constitu ior r'lnl 7 ° '''''Te,^he means of adopting the Bn- needbenlb IpeSio'n'oV'h"'" '' ^^''^''^^ '^ ^-^-^^^^y li mean.s limited to mtern7a£!rs -^-the fCv?' ^^^'^^""^^^^ "^ the Colonies i. anairs ,-the Governor, as the representative of the should exert a "reehold proper- ientation ; — and chise to many. regards proper- iscientious, and 1 of the /ran- on the wills of sentation ' Tit of Poor and residence. n in socjeiy, — e the right of ) the privilege ance with its; iblie services. in? duties ofi es pay some- former is ar- id payments. s? able to pay, lity ; and ac- rease accord- fassesment , iily rectified, as much ns ilation of the ty, is occasi- uited to Bri- e right is in ingthe Bn- y of means ! Colonies is-' ative of the fil British Government, ha», in extraordinarv case., the right to assume responsibility, and to appeal to that government ;~the resulting enquiry should be immediate and satisfactory. ^ 71. Q. State some particulars. .n^» lT®^P'"''^^y^ ""^^"^ "°^ accountable. Responsible signifies ac- countable, or under controul. By Responsible Government Is meant, r. .T K°" °J^^^ Commons, or House of Assembly, by which a minis- ' n^ t .1 /"^.".^"ced and the Administration of affairs altered, accord- ^o Ji^ legitimately expressed wishes of the people. 72. Q. What is a Ministry ? .in^n/"^ ^""^l "I""®" ^^°^®" ^y ^^^ Sovereign, or chief ruler,— whose duties may be thus stated : to advise the Sovereign, or Sovereian's Representative, in public aflfairs ;-to propose and carry forward puWie ^^trr'f .r^"^'"^ -^ ^^^ Sovereign's will ;-to assume responsibilitv, from tL R '^ ^."^^'^1^?"' to ^hc people, for all public acts emanating from the Branch. Several of the body are chosen from the CommonsT and thus, form a valuable medium of enquiry and explanation, between the House and the Sovereign. iiJtf^' ?'^*-^ '^® privileges of sr^sh a body,— and the checks held on us acts and existence. rni^' {^ 's.s"PP"sed to share in the power and influence of the Chief luifh IhoViS- 5'^P«"s*ti"n of patronage, and otherwise. If it disagree with the Chief, It may retire from responsibility, by resigning honour and place, and merging in the commonality. Opportunity is thus eiven for expression of the people, or for a new choice by the Sovereign. - Ihe bovereign is expected to harmonize the Branches of the LeSisla- lure, and execute their enactments,— the Ministry is chosen accordingly, as a body possessing the confidence of the people. A vote of the popula^ branch, declaring the desireableness of the termination of a ministry causes as a legitimate expression of popular opinion, a retirement of the body, and a new choice, or an appeal to the people. 74. y Should the vote of the Commons be imperative respectinrr r. Change of minist.y, except in cases where strong grounds exist, that .liffl^r f'^"'^ '^^"''.^ faithfully represent the people, and that the difficulties ofan appeal should be encountered? A It 13 the simple and British mode of preventing any clashintr be- tween , the Sovereign and the people. It forms the elastic medium Which prevents collision and confusion. It blends the freedom of the people ivithtne dignity of the Sovereign, to their mutual advantage.— ;«. f3 a regulating wheel, of the machinery of the constitution. With- out It, the Sovereign might be implicated, and brought into annoyance and danger ;— or the opinion of the people might bo treated with des- potic neglect. It forms a guarantee against excetsseswhich have afllict- ed communities in periods prior to such arrangements for public peace, —and when the strong wills of men, wiih,.ut adequate check, came into collision, or devastated without controul. ted?" ^' ^*^*^"''^*''^™"^^^^"^^"g*^t of retirement be broadly admit- A. Without the right, the position of such a body might include tiegradation and wrong ;— and a ministry could not relieve the m IS JiTnnf ?1 f'""; "-e^Ponf Ability, if its own actions were co-erced -if it •i.d not freely adopt, and freely defend the acts of the Sovereign CHIEFS OF DEPARTMENTS. 76. Q. How are Ministerial services to be requitted t the Colonies, the higher official situations whi.'h hlpnT li: i^ 77. Q State some arguments fyr the system. niPM "f'^ "^""^^ '''"'^^'*^"' ^'-e those which may be readily filled l,v wnnM ^ executive advice, might be rendered. Such arranffemenis Mou d prevent the opposition of officers of Governmentrto personsTn measures of government ;-an anamoly not unknown It would .m vide remuneratioi. for those who gave valuable serWces Won.l ph I a^idln'oi'ofthe'leS^^^'S ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^ CoI^H^t rd f^nn u , ?/ j^'^'^^^''^ branches, in presence of a viaihnt opnosi .on, would give frequent opportunities for direct enquiry and exXa- Z'J T^"^ ^^^'\^ ^^''' ^''^^' ^" '^^ field of po itical ambition - ^UKl such allurements have been considered wise, as regards oSr branch ruenr tn' "''"'''-^ ^' ^^'""'^ '''^^^' Pe^-^««« °^' ability, bu not of , D^r mentTfir,P^,f '"'r ^""^i'^"-- 1^ would pk^vent Chiefs of wmuin ^ ^"''"? '^'''''" ^^ '^^'•e incumbents of office -and Attach TclT^""'f'rr ^y '^' ^'^"l^^i«" ^"d ^'"^bition, that would thS mi^P """m ^'^ '*'''^"^^^^- Salaries of office would r^uarantee tlTo7t77.rttrT'' °" ''-^'!^ grounds,-the action o'o! ohlLiu^ ^J?f^t^'"l'1^^^ ««"«e difficulty m Obtaining fit Heads of Departments, under the proposed system^ nde^r'n e fr,rp^?r'^1 ^'' '^''^! '^^'^^ Executive CJouncil, would be renin 'v ^hp I .?'Pf '""'"Jf ' ^^'^'^y "^^^Pt^*^ th« ^«™er, hey would generahv the latter also. Routine business would proceed reo-ular Iv by e«e.tive subordinates, as in England and Canada!^ regularly, GovemLn.'''''"''°'"'''''^''''°^''^'''^" 'y''"" '^ Responsible A. Consistent and effective action of ministries holding similar oninion. Proper ambition andself respect of the people. GeneraVaccordance S what has b niiy, freed Branches. 90. Q. ' tion Fr^nc A. Free dom to old zens, for tl in this cas( freemen. 81. Q. Consiituti( A Brit der of opii S2. Q. A. No, the bribed sometimei the distril bv physic 83. Q. A. At ficaiion ti irument. St. Q. A. W principlci differ in ( make dui 85. Q A. Tl the peop to econo best pro: reason, i British 1 instead ( 86. C exercisf A. T for thei abusive ijovern rights, ,vell-be ft7, I A. r erced ;— if it 3 reign. s of the min- )me the rnin- chosen, who •lument. In leisure with remunerat- s, and would a, and with tf for Nova ily filled bv )uld be well Ford leisure 1 rank more lal services rangenfienis )ersons and would pro- Vould tend incil board, lant opposi- d exjjlara- mbition ; — her branch- not of af- it Chiefs of >fRce, — and that would guarantee on of op- ibiding by ifficully iti em? would be )ey would regularly, esponsible r opinions, lance with 13 what has been found wise in Great Brhain. A sustainment of the dig- nitv, freedom, and harmony, of the Representative and Executive Branches. ELECTIONS. 90. Q. What should be desired respecting the exercise ot the Elec- '''l %Tetlll' faithful choice is an imperative obligation. The free- domto okci Representatives, is a sacred trust, reposed m private cm- ns, ?or the pub'uc good. Apathy, want of -^"f ^f^^^-'^^^X^ in this case, constitute offences agamst society, and are unworthy oi *%T a What offence at elections, is particularly repugnant to the ^T"Bdbery,-which signifies a gift, or consideration, for the surren- der of opinion and conscience ! S2. Q. Is the manner of Bribery uniform .' , uv^.r^nA \ No Sometimes the mutual offence, offence in the briber and the bribed, is in the shape of money ;— it is sometimes a promise ;— lomet mes the withholding, or removal of a threat,-and sometimes, u rdlSution of intoxicating drinks, that fiee choice may be prevented by physical and moral degradation I 83. Q. What should be the result of direct bribery ^^ \ \t least, loss of franchise to the degraded voter ?--loss o quali- fication to the degrading Candidate ;-line, or other penalty, to the ins- irument. ,, , . . ■ „j ■» 8t Q. How should the Franchise be exercised f \' Without improper influence of fear or favour ,-flCforJm^ to the nrln'civks at issue,— ^ud with fairness and courtesy towards those who diffe^in opinion -iFor this course presiding officers at elections should make due provision. ..i„««;„„t u^ O What are the great obiects at a general election ' t The lelectfon of a^House of Assembly which will best represent the peopTe;-best maintain, and advance British freedom;-best conduce economy, in accordance with the circumstances of the country ;--and nest promote that responsibility of Government, which is consistent with rea on,Tublic satisfaction, and public prosperity, -and ^^'lthout which British freedom migh^ in many important particulars,become a mockery instead of a valuable and valued reality. POPULAR DUTIES. se. Q. What should be impressed on the public mind respecting the rvercise of political rights. . . , , r The accordance to others of the right of opinion demanded tor themselves. The recoUeciion that argument does not require abu4ve diciation,-and that rules of morality, and religion should olern olitical actions. A readiness to surrender some natura rights^ for the strict maintenance of public order, and the general ""^R?^ o'^Vhat political duty is chiefly inculcated by this Catechism'; A* That, lor the good of individuals, families, and communities, broad canons of science, have been acc^^^^^^^^^^ humane appli- corresponding advances, in STiSfr?'/^'"''''''^'^^^^ man,-and that should be detired and promoted ^^'^''^ liberty and mental grtX . d!..! ^-^ -- ^^ ^^e v,ews that t.e Liberality urges as popular : nZ'r^^'l"'''^ ^' ^«^^^^'°" ^^^^"' generally, from what you have ex- ^-^''^^^^^^^^ should moderately mistake and hostility, whirremoval of fuch ?/ °" '^' ^"^J«°^' ^^"^^^ correct action and charitable temoer Th . 'g"°'^an^e, would tend to signifies British freedom. Tim Lih;rHT^^^ ^''"^ ^^'^tia Liberalism constituent parts should be V Jef^ll ^,^aint.'''!f '^ ^^^?^^^' ^"^ ^^a t^^ the mmd, like air to the body The rnlr"l- a^^""' " ^^"'^ ^^^s^- Oil life and action. That Educat L If u u^' '"^'^'"'^ of sound politi- ^;;mple rudiments of lea n hit and Ivfpn "^"^ ^""f "" ^^^^^ formed of the Responsible Governmen i^^ijriti3h1nd In "' '^'. P^P^'^tion. That ^ense and Colonial prosperity fnd\hat pLr'°'^'"'" with commo. «^ons of opinion on political princip'es L^ .J m ".'" '"^"""" ^-^P^^^- manner worthy of intelligent freemin tL ""^"^ u^' conducted in u l^jberty, Intelligence, and InteffriTv " loT^^ ''°"LP'^'^^"^'^*& "'^xim ,s : abhshed on wise institutions a?etl' 'If '^^ understood, and well es- iiappmesss. "'""'^ ^'^ ^^« elements of political power ami I I Jid be arranged' laritv. 'sent aspect 1 humane appli- man,— and that ental growth, I rges as popular i idents, should ; — that great e ophiions on J that, while the true free- Jedom and ge- the motto ; — St, are good. others as you V f uu have ex- I moderately bjeci, causes ^ould tend to I Liberalism !, and that ita good Press, sound politi- )rmed of the ion. That th common 5mn expres- ^ucted in a maxim is : fid well es- power and